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The Watson Labs User Manual

1. eoeoceeoconmres eoeceecepoorn coccocccoococ0yocomno Sg eGgqceeontcaqaws auo a OOG we mock vn Program Counter i Load Loadimm Loadimm Loading Instruction Register pogo 9 Store Storelnd x F000 0078 W ME HM Subtract ooas JB m NN E onze 1 Compare Compare Branch dump L8 pes Flag 0000 D Negative Flag Execution Controls Zero Flag 0000 E Run Walk Base 2 16 L Overflow Flag 0000 F Java Applet Window Figure 8 14 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB Ep 89 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 8 2 Memory Memory Don 0000 OOOO 000 0000 0001 0000 OOOO OOOO 0010 0002 0000 OOOO OOOO 0011 0003 0001 1101 OOOO 0001 0004 0001 1110 OOOO 0010 0005 0101 1111 1101 1110 0006 0010 1111 OOOO 000 0007 1111 OOOO OOOO O000 0008 0000 OOOO OOOO oO000 0009 0000 OOOO OOOO 000 0010 0000 OOOO OOOO 000 0011 0000 OOOO OOOO O000 Figure 8 15 The contents of memory This is the memory where the program runs This contains the program code and other information the program needs in order to execute Each memory location is 16 bits These locations can be addressed with 4 bits WATSON PROJECT ASSEMELY LAB EDI 90 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENC
2. Variable Declaratians Distance Point Line circle cl Pogon Circle tire Figure 5 2 Variable Declarations Declarations Pane This area is used in conjunction with the Data Type buttons to develop Watson Graphical Language programs It displays all the variables being used in the program Distance Button This button defines a variable of type Distance Note that unlike the other types a Distance cannot be defined interactively in the Drawing Window since distances can not be drawn WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 38 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Point Button This button defines a variable of type Point After pressing this button you can interactively draw a point by clicking in the Drawing Window at the position you would like the point to be located Line Button This button defines a variable of type Line After pressing this button you can interactively draw a line by clicking in the Drawing Window once at the location where you would like the line to begin and again where you would like it to end Polygon Button This button defines a variable of type Polygon Polygons are closed multi sided figures that may be defined by a sequence of points where the first and last point in the sequence must be the same Polygons can be drawn interactively in this lab by clicking on the Drawing Window once for each point in the polygon To cl
3. WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT A special heart felt THANK YOU also goes out to my good friend and former student Don Garrett who in addition to being a primary developer in Phase I of Watson returned to Louisiana Tech to pursue a Master s degree and in the process developed the Java Swing framework for Watson Phase III Don s years in industry developing object oriented Java based applications provided him with the background to lay a solid foundation for the current set of labs Without Don s efforts Watson Phase III would not exist The primary developers for Watson Phase III include e Brandon George Spreadsheet e Jim Patterson Database e Chris Martin Data Structures e Don Garrett Graphics and Overall Watson Framework e James Phillips JavaScript e Cliff Lemoine Object Oriented e Clay Zuvich Assembly e Anthony Stonaker Digital Logic In addition to these developers I d like to thank the entire spring 2004 CSC 404 Senior Capstone class This class did a spectacular job improving the look and feel of the Phase III labs including developing all of the graphics the user s manual brochure CD case flash based web site flash tutorials and multi platform Windows Mac Linux Watson CD Additional efforts included testing bug tracking bug fixes and numerous improvements to the UI based on feedback collected from actual users While all of those who worked so hard on this p
4. Data bus that links the CPU and the memory The WVM is a simple yet powerful tool to help you understand what is happening at the low levels of a computer With only 16 instructions you can perform a wide variety of programming functions 11011010101011010110000111010100011001101001101101011011010101011010110000111010100011001101001101101000110101111100110111011010011011010010011010 01101101001101010110101110101100001110101000110011011011010100110101100001110101000101110011111001100110110100101001101101011011100110110100101 001 101101001101010011001101001101101001110110101011001101101001010011011010101001 10101010001 00011001 1010011011010011010001111001101101001010011011010 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY Lae 8 82 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Assembly Lab Layout The Watson Assembly Lab consists of the following main sections The first is the assembly code section This section displays the current assembly level code To the left of this is memory which shows what is currently in the program s memory Farther to the left are the general registers Below the Assembly Code window are the command buttons The program counter instruction register and flags are located to the left of this Finally at the bottom there are the execution controls that allow the user to control the program and the flags that display if they are set or not Program Counter 0000 0000 instruction Register Bana 0000
5. e Digital Logic Build digital circuits capable of functions such as comparing and adding binary numbers 0 3 History of Watson Watson development has taken place in three distinct phases the first from 1993 through 1995 the second from 1996 to 1998 and the third phase WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 5 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT from 2002 to 2004 Phase I 1993 1995 The first phase of Watson involved the conceptualization design and initial implementation of nine lab environments During this time Watson was support by a 100K grant from the National Science Foundation H C watson APPS DATABASE Joe Activity What is Database Exercisel Done Table Edit Query By Example Relational Query EH EEUU EEUU ERE EE UNI Current Relational Query List of relations Output of query by Relation EXERCISE 1 OBE Administrators had noticed that more and more older students were returning to college One administrator wanted to know if there was any relationship between the age of the student and the grades assigned Use OBE to develope a table that contains all grades and the age of the student Do not include any other information since we want to maintain student confidentiality Figure 0 1 A Watson Lab Phase I 1993 1995 Watson s core concepts of a unified graphical user interface cross platform compatibility bre
6. point and click editar Ta interactively draw an object press the button corresponding to the object you wish to create Point Line Polygon or Girele and then specifiy the 5 characteristics of that object e by clicking the mouse onthe PP Drawing Window Help is available on each of ai rl H EE 70 LEUR Figure 1 2 Docked Activity Description Pane This pane shows you the activity instructions It also allows the user to hide the Activity Description Pane view the Activity Description in a separate window and reset the current activity Hide Button This button will remove the Activity Description Pane from the screen Dock Button This button will bring the Activity Description Pane to its original docked state Reset Button This button will reset the current activity WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES BD 16 WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Undock Button This button will detach the Activity Description Pane from the main Watson window The Undock Button will change to the Dock Button a Watson Activity Description BAX This is an unstructured scratchpad activity that you can use to become familiar with the capabilities of the Watson Graphics Lab Feel free to play around by drawing objects interactively or by writing programs with the point and click editor To interactively draw an object press the button corresponding to the
7. Else For Loop While Loop Hi Method Call Return o Figure 7 12 An example statement with incomplete placeholders If you lose your place in an activity or forget what exactly you are supposed to be doing with a given method you may click on the View tutorial dialog button to review the tutorial Viewing Class Code To view a class s code click on the name of the class and when prompted with a menu choose the option labeled View Class Code This will display the complete code for this class in the Code Viewer Removing a Class Diagram To remove a class diagram click on the name of the class you wish to remove You will be prompted with a list of options Choose the option labeled Remove this Class Diagram and click OK WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 7 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 7 1 3 Class Attribute Menu When a user clicks on a class attribute the Class Attribute Menu shown in figure 7 13 displays the three actions that can be performed on that specific attribute Edit this Attribute Remove this Attribute and View Class Code The View Class Code option has the same functionality as previously de scribed in the Class Diagrams Area menu option so it will not be described here Class Attribute Menu Edit this Attribute M Java Applet window Figure 7 13 Class Attribute Menu Editing an Attribute To edit
8. Overview Database programs such as Microsoft Access are popular end user applica tions that allow people to organize large quantities of data in ways that make it easy to answer questions about that data All modern database programs are based on the relational database model which organizes logically related data into tables These tables which are known as relations are subdivided into rows and columns Each column or attribute of a relation keeps up with a particular kind of data Each row or tuple of a relation holds all of the data about a particular entity or event A query may be thought of as a question posed to the database Query operators act on existing relations and always produce new relations as output The se ect operator is used to retrieve data from a relation particular tuples or rows that satisfy some test The project operator is used to retrieve particular attributes or columns from a relation WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LaB 3 23 WATSON PROJECT REN SA TEMPS DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Database Lab Layout The Watson Database Lab consists of four main areas The first area is the Watson Title Bar which is common to all the Watson Labs The next area is the Relation Editor which holds the current relation Below that is the Contents of Relations area that displays the contents Finally there is the List of Relations which is a list of relations available to the user 7
9. an attribute click on its name in the Class Diagram and select Edit This Attribute from the menu that appears This option allows the user to edit the definition of a specific class attribute namely the one that received the mouse click Editing is performed by an Attribute Dialog in Edit mode in which all of the editable fields are set to the current attribute component val ues The user is allowed to make the changes and click OK to apply them e a OE Edit an Attribute Attribute Identifier Hame name Data Type String w Access Type private m ok Cancel Java Applet window Figure 7 14 Edit an Attribute Menu shown editing the name attribute of the person class OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 72 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Like the addition of a new attribute inheritance poses special problems for the editing of a class attribute First if this attribute is inherited in a sub class the changes must be propagated down to the sub class Changes in the access modifier pose the most difficult roadblock since access changes can change whether or not an attribute can be inherited The Watson OOP Lab handles all of these special cases for the propagation of inherited at tribute changes The second problem is if this attribute is one that s inherit ed i e this is a sub class attribute then users are not allowed to edit the attribute The lab di
10. ar event A query may be thought of as a question posed to the database Query operators act on existing relations and always produce new relations as output The sejec operator is used to retrieve from a relation particular tuples or rows that satisfy same test The project operator is used to retrieve particular attributes ar columns fram a relation Launch Reset Java Applet Window Figure 0 3 A Watson Lab Phase III As of May 2004 the only lab that is incomplete is the JavaScript lab Unfortunately from a pedagogical standpoint this is one of the most important Watson labs WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 10 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT During the spring of 2004 the Project Director had the good fortune of teaching CSC 404 Senior Capstone In the spirit of use every resource at your disposal the Project Director selected Watson as the topic for Senior Capstone In addition to providing desperately needed manpower for the Watson project this choice enabled the class to gain near real world experience with a large project on the back end of the software design process The CSC 404 class devoted tremendous effort to testing documentation and code maintenance They tested the Phase III software with actual students and incorporated UI changes based on the student s feedback Furthermore the class refined the graphical look of the labs and
11. are beyond the scope of this lab this lab illustrates how many of the basic components of a computer such as the addition unit and comparison circuitry can be constructed Surprisingly as we will see digital computers are based on just three simple logic circuits or gates as they are called These gates and or and not can be interconnected in various ways to form all of the major functional components of a computer WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 97 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Digital Logic Lab Layout The Watson Digital Logic Lab consists of four main areas The first area is the Watson Title Bar which is common to all the Watson Labs The three Circuit Design Tools are just below the Title Bar followed by the Circuit Editor At the bottom of the pane are the four Component Tools Java Applet Window Figure 9 1 Full lab image will be here Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs Circuit Design Tools These buttons are used for circuit design tasks WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 98 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Circuit Editor This area is where the circuit is constructed Component Tools These buttons are used to create logic gates and connectors 9 1 Circuit Design Tools Delete Gate Logic Tools Evaluate Circuit Figure 9 2 Circuit design tool buttons Delete Gate Thi
