Home

Alligata document, PDF version

1. esesesseseseeseeeserestsresrerrsretsresteresreertnertssretesrstertnseetereneees 23 SA E EA Toa M ANE E E 23 SZ Method eenegen S EE RR EEEO E E E E E E E E 23 BUET 23 Solaris EE 24 8 153 Method EE 24 Command Line Options sanss ieres toeta oi E arii Ees 25 8 2 Administering the Alligata Server 26 8 2 1 Administering the Alligata Server from the Command Lummen 26 8 2 2 Administering the Alligata Server Using HTTID eee eeeeeee eens 26 8 2 3 Monitoring the Alligata Server Using less oo cee ceeeeeeereeseeeeenees 27 Shutting down an Alligata Server bon 27 8 301 Method kee eebe er Eege 27 8 3 2 Method eener edd 28 9 9 Conhipuring the All gata Server onni a en Eeer Ala E ESS 29 9 1 Core Configuration Variables Core group 32 9 2 WAP Configuration Variables WAP BOX oeroup 36 9 3 SMS Configuration Variables SMS Box SMSC SMS Service and Send SMS User PT OUPS E 38 iii 9 35 SMS Box Group i oat see eee aa he EEN 38 9 32 SMSC PrOD EE 40 9 3 3 SMS Service EE 44 9 3 4 Send SMS User Group see tege leet eddi ed 49 9 4 Over the air Configuration Variables OTA Configuration Group 51 10 10 Creatine ER 53 11 11 Introduction to WMI teerien rarene o pe ee Eor eoi re E AN PER EEr OKEERE Ee E eais 54 11 1 Cont jt and Tags ees Eege eE E esr EE NE EEE PEE E a ERS 54 11 2 Elements and Attributes r re r eee rE E ova E EE E Ses 55 193 Cards and E is iscte iepen dsb cpscaccess esasi snsissensavipssasedovgsbsaevees josstac
2. 11 1 Content and Tags To begin with here is some sample WML the file logo wm1 from the example site Static Simple on the Alligata Server installation CD If you installed the example WAP sites along with the Alligata Server you can view this file by selecting Static Simple from the Ste Examples menu a full guide to the example sites is provided in Section 12 lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt card id foo name bar title Static WML newcontext true gt lt p gt lt img src 3glab wbmp alt 3G Lab Logo align middle gt lt br gt This is static lt big gt WML lt big gt text lt p gt lt card gt lt wml gt This file like all WML documents holds two main types of information content and tags Content is generally textual information to be displayed on the client s microbrowser It is encoded as plain text using the Unicode 2 0 character set The example file s content is the sentence This is static WML text Some characters are not included in the Unicode character set or are problematic to display because they are used by WML for purposes other than text display for example the less than lt and greater than gt symbols which denote the start and end of tags Such characters are represented by entity references which begin with an ampersand amp and end wit
3. lt a gt lt card gt lt card id card4 gt Never cast a clout till May be out lt br gt lt a href card5 gt Next proverb 64 11 11 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML lt a gt lt card gt lt card id card5 gt Scabby donkeys scent each other over nine hills lt br gt lt card gt lt wml gt When this file is viewed on a WAP microbrowser every card except the first one has a Back link on it even though in the WML source none of them contains a prev task The explanation for this is that the prev task is held in the template element at the beginning of the file and is applied automatically to every card in the deck except the first The reason there is no Back link on the first card is that the first card contains a noop task Because a task defined in a card always overrides a default task of the same type as specified in the template and because noop does nothing this card displays nothing in place of a Back link Variables One of the most interesting features of WML is its ability to process variables If you have any programming experience you will know that a variable is a label for a numeric value or a string of characters in a computer program A common use of variables is to store input from a user or another external source in other words information that can t be written into the program itself Variables in WML enable you to implement interactive feature
4. Static Simple is discussed in Section 11 1 It is a single WML card that displays the message This is static WML text 12 2 Example Site 2 Static WML Complex If you select Static Complex from the Site Examples index page you will be presented with the logo shown in Figure 12 3 Welcome to ACME AC MIE CORP YF CY Figure 12 3 After a few seconds the logo will disappear to be replaced by a set of links see Figure 12 4 71 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites Figure 12 4 If you follow a link you will be taken to the corresponding piece of information You can also use the link ACME home to take you back to the home deck Since this is a prev task it may simply be labelled Back on your device s display see Section 11 8 If you select ACME Vacancies the card in Figure 12 5 will appear on your screen Figure 12 5 If you select a link from this card you will be taken to information about the relevant post For example Head of Marketing will show you the card in Figure 12 6 Figure 12 6 From here you can use the ACME Vacancies link to return to the list of jobs Again this a prev task so your device may just label it Back To go right back to the home deck keep navigating backwards in the same way From the home deck you can navigate through any series of cards in the way just described 72 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites The first fi
5. alligata admin smsbox log log level 0 group smsc smsc at modemtype wavecom device dev ttyS2 group sms service 32 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server keyword proverb aliases Proverb PROVERB potd Potd POTD url http www awebsite net potd html prefix lt beginprov gt suffix lt ndprov gt split chars split suffix cont header Today s proverb H max messages 10 group sms service keyword ota In one line url http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendota username otauser password foo phonenumber p group otaconfig location http www asite net service Company Home ipaddress 10 0 0 5 phonenumber 44998123456 bearer data calltype analogue connection cont pppsecurity off authentication normal login phoneuser secret barfoo group sendsms user username otauser password foo user deny ip 10 0 0 2 user allow ip max messages 2 concatenation 1 group sms service keyword ota In one line url http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendota username otauser password foo phonenumber p group sms service keyword default text Sorry the Alligata Server didn t understand your message group sendsms user username tester password foobar max messages 10 33 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server split chars split suffix cont head
6. 8 1 Figure 8 1 Alligata Server command line optons eee esses ceeeeeeeeeeeseesaecaeceeeeseeseseeseaeesaeeaees 25 8 2 Figure 8 2 Alligata Server command line administration commande 26 8 3 Figure 8 3 Alligata Server HTTP administration commande 27 9 1 Escape Characters iiicce cogs aie ee ase i Ree a 31 9 2 Figure 9 2 Summary of Alligata Server configuration groups ceceseeeeeeeeeessesseceeceseeseeeeseneeaee 32 9 3 Figure 9 3 SMSC group protocol specific variables 00 0 eee ceseeseceeceeceeeeeeeeeeescesaeceeceeeeeeeseneeaee 40 9 4 Currently supported MOdenis xs oe nene e E ten ea RE A E E ents Mewes cual eareeeesss 44 9 5 Possible parameters in the URL template 45 WL Figure 14222 WME event types ae edie feb deed teeta betes echte dree EEN iae iriri 60 11 2 Figure 11 6 Image Attributes insi riesis eese ni e e e Ee EE NEE SNE r SE E E a ESENE sesa 64 12 1 Figure 12 1 Example WAP phone confgeuraton 66 12 2 Figure 12 14 Summary of PAT les 78 I Part One Getting Started Chapter 1 1 Welcome Welcome to the Alligata Server User Manual This manual is in two parts e This part Getting Started provides an overview of the Alligata Server and explains how to install the program It covers the following topics e How the Alligata Server fits into the architecture of the Wireless Application Protocol WAP the Short Message Service SMS and the World Wide Web The internal functioning of the Alligat
7. s child works hard for its living and the child that is born on the Sabbath day is fair and wise and good and gay lt endprov gt lt body gt lt html gt In this instance the message needs to be split and the user will probably receive it in three smaller messages 85 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging Message 1 Today s proverb Monday s child is fair of face 1 Message 2 Today s proverb Friday s child is loving and giv Message 3 Today s proverb and the child that Les born on the The string cont in the first and second messages indicates that they are part of a longer message more of which is to follow It is specified using the sp1it suffix configuration variable Note that the incoming SMS message must only contain the keyword unless the SMS service allows parameters after it Parameters are discussed in Section 13 1 1 13 1 1 SMS Service Parameters The configuration variables url file and text can include parameters that the Alligata Server substitutes with terms from the incoming message Each parameter is indicated by a percent character followed by a letter The parameters you can use are listed in full in Section 9 3 3 Parameter values should be included in incoming messages after the service keyword using the following syntax keyword parameter 1 parameter 2 etc As an example suppose your company has created a CGI server application that returns
8. 1 18 Current CPU load and load average RAM 98 Amount of RAM used SWP 8 Amount of swap space used The first item in the list is a hyperlink that takes you to a card showing the names of the users currently logged in to the server machine see Figure 12 8 users logged in _atrull fturton ymuller Back oe ss Figure 12 8 The WML generated by the Perl script for this file is as follows lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt template gt lt do type prev name back label Back gt lt prev gt lt do gt lt template gt 77 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites lt card id main title apc acompany net newcontext true gt lt p gt lt a href users gt Linux 2 2 16 19 users lt a gt lt p gt lt p gt Up 11 Days 7h54m lt p gt lt p gt CPU 24 AVG 1 18 lt p gt lt p gt RAM 98 SWP 8 lt p gt lt card gt lt card id users title users logged in gt lt p gt d i atrull fturton ymuller lt p gt lt card gt lt wml gt 12 4 12 4 Example Site 4 PHP System Resource Monitor PHP is a server side embedded scripting language optimised for use on the World Wide Web Like Perl it can be made to generate dynamic output in WML as easily as in HTML Again the important thing to remember is that a dynami
9. On Computer B open the configuration file etc alligata conf ina text editor such as vi or Emacs About the configuration file the Alligata Server configuration is a list of variables divided into groups Each group begins with the line group x where x is a group identifier A blank line signifies the end of a group Full instructions for configuring the Alligata Server are provided in Section 9 4 In the configuration group beginning with the line group wapbox change the value of the variable bearerbox host to the IP address or URL of the computer hosting the Bearer Box that is computer A For example bearerbox host 10 0 0 1 5 Repeat steps 1 4 on a new computer for each WAP Box you want to add To add an SMS Box to an installation of the Alligata Server 1 Connect a computer running Linux or Solaris Computer C to Computer A using TCP IP 2 Install a complete copy of the Alligata Server onto Computer C as described in Sections 4 and 5 3 On Computer C open the configuration file etc alligata conf ina text editor such as vi or Emacs About the configuration file the Alligata Server configuration is a list of variables divided into groups Each group begins with the line where x is a group identifier A blank line signifies the end of a group Full instructions for configuring the Alligata Server are provided in Section 9 group x 22 Chapter 6 6 Installing Multiple WAP and SMS Boxes 4 In the
10. load 5 2 53 The system s average load over the last 5 minutes load 15 2 08 The system s average load over the last 15 minutes Memory total 192704 used 189652 free 3052 shared 117292 buffers 30056 cached 28444 Port Status 21 open 22 open 23 open 53 closed 80 open The PHP generated information is all held in a single WML deck lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt head gt lt meta http equiv Cache Control content max age 0 forua true gt lt head gt 79 lt template gt lt do type accept gt lt go href gt lt do gt lt do type prev name back label Back gt lt prev gt lt do gt lt template gt lt card id init newcontext true gt lt p align center gt lt b gt System Resource Monitor lt b gt lt p gt lt p gt lt a href up gt Load Uptime lt a gt lt br gt lt a href mem gt Memory lt a gt lt br gt lt a href ports gt Port Status lt a gt lt br gt lt p gt lt card gt lt card id up gt lt p align center gt lt b gt Load Uptime lt b gt lt br gt lt p gt lt p align left gt time 12 29pm lt br gt up 8 d 1 56 lt br gt users 7 lt br gt load 1 2 91 lt br gt load 5 2 53 lt br gt load 15 2 08 lt br gt lt p
11. IMAP PHP module This module is used in the example WAP site PAT for liaising with your e mail server Install Documentation for the PHP language N y Linux only Y installs documentation for the PHP language into the directory home httpd htm1 manual mod mod_php3 To view the index page open the file index html in a Web browser such as Netscape or Lynx Install CGI module for Perl N y Y installs the Common Gateway Interface CGI Perl module version 2 69 This module facilitates the output of Web files from Perl scripts It is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site The CGI modules supplied with most Linux distributions are too old and will not work with the example Perl site Install HTML module for Perl N y Y installs the HTML Perl module This module is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site Install HTML tables modules for Perl N y Y installs the HTML tables Perl module This module is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site Install WML module for Perl N y Y installs the WML Perl module This module is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site 11 The following messages or equivalents will be displayed on the screen Installing to usr share alligata 20 12 13 Chapter 5 5 Installation from the Command Line xMb available 5Mb will be installed Continue install Y n Selecting Y installs the Alligata Server a
12. Port Identifies the port on the Alligata Server s host machine used for communication with the SMSC Currently only the EMI IP protocol supports this Example our port 13005 receive port port_number Receive Port Used with protocols that accept different send and receive ports namely EMI IP SMPP IP and OIS Example receive port 13006 45 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server smsc username user_name SMSC User Name The Alligata Server s account user name on the SMSC s host machine Example smsc username ally smsc password password SMSC Password The Alligata Server s account password on the SMSC s host machine Example smsc password PINEapple device device_name System Device When the Alligata Server is used with a GSM modem or the EMI or X 28 protocols this identifies the device associated with the modem Example device dev ttyso0 connect allow ip list_of_IP_addresses Allowed IP Connections Specifies IP addresses of SMSCs to be allowed to connect to the Alligata Server Used by EMI IP Example connect allow ip TO EE SD FOE ER 25 smsc_nua X 121_address SMSC address using X 121 protocol Used by SEMA X 28 Example smsc_nua 000001220900 home_nua X 121_address Radio PAD Product Assembler Disassembler address using X 121 protocol Used by SEMA X 28 Example home_nua 000001220900 wait_report digit_ 0_or_l
13. Send Message Figure 13 5 Example HTML form for SMS messaging 13 3 Over the air OTA Configuration of WAP Client Devices Using SMS Changing the settings for a WAP service provider from a mobile device can be laborious with up to a dozen variables to alter on each device If you are a system administrator needing to configure all your company s WAP phones to the same service the process becomes particularly time consuming However the Alligata Server allows you to automate device configuration by defining automatic WAP service settings in the configuration file By sending a single SMS format message to each phone from a computer workstation you can add a whole configuration to its settings It is also possible for the user of a client device to invoke the OTA configuration themselves This enables a user to add WAP services to their mobile phone with a minimum of effort The Alligata Server s OTA configuration feature is currently known to work on the Nokia 7110 Nokia 6210 and Nokia 91101 phones In order to implement OTA configuration you need to set up three configuration groups in the configuration file e an OTA Configuration group containing the settings to be sent to the client device e a Send SMS User group setting up a user account for sending of OTA messages e an SMS Service group pointing to the Alligata Server s sendota CGI application For details of configuration groups and variables see Section 9 An example
14. The gateway compresses the data and sends it over the wireless network to the client mobile device that sent the original WAP request See Section 3 for more information about what the WAP gateway does 56 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML This section gives a summary of Wireless Markup Language WML WML is the formatting language used to encode WAP documents Full details of WML can be found in the official WML specification on the WAP Forum s Web site at http www wapforum org here we aim to provide you with enough information to get started with WML and create some basic WML documents of your own The Alligata Server package includes some example WML files so that you can see how WML works in practice WML is derived from Hypertext Markup Language HTML the tagging system used to format World Wide Web pages if you are familiar with HTML you should find WML fairly easy to learn However WML is tailored to display information on much smaller display areas than HTML and to be compact enough to transmit efficiently in compressed form over low bandwidth high latency wireless networks Writing WML is straightforward you can use either a text editor or one of the increasing number of dedicated WML editors available on the market To check the formatting of your WML we recommend you get a WAP phone or download one of several free WAP phone emulators from the World Wide Web The rest of this section covers the main features of WML
