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1. GOTO PromptWaitLoop Here we got a prompt Exit GotPrompt RETURN 75 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Flush all Rx chars from Port 1 buffer FlushBuffl IF LOC 1 0 THEN GOTO DoTimeoutl a INPUT LOC 1 1 Get all waiting chars in Rx buffer Now wait for a time out time to make sure no new stuff is coming in DoTimeoutl CALL Delay 8 Do a 800 mS delay IF LOC 1 lt gt 0 THEN GOTO FlushBuffl If something came in during our time out flush it RETURN t Wait for x mS Function to delay x number of mS SUB Delay X STATIC start TIMER Returns no of secs since midnight Example 65445 15 DelayLoop Do a x mS delay IF TIMER lt start X 1000 THEN GOTO DelayLoop END SUB Wait for a keypress SUB Pause STATIC DO LOOP UNTIL INKEYS lt gt Wait for keypress to continue END SUB 76 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Appendix B Television Remote Control Example This chapter contains an example program written in Microsoft QuickBasic for controlling the 4071 remotely It is used here to drive an infrared LED to issue commands to a TV ora VCR It uses the 4071 in Burst mode to emulate the same waveforms used in many infrared remote control transmitters Background Many TV remote controls operate by flashing an infrared LED at a carrier frequency rate in the ultrasonic frequency band usually 30 40
2. 1 2 Feature summary Each unit is individually calibrated to ensure accurate output frequency level and offset voltage Output level 4mVp p to 20Vp p unloaded Output level can be entered with 1 mV or 1 dBm resolution Output offset 0 mV to 6 0 V Output offset can be entered with mV resolution S TTL CMOS compatible logic output drives digital circuits directly Flash Memory is used for code storage to enable easy software updates 10 complete instrument setups can be individually stored or recalled Unit has a large easy to read illuminated LCD display which shows all operating parameters for each setup No confusing submenus Full numeric keypad and rotary encoder make entering and adjusting parameter values easy Standard RS 232 port included Remote control operation requires no special hardware or software Baud rate is programmable All commands use ASCII characters Programming examples are included External modulation input is wideband DC to 35 KHz High input impedance 30K O avoids loading the source signal External logic input allows user to gate output signal on off under logic control It can also be used as an external trigger signal External FSK and BPSK data is also brought in on this connector Modes e Basic Sinewave e DTMF Generation e Internal External AM e DTMF Detection e Internal External FM e Voltage amp Power Measurement e Internal External PM e Burst Continuo
3. This key is also used to select the RS 232 baud rate after the Mode key is pressed once By pressing Mode then Offset a menu of baud rates for the 4071 is presented For more information refer to the chapter on Remote Mode 3 5 Trigger key The Trigger key is used in modes that require a trigger event to begin a process Triggered Sweep mode uses this key to begin a sweep Triggered Burst and Data Modulation modes also use this key to begin the generation of a burst signals Arbitrary Waveform Function Generator and Pulse Generator modes use this key to begin the generation of a waveform in Triggered mode In modes that require a trigger the trigger can come from three sources 1 Pressing the Trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trigger In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port The 4071 will simultaneously accept a trigger from all of the above sources 3 6 Numeric keys 0 to 9 and The 0 to9 and keys are used to enter a numeric value The key is only accepted when entering numeric values that can be negative i e dBm or offset values The key press is ignored otherwise In DTMF generation mode the key is used to generate the star DTMF digit and the key is used to generate the pound DTMF digit These keys are also used to select a mode after the Mode key is pressed once These keys are then used to select a mode indicated by the blue text written beneath these keys 3
4. a INSTR a 1 Get the data that follows the character aS MID a a 2 Strip off everything else PRINT Detected DTMF digit is a END IF Allow the user to exit the program by pressing a key IF INKEYS lt gt THEN SYSTEM Exit on first terminal key press GOTO DTMF Loop Otherwise keep looking for more DTMF detections 74 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 d SUBROUTINES These subroutines are also used by other example programs p Get ASCII response from 4071 Wait for an incoming char then collect incoming stuff until we get a b 800 mS Rx char time out Returns with a received stuff GetResponsel IF LOC 1 0 THEN GOTO GetResponsel Wait for incoming char a ri GetRespLoop1 aS a INPUTS LOC 1 1 Get all waiting chars in Rx buffer IT Now wait for a time out time to make sure no new stuff is coming in CALL Delay 8 Do a 800 mS delay IF LOC 1 lt gt 0 THEN GOTO GetRespLoop1l If something came in during our time out grab it RETURN V Wait for a command prompt from 4071 Returns AS all stuff received before the command prompt PromptWait If we have no chars in Rx buffer wait until we have 1 or more a PromptWaitLoop IF LOC 1 0 THEN GOTO PromptWaitLoop aS a INPUTS LOC 1 1 Get all waiting chars in Rx buffer IF INSTR a gt THEN GOTO GotPrompt
5. lt low byte gt Phase Phase PhaseInc Advance the phase of our sinusoid NEXT PointNumber Continue loop and generate more points All points have now been generated and sent to the 4071 When the 4071 hasn t received any chars over the serial port fora 1 second time out it assumes that all points have been sent and starts generating the waveform ArbExit CLOSE SYSTEM Close the comm port and exit the program 63 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 DKK K K K OK K kk K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK K K K K KK K K K K K K K K Subroutines These subroutines take a value in PointVal which ranges from 1 0 to 1 0 and converts it to various data formats i e Floating Point Binary ASCII Hex and Integer and then sends that value to the 4071 Before the first data point is sent a Header consisting of two characters is sent to the 4071 The first character of this header is a W which tells the 4071 to expect arbitrary waveform data points The second character of the header tells the 4071 what data format to expect F Floating Point I Integer H ASCII Hexadecimal U B Binary Each subroutine gives a short example of each format DKK K K K OK K kk kk K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK K K K K KK K K K K KK K K Leen Send Floating Point data to 4071 This is the
6. 1 THEN PRINT 1 WH Put header before 1st data point Convert the value in PointVal to two s complement hex j 32767 66 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 IF PointVal lt 0 THEN PointVal PointVal 2 j 32768 a INT PointVal j Get a number 0 to 65535 a INT a 16 Mask off lower 4 bits SFFFO as a 16 IF PointNumber 2 THEN a a OR amp H8 Set SYNC Out bit for second point aS HEXS a Convert the integer to hexadecimal For negative values the DESS fctn will return a 32 bit value ie SFFFF FFD8 so chop off all but the last 4 chars IF a lt 0 THEN a RIGHT a 4 PRINT 1 a Send hex point to 4071 RETURN NW Send Binary data to 4071 This is the fastest way to send points to the 4071 since it transfers the data point with only 2 characters It is also the least forgiving as far as getting the data sent correctly Each data point is a 16 bit word which is sent to the 4071 in two bytes The high byte is sent first followed by the low byte The 16 bit value is in two s complement format which represents a number from 1 0 to 1 0 as follows i 8000 E000 FFFF 0 4000 TERE s 1 0 Se 0 0 KS 1 0 Although a 16 bit value is sent to the 4071 the Arbitrary Waveform system uses a 12 bit D A converter so not all 16 bits are used Only the uppermost 12 bits are used to form the arbitrary waveform point Rules for Bin
7. 12 Internal SSB Mode Introduction Internal SSB mode generates a Single Sideband modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency Internally generated signal is used to modulate either Upper sideband or Lower sideband of a carrier signal Modulating carrier frequencies and output level with DC offset values could be manually entered on the keypad External signal gating option is available in this mode Internal SSB mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt SSB gt 1 key at any time Internal SSB Mode Parameters The Internal SSB mode has the following front panel display t Upper Sideband a 3 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 12 1 Internal SSB mode display 1 Modulating Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the modulating sinusoid You may enter from 0 Hz to 1 MHz in 1 Hz steps NOTE It is possible to enter values for the modulating and carrier frequencies such that the upper sideband can exceed 31 5 MHz or the lower sideband can go below 0 Hz Care should be taken not to do this since distortion of the output waveform will result 2 Upper Lower Sideband selections This parameter selects which sideband will be generated Single sideband modulation specifies that all energy in the modulated waveform should be either above the carrier frequency or below it Upper sideband places all signal energy above the carrier frequency and Lower sideband places all signal energy below the carrier frequency To select Lower side
8. 7 M V gt keys The arrow keys are used to move the cursor and edit numeric values The gt and keys move the cursor side to side within a cursor field They can be used to position the cursor over a digit within the field to modify Once the cursor is over the desired digit use the M or V key to increment or decrement that digit Pressing the key increments the digit under the cursor and has the same effect as rotating the knob clockwise 1 tick Pressing the WV key decrements the digit under the cursor and has the same effect as rotating the knob counter clockwise 1 tick While a numeric value is being typed in you can use the key as an erase key Pressing this key erases the last digit entered allowing you to correct typing mistakes All arrow keys have an auto repeat feature By holding down the key the key will repeat continuously until released This makes it more convenient to quickly sweep a value or move the cursor within a field These keys are also used to select a new operating mode after the Mode key is pressed The arrow keys are then used to select the mode indicated by the blue text beneath the key In DTMF Generation mode these keys specify DTMF digits A B C D which are signaling tones used in the telephone network but not found on a typical telephone For more information refer to the chapter on DTMF Generation mode 9 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 3 8 Clear key While the cursor i
