Electronic Bricks Cookbook
Contents
1. http en wikipedia org wiki Analog_ signal Illustration 0 0 Let s try Digital signal first The button or the digital sensor can be a digital input to Arduino Arduino can read these digital signals by the digital Pin almost all the pin is suppose digital input And also can write the digital signal out by these digital Pins Hardware setup Now we use a button to control the LED on or off What we need is an Arduino an Electronic Brick chassis a button brick LED brick and two signal cables Hook up the button Brick to the D9 connector of chassis then the button is connected with the 9 digital pin of Arduino And hook up the LED Brick to the D8 connector of chassis then the LED is connected with the 8 digital pin of Arduino The hardware is set and now we can open the Arduino IDE to prepare the sketch Software setup Page 9 of 27 8 23 2011 AT 7 ae WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Y Seeed Studia Works 3222 Tech Support info seeedi com int Button 9 define the 9th digital pin for button brick int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick void setup pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output pinMode Button INPUT set the Button pin for digital input void loop if digitalRead Button if button press digitalWrite LED HIGH light the LED else if not press digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the LED Result The LED will light whenever you press the button Illus2. For 16 2 LCD by default BUS3 D10 D13 D0 D1 A4 A5 D10 D13 are SPI DO and D1 are RX TX For SD card module i _ WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works SSS Tech Support info seeedi com Connectivities While we recommend buckled cable for easy and firm connection most 2 54 pitch cable could be used on electronic brick connectors Half buckled 3 wire cable Fully buckled 3 wire cable Compatible with V4 digital port basic digital Firm connectivity on both ends basic module connections Analog Digital module connections Fully buckled 4 wire cable Fully buckled 10 wire bus cable Firm connectivity on both ends for I2C and Uart Reverse proof For ISP and data bus connections connections Quick plug terminal 2 wire Quick plug terminal 3 wire Easy adaption of various circuits to electronic Easy adaption of various circuits to electronic bricks interface bricks interface WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com X y Seeed Studio Works Functional modules Electronic bricks could be roughly classes by Input output Bus on usage Or Digital Analog mixed on signal type LED module Used as digital IO to produce light Buzzer module Connect to PWM output for generating analog IO to produce dimming lights sound or Analog input as piezo touch sensor Relay module Control high voltage circuit by 5V logic digital output PIR module Detect human existence output HIGH when activated Tem
3. RTC set DS 1307_HR 12 set the hours RTC set DS 1307_DOW 4 set the day of the week RTC set DS 1307_DATE 5 set the date RTC set DS 1307_MTH 3 set the month RTC set DS1307_YR 9 set the year RTC startQ Page 23 of 27 8 23 2011 oe WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studia Works ESSE lech Support info seeedi com j void loop Serial print RTC get DS 1307_HR true read the hour and also update all the values by pushing in true Serial print Serial print RTC get DS 1307_MIN false read minutes without update false Serial print Serial print RTC get DS 1307_SEC false read seconds Serial print some space for a more happy life Serial print RTC get DS1307_DATE false read date Serial print Serial print RTC get DS 1307_MTH false read month Serial print Serial print RTC get DS 1307_YR false read year Serial printlnQ delay 1000 Press serial monitor button on the Arduino IDE you can see the data returned by RTC module More information about IIC TWI library and RTC module is here http www arduino cc playground Learning I2C http www arduino cc en Reference Wire http www seeedstudio com depot electronic brick real time clock moduleds 1307 p 491 html Course 4 Interrupt Interrupts are useful for making things happen automatically in microcontroller programs and can help solve timing problems A good task for using an inter