12. c3 104 WATSON PROJECT F GLOSSARY COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Computer Science The study of computation and information processing both in hardware and in software Console A text output device for a computer system Constant A fixed value in a program Data Set A set of data that is available for input Data Structure A way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently Database An information set with a regular structure Dequeue used with queue data structures An item is removed from the front of the queue decreasing the queue size by one Enqueue used with queue data structures An item in put at the end of a queue increasing the queue size by one Execution A computer running an instruction Finite State Machine FSM or Finite State Automaton FSA An abstract machine that has only a finite constant amount of memory The internal states of the machine carry no further structure Function A sequence of code which performs a specific task as part of a larger program and is grouped as one or more statement blocks Functional Programming A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions Gate see Logic Gate Hex see Hexadecimal Hexadecimal often abbreviated hex A base 16 numeral system usually written using the symbols 0 9 and A F WATSON PROJECT GLOSSARY 10 105 WATSON PROJECT F GLOSSARY COMPUTER S
13. dialog box will pop up prompting the user to choose what to change that text to WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LaB 3 29 WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Relations i mE Java Applet Window Figure 3 4 An example of a dialog that pops up upon clicking the red relation text Select your choice of data with which you want to replace the red text and click OK This will update the generic query with the text that you have selected PROJECT CREDITS attribute FROM Courses Figure 3 5 An example project query Once you have updated all the necessary red keywords to match the relation you want to create click OK to save your relation to the List of Relations area List of Relations Students Faculty Cour ses Dds e Grades Delete Relation lt PROJECT CREDITS FROM Courses Figure 3 6 The example Project query in the List Of Relations WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB 3 26 WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Relation Editor Components Editor Pane This area with a yellow background is used to view and modify queries e Project Button This button will allow you to create a new relation table by Projecting attributes columns from an existing relation e Select Button This button will allow you to create a new relation table by Selecting tuples rows from an existing relation where entries in a particular column meet a sp
14. formulas If you make a change in one cell the spreadsheet uses the power of the computer to automatically recalculate and alter every other cell linked to that original cell For business or for home an electronic spreadsheet is an excellent tool for manipulating numbers It executes tedious calculations without error and much faster than can be done by hand WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB 2 18 WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB 2 COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Spreadsheet Lab Layout The Watson Spreadsheet Lab consists of three main areas The first area is the Watson Title Bar which is common to all the Watson Labs The next area is the Cell Table which holds the cell contents for the activities To the right is the Tool Bar area that displays the options available for cell manipulation Watson Spreadsheet Lab m a ES NOMrATArSEA SC SEAL SES SESE RESEDA LSESE REMC RES EAESEMTOC SESE DED SCSE SESE DSL MESE REDS SEATATTE SSC ACAT AEDS MEST DESO SAITTA AEST AC SERS EATS TASS E BBBRBBBISBBBRBBBRBBRBBBBRBBRBRBBRBRBRBBBRBBBBBRBBBBBBBRBBRBRBBRBBBBBBRBBBBBBPBPBBPBBBBNE jc A s s H Eo m m m CNN m m m m m 4 4 4 gt 4 N Sd M Sd N 4 M N ad MN a K E N 4 gt Java Applet Window Figure 2 1 The Interface of the Watson Spreadsheet Lab Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs Equation Editor This allows equation
15. is essential for programming more advanced algorithms to solve more advanced problems in computer science The Watson Data Structures Lab is an introduction to the operation of basic data structures The data structures introduced here are stack queue array list tree These are fundamental data structures in programming The lab will demonstrate what they are and how they operate in a program WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB A 30 WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Data Structures Lab Layout The Watson Data Structures Lab is an introduction to the operation of basic data structures Due to differences in data structures the layout of many activities are different The main areas are console window memory grid temporary variable data object and the dataset Watson Database Lab i J instructions E Gane EE own E Come eros mre n sinner Controls Pop 2 z Java Applet Window Java Applet Window Figure 4 1 The main areas of the Data Structures Lab Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB AJ 31 WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Console window This window shows the previous commands issued Memory usage grid The grid represents the memory in a computer Temporary variables This displays
16. is used to specify a drawing color All subsequent draw commands will use the specified color unless it is changed by another color command Note that the default drawing color is red Once COLOR_NAME is clicked on one of seven colors can be chosen followed by OK to continue Loop Button This button inserts a loop structure into the program Loops are used to repeat a group of statements a fixed number of times They are useful for drawing a series of similar objects and for creating simple animations The main feature of a loop is the COUNTER Once this is clicked on a value can be assigned This value represents the number of iterations the loop will take Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form increment DISTANCE AMOUNT This is used to increase the value of a distance variable by some constant amount Once DISTANCE is clicked on a distance variable can be chosen followed by OK to continue Then click AMOUNT followed by a constant from the keypad and finally OK to continue Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form decrement DISTANCE AMOUNT This is used to decrease the value of a distance variable by some constant amount Once DISTANCE is clicked on a distance variable WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LaB 5 42 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT can be chosen followed by OK to continue Then click AMOUNT followed by a con
17. it from other objects Itis usually represented by several traits each with a specific value The Harry object below is a specific instance of a Person Like every Person Harry has several traits that make him unique Task Let s take a look at the current state of the Harry object by Running the Instance This is done by clicking on the Harry object and selecting Run this Instance from the menu Java Applet Window Figure 7 24 Example Activity Dialog Answer Question Button Once all of the Tutorial Dialogs for an activity have been completed the user is prompted to answer the End of Activity Questions which are shown via a set of three Question Dialogs Each question is displayed at the top of the dialog with the multiple choice answer set being present ed as a set of three radio buttons with text assigned to them Once the user clicks the Submit Answer button the question is checked for cor rectness If the user answered correctly the answer is highlighted in green however an incorrect answer will highlight the correct answer in WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 80 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT red If users do not answer all three questions correctly they are asked to repeat the question set until a 100 correct answer rate is achieved End of Activity Questions Objects are software representations of what Choices O Real world phys
18. table for the NAND gate example in Example 1 of the lab One can see from the truth table that when inputs A and B are set to O low output Z is set to 1 high The truth table arranges the inputs and outputs into columns with each row indicating a possible combination of values Truth Table Figure 9 5 Truth table for a NAND gate WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 100 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Evaluate Circuit This performs a test to determine whether or not the circuit in the circuit editor meets the criteria for the current activity If the circuit is correct the user will receive a message stating that the circuit functions correctly If the circuit is not correct the user will receive a messages stating that the circuit does not meet the requirements for that activity and will also be directed to read the description of the problem again to ensure that the user understands those requirements This function is not available in the Scratch Pad activity WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 101 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 9 2 Circuit Editor m e 0 CC M m Figure 9 6 Image of circuit editor This area displays the circuit currently under construction and the endpoints to which it connects The endpoints may be found on either side of the
19. with a mouse click menu of options to perform on that specific dia gram An Object Diagram displays the object name and the class that it in stantiated from to allow users to see a distinction between instances Figure 7 18 Object Diagram of Harry an object of the class Person Like the Class Diagrams Area the Object Diagrams Area provides the user with a menu of possible actions in the lab to perform by clicking anywhere in the area or on the object The menu that appears when you click anywhere in the Object Diagrams Area except on the actual object diagram itself is called the Object Diagrams Area Menu In addition to this menu another menu pops up after the user clicks directly on the Object Diagram This menu is called the Object Diagrams Menu and displays the options available in association with a single Object Diagram In addition to the regular Object Diagram there is another type of Diagram for Objects the Nested Object Diagram The Nested Object Diagram is simi lar to a regular Object Diagram except that this type of diagram is meant to illustrate class attributes of non basic data types Because these non basic data types are really objects themselves and are instantiated at the same time as the primary object this special diagram represents these non basic data types A Nested Object Diagram does not implement a mouse listener interface so users cannot modify or interact with the diagram Along with displaying the obje
20. 0000 0000 Java amp pplet Window Figure 8 1 The interface for the Watson Assembly Lab Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY Lae 8 83 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Assembly Code This area is used to display the current assembly code Memory This shows the current memory of the machine Registers The values of the registers are displayed here Commands These buttons input commands into the assembly program Program Counter and Instruction Register These are the values of the program counter and the instruction register Execution Controls These buttons control the machine s execution and display Flags The flags are shown to be set or not set WATSON PROJECT ASSEMELY LAB EDI 84 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 8 1 Assembly Code Assembly Code TOTAL BLOCE 1 ABC WORD 2 ONY WORD 43 e LOAD REGD ABC S Loan REGE WXYZ x ADD REGF REGD REGE e STORE REGF TOTAL zs HALT Figure 8 2 The Assembly Code Editor This is the area where the assembly code is displayed The assembly commands are able to control what a computer does Each command has a specific numerical value that is stored in memory When the machine reads that number it knows what operation to execute The corresponding number for each command can be seen in the memory section WATSON PROJE
21. Answer Questions WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 63 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 7 1 Class Diagrams Class Diagrams Area private String name private int age private int height private String farnauszQuate public String getHame public int getagel public int getHeight public String getaGuate 1 Figure 7 02 Class Diagrams Area shown displaying an example class named Person This area is a display window that allows the user to see what classes have been created For each class that has been created a class diagram will be present in the Class Diagrams Area The Class Diagram is the most impor tant visual component of the Watson Object Oriented Programming lab be cause it presents the user with a graphical representation for a core abstract concept Clicking each Class Diagram provides users with menu options for operations in the lab The Class Diagram object is modeled after the UML standard diagram for representing classes The diagram is split into three sections the top section holds the class name and any super class name specification the middle section holds the list of class data members or at tributes and the bottom section holds the list of class methods An exam ple of a functional Class Diagram is shown in Figure 7 02 above In addition if the class inherits the attributes and methods of another class there will be a double colon after the class name f