9. EE Ee 11 4 2 Changing level its ai E Vu well 4 3 Changing operating modes 4 4 Operating mode selections d Li a ee nell 4 5 Changing Values EEN ee ENEE ENEE 12 4 31 Modifying an Existing Value tee ed eenaa aS En eoin Er deed done prire Soes e ha 12 4 3 2 Entering anew valensi a e E EEN 12 5 0 Mode descriptions 5 4 Internal FM mode Gr External FM paletti Saber ee 5 6 hemna PM Rene EE 5 7 External PM mode Se Se SR SE H 5 8 SWEEP MOE erneiere AER ee lee ere 5 9 Internal FSK mode 5 10 External FSK mode 5 11 Burst mode 5 12 Internal SSB mode 5 13 External SSB mode 5 16 DTMF Generation mode 5 17 DTMF Detection mode on Bs vo es 5 18 Power amp Voltage Measurement mode ENEE 30 KOR 5 20 Remote mode 5 21 Other mode 0 5 22 Internal BPSK mode 5 23 External BPSK mode 5 24 Dual tone Generation mode danses ae an edel 34 529 Data Modua Oi Ode E E Ea r a EOE E TE e Eea SKE rE SEA Seese ETIN 36 5 26 Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCO mode 39 6 0 Remote operation GL MO CUCHION she N EE ee ee ee 40 GZ Hoon ee EE buen E E EEE 40 6 3 Checking your connection with Hyper Temnal AEN 40 6 4 Operation as Ge he 6 5 Programming RULES Eed EEN ona sevsdecon cab cou E EE TAS EE aSa EE Si a S E 41 6 6 Remote control command List estate i a E EE E r RAEE Ee nai EEan en 42 6 LERAP ES ee E Ea A E EEEE EE NE a EE AE EEE 45 7 0 Arbitrary waveform system 7 1 Arbitrary Waveform Quick Start Gu
10. If you wish to select a new operating mode for the 4071 press the red Mode key once When pressed the LCD display is cleared and the question Mode is displayed The Mode key acts as a shift type key in that the meaning of each button on the front panel changes to that described by the red wording beneath it To enter Sweep mode for example first press the Mode key and then press the number 4 key You can exit this question either by pressing the blue Mode key again or by pressing any key that does not have red text beneath it The 4071 will then return to the current mode unchanged Some modes are available on the 4071 that are not printed on the front panel To access these modes press the Mode key and then the key labeled Other Clear key to bring up a scroll menu which displays the additional modes You can scroll through the list with the arrow keys or the wheel To select one of these modes enter its menu number User could switch to other generating modes by pressing One Touch Mode Selection key or Mode key for more options 11 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 4 5 Changing values For each operating mode the LCD display shows a number of fields that hold operating parameters for the selected mode i e sweep start frequency stop frequency etc To change the value of a parameter you must first move the cursor to the desired field on the display To do this press one of the Field Arrowkeys until the cursor appears i
11. KHz Short bursts of these pulses are used to form various remote control commands to command the TV power on or off change the channel etc Often it is the number of bursts which determines which command is which Some TV s and VCR s count the number of pulses to distinguish between commands The pulse sequence for a TV receiver was determined by examining the signal generated by the remote control unit An oscilloscope was used to observe the waveform across the remote transmitter s LED Using the oscilloscope the carrier frequency and pulse on time pulse off time and number of pulses for several commands was measured These parameters were then entered into the Basic program The Basic program takes these parameters and issues commands to the 4071 to generate the same pulse train using the Burst mode of operation A program menu asks the user which command to generate Hardware Setup You must connect a serial cable between your computer and the RS 232 port connector on the rear of the 4071 For more information on how to do this refer to chapter 6 0 The program assumes you are using serial port 1 COM1 If you are using another serial port change the OPEN COM1 statement in the beginning of this program It also assumes that the 4071 baud rate is set to 9600 To check the 4071 baud rate press the Mode then offset keys You must also wire the output of the 4071 to an infrared LED The diagram below shows how to do this Don t forge
12. PRINT 1 A M6 F3 PRINT 1 CarrierFreq X Send measured carrier freq PRINT 1 F2 PRINT 1 OnTime X Send burst on time PRINT 1 F4 PRINT 1 OffTime X Send burst off time PRINT 1 FO The 4071 will now trigger a single burst for each t char we sent it After the 4071 executes each t command it will return a prompt character gt We wish to wait until after all prompts have come in since that s when the 4071 has finished processing the last t The GetResponsel subroutine has a time out feature which will accomplish this purpose GOSUB GetResponsel Wait for and get response from 4071 to a 79 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 GetCommand CLS PRINT PRINT PRINT 1 Power on off PRINT 2 Channel Up PRINT 3 Channel Down PRINT 4 Volume Up PRINT 5 Volume Down PRINT PRINT ESC To exit program PRINT PRINT Please select a command gt CommandPoll a INKEY IF a THEN GOTO CommandPoll IF a CHR 27 THEN SYSTEM Exit the program on ESC keypress IF a lt 1 OR a gt 5 THEN GOTO GetCommand le input valid PRINT PRINT PRINT Command sent Tell user command will be sent a VAL a Convert selection to a number 1 to 5 NumPulses Array a Look up no of pulses for this command The variable NumPulses now has the number of infrared pulses to form this remote control command Download this many t charact
13. Start Programs Accessories Communications HyperTerminal e Enter new name for the 4071 connection session and hit OK e In Connect to window choose COM port which is connected to 4071 and hit OK You will then be presented with a Port Settings menu Set the parameters as follows Bits per second 9600 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Flow Control None 40 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 You now have a terminal connection established with the 4071 Hit the key You should see a command menu in response If you do not see this menu check the following e Onthe 4071 press Mode then Offset and verify that the baud rate is set to 9600 e Verify that you are using the correct COM port e Check your cabling If you see the command menu you have verified that the 4071 is properly cabled to the computer and that you are certain which COM port you are using NOTE In general any terminal software capable of sending standard ASCII codes over RS 232 terminal could be used to control 4071 remotely please refer to software provider for specific terminal OS software support issues 6 4 Remote Control Operation Each key on the front panel keypad of the 4071 has an associated ASCII character which when sent to the 4071 over the serial port has the same effect as pressing that key on the keypad At power up the 4071 RS 232 baud rate is recalled from stored configuration 0 The factory default for this
14. The 4071 expects all Integer values to be between 2047 and 2047 If a number falls outside that range the number is set to 2047 or 2047 These correspond to the peak values of the waveform If the output voltage level were set for 5V p p for example then 2047 corresponds to 2 5V and 2047 corresponds to 2 5V across a50 load For maximum signal fidelity you should design your waveform so that the peak values just fit into the range of 2047 to 2047 You will then be using the full output range of the DAC 2 To separate each number you may use commas tabs spaces carriage returns and or linefeeds semicolons colons or basically any character that is not among the following 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 e E X 3 Use of the character for positive values is optional 4 Leading 0 s are ignored 5 To set SYNC Out high during a data point put a p or P BEFORE that data point The P character may have K i white space around it if desired SYNC Out is set low for all data points that do not have a p or P before them Example A seven points waveform in integer format with SYNC Out set high on point 3 0y 1423 RP 1511 320 412 2047 0032 x DR The x character denotes the end of the data and is optional If the x character is missing the 4071 will assume all data has been sent after 1 second timeout 57 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 8 5 Hexadecimal Forma
15. This field selects whether the bursts will be generated on ongoing or single event basis To select Triggered mode press 0 To select Continuous mode press 1 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle this value 2 Burst On Time duration The burst will last for the duration specified in this field before being switched off You may enter a value from 1 mS to 99 999 mS in 1 mS step 3 Burst frequency The output frequency is held at this value during the burst You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 4 Burst Off Time delay The burst waveform will be held at OV for the duration in this field before the sinewave is switched on In triggered burst mode this value may be viewed as a delay between the trigger event and when the output sinusoid is generated You may enter a value from 0 mS to 99 999 mS in 1 mS steps 5 Level In this field enter the 50 loaded output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output waveform For more information on refer to section 4 4 Ext Trigger Input In triggered burst mode this input functions as an external trigger input A logic low to high transition on this input will trigger the burst This input has an internal pull down resistor so that the input is held at a logic low when this input is left unconnected See section 2 0 for more information 24 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5