4. Serial begin 9600 start serial for output j void loop delay 100 function that executes whenever data is received from master this function is registered as an event see setup void receiveEvent int howMany while 1 lt Wire available loop through all but the last char c Wire receive receive byte as a character Serial print c print the character int x Wire receive receive byte as an integer Serial printIn x print the integer j Program this code into the other Arduino to turn it a receiver then it become the slave which address is 4 And press serial monitor button on the Arduino IDE you can see the data that slave received There are many module have the IIC interface you can use the Arduino to control them easily too Let s take the DS1307 RTC module for example DS1307 is a real time clock IC it can be set and sent out the clock data by IC Page 22 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Oo Tech Support info seeedi com y Seeed Studio Works Connect the RTC module to the IIC connector on chassis and program the code below then you will get a clock include lt WProgram h gt include lt Wire h gt include lt DS1307 h gt written by mattt on the Arduino forum and modified by D Sjunnesson void setup Serial begin 9600 RTC stopQ RTC set DS 1307_SEC 1 set the seconds RTC set DS 1307_MIN 23 set the minutes
5. j else digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the light j j Result It will turn the light on in darkness and turn off if bright enough You can find more sensor brick here http www seeedstudio com depot electronic bricks c 44 html Course 2 BUS Most of the sensors and switches use a single wire for signal There are modules need more than one signal line so we need the bus connection Like the 16 2 Character LCD module have 16 pins there are 5 power pins and 11 signal pins At least 10 pins are needed to control the 16 2 Character LCD modules so we need a bus to connect it to Arduino Hardware Setup Connect the 16 2 Character LCD Brick with the 10pins cable to the BUS2 or BUS1 connector of Chassis And toggle the power switch to On Page 16 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com We can use the library for Liquid Crystal to control the LCD easily This library allows an Arduino board to control Liquid Crystal displays LCDs based on most popular Hitachi HD44780 or a compatible chipset The library works in either 4 or 8 bit mode ix Display Arduir les Sa Open Ctrl O File Edit Sketch oe 1 Basics p Ipo t Ekar ee 2 Digital e 3 Analog 4 Communication e http www ar dui ee ee 6 5ensors Displa H ff include the lil e include Liqui dC eS s i ArduinolSP 4 ff initialize the fLiquid
6. will light for a moment Revision History 21 Aug 2009 V1 0a revision published 16 Aug 2011 V1 3 The using of LCD is modified Page 27 of 27 8 23 2011
7. WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com y Seeed Studio Works N v Electronic Bricks Cookbook vol 1 Preface Should every child have played toy bricks it is the most widely owned toy which help construct preliminary inspirations easily Easy plugging and dissemble fast and robust then creativity are maximized by ignoring engineering difficulties Similar to electronics for elder inventors it may not be a problem after you have enough experience and resource to make a prototyping from ground But so much technical details usually distract the inspirations How about constructing electronic projects just like Lego brick Yes We can build electronics projects so easily Arduino and its community have made the programming much easier than ever before Surely we need some elixir on hardware part By using electronic bricks you may connect Arduino compatible boards easily with various digital analog and I2C Uart interfaces These the breadboard less firm connection are prepared to extensive modules like potentiometers sensors relays servos even buttons just plug and play WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com y Seeed Studia Works 8238 Intro A basic setup of electronic bricks might include 5 parts MCU boards adapter shield connectivity and functional modules Arduino is based on flexible easy to use hardware and software These advantages make it became one of the best choices
8. int Gassensor 1 define the Ith digital pin for gss sensor brick int Buzzer 8 define the 8th digital pin for buzzer brick void setup Page 14 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studio Works L232 Tech Support info seeedi com pinMode Buzzer OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output j void loop int val 0 val analogRead Gassensor Read the gas sensor for gas density if val gt 0x300 if gas dense digital Write Buzzer HIGH ring the Buzzer for alarm j else digitalWr te Buzzer LOW turn off the buzzer j Result _ If environmental gas density exceeds the value that we setup the buzzer will ring for alarm Illustration 1 3 The light sensor is similar to gas sensor it also outputdifferent level according to the luminous intensity Hardware Setup Connect the light sensor brick to Al connector of chassis and the LED brick to D8 connector as a light source Page 15 of 27 8 23 2011 ee WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studio Works 2238 lech Support info seeedi com Software Setup int LightSensor 1 define the 1th digital pin for light sensor brick int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick void setup pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output j void loop int val 0 val analogRead LightSensor Read analog level which match the luminous intensity if val lt Ox200 digitalWrite LED HIGH turn on the light
