MPPT2024Z User`s Manual
Contents
1. 5 co tesh diea 14 6 1 Protection 15 6 2 Common Faults and 16 technical Dal dioere fentit 17 Quality enne eene enne enters 18 1 www biall com pl Dear Consumer Thank you very much for using our product We will offer you the permanent and reliable service for your solar system The manual gives important recommendations for installing and using the MPPT controller Please read the manual carefully and thoroughly before using this product www biall com pl 1 Safety Instructions 1 The controller is only designed to be connected to the off grid solar system It offers the management of charging and discharging for the lead acid battery of flooded gel and AGM chemistries from 12V to 24V nominal only Do not connect this controller to other system such as mains supply and windmill generator 2 The controller is intended for indoor use only Protect it from direct sunlight and place it in a dry environment 3 Batteries generate explosive gases during normal operation lt is important never allow a spark or flame in vicinity of battery 4 Be sure to always keep children away from batteries and acid 5 Do not disassemble the MPPT controller it does not have any user serviceable parts2. Voltage Loss oolar Panels Cable Size Size in ae at 10A Voltage Loss In mm pain H11AWG 0 18 0 53 0 26 14 0 2m am Table 3 5 Cable Length amp Cable Voltage Drop 3 4 Over Current Protection The electrical equipment used in power circuit must be equipped with over current and short circuit protection devices and there is no exception for MPPT 10 controller The controller adopts in the design of common positive pole inside We suggest users to install over current breaker or fuse on the negative loop of solar panels input and also the negative loop of battery output The capacity of over current breaker or fuse is 1 25 times of the rated current 3 9 Lightning Protection It is the same as other electrical devices that MPPT 20 controller will be damaged by lightning The controller has limited surge absorption capacity We strongly suggest users to install lightning surge absorption devices to increase the reliability of the system 10 www biall com pl 3 6 Grounding Use 4 yellow and green cable to connect any of the positive terminal of the controller to the ground bus of the system This can decrease the electromagnetic interference in a certain value 3 7 System Expansion If you want to deploy a bigger system you can expand the system by paralleling several sets of the same controller More controllers can share with one battery group but each controller must be connected with the inde
3. adjusts itself to 12V or 24V system voltage automatically The system type indicates by the green led when the controller startup every time Details show as follows epe i 24V 1 55 oss 12V Figure 5 3 System Voltage Indication Diagram 6 Faults and Remedies 14 www biall com pl 6 1 Protection Remedies Faut Phenomenon Cause Remedy Check the battery voltage and manually Load off recharge the battery if necessary Loads Charging on directly connected to the battery can cause deep discharge Battery Load off Check installation Check the battery voltage Charging off voltage and check any additional charging too high sources if present Load on Check the PV system configuration The PV Charging off open circuit voltage increases while the Battery voltage too low PV voltage too high ambient temperature decreases Excessive Load off Reduce the load current at the load output load current Charging on The load may cause current peaks Load output Load off Rectify short circuit Disconnect and reconnect the load Allow the controller to cool down Check for Load on possible causes of overheating mounting Charging off location other heat sources Possibly reduce the charge current Make sure the Controller inside temperature too high controller is adequately ventilated Inside Disconnect the load solar modules and temperature Load on battery Re install the controller If the error se