15. Wait Report Used by SEMA X 28 Example wait_report 1 phone telephone_number The SMSC s telephone number Used only by EMI Example 46 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server phone 44999123456 keepalive number The frequency of alive messages in seconds Used only by CIMD2 system_id string System ID Used only by SMPP IP system_type string System Type Used only by SMPP IP address_range range Address range Used only by SMPP IP modemtype string The type of modem being used to send SMS messages by the AT protocol Modems currently supported are as follows Table 9 4 Currently supported modems Modem modemt ype value Wavecom WM02 wavecom Nokia Premicell premicell Siemens M20T siemens Siemens TC35 siemens tc35 Phone with GSM modem nokiaphone The Nokia Premicell does not support user data headers UDHs so cannot be used for over the air configuration messages Used only by AT Example modemtype wavecom pin number Personal Identification Number An optional variable used only by AT Use this variable if the SIM card inserted in your GSM modem requires a PIN for activation 9 3 3 SMS Service Group An SMS Service group defines an action to be performed by the SMS Box in response to a keyword and parameters in incoming SMS messages If you are using the Alligata Server for SMS messaging remember to include an SMS Box group
16. an employee s salary You want the Personnel department to be able to gain access to this information from their SMS phones but no one else In this case you could configure the SMS Service group shown in Figure 13 3 Figure 13 3 Example SMS Service group for a salary retrieval application keyword salary aliases Salary SALARY url http intranet awebsite net cgi salary user s password s employee r header Salary info H When the Alligata Server receives an SMS message starting with the keyword salary or one of its aliases it replaces the first s in ur1 with the next word in the message after the keyword replaces the second s with the next word after that and replaces the r with the rest of the message For example if the CGI account has the user name personnel and the password STARfruit then a Personnel member can access the salary details of the employee Emma Thompson by sending the Alligata Server the following SMS message salary personnel STARfruit emma thompson Upon receiving this message the Alligata Server sends the following HTTP GET request http intranet awebsite net cgi salary user personnel amp password STARfruit amp employee emmat thompson When the HTTP reply arrives the Alligata Server converts it into an SMS message or messages and sends it back to the Personnel member s mobile phone 86 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging 13 2 Sending SMS Messages Using HTTP For every
17. asite net service Company Home ipaddress 100 100 100 100 phonenumber 01487772268 bearer data calltype analogue connection cont pppsecurity off authentication normal login phoneuser secret barfoo group sendsms user username otauser password GRAPefruit user deny ip user allow ip max messages 2 concatenation 1 90 Appendix A Appendix Troubleshooting Guide If you encounter any problems while running the Alligata Server in the first instance you should check the log files for information By default the log files are held in the directory var log alligata You can view the log files by using the UNIX less command for example less var log alligata bearerbox 1log To watch a log file update while the Alligata Server is running press SHIFT F from within less Problem Possible Cause Solution The Bearer Box will not start The configuration file contains errors Read Section 9 for information on how to edit the configuration file Note that when you first install the Alligata Server it will not be connected to an SMSC or a GSM modem Therefore if the configuration file contains any SMS variables the Alligata Server may not start The WAP Box will not start There are errors in the WAP Box configuration group Read Section 9 for information on how to edit the configuration file The SMS Box will not start Your computer is not connect
18. configuration group beginning with the line group smsbox change the value of the variable bearerbox host to the IP address or URL of the computer hosting the Bearer Box that is computer A For example bearerbox host 10 0 0 1 5 Repeat steps 1 4 on a new computer for each SMS Box you want to add 23 ll Part Two Using the Alligata Server Chapter 7 7 Introduction to Part Two Welcome to Part Two of the Alligata Server User Manual Using the Alligata Server This part of the user manual explains how to start stop and administer the Alligata Server change the Alligata Server s configuration settings view the example WAP sites provided with the Alligata Server create WAP sites using Wireless Markup Language WML create dynamic WAP sites using the Perl scripting language create dynamic WAP sites using the PHP scripting language use the Alligata Server s SMS features to deliver World Wide Web and other content to mobile phones use the Alligata Server to send SMS messages from a computer workstation configure a mobile phone for a WAP service over the air using the Alligata Servere SMS features This part of the user manual assumes you have installed the Alligata Server successfully on a computer workstation running Linux or Solaris If you have not yet installed the Alligata Server please follow the installation instructions in Sections 4 to 6 25 Chapter 8 8 Running the Alligata Server Note to run an A
19. d httpd start at the command prompt and press ENTER Solaris users Type etc init d apache start at the command prompt and press ENTER 4 Configure your WAP client device to use your installation of the Alligata Server as its WAP gateway An example configuration is shown in Figure 12 1 Table 12 1 Figure 12 1 Example WAP phone configuration Home URL http www mysite net Service name Alligata IP address 10 0 0 1 Dial up phone number 0999123456 Bearer type data Call type analogue Connection type cont PPP security off Authentication mode normal Login foo Password bar The login and password settings are those of your Point to Point Protocol PPP server 5 On your WAP client device navigate to the URL of the example sites index By default this will be the URL of your Web server followed by wm1 for example 70 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites http acomputer asite net wml 6 The card in Figure 12 2 is displayed Figure 12 2 Site Examples index From this card you can navigate to any of the example sites by selecting the relevant hyperlink The example sites are described in Sections 12 1 to 12 5 12 1 Example Site 1 Static WML Simple The simplest kind of WAP site consists of a set of static WML decks or cards You can find examples of this kind of site by selecting Static Simple or Static Complex from the Site Examples index The
20. gt lt card gt lt card id mem gt lt p align center gt lt b gt Memory lt b gt lt br gt lt p gt lt p align left gt Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites 80 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites total 192704 lt br gt used 189652 lt br gt free 3052 lt br gt shared 117292 lt br gt buffers 30056 lt br gt cached 28444 lt br gt lt p gt lt card gt lt card id ports gt lt p align center gt lt b gt Port Status lt b gt lt br gt lt p gt lt p align left gt 21 open lt br gt 22 open lt br gt 23 open lt br gt 53 closed lt br gt 80 open lt br gt lt p gt lt card gt lt wml gt 12 5 Example Site 5 PAT PHP Mail The Alligata Server s second example PHP site DATT enables you to read your e mail from a WAP client device It uses PHP s IMAP functions to retrieve messages from your e mail server embeds them in WML and sends them to your mobile device Despite their name IMAP functions in PHP can be used with protocols other than IMAP namely POP3 NNTP and local mailbox access methods Before PAT will work on your system you need to make one edit to the file index wm1 in the directory home httpd alligata wml dynamic complex pat Linux or opt TGLBallex alligata wml dynamic complex pat Solaris In the lt go gt tag insert the name of your e mail server after server For example if your e mail
21. guarantee they will not be restricted to sites approved by a network operator or an ISP As an SMS server the Alligata Server allows you to send messages to SMS phone users from a computer workstation and to implement dynamic SMS keyword services such as retrieval of information from the World Wide Web Although SMS is much less flexible than WAP it is available on almost all modern Global System for Mobile Telecommunications GSM mobile phones With its SMS messaging features the Alligata Server provides limited access to Internet content even to users of non WAP phones WAP and SMS complement each other SMS is simple to use and widely available but limited in its capabilities WAP offers richer functionality but as a new technology it is not yet as widespread as SMS By offering both SMS and WAP functionality the Alligata Server is a bridge between established and emerging technologies The Alligata Server is based on the Kannel WAP and SMS gateway for Linux Kannel is an open source software project if you would like to know more about it or contribute to it visit the Kannel Web site at www kannel org http www kannel org 3 2 The Alligata Server WAP and SMS This section will help you to understand where the Alligata Server fits into the architecture of WAP and SMS Before you read it we recommend you read Your Pocket Guide to the Mobile Internet included in the Alligata Server package There you will find definitions of the
22. hyperlink or a go task they will see the message You didn t enter this card backwards However if the user arrives at the card via a prev task they will be redirected to the file backwardpeople wml There is another way of handling an event that is shorter but less flexible Instead of using the onevent element you can specify an action in the form of an attribute in the relevant card or wml element For example the sample WML above could be rewritten as follows and would do exactly the same thing lt card onenterbackward backwardpeople wml gt You didn amp apos t enter this card backwards lt card gt Note that the only kind of action possible using this method is a jump to a URL in this case backwardpeople wm1 This is equivalent to the go action If you want to perform a prev a noop ora refresh action you have to use the longer method Table 11 1 Figure 11 2 WML event types lt onevent type gt attribute Occurs within elemeni s Function value ontimer card wml Executes the specified action when a timer expires Timers are specified using the timer element onenterforward card wml Executes the specified action when the user arrives at the current card or deck via a hyperlink a go task or any other method that involves moving forwards in the client microbrowser s history stack onenterbackward card wml Executes the specified action when the user arrives at the current car
23. ip user allow ip 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 7 faked sender telephone_number Faked Sender Number Specifies the telephone number shown as the sender s on client devices Note that most SMSCs will replace this number with their own 52 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server faked sender will override any sender numbers specified elsewhere for example the global sender variable in the SMS Box group Example faked sender 44998123456 max messages number Maximum Messages Specifies the maximum number of individual SMS messages into which a long message can be split If max messages is not set in the configuration file it defaults to a value of 1 If max messages is set to 0 then no messages will be sent Example max messages 8 split chars list_of_characters Message Split Characters Specifies characters that can be used to split a long message into several shorter ones The maximum length of a message is usually 140 or 160 characters depending on the SMSC s protocol Messages over this length are split as specified in max messages and split chars If split chars is not set any character is used to split the message The Alligata Server will only split messages where necessary For example if the semicolon is specified as a split character then a message of 200 characters containing six semicolons will be split into just two shorter messages not seven Example split chars split suf
24. port 13013 global sender 123 log file alligata admin smsbox log log level 0 group smsc smsc at modemtype wavecom device dev ttyS2 13 1 Implementing SMS Keyword Services Once you have configured an SMS Box group and an SMSC group in the configuration file you need to create an SMS Service group for each service you want to implement An example SMS Service group is shown in Figure 13 2 See Section 9 3 3 for explanations of the configuration variables Figure 13 2 Example SMS Service group configuration settings group sms service keyword proverb aliases Proverb PROVERB potd Potd POTD url http www awebsite net potd html prefix lt beginprov gt suffix lt ndprov gt split chars split suffix cont header Today s proverb H max messages 10 This group sets up an SMS service that returns a proverb from the Web page http www awebsite net potd html when it receives the message proverb from a mobile 84 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging device From the Web page it retrieves everything between but not including the strings lt beginprov gt and lt endprov gt The content of potd htm1 could look like this lt html gt lt head gt lt title gt SMS proverb of the day lt title gt lt head gt lt body bgcolor FFFFFF text 000000 gt lt beginprov gt A cat in gloves catches no mice lt endprov gt lt
25. server is imap asite net the tag should be as follows lt go href view php3 username Susername amp password Spasswo Ei Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites rd amp amp server imap asite net gt To view the PAT mail site select the link PAT PHP mail from the Site Examples index You will see a login card Figure 12 10 This card is from the file index wm1 Enter your e mail user name and password and you will be taken to the top of your e mail inbox Figure 12 11 The inbox shows each message s number in the list and its subject Owing to the size limitations of WML files the inbox is divided into segments of five messages To view the next five messages in the inbox follow the hyperlink NEXT 5 at the bottom of the card To view a message select the hyperlinked number preceding it The message is prefixed by details of the subject the send date and time and the sender Figure 12 12 82 f Message 148 _ Hi guys There will be a team meeting at 2 00 to touch base on the roadmap situation Back Figure 12 13 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites Where a message is longer than 700 characters it is split into several smaller messages PAT is composed of several files These are summarised in Figure 12 14 Table 12 2 Figure 12 14 Summary of PAT files File Function Main files index wml Contains the login card Receives the user name and password
26. terminology used by the WAP standard and a description of how the WAP components fit together Every WAP phone is configured by default to use a single WAP gateway to gain access to the Mobile Internet This gateway can be hosted by an ISP by the phone user s employer or by any third party with access to the Mobile Internet A phone can contain configurations for several gateways but it can only use a single gateway for the duration of a session If you want to change gateways you have to close down your Mobile Internet session switch your phone s settings to the new gateway and reconnect to the Mobile Internet The conceptual model into which the Alligata Server fits is shown in Figure 3 1 Chapter 3 3 About the Alligata Server Mobile Digtal mobile Network ajalise phone base station network PA SMSC WAP SMS HTTP server serving YWWML files WMAP Box TCP HTTP HTTP server serving HTML files Bearer Box The Internet TCP HTTP VWiorkseanion used for HTTP es administratian and SMHS messaging A signal sent by a mobile device is picked up by one of a network operator s base stations It is then routed through the mobile network to the Alligata Server using User Datagram Protocol UDP If it is an SMS message it is first sent to the network s SMS Centre SMSC The SMSC s main job is to hold pending SMS messages for recipients whose phones are turned off or otherwise inaccessible Once the
27. the computer is booted Alligata example sites Installs the Alligata Server example WAP sites In Linux these are installed into home httpd alligata wml In Solaris 7 they are installed into usr local apache alligata wml In Solaris 8 they are installed into etc apache alligata wml Section 12 provides a guide to viewing using and understanding the example sites Apache Web server Installs the Apache Web server You will need Apache or a similar HTTP server to view the example sites Development files for the Apache Web server Linux only Installs the Apache development package You will need this package if you plan to extend Apache for example to write a new module If the computer already contains an installation of Apache the Alligata Server installation program automatically updates the Apache configuration for WML and Wireless Bitmap WBMP file formats Apache manuals Linux only Installs the Apache manuals into the directory home httpd htm1 manual To view the index page open the file index html in a Web browser such as Netscape or Lynx 14 1 pan Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface PHP language Installs the PHP scripting language PHP is used by two of the Alligata Server example WAP sites It can be very useful for developing Web and WAP applications In the Solaris installation this option includes the PHP IMAP module see below IMAP module for the PHP language Linu
28. to shut down the Bearer Box not individual WAP and SMS Boxes 31 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server The Alligata Server is installed with a default configuration that allows you to use it as a WAP gateway If you want to customise its WAP features or implement SMS messaging services you need to make changes to the configuration file All the configuration data for the Alligata Server is held in a single file By default this file is called alligata conf and is held in the directory etc If you want to use a different configuration file specify the path and file after the relevant command when you start up a box To do this you must start the box using Method 3 see Section 8 1 3 For example bearerbox etc alligata2 conf An example Alligata Server configuration file is shown in Figure 9 1 Figure 9 1 Example Alligata Server configuration Example Alligata Server configuration group core user alligata max threads 99 admin port 13004 wapbox port 13002 smsbox port 13005 admin password bar wdp interface nam log file alligata admin bearer log log level 0 box deny ip box allow ip 127 0 0 1 admin deny ip 10 0 0 2 admin allow ip unified prefix 0044 0 group wapbox bearerbox host localhost log file alligata admin wapbox log log level 0 group smsbox bearerbox host localhost sendsms port 13013 global sender 123 log file