16. To inspect or change the 4071 baud rate press the Mode key and then the Offset key Modulation Data is sent to the 4071 in Hexadecimal format For more information on hexadecimal numbers refer to the chapter on Hexadecimal Format in this manual The message consists of a two character header Bit count word and the modulation data words It does not matter what mode the 4071 is in when the data is downloaded however you must switch to Internal FSK mode in order to transmit the message Example Message The message is best explained by example An example message is W M 0012 FE96 AA20 X It breaks down as follows W This is the first character It tells the 4071 to download data from the user M This character tells the 4071 that the data is MODULATION data as opposed to an arbitrary wave form 0012 This is the bit count In this case the message is 18 bits long 0012 in Hexadecimal is 18 in base 10 960 bits maximum FE96 This is the first 16 bits one word of the binary message The first bit to be transmitted is the MSB of this word AA20 This is the second 16 bits of the binary message Since the message is only 18 bits long only the MSB and the next lower bit will be sent in this case a 1 then a 0 After the last bit is sent the 4071 turns off the carrier and awaits another trigger condition x This character denotes the end of the data and is optional If the X character is missing the 4071 will assume a
17. at any time External PM Mode Parameters The External PM mode has the following front panel display External PM Pk dev 180 deg i 2 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 3 Figure 5 7 1 External PM mode display 1 Peak Phase Deviation In this field specify the degree to which the modulating signal is allowed to change the carrier phase You may enter from 0 degrees no change to 180 degrees in degree steps This parameter is a peak value If the deviation value were 180 degrees for example then the output phase will advance to a maximum of 180 degrees and retard to a minimum of 180 degrees for a 1 Vp p input signal To enter a value type 1 to 3 numeric digits If you type 3 digits the value is automatically entered If you only type 1 or 2 digits you can press the MHz key or the KHz key or the Hz key all are equivalent to enter the phase deviation value NOTE FM modulation is equivalent to PM for small frequency deviation values If you need a larger phase deviation than 180 degrees go to FM mode and specify an appropriate peak frequency deviation value 2 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 3 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 50O load
18. connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 19 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 8 Sweep Mode Introduction The Sweep mode continuously changes the frequency of a fixed amplitude sinusoid between a specified start frequency and stop frequency The user can set sweep time as well The frequency may be stepped between the start and stop frequency linearly A sweep direction up or down could be specified The user could choose continuous or triggered type sweep In the Continuous mode the sweep is restarted once the stop frequency reached In the Triggered mode the output waits at the start frequency until a trigger condition happens Triggers can come from a front panel key press a rising edge on the EXT Trigger connector or an ASCII T on the terminal port Once a trigger occurs the output frequency is swept to the stop frequency and the sweep is then reset to the start frequency The unit then awaits another trigger condition For downward sweeps the output frequency begins at the stop frequency and ends at the start frequency Sweep Mode Par
19. dBm with 0 1dBm resolution The front panel shown in figure 1 1 1 has two output connectors The SIG Out connector is the main signal output The SYNC Out connector is a TTL CMOS compatible square wave output It is a hard limited version of the main output and is available in all modes The SYNC Output is signal 5V and is useful for driving digital circuitry The front panel of the Model 4071 includes a full numeric keypad and rotary knob to allow quick adjustment of any numeric value and gives the user the ability to manually adjust a value across a wide range The LCD display is a large 2 line by 40 column display with backlight It is large enough to display all operating parameters simultaneously and thus eliminate tedious submenus The user can select a modulating waveform that is either internally generated or externally supplied External signals in the DC to 35 KHz range could be used for 4071 external modulation External modulation connector is located on the back of the unit This input is high impedance about 30KO to avoid loading the source of the signal The unit also features an external digital input located on the back of the unit which serves several purposes depending on the mode For most modes it serves as a gate to switch the RF output signal on and off In external FSK or BPSK mode it is a high speed data input for FSK or BPSK digital modulation of the output waveform at rates up to 3 MHz In modes that have a trigger f
20. easiest format to use with Basic since no format conversion is necessary Basic will output floating point numbers by default Rules for floating point format 1 The 4071 expects all floating point values to be between 1 0 and 1 0 If a number falls outside that range the number is set to 1 0 or 1 0 These correspond to the peak values of the waveform If the output voltage level were set for 5V p p for example then 1 0 corresponds to 2 5V and 1 0 corresponds to 2 5V across a 50 ohm load For maximum signal fidelity you should design your waveform so that the peak values just fit into the range of 1 0 to 1 0 You will then be using the full output range of the DAC 2 To separate each number you may use commas tabs spaces carriage returns and or linefeeds semicolons colons or basically any character that is not among the following 0123456789 eE 3 You do not have to include an exponent i e e 5 If no exponent is given the 4071 assumes that the exponent is 0 4 Whitespace characters are not allowed between the mantissa and exponent 5 Use of the character for positive values is optional 6 To set SYNC Out high during a data point put a p or P BEFORE that data point The P character may have whitespace around it if desired SYNC Out is set low for all data points that a do not have a p or P before them Examples of floating point numbers SYNC Out is set h
21. for Binary format For more information on data formats please refer to section 9 0 EXAMPLE Sending the following characters downloads a four point waveform in floating point format W F 1234 6874 2 345e 1 1 0 The serial port on the 4071 defaults to the following parameters 1 start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity It is important that the sending program s baud rate match that of the 4071 To inspect or change the 4071 s baud rate press the Mode key and then the Offset key For more information changing the baud rate please refer to section 5 20 You do not need to tell the 4071 how many points are in the waveform or which point is the last If the 4071 does not receive any characters over the serial port for a 1 second time out then the 4071 assumes that all arbitrary waveform points have been received If the 4071 is in Arbitrary Waveform mode the new waveform will be generated immediately after the time out The 1 second time out can be avoided by placing an ASCII X character upper or lower case at the end of your data This character tells the 4071 that the end of the data has been reached The 4071 will then begin generation of the new waveform immediately The X character cannot be used with the Binary format Make sure that there are no interruptions exceeding 1 second while downloading a waveform else the 4071 will time out and end the download Also if you do not have an X character at the en
22. independently specified from 0 Hz to 31 5 MHz with 0 01 Hz resolution The baud rate is adjustable from 0 Hz to 130 KHz in 1 Hz steps By specifying a Mark or Space frequency of 0 Hz 100 digital AM modulation may also be done Data Modulation mode operates in a triggered burst mode The Data Modulation mode starts by setting the output frequency to 0 Hz and awaiting a trigger condition When a trigger condition occurs the 4071 examine the first data bit of the binary message and set the output frequency to the Mark frequency if the bit is a 1 or to the Space frequency if the bit is a 0 The output is held at that frequency for a period of time specified by the Baud rate field After that the next bit of the modulation message is processed and so on until all bits have been modulated After the last bit has been modulated the 4071 resets the output frequency to 0 Hz and awaits another trigger condition Using the Data Modulation Mode To use the Data Modulation mode you must do the following 1 Switch the 4071 to Internal FSK mode by Mode 5 1 key combination 2 Enter the Baud rate Mark amp Space frequencies and output level on the front panel 3 Download your data message to the 4071 through the serial port see below 4 Trigger the transmission see below 5 Optionally store the instrument setup and message to nonvolatile memory Data Modulation Mode Parameters Int FSK 1 000 Hz Mark 1 000 000 00 Hz 3 Space 2 000 000 00 Hz D
23. is 9600 baud The remaining serial port parameters are always 1 start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity The serial port on the controlling computer mu st be set to match these values 6 5 Remote Control Programming Rules The following guidelines should be observed when writing control software for the 4071 e All ASCII commands are case insensitive i e upper and lower case letters are treated equally by the 4071 e When the 4071 has finished executing a command it will return a command prompt which is the gt character The control software should clear its receive buffer issue a command and then look for the gt character to determine when the command has been executed If a long string of commands is sent to the 4071 a separate gt character will be returned for each command as it is executed e All commands require less than 300 mS to execute except for the store or recall commands which require several seconds to complete e All white space carriage returns linefeeds tabs spaces and commas between commands is ignored Invalid commands ASCII characters that are not listed in the command menu are likewise ignored e Acommand does not have to finish execution before another can be sent All characters received by the 4071 are buffered up and executed in the order they were received The programmer should allow sufficient time for the 4071 to execute each command and for the signal output to settle into the desired