9. 13 14 15 16 Using BUS void setup i ff set up the LOD s mmber of columns and rows led begin 16 2 ff Print a messare tn the TOT More information about the LCE1602 and Library is here http arduino cc en Reference LiquidCrystal Page 18 of 27 8 23 2011 sats fees WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studio Works ELS lech Support info seeedi com Course 3 IIC Interface If you want Arduino to communication with external module there are some communication protocols optional HC SPI and UART See IIC TWI for an example NXP Semiconductors developed a simple bi directional 2 wire bus for efficient inter IC control This bus is called the Inter IC or I2C bus Only two bus lines are required a serial data line SDA and a serial clock line SCL Serial 8 bit oriented bidirectional data transfers can be made at up to 100 kbit s in the Standard mode up to 400 kbit s in the Fast mode up to 1 Mbit s in the Fast mode Plus Fm or up to 3 4 Mbit s in the High speed mode Description from NXP I2C bus specification and user manual v3 It s not a must to know the specific protocol and time sequence because there is a ready library allows you to communicate with I2C TWI devices On most Arduino boards SDA data line is on analog input pin 4 and SCL clock line is on analog input pin 5 On the Arduino Mega SDA is digital pin 20 and SCL is 21 Let s take a quick look at the functions of the library begi
10. NG to trigger when the pin goes from low to high FALLING for when the pin goes from high to low Page 25 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com y Seeed Studio Works 2322 In chassis the D2 and D3 are not prepared individually but they are include in the Bus 1 So we need a BUS HUB module to break them out of BUS1 Connect the Input connector on the bus hub to BUS1 connector on chassis by the 10 pins cable Hardware Setup Connector the PIR sensor to the Pin2 connector on the bus hub and connector the LED to the D amp connector on the chassis Modify the code for interrupt int PIR 0 define the 2th digital pin for PIR sensor brick interrupt int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick int time 0 initial the time void setup pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output attachInterrupt PIR blink RISING enable the interrupt and when D2 rising jump into the blinkQ function void loop Page 26 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com NU Seeed Studio Works Q229 if time gt 0 check if need to light the LED digitalWrite LED HIGH light the LED time decrease light time else digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the LED void blink time 1000 catch the PIR sensor pulse Program the code into the Arduino When somebody detected by PIR sensor the LED
11. ckled Analog Port AS Analog Fort AO A5 Bucked Analog Port Easy Solid connection with Analog input wit VCC GND Buckac Communication Port Fasy communication port with 12C and Wart Digital IO port Standard servo pin compatible Analog IO port 2 54 grid male pir header connections Bus connector For bus type devices like LCD Keypad anc etc Electronic Brick Chassis is dedicated for electronic brick setup carrying much more electronic brick connectors even for data buses It is more uniformed interface for beginners on the other hand provide super strong connection oe a _ WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM aoe Tech Support info seeedi com X y Seeed Studia Works DA D12 i Oe D1 Digital input Gutpet analog Oepat T 4 n i 1 t I I Sin Ad ASI k aii Anakig bi Pat EA A A G u vt Tre Sigal A i VEC HISI bel st iss Fiset C Pini C Pin 10 BUS 2 BUS LYE 2 D2 3 DS 4 D4 5 D5 LYCEE DIO XDI amp DI2 D13 1 iND amp D9 t DA a amp D6 lOsGND GAS BAT TLA BLAI BUS 3 EYEE 2Did zD DI S D13 SPI DIO SS DIL MUSI DIZ MISO DIS SCK HGND 9 DO e DI TLAS HA4 Chassis provides 5 Digital IO 5 analog input 1 IIC port and Uart serial port The other 3 data buses are prepared for more complex devices These buses could be reprogrammed for other usages too BUS1 D2 D8 for 4 4 keyboard by default BUS2 D10 D17 D10 D13 are SPI AO A3 could be used as D14 D17