29. user you want to be able to send SMS messages using HTTP you need to define a Send SMS User group in the configuration file An example Send SMS User group is shown in Figure 13 4 Figure 13 4 Example Send SMS User group group sendsms user username colin password AVOcado user allow ip 10 0 0 5 max messages 10 split chars split suffix cont header Msg from Colin This configuration group allows the user colin with the password AVOcado to send SMS messages from the IP address 10 0 0 5 As with SMS keyword services outgoing messages that are over the maximum length of a single SMS message can be split into several smaller messages up to the maximum specified in max messages The variables split chars split suffix and header work exactly as in SMS Service groups see Section 13 1 http hostname port cgi bin sendsms username username amp password password amp from sender s_number amp to receiver s number amp text message_text The elements in bold italic type should be replaced with the relevant information For example http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendsms username colin amp password AVOcado amp from 0999666666 amp t0 0898999999 amp text All salest staff returnt totofficetimmediately The URL should contain no carriage returns and no spaces Spaces in the message should be represented by plus signs 13 2 1 User Data Headers udh parameter An SMS message can include a user data he
30. username smsc password CIMD2 cimd2 host port smsc username smsc password keepalive EMI emi phone device smsc username smsc password 43 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server SMSC protocol Value of smsc variable Variables Those in parentheses are optional EMI IP emi_ip host port smsc username smsc password connect allow ip receive port our port SMPP IP smpp host port smsc password system id system type address range receive port SEMA X 28 sema device smsc nua home nua wait report ois host port receive port ois debug level at device modemtype pin group smsc Group Introduces the SMSC group Required smsc smsc_type SMSC Type Identifies the SMSC type Currently available types are cimd cimd2 emi emi_ip smpp sema at and ois See Figure 9 3 Required Example smsc emi smsc id string SMSC Identifier Provides a name by which the SMSC can be referred to elsewhere This name can be used to associate the SMSC with particular SMS services and users via the accepted smsc forced smsc and default smsc variables in the SMS Service and Send SMS User groups see Sections 9 3 3 and 9 3 4 The value of smsc id may contain any alphanumeric characters and is case insensitive Example smsc id smscl denied prefix list_of_telephone_co
31. which SMS messages sent from a workstation by HTTP are received see Section 9 3 4 The port number can be any value between 1024 and 65535 It may be under 1024 if the user variable in the Core configuration group is set to root but this is not advised Example sendsms port 13001 telephone_number Global Sender Number Specifies the number shown as the sender s telephone number in outgoing SMS messages Note that most SMSCs will automatically replace this number with their own Example global sender 44998123456 log file file_name Log File Specifies a file to which to output a log report of the SMS Box s activity If the specified file already exists new output will be added to the end of it If a log file is also defined in the command line when the SMS Box is started up then the log report will be output to both files If log file is not set in the configuration file it defaults to var log alligata smsbox log Example log file alliglog sms log log level number_0 4 Log Level Sets the level of information to be recorded in the log file Settings are as follows with 0 providing the most detail and 4 the least 0 Debug 1 Information 2 Warning 3 Error 4 Panic 42 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server If log level is not defined in the configuration file it defaults to a value of 1 Example log level 0 access log file_name Access Log File Specifies a file to
32. you to include hyperlinks in your documents A hyperlink can carry the user to a different place in the current deck a different deck on the same WAP site or a different WAP site How a hyperlink is activated by the user is a matter for the browser manufacturer A typical implementation might provide two buttons on the device to move a highlight backwards and forwards between hyperlinks and a third button to activate the highlighted link The hyperlink element in WML is a as in HTML this stands for anchor It takes an attribute href which indicates the destination of the link For example Great oaks from lt a href http www littleacorns com gt little acorns lt a gt grow Here the words little acorns are a hyperlink taking the user to the WAP site www littleacorns com On a browser the hyperlink may be indicated by underlining in which case the sentence above would be displayed like this Great oaks from little acorns grow To create hyperlinks between cards in the same deck give each card a unique id attribute and refer to that id in the href attribute of hyperlinks to it In the href attribute precede the destination card s name with a hash this indicates that the link is to a card rather than to a file The example file below contains two cards linked by referring to one another s id attributes lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DID WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum or
33. 024 if the user variable is set to root but this is not advised This variable is required if the Alligata Server is to handle SMS traffic Example smsbox port 13005 wapbox port port_number WAP Box Port Defines the port number to which WAP Boxes connect It can be any value between 1024 and 65535 It may be under 1024 if the user variable is set to root but this is not advised This variable is required if the Alligata Server is to handle WAP traffic Example wapbox port 13002 36 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server wdp interface nam IP_address If the Alligata Server s host machine has multiple network cards specifies the IP address of the card from which User Datagram Protocol UDP WAP packets are accepted If set to 0 0 0 0 accepts packets from any IP address Example wdp interface nam LO EE 3 log file file name Log File Specifies a file to which to output a log report of the Bearer Box s activity If the specified file already exists new output will be added to the end of the file If a log file is also defined in the command line when the Bearer Box is started up then the log report will be output to both files as well as to the standard output See Section 8 1 3 for command line options If log file is not set in the configuration file it defaults to var log alligata bearerbox log Example log file alliglog bearer log log level number_0 4 Log Level Set
34. 11 4 Next comes the deck level lt wm1 gt tag Following that is the first card in the deck lt card id logo ontimer menu title Welcome to ACME newcontext true gt lt timer value 30 gt lt img alt ACM lt card gt Di corp src acmelogo wbmp align middle gt 73 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites This is the card containing the ACME logo Because it is the first card in the deck it is the one that appears by default when you load the file Here is a description of the card item by item First you will see that the card element contains four attributes e id logo gives the card a name by which other cards or decks can refer to it ontimer menu tells the microbrowser that when the timer contained in the card runs out it should load the card menu The timer is defined in the timer element e title Welcome to ACME defines a title to appear at the top of the card in the microbrowser e newcontext true instructs the microbrowser to reset its Context when the card is loaded A microbrowser s context consists of information it holds in its memory about recent events Specifically newcontext true removes all WML variables clears the microbrowser s navigation history and resets other information in the microbrower to its default value precisely what information this is depends on the microbrowser The next element is timer It has the attribute value 30 which tells the
35. 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server Messages over the maximum length for a single message are split as specified in the configuration file Where sp1it chars is not specified the Alligata Server uses any character to split the message The Alligata Server only splits messages where necessary For example if the semicolon is specified as a split character then a message of 200 characters containing six semicolons will be split into just two shorter messages not seven Example split chars split suffix character_string Message Split Suffix Where a long message is split into two or more shorter ones specifies a string to appear at the end of each message except the last Example split suffix cont omit empty a numeric value Omit Empty Messages If set to a number other than 0 stops messages containing no data being sent to the user Example omit empty 1 header character_string Reply Header Specifies a string to appear at the beginning of outgoing messages In the case of split messages the string appears on every message Example header Today s weather footer character_string Reply Footer Specifies a string to appear at the end of outgoing messages In the case of split messages the string appears on every message Example footer sent by the Alligata Server accepted smsc list_of_smsc_identifiers Accepted SMSC identifiers Only messages from SMSCs with these iden
36. Alligata Server has received a WAP data packet from a client and decompressed it it uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP to retrieve data from the relevant content server on the Mobile Internet On receiving an SMS message the Alligata Server scans it for keywords and parameters listed in its Chapter 3 3 About the Alligata Server configuration file see Section 13 1 then sends an automatic reply to the client device depending on which keyword and parameters it encountered This reply can consist of static text or it can be retrieved from a local file a WAP site or a World Wide Web page The Alligata Server s reply to an SMS message is another SMS message This means that in principle it has to be sent to the relevant network operator s SMSC in order to be routed to the recipient device or stored if the recipient device is not accessible Most network operators charge a fee for terrestrial access to their SMSCs but the Alligata Server allows you to circumvent this if you own a GSM modem or a mobile phone that includes a GSM modem such as the Nokia 7110 or 6210 The Alligata Server can use the modem to send SMS messages directly over the airwaves This way you will get charged the same rates as mobile phone users for sending SMS messages from your computer workstation See Section 9 3 2 for details of how to send messages using a GSM modem 3 3 Inside the Alligata Server The Alligata Server is a collection of three programs a B
37. Copyright Copyright Copyright c 2001 3G LAB Limited ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The 3G LAB logo and Alligata logo are copyright of 3G LAB Limited in the US and other countries In addition no part of any documentation contained in or on this packaging may be reproduced in any form whether by electronic means by photocopying or in any permanent or temporary form without the express written permission of 3G LAB Limited or except as in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 as amended or superseded from time to time Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Solaris is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc UltraSPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International Inc Wavecom and WM02 are registered trademarks of Wavecom S A Nokia and Premicell are registered trademarks of Nokia Corporation Siemens and M20T are registered trademarks of Siemens AG Openwave is a trademark of Openwave Systems Inc 3G LAB recognises that other trademarks displayed are the property of their respective holders Revision History Revision svn r5114 2014 11 12 Table of Contents I Part One Getting Started ssssssssssesersesessessrsessssesssscsesseseseesesessesessessssessssessssesessesesessesessesesserers vi LiF Wel Come 222 eeceatarstscpavsspectedthestengarshesscy ge iert Eege en E T 1 1 1 The Alligata Server Package AAA 1 GE Re EE 3 2 1 TAMU XK Meteo eso fe EE MR ERTS 3 Minimum S
38. Language Perl Perl s powerful text processing capabilities make it equally suitable for WAP scripting You call a WAP script from a mobile device exactly as you would call a Web script from a desktop computer the relevant URL just has to point to the script file rather than a WML deck For example http www awapsite net anyscript pl could execute the Perl script anyscript p1 on the WAP site http www awapsite net Of course the script s output needs to be in WML in order to display on a WAP microbrowser To download Perl and to find out more about it visit www Ger com Many books are also available on Perl programming The Alligata Server s example Perl site retrieves system information from its host machine and sends it in WML format to the client device Because the information is retrieved using Linux UNIX commands the Perl script must be running on a Linux or UNIX operating system 76 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites To view the Alligata Server example Perl site select Sysinfo Perl from the Site Examples index You will see the card in Figure 12 7 apc acompany com Up 11 Days b im CPU 24 AVG 1 18 RAM 98 SWP 8 Link Back oe Figure 12 7 From top to bottom this information is as follows Linux 2 2 16 Operating system 19 users Number of logins since the system was started up Up 11 Days 7h54m Time the system has been running CPU 24 AVG
39. Mobile Internet sites e A booklet Your Pocket Guide to the Mobile Internet Chapter 1 1 Welcome e This Alligata Server User Manual e An Alligata Server Quick Reference Guide Chapter 2 2 System Requirements There are two versions of the Alligata Server one for the Linux operating system and one for the Sun Solaris operating system 2 1 Linux Version Minimum System Requirements Hardware e 100 IBM compatible PC with at least 16 MB of RAM e Hard disk with at least 30 MB free e Connection to the telephone network via modem or similar Software e Red Hat Linux version 6 0 6 1 or 6 2 or Mandrake Linux version 7 0 or 7 1 The Alligata Server may run on some other distributions of Linux e Perl version 5 0 or higher Perl is standard in most Linux distributions If you do not have Perl installed download it from www perl org http www perl org Optional Hardware Accessories e Connection to the Internet either dial in or dedicated e GSM modem Wavecom WM02 Nokia Premicell or Siemens M20T or subscription to an SMS Centre SMSC or GSM mobile phone with integrated modem for sending and receiving SMS messages 2 2 Solaris Version Minimum System Requirements Hardware e Sun UltraSPARC with at least 128 MB of RAM Chapter 2 2 System Requirements e Hard disk with at least 30 MB free e Connection to the telephone network Software e Sun Solaris version 7 or 8 Optional Hardware Accessories e C
40. a Server e The hardware and software you need to run the Alligata Server e How to install the Alligata Server from a Linux Solaris windowing system or from the Linux Solaris command prompt How to spread an installation of the Alligata Server across several computers in order to maximise processing capacity The second part Using the Alligata Server is a detailed guide to running configuring and using the Alligata Server It covers the following topics e How to start stop and administer the Alligata Server e How to change the Alligata Server s configuration settings e How to view the example WAP sites provided with the Alligata Server e How to create WAP sites using Wireless Markup Language WML e How to create dynamic WAP sites using the Perl scripting language e How to create dynamic WAP sites using the PHP scripting language How to use the Alligata Server s SMS features to deliver World Wide Web and other content to mobile phones How to use the Alligata Server to send SMS messages from a computer workstation How to configure a mobile phone for a WAP service over the air using the Alligata Server s SMS features 1 1 The Alligata Server Package Your Alligata Server package contains e An installation CD ROM from which you can install the Alligata Server some example WAP sites the Apache Web server the PHP scripting language and some modules for the Perl scripting language that are useful for developing
41. ader UDH that contains non textual information for use by a mobile phone For example a UDH can tell a phone to handle the main body of the message in a particular way such as storing it as a ring tone or as a graphical image to appear when the phone is switched on For information on the format of UDH messages for a particular phone consult the phone s documentation or visit the manufacturer s Web site When you send an SMS message from a computer workstation using HTTP you can include a UDH by using the optional udh parameter For example http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendsms username colin amp password AVOcado amp from 0999666666 amp t0 0898999999 amp text 52 62 1a bb 31 0d 21 84377 bas 7 2 amp udh 31 a7 99SE3S80 db All non alphanumeric characters in the message text and the UDH value must be in hexadecimal format and preceded by a percent sign 87 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging 13 2 2 smsc Parameter You can use the optional smsc parameter to force an SMS message to be sent via a particular SMSC The smsc parameter should have the value set by the smsc id variable in the relevant SMSC group of the configuration file see Section 9 3 2 For example http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendsms username colin amp password AVOcado amp from 0999666666 amp t0 0898999999 amp text All sales stafftreturn totofficetimmediately amp smsc smsc5 13 2 3 SMS Messaging Using HTML Forms Typing complex URLs into a browser