24. low value If the value of the data point is 0 then the SIG Out output is set to its minimum negative output voltage and the SYNC Out output is set to the logic Low state OV for that point If the value of the data point is non zero then the output is set to its maximum positive output voltage and the SYNC Out output is set to the logic High state 5V for that point All rules for this format are identical to those for Floating Point Format except that the Time or Point Number value need not be between 1 0 and 1 0 in value since the 4071 only sees if the value is zero or nonzero Also the P character has no meaning since the SYNC Out output is controlled by the data itself With this format it is possible to specify each point of a digital waveform with only two bytes a 1 or a 0 and a data separator character This makes this format as efficient as binary format for data downloads However since the data consists entirely of ASCII characters it is easier to work with than binary format Example This twelve point digital waveform OTLA O sat DE e De ME will render the following waveform on both the SIG Out and SYNC Out connectors JIL TI 56 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 8 4 Integer Format This format represents a full scale output with a base 10 number that ranges from 2047 to 2047 as follows 2047 1024 0 1024 2047 1 0 5 00 5 1 0 Rules for Integer format 1
25. most significant bit of the value bit 15 must be a 1 for negative values If there are fewer than 4 characters the value is interpreted as positive Characters are not case sensitive 2 To separate each number you may use commas tabs spaces carriage returns and or linefeeds semicolons colons or basically any character that is not among the following 0 12345678 9aAbDBe CdDeEf ftF xX 3 The most significant nibble character is the first that is sent to the 4071 For example to send the value 1234 the 1 is sent first then the 2 etc 4 The SYNC Out output is controlled by bit 3 in the low byte If this bit is set to 1 SYNC Out is set high If this bit is set to 0 SYNC Out is set low Example A 10 points waveform in hexadecimal format with SYNC Out set high on point 3 0 4000 fed8 4570 8000 fff0 E6DO 10 FO CO6 x 66099 The x character denotes the end of the data and is optional If the x character is missing the 4071 will assume all data has been sent after 1 second timeout 58 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 8 6 Binary Format This is the fastest way to send points to the 4071 since it transfers the data point with only 2 characters It is also the least forgiving as far as getting the data sent correctly Each data point is a 16 bit word which is sent to the 4071 in two bytes The high byte is sent first followed by the low byte The 16 bit value is in two s complement format whi
26. selected clock rate and output level 46 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 2 Introduction to the Arbitrary Waveform System 7 2 1 Description of the Arbitrary Waveform Generator The Arbitrary Mode lets the user design custom waveforms on a PC and download them to the 4071 for generation including Arbitrary Waveform system is a fully featured Function Generator Function generator offers a set of pre stored waveforms Signals are generated using the Arbitrary Waveform hardware User may select from many stored waveforms and may also specify a repetition rate to 2 MHz All functions could be generating on a continuous or triggered basis High going pulse is given on the SYNC Out connector at the start of each waveform Also included with the Arbitrary Waveform system is a variable duty cycle Pulse Generator Pulse Generator allows the user to generate puls e waveforms with varying amplitude offset frequency and duty cycle Introduction Output signal form is generated by sending values to a Digital to Analog converter DAC from a ram memory High speed counter generates sequential addresses which indexes successive ram values for the DAC clock for the counter is derived from the same DDS system used to generate the DC 31 5 MHz output of the 4071 Because the Arbitrary waveform system uses the fully synthesized DDS system for its clock the arbitrary waveform generator has a highly accurate and stable clock source adjustable from DC to 40
27. steps 31 5 MHz Sweep Mode Start Stop freq 0 Hz to 31 5 MHz 01 Hz steps Linear or Log sweep Continuous or Triggered Up or Down Sweep time 1 mS to 60 Sec 1 mS steps Voltage Controlled Oscillator Mode VCO Endpoint freqs 0 Hz to 31 500 MHz 01 Hz steps Control input range 5 0V to 5 0V Control signal bandwidth DC to 35 KHz Burst Mode Continuous or Triggered via Front Panel RS 232 or Ext TTL Duration 1 mS to 99 999 Sec 1 mS steps Delay 0 mS to 99 999 Sec 1 mS steps Dual Tone Multi Frequency DTMF Generate Mode Dialing digits generated 0 to 9 A B C D Duration 1 mS to 10 000 Sec 1 mS steps Delay 0 mS to 10 000 Sec 1 mS steps Dual Tone Generation Mode Tone 1 Tone 2 Frequency DC to 10 000 KHz 1 Hz steps Phase offset 0 deg to 359 deg 1 deg steps Output On time 1 mS to 10 000 Sec 1 mS steps Output Off time 0 mS to 10 000 Sec 1 mS steps Function Generator Mode Waveforms Pos Neg Ramp Triangle Exponential Noise Sine Repetition rate 0 Hz to 2 MHz in 1 Hz steps Run mode Continuous or Triggered 70 Weight Approx 3 5 lbs Dimensions 5 1 x 9 3 x 10 2 Hx W x L Operating Temperature 0 to 40 deg C ambient Saved Instrument States 10 including 1 power up state Amplitude Modulation AM Mode Int modulation freq 0 Hz to 10 KHz 1 Hz steps Ext modulation freq DC to 35 KHz Percentage modulation 0 to 100 1 steps Single Sideband SSB Mode Int modulation freq 0 Hz
28. the serial port and then disable further printing of the display contents 43 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 F0 9 Move cursor to field 0 to 9 This command is used to move the cursor directly to the specified field number Each parameter field on the LCD display has an associated number with it starting with and increasing as you move from left to right then top to St 0 Hz Stp 31 500 000 00 Hz Linear Trig Up Time 10 000 mS 10 0 dBm bottom For example the Sweep mode has seven fields Each field is numbered as follows Field 1 St 1 000 000 00 Hz Field 2 Stp 31 500 000 00 Hz Field 3 Linear Field 4 Trig Field 5 Up Field 6 Time 10 000 mS Field 7 10 0 dBm Field 0 has special meaning turn the cursor off When the cursor is off the parameter values for a mode cannot be changed Turning the cursor off can be used to safeguard parameter values from being changed by inadvertent key presses or turns of the rotary knob When the cursor is moved to a field other than 0 the cursor is always positioned in the rightmost position least significant digit position of that field If a field value is entered that is out of range i e you try to set the cursor to field 8 in Sweep mode the cursor will be turned off NOTE When writing control software it is preferable to use this command to move the cursor instead of the N next cursor field or P previous cursor field commands This command ensu
29. then the output level is halved so that the output signal swings from OV to Lo the specified level into a 500 load or OV to the specified level into an open circuit Offset You can enter a DC offset voltage by pressing the Offset key For more information see section 4 4 51 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 7 Downloading arbitrary waveforms To download Arbitrary Waveform data to the 4071 you must connect the serial port on your computer to the RS 232 port on the back of the 4071 For more detail information on this refer to the chapter 6 2 On the host computer you may use the supplied DOS program WAVELOAD EXE or you may send the data to the 4071 from your own application program The next two sections give details on each The 4071 does not need to be in Arbitrary Waveform mode to accept arbitrary waveform data The waveform will not be generated however until the 4071 is switched to Arbitrary Waveform mode Saving Arbitrary Waveforms Downloading a waveform overwrites the previous waveform in memory Although mode parameters such as Clock Frequency Level etc can be saved to 10 setup locations in nonvolatile memory the arbitrary waveform is always saved to recalled from a single location The entire waveform array of up to 32 768 points is saved NOTE Switching to Function Generator or Pulse Generator modes will overwrite any arbitrary waveform currently in memory You may wish to save your waveform to nonvolatile memory befor
30. tk VKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK Program Description This program generates a sinewave and downloads the data points to the d 4071 for generation with the Arbitrary Waveform Generator It can generate the data in a variety of different number formats Each format has its own subroutine below Sre ass Open the serial port for communication with the 4071 Ask the user which serial port is attached to the 4071 INPUT Is the 4071 on Com port 1 or 2 1 2 gt aS Open Com port Disable CD CTS DCD give 5 sec max to open d Set Rx buffer to 2K Disable RTS set Tx buff to 1K Random i o Set random access buffer size to 2K IF a 1 THEN OPEN COM1 9600 n 8 1 CD0 CS0 DS0 0P5000 RB2048 RS TB1024 FOR RANDOM AS 1 LEN 2048 GOTO EndPortSel END IF IF a 2 THEN OPEN COM2 9600 n 8 1 CD0 CS0 DS0 0P5000 RB2048 RS TB1024 FOR RANDOM AS 1 LEN 2048 GOTO EndPortSel END IF GOTO ArbExit Abort program if neither Coml nor Com2 was selected EndPortSel Command the 4071 to enter Arbitrary Waveform Generation Mode Note The 4071 does not need to be in Arbitrary Waveform generation mode to accept data points over the serial port We switch to Arbitrary waveform mode here as an example of remotely controlling the operation d of the unit and to have the waveform generated after the download For more information on