12. ensor brick int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick int time 0 initial the time void setup pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output pinMode PIR INPUT set the tilt sensor pin for digital input j void loop if digitalRead PIR 1f check people move throw time 10000 set a light time j if time gt 0 check if need to light the LED digitalWrite LED HIGH light the LED time decrease light time j else digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the LED j j Page 13 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM OY Seeed Studio Works 8383 Tech Support info seeedi com Result when somebody detected by PIR sensor the LED will light for a moment More information about the PIR sensor 1s here http www seeedstudio com depot pir motion sensor module p 74 html Illustration 1 2 The Analog sensor is different from Digital sensor the level of analog signal continuously reflect the factor been measured like light strength gas density temperature and so on Let s take a Gas sensor for example First adjust the Resistor of the Brick to correct the sensor output analog level When power up the gas sensor will heat up and then we can adjust the resistor to about 5K correct the output analog signal to about 1V Hardware Setup Connect the Gas sensor brick to Al connector of the chassis and the buzzer to the D8 connector Software Setup
13. for the MCU part of Electronic bricks Each functional module has buckled port with VCC GND and Output which has corresponding port on the adapter shields with a plain 2 4mm dual female cable you may start playing already Buckled brick cables are like cement to make the connections easier secure and more professional looking Below catalog is for demonstration only please visit depot for complete list Micro controller units MCU MCU is the director of the circuits as the core module for electronic bricks You may use any Arduino pin compatible boards like Arduino Duemilanove Seeeduino Freeduino and etc WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com y Seeed Studio Works Electronic Brick shield We provide two kinds of Electronic Brick shields Arduino Sensor Shield and Electronic Brick Chassis Arduino Sensor shield V4 is a standard footprint Arduino shield provided stackable pin headers and 5 channel electronic brick connectivity all digital and Analog IO are prepared with servo compatibility WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seecedi com ajaj y Seeed Studia Works 82 Essy Reliable Electronic Brick Series Electronic Brick Shield V4 0 pro explained Buckled SSS eee Arduino Port Analog r z ja ee eee T Port gt Ground Vi Vee AD Ad Signa igtal IO port DO D13 Communication Port Selectable setweer 20 and Uart To Signal To VOC r To GND Arduino Port Bu
14. ice that was begun by beginTransmission and actually transmits the bytes that were queued by send Syntax wire endTransmissin The master ends a transmission with the slave which connected send Sends data from a slave device in response to a request from a master or queues bytes for transmission from a master to slave device in between calls to beginTransmission and endTransmission Parameters value a byte to send byte string a string to send char data an array of data to send byte quantity the number of bytes of data to transmit byte Syntax wire send hallow word maser send up the data hallow to HC bus byte available Returns the number of bytes available for retrieval with receive This should be called on a master device after a call to requestFrom or on a slave inside the onReceive handler return the number of bytes available for reading Syntax 1f wire available Q check if there is data receive byte receive Retrieve a byte that was transmitted from a slave device to a master after a call to requestFrom or was transmitted from a master to a slave Syntax data receive Retrieve the data that on the wire onReceive handler Registers a function to be called when a slave device receives a transmission from a master handler the function to be called when the slave receives data this should take a single int parameter the number of bytes received fr