42. alog box opens containing information on the licences used by the Alligata Server package see Figure 4 1 lligata Mobile Internet Server Distribution License Information lligata t bttpzd uu Sglab com lligata contains a core of Kanneltunder the BSD license anne t httpi dw kannel org pache and mod_perl come under the APACHE STYLE license pache t httpi wu apache org etup the installation interface is under LGPL etup httete wu lokigames com HP come under the PHP license HP t httpet wu php net erl comes under both the Artistic and the GPL license er t bttpzd dw perl org Cancel Figure 4 1 Licence dialog box If you agree with the terms of the listed licence agreements click I Agree 10 The main installation dialog box appears see Figure 4 2 12 Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface Global Options Install path opvTGL Ballig Link path usr bin Install Options F Alligata Gateway Kannel core P start the Bearer Bos at boot P start the WAP Box at boot P start the SMS Box at boot F Alligata examples I CGI module for Perl _J HTML module for Perl J HTML tables module for Perl J WML module for Perl Free space 1656 MB Estimated size 1 Ready to install Cancel View Readme Begin Ir Figure 4 2 Main Alligata Server installation dialog box Note the Alligata Server installation program detects whether each item is already instal
43. an move there at short notice with a 3rd tier university degree and at least five years amp apos experience in a marketing environment Must be a people person lt p gt lt card gt lt card id job3 title Job Chief Admin gt lt do type prev label ACME Vacancies gt lt prev gt lt do gt lt p gt E ACME is looking for a new chief of administration If you are a talented manager with a head for figures an eye for detail and a gift for coercion we would like to hear from you lt p gt lt card gt lt wml gt All the features of this file are described elsewhere in this guide It is a deck of four cards with the first card presenting hyperlinks to the other three In the earlier example the link Head of Marketing was chosen which goes to the card job2 Note that once again every card in the deck has a lt prev gt link to return to the previous card 12 3 Example Site 3 Perl System Resource Monitor A WAP site does not need to consist just of static WML files it can also contain scripts that generate WML decks on the fly To generate WML dynamically you can use any of the same scripting languages that are available to generate HTML pages on the World Wide Web All you have to remember is to make your output as concise as possible less than 3000 characters and that it needs to be valid WML One language already widely used for Web scripting is the Practical Extraction and Report
44. an one occurrence of the prefix or suffix then the Alligata Server retrieves everything between the first occurrence of the prefix and the first succeeding occurrence of the suffix Examples prefix lt begin today s weather gt lt end today s weather gt faked sender telephone_number Faked Sender Number Specifies the number shown as the sender s telephone number in outgoing SMS messages for this service faked sender will override any sender numbers specified elsewhere for example the global sender variable in an SMS Box group Note that most SMSCs will replace the faked sender number with their own Example faked sender 44998123456 max messages number Maximum Reply Messages Specifies the maximum number of individual SMS messages allowed in a single reply If max messages is not set in the configuration file it defaults to a value of 1 If max messages is set to 0 then no replies will be sent other than error messages Example max messages 8 split chars list_of_characters Message Split Characters Specifies characters that can be used to split a long outgoing message into several shorter ones The maximum length of a single SMS message will vary depending on whether it uses a 7 bit or an 8 bit format and whether it has a user data header UDH A 7 bit message usually has a maximum length of 160 characters an 8 bit message a maximum length of 140 characters 50 Chapter
45. and at least one SMSC group in the configuration You also need to set the smsbox port variable in the Core group see Section 9 1 47 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server You can include as many SMS Service groups in the configuration as you like Each group defines a single SMS service For instructions on how to implement SMS services see Section 13 group sms service Group Introduces the SMS Service group Required keyword word Service Keyword Defines the keyword that triggers the service Required The keyword can only be a single word without spaces and must always be the first word in incoming messages keyword is case sensitive For example frog Frog and FROG are treated as different keywords If keyword has the value default then the SMS Service will be applied to all incoming messages that do not contain recognised keywords Example keyword football aliases word l word 2 etc Service Keyword Aliases Defines alternative keywords that will trigger the service Multiple aliases must be separated by semicolons Each alias must be a single keyword containing no spaces Example aliases Football FOOTBALL urd Retrieval URL Specifies a URL from which to fetch data The URL can include parameters that are extracted from the incoming SMS message These parameters are expanded by the SMS Box before the request is sent to the World Wide Web Possible parameters are as f
46. ated Starts the Alligata Server in isolated state See Section 3 3 1 for details 28 Chapter 8 8 Running the Alligata Server 8 2 Administering the Alligata Server 8 2 1 Administering the Alligata Server from the Command Line Each Alligata Server box understands four administration commands that can be entered from the Linux or Solaris command line These commands must be in the following formats Linux users etc re d init d box command Solaris users etc init d box command Replace box with one of the strings bearerbox wapbox or smsbox For example etc re d init d wapbox restart The available command line commands are shown in Figure 8 2 Table 8 2 Figure 8 2 Alligata Server command line administration commands start Starts the specified box restart Shuts down the specified box then immediately restarts it stop Shuts down the specified box status Outputs a summary of processes currently being run by the specified box 8 2 2 Administering the Alligata Server Using HTTP You can use a set of HTTP commands to set the Alligata Server s program state see Section 3 3 1 while it is running You can also use the status command to retrieve information about the Alligata Server s current activity Figure 8 3 lists the Alligata Server s HTTP administration commands To send the Alligata Server an HTTP administration command Inthe Location box of a Web browser type t
47. bmp Table 11 2 Figure 11 6 Image attributes alt 3G Lab Logo align middle gt Attribute required Function src SI Specifies the URL of the source file for the image alt ij Specifies text for the browser to display if the image cannot be displayed localsre Specifies a local source for the image vspace Specifies the amount of blank space to appear above and below the image in the microbrowser display hspace Specifies the amount of blank space to appear to the left and the right of the image in the microbrowser display align Specifies the vertical alignment of the image in relation to the surrounding text Must have the value top middle or bottom To change the horizontal alignment of an image enclose it in an appropriately formatted paragraph For example lt p align center gt lt img src lt p gt 68 image wbmp Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML Attribute required Function height width Specify the height and width of the image in pixels This allows the browser to reserve space for it while it loads therest of the card If these attributes are omitted the image is displayed at its actual size though the microbrowser will probably not reserve space for it while the card is loading If the height and width attributes do not match the actual height and width of an image the microbrowser either scales the image to
48. body gt lt html gt In this case a user sending the message proverb to the Alligata Server would receive the reply message Today s proverb A cat in gloves catches no mice The Alligata Server does not require the prefix and suffix of the message to be in comments lt gt but bear in mind that if they are not they will be visible in the Web page if it is viewed from a desktop browser The maximum length of an SMS message is usually 140 or 160 characters depending on whether it is in 7 bit or 8 bit format If the text retrieved by the Alligata Server is longer than this limit the Alligata Server splits it into several messages To do this it uses the variables sp1it chars and split suffix The message is split at an occurrence of one of the characters specified in split chars and all sections of the message except the last have the text specified in sp1it suffix appended to them The Alligata Server splits the message at the nearest previous occurrence of a split character to the maximum message length For example suppose the proverb in potd html is a particularly long one lt html gt lt head gt lt title gt SMS proverb of the day lt title gt lt head gt lt body bgcolor FFFFFF text 000000 gt lt beginprov gt Monday s child is fair of face Tuesday s child is full of grace Wednesday s child is full of woe Thursday s child has far to go Friday s child is loving and giving Saturday
49. bols in your WML file Timers You can incorporate a timer into a WML card or deck using the timer element When a timer runs out an action is performed as specified in the ont imer event handler See Section 11 9 for more details about event handling timer takes a value attribute specifying how long the timer should run for The value is expressed in tenths of a second Here is an example timer implementation lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt card id wait gt lt onevent type ontimer gt lt go href thankyou gt lt onevent gt lt timer value 40 gt lt p gt Please wait lt p gt lt card gt 67 lt card id thankyou gt lt p gt Thank you for waiting lt p gt lt card gt lt wml gt Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML When you first load this file you will see the message Please wait After about four seconds the first card will time out and the second card will appear showing the message Thank you for waiting 11 13 Images WML can include embedded images These must be in two colour wireless bitmap WBMP format There are several free WBMP editors that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web To embed an image in a file use the img element with some or all of the attributes shown in Figure 11 6 For example lt img src 3glab w
50. cally generated WML file like a static WML file must be less than about 3000 bytes long before compression PHP is an open source programming language You can learn about it at the PHP Web site at www php net http www php net This site includes a complete online PHP manual a Quick Reference Guide and a Frequently Asked Questions page The Alligata Server package includes two example PHP sites The first retrieves system information from its host machine s operating system using the upt ime and free Linux UNIX commands and the PHP fsockopen function To view the PHP System Resource Monitor select the link Sysinfo PHP from the Site Examples index You will see the site s main index card see Figure 12 9 78 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites Figure 12 9 Follow any of the three links Load Uptime Memor or Port Status to display the relevant card Example cards are shown below For ease of legibility the content of these cards is shown in full rather than on a microbrowser screen The information in the Load Uptime card is explained in the right column the information in the Memory and the Port Status cards is self explanatory Load Uptime time 2 40pm The time according to the system s clock up 8 d 1 56 The amount of time the system has been running users 7 The number of logins since the system was started up load 1 2 91 The system s average load over the last minute
51. content of the label attribute The name attribute gives the do function an identifier by which scripting languages such as WMLScript can refer to it Suppose a client device associates do type prev with its right navigation button and accepts a WML defined label attribute On such a device our example do function might appear as shown in the bottom right corner of Figure 11 1 Proverb Wizard Name an animal Name a vegetable View proverb Edit 7 sl Figure 11 1 11 9 Events WML allows you to specify automatic actions in a client device that are precipitated by particular events An event must be associated with a particular element in a WML file either card wml or option The response to an event is defined by the onevent element which must occur within the element to which it relates The type of event to respond to is indicated in the t ype attribute of the onevent element Possible values for the t ype attribute are as shown in Figure 11 2 The action undertaken by the client device in response to an event must be defined by one of the task elements go prev noop or refresh The task element must be situated within the onevent element For example lt card gt lt onevent type onenterbackward gt lt go href backwardpeople wml gt lt onevent gt You didn amp apos t enter this card backwards lt card gt 62 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML If a user arrives at this card via a
52. d by carriage returns As with the white list only the last nine digits of the number are read by the Alligata Server If the configuration file contains a black list it should not contain a white list Example black list http www awebsite net alligata black htm 38 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server http proxy host IP_address URL HTTP Proxy Host Identifies a proxy server to be used for HTTP requests Example http proxy host 10 0 0 8 http proxy port port_number HTTP Proxy Port Identifies the port on the proxy server to which the Alligata Server connects Example http proxy port 13005 http proxy exceptions list_of_IP_addresses URLs HTTP Proxy Exceptions Lists Internet addresses to be reached directly rather than via the proxy server for example computers on a local network Multiple values should be separated by spaces Example http proxy exceptions 10 0 0 3 10 0 0 4 access log file_name Access Log File Specifies a file to which to output a log report of SMS messages processed by the Bearer Box Example access log bearerbox access 9 2 WAP Configuration Variables WAP Box group The WAP Box group provides the configuration for the WAP Box or Boxes There cannot be more than one WAP Box group in the main configuration file If you have installed several WAP Boxes on different computers see Section 6 each WAP Box should use a separate configuration file If you are u
53. d or deck via a prev task or any other method that involves moving backwards in the client microbrowser s history stack onclick option Executes the specified action when the user selects or deselects an option 63 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML 11 10 Templates Suppose you create a WML deck consisting of five cards and you want a prev task on every card except the first Rather than repeating the same do statement in each of the four cards which is laborious for you as a WML author and uses up precious bytes in the WML file you can use the template element to specify a task to appear automatically on every card you want Here is an example of a WML file that uses a template element lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt template gt lt do type prev gt lt prev gt lt do gt lt template gt lt card id cardl1 gt lt do type prev gt lt noop gt lt do gt Love speaks even when the lips are closed lt br gt lt a href card2 gt Next proverb lt a gt lt card gt lt card id card2 gt It is an ill dog that deserves not a crust lt br gt lt a href card3 gt Next proverb lt a gt lt card gt lt card id card3 gt He who wants a mule without fault must walk on foot lt br gt lt a href card4 gt Next proverb
54. de_prefixes Denied Telephone Prefix List Lists prefixes of telephone numbers to which messages are not to be sent via this SMSC Numbers in the list are separated by semicolons 44 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server The denied prefix variable may be needed because some SMSCs do not allow messages to be sent to users on different telephone networks to their own denied prefix and preferred prefix can also be useful to direct calls to the cheapest SMSC according to their destination code Example denied prefix 0898 0999 preferred prefix list_of_telephone_code_prefixes Preferred Telephone Prefix List Lists prefixes of telephone numbers that should if possible be sent messages via this SMSC Numbers in the list are separated by semicolons It is possible for a telephone code prefix to be listed as preferred in more than one SMSC group Where this is the case the Alligata Server chooses one of these SMSC groups at random Where a telephone number s prefix is not listed as preferred in any SMSC group the Alligata Server chooses a group at random from all available SMSC groups Example preferred prefix 01487 01223 host IP_address host_name Examples host 10 0 0 20 host acomputer acompany net port port_number SMSC Host Port Identifies the port number on the SMSC host machine used for communication Required Example port 13004 our port port_number Local
55. e secure enables WTLS security Defaults to normal login user_name User login name Example login colin secret password User password Example password KUMquat 55 Chapter 10 10 Creating WAP Documents The Alligata Server allows you to offer users of mobile WAP devices an access point to the Mobile Internet You do not need to provide any WAP content of your own However you will probably want to set up your own WAP services either static WML decks or Common Gateway Interface CGI applications that retrieve data and format it automatically as WML In order to disseminate information on the Mobile Internet all you need is space on the Internet from which a standard HTTP server such as Apache can retrieve data In other words serving WAP data is almost exactly the same as serving Web data The only difference from the point of view of the content provider is that the data sent to the client must be in WML rather than HTML format To all intents and purposes WAP files are Web files but in a different format to that understood by PC Web browsers When the HTTP server to which your Internet space is connected receives a request for WAP data it finds the relevant file and sends it or if it is a CGI application its WML output to the IP address that requested it It sends it using HTTP like a Web file The IP address to which it sends it is that of a WAP gateway for example an installation of the Alligata Server