4. com pl at night An additional reverse current diode is not required 8 Overtemperature Protection If the temperature inside the controller becomes too high then the controller will stop charging to the battery and it will restart charging the battery again when the temperature decreases to a certain value 9 PV Overvoltage Protection If the input voltage of solar panels exceeds the maximum voltage permitted by the controller it will enter into protection state automatically and stop charging When the input voltage recovers to the normal range the controller will start charging again 10 Current limited for Excessive Charging Current If the permissible charge current is exceed the controller will deviate from the maximum power point to limit the output current to prevent the controller being damaged 11 Load Output Overload Protection If the permissible load current is exceed then the load output is switched off The overload current vs duration shows as follows Rate of Current Duration s 1 lrate 1 lt 1 2lrate 1 21 lt lt 1 5lrate 60 1 5lrate lt l lt 1 8lrate Note lrate 10A nominal load current The controller restarts the load every 3 minutes automatically but the user can also restart the load by the Restart key 2 4 MPPT technology Instructions Solar panels are nonlinear materials and the output power is mainly affected by illumination intensity solar panels temperature and load
5. 6 The controller warms up during normal operation Do not touch the heatsink at the bottom of the controller Note lt is important that the battery is fully charged frequently at least monthly Otherwise the battery will be permanently damaged 2 MPPT Controller Instructions 2 1 Overview MPPT 10 solar charge controller is multi stage Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT photovoltaic battery charge controller with our own technology Its main topology adopts in Buck conversion circuit and uses MCU to adjust the solar panels working point intelligently in order to make the solar panels output its maximum power When the circumstances change the working point of solar panels deviate from the maximum power point MCU will adjust the solar panels working point based on MPPT calculation to make the solar panels back to the maximum power point again refer to Chapter 2 4 about MPPT technology introduction Compared with PWM controller MPPT controller can increase the output power of solar panels by 5 30 The output power increasing proportion is affected by the factors such as solar panels property humidity and light intensity The controller uses wall mount installing refer to Chapter 4 1 Connecting terminal makes the wiring area bigger and wiring loss less 3 www biall com pl 2 2 Structure Bottom Heatsink Indicators and Reset key Solar Terminal Block Battery Terminal Block Load Terminal Block Figure 2 1 Controller St
6. MPPT 10 oolar Charge Controller with Maximum Power Point Tracking Installation amp Operation Manual www biall com pl 1 Content cioe tee deor eed rre tee e es e 3 MPPT Controller 3 2 ll VerviIeW suitcase euh ect 3 2 2 OU CCU dtm tieu Lodi a teu Sce 4 ZS FUNCIONS RT T UTUNTUR 4 2 4 MPPT technology Instructions eee 6 PV System Planning 8 System VoltagB sec 8 3 2 Solar Modules 8 2 9 We SIZIDO nan tibi te aA 9 3 4 Over Current Protection 222 eee 10 3 9 Lightning Protection aer eae ei tn a bees 10 36 AMNES T EU UEM 11 3 7 System EXDAFISION i obe ees 11 BES CANN UNO Nicene et sachets a 11 4 DIMENSIONS 11 4 2 Connecting Diagram 1 17 sse eene 12 12 4 4 Installation 13 Operation 13 5 T Button FUNCOM 13 5 2 LED Rp EE eom ebd eese eec ttt 14 5 3 System Voltage 14 Faults and
7. eck whether the battery voltage and solar panels array voltage is within the requested range C Switch off the over current breaker or fuse of the battery solar panels array and load D Wiring 1 Connect the battery with the battery terminal on the controller by cables and fasten the screws 2 Connect the load with the load terminal on the controller by cables and fasten the screws 3 Connect the solar panels array with the solar panel terminal on controller by cables and fasten the screws E Switch on the breaker or fuse of the battery then the 3 indicators indicate the system status Switch on the breaker or fuse of the load more information about the indicators see Chapter 5 2 and 5 3 F Switch on the breaker or fuse of the battery then the controller starts to charge the battery 5 Operation Instructions 5 1 Button Function There is only one concealed button on the controller which used to restart the load when the controller is in overload protection state The second function of the button is to control the load Press the button and hold about 3 seconds then the load will be switched off This can also switch on the load 13 www biall com pl 5 2 LED Displays PV Voltage Low off MPPT Charge illuminates Absorption Charge Float Charge 1 PV Overvoltage Protection JUUUUUU T 0 5s Battery Disconnect off Load Short circuit Protection 5 3 System Voltage Indication The MPPT 10 controller