31. watch the response To get a help menu press H See section 6 3 for details Characters are case insensitive Front Panel Programming One Touch Mode Selection Digit Field lt gt 7 Ls Lo L2 e 0N DTMF Gen DTMF Det Field GG Le Diesel Sweep Burst Recall Trigger Store SYNC Out a 3 x Lo QD O Offset Mode SIG Out oS e 6 Power Other Measure Figure 6 6 1 Front panel keys to ASCII command mapping NOTE Turning the rotary knob clockwise has the same effect as pressing the 8 key multiple times Turning the rotary knob Counter clockwise has the same effect as pressing the wk key multiple times In addition to the above ASCII command characters extra commands are available for remote control operation They are A Reset the unit to Sine wave mode NV Report hardware and software versions K1 0 Enable Disable front panel keys and knob E1 0 Enable Disable LCD echo to terminal F0 9 Move cursor to field 0 to 9 orH Print help menu AE Returns C Each of these extra remote control commands is discussed below A Reset 4071 to Sine wave mode This command resets the 4071 to the Sine wave mode and turns the cursor off The output offset voltage is set to 0 0V When writing control software for the 4071 it is a good idea to issue this command first so that the 4071 is in a known state before further commands are issued NOTE The frequency and level values are not reset They are set t
32. waveform data You may have a full pathname here NOTE To run WAVELOAD you must specify the COM port file format and filename If any or all of these are omitted from the command line WAVELOAD will ask you for them EXAMPLE Download the file SINE FLT that is in floating point format to the 4071 using the COM serial port at 9600 baud WAVELOAD sine flt f coml baud 9600 52 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 7 2 Using your own program You may use your own application program to send the arbitrary waveform data to the 4071 To download a waveform to the 4071 you need to send the following to the 4071 through the serial port 1 A two character header consisting of a The W character This tells the 4071 to expect the download of an arbitrary waveform b A single character which specifies the data format The character may be F for floating point or decimal format T for time amp value floating point format D for digital format H for hexadecimal format T for Integer format B for binary format 2 The waveform data values 3 An optional X or x character at the end of the data The X character denotes the end of data If the X character is missing the 4071 will assume all data has been sent after 1 second timeout White space spaces carriage returns tabs etc is allowed before or after the W character Space may come after the format character except
33. wired cable If you wish to build your own cable wire it as follows 9 pin 9 pin cable 9 pin 25 pin cable adapter 2 Apply power to the 4071 After a display of the hardware and software versions and serial number the unit enters the Basic Sinewave mode of operation 3 Run the program WAVELOAD EXE It could be found on enclosed compact disk You may run this program on Windows 95 98 Me NT4 0 START RUN menu or from the DOS prompt The program will ask you which serial COM port the 4071 is attached to Please select a serial port 1 COM1 2 COM2 3 COM3 4 COM4 Enter selection 1 2 3 4 gt After you enter a com port number the program will next ask you for the type of data you are sending to the 4071 Please select a file type F Floating Point T Time amp Value Floating Point CSV PRN D Digital H Hexadecimal I Integer B Binary N Do not send a header Enter selection F H I B N gt Enter F to indicate a floating point file Next you will be asked for the filename Enter filename ESC to exit gt Enter A ARB EXAMPLES SINE FLT and hit the ENTER key NOTE A quicker way to do the above is to enter all parameters on the command line For example if COM port is 2 WAVELOAD COM2 JE arb examples sine flt For further details on how to use WAVELOAD EXE see the chapter 7 7 4 Press the ARBITRARY One Touch Mode Selection key to switch to Arbitrary Waveform mode The 4071 will then generate the waveform at the
34. 000 mV 4 Figure 7 5 1 Function Generator Mode display 1 Waveform In this field select the desired function generator waveform You may select from among the following 0 Positive Ramp 5 Inverted Positive Exponential 1 Negative Ramp 6 Negative Exponential 2 Triangle 7 Inverted Negative Exponential 3 Random noise 8 Sinewave 4 Positive Exponential Select the desired waveform directly using the number keys or use the arrow keys or wheel to scroll through the list 2 Continuous Triggered mode In this field select whether the waveform is generated continuously or on a single event basis If you select Continuous mode then the waveform is immediately restarted once the end of the waveform is reached If you select a Triggered mode then the waveform is halted after the last point is reached and the waveform is not restarted again until another trigger occurs The trigger can come from three sources 1 Pressing the trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trig In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port The 4071 will simultaneously accept a trigger from all of the above sources To set Continuous mode press 1 To set triggered mode press 0 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the run mode between Continuous and Triggered 3 Repetition Frequency In this field enter the frequency at which the function will be repeated You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 2 0MHz in 1 Hz st
35. 11 0101 1111 is sent as d35f The 16 bit value is in two s complement format which represents a number from 1 0 to 1 0 as follows 1 8000 E000 FFFF 0 4000 7FFF i 1 0 225 0 0 St 1 0 Although a 16 bit value is sent to the 4071 the Arbitrary Waveform system uses a 12 bit D A converter so not all 16 bits are used Only the uppermost 12 bits are used to form the arbitrary waveform point Rules for Hexadecimal format 1 Each Hexadecimal value may have 1 to 4 characters Negative values requir 4 characters since the most significant bit of the value bit 15 d must be a 1 for negative values If there are fewer than 4 characters the 1 value is interpreted as positive Characters are not case sensitive 2 To separate each number you may use commas tabs spaces carriage returns and or linefeeds semicolons colons or basically any character that is not among the following r D LL S S SS 9 e A los UB cc e ie KE E 3 The most significant nibble character is the first that is sent to the V 4071 For example to send the value 1234 the 1 is sent first then 2 the 2 etc 4 The SYNC Out output is controlled by bit 3 in the low byte If this bit is set to 1 SYNC Out is set high If this bit is set to 0 SYNC Out is set low Examples of ASCII hex numbers SYNC Out is set high on point 3 E O 4000 fed8 4570 8000 ff0 E6DO 10 FF C06 SendHex IF PointNumber
36. 999 MHz or Volts etc and observe the value that the 4071 returns 12 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 0 Mode descriptions The following pages describe each operating mode of the 4071 The meaning of each parameter that appears on the LCD display is described in detail 5 1 Basic Sinewave CW Mode Introduction The Basic Sinewave CW mode generates a sinewave of fixed frequency and level This mode could be entered by pressing the Sinewawe One touch mode selection key NOTE In this mode you can set the output frequency to 0 Hz and by specifying an offset voltage use the 4071 as a variable voltage source with a 500 output impedance Up to 70 mA can be drawn from the SIG Out output Sinewave Mode Parameters The Sinewave mode has the following front panel display Sinewave Mode l 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 2 Figure 5 1 1 Sinewave mode display 1 Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the sinusoid from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 2 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset By pressing this key you can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more informat
37. BK PRECISION User s Manual Model 4071 31 5MHz Multi Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator B amp K Precision Model 4071 User s Manual B K Precision Corp ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRODUCT AND DOCUMENTATION NOTICE B K Precision reserves the right to change this product and its documentation without prior notice Information furnished by B K Precision is believed to be accurate and reliable However B K Precision assumes no responsibility for its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use No license is granted by implication or otherwise under the patent rights of B K Precision PRINTED IN U S A Printing History Second Edition 12 2002 B K Precision Corp Tel 714 921 9095 Internet http www bkprecision com 28820 Savi Ranch Parkway Fax 714 921 6422 Yorba Linda CA 92887 4604 Table of Contents 1 0 Introduction Lier Diet EA EES 2 1 2 Fe t re SEO ee EE SANTER 3 2 0 Installation and setup Detail explanation of input and output Connectors ENEE 4 3 0 Operating controls and keys Sk MOde EE 3 2 Field arrow keys 3 3 Store Recall key 3 4 Offset key 3 5 Trigger key 3 6 Nume ric keys 01029 isan E ie Beene Mea eas ae i Aa ee ees 9 3 7 M V gt keys deg ah Ss Si a E 3 9 MHz dBm KHz Vp p Sec Hz MVp p MS Keys EEN 10 3 10 One Touch Mode Keys geed EE ae EENEG 10 4 0 Operating guide 4 1 Changing reg ebe ebe eck ni Aen
38. MHz in 01 Hz steps DDS Freq Clock Doubler Generator 9th Order Bessel Fc 10 MHz Counts 0 1 N 0 1 32K x 16 SIG Out Front Panel Gain Control Extra Data bit EE SYNC Out Front Panel Figure 7 2 1 1 Arbitrary Waveform Generator block diagram Logic level output is provided on the SYNC Out connector This output signal could be used to assert a digital pulse on any data point with is useful to generate synchronous pulses with the analog data or to generate arbitrary digital waveforms The 4071 receive arbitrary waveform data through the serial port on the rear of the 4071 An incoming waveform is stored in successive ram locations beginning at address 0 After the last data point is received the system processor adds a special end of data bit to the last data point instructing the counter hardware to reset to the waveform start address after the last data point is sent to the DAC Waveforms may be conveniently saved to nonvolatile memory Those waveform values could be sent to the 4071 in a variety of formats ASCII formats include floating point time amp value floating point decimal hexadecimal and integer Binary format is also supported Waveforms may be generated in Continuous or Triggered modes In continuous mode the waveform is immediately restarted after the last point in the waveform is generated In Triggered mode the waveform halts after the last data point has be