15. lrystal 1 ArduinoTestSuite PIRE ema eal asynclabsWiShtield CapacitiveSenseD03 b void setup cubeXcontrol b ff set up the D EEPROM led begin 16 2 Tene a 2 l Led print helll Fic 1 HPOZMI 4 s IRremote a auum LiguidCrystal H Autoscroll Matrix Blink l MNVIAY GG0FRC F Cursor i Mlotion_Frame_DemoCode i Display i MsTimer2 P HelloWorld music wl 13 Scroll NewSoftSerial P SerialDisplay Rainbowduinae setCursor rainbowduinoCu be TextDirection T tp SD e Page 17 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com i y Seeed Studia Works You need to do some modifications on the code to make the LCD work If you want to use BUS1 to drive the LCD change the LiquidCrystal Icd 12 11 5 4 3 2 into LiquidCrystal Icd 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 If you want to use BUS2 to drive the LCD change the LiquidCrystal Icd 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 into LiquidCrystal Icd 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Display Arduino 0022 c El Ss File Edit Sketch Tools Help ww Bae p This example code is in the public domain http www arduino ccr en Tutorial Liquidlrystal ff include the library code include LiquidCrystal h gt ff initialize the library with the mumbers of the interface pins ffLiquidCrystal led l 11 5 4 3 2 ffLiquidtrystal ledi 3 4 5 6 T 8 Using BUSI Liquidlrystal led 10 11 12
16. n begin address Initiate the Wire library and join the 2C bus as a master or Slave address the 7 bit slave address optional if not specified join the bus as a master note There are both 7 and 8 bit versions of I2C addresses 7 bits identify the device and the eighth bit determines if it s being written to or read from The Wire library uses 7 bit addresses throughout If you have a datasheet or sample code that uses 8 bit address you ll want to drop the low bit i e shift the value one bit to the right yielding an address between 0 and 127 Syntax wire begin Ox04 set a Arduino as a slave which address is 0x04 wire begin set a Arduino as a master requestFrom address count Request bytes from another device The bytes may then be retrieved with the available and receive functions quantity the number of bytes to request Syntax wire requestFrom 0x04 4 A master request the slave which address is 0x04 to return 4 byte begin Transmission address Begin a transmission to the I2C slave device with the given address Subsequently queue bytes for transmission with the send function Page 19 of 27 8 23 2011 OS WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studio Works ELS lech Support info seeedi com and transmit them by calling endTransmission Syntax wire beginTransmissin Ox04 The master start a transmission with the slave which address is 0x04 end Transmission Ends a transmission to a slave dev
17. nector of chassis and connect the LED brick to D8 connector Then By tilting to different end it works like a switch Software setup Page 11 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com X y Seeed Studio Works 2828 int Mercury_tilt 9 define the 9th digital pin for Mercury tilt switch brick int Buzzer 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick void setup pinMode Buzzer OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output pinMode Mercury_tilt INPUT set the tilt sensor pin for digital input j void loop if digitalRead Mercury_tilt if up tilt digitalWrite Buzzer HIGH ring the Buzzer else if not press digitalWrite Buzzer LOW turn off the Buzzer j Result when the brick up tilt the buzzer will alarm Illustration 1 1 Some Digital sensor are not like a switch just to put out high or low level signal in different situation They put out pulse signal when activated For PIR sensor when people move into the range it will send a high level pulse out The pulse duration can be change by the resistance on the brick It s easier to check pulses which lasts longer Hardware Setup Connect the PIR sensor brick to D9 connector of Chassis and Page 12 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com X y Seeed Studio Works L232 connect the LED brick to D8 Software setup int PIR 9 define the 9th digital pin for PIR s
18. om the master and return nothing e g void Syntax wire onReceive read when the slave receives a data from the master it will jump into the function read onRequest handler Register a function to be called when a master requests data from this slave device handler the function to be called takes no parameters and returns nothing e g void myHandler Page 20 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com y Seeed Studio Works Syntax wire onRequest read when the master receives a data from the slave it will jump into the function read oag Let s try connecting two Arduino together and communicate Connect two Arduino with 4 pins cable use the IIC connector on the Chassis Then the hardware is set include lt Wire h gt void setup Wire begin join 12c bus address optional for master j byte x 0 void loop Wire beginTransmission 4 transmit to device 4 Wire send x is sends five bytes Wire send x sends one byte Page 21 of 27 8 23 2011 l ee WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studio Works O22 lech Support info seeedi com Wire endTransmission stop transmitting X delay 500 Program this code into the first Arduino then this one is the master And we use it to sent out data include lt Wire h gt void setup Wire begin 4 join 12c bus with address 4 Wire onReceive receiveEvent register event