8. impedance When the illumination intensity and solar panels temperature are fixed the output power of solar panels is only affected by load impedance Different load impedance will make the solar panels work at different point and put out the different power The following figure will mark the four working points A B C D and the working point features as follows 6 www biall com pl Working point D Output voltage is 22 3V output power is OW This point is the open circuit point of solar panels Working point C Output voltage is OV output power is OW This point is the short circuit working point of solar panels Working point A Output voltage is 13V output power is 74W This working point is the state when using normal controller and the solar panels voltage is clamped to 13V by battery Working point B Output voltage is 17 6V output power is 92W This point is the state when using MPPT controller Because of using power conversion technology the solar panels voltage is not clamped by battery and still works at maximum power point Compare working point A amp B it is easy to find using MPPT controller can increase the using efficiency of solar panels Compared to normal controller MPPT controller can generate more power mu rm ey Hue Figure 2 4 Voltage Current Curve BI NL UN HH LLL 1 20 2 i T www biall com pl 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Figure 2 5 Voltage Power Cur
9. ity Table 3 2 Solar Panels Model and Parameters For 12V System For 24V System For 48V System two in series four in series 140W 01 N in parallel l N in parallel N in parallel i two in series four in series 140W 02 N in parallel l l N in parallel N in parallel two in series 190W 01 N in parallel N in parallel l N in parallel two in series 130W 01 N in parallel N in parallel N in parallel N means the quantity number required by the output current Table 3 3 Solar Panels Model and System Configuration Solution 3 3 Wire Sizing The maximum input and output current of MPPT 10 is 10A To ensure the cable temperature does not exceed the safety range the copper cable s area must be at least 2 5mm In reality application user can choose the appropriate cables according to the system voltage permitted cable 9 www biall com pl temperature cable voltage drop and also cable material We suggest customer to control the maximum battery voltage loss under 1 5 and control the maximum voltage loss of solar panels under 2 5 The following is the cable length between controller and battery and the suggested copper cables Voltage Loss Battery Voltage Loss Cable Size Cable Size at 10A in AWG 12V a pair 4N 8V 3 2 0 60 Table 3 4 Cable Length amp Cable Voltage Drop The following is the cable length between solar panels and controller and also the suggested copper cables
10. nsor Charging on recurs then please contact your specialist error dealer Load Disconnect the load solar modules and Self test charging battery Re install the controller If the error error indefinite recurs then please contact your specialist dealer 15 www biall com pl 6 2 Common Faults and Remedies The battery is Check the fuse LEDs no connected to the Disconnect the battery and reconnect indication controller with the it to the controller with the correct wrong polarity The polarity fuse burns out Battery The controller Disconnect the load solar modules overvoltage adjusts to the and battery Waiting for about 10 protection wrong system seconds and then re install the when startup voltage controller Stay in direct The PV MPP Its normal If possible you can charging voltage too low re configure the PV system to enlarge mode the PV open circuit voltage 16 www biall com pl T Data MPPT 10 12V 70V 12V MPPT voltage range 24V 70V E Maximum Maximum charging current current 14 4V 28 10 for hours 4mV cell compensation Battery type Lead acid GEL AGM Flooded Maximum efficiency xcd ES cooling Ambient temperature range Storage temperature up EE 30 to 80 range Note Technical data at 25 77 F 17 www biall com pl
11. o make the battery voltage fixed at the settled float charging voltage this voltage has temperature compensation U 2h U Absorption Float Float Bulk Bulk 12 4V 12 0V t t Figure 2 2 Three stage Charge Figure 2 3 Two stage Charge 3 Charge Voltage Temperature compensated The controller will compensate the Float charging voltage and Absorption charging voltage by 4mV Cell C based on the current battery temperature For 12V battery the compensated voltage U t 25 6 0 004 V For 24V battery the compensated voltage U t 25 12 0 004 V 4 Discharge Control The controller monitors the battery voltage all the time The load will be switched off when the voltage less than the Low Voltage Disconnect LVD point and it won t be switched on until the voltage more than the Low Voltage Reconnect LVR point 5 Protection against Reverse Connected Battery Connecting the battery to the controller by reversed polarity under the circumstances of solar panels disconnected will not damage the controller The controller will work normally after connecting with correct polarity 6 Protection against Reverse Connected Solar Modules Connecting the solar modules with the controller by reserved connection will not damage the controller The controller will work normally after connecting with correct polarity 7 Reverse Current Protection The controller prevents reverse current from flowing into the solar modules 5 www biall