22. B COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Edit a Method Method Identifier rStatements 7 7 7 7 Name push Sif top lt maxSize Assign Ratum Typa boolean v 2 o top top 1 o If Then Access Type public v data setElement top item o successful true 9 If Eise E Parameters else String item Add g For Loop o successful false Remove A While Loop return successful Local Variables 7 7 7 7 sful Method Call boolean successfu Add HB Return Java Applet Window Figure 7 15 Edit Method Dialog Removing a Method To remove a method click on a method name in the method section of the Class Diagram This will present you with a dialog Choose the option titled Remove This Method This option allows the user to remove the current method from the Class Di agram If the method is an inherited one an error message is displayed saying that this method must be removed in the Class Diagram in which it was defined otherwise the method can be removed successfully Also if there are any sub classes the removal will be propagated down to reflect the removal in the current Class Diagram OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 74 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB
23. CIENCE ASSISTANT Imperative Programming A programming style that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state Instruction Register The part of a CPUs control unit that stores an instruction Internet The publicly available internationally interconnected system of computers plus the information and services they provide to their users Java Applet An applet written in the Java programming language Java applets can run in a web browser or in Sun s applet viewer a stand alone tool to test applets Java An object oriented programming language created by Sun Microsystems JavaScript A scripting language mainly used in web browsers Join used in database systems Allows the user to join two or more relations to perform an action on the new result set Linked List A data structure that consists of a sequence of nodes each containing arbitrary data fields and one or two references links pointing to the next and or previous nodes Linked lists permit insertion and removal of nodes at any point in the list in constant time but do not allow random access Lisp which stands for LISt Processing A programming language oriented towards functional programming Logic Gate An arrangement of electronically controlled switches arranged to calculate operations in boolean algebra Memory The parts of a digital computer that retain physical state data for som
24. COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 7 2 Code Viewer Code Viewer class Person f Class Attributes private String name private int age private int height private String famousGuote if Class Methods public String getName i return mame public int getagel i return age Figure 7 16 Code Viewer showing code from the Person class The Code Viewer shown in Figure 13 displays the generated Java source code for a Class Diagram specified by the user The Code Viewer is updated on several operations within the lab particularly any time a user requests a interactive option from a menu based in a Class Diagram Also the Code Viewer is updated any time the user Runs an Instance of an object This code is not editable from this window It is only meant to show you what the complete class code will look like 7 3 Object Diagrams Object Diagrams Area Figure 7 17 Object Diagrams area shown an example object The Object Diagrams Area shown in Figure 7 17 contains the instantiated objects used in the current exercise Instances of a class objects are visu WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB eal 75 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT ally represented by an Object Diagram and these diagrams are added from left to right The Object Diagram helps users visualize an instance of a class The diagram also loosely follows the UML standard notation and provides users
25. CT ASSEMELY LAB EDI 85 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Navigating the SLED Editor The SLED editor displays the code for the assembly program being worked on Usually all that is needed to create a program is to click on the command buttons and then select their options by clicking on them in the editor Sometimes a user may want to move around in the program To do this click on the left side of the editor above the target line Notice that the large triangle is now pointing to the line To delete a line click on the circle to the left and confirm the deletion in the dialog box Assembly Code TOTAL BLUEDE 1 ABC WORD 2 SX WORD 3 S LOAD REGD ABC 2 LOAD REGE XYZ b ADD REGF BEGD REGE STORE REGF TOTAL HALT Figure 8 3 Moving the cursor in SLED WATSON PROJECT ASSEMELY LAB EDI 86 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAE COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Creating A Simple Program Let s create a simple program to add two numbers Click on the Word button to make a new variable Click on label and type in ABC Click on const and select decimal Type in 123 Next repeat this to make DEF Click on const and select hexadecimal Type in AB ag a oY Ek E M E Humeric Entry Pad Assembly Code MI s WORD const cele e fw e Lo Le Je Jia 9m A e Ls Lr Lv EAEE Lv z fe sj 2 Jas Pais ds JE ds Es EN Figure 8 4 Figure 8 5 Ass
26. E ASSISTANT 8 3 Registers Registers 0000 0000 0000 ooga O 0000 0000 0000 0000 Figure 8 16 The general registers These are the machine s registers The values for the registers change only when new values are loaded into them To load a value into a specific register just insert the command to load the value and specify the register it is to be loaded into and the value to be loaded WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB EDI 9 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 8 4 Commands Word Black Halt Load Loadimm Loadind store storelnd And Add subtract Or ASL ASR Hot Compare Branch Jump Figure 8 17 The command buttons These buttons are used to program the assembly code By pressing the button the lab will input the code for that command into the assembly code window Each button represents a different command Word Button Allows a variable to be added to the program The name label can be replaced by a valid variable name The initial value can also be set LABEL WORD CONST Block Button This allocates a block of memory to be used for data instead of instructions The size of the block is specified by the number of words LABEL BLOCK NUM Halt Button Stops the current programs execution HALT Load Button Loads the labeled value into the specified register LOAD REG LABEL WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB EDI 92 WATSON PR
27. IENCE ASSISTANT Chapter O Introduction to Watson This chapter provides an overview of the Watson project and its suite of labs A brief history of the project along with acknowledgments to the many people who have contributed their time and talents to Watson are also included in this chapter 0 1 Overview Watson is a collection of eight interactive laboratories designed to introduce freshmen to many of the key concepts that form the core of computer science The first two Watson labs provide exposure to two common applications Spreadsheets and Databases The Data Structures lab focuses on the organization of data at the program level Next fundamental programming concepts are introduced through a sequence of three labs a simple Graphics programming lab a JavaScript based programming lab and an object oriented programming lab Machine organization and the basics of computer hardware design are explored in the final two labs Assembly Language and Digital Logic All Watson labs support a single common interface that minimizes keyboard input allowing students to concentrate on problem solving tasks rather than spending their time trying to master the complexities of multiple user interfaces The Watson labs are written in Java so they can run in most modern web browsers requires installation of Sun s Java Runtime Environment available free of charge from http www java com The labs can also be run from our auto loadin
28. JECT GLOSSARY c3 108 Appendix B System Requirements For Watson Interactive Laboratories The Watson Interactive Laboratories use Java 1 4 Windows Windows 9x or better Apple Mac OS X 2 or better Linux 222 109 Appendix C Credits 110
29. Lee Falta Michael Gaudet Dr Gary Klein Josh Kleinpeter Dr Barry Kurtz Jeff Matocha Unmesh S Mayekar Dr Mike O Neal Alex Ramos Dr Louis Roemer Vinay Shivaiah Sameer Singh Charlie Stear and Mark Williamson During the second phase of Watson development Josh Kleinpeter was my right hand man He was the first person to assist me with use of the labs in the classroom setting Plus he did an excellent job keeping the C SUIT prototypes running well beyond the point at which they should have been retired The developers for the second phase of Watson include e Chris Dickenson Gene Rogers Chris Plock and Dave Muse Imperative e Mike O Neal Graphics and Watson Java Toolkit e Chris Plock Josh Kleinpeter and Dave Muse Database e Heather Richards Digital Logic e Jeff Rugg Spreadsheets and Data Structures e Ben VanWagner Assembly e Kasoum Gioul portions of the Spreadsheet code e Jon J Walker mouse oriented editor in Graphics Jayson Calloway Cai Hong and Byren Vaughn helped prototype a number of these Java based labs My right hand man for the third phase of Watson has been Cliff Lemoine Cliff was invaluable in helping me to restart Watson development after a three year lull resulting from my spending time in industry Cliff helped tutor students in my CSC 100 classes maintained the Phase II labs and developed the object oriented lab for Phase III WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 12
30. OJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT LoadImm Button The register is loaded with the value specified in CONST For unsigned numbers CONST must be between 0 and 255 inclusive LOADIMM REG CONST LoadInd Button The first register is loaded with the value stored in the memory location whose address is held in the second register LOADIND REG REG Store Button The value held in the first register in stored in the memory location whose address is held in the second register STORE REG LABEL StoreInd Button Stores the value in another register STOREIND REG REG And Button Performs a bitwise AND of the 2 and 3 registers and stores the result in the 1 register AND REG REG REG Add Button Adds the values in the 2 and 3 registers the result is stored in the 1 register ADD REG REG REG Subtract Button Subtracts the value in the 3 register from the 2 register the result is stored in the 1 register SUBTRACT REG REG REG WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB EDI 93 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Or Button Performs a bitwise OR of the 2 and 3 registers and stores the result in the 1 register OR REG REG REG ASL Button Arithmetic Shift Left A copy is placed in the 1 register and the shifted value is placed in the 2 register The left shift inserts O s on the right ASL REG REG BITS ASR Button Arithmetic Shift Right A copy is placed in the 1 reg
31. ON This button prompts the user and waits for input The input is then assigned to the variable and substitutes for IDENTIFIER e While Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form while BOOLEAN EXPRESSION 1 This button will insert a WHILE loop in the program The user must supply the test condition for the loop to operate with For Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form for ID EXPR ID lt EXPR ID ID 1 3 This button will create a FOR loop in the program The user must supply the initial condition of the loop the stopping condition and the iteration command for the loop to operate with e If Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form if BOOLEAN EXPRESSION This button will create an IF statement in the program The user must supply the test condition for the statement WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT Las 6 a WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT If Else Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form if BOOLEAN EXPRESSION else This button will create an IF Else statement in the program The user must supply both the test conditions for the statement e Function Button This button will allow the user to both define functions and to call them A function must be defined before it can be called Once the user clicks this button they can either declare a function o
32. T LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 6 1 Code Window Code Window MainProgram war temp float 7 IDENTIFIER EXPRESSION document write EXPRESSION Es ci BOOLEAN EXPRESSION Ws document write EXPRESSION ur Figure 6 2 Code Window Program Code Pane This area with a white background is used to view edit statements and assign values to variables Remove Statements To remove statements from the Program Code window click once on the small circle located to the left of the statement or statement block The code to be deleted will highlight red WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6l 54 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Insert Statements To insert statements into the Program Code window above the current cursor position small black arrow click to the left of the vertical line at the position where the new code is to be placed In the figure below clicking on the position of the small red circle will place the cursor at that position 7 MainProgram var temp float IDENTIFIER EXPRESSION document write EXPRESSION if BOOLEAN EXPRESSION px a document write EXPRESSION zn gt Figure 6 3 Insert Statements WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6l 55 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 6 2 Command Bar Variable Assign Writeln Prom if Then if Else Function Hilt ls
33. T LAB 6l 51 WATSON PROJECT i JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT JavaScript Lab Layout The Watson JavaScript Lab consists of five main areas The first area is the Watson Title Bar which is common to all the Watson Labs The next area is the Code Window which allows for the creation display and editing of program statements The next area is the Command Bar which contains all of the controls for generating code in the Code Window Next there is the Program Output window which displays any output defined in the Code Window Below that is the Variables window used to display information about the variables used in the program Java Applet window Figure 6 1 The interface of the Watson JavaScript Lab Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB gi 52 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Code Window This area shows the code as it is being designed by the user It also allows the user to define values for variables create loops and functions etc Command Bar This area contains all of the controls used in the Lab Program Output This area shows the output of the program in the Code Window Variables This area is used to display variables used by the Code Window programs The variable name type and scope level are displayed WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6l 53 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIP
34. The Class Diagrams Area Menu This menu will allow you to create a new class view class code or remove an existing class from the diagram area WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB rA 65 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Creating a New Class To create a new class click anywhere in the class diagram area in blue ex cept for the class diagram itself You will be presented with a menu Choose Create a New Class from this menu and click OK This option allows the user to create a new Class Diagram for use in the ac tivity Upon selecting this option the user is presented with a New Class Di alog shown in Figure 7 05 which allows the user to name the new class as well as set a class to extend from used in the Inheritance activity primarily New Class Dialog Class Extends lt NONE gt Java Applet Window Figure 7 05 New Class Dialog Upon the user s clicking OK several naming convention checks are per formed on the user entered name Once these checks pass a new Class Di agram is placed in the Class Diagrams Area Viewing Class Code To create a new class click anywhere in the class diagram area in blue ex cept for the class diagram itself You will be presented with a menu Choose View Class Code from this menu and click OK This option provides the user with a mechanism for viewing the generated source code from a Class Diagram in the Code V
35. The Watson Labs Hts pce rpg EArt User Manual WATSON PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Table Of Contents O Introduction To Watson 0 1 Overview 0 2 The Watson Labs 0 3 History of Watson 0 4 Acknowledgments 1 General Watson Features 1 1 Activity Page 1 2 Watson Title Bar 2 Spreadsheet Lab 2 1 Cell Table 2 2 Tool bar 3 Database Lab 3 1 Relation Editor 3 2 Contents of Relation 3 3 List Of Relations 4 Data Structures Lab 4 1 Console Window 4 2 Memory Usage Grid 4 3 Temporary Variables 4 4 Data Object 4 5 Datasets 4 6 Data Structures Overview 5 Graphics Lab 5 1 Variable Declarations 5 2 Program Code 5 3 Drawing Window 5 4 Code Execution Controls WATSON PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS ea i 2 WATSON PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 6 JavaScript Lab 6 1 Code Window 6 2 Command Bar 6 3 Program Output Window 6 4 Variables Window 7 Object Oriented Lab 7 1 Class Diagrams 7 2 Code Viewer 7 3 Object Diagrams 7 4 Lab Controls Panel 8 Assembly Lab 8 1 Assembly Code 8 2 Memory 8 3 Registers 8 4 Commands 8 5 Program Counter And Instruction Register 8 6 Execution Controls 8 7 Flags 9 Digital Logic Lab 9 1 Circuit Design Tools 9 2 Circuit Editor 9 3 Component Tools Appendix A Glossary Appendix B System Requirements Appendix C Credits WATSON PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS EDI 3 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SC
36. Vcl X Y RADIUS Assign Draw Erase Color Loop F Cancel WS Enter upto 3 digits Java Applet Window OOOO Java Applet Window Figure 5 8 X and Y coordinates Figure 5 9 Numeric entry pad Program Code Program Code cl 150 Y RADIUS Assign cl 150 150 RADIUS Assign Draw Draw Erase Erase Color Color Loop Loop n d Java Applet window Java Applet window Figure 5 10 X is entered Figure 5 11 Radius must be entered WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB 5 44 WATSON PROJECT COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT GRAPHICS LAB You must choose a radius value for your circle Click RADIUS to continue Once you have entered a value you can move on Click OK to continue Now that you have the values for the circle you can draw it Click the Draw Button to continue You need to tell the draw function which object to draw Click OBJECT to continue Choose c1 to continue Click OK to continue Program Code Vcl 150 150 50 Assign Draw Erase Color Loop Java Applet window Figure 5 13 Statement for circle Click the Run Button to draw the circle Program Code cl 150 150 50 draw OBJECT Assign Draw Erase Color Loop dem Java Applet window Figure 5 14 Object must be selected Watson Graphics Lab Home Whatis Variable Declarations LAB o Instructions j exit E Draw
37. activity and click Launch to load that particular activity including the Scratch Pad A summary of the activity is displayed on the right WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES gpI 14 WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 1 2 Watson Title Bar Figure 1 2 Watson Title Bar This tool bar allows the user to choose a new activity discover the function of a particular area of the lab reveal the activity instructions or exit the lab This is the first page a user will see when a Watson lab is first started Home Button This button returns the user to the activities screen described above What is Button This button can be used to discover the function of each of the components of the lab Click this button followed by another button you want a description of Instructions Button This button will show the Activity Description Pane if it is hidden See the next section for a description of the Activity Description Pane Exit Button This button exits the current lab WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES REB 15 WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 1 3 Activity Description Pane Activity Description This is an unstructured scratehpad activity that you can use ta become familiar with the capahilities af the Watson Graphics Lab Feel free to play around by z drawing objects interactively or by writing programs with the
38. adth of concept coverage through the use of a suite of independent labs and depth of coverage within individual labs by careful attention to the pedagogical content of individual lab activities were established early on The original suite of labs included a simple spreadsheet a relational database a data structures lab a graphics based programming WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 6 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT environment an imperative programming environment a functional programming environment a Finite State Automata lab an assembly language and machine architecture lab and a digital logic lab These labs were implemented in C and used the SUIT Simple User Interface Toolkit libraries for cross platform compatibility While these prototypes established the viability of the Watson approach to introductory computer science education they were not robust enough to be used outside of a closed laboratory environment with extensive student assistance provided by instructors and lab monitors In fact the Project Director s candid assessment of the original implementation of Watson would be buggy as hell This should not be surprising given the goals of the project its groundbreaking nature and limited funding Additionally the interface provided by the labs were not very attractive nor intuitive Phase II 1996 1998 By the mid 1990 s it became apparent that W
39. aphical representation of classes will appear The third area the Code Viewer is a display area for showing the code that the class contains Fourth there is an area for Object Diagrams where each instance of a class will appear beneath its class diagram Lastly the Lab Controls Panel consists of a group of buttons from which you can access the labs structured activities and end of activity questions Watson Object Oriented Lab woe a 8 Class Diagrams Area private String name private int age private int height private String famous Quote public String getName public int get amp ge public int getHeightr public String getQuoter Java Applet Window Figure 7 01 Object Oriented Lab Interface WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB eal 62 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs Class Diagrams This area presents a graphical representation of the classes that have been created along with methods and attributes associated with that class Code Viewer The code for each class will be displayed in this window Object Diagrams This area contains diagrams of instances of classes that appear in the Class Diagrams area e Lab Controls Panel This area contains the two buttons you will use to begin an activity and answer the questions necessary to move on to the next section Start Activity Here and
40. apparent 1 Since the labs had been written in the very early days of Java they were no longer stable on modern Java environments 2 The look of the labs had become outdated since they were not built with Swing components 3 The pedagogical content embodied in the Imperative lab was no longer as appropriate as it had been in the mid 1990 s and 4 The fact that Watson contained zero coverage of object oriented programming concepts had become a serious omission Additionally the uncompleted textbook could not simply be finished as sections of it needed to be rewritten to reflect the changes in the field from the mid late 1990 s to the early 2000 s Furthermore since the textbook and the labs are interrelated any changes to the labs required similar changes to the text The Project Director began restarting Watson development in 2002 He recruited a graduate student Cliff Lemoine to help maintain the Phase II labs and to design and develop an object oriented programming lab In the Summer of 2002 he made some inroads into updating the textbook During the Spring of 2003 he applied to the National Science foundation for funding to fully launch Phase III Though the proposal reviews were generally strong the NSF ultimately declined the application Oh well Watson is not so easily killed So in the tradition of Watson the Project Director embarked on Phase III He recruited a bright team of undergraduates and with nothing but Ind
41. atements Assign Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form VARIABLE EXPRESSION This is used to assign a value to a particular variable Once a variable has been created by clicking the appropriate button click on VARIABLE choose the variable then click OK to continue Depending on which type of variable being used there will be different fields that require values These consist of X Y and RADIUS values Once one of these values is clicked on either a constant or a distance can be assigned for the value constants being defined using the keypad The distance is useful for loops as it can be incremented Draw Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form draw OBJECT This is used to display an object of type Point Line Circle or Polygon in the Drawing Window The object must be fully defined before it can be drawn Once OBJECT is clicked on a defined object can be selected followed by OK to continue WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 4 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Erase Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form erase OBJECT This is used to erase an object of type Point Line Circle or Polygon from the Drawing Window Once OBJECT is clicked on a defined object can be selected followed by OK to continue Color Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form color COLOR_NAME This
42. atson needed a total rewrite in order to become a viable teaching tool After several years of continuous classroom use resulting in feedback from hundreds of students the Project Director had a very clear idea of what worked and what didn t Furthermore the emergence of Java and explosion of web technologies offered the hope of a stable cross platform environment for Watson Given that NSF funding had expired at this point the Project Director set about the bold task of designing and implementing Watson in Java Since very few Java based tools or libraries existed at the time combined with the fact that Java itself was rapidly evolving the Project Director began by building up a Watson Java Toolkit of common components such as choice selectors numeric entry pads and even low level primitives such as Watson Buttons Once these were in place he redesigned the graphics lab based on student feedback from the Phase I version He then coded the lab and thoroughly debugged it The graphics lab thus served as a template for all Watson Phase II labs Given this template students were offered independent study classes in which they would re implement a Phase I lab using the toolkit and graphics WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 7 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT lab as a guide Some of the labs such as spreadsheet database assembly and digital logic incorpo
43. bject Diagrams and placed into the Object Diagrams Area container If there are multiple classes present just like with previous operations the user will be prompted to choose which class an instance will be created for WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 TI WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Which Class to View EJ wo M Cancel Java Applet Window Figure 7 21 Dialog prompting for which class to instantiate Removing an Object Diagram To remove and object diagram click anywhere inside the Object Diagrams Area and choose Remove an Object Diagram from the menu that appears This option similar to the Remove a Class Diagram operation allows users to remove an Object Diagram that is currently in the Object Diagrams Area Any Nested Object Diagrams associated with this Object Diagram will also be removed 7 3 2 Object Diagrams Menu Along with the basic information an Object Diagram provides a menu of op tions consisting of three choices Run this Instance View Class Code and Remove this Instance The View Class Code and Remove this Instance op tions perform as described in earlier sections and will not be discussed here The following figure is of the Object Diagram Menu that is displayed upon a mouse click on an Object Diagram Object Diagram Menu Run this Instance iew Class Code Remove this Instance Cancel Figure 7 22 Object Diagram Men
44. ct name and data type the Nested Object Diagram also displays which Object Diagram it is associated with so that multiple instances of a particular class can be differentiated The figure below illustrates a Nested Object Diagram alongside its parent Object Diagram WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 76 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Figure 7 19 Nested Object Diagram Example 7 3 1 Object Diagrams Area Menu The base menu for the Object Diagrams Area shown in Figure 7 18 allows the user just two options Create an Instance and Remove an Object Dia gram Both of these functionalities and user interaction constraints will be discussed in the section entitled Object Diagrams Area Menu Object Diagrams Area Menu Create an Instance Remove an Object Diagram Cancel Java Applet Window Figure 7 20 Object Diagrams Area Menu Creating an Instance To create an instance click anywhere inside the Object Diagrams Area and choose Create an Instance from the menu that appears This option allows users to create a new Object Diagram from a Class Dia gram by using a Constructor Dialog Similar to the New Class Dialog a Con structor Dialog Figure 7 08 allows users to enter a name for the Object Di agram which is verified against the naming conventions upon clicking the OK button Once the name passes the naming checks a new Object Dia gram is created along with any Nested O