39. Remote Control See the 4071 User s Manual Put the 4071 in Arbitrary Waveform mode set parameters PRINT 1 G F11 F240Z F35yY G Set Arbitrary Mode F11 Set Continuous not Triggered mode F240Z Set sampling clock to 40 MHz F35Y Set output level to 5V p p 62 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Kate giereg Main top n SE ee e See SE die This loop calculates each point of the arbitrary waveform It then calls one of several subroutines depending on what format you d would like the data in to send the data to the 4071 NUMPOINTS 80 Total number of points generated Phase 0 Reset sinewave phase accumulator to 0 PhaseInc 2 3 1415926 NUMPOINTS Phase goes 0 to 2 Pi This loop generates the points and sends them to the 4071 FOR PointNumber 1 TO NUMPOINTS Note Here we call a function to generate a new point value Basic returns d a value from SIN which ranges from 1 0 to 1 0 You may insert your own function here but be sure that the returned value ranges y from 1 0 to 1 0 since the subroutines below expect PointVal d to range from 1 0 to 1 0 PointVal SIN Phase Pick one of the following subroutines depending on desired data format GOSUB SendFloat Send Floating Point ex 3 67e 2 586 012el1 GOSUB SendHex Send Hexadecimal ex fed7 124 63c8 GOSUB SendInteger Send Integer ex 2047 185 2047 Y GOSUB SendBinary Send Binary ie lt hi byte gt
40. Vp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 50O load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 26 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 16 DTMF Generation Mode Introduction Dual Tone Multi Frequency generation mode generates the Touch tone dialing tones according ANSI T1 401 1988 Section 7 2 standard The user can specify dialing digits 0 to 9 alone with extra DTMF codes A thru D A start delay can be specified for each digit The duration of each digit can also be specified These two parameters make it possible to test the performance DTMF detection systems By sending a string of digits to dial to the RS 232 port the 4071 can be used as a speed dialer these digits are queued and dialed with the specified duration and delay between digits NOTE The 4071 can generate a single DTMF digit on a repetitive basis by switching to Dualtone Generation mode and setting each Dualtone frequency
41. a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 16 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 5 External FM Mode Introduction External FM mode generates frequency modulated signal of fixed amplitude were externally supplied signal is used as a modulating signal to vary frequency of the carrier signal Modulated frequency level peak deviation and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating options is available in this mode External FM mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt FM gt 2 key at any time External FM Mode Parameters The External FM mode has the following front panel display External FM Pk dev 10 000 Hz l 2 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 3 Figure 5 4 1 External FM mode display 1 Peak Frequency Deviation In this field specify the degree to which the modulating signal is allowed to change the carrier frequency You may enter from 0 Hz no change to 5 0 MHz in 1 Hz steps This parameter is a peak value If the deviation were 1 KHz and the carr
42. a telephone line High voltages exist on a telephone line which will cause permanent damage to the 4071 This program does the following 1 Clear the screen 2 Open the serial communications port for communicating with the 4071 3 Make sure there is a 4071 connected to the serial port If we can t find one wait until it is connected up 4 Command the 4071 to generate 18 432 MHz at 0 0 dBm 5 Wait for the user to press a key 6 Switch the 4071 to DTMF Detection mode 7 Wait for the 4071 to detect a DTMF digit and print it to the terminal 72 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 y Program Start DECLARE SUB Delay X Declare functions used below E The Delay function waits x mS then returns DECLARE SUB Pause K The Pause fctn waits for a keypress then returns CLS Clear the screen Open serial port 1 for communication with the 4071 with these parameters Ignore the CD CTS DCD flow control lines Set a 5 sec maximum time out for basic to open the port 5 Set the receive buffer to 2K bytes Disable the RTS flow control line 5 Set the transmit buffer to 1K bytes t File access type is Random y Set random access buffer size to 2K OPEN COM1 9600 n 8 1 CD0 CS0 DS0 OP5000 RB2048 RS TB1024 FOR RANDOM AS 1 LEN 2048 d Make sure a 4071 is attached to the serial port If we send the 4071 a control E character it will respond with a control C We use th
43. accepts an external synchronizing signal when the unit is in Lock Slave mode For more information on Arb Locking refer to the chapter Multiple Unit Locking The signal level on this input must be between OV and 5V TTL CMOS it Caution Logic signals outside the OV to 5V range on this input may damage the 4071 7 RS232 Interface connector This port is used for remote operation of the 4071 software upgrades to internal Flash memory To use the remote control feature attach the serial port on a computer or terminal to the RS 232 Interface connector on the back panel of the 4071 on PC to the serial port connector The wiring is different for each type of connector For cabling diagrams see chapter 6 Remote Operation Baud rate is factory set to 9600 but may be changed via the front panel or RS 232 port The other serial port parameters are start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity An ASCII hello screen is printed to the terminal on power up For further information refer to chapter 6 8 Line in connector A standard IEC power cord inserts directly into the back of the 4071 The input is auto ranging and may be 100 240V AC 47 63 Hz H BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 3 0 Operating controls and Keys 3 1 Mode key The Mode key is used to change the operating mode of the 4071 When pressed the LCD display is cleared and the question Mode is displayed The Mode key acts as a shift type key in t
44. ace frequencies The 4071 has internal leveling circuitry which is disabled in this mode in order to offer higher FSK modulation rates NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 22 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 10 External FSK Mode Introduction External FSK Frequency Shift Key generates a frequency shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude External signal is used to toggle the output signal frequency between mark frequency and the space frequency Mark and space frequencies level and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating option is available in this mode External FSK mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt FSK gt 2 key at any time External FSK Mode Parameters The External FSK mode has the following front panel display Ext FSK Mark 1 000 000 00 Hz i 2 Space 2 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 3 Figure 5 10 1 External FSK mode displa
45. ameters The Sweep mode has the following front panel display i St 1 000 000 00 Hz Stp 20 000 000 00 Hz gt 3 Linear Cont Up Time 60 000 mS 10 0 dBm 7 4 5 6 Figure 5 8 1 Sweep mode display 1 Start Frequency In this field enter the starting frequency for the sweep You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE You are not allowed to enter a start frequency that is greater than the stop frequency 2 Stop Frequency In this field enter the ending frequency for the sweep You may enter from 0 Hz to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE You are not allowed to enter a stop frequency that is less than the start frequency 3 Linear Log sweep In this field select how the sweep frequency is incremented during the sweep A linear sweep means that the frequency is incremented by a constant amount for a given amount of time A log sweep means that the frequency is adjusted logarithmically between the start and stop frequencies as the sweep progresses To set Linear type sweep press 1 To set Log type sweep press 0 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the sweep type between Linear and Log 4 Continuous Triggered sweep In this field select whether the sweep is performed continuously or on a single event basis If you select a Continuous sweep then the sweep is immediately restarted once the stop frequency is reached If you select a Triggered type sweep then the sweep is halted once the st
46. ary format 1 IMMEDIATELY after the B character in the header the 4071 expects th first high byte of data point 1 No whitespace is allowed after the B d in Binary mode 2 The high byte of each data point is sent first followed by the low byte 3 The SYNC Out output is controlled by bit 3 in the low byte If this bit is set to 1 SYNC Out is set high If this bit is set to 0 SYNC Out is set low SendBinary IF PointNumber 1 THEN PRINT 1 WB Put header info before lst data point Must not have CR or LF after Convert the value in PointVal to a two s complement hex number 3 32767 IF PointVal lt 0 THEN PointVal PointVal 2 j 32768 a INT PointVal j Convert 1 0 1 0 to 0 65535 a INT a 16 Only the uppermost 12 bits are used so a a 16 Mask off the lower 4 bits AND fff0 IF PointNumber 2 THEN a a OR amp H8 Set SYNC Out bit for second point If you let Basic send a 16 bit variable to a port it will send the low byte 67 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 first and then the high byte The 4071 expects the high byte first so we must reverse the two so we get the proper byte order i e high byte then low byte high INT a 256 Get the High byte of the 16 bit value low a MOD 256 Get the Low byte of the 16 bit value a low 256 high Switch hi and low bytes IF a gt 32767 THEN a a 32768 Make i
47. ata 10 0 dBm 5 Figure 5 25 1 Data Modulation mode display 1 Baud Rate In this field enter the frequency at which the data bits will modulate the output carrier You may enter from 0 Hz to 130 000 Hz in 1 Hz steps The baud rate frequency is accurate to 1 Hz from 0 Hz to 3900 Hz It is accurate to within 1 across its full range of 0 Hz to 130 000 Hz 2 Mark Frequency When the modulation data bit is a 1 the output is set to the Mark frequency You may enter a frequency from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 3 Space Frequency When the modulation data bit is a 0 the output is set to the Space frequency You may enter a frequency from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 01 Hz steps 4 Data This word appears when a valid modulation data message has been downloaded to the 4071 Without a valid data message the word Data does not appear and the 4071 operates in regular Internal FSK mode 5 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps 36 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 NOTE For wideband FSK where the difference between Mark and Space frequencies is gt 1 0 MHz the output level may shift slightly between the mark and space frequencies The 4071 has internal leveling circuitry is disabled in this mode in order to offer higher FSK modulation rates NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signa
48. ata byte sent to the 4071 Note how white space is NOT allowed in Binary mode and the binary data begins immediately after the B character NOTE In binary format you cannot use an X character to denote the end of data Since the ASCII X byte could be interpreted as another binary value NOTE ASCII characters do not represent these data values A binary disk file cannot be viewed using an ordinary text editor Garbled non printable characters will result You must use a hex editor to view such a file 59 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 9 Multiple Units Locking 7 9 1 Introduction to Multiple Arb Locking With this feature users may lock several arbitrary waveform generators together to generate multiple simultaneous signals which are locked together in frequency The user may then adjust a phase offset field to obtain a desired phase relationship between the waveforms with a minimum phase resolution of 0 01 degrees Any shape of waveform may be used In fact waveforms of different shapes may be locked together as long as they all have the same number of points Quick Start Guide To implement Multiple Unit Locking follow these steps 1 Cable units together as shown below 2 Place the Master Unit in Arbitrary Waveform Mode and set the mode on the LCD display to Lock Master 3 Likewise set the mode on each slave unit to Lock Slave 4 Load waveforms into the Master and Slave units The waveforms may differ
49. band press 0 To select Upper sideband press 1 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the sideband selection between upper and lower 3 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE It is possible to enter values for the modulating and carrier frequencies such that the upper sideband can exceed 31 5 MHz or the lower sideband can go below 0 Hz Care should be taken not to do this since distortion of the output waveform may result 4 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 25 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 13 External SSB Mode Introduction External SSB mode generates a Single Sideband SSB modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency External signal is used to modulate either Uppe
50. ch will cause permanent damage to the 4071 Input levels above 25V may damage the 4071 See appendix A for a suitable telephone line interface Background Each DTMF dialing tone consists of two sinusoids of different frequencies which are added together to form the output waveform These frequencies were chosen so that they are not harmonically related The table of each dialing digit and its associated Dualtone frequencies could be listed in 5 16 DTMF Detection Mode Parameters The DTMF Detection mode has the following front panel display DTMF detection on Ext Mod input 1 123 A4 Figure 5 17 1 DTMF Detection mode display 1 DTMF detected digits All detected digits appear on this line of the display The display shows up to 40 detected digits When the 41st digit is detected this line of the display is cleared and the new digit is printed on the left hand side All detected digits are sent to the terminal port By connecting a computer to the terminal port the 4071 can be used as DTMF detection peripheral See the example program in Appendix A 2 RS 232 Port All DTMF detections are printed to the terminal port When a DTMF digit is detected the digit 6 is given here as an example a carriage return and a linefeed plus the following text is sent to the terminal DTMF 6 29 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 18 Power amp Voltage Measurement Mode Introduction The Power amp Voltage Measurement mode measures the
51. ch represents a number from 1 0 to 1 0 as follows 8000 E000 FFFF 0 4000 7FFF cht 5 00 5 10 Although a 16 bit value is sent to the 4071 the Arbitrary Waveform system uses a 12 bit D A converter so not all 16 bits are used Only the uppermost 12 bits are used to form the arbitrary waveform point The fourth lowest bit bit 3 is sent directly to the SYNC Out connector on the front of the 4071 Example The data value E468 is handled as follows E 4 6 8 Moe Mee Ea Dit Ill Ld T These 12 bits are sent to the DAC This bit is sent to the SYNC Out Connector Rules for Binary format 1 IMMEDIATELY after the B character in the header the 4071 expects the first high byte of data point 1 No white space is allowed after the B in Binary mode 2 The high byte of each data point is sent first followed by the low byte 3 The SYNC Out output is controlled by bit 3 in the low byte If this bit is set to 1 SYNC Out is set high If this bit is set to 0 SYNC Out is set low Example A 10 point waveform in binary format with SYNC Out set high point 3 This is the same waveform data that is given as an example in the Hexadecimal format section W B lt 00 gt lt 00 gt lt 40 gt lt 00 gt lt fe gt lt d8 gt lt 45 gt lt 70 gt lt 80 gt lt 00 gt lt f gt lt 0 gt lt e6 gt lt d0 gt lt 00 gt lt 10 gt lt 00 gt lt 0 gt lt 0c gt lt 06 gt where lt xx gt represents the 8 bit binary value of the d
52. cursor off PRINT 1 A F1 18 4322 F2 0 0Z FO After the 4071 executes each command it will return a prompt character gt We wish to wait until after all prompts have come in since that s when the 4071 has finished executing the last command The GetResponsel subroutine has a time out feature which will accomplish this purpose GOSUB GetResponsel Wait for and get response from 4071 to a Let the user know what s going on CLS PRINT CW mode selected Frequency and Level have been set PRINT PRINT PRINT Press any key to go to DIMF Detection mode Wait for the user to press a key before we switch to a new mode CALL Pause as a Switch to DIMF Detection mod This example illustrates how to parse information from the 4071 PRINT 1 M9 Command the 4071 to go to DTMF Detection mode GOSUB PromptWait Wait for 4071 to finish this command GOSUB FlushBuff1l Flush all received chars from 4071 Let the user know what s going on CLS PRINT PRINT PRINT Now in DTMF Detection mode All DTMF detections will be printed PRINT When the 4071 detects a DTMF digit it will print the following text to the terminal port CR LF DTMF 7 DIMFLoop GOSUB GetResponsel Wait for and get response from 4071 to a The 4071 prints a semicolon character whenever it is reporting data The data follows immediately after the semicolon IF INSTR a THEN
53. d of your data then you must stop sending characters to the 4071 for a minimum of 1 second so that the waveform will be generated An example program ARB BAS is included on the supplied compact disk to demonstrate a variety formats for program to the 4071 53 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 8 Data Formats 7 8 1 Floating Point Format A floating point number consists of a mantissa and an optional exponent Downloading floating point values is slower because it can take many characters to represent a single numeric value This format has an advantage however because it is so flexible Many sources of data BASIC trig functions spreadsheets digital oscilloscopes and waveform design packages can generate data in this format Rules for Floating Point format 1 The 4071 expects all floating point values to be between 1 0 and 1 0 If a number falls outside that range the number is set to 1 0 or 1 0 These correspond to the peak values of the waveform If the output voltage level were set for 5V p p for example then 1 0 corresponds to 2 5V and 1 0 corresponds to 2 5V across a 500 load For maximum signal fidelity you should design your waveform so that the peak values just fit into the range of 1 0 to 1 0 You will then be using the full output range of the DAC 2 To separate each number you may use commas tabs spaces carriage returns and or linefeeds semicolons colons or basically any character that is not am
54. de then the waveform is immediately restarted once the last point is reached If you select a Triggered mode then the waveform generation is halted after the last point is reached and the waveform is not restarted again until another trigger occurs The trigger can come from three sources 1 Pressing the Trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trig In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port The 4071 will simultaneously accept a trigger from all of the above sources To set Continuous triggering mode press 1 To set Triggered mode press 0 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the run mode between Continuous and Triggered 4 Clock Frequency In this field enter the Arbitrary Waveform clock frequency This is the frequency at which your waveform values are sent to the Digital to Analog converter DAC You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 40 0 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps If a value of 0 Hz is entered the arbitrary waveform clock is halted 5 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 10 Vp p in 1 mV steps This level is the peak to peak voltage swing of the waveform across a 500 loaded into an open circuit the voltage swing will be twice the specified peak to peak value Offset Enter a DC offset voltage by pressing the Offset key For more information refer to section 4 4 49 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 5 Function Generator Mode i Wave Pos Ramp e 2 1
55. e type 1 to 3 numeric digits If you type 3 digits the value is automatically entered If you only type 1 or 2 digits you can press the MHz key or the KHz key or the Hz key all are equivalent to enter the percentage value 3 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 4 PEP Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified in Internal AM mode is the Peak Envelope Power or PEP As a peak to peak value this level represents the maximum peak to peak voltage swing that will result from a 100 percent modulated carrier If no modulating signal were applied the unmodulated carrier would have only half the peak to peak swing of a 100 modulated carrier NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 50O load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high level turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 14 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 3 External AM Mode Introduct
56. e here this value is in mS OffTime 10 Type in the burst off time here this value is in mS These variables hold the number of pulses that form each command PowerToggle 20 Turn the TV on and off twenty pulses ChannelUp 9 Go to next channel ChannelDown 12 Go to previous channel VolumeUp 3 Increase volume one notch VolumeDown 5 Decrease volume one notch CLS Clear the screen This array is used as a data table which given a command menu number as an index returns the number of pulses in a given infrared pulse stream Array 1 PowerToggle Array 2 ChannelUp Array 3 ChannelDown Array 4 VolumeUp Array 5 VolumeDown Open serial port 1 for communication with the 4071 with these parameters Ignore the CD CTS DCD flow control lines Set a 5 sec maximum time out for basic to open the port Set the receive buffer to 2K bytes Disable the RTS flow control line Set the transmit buffer to 1K bytes File access type is Random Set random access buffer size to 2K OPEN COM1 9600 n 8 1 CD0 CS0 DSO0 OP5000 RB2048 RS TB 1024 FOR RANDOM AS 1 LEN 2048 78 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Make sure a 4071 is attached to the serial port If we send the 4071 a control E character it will respond with a control C We use this feature to see if a 4071 is attached If a 4071 cannot be found wait until one is attached User can abort the program at
57. e switching to Function Generator or Pulse Generator modes 7 7 1 Using WAVELOAD EXE WAVELOAD EXE is a DOS program that will send a waveform file to the 4071 through the serial port on your PC The program can add the necessary two character header before the waveform data WAVELOAD does not process or alter the data file in any way It simply sends a two character header described in the next section and then the contents of the specified file to the chosen serial port It is important that the baud rate setting of the 4071 match the baud rate used by WAVELOAD EXE You may examine or change the baud rate of the 4071 by pressing the Mode key and then the Offset key For more information changing the baud rate please refer to section 5 20 WAVELOAD EXE may be invoked from the DOS prompt as follows C gt WAVELOAD COM x y baud z filename ext Where COMx specifies the serial port where x 1 2 3 4 for COM1 COM2 COM3 or COM4 y specifies the format of the arbitrary waveform data F Floating point T Time amp Value Floating point CSV PRN D Digital H Hexadecimal Integer B Binary N Send no header Use this switch if your data file already has the two character header baud z Specifies the baud rate If this switch is omitted the baud rate defaults to 9600 The allowable baud rates are 300 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 filename ext The name of the file containing the arbitrary
58. ecalled on power up This includes the serial port baud rate 3 4 Offset key The Offset key is used to specify a DC offset voltage to be added to the output signal When this key is pressed the LCD display is cleared and the cursor is placed in a numeric field to enter the offset voltage Both positive and negative voltages can be entered To exit the offset entry screen and return to the current mode press the Offset key again The offset voltage value can be entered in the same manner as any other numeric value You can also use the wheel to modify a particular digit in the value Any voltage within the range of 6 0 to 6 0 can be entered NOTE The offset voltage specified is a 500 load value This is the voltage that will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector If you are connecting the output to a high impedance load the output voltage will be twice that entered 8 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 NOTE Care must be taken when specifying an output offset voltage and level such that the output does not clip The loaded output cannot swing higher than 6 0V or lower than 6 0V Therefore Offset voltage 1 2 Vp p lt 6 0 The 4071 can be used as a variable voltage source by setting the output frequency to 0 0 Hz while in Sinewave mode Then set the offset voltage to the desired output voltage Remember the output impedance is 50 ohms Up to 70 mA can be drawn from the output under these conditions
59. eed a larger phase deviation than 180 degrees go to FM mode and specify an appropriate peak frequency deviation value 3 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 1 Hz steps 4 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 18 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 7 External PM Mode Introduction External PM mode generates phase modulated signal of fixed amplitude were externally supplied signal is used as a modulating signal to vary phase of the carrier signal Modulated frequency level peak deviation and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating options is available in this mode External PM mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt PM gt 2 key
60. eform points The more points you have the better the resolution The resolution is given by Phase Resolution 360 In degrees of waveform points The phase value on the LCD display may be adjusted with 0 01 degree phase resolution If the Phase resolution given by the above formula is greater the 4071 will generate the nearest phase offset to the specified value Waveform Size Restrictions When the arbitrary waveform generator skips points to produce a phase offset the generator will reach the end of the waveform earlier To prevent a discontinuity in the waveform the 4071 must make a duplicate copy of the waveform and tack it onto the end of the original downloaded waveform For this to be possible enough arbitrary waveform memory must be reserved for this duplicate copy One exception is where the waveform fills every memory location 32 768 points In this case the 4071 will not make a duplicate copy of the waveform since the generator will wrap around from the last point to the first point and thus avoid any waveform discontinuity Another exception is when the desired phase offset is limited to less than 359 99 degrees In this case the 4071 do not need to copy the entire waveform since the starting address is bounded It is for these reasons that the length of the waveforms used for Multiple Unit Locking must be 1 32 768 points 2 lt 16 384 points or if the desired phase offset is limited 3 lt 32 768 poin
61. en generated The system then awaits another Trigger condition before generating the waveform again 47 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 2 2 Feature Summary Arbitrary Waveform Generator True Arbitrary Waveform Generation Every point is generated regardless of clock rate Sample rate variable from 0 to 40 Mega samples Second in 01 Hz steps 32 768 maximum waveform points 12 bit vertical resolution Continuous Triggered operation Many data formats supported Floating Point Decimal Integer Hexadecimal Binary CSV and PRN formats Host computer independent No special protocols or software used for waveform downloads Nonvolatile waveform storage 32 768 points 1 location Multiple Arb s may be locked together for multi phase signal generation Function Generator Waveforms Positive Ramp Negative Ramp Triangle Positive Exponential Inverted Positive Exponential Negative Exponential Inverted Negative Exponential Random noise and Sinewave Repetition Rate 0 Hz to 2 MHz in Hz steps all functions Run mode Continuous or Internal External Triggered Output level 4 mV p p to 20 Vp p unloaded or 10 Vp p loaded Pulse Generator Frequency 0 Hz to 2 MHz in Hz steps Duty Cycle Variable 0 to 100 in 1 steps Output Variable in amplitude and offset A TTL CMOS compatible output is simultaneously provided 7 3 Switching Modes Switching to Arbitrary Waveform Function Generator Pulse Generator M
62. eps Ifa value of 0 Hz is entered the function waveform clock is halted A high going synchronization pulse is given on the SYNC Out connector front panel at the start of the waveform In Triggered mode the waveform is generated once per trigger event The duration of each waveform will be 1 Repetition Frequency NOTE Very low function frequencies lt Hz can be generated by setting the Repetition Frequency to Hz This fills the waveform memory with 16 000 points of the desired function Then go to Arbitrary Waveform Mode and enter the Clock Frequency to obtain the desired function rep rate Repetition Rate Clock Frequency 16 000 4 Level In this field enter the 50 loaded output level from 4 mVp p to 10 Vp p in 1 mV steps Into an open circuit the voltage swing will be twice the specified peak to peak value Waveforms with very narrow peaks i e exponential may have signal energy above the cutoff of the output filter 10 MHz The resultant signal may have a distorted shape and reduced peak to peak output swing Offset You can enter a DC offset voltage for the output waveform by pressing the Offset key For more information on output offsets refer to the 4071 User s Manual section 4 4 50 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 6 Pulse Generator Mode Pulse Gen Pos Only N Duty Cycle 50 S 3 Cont Rep Freq 2 000 000 00 Hz 1 000 mV 5 1 Positive Only This field when set to Y does not let the output si
63. erates phase modulated signal of fixed amplitude It used internally generated signal to modulate phase of carrier signal Modulated and modulating frequency output level deviation and DC offset values could be manually entered on the keypad in this mode External signal gating options is available in this mode Internal PM mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt PM gt 1 key at any time Internal PM Mode Parameters The Internal PM mode has the following front panel display l Int PM 1 000 Hz Pk dev 180 deg 2 3 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 6 1 Internal PM mode display 1 Modulating Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the modulating sinusoid You may enter from 0 Hz to 10 000 Hz in 1 Hz steps 2 Peak Phase Deviation In this field specify the degree to which the modulating signal is allowed to change the carrier phase You may enter from 0 no change to 180 degrees in 1 degree steps This parameter is a peak value If the deviation value were 180 degrees for example then the output phase will advance to a maximum of 180 degrees and retard to a minimum of 180 degrees To enter a value type to 3 numeric digits If you type 3 digits the value is automatically entered If you only type 1 or 2 digits you can