56. e air Configuration Variables OTA Configuration Group The OTA Configuration group sets the variables for over the air configuration of WAP client devices There are two ways of configuring a client device from a workstation using an HTTP request or from the client device via an SMS Service group See Section 13 3 for instructions on how to configure a client device group otaconfig Group Introduces the OTA Configuration group Required location url Home URL The home URL of the client device Required Example 54 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server location http www awapsite net service string Title of the service as it will appear on client devices Required Example service Acme WAP Servic ipaddress IP_address IP address of the Alligata Server s Bearer Box Example ipaddress 10 0 0 1 phonenumber telephone_number Telephone number via which the client device establishes the point to point Protocol PPP connection with the Alligata Server Example phonenumber 44998123456 bearer string Bearer type either data or sms calltype string Call type either isdn or analogue connection string Connection type either cont continuous or temp temporary Defaults to cont pppsecurity on or off Enables CHAP authentication if set to on Otherwise enables PAP authentication authentication string Authentication mode either normal or secur
57. earer Box a WAP Box and an SMS Box In fact an implementation of the Alligata Server can include any number of WAP Boxes and SMS Boxes all linked to a single Bearer Box All incoming messages pass through the Bearer Box The Bearer Box performs preliminary operations on each message and forwards it on to a WAP or an SMS Box depending on whether it is a WAP or an SMS message A WAP Box implements the WAP protocol stack on incoming WAP messages apart from Wireless Datagram Protocol WDP which is implemented by the Bearer Box It decompresses the WAP data and forwards requests to Internet servers using HTTP see the booklet Your Pocket Guide to the Mobile Internet for more details It then handles the replies from the HTTP servers compresses the replies implements the Wireless Session Protocol WSP and Wireless Transaction Protocol WTP layers of the WAP protocol stack on them and sends them on to the Bearer Box The Bearer Box implements the WDP layer and sends the replies to the client device An SMS Box scans incoming SMS messages for keywords listed in the Alligata Server configuration file It carries out the function associated with the keyword for example retrieving a piece of text from a Web page and sends a reply SMS message via the Bearer Box to the client device 3 3 1 Program States At any given time the Alligata Server can be in one of four states e Running The Alligata Server accepts processes and sends files a
58. ed to an SMSC or a GSM modem If you are subscribed to an SMSC check that you are correctly linked to it and that you have configured the SMS Box and SMSC configuration groups properly see Section 9 If you are using a GSM modem check that it is correctly connected to the computer and that the SMS Box and SMSC configuration groups are properly configured There are errors in the SMS Box or SMSC configuration groups Read Section 9 for information on how to edit the configuration file The Alligata Server example sites cannot be viewed from a WAP client device The example sites have not been installed Rerun the installation program and install the example sites You do not need to reintall the Alligata Server See Sections 4 and 5 for installation instructions HI Appendix A Appendix Troubleshooting Guide Problem Possible Cause There is no HTTP server running on the same computer as the example sites Solution Start your Web server and ensure that the example sites are in the correct directory for the server to find them for example in Linux Apache looked by default in the directory home httpd See Section 12 for instructions on viewing the example sites If you have not installed a Web server you can install the Apache server by rerunning the Alligata Server installation program and selecting the Apache Web server option You do not need to reinstall the wh
59. ent to the same WAP Box as previous messages from the device If on the other hand the message is the first to be received from that client in the current session then it is sent to a WAP box at random A basic system of load balancing is used to avoid bottlenecks forming in any single WAP Box Load balancing works as follows at regular intervals each WAP Box sends a heartbeat message see Section 3 3 3 to the Bearer Box indicating its load that is how many sessions it is currently handling If this load is significantly higher than the load of the least busy WAP box then the Bearer Box stops sending requests from new clients to the busier WAP box When the load of the busier WAP Box has fallen sufficiently or the load of the other WAP Boxes has increased to near its own the busier WAP Box starts to accept requests from new clients again Messages are distributed among the SMS Boxes in the same way as among as the WAP Boxes That is the Bearer Box sends all messages from a particular client to the same SMS Box it assigns messages from new clients to an SMS Box at random and it uses load balancing to prevent unnecessary congestion in any particular SMS Box Within the Alligata Server the Bearer Box acts as a server to the WAP or SMS Boxes Once running it keeps a list of all the WAP and SMS Boxes connected to it This list starts out empty and is extended as boxes start up and announce their presence The Bearer Box is in constant com
60. er Msg from tester H password foo user deny ip 10 0 0 2 user allow ip max messages 2 concatenation 1 The configuration file is a list of variables used by the Alligata Server divided into groups Each group controls a different area of the Alligata Server s functionality The configuration file is a plain text file so you can edit it in any text editor When editing the configuration file note the following points e Groups must be separated by one or more blank lines e Each group must begin with the line group identifier where identifier is one of the group identifiers listed in Figure 9 2 e The format of each variable definition is variable_name value Quotation marks around the value are optional Therefore log file tmp bearer log is equivalent to log file tmp bearer log However quotation marks are required if the value begins or ends with a space or if it contains special characters Within quotation marks standard C escape character syntax operates Table 9 1 Escape characters a Alert b Backspace f Form feed n Newline r Carriage return t Horizontal tab t Vertical tab VW Backslash V Single quotation mark Double quotation mark Ooo Octal value where o represents an octal digit 34 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server xhh Hexadecimal value where h represents a hexadecimal dig
61. ere necessary a WSP state machine for the packet The same WTP machine and WSP machine handle all packets from a given client session If a packet arrives in a WAP Box while the WTP machine for which it is destined is still processing the previous packet then the WAP Box sets up a queue specific to that WTP machine This is preferable to creating a new thread for waiting WDP packets as it reduces the risk of the WAP Box s thread table becoming full when traffic is very heavy Once the WTP and WSP layers of the WAP protocol stack have been implemented on the incoming message the WAP Box converts it into an HTTP request and sends it to the relevant server on the Mobile Internet On receiving an HTTP reply from the Mobile Internet server the WAP Box compresses the reply implements the WSP and WTP layers of the WAP protocol stack on it and sends it to the Bearer Box along the TCP connection 3 3 5 SMS Box The design of an SMS Box is straightforward An SMS Box receives SMS messages from the Bearer Box via its TCP connection parses each message in order to extract keywords and parameters from it and then executes a service according to which keyword the message contains The keyword is the first word in the message any other words are interpreted as parameters See Section 13 1 for more information If the SMS service in question has a url variable defined in the configuration file see Section 9 3 3 then the SMS Box sends an HTTP reque
62. f messages very quickly If the TCP stream between the Bearer Box and a WAP or SMS Box fails for any reason the Bearer Box notices this and removes the disconnected box from its list of available boxes Any packets from phones that were routed to this box are then treated as packets from new clients and redirected by the Bearer Box to an alternative WAP Box When a WAP Box receives a message from a new client that it identifies as being from the middle of a session it sends an error message to the client device A WAP or SMS Box can also go catatonic its TCP stream to the Bearer Box is still running but it is not responding to any messages So that the Bearer Box knows when this has happened WAP and SMS Boxes send heartbeat packets at regular intervals effectively telling the Bearer Box that they are running and functioning normally If the Bearer Box stops receiving heartbeat messages from another box it assumes there is a problem even though the TCP stream may still be running and removes the box from its list When the ailing box recovers and announces its presence the Bearer Box reopens the connection 3 3 4 WAP Box A WAP Box receives data in WDP packets through its TCP connection with the Bearer Box It implements the and WSP layers of the WAP protocol stack on the packets and then decompresses them Each incoming WDP packet is handled by a single program thread This thread creates and manages a WTP state machine and wh
63. fix character_string Message Split Suffix Where a long message is split into two or more shorter ones specifies a string to appear at the end of each message except the last Example split suffix cont omit empty number Omit Empty Messages If set to a number other than 0 stops messages containing no data being sent to the user Example omit empty 1 header character_string message Header Specifies a string to appear at the beginning of outgoing messages In the case of split messages the string appears on every message Example 53 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server header Message from your manager footer character_string message Footer Specifies a string to appear at the end of outgoing messages In the case of split messages the string appears on every message Example footer Sent by Alligata Server forced smsc smsc_identifier Forced SMSC Identifier Forces SMS messages to be sent via the specified SMSC See smsc idin Section 9 3 2 Example forced smsc smscl smsc2 default smsc smsc_identifier Default SMSC Identifier Specifies an SMSC via which messages are to be sent unless an alternative SMSC is specified in the smsc parameter in the message itself see Section 13 2 2 Example default smsc smscl concatenation 0_or 1 If set to 1 allows concatenation of multiple SMS messages in the client device Example concatenation 1 9 4 Over th
64. from the user and invokes view php3 view php3 Invokes 1ib mailbox php3 to display the mailbox message php3 Invokes lib mailmessage php3 to display a message Library files lib mailbox php3 Sets up the class mailbox which defines the contents of a mailbox lib mailmessage php3 Sets up the class mailMessage which defines the contents of a message lib mesgretrieve php3 Prepares messages for WML display lib wmlheader php3 Defines a header for a WML file lib escaper php3 Converts escape characters 83 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging The Alligata Server enables you to use SMS in three ways e To implement dynamic services such as retrieval of information from Web pages in response to keywords contained in incoming SMS messages from mobile phones e To send SMS messages to mobile phones from a personal computer using HTTP commands e To configure WAP phones to use a particular WAP service from a computer workstation Before you can set up SMS keyword services or send SMS messages from a computer you need to create an SMS Box group and an SMSC group in the configuration file see Section 9 You must also have a subscription to an SMSC or a connection to a GSM modem as explained in Section 9 3 2 Some example settings are shown in Figure 13 1 Figure 13 1 Example SMS Box and SMSC group configuration settings group smsbox bearerbox host localhost sendsms
65. g DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt card id cardl gt lt p gt This is a WML card lt p gt lt p gt lt a href card2 gt Next card lt a gt lt p gt lt card gt lt card id card2 gt lt p gt And this is another 60 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML lt p gt lt p gt lt a href cardl gt Previous card lt a gt lt p gt lt card gt lt wml gt You can also link to a specific card in another deck by appending a hash and the card s id to the URL For example lt a href anotherfile wml acertaincard gt Go to that card lt a gt Here the link Go to that card takes the user to the card acertaincard in the deck anotherfile wml 11 8 Tasks do Element The do element allows you to incorporate simple interactive features into a WML card without reference to any particular item on the card How the user activates a do task depends on the device manufacturer s implementation of WML The general idea is that a do function should be independent of where the user has scrolled to on the page which hyperlink is currently highlighted and so on Typically a do function will be activated by a physical button on the client device A do element can perform one of four basic functions depending on which of the following elements is present between its start and end tags These elements are called tasks go Navigates to another WAP deck site or card by means of an
66. h a semicolon Some of the most common entity references in WML are 57 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML amp lt less than lt amp gt greater than gt amp apos apostrophe amp quot quotation mark amp nbsp non breaking space Tags are the pieces of information held within angled brackets lt gt Tags can do one of several things they can describe to the microbrowser how to format content tell it to display non textual items where they occur or describe an action for the microbrowser to perform in certain circumstances Tags are not visible to the user of the client device Many tags occur in pairs with a start tag immediately before the section of the file they relate to and a corresponding end tag after it An end tag always has a forward slash immediately after the opening angled bracket In the example file you can see that the letters WML have a lt big gt tag before them and a lt big gt tag after them These tags tell the microbrowser to display the content between them in large text So on your microbrowser the sentence will look like this This is static WML text A tag that does not have a closing tag is called an empty tag empty because it has no content or other tags inside it An example is the tag lt img alt 3G Lab Logo src 3glab wbmp align middle gt This tag tells the browser to display the image file 3glab wbmp where it occurs Note that an empty
67. hbsesdocs rees Enos PESSE 55 LZ MI Validation Tags ert NEEN eriei eE a EEE EEEE EASES RE eae 56 11 5 The wml Element est EEAE ENEE EAR EE eE Er E E 56 11 6 Paragraphs inna e e AER 56 fg Vu 57 11 8 lt Tasks do El ment EE 58 TIO Events ieee ea ie e EE E Sates E SS 59 T110 Templates ni a a E r E E E T RE E 60 UEL Martableg a E EE ET 62 TEIZ TIME EE 64 11 13 EE 64 12 12 Pxample EE 66 12 1 Example Site 1 Static WML Gmmple 67 12 2 Example Site 2 Static WML Complex 67 12 3 Example Site 3 Perl System Resource Monitor ssssesssseseessreersrsseressrerrsrnrrrreseerereereees 72 12 4 Example Site 4 PHP System Resource Monitor 73 12 5 Example Site a PAT PHP Ma EERSTEN EEN 76 13 13 SMS Messaging 2555 eioi eisie isotone E tate hwo ood EEE woe tee ove oes 79 13 1 Implementing SMS Keyword Services ssesssseeesesresrseesrerssrerrsrsrerrssreresrnreeresenrereereees 79 13 1 1 SMS Service Parameter kee sseek ssion esr sueo euo e eie borisi sa r eE 81 13 2 Sending SMS Messages Using HIT 82 13 2 1 User Data Headers udh parameter 00 0 eeeeseeeceeseeesceeeeceeeceeeeececeeeecaeceneeeeees 82 KEE ER 13 2 3 SMS Messaging Using HTML Forms occ eee ceeeseesecesceeeeeeeeeeeneeseesneenees 83 13 3 Over the air OTA Configuration of WAP Client Devices Using SMS 84 A Appendix Troubleshooting Guide scscccsccsssssssscescssssssescssscsscesesssscssssssscssessecesecsesssccssssessees 86 List of Tables
68. he command using the following syntax http hostname port cgi bin command password password http localhost 13004 cgi bin suspend password PAPaya The port number 13004 in the example must be the same as that defined by the admin port variable in the Core configuration group see Section 9 1 The command must be one of the five HTTP administration commands listed in Figure 8 3 The password must be that defined by the admin password variable in the Core configuration group Note that the status command requires no password To save having to type a whole URL for each command you can create an HTML form Here is one for the shutdown command lt form name httpadmin method get action http localhost 13004 cgi bin shutdown gt 29 lt br gt lt input type text Chapter 8 8 Running the Alligata Server Enter Alligata Server administration password password value gt lt input type submit value Shut down the Alligata Server gt lt form gt Table 8 3 Figure 8 3 Alligata Server HTTP administration commands status Retrieves the following information about the Alligata Server s current activity the program state the total number of data packets queuing in the system the total number of WAP Box and SMS Box connections No password is required suspend Sets the Alligata Server s state to suspended isolate Sets the Alligata Server s state to isolated resu