12. pendent solar panels array and the independent load Please contact the local distributor for further information 4 Installation 1 Protect the controller from direct sunlight or other source of heat 2 Place the controller in a dry environment 3 A free space of at least 15cm on all side of the controller must be provided 4 Mount the controller as close as possible to the batteries 4 1 Dimensions e Solar Battery load Reset H 6 BOOOO Figure 4 1 Dimensions Unit mm 11 www biall com pl Mounting hole pitch G0mm 178mm Mounting hole diameter Height Width Thickness 92 5mm 188mm 55 3mm Connecting terminals Maximum 6mm 4 2 Connecting Diagram Temperature Sensor N Solar Battery load Reset A 65 Figure 4 2 Connecting Diagram 4 3 Wiring A Choose the appropriate cables requested as Chapter Prepare 4 sets of M5 screws used to fix the controller on the wall or other vertical plane B Prepare cutting pliers cross screwdriver and multi meter etc 12 www biall com pl 4 4 Installation Process Note Please switch off the breakers of battery solar panels array before installing the controller Do not touch the positive and negative pole of solar panels or battery at the same time when installing otherwise you have the risk of electrical shock A Mount the controller on the wall and fasten the screws B Ch
13. ructure Diagram 2 3 Functions 1 Maximum Power Point Tracking technology The controller uses Buck conversion circuit and MCU technology to track the maximum power point to implement the maximum output power of solar panels in different illumination intensity and temperature The MPPT algorithm increases efficiency of your PV system and decreases the quantity of solar panels 2 Multi stage Charge Control The starting charging voltage of battery is different the controller will use the different charging strategies to finalize the charging process When starting charging voltage of battery is lower than 12 4V for 12V battery battery will go through three stages as Bulk Absorption and Float charging When starting charging voltage of battery is higher than 12 4V for 12V battery battery will go through two stages as Bulk and Float charging Bulk Charge The controller charges the battery by its maximum output current It is at maximum power point tracking state at this phrase Absorption Charge The controller begins to limit the charging current to make the battery voltage fixed at a settled absorption voltage this voltage has temperature compensation for 2 hours It increases the charging saturation level of 4 www biall com pl battery and prevents battery from leaking gas and this can increase the lifetime of battery Float Charge The battery is at saturation state and the controller charges the battery at a trickle current t
14. ve 3 PV System Planning Reference 3 1 System Voltage The common system voltage of solar system has 3 types 12V 24V and 48V The higher the system voltage the more power the system can handle In reality application user should consider the load power and the voltage scope permitted by load and then confirms which system voltage you should use The power range for each system voltage is as follows oystem Voltage Recommended Power Range lt 800W 24V lt 2000W 48V lt 6000W Table 3 1 System voltage vs Power range 3 2 Solar Modules Configuration MPPT 10 controller can be connected with Single Crystalline Silicon solar panels and also Thin film solar panels When configuring the system make sure the open circuit voltage of solar panels array is not higher than the maximum voltage permitted by the controller Table 3 2 introduces the models of Single Crystalline Silicon solar panels and Thin film solar panels and their parameters Table 3 3 shows the configuration solution for 12V 24V and 48V system for solar panels www biall com pl oingle Crystallin 140W 01 B 140W 22 4V 8 33A 17 6V 7 95A e Silicon Module Thin film 14W 0W 02 140W 29 0V 7 12A 23 0V 6 52A Module single Crystallin 190W 01 n 190W 45 2V 5 65 36 6V 5 2A e Silicon Module Thin film 130W 01 130W 60 4V 3 41A 46 1V 2 82A Module The above parameters are for condition of 25 C AM1 5 spectrum and 1000W m illumination intens
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