45. dialog box prompting for the name of the new object to be created will appear Constructor Constructor Object Name i Java Applet Window Figure 7 08 the constructor dialog Once you enter a name for the object and click OK an instance of this object will be created and an Object Diagram representing that instance will appear in the Object Diagrams Area Adding a New Attribute To add an attribute to a class go to the Class Diagram Menu and select Add OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 68 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT a New Attribute This will bring up a new window shown in figure 7 09 where you can specify the name the data type and the access type of the new object Add a New Attribute Attribute Identifier Name O Data Type int ww Access Type private bul o Cancel Java Applet Window Figure 7 09 The Add a New Attribute Window You are able to select from three predefined data types int integer Boolean either true or false or String group of text characters In addition to these predefined types you are able to specify that your attribute is a type of class Any classes that are listed in the Class Diagram Area will be available as a data type In choosing an access type you may choose public private or protected Inheritance poses a special pr
46. e First we must select the object type that we want to draw in this case a polygon Click Polygon to continue Variable Declarations olygon gl Distance Point Line Polygon eb Circle Figure 5 18 The polygon defined You draw a polygon by clicking once for each point in the polygon The last point must also be the position of the first Click anywhere in the Drawing Window to continue Drawing Window Drawing Window 227 x81 Figure 5 19 The first line Figure 5 20 The second line WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 48 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT You can then click anywhere for the next point to be drawn in this example we are going to draw a triangle so click anywhere in the Drawing Window to continue The last point must be in the same area as the first Click the first point to continue Watson Graphics Lab m m Home whatis _ Vy AT ANF GRAFICS LAG instructions Exit E Variable Declarations olygon gl Distance Point 153x233 Line Polygon Circle Program Code 162 233 86 151 198 94 162 233 draw gl Program Execution Controls ma wu noe Java Applet Window Figure 5 21 The triangle with the code produced 5 4 Code Execution Controls Program Execution Controls Sk Sl Figure 5 22 Code Execution Con
47. e interval of time Method Another name for an action algorithm function or procedure WATSON PROJECT GLOSSARY c3 106 WATSON PROJECT F GLOSSARY COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT more specifically in object oriented programming it is an implementation of code responding to certain messages Object A language supported mechanism for binding data tightly with methods that operate on that data Pop used with stack data structures The top item is taken from the stack decreasing stack size by one In the case where there was no top item i e the stack was empty a stack underflow occurs Program Counter A register in a computer processor which indicates where the computer is in its instructions Project used in database systems Allows the user to select attributes from a relation Push used with stack data structures An item is put on top of the stack increasing the stack size by one As stack size is usually limited this may provoke a stack overflow if the maximum size is exceeded Queue A First In First Out FIFO data structure in which the first element in the queue will be the first one out Register A small amount of very fast computer memory used to speed the execution of computer programs by providing quick access to commonly used values Relational Database A collection of data items organized as a set of formally described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many diff
48. ecified condition e Join Button This button will allow you to create a new relation table by Joining two existing relations over a common field e OK Button This button will display the contents of the relation that is defined by the current query It will also give the relation a name and save it in the List of Relations so that it may be reviewed at a later time e Clear Button This button can be used to cancel your work on the current query It clears only the current query None of the relations in the List of Relations is affected This button could come in handy if you discover that you have made a mistake expressing the current query and wish to start it over WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB 3 21 WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 3 2 Contents of Relation Contents of Relation Students oP ANE AGE MAIOR ID SEX ADDRESS CITY STATE Anderson B 18 ics 55555501 M 101 RaocketWWay Atlantis CA i B Barmes D 7 MATH 55555502 F 1402 ElfLane Ruston LA B Bronson P 26 MATH 55555503 M1 Web Master Ruston LA BrooksD he cS 55555604 F 900 Baird Street Dallas TX Garrett D 20 Psy 55555505 M BGB Consulting Dallas TX Howard M 21 ics 55555506 M 5 Scarborough Dallas TX HueyB 18 cs 85555507 Ft Historie Place Jackson MS KleinpeterJ 24 CS 56555608 M B WalsonLane Ruston LA Figure 3 3 The contents of relation p
49. ejt in inni Figure 6 4 The Command Bar Variable Button This button will create a new variable The user must choose the name and type of the variable The name can be chosen by clicking on id then typing in a string for the name The type is chosen by clicking on TYPES then select one of the types from the menu followed by OK Assign Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form VARIABLE EXPRESSION This is used to assign a value to a particular variable Once a variable has been created by clicking the appropriate button click on VARIABLE choose the variable then click OK to continue Depending on which type of variable being used there will be different fields that require values WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6 56 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Write Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form document write EXPRESSION This button will output the value of the EXPRESSION to the Program Output window It will not create a new line after the write e Writeln Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form document writeln EXPRESSION This button will output the value of the EXPRESSION to the Program Output window Unlike the Write function it will create a new line after the write Prompt Button This button inserts into the program a statement of the form IDENTIFIER prompt EXPRESSION EXPRESSI
50. embly Code WORD const Java Applet Window Figure 8 6 Figure 8 7 Assembly Code ABC WORD 123 I DEF WORD xB Figure 8 8 Click on Load and select register A and load into it ABC Click on Load again WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY Las 8 87 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT and select register B and load into it DEF f Watson Assembly Lab Home Whatis Assembly Code xAB reg label Figure 8 9 Assembly Code Choice Selection Panel gt ABC WORD T3 DEF WORD xAB sd LOAD PREGA label Cancel Java Applet Window Figure 8 10 Figure 8 11 A Watson Assembly Lab Figure 8 12 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB EDI 88 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Click on Add and select register C to store it and add registers A and B together Click on Halt to finish Click Base 2 16 to make it easier to read Watson Assembly Lab Home What is P Assembly Code Memory ABC WORD 123 00 7B DEF WORD xX AB 0001 A B e LOAD FEGA ABC 0002 1A 0 0 o L AD REGB DEF 0003 1B 0 1 ADD REGC FECA REGE 0004 5 C A B y HALT 0005 Foon 0006 0000 Figure 8 13 Click run and notice how the contents of register A and B have been added and stored in register C m Watson Assembly Lab m o WORD 123 WORD xAB LOAD REGA LOAD REGB ADD REGC HALT
51. ependent Study credit in his pocket and pushed forward with Phase III WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 9 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT The Phase III team was able to build on a Swing based Watson platform implemented in 1999 by a former graduate student Don Garrett together with a nearly complete implementation of the graphics lab Don wrote The Phase III team made rapid progress re implementing several of the labs From December 2003 through February 2004 database assembly and digital logic were ported Data structures and JavaScript were begun From March 2004 to May 2004 the spreadsheet lab was successfully ported During this time the data structures rewrite was completed and the initial implementation of the object oriented lab was finished A Watson Database Lab m o E3 ED Instructions Ext Database programs such as Microsoft Access are popular end user applications that allow people to organize large quantities of data in ways that make it easy ta answer questions about that data All modern database programs are based on the relational database model which organizes logically related data into tables These tables which are known as relations are subdivided inta rows and calumns Each calumn ar attribute of a relation keeps up with a particular kind of data Each row or tuple of a relation holds all of the data about a particular entity
52. erent ways without having to reorganize the database tables Scope Refers to where and when in a program the identifier can be referenced Select used in database systems Allows the user to specify a query as a description of the desired result set GLOSSARY c3 107 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT F GLOSSARY COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Spreadsheet A rectangular table or grid of information often financial information Stack A Last in First Out LIFO data structure in which the last element in the stack will be the first one out Tree A widely used computer data structure that emulates a tree structure with a set of linked nodes Each node has zero or more child nodes which are below it in the tree in computer science unlike in nature trees grow down not up The node of which a node is a child is called its parent node A child has at most one parent a node without a parent is called the root node or root Nodes with no children are called leaf nodes Truth Table A kind of mathematical table used in logic to determine whether an expression is true or whether an argument is valid Variable A way to store data that can be changed Web Browser A software package that enables a user to display and interact with information over the Internet Definitions are from http en wikipedia org wiki Main Page http searchdatabase techtarget com sDefinition O sid13 qci212885 00 html WATSON PRO
53. f you want to swap the computers then you will need a temporary third location to store one computer while the other is moved Then the computer in the temporary location can be moved to the empty desk This is exactly how the temporary variable works but instead of computers it stores data WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES Las 4 33 WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 4 4 Data Object Console Endquewue June May April Controls 2 IE F T AORERE Enqueue Dequeue IB L l Figure 4 5 The data object The data object displays a graphical representation of a particular data structure In this example it displays a queue The elements of the queue are labeled in the boxes There are also front and rear pointers that point to the front and rear of the queue The console window is in this area and shows the processes which were applied to the queue 4 5 Datasets 3rd Floor 1st Floor oth Floor th Floor 2nd Floor 5th Floor Sth Floor 16th Floor 6th Floor fth Floor Figure 4 6 The dataset display The data set is where all possible entries are located These data items can be selected by clicking on them Usually this will move the data item to the temporary variable location to be placed into a data structure 4 6 Data Structures Overview The different data structures in this lab are
54. g CD on Windows Linux and Mac platforms Extensive documentation is provided to support the Watson labs including this user s manual and a complete set of interactive tutorials For more information or to get your copy of the labs visit http watson latech edu INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 4 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 0 2 The Watson Labs The current incarnation of Watson includes eight labs While each of these labs incorporates a common user interface the individual labs address subject matter ranging from common applications to digital logic A brief description of each lab follows e Spreadsheet Manipulate numeric data and equations to perform calculations and solve what if type problems e Database Retrieve information from a relational database using the select project and join operators e Data Structures Learn about the behavior of common data structures such as stacks queues lists and trees e Graphics Programming Create graphical images and animations using a simple graphics programming language e JavaScript Programming Expand your knowledge of programming with this JavaScript based lab e Object Oriented Programming Explore the world of objects classes methods inheritance and message passing e Assembly Language Programming Write programs at the lowest levels and understand their operation in terms of 1 s and O s
55. ical objects O Abstract concepts C2 Both of the above Previous Question Submit Answer Next Question Java Applet Window Figure 7 25 Example Question Dialog WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 81 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 8 Assembly Lab Concept Overview Assembly language programming is one of the lowest levels of programming a machine In assembly language the programmer has a limited set of instructions to work with for the specific machine that he is programming This is different from other high level languages which translates code into assembly which in turn is translated into binary The programmer has more control over the computer programming in assembly than he would in other high level languages Assembly programs also have a higher probability to be more efficient when done correctly but this comes at the cost of the code is very difficult to understand and it is difficult to maintain Assembly programming offers a 1 to 1 mapping of assembly instructions to machine instructions Due to this 1 to 1 mapping assembly programming is closely tied to the capabilities of the machines CPUs being programmed This lab gives an overview to the low level Assembly programming language using the Watson Virtual Machine WVM The WVM has the following specifications 16 32 bit registers 256 32 bit memory locations CPU with 16 machine level instructions