69. href attribute prev Navigates to the previous URL on the client s history stack noop Does nothing This can be useful for certain purposes for example to override a default task set in the template element of a deck see Section 11 10 refresh Resets the current deck to the state it was in when it was first loaded As well as resetting the visual display of a deck refresh can also be made to reset variables see Section 11 11 Here is an example do statement lt do type prev label Go Back name goback gt lt prev gt lt do gt This do element includes three attributes The type attribute gives the client browser an indication of what category of tasks the current task belongs to Possible values include accept prev help reset options and ol Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML delete Note that the type attribute has no bearing on the actual function of the task element it simply allows the client browser to decide how to display it For example the Nokia 7110 WAP phone displays a do element of the prev type in the bottom right corner of the screen and associates it with the right navigation button The label attribute tells the browser what wording to assign to the function on screen In some instances a client device may automatically override a label attribute for example the Nokia 7110 phone always labels a do type prev function as Back regardless of the
70. ing Alligata 34 LABs Mobile Please visit our website for Updates and support Launch Browser Exit View Readme Figure 4 4 Thank You dialog box Click Launch browser to go to the 3G LAB Web site where you can receive information about Alligata Server updates and support Click Exit to cancel the installation Click View Readme to view the Readme file Click Continue to complete the installation 13 If you clicked Continue the dialog box in Figure 4 5 will appear 16 Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface Install Complete Congratulations The installation was successfully comp The software was installed in foptTGLBallig Exit Figure 4 5 Install Complete dialog box 14 Click Exit to finish the installation or View Readme to view the Readme file 15 To start the Alligata Server follow the instructions in Section 8 1 17 Chapter 5 5 Installation from the Command Line If your Linux or Solaris system does not include a graphical user interface the installation program will install the Alligata Server using the command line procedure described in this section To install the Alligata Server from the command line NY rz LA oo Place the Alligata Server CD ROM in the CD ROM drive At the command prompt type su and press ENTER You will be prompted for the root password Type the password of the root user and press ENTER You wi
71. ing defined by its own a element Note that the card begins with a do element which implements a prev link to allow navigation back to the previous card We selected the hyperlink ACME Vacancies from this menu As you can see from the source WML that link goes to the file employ wm1 which looks like this lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTID WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt card id employ title Vacancies gt lt do type prev label ACME lt prev gt lt do gt lt a href jobl gt Systems Analyst lt a gt lt br gt lt a href job2 gt Head of Marketing lt a gt lt br gt lt a href job3 gt Chief of Admin lt a gt lt br gt lt a href contact wml gt Contact ACME lt a gt lt card gt lt card id job1 title Job lt do type prev label ACME lt prev gt lt do gt lt p gt E A position has opened for a Please send us your CV if you home gt Systems Analyst gt Vacancies gt Systems Analyst think you are suitably skilled in Systems Analysis lt p gt lt card gt lt card id job2 title Job Marketing Head gt lt do type prev label ACME Vacancies gt 73 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites lt prev gt lt do gt lt p gt ACME is looking for a new head of Marketing someone who is living in Tibet or c
72. irectory is usually mnt cdron in Solaris it is usually cdrom cdrom0 If you are running your Linux Solaris session as root you can continue by double clicking the install icon in the file manager window This will take you straight to step 8 Open a terminal window In the terminal window type su at the command prompt and press ENTER You will be prompted for the root password Type the password of the root user and press ENTER You will be returned to the command prompt At the command prompt type mount path_of_your_system s_CD ROM_mount_point In Linux the path of the CD ROM mount point is usually mnt cdrom in Solaris it is usually cdrom cdrom0 or something similar For example mount mnt cdrom Press ENTER If your version of Linux or Solaris automounts CD ROMs you can ignore this step Change directory to your system s CD ROM mount point For example Linux users should type cd mnt cdrom and press ENTER Type install and press ENTER Solaris users The installation program requires Perl to be installed on your system If Perl is not found for example if you are running the default Solaris 7 system you will be prompted to install it Perl is not installed or is not in your command path Il Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface Do you want to install Perl now y N Type Y ENTER to install Perl or N ENTER to abort installation 9 A di
73. it e Within a group each variable definition must be followed by a single carriage return e A hash at the start of a line indicates a comment The Alligata Server will ignore this line e The Alligata Server reads the configuration file when it is started up If you make changes to the configuration file while it is running then you must restart the Alligata Server before they will be implemented A summary of the characteristics of each configuration group is shown in Figure 9 2 Table 9 2 Figure 9 2 Summary of Alligata Server configuration groups Group Required Multiple groups Identifier in Function allowed configuration file group 3 Core Yes No core Configures the Bearer Box WAP Box No No wapbox Configures the WAP Box SMS Box No No smsbox Configures the SMS Box SMSC No Yes smsc Configures the connection to an SMSC SMS Service No Yes sms service Configures an SMS keyword service Send SMS User No Yes sendsms user Configures a user account for sending SMS messages from a PC workstation via HTTP OTA No No otaconfig Provides settings for over the air OTA configuration of client devices The rest of this section consists of a full list of all the variables that can be used in the Alligata Server configuration file Variables are arranged by group 35 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server 9 1 Core Configuration Variables Core gro
74. l start up 2 To start the WAP Box type 26 Chapter 8 8 Running the Alligata Server etc re d init d wapbox start at the command prompt and press ENTER The WAP Box will start up 3 To start the SMS Box type etc re d init d smsbox start at the command prompt and press ENTER The SMS Box will start up Solaris users At the command prompt type etc init d box start where box is one of the strings bearerbox wapbox or smsbox Press ENTER The procedure to start the Bearer Box WAP Box and SMS Box on a single Linux workstation is therefore as follows 1 To start the Bearer Box type etc init d bearerbox start at the command prompt and press ENTER The Bearer Box will start up N To start the WAP Box type etc init d wapbox start at the command prompt and press ENTER The WAP Box will start up E To start the SMS Box type etc init d smsbox start at the command prompt and press ENTER The SMS Box will start up 8 1 3 Method 3 This method of starting the Alligata Server allows you to enter command line options that customise the way each box runs Using this method the procedure to start up the Bearer Box WAP Box and SMS Box on a single workstation is as follows 1 To start the Bearer Box type bearerbox 27 Chapter 8 8 Running the Alligata Server at the command prompt and press ENTER You can use command line options to override some of the settings in the configuration file See C
75. le that the microbrowser loaded when it visited the site Static Complex is called index wml Its source is as follows lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt card id logo ontimer menu title Welcome to ACME newcontext true gt lt timer value 30 gt lt img alt ACME corp src acmelogo wbmp align middle gt lt card gt lt card id menu name menu title the ACME menu gt lt do type prev label ACME home gt lt prev gt lt do gt lt a href info wml gt What is ACME lt a gt lt br gt lt a href contact wml gt Contacting ACME lt a gt lt br gt lt a href employ wml gt ACME Vacancies lt a gt lt br gt lt a href wpaper wml gt ACME White Paper lt a gt lt card gt lt wml gt Remember that your microbrowser does not see this data but a compressed version of it that is less easy for a human being to decipher but quicker to transmit and using less of the client device s limited memory The first two tags in the file are the XML validation tags lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml1 gt As we saw earlier every WML file needs to start with these tags which specify which versions of XML and WML the file conforms to see Section
76. led on your system Items already installed do not appear in the installation dialog box For example if your computer already contains an installation of the Apache server the option Apache Web server will not appear in the dialog box In the dialog box select the items you want to install See Figure 4 3 for an explanation of the options in the installation dialog box Figure 4 3 a Global Options Install path Shows the directory into which the Alligata Server program files are installed Defaults to usr share alligata in Linux and opt TGLBallig in Solaris The install path cannot be changed 13 Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface Binary directory Shows the directory into which the Alligata Server s binary files are installed Defaults to usr bin and cannot be changed Figure 4 3 b Installation Options Alligata Gateway Kannel core Installs the Alligata Server on the current computer including the Bearer Box one WAP Box and one SMS Box If you want to install extra WAP and SMS Boxes on other computers see Section 6 Start the Bearer Box at boot If selected causes the Alligata Server s Bearer Box to be started automatically every time the computer is booted Start the WAP Box at boot If selected causes the WAP Box to be started automatically every time the computer is booted Start the SMS Box at boot If selected causes the SMS Box to be started automatically every time
77. les Y n Y installs the Alligata Server example WAP sites In Linux these are installed into nome httpd alligata wml In Solaris 7 they are installed into usr local apache alligata wml In Solaris 8 they are installed into etc apache alligata wml Section 12 provides a guide to viewing using and understanding the example sites Install Apache Web server N y Y installs the Apache Web server You will need Apache to view the example sites 19 Chapter 5 5 Installation from the Command Line Install Development files for the Apache Web server N y Linux only Y installs the Apache development package You will need this package if you plan to extend Apache for example to write a new module If the computer already contains an installation of Apache the Alligata Server installation program updates the Apache configuration for WML and WBMP file formats Install Apache manuals N y Linux only Y installs the Apache manuals into the directory home httpd htm1 manual To view the index page open the file index html in a Web browser such as Netscape or Lynx Install PHP language N y Y installs the PHP scripting language PHP is used by two of the Alligata Server example WAP sites It can be very useful for developing Web and WAP applications In the Solaris installation this option includes the PHP IMAP module see below Install IMAP module for the PHP language N y Linux only Y installs the
78. ll be prompted for the root password At the command prompt type mount path_of_your_system s_CD ROM_mount_point In Linux the path of the CD ROM mount point is usually mnt cdrom in Solaris it is usually cdrom cdrom0 or something similar For example mount mnt cdrom Press ENTER If your version of Linux or Solaris automounts CD ROMs you can ignore this step Change directory to your system s CD ROM mount point For example Linux users should type cd mnt cdrom and press ENTER Type install and press ENTER Solaris users The installation program requires Perl to be installed on your system If Perl is not found for example if you are running the default Solaris 7 system you will be prompted to install it Perl is not installed or is not in your command path Do you want to install Perl now y N Type Y ENTER to install Perl or N ENTER to abort installation Information on the licence agreements used by the Alligata Server package will be displayed on the screen together with the question Do you agree with the licence Y n 18 Chapter 5 5 Installation from the Command Line If you agree type Y ENTER or just ENTER VM Information on the installation and binary paths appears on the screen For example Install path set to usr share alligata Binary path set to usr bin Note you cannot change the installation and binary paths 1 gt You will be presen
79. lligata Server command line command you must be logged in as root Therefore before using any of the command line commands in this section change to root as follows 1 At the command prompt type su and press ENTER You will be prompted for the password of root 2 Type the password of root and press ENTER You will be returned to the command prompt as root Once the Alligata Server is running its user will change from root to that specified by the user variable in the Core group of the configuration file By default this user is alligata 8 1 Starting the Alligata Server Each box in the Alligata Server needs to be started separately The Bearer Box must be started before any of the WAP or SMS Boxes There are three methods of starting the Alligata Server To start the Alligata Server 8 1 1 Method 1 If when you installed the Alligata Server you selected Sat the Bearer Box at boot Start the WAP Box at boot or Start the SMS Box at boot then the relevant box will start automatically each time you boot up the computer 8 1 2 Method 2 Linux users At the command prompt type etc re d init d box start where box is one of the strings bearerbox wapbox or smsbox Press ENTER The procedure to start the Bearer Box WAP Box and SMS Box on a single Linux workstation is therefore as follows 1 To start the Bearer Box type etc re d init d bearerbox start at the command prompt and press ENTER The Bearer Box wil
80. match the attributes or else ignores the attributes and shows the image at its actual size 69 Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites Included on the Alligata Server CD ROM are five example WAP sites If you installed the example sites along with the Alligata Server see Sections 4 and 5 and you have an HTTP server such as Apache running on your computer you can view them from a WAP phone or a WAP phone emulator The example sites are illustrations of the kinds of service you can implement using WAP You can create simple sites using just WML or you can incorporate dynamic features into them using scripting languages like Perl and PHP The most important thing to remember is to keep the files you serve as small and simple as possible A compiled WML file should not be larger than 1400 bytes which means the size of your source WML file should not exceed about 3000 characters To view the example WAP sites 1 If you have not already done so install the Alligata Server as described in Sections 4 and 5 If you are installing from a graphical user interface select Alligata Server example sites in the main installation dialog box If you are installing from the command prompt enter Y when you are asked Install Alligata Server examples N Start the Bearer Box and the WAP Box using any of the methods described in Section 8 1 LA Start the Web server For example to start Apache Linux users Type etc re d init
81. me Sets the Alligata Server s state to running if it has been suspended or isolated shutdown Sets the Alligata Server s state to shutdown The shutdown process once begun cannot be stopped though the Alligata Server s status can still be queried If a second shutdown command is sent the Alligata Server will close down immediately regardless of whether any packets are still held in queues 8 2 3 Monitoring the Alligata Server Using less You can monitor the Alligata Server s activity by opening the log files using the UNIX less command for example less var log alligata bearerbox 1og To watch a log file update while the Alligata Server is running press SHIFT F from within less Shutting down an Alligata Server box There are two methods of shutting down an Alligata Server box To shut down an Alligata Server box 30 Chapter 8 8 Running the Alligata Server 8 3 1 Method 1 Linux users From the command line type etc re d init d box stop replacing box with the relevant box name bearerbox wapbox or smsbox For example etc re d init d wapbox stop Solaris users From the command line type etc init d box stop replacing box with the relevant box name bearerbox wapbox or smsbox For example etc rce d init d wapbox stop 8 3 2 Method 2 e Send the Alligata Server an HTTP shutdown administration command see Section 8 2 2 Note that this method can only be used
82. messages will be sent Over the air OTA SMS configuration messages are not reaching the target mobile phone The variable max messages in the OTA configuration group is set too low in the configuration file OTA configuration messages are usually too long to fit in a single SMS message Set the variable max messages in the OTA configuration group to a value of 2 or higher 93
83. microbrowser to wait about three seconds before performing the action specified in the card s ont imer attribute Note that because timer is an empty element that is one without a closing tag its tag must end in a forward slash The remaining element in the card is img with three attributes e alt ACME corp tells the microbrowser to display the text ACME corp if it cannot load the image for any reason e src acmelogo wbmp tells the microbrowser that the image to be displayed is the file acmelogo wbmp e align middle tells the microbrowser to centre the image vertically in relation to the surrounding text img like timer is an empty element so the tag needs a forward slash at the end of it Finally the card ends with a lt card gt tag The second card in the deck looks like this lt card id menu name menu title The ACME Menu gt lt do type prev label ACME home gt lt prev gt lt do gt lt a href info wml gt What is ACME lt a gt lt br gt lt a href contac Contacting ACM lt a gt lt br gt lt a href employ wml gt wml gt Al d ACME Vacancies 74 lt a gt lt br gt lt a href wpaper wml gt ACME White Paper lt a gt lt card gt Chapter 12 12 Example WAP Sites This is the menu that appeared when the ACME logo card timed out As you can see it is a list of hyperlinks to other WML files with each hyperlink be