19. perature sensing module Output voltage Light sensing module Output voltage changes changes according to temperature according to environmental light strength X y Seeed Studia Works E38 Tilt sensor module Connect when tilting disconnect while horizontal 16 2 Character LCD Display numeric and characters max 32 in a display Sound sensing module Output voltage changes according to environmental sound strength Accelerometer module Output 3 axis acceleration force by voltage o WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com Rotary angle module Output voltage changes according to rotated angle Joystick module Joystick output 2 axis by analog signal press down as momentary button to output digital pulse Distance measurement module Output voltage changes according to distance detected Keypad Module 3X3 scan keypad for input Page 8 of 27 8 23 2011 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com X y Seeed Studio Works Electronic Brick 101 Course 0 Analog and Digital Analog signals are continuous while digital signals are discrete Analog signals are continuously varying where digital signals are based on O s and 1 s or as often said on s and off s As an analogy consider a light switch that is either on or off digital and a dimmer switch analog that allows you to adjust brightness You may check more details about Analog and digital signals at Wikipedia
20. rupt might be reading a rotary encoder monitoring user input For an example if you want to check the PIR sensor when displaying LCD It may be Page 24 of 27 8 23 2011 ve ee WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studia Works OESS lech Support info seeedi com lost the PIR pulse signal when update the screen The best way it s use the Interrupt to catch the small pulse In the situations like this using an interrupt can free the microcontroller to get some other work done while not missing the input signal Most Arduino boards have two external interrupts numbers O on digital pin 2 and 1 on digital pin 3 The Arduino Mega has an additional four numbers 2 pin 21 3 pin 20 4 pin 19 and 5 pin 18 And you can use the interrupt function to control the interrupt attachInterrupt interrupt function mode Specifies a function to call when an external interrupt occurs Replaces any previous function that was attached to the interrupt Parameters Interrupt is used to choose the external interrupt channel Function is the function to call when the interrupt occurs this function must take no parameters and return nothing This function is sometimes referred to as an interrupt service routine Mode defines when the interrupt should be triggered Four contestants are predefined as valid values LOW to trigger the interrupt whenever the pin is low CHANGE to trigger the interrupt whenever the pin changes value RISI
21. tration 0 1 The Arduino can Read the Analog signal via the AD by the analog pin and put out the analog signal by PWM pins In Arduino there are 6 analog input pin from AO A1 and there are 6 analog output pins D3 D5 D6 D9 D10 D11 Hardware Setup We use a buzzer brick and a Rotary brick to demonstrate the analog input and output Connetct the buzzer to D9 connector and the rotary brick to A1 connector of chassis Page 10 of 27 8 23 2011 oe WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM W Seeed Studia Works ESSE lech Support info seeedi com Software setup int Rotary 1 define the Rotary for 1th Analog pin int Buzzer 9 define the Buzzer for 9th Digital pin which is Analog out pin also int val 0 void setup void loop val analogRead Rotary read the Rotary analog value analogWrite Buzzer val Write the analog value out to Buzzer Result when you rotate the rotary brick the buzzer sound will change Course 1 Sensing the world Sensors can be basically categorized as analog and digital Some Digital sensor acts as a switch whenever triggered it output a on signal and the other environment it output a off signal Illustration 1 0 We take a Mercury tilt switch as an example When the Mercury tilt switch brick is tilted over a certain angle it will be activated and send out a high level signal else it sent out a low level signal Hardware Setup Connect the Mercury tilt switch brick to D9 con
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