56. iewer This option appears in practically all of the mouse click menus and the functionality of displaying code in the Code Viewer is a default operation for practically all other opera tions performed in the lab For example when a user edits an attribute or method the code for the updated Class Diagram is automatically displayed without having to ask the user to explicitly view the class code WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 66 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Removing a Class Diagram To remove a class click anywhere in the class diagram area in blue except for the class diagram itself You will be presented with a menu Choose Re move a Class Diagram from this menu and click OK This option allows the user to remove a user created Class Diagram from the Class Diagrams Area The sole limitation on this operation is that lab de fined Class Diagrams the diagrams that are loaded by default for each activ ity are not to be removed This limitation will prevent a user from restart ing an activity after accidentally removing a diagram needed to complete the tutorial set Upon removal of the Class Diagram any Object Diagrams and associated Nested Object Diagrams created from this class will also be removed from the Object Diagrams Area to prevent the users from running an instance of a class no longer present in the lab environment If you choose to either view the class code or
57. incorporated this look into the web and printed documentation they developed As of May 2004 the Project Director is once again in the process of applying to the National Science Foundation for funds These funds are needed to complete development of the JavaScript lab provide critically needed Support for ongoing software maintenance and to help finish the companion textbook 0 4 Acknowledgments The number of faculty members and students who have contributed to the Watson Project over the years is truly amazing Below I have attempted to provide a comprehensive list of those who have made Watson possible The first person I would like to thank is Barry Kurtz Watson would not exist without him Barry came up with the original idea for a suite of labs to support a breadth first introduction to computing and then proceeded to convince me of both the value and feasibility of this approach Barry was also the driving force behind convincing the National Science Foundation to initially fund the project During the first phase of the Watson project Don Garrett and Alex Ramos were key members of the team Don and Alex implemented the library of shared code that was central to the original C SUIT lab prototypes Other individuals who contributed to the development of this phase of Watson WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 11 WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT include Pat Bronson
58. ing Window ES Distance Point Line Polygon Circle Program Code 9 cl 150 150 50 drawicl Assign Draw Erase Color Loop n net OO Program Execution Controls WATSON PROJECT RAPHICS LAB 5 45 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Figure 5 16 Program after it is ran WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 46 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 5 3 Drawing Window Drawing Window Figure 5 17 The Drawing Window This is the window where the code in the Code Window is translated into graphics and displayed This window also allows the user to create images interactively by selecting the object to be drawn using the buttons located in the Variable Declarations area and then clicking on the location of the objects in the drawing window See section 5 3 1 below Note that when the mouse is passed over this window the coordinates are shown in the top right The coordinates are referenced with 0 0 being the bottom left corner This feature allows for precise placing of graphics WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 47 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Interactive Drawing Example You can draw an object interactively by selecting the object type and clicking in the Drawing Window once for each point of the object In this example we will draw a triangl
59. ircuit Editor Connector Button This allows a user to place a connector anywhere in the Circuit Editor WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 103 WATSON PROJECT GLOSSARY COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 10 Glossary Applet A small program that runs in the context of a larger program on a client computer Arithmetic Shift A shift in the binary representation of a number Array A data structure that holds a fixed number of elements Assembly A human readable notation for the machine language that a specific computer architecture uses Assembly Program A program written in assembly code Attribute A data item within an object Base 2 see Binary Base 16 see Hexadecimal Binary base 2 A numeral system for representing numbers in which a base of two is used that is each digit in a binary numeral may have either of two different values Typically the symbols O and 1 are used to represent binary numbers Boolean Algebras Algebraic structures which capture the essence of the logical operations AND OR and NOT Class Describes the rules by which objects behave those objects described by a particular class are known as instances of said class Code Any type of program that can be read by a human Computer Graphics The field of synthesizing or augmenting imagery through digital means for artistic engineering recreational or scientific purposes WATSON PROJECT GLOSSARY
60. ister and the shifted value is placed in the 2 register The right shift inserts O s on the left ASR REG REG BITS Not Button The complement of the 2 register is stored in the 1 register NOT REG REG Compare Button The 2 register is subtracted from the 1 register and the flags are set based on this operation COMPARE REG REG Branch Button The program counter will change based upon a condition BRANCH COND ADDRESS The conditions are recognized LT less than LE less than or equal to GT greater than GE greater than or equal to EQ equal NE not equal WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB EDI 94 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Jump Button Changes the program counter to the indicated value Commands beginning at the new value will start to be executed JUMP ADDRESS 8 5 Program Counter And Instruction Register 1 Program Counter 0000 1000 Instruction Register 1110 0000 0000 1000 i Figure 8 18 The program counter l The program counter stores the address of the next instruction to be executed By default after an instruction is executed the instruction register fetches the instruction at the location of the program counter and the program counter is incremented by one A value can be loaded into the program counter and new instructions will come from that location in memory The instruction register stores the current instruction at the
61. m Watson Database Lab J I Java Applet Window Figure 3 1 The interface of the Watson Database Lab Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs Relation Editor Area used for building new queries to generate intermediate relations WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LaB 3 24 WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Contents of Relation This area contains the data of the current working relation List of Relations This area contains relations currently usable by the editor 3 1 Relation Editor Relation Editor OK PROJECT attribute 1 FROM relation owl Clear a a a a Figure 3 2 The relation editor This area of the screen is used to construct relational queries You are able to edit a query by clicking one of the three buttons at the bottom Project Select or Join A generic query will appear in the editor pane depending on whether you clicked Project Select or Join you clicked PROJECT attribute 1 FROM Figure 3 3 The editor pane with a generic Project query Click on the red text in order to assign a specific value to that portion of the query The first field that must be completed is the RELATION field Expres sions that have a variable number of fields such as Project will automatical ly expand as they are completed to provide as many fields as necessary to express the query Each time that you click text that has been highlighted in red a
62. memory location referenced by the program counter 8 6 Execution Controls Execution Controls omn Wak Basean Figure 8 19 The execution commands Run Button This button runs the program WATSON PROJECT ASSEMELY LAB EDI 95 WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Walk Button This walks through program one command at a time Base 2 16 Button Changes display from binary to hex and vice versa 8 7 Flags Hags Carry Flag l Hegatie Flay 0 Zera Flag I Overflow Flag Figure 8 20 The flags The flags are boolean values they can be either true or false When a flag is set to O it is false and when a flag is set to 1 it is true Carry Flag This flag shows if there is a carry in the machine Negative Flag This flag shows if the last operation produced a negative number Zero Flag This flag shows if the last operation resulted in a zero Overflow Flag This flag shows if the last operation resulted in an overflow This happens when the result of an operation is too large WATSON PROJECT ASSEMBLY LAB EDI 96 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 9 Watson Digital Logic Lab Lab Concept Overview This lab examines how computer hardware can be constructed While the details necessary to build a complete computer even one as simple as the Watson Virtual Machine
63. nd concepts is key to continued advancement and employment A solid foundation in one of the current tools available object oriented programming could aide a graduate in easing the transition between job required skills Unfortunately the formation of a solid basis often falls short due to inadequate teaching and complex explanations of core object oriented concepts The Watson Object Oriented lab remedies this problem by providing explanations of object oriented material utilizing a an objects first approach b graphical representations of complex and abstract terms including objects classes message passing information hiding and inheritance c a classical drill and test method to reinforce knowledge The lab targets introductory level computer science majors and provides a simple interface to interact with object oriented features such as instantiated objects classes and source code editing The Watson Object Oriented lab will provide a unique and simple solution to forming a basic understanding of object oriented concepts 1 This chapter is largely from Cliff Lemoine OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 6l WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT i l OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Object Oriented Lab Layout The Watson Object Oriented Lab consists of five main areas The first area common to all labs is the Watson Title Bar Beneath the Watson bar on the left is the second area Class Diagrams where a gr
64. nt of the Watson Object Oriented Programming lab in that they guide users through the various activities by providing informational texts and a set of small tasks to perform Each activity consists of between WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 79 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT four and eight tutorial dialogs each with one to three separate sub tasks These subtasks can range from adding or removing compo nents from a Class Diagram to creation and execution of a instance of a class to the editing of class methods to handle specific code state ments Once users attempt to complete tasks through specific dialogs the lab environment performs a completion check to determine if the task was actually accomplished Upon completion of the task the cur rent Tutorial Dialog reappears in front of the user with a message dis play stating Task Completed and the Next button enabled to allow advancement to the following Tutorial Dialog A more detailed descrip tion of the Tutorial Task engine will be included in the following sec tion Dialog 1 Objects tt State X Information Objects in programming are simply representations of real world objects like computers desks or even people Objects can also represent abstract concepts like data structures processes or computer applications Objects have two characteristics state and behavior An object s state helps to distinguish
65. o your method via a variable Local variables can be created if you are going to store data inside your method Both of the previous sections Method Parameters and Local Variables will prompt you for name and data type for your variable Add Method Parameters Add Method Parameters Name ius Type it v Java Applet Window Figure 7 11 Add Method Parameters Dialog As with creating a new attribute you are able to specify a name and data type for your parameters and variables See the section titled Adding a New Attribute for more information on data types and naming WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB eal 70 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT The right hand side of the dialog contains the graphical editor for simple statements inside of a method called the OOP Editor labeled Statements The OOP Editor provides users with eight simple Java statement stubs which they can interact with to complete with specific information It also handles some good programming practices by limiting data types to appropriate terms by checking for incomplete placeholders and semantic type checking for the return type of the method These incomplete placeholders such as those labeled Identifier and Expression in figure 7 11 can be replaced with meaningful data by clicking on them and choosing the appropriate data Statements p eminus EXPRESSION b i Assign If Then SSS If