84. munication with the WAP and SMS Boxes via heartbeat messages see Section 3 3 3 and dynamically updates its list of connected WAP and SMS Boxes as new boxes connect and old ones disconnect As well as receiving incoming messages the Bearer Box processes all outgoing messages from the Alligata Server s WAP and SMS Boxes adapting each message to the bearer service of the client s network In the case of WAP messages it also implements the WDP layer of the WAP protocol stack Since all incoming and outgoing messages pass through a single Bearer Box there is a risk of bottlenecks arising when traffic becomes very heavy The Alligata Server is designed so that the Bearer Box does as little processing on each data packet as possible thereby reducing this risk particularly if there are several WAP and SMS Boxes running on different computers 3 3 3 Communication Between the Boxes Data is exchanged between the Bearer Box and the WAP and SMS Boxes via Transmission Control Protocol TCP stream TCP is a protocol suited for use in wide area networks such as the Internet and Chapter 3 3 About the Alligata Server its incorporation into the Alligata Server means that the Bearer Box WAP Boxes and SMS Boxes can be run on separate computers if required The advantages of this set up are clear it means that outside the Bearer Box groups of packets can be processed simultaneously and therefore the Alligata Server can process high volumes o
85. n be used If an SMS Service group contains a url variable it cannot also contain a file or a text see below There can only be one uc in an SMS Service group url can be used in conjunction with prefix and suffix to retrieve a section of a Web page Example url http www awebsite net cgi salary user s amp password s employee r file file_name Retrieval File Specifies a file on a local disk from which to fetch data The whole of the file is retrieved except for the last character usually a line feed If an SMS Service group contains a file it cannot also contain a url or a text There can only be one file in an SMS Service group file supports all the parameters listed under url Examples file replies areply txt file info s text character_string Reply Text Specifies a static text message to be sent to the client If an SMS Service group contains a text it cannot also contain a url or a file There can only be one text in an SMS Service group 49 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server text supports all the parameters listed under url Examples text All is well over here text You wrote Sr prefix character_string suffix character_string Retrieval Prefix and Suffix Used in conjunction with url The Alligata Server retrieves all text between but not including the prefix and the suffix in the target Web page Tags are stripped out If the target page contains more th
86. nd any other selected items on your system Installation progress is displayed on the screen When installation is complete the following messages will be displayed on the screen Thank you for installing the Alligata Server 3G LAB s Mobile Internet Server Please visit our Web site for updates and support Would you like to launch a Web browser Y n To visit the 3G LAB Web site select Y If you select N the following message will be displayed on the screen Installation complete To start the Alligata Server follow the instructions in Section 8 1 21 Chapter 6 6 Installing Multiple WAP and SMS Boxes The Alligata Server installation program installs a Bearer Box a WAP Box and an SMS Box onto a personal computer running Linux or Solaris The following instructions assume you have already installed the Alligata Server on a personal computer running Linux or Solaris Computer A If you have not yet installed the Alligata Server please follow the instructions in Section 4 for installation from a graphical user interface or Section 5 for installation from the command line You can add any number of extra WAP and SMS Boxes to an installation of the Alligata Server To add a WAP Box to an installation of the Alligata Server 1 Connect a computer running Linux or Solaris Computer B to Computer A using TCP IP 2 Install a complete copy of the Alligata Server onto Computer B as described in Sections 4 and 5 3
87. nd messages normally e Suspended The Alligata Server does not accept any new WAP requests or messages from SMSCs The Bearer Box does not allow new WAP or SMS Boxes to connect to it No messages or files are sent out e Isolated The Alligata Server does not accept any new WAP requests or messages from SMSCs However it continues processing messages already in its system and accepts SMS messages sent via HTTP see Section 13 2 Chapter 3 3 About the Alligata Server e Shutdown The Alligata Server performs the shutdown procedure New WAP requests and SMS messages are refused Requests already being processed are carried through When all queues in the boxes have been processed the Alligata Server closes down You can change the state of the Alligata Server using HTTP administration commands See Section 8 2 2 There follows a more detailed look at the components of the Alligata Server You do not need to know this information to use the Alligata Server but you may find it of interest 3 3 2 Bearer Box The Bearer Box is the interface between the mobile telephone network and the rest of the Alligata Server It receives data from mobile phones via network bearer services or SMSCs On receiving a WAP data packet from a mobile device the Bearer Box implements the WDP layer of the WAP protocol stack on it and sends it on to a WAP Box If a session is already running between the Alligata Server and the client device then the message is s
88. nded_wapsite_address com x device home url Device Home For Openwave s UP Browser defines the client s WML home deck The actual URL supplied by the Openwave microbrowser is DEVICE home Both parts of the variable definition are implicitly right truncated Thus device home http www devicehome com is equivalent to is equivalent to Example device home http www devicehome com 9 3 SMS Configuration Variables SMS Box SMSC SMS Service and Send SMS User groups 9 3 1 SMS Box group The SMS Box group provides the configuration for the SMS Box There cannot be more than one SMS Box group in the main configuration file If you have installed several SMS Boxes on different computers see Section 6 each SMS Box should use a separate configuration file If you are using the Alligata Server for SMS messaging remember also to set the smsbox port variable in the Core group see Section 9 1 If you are not using the Alligata Server for SMS messaging then no SMS Box group is necessary 41 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server group smsbox Group Introduces the SMS Box group Required bearerbox host IP_address URL Bearer Box Host Identifies the computer hosting the Bearer Box Required Examples bearerbox host localhost bearerbox host 10 0 0 1 bearerbox host acomputer asite net sendsms port port_number Send SMS Port Specifies the port via
89. ole of the Alligata Server See Sections 4 and 5 for installation instructions The message OK was displayed when each Alligata Server box was started but the Alligata Server is not responding to any WAP or SMS requests The Alligata Server may have been forced to close down by an error Check the Alligata Server log files for information about whatever caused the program to close down When the Bearer Box was instructed to start the message Could not connect to the port was displayed The Bearer Box is already running At the Linux command prompt type ps ef grep box This will output a list that includes all Alligata Server processes If any of the processes are named bearerbox then the Bearer Box is already running Outgoing SMS messages are not being sent by the Bearer Box The connection to your SMSC or GSM modem is faulty Check the connection to your SMS Centre or GSM modem Ensure that the SMS Box and SMSC groups in the configuration file are properly set up 92 Appendix A Appendix Troubleshooting Guide Problem Possible Cause An SMS Service group is misconfigured Solution Check in the configuration file that the relevant SMS Service group is properly configured A common problem is that the max messages variable is set too loiw If an outgoing message needs splitting into more messages than allowed by max messages not all the
90. ollows Table 9 5 Possible parameters in the URL template The next word from the incoming SMS message starting with the second word since the first word is the keyword Characters that can be ambiguous in URLs are converted into hexadecimal ASCII codes for example is converted into 2B After each s the URL parser moves on to the next word in the oe n message As s but is converted to tilde This can be useful for users whose mobile phones do not allow to be entered In addition potentially ambiguous characters are not encoded oe n 48 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server oe K All the remaining words in the message For example if the message is foo bar foobar baz and bar has already been parsed by a zz then Sr denotes foobar baz foo of course being the keyword oe w All words in the incoming SMS message including the first word oe ca The time the message was sent formatted as YYYY MM DD space HH MM for example 2000 07 28 15 56 The telephone number of the recipient of the SMS message oe IO oe as The telephone number of the sender of the SMS message As p except that a leading 00 is replaced with oe Q oe 10 As P except that a leading 00 is replaced with These parameters can also be used with the file and text variables See Section 13 1 for examples of how parameters ca
91. ommand Line Options below The Bearer Box will start up N To start the WAP Box type wapbox at the command prompt and press ENTER You can use command line options to override some of the settings in the configuration file See Command Line Options below The WAP Box will start up LA To start the SMS Box type smsbox at the command prompt and press ENTER You can use command line options to override some of the settings in the configuration file See Command Line Options below The SMS Box will start up For each box you can use a different configuration file from the default file by including the path and name of the relevant file after the command For example bearerbox etc alligata2 conf Command Line Options If you start up the Alligata Server using Method 3 you can include options in the command line you use to start up each box The format for command line options is box option value For example bearerbox v 2 The available command line options are shown in Figure 8 1 Table 8 1 Figure 8 1 Alligata Server command line options F file_name Log file name Does not override the log file name setting in the configuration file but outputs to both files V number_0 4 Verbosity level for output to the log file specified with PO provides most detail 4 least The default value is 1 S Suspended Starts the Alligata Server in suspended state See Section 3 3 1 for details I Isol
92. onnection to the Internet either dial in or dedicated e GSM modem Wavecom WM02 Nokia Premicell or Siemens M20T or subscription to an SMS Centre SMSC or GSM mobile phone with integrated modem for sending and receiving SMS messages 2 3 Optional Software Included with the Alligata Server In addition to the Alligata Server software the Alligata Server CD ROM includes the following items of open source software which you may find useful in setting up Mobile Internet services e Apache Web server e PHP scripting language e Common Gateway Interface CGI HTML parser HTML tables and WML modules for the Perl scripting language The Alligata Server installation program gives you the option of installing any or all of these pieces of software at the same time as installing the Alligata Server Chapter 3 3 About the Alligata Server 3 1 What is the Alligata Server The Alligata Server is two applications in one a WAP gateway and an SMS server As a WAP gateway the Alligata Server is an entry point to the Mobile Internet If you are a system administrator you can use it to link your company s employees or clients mobile WAP phones to a local intranet or to the whole Mobile Internet By using your own installation of the Alligata Server rather than a WAP gateway belonging to a telephone network operator or an Internet Service Provider ISP you have complete control over what services you offer your WAP phone users and you can
93. s Location box can be tedious and if you expect to be sending a lot of SMS messages it is worth creating an HTML form for the task Use the HTTP GET method and define variables in HTML input objects Constant values can be embedded in hidden objects Variable names should be specified in the name attributes of the relevant elements and the corresponding values in value attributes For example lt html gt lt head gt lt title gt SMS Message Sender lt title gt lt head gt lt body bgcolor FFFFFF text 000000 gt lt h1 gt SMS Message Sender lt h1 gt lt form name sendsms method get action http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendsms gt lt input type hidden name username value tester gt lt input type hidden name password value foobar gt lt input type hidden name from value 0999666666 gt lt p gt Telephone number lt br gt lt input type text size 30 name to gt lt p gt lt p gt Message lt br gt lt textarea cols 25 rows 5 name text gt lt textarea gt lt p gt lt p gt User Data Header optional lt br gt lt input type text size 30 name udh gt lt p gt lt input type submit value Send Message gt lt br gt lt form gt lt body gt lt html gt The appearance of this form in a Web browser is shown in Figure 13 5 88 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging SMS Message Sender Telephone number Message
94. s into your cards and decks without getting involved in the complexities of scripting languages like WMLScript Note that the only variables allowed in WML are strings There are a number of ways in which you can specify variables One of the most useful is via the input element which allows the user to enter information into the client device s interface Here is a very simple WML deck that writes a proverb based on terms the user enters through the input element lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml gt lt wml gt lt card id card1l title Proverb Wizard gt Name an animal lt input name animal gt Name a vegetable lt input name vegetable gt lt a href card2 gt View proverb lt a gt lt card gt lt card id card2 title Your proverb gt lt do type accept label Another gt 65 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML lt go href cardl gt lt do gt A small S animal may eat a large vegetable lt card gt lt wml gt When this file is opened on a microbrowser the following card will be displayed Figure 11 3 As can be seen there are two input fields These are created by the tags lt input name animal gt and lt input name vegetable gt in the WML source The name attributes tell the browser to create the variables animal and vegetable respectively based on what the u
95. s the level of information to be recorded in the log file Settings are as follows with 0 providing the most detail and 4 the least 0 Debug 1 Information 2 Warning 3 Error 4 Panic If log level is not defined in the configuration file it defaults to a value of 1 Example log level 0 box deny ip List_of_IP_addresses box allow ip List_of_IP_addresses Denied and allowed Box IP List These variables list the IP addresses of WAP or SMS Boxes to which the Bearer Box may or may not forward packets These variables allow you to prevent third parties from intercepting TCP packets as they leave the Bearer Box Addresses in the Denied and Allowed Box IP Lists are separated by semicolons An asterisk can be used as a wildcard in place of any single group of digits so matches any IP address Examples box deny ip box allow ip 10 0 0 6 10 0 0 7 37 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server admin deny ip List_of_IP_addresses admin allow ip List_of_IP_addresses Administration Denied and Allowed IP Lists These variables list IP addresses to be denied and allowed HTTP administration access to the Alligata Server Addresses are formatted in the same way as in box deny ip and box allow ip Examples admin deny ip admin allow ip 10 0 0 6 10 0 0 7 unified prefix List_of_telephone_code_prefixes Unified Prefix Lists substitutions for telephone code prefixes in SMS messages Substi
96. ser types into each field To select a horse for the animal and a radish for the vegetable enter horse into the first field and radish into the second field The actual mechanism for entering text will depend on your microbrowser For example it may present you with an Edit option that you activate by pressing one of the phone s navigation buttons The microbrowser display will now be as in Figure 11 4 Figure 11 4 Now activate the View proverb link A new card is loaded showing a proverb based on the terms you entered in the first card see Figure 11 5 66 11 12 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML Your proverb A small horse may eat _alarge radish Another 7 Figure 11 5 In the source WML you can see how the terms entered in the first card were passed to the second card The variables animal and vegetable were set in the tags lt input name animal gt and lt input name vegetable gt The source text in the second card looks like this A small animal may eat a large vegetable When the browser encounters a dollar symbol it knows that what follows in parentheses is a variable So instead of displaying animal it looks for the variable called animal and displays its value in this example the string horse It does the same with the variable vegetable substituting its name with radish If you want to display a dollar symbol on the screen use two dollar sym
97. set of configuration groups for OTA configuration is shown in Figure 13 6 To configure a WAP client device over the air system administrator 89 Chapter 13 13 SMS Messaging Send a message to the Alligata Server via HTTP using the following syntax http hostname port cgi bin sendota username username amp pas sSword password amp phonenumber destination_phone_number For example http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendota username otauser amp password foo amp phonenumber 449999123456 The client device will receive a message containing the appropriate configuration information To configure a WAP client device over the air client 1 Send an SMS message to the Alligata Server s telephone number consisting of the keyword for the OTA configuration service For example for the configuration in Figure 13 6 ota 2 After a while you will receive an SMS message from the Alligata Server containing the new settings How long this message takes to arrive depends on the capabilities and load of your SMSC 3 Use the relevant feature of your device to add the configuration settings to your list of WAP providers and if required make the new service your default one Figure 13 6 Example settings for OTA configuration group sms service keyword ota In one line url http localhost 13013 cgi bin sendota username otauser amp password GRAPefruit amp phonenumber p group otaconfig location http www