66. object you wish to create Point Line Polygon or Circie and then specifiy the characteristics of that object by clicking the mouse on the Drawing Window Help is available on each of the components of this lab Press the What is button followed by the item of interest Hide Dock Ret e Java Applet window Figure 1 3 Undocked Activity Description Pane WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES gpI 17 WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 2 Spreadsheet Lab Concept Overview Spreadsheets are one of the most popular end user applications in existence today They are general purpose modeling tools that allow end users to represent a problem as a collection of data items and the formulas that express the relationships between those items Spreadsheets consist of a grid of horizontal and vertical cells referenced by a column letter and row number The Watson Spreadsheet laboratory provides a simple spreadsheet that you can use to become familiar with most of the basic concepts that are common to these types of applications A spreadsheet is a grid that organizes data in a matrix of rows and columns and processes many numbers in a small amount of time Spreadsheets make it easy to display information and people can insert formulas to work with data Each intersection of a row and column forms a cell which holds one piece of information The cells are linked together by
67. oblem for the addition of a new attribute to a Class Diagram If the access type of this new attribute is public or protected and at least one sub class of this Class Diagram is defined in the lab environ ment then this new attribute must be propagated down to the sub class Class Diagram This problem is fixed easily by adding the new attribute to the sub class Class Diagram s after it is added to the current Class Dia gram Adding a New Method To add a new method to a class click on the name of the class and choose Add a New Method from the menu that appears A new window shown in figure 7 10 will pop up allowing you to set the specifics of the method that you wish to create OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 69 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Add a New Method ES Name 1 gt Return Type int hd Identifier Statements Access Type public x Parameters F Variables ox Cancel View Tutorial Dialog Java Applet Window Figure 7 10 the Add a New Method Window The same options are present here for specifying name return type and access type as were present in the add an attribute window In addition to this however you have three new sections Method Parameters Local Variables and Statements Method parameters can be added if you are planning to pass any data t
68. ollowed by the name of the class it is inheriting from also called it s superclass WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 64 WATSON PROJECT COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB Triangle Polygon protected String color private int height private int base public int get amp rea public void setHeightlint newHeight public void szetBase int newBase public void setColor String newcoalar public void drawl Figure 7 03 The triangle class which is a subclass of Polygon Clicking each section of the Class Diagram will present you with a different menu Clicking on the class name will present you with the Class Diagram Menu Clicking on the section of the class s box that contains attributes will bring up the Class Attribute Menu Lastly clicking any of the methods will bring up the Class Method Menu These three menus contain all the actions necessary for creating classes modifying classes deleting classes and viewing the code for all of the classes in the labs When you click anywhere inside the Class Diagrams Area excluding an actu al Class Diagram a menu of possible actions is provided The three basic options provided from this menu shown in Figure 7 04 are Create a New Class View Class Code and Remove a Class Diagram 7 1 1 Class Diagrams Area Menu Class Diagrams Area Menu Create a New Class lew Class Code Cancel Remove a Class Diagram Cancel Java Applet Window Figure 7 04
69. ortion showing the students relation This table is used to display the contents of a relation To view an existing relation even those relations which you have created select it from the List of Relations To view the results of a query press the OK button after com pleting construction of the query 3 3 List of Relations List of Relations Figure 3 4 The list of relations area showing the four default relations This is a list of currently available relations New relations can be added by constructing queries and clicking OK in the Relation Editor WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB 3 28 WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT List of Relations Components Delete Button This button can be used to delete a user defined relation from the List of Relations Built in relations such as Students Faculty Courses and Grades may not be deleted WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB 3 29 WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 4 Data Structures Lab Concept Overview Data structures are a fundamental part of programming algorithms Even though data structures are not considered part of an algorithm many algorithms use standard data structures to produce their intended results There are also algorithms that will modify these standard data structures to get efficient performance on a specific problem In short a good understanding of basic data structures
70. ose the polygon click on the initial point a second time Circle Button This button defines a variable of type Circle Circles consist of a center point and radius distance They can be drawn interactively by first clicking on the center point and then where the rim of the circle should be drawn WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB 5 39 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 5 2 Program Code Program Code Assign Draw 150 150 repeat 10 times Erase loop EIE Ppa Color drawicl Loop increment dl l endloop Figure 5 3 The Program Code Window Program Code Pane This area with a white background is used to view edit statements and assign values to variables See the code example below Remove Statements To remove statements from the Code Window click once on the small circle located to the left of the statement or statement block The code to be deleted will highlight red WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 40 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Insert Statements To insert statements into the Code Window above the current cursor position small black arrow click to the left of the vertical line at the position where the new code is to be placed In the figure below clicking on the position of the small red circle will place the cursor at that position VARIABLE EXPRESSION repeat COUNTER times Figure 5 4 Insert St
71. pane Endpoints on the left side of the pane are the inputs of the circuit endpoints on the right side of the pane are outputs To build a circuit use the Component Tools to create gates and connectors then draw lines between components inputs and outputs by holding down the left mouse button near the endpoints on the components and dragging the line to an endpoint on another component The line will appear green when a connection can be made blue or red when a valid connection exists and black when no valid connection exists WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 102 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT The circuit editor can also be used to manipulate the values in the currently available circuit Clicking on an input will change the value of that input from high colored red to low blue or vice versa The values will then propagate throughout the circuit according to its design Consider an AND gate with inputs A and B and output W If both A and B are toggled red high rather than blue low then output W will also show as red high Otherwise W will appear blue low 9 3 Component Tools And Or Not Connector Figure 9 7 Image of Component Tools And Button This allows a user to place an AND gate anywhere in the Circuit Editor Or Button This allows a user to place an OR gate anywhere in the Circuit Editor Not Button This allows a user to place a NOT gate anywhere in the C
72. producing primitive animation JAQ WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB 5 36 WATSON PROJECT i GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Graphics Lab Layout The Watson Graphics Lab consists of five main areas The first area is the Watson Title Bar which is common to all the Watson Labs The next area is the Variable Declarations which is used to define and display the variables referenced by the program statements Below that is the Program Code area which allows for the creation display and editing of program statements Next there is the Drawing Window which displays the graphics defined by the Program Code Below that are the Program Execution Controls which allow the user to either run a program in its entirety or step through it line by line Java Applet Window Figure 5 1 The interface of the Watson Graphics Lab Watson Title Bar This is a standard feature on all Watson Labs WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LaB 5 27 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Variable Declarations This area is used for the creation of variables Program Code This area contains the statements used in drawing the graphics in addition this is where variables are assigned values Drawing Window This area contains the drawing defined by the code statements Code Execution Controls This area contains the controls that run the program or step through it 5 5 1 Variable Declarations
73. r call a function If they declare a function they must click id and enter a string to identify the function If they call a function they must choose the name of the function to call WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6l 58 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 6 3 Program Output Window Program Output EN m w Figure 6 5 The Program Output Window This is the window where the output from the code in the Code Window is shown This window also allows the user to run and walk through the program Run Button This button will execute the program shown on the left side of the screen and display its output in the Output Window e Walk Button This button will step through the program one line at a time and the user can observe the values of the variable as they change WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6 59 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 6 4 Variables Window Variables Figure 6 6 The Variables Window This window is used to display variables used by the Code Window programs The variable name type and scope level are displayed WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB 6l 60 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 7 Object Oriented Lab Concept Overview Computer Science graduates today can expect some extreme demands to be placed upon them when entering the workplace and an ability to adapt to changes in programming tools a
74. rated few pedagogical changes in their port to Java Other labs such as data structures graphics and imperative programming were completely rethought Still other labs such as the functional programming lab and finite state automata lab were abandoned Java Applet Window Figure 0 2 A Watson Lab Phase II The result of Phase II was a collection of stable albeit somewhat plain looking labs that could be accessed via web browsers These labs were used successfully in Louisiana Tech s CSC 100 courses for a number of years By 1998 the project had reached the point where national dissemination appeared imminent In addition to Watson its companion textbook drafts of which have been student tested since the mid 1990 s was nearing completion Despite Watson s promise the Project Director had to INTRODUCTION TO WASTON QD 8 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WATSON COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT reluctantly shelve Watson for several years The continued lack of external funding for Watson combined with allure of the dot com boom enticed the Project Director into a two year sabbatical in industry where we became the Chief Technology Officer for OneNetNow com After OneNetNow was sold to Earthlink in 2001 the Project Director elected to return to academia rather than accept a permanent position with EarthLink Phase III 2002 2004 Upon return to academia in the Fall of 2001 four things became
75. remove a class diagram and there are multiple classes in the Class diagram area a dialog box will appear prompting you to choose which class to complete the selected action with Which Class to View ES Pom Triangle Cancel Java Applet window Figure 7 06 An example dialog for choosing which class code to display 7 1 2 Class Diagram Menu The Class Diagram Menu shown in figure 7 07 provides the users with the basic operations associated with interacting with a class as a whole These OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 67 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT operations include class instantiation Create an Instance addition of class data members and methods Add a New Attribute Add a New Method viewing of class source code View Class Code and the deletion of a class from the lab environment Remove this Class Diagram The modification of class attributes and methods are not listed in this menu instead class at tribute and method modification operations are listed in separate menus as sociated with mouse click events on the actual attributes and methods Class Diagram Menu Cancel Create an Instance Add a New Attribute Add a New Method lew Class Code Remove this Class Diagram Figure 7 07 the Class Diagram Menu Creating An Instance Click on the first option titled Create an Instance A
76. roject deserve a BIG thank you special recognition should be give to Jim Patterson the Project Director and Chris Martin and Louis Landry who were jointly responsible for the look of Watson Phase IIT To each and every one of you THANK YOU Dr Mike O Neal Director Project Watson WATSON PROJECT INTRODUCTION TO WASTON CpI 13 WATSON PROJECT GENERAL WATSON FEATURES COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 1 General Watson Features Every Watson Lab is equipped with an activity page Also each lab has a common tool bar referred to as the Watson Title Bar 1 1 Activity Page fA Watson Graphics Lab Home Activity List ScratchPad Example One Example Two Example Three Activity One Mast conventional programming languages allow you to do two things define Activity Two i a collection af objects and then manipulate those objects using a group af Activity Three predefined instructions The language presented in this lab the Watson Activity Four Graphical Language ar WGL recognizes seven types of data objects and Activity Five seven kinds of instructions It can be used to draw pictures that are composed of paints lines polygons and circles The Watson Graphical Language is also Capable of producing primitive animation JAO Launch Reset Java Applet window Figure 1 1 Activity page This is the first page a user will see when they load any Watson lab From this screen the user can choose any
77. s allows a user to delete a gate or connector by selecting it To delete multiple gates the Delete Gate button must be selected multiple times Logic Tools This allows a user to select one of two tools from a menu The Boolean Probe option allows a user to select one of the endpoints in the Circuit Editor and view the Boolean function which defines its value The Truth Table option allows the user to view a truth table for the circuit present in the Circuit Editor Choice 5election Panel Boolean Probe Truth Table Cancel Cancel Figure 9 3 Logic Tools menu WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB pI 99 WATSON PROJECT DIGITAL LOGIC LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT The Boolean probe allows the user to click any input output or gate and see the Boolean function that defines its value to that point AND gates are signified by an asterisk OR gates are signified by a plus sign and NOT gates are signified by a slash For instance if a user selected the top AND gate in Figure 9 1 with the Boolean probe that user would see a dialog window with the equation DO S DO and S are the inputs NOT S is signified by S and the asterisk signifies the AND gate that links the two inputs Boolean Pr WF Bree e Java Applet Window Figure 9 4 The result of a Boolean probe A truth table is a table detailing all possible input and output values for some circuit or Boolean equation Figure 9 5 is a truth
78. s to be entered into the table Cell Table All data is entered and displayed in this section WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB EDI 19 WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Tool Bar This area has buttons to do certain tasks in the spreadsheet 2 1 Equation Editor p So Figure 2 2 The equation editor The equation editor displays the information being entered into the current cell A formula can be entered that references other cells by beginning input with an equal sign The formula can consist of any combination of addition subtraction multiplication division summation and average Normal mathematical rules for order of operations apply with parenthesis For the functions to work correctly use the format OP Begin End For example SUM A1 A7 Remember cells can be referenced absolutely and relatively Absolute references will not change when an equation is moved but relative references are based upon the location of the cell that the equation is in To make a reference absolute simply put a in front of it Note that a column can be absolute without the row being absolute and vice versa 2 2 Cell Table ENNIUS D C Grades 50 320 Farenheit 100 Average T50 co oo a Oy om ee 653 Figure 2 2 The cell table l WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAE EDI 20 WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT This area contains cells labeled
79. splays an error message explaining that editing of inher ited attributes must be done in the Class Diagram in which the attribute was Originally defined Removing an Attribute To Remove an attribute click on an attribute name and select the option ti tled Remove This Attribute This option allows the user to remove the cur rent attribute from the Class Diagram The same inheritance problems per sist and the lab handles the removal of this attribute from any sub classes if they inherited this attribute 7 1 4 Class Method Menu When a user clicks on a class method the Class Method Menu displays the three actions that can be performed on that specific method Edit this Method View Class Code and Remove this Method As before the View Class Code option will not be described here Editing a Method To edit a method click on a method name in the method section of the Class Diagram This will present you with a dialog Choose the option titled Edit This Method This option allows the user to edit the definition of a method by using a Method Dialog in Edit mode shown in figure 7 15 Just as with the Attribute Dialog in Edit mode all of the fields are set to the current val ues of the method in the Class Diagram Changes are registered back to the Class Diagram similarly and propagation of the changed method to sub classes is performed accordingly WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 73 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LA
80. stant from the keypad and finally OK to continue Example of using code to draw objects In this example we will use code to draw a circle Circles consist of a center point and radius distance Located in the Variables Declarations pane of the Watson Graphics Lab the Circle button lets you create a circle variable Click the Circle button to continue Variable Declarations circle cl Distance Point Line Polygoan Circle Figure 5 5 Variable of circle defined You must define the center point and assign the radius distance to the variable Click the to assign values to Assign button to continue You must choose the variable Click VARIABLE to continue This is where you choose the variable to assign values to Choose c1 to continue Click OK to continue ERA al Choice Selection Panel Draw J Erase Color Cancel Loop WS Java Applet Window Figure 5 6 Click to select variable Figure 5 7 Select c1 for the circle WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB EI 43 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT You need to define the X axis value of the center point Click X to continue Once you have entered a value you can move on Click OK to continue You need to define the Y axis value of the center point Click Y to continue Once you have entered a value you can move on Click OK to continue Program Code Numeric Entry Pad
81. t This is useful because data items can be added to a linked list as they are needed and removed when they are not needed As opposed to an array which must allocate all its memory when it is declared a linked list is dynamic and can grow and shrink as required The disadvantage of a linked list is accessing elements in the list takes longer than accessing elements in an array A tree is a collection of nodes that follow certain rules in its formation The root node of a tree is at the top and does not have a parent The root node points to other nodes which are called its children Their parent is the root node A node may point to other nodes but the node it points to must not have another node pointing to it thus each node has exactly one parent except the root node Trees are very useful in organized searching techniques DATA STRUCTURES LAB A 35 WATSON PROJECT WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 5 Graphics Lab Graphics Lab Concept Most conventional programming languages allow you to do two things define a collection of objects and then manipulate those objects using a group of predefined instructions The language presented in this lab the Watson Graphical Language or WGL recognizes seven types of data objects and seven kinds of instructions It can be used to draw pictures that are composed of points lines polygons and circles The Watson Graphical Language is also capable of
82. the array the stack the queue the linked list and the tree This will be a brief overview of how these data WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB A 34 WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT structures are organized set up and work An array may be thought of as a collection of variables placed side by side that can be accessed by specifying the position number or index of the variables For example we can speak of the first element of the array Array 1 the third element Array 3 or the tenth element Array 10 Elements in an array are accessed by an index number The index number is an offset from the beginning of the array Basically an array is a large number of regular variables in a line that are accessed by the index number A stack is like a stack of plates Data can only be added or removed from the top of the stack When data is added to the top of the stack we Say it is being pushed on the stack When data is removed from the top of the stack we Say it is being popped off the stack This scheme is called Last In First Out LIFO A queue is similar to a waiting line The first data item in is the first data item out Enqueuing involves adding data to the back of the queue Dequeuing involves removing data from the front of the queue This scheme is called First In First Out FIFO A linked list is a list of data items A data item in a linked list will point to the next item in the lis
83. trols Run Button This button will execute the program shown on the left side of the screen and display its output in the Drawing Window WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 49 WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Walk Button This button will place the lab in a walk mode which allows the user to step through the program one line at a time Each click of this button will progress through one line of code WATSON PROJECT GRAPHICS LAB ED 50 WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIPT LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 6 JavaScript Lab JavaScript Lab Concept The JavaScript Lab continues the introduction to programming provided by the Graphics Lab This lab is based on an augmented subset of the JavaScript programming language While one goal of this lab is to enable the user to write simple programs in the widely available JavaScript programming language the focus is on fundamental concepts such as sequence selection repetition and functions rather than on particular syntactic features Thus the lab enforces concepts such as strong typing that are usually absent from JavaScript and includes several Watson specific Input Output instructions The point and click syntax directed program editor used in the Graphics Lab is also included in the JavaScript Lab freeing users to concentrate on program design rather than being forced to track down syntax errors Hello Watson WATSON PROJECT JAVASCRIP
84. u WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB 7 78 WATSON PROJECT OBJECT ORIENTED LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Running an Instance To run an instance of an object click on that object and select Run this In stance from the menu This option allows the user to execute the runnable object associated with this particular Object Diagram If this Object Diagram represents an object instantiated from a Class Diagram that is not tied to an activity or a specific activity task an error message will be displayed informing the user that no runnable object exists for this particular Object Diagram 7 4 Lab Controls Panel Lab Controls Panel Figure 7 23 Lab Controls Panel The Lab Controls Panel houses the two control buttons for accessing Tutorial Dialogs and the End of Activity Question set When an activity is first load ed the Tutorial Dialog button is highlighted and has the label of Start Activi ty Here for students to easily begin the scripted activities Once the first Tutorial Dialog box is displayed and dismissed the label changes back to Tutorial Dialog for the remainder of the activity Lab Controls Panel Components Start Activity Here Clicking this button will present the user with a tutorial dialog shown in figure 7 24 displaying the steps for the current activity You may click on this button at any time during the activity The Tutorial Dialog windows are frequently the most visible compone
85. what is currently in the temporary variable Data Object Representation of data structure is displayed here o000 Dataset All available input data is displayed here Q 4 1 Console Window Console Figure 4 2 The console Window The console window displays a history of operations It displays the order in which data was pushed to or popped from a stack or enqueued in a queue The console displays the operation and the data such as Enqueue C WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB A 32 WATSON PROJECT DATA STRUCTURES LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT 4 2 Memory Usage Grid EJ 205 25s 207 200 faos ao 221 222 E 220 zar 222 232 234 235 236 237 298 2 9 zuo zer zez 2as zaa 245 246 207 2es 209 250 267 252 25s 254 255 256 257 258 2s Figure 4 3 The memory usage grid This area displays what memory data structures use The different data structures have different colors Also different data structures handle memory in different ways The temporary variable will be locked in one location The stack will grow and shrink but the base of the stack will always stay where it was allocated in memory The queue will move through memory like a snake 4 3 Temporary Variables Temp Variable Ast Floor Figure 4 4 The temporary variable display The temporary variable is a storage location for temporary data Imagine you have two computers on two desks Now i
86. with numbers denoting rows and letters denoting columns To select a cell simply click on the cell Dragging the mouse will select multiple cells The selected cells are outlined in red 2 3 Tool Bar E Copy Paste Clear Undo n Redo ifs Average Format Figure 2 3 The tool bar Cut Button This button removes the selection from the active document and places it on the clipboard WATSON PROJECT TTET TEDI 21 WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Copy Button This button copies the selection to the clipboard Paste Button This button inserts the contents of the clipboard at the insertion point replacing any selection Clear Button This button removes all cell contents Undo Button This button reverses the last command or action performed Redo Button This button reverses the Undo command Sum Button This button adds the contents of selected cells Also typing SUM into the equation editor will sum the specified cells Average Button This button averages the contents of a selected set of cells Also typing AVG into the equation editor will average the specified cells Format Button This button adjusts the number of decimal places that are displayed in a cell containing numeric data or the result of a formula WATSON PROJECT SPREADSHEET LAE EDI 22 WATSON PROJECT DATABASE LAB COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSISTANT Chapter 3 Database Lab Concept

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