98. sing the Alligata Server for WAP services remember also to set the wapbox port variable in the Core group see Section 9 1 If you are not using the Alligata Server for WAP services then no WAP Box group is necessary group wapbox Group Introduces the Wap box group Required bearerbox host IP_address URL Bearer Box Host Identifies the computer hosting the Bearer Box Required Examples bearerbox host localhost bearerbox host 100 100 100 100 39 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server bearerbox host acomputer asite net log file file_name Log File Specifies a file to which to output a log report of the WAP Box s activity If the specified file already exists new output is added to the end of it If a log file is also defined in the command line when the WAP Box is started up see Section 8 1 3 then the log report will be output to both files If Log file is not set in the configuration file it defaults to var log alligata wapbox log Example log file alliglog wap log log level number_0 4 Log Level Sets the level of information to be recorded in the log file Settings are as follows with 0 providing the most detail and 4 the least 0 Debug 1 Information 2 Warning 3 Error 4 Panic If log level is not defined in the configuration file it defaults to a value of 1 Example log level 0 timer freq value_in_seconds Timer Frequency If not set in the config
99. splay files even if they are not structurally valid However you should always try to structure your WML files properly apart from being good practice this guarantees that they will display as you intend on all WML compliant browsers These two tags are not WML tags but validation tags instructing the browser to parse the rest of the file as WML 11 5 The wml Element The top level element in every WML deck is wm1 The lt wm1 gt tag announces to the browser that everything following it should be parsed as WML data up to the lt wm1 gt tag Therefore the first tag in a deck after the validation tags should be lt wm1 gt and the last tag in the deck should be lt wm1 gt 11 6 Paragraphs It is good practice to organise WML content into paragraphs Paragraphs are defined by the p element Note that in WML unlike in HTML each lt p gt tag must have a corresponding lt p gt closing tag For example lt card gt 59 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML lt p gt This card is divided into paragraphs This is the first paragraph lt p gt lt p gt This is the second paragraph It is also the last lt p gt lt card gt By default text between lt p gt lt p gt tags is left aligned You can centre or right align it using the align attribute with the value center or right respectively For example lt p align right gt This paragraph is right aligned lt p gt 11 7 Hyperlinks Like HTML WML allows
100. st to the appropriate URL retrieves the data pulls out the content Chapter 3 3 About the Alligata Server between the prefix and the suffix strings as specified in the configuration file formats this content as an SMS message or messages and sends the SMS message s to the Bearer Box via the TCP stream The Bearer Box sends the message back to the client device via an SMSC Other services the SMS Box can provide include sending a fixed text message or the content of a local file in response to a keyword For more information see Sections 9 3 and 13 1 The SMS Box also listens for SMS messages arriving via HTTP from computer workstations It converts these messages from HTTP into true SMS format and sends them on to the Bearer Box to be conveyed to mobile devices See Section 13 2 for details of how to send SMS messages from a computer workstation 10 Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface If your Linux or Solaris system includes a graphical user interface the installation program automatically installs the Alligata Server using the graphical procedure described in this section To install the Alligata Server from a Linux Solaris graphical user interface 1 L N eN Co Place the Alligata Server CD ROM in the CD ROM drive If your version of Linux or Solaris automounts CD ROMs a file manager window will open showing the contents of the directory into which the CD ROM has been mounted In Linux this d
101. t WAP client devices have small display areas the user will often have to scroll downwards to view the whole of a card but the card should not be so long that they lose track of where they are WML s navigation facilities enable you to jump from one card in a deck to another Cards are marked up using the card element There is no deck element a deck comprises everything inside a file s wml element See Section 11 5 for more information on the wm1 element 11 4 XML Validation Tags lt xml version 1 0 gt lt DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC WAPFORUM DTD WML 1 1 EN http www wapforum org DTD wml_1 1 xml1 gt The tag lt xml version 1 0 gt tells the browser that the file is an XML document complying with version 1 0 of the XML specification XML is a markup language of which WML is a specialised subset So every valid WML document is implicitly also a valid XML document The second tag tells the browser where to find the Document Type Definition DTD for files of its type in this case WML files A DTD is an electronic specification for a file s format declaring what elements are allowed within what other elements and what attributes each element is allowed to contain If the structure of the file does not match the structures allowed by the DTD then the browser knows that it contains errors and may display a message warning the user of this In practice browsers are often tolerant of errors and will do their best to di
102. tag must end with a forward slash so that the browser knows not to look for a companion end tag In this respect WML differs from HTML so if you are used to writing HTML remember to include these slashes 11 2 Elements and Attributes WML tags like HTML tags contain information about elements and attributes An element is a structural unit of a WML document every tag begins with an element indicator In the example file see Section 11 1 wml card p img and big are all elements An attribute provides information about a specific occurrence of an element Attributes are included in an element s start tag after the element indicator In the example file in Section 11 1 the img element has several attributes associated with it The attribute src 3glab wbmp tells the microbrowser to display the image 3glab wbmp alt 3G Lab Logo tells it that if for any reason it can t display the image it should display the text 3G Lab Logo instead and align middle tells the microbrowser to centre the image vertically on the card 11 3 Cards and Decks Whereas HTML documents are organised into pages WML documents are organised into units called cards and decks A WML file is a deck and a deck contains one or more cards On loading a deck of 58 Chapter 11 11 Introduction to WML several cards a microbrowser will always display the first card by default A card contains a screen s worth of information Because mos
103. ted with the questions listed in Figure 5 1 In response to each question type Y ENTER for yes N Enter for no or ENTER to receive help Pressing just ENTER in response to a question selects the first capitalised option in the square brackets after the question For example if the square brackets look like this N y then pressing ENTER is equivalent to pressing N ENTER Note the Alligata Server installation program detects whether each item is already installed on your system You will not be asked whether you want to install items that are already installed For example if your computer already contains an installation of the Apache server the question Install Apache Web server will be omitted Figure 5 1 Command Line Installation Options Install the Alligata Gateway Kannel core Y n Y installs the Alligata Server on the current computer including the Bearer Box one WAP Box and one SMS Box If you want to install extra WAP and SMS Boxes on other computers see Section 6 Start the Bearer Box at boot N y Y causes the Alligata Server s Bearer Box to be started automatically every time the computer is booted Start the WAP Box at boot N y Y causes the WAP Box to be started automatically every time the computer is booted Start the SMS Box at boot N y Y causes the SMS Box on the current computer to be started automatically every time the computer is booted Install the Alligata examp
104. tifiers see smsc id in Section 9 3 2 are allowed to use this service Multiple values should be separated by semicolons Example accepted smsc smscl smsc2 5I Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server concatenation 0_or_1 If set to 1 allows concatenation of multiple SMS messages in the client device Example concatenation 1 9 3 4 Send SMS User Group The Alligata Server allows you to send SMS messages from a computer workstation using HTTP see Section 13 2 To do this you must configure at least one Send SMS user account Each user account is defined in a separate Send SMS User group group sendsms user Group Introduces the Send SMS User group Required username string Send SMS User Name Specifies the account user name Required Example username colin password string Send SMS Password Specifies the account password Required Example password AVOcado user deny ip List_of_IP_addresses Denied IP Addresses Lists IP addresses from which SMS messages may not be sent using HTTP Addresses in the list are separated by semicolons An asterisk can be used as a wildcard in place of any single group of digits For example matches any IP address Example user deny ip 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 6 user allow ip List_of_IP_addresses Allowed IP Addresses Lists IP addresses from which SMS messages may be sent using HTTP Addresses are formatted in the same way as in user deny
105. tutions are applied to the sender and recipient fields in incoming and outgoing SMS messages respectively and ensure that all equivalent numbers are formatted consistently for SMSCs The format for each substitution is r p1 p2 where r is the replacement prefix and p1 p2 etc are the prefixes to be replaced You can define any number of substitutions in the configuration file by separating each definition with a semicolon Example unified prefix 0044 0 00555 05 050 white list URL White List Links to a file listing telephone numbers of approved senders of SMS messages to the Alligata Server SMS messages from numbers not in this list will be automatically discarded The white list file should contain telephone numbers separated by carriage returns Note only the last nine digits are read so it is theoretically possible for unauthorised senders with numbers nearly identical to those in the white list to gain access to the Alligata Server The likelihood of this occurring is however minimal If the configuration file contains a white list it should not contain a black list Example white list http www awebsite net alligata white htm black list URL Black List Links to a file listing telephone numbers of prohibited senders of SMS messages to the Alligata Server SMS messages from numbers on this list are automatically discarded The black list file should contain telephone numbers separate
106. up The Core group provides general configuration information for the Alligata Server This information is used by the Bearer Box group core Group Introduces the Core group Required user user_name The user name under which the Alligata Server is run The Alligata Server automatically switches to this user name after it has started You must be logged in as root to start the Alligata Server manually See Section 8 for instructions on starting the Alligata Server Setting user to root is strongly discouraged as it could compromise the security of the system Example user alligata admin port port_number Administration Port Gives the port number on which the Bearer Box listens to HTTP administration commands It can be any value between 1024 and 65535 It may be under 1024 if you are running the Alligata Server as a root process but it is not recommended that you do this It is not the same as the HTTP port of the local World Wide Web server Required Example admin port 13004 admin password password Administration Password Defines the password for HTTP administration commands except the status command which does not require a password See Section 8 2 2 for HTTP administration instructions Required Example admin password PAPaya smsbox port port_number SMS Box Port Defines the port number to which SMS Boxes connect It can be any value between 1024 and 65535 It may be under 1
107. uration file defaults to a value of 1 Example timer freq 3 map url url 1 url 2 URL Mapping On incoming URL requests replaces ur1 1 with ur1 2 Asterisks can be used as wildcards to right truncate either or both of the URLs Example map url xlwa x http www extremely_longwinded _wapsite_address com This example enables a mobile device user to gain access to the URL http www extremely_longwinded_wapsite_address com contacts wml simply by keying xlwa contacts wml Note only one map url is allowed in the configuration If you need to map more than one URL use map url o etc together with map url max map url max number URL Mapping Maximum Sets the maximum number of URL mappings to be defined in the configuration file 40 Chapter 9 9 Configuring the Alligata Server If no maximum is specified the Alligata Server allows a default maximum of ten mappings numbered from 0 to 9 see map url 0 map url 1 etc Example map url max H map url O url 1 url 2 map url 1 url 1 url 2 etc Multiple URL Mappings Define multiple URL mappings unlike map ur1 which can define only one mapping Further URL mappings would be defined by the variables map url1 2 map url1 3 and so on up to the maximum specified in map url max Formatting syntax is as for map url Examples map url O xlwa x http www extremely_longwinded_wapsite_address com map url 1 olwa x http www outrageously_longwi
108. which to output a log report of SMS messages processed by the SMS Box Example access log smsbox access 9 3 2 SMSC group For each SMSC with which the Alligata Server is in communication you must configure an SMSC group If you intend to use the Alligata Server for managing SMS messages remember also to set the smsbox port variable in the Core group see Section 9 1 Which variables you need to include in an SMSC group depends on the protocol used by the relevant SMSC Figure 9 3 provides a list of which protocols support which variables For full details of each protocol please consult the documentation for the relevant SMSC AT is the protocol that the Alligata Server uses to send and receive SMS messages via a GSM wireless modem using AT commands Using a GSM modem circumvents the need for a subscription to an SMSC Certain mobile phones that incorporate a GSM modem can also be linked to a computer workstation and used to send and receive SMS messages in the same way as a modem Modems supported by the Alligata Server include the Wavecom WM02 and the Nokia Premicell Phones that can be used as modems include the Nokia 7110 If you do not want to use the Alligata Server s SMS features you do not need any SMSC groups in your configuration file Table 9 3 Figure 9 3 SMSC group protocol specific variables SMSC protocol Value of smsc variable Variables Those in parentheses are optional CIMD cimd host port smsc
109. x only Installs the IMAP PHP module This module is used in the example WAP site PAT for liaising with your e mail server Documentation for the PHP language Linux only Installs documentation for the PHP language into the directory home httpd html manual mod mod_php3 To view the index page open the file index html in a Web browser such as Netscape or Lynx CGI module for Perl Installs the CGI Perl module version 2 69 This module facilitates the output of Web files from Perl scripts It is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site The CGI modules supplied with most Linux distributions are too old and will not work with the example Perl site HTML module for Perl Installs the HTML Perl module This module is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site HTML tables module for Perl Installs the HTML tables Perl module This module is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site WML module for Perl Installs the WML Perl module This module is needed to view the Alligata Server s Perl example site Click Begin Install The Alligata Server will be installed on your system Installation progress information appears in the terminal window from which you launched the installation program 12 When all the files have been copied to your system the dialog box in Figure 4 4 is displayed 15 Chapter 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface Product Website Thank you for install
110. ystem Requirement 20 00 ce cece eeeseeseeceececeseeseeeeceaeeseecaecsessaeeneeereeeeees 3 Optional Hardware Accessories 3 2 2 Solaris VETS 1OM EE 3 Minimum System Requirements 20 0 0 cee ee ceeeeeeeseeseecseceeceseeseeeeceeeeaeseaecaecsaesaeeeeeeees 3 Optional Hardware ACCESSOTIES I sc escececeseeeeeeseeseecsecaecssessesseceaseaeseaecaessaeaseseeneeees 4 2 3 Optional Software Included with the Alligata Server elec eeeeceeseseeeeeceecnseeseeseeeeeees 4 35 3 About ENEE ET 5 3 1 What is the Alligata Server 5 3 2 The Alligata Server WAP and SMS 5 3 3 Inside the Alligata Server scicc c scccsces hs loss EEN Eed EENS ENR cee 6 323 1 Prosram States i erit res eree ee REESEN EAR 6 3 3 2 Beater BOX onene eseo elimi ei iain Tt th i nee ie 7 3 3 3 Communication Between the Boxes 000 0 cece ceseeeeeeceseeseecaeceeceseeseeeeeeaeeseeeaeeaee 8 3 3 4 WAP EE 8 3 3 J SMS BOX ne E E E r E E E EE E Tait 8 4 4 Installation from a Graphical User Interface 10 5 5 Installation from the Command Line ssesessseeeeeseseeseeesesrsreessresrsresteersresesrenreresreresesseneeseserenee 15 6 6 Installing Multiple WAP and SMS Boxes 19 II Part Two Using the Alligata Server s sesessesessesessesossesossessesessesossesossessesossesosoesosoesessosoesesoesesossesseso 21 T 1 Introduction to Part Duo iseer eo iiie ieri r iei EO EEEE A EEE ae rE a E TE Ss 22 8 8 Running the Alligata Semer iae ee eeir EE E EE TEE E E n E 23 8 1 Starting the Alligata Server

Alligata document, PDF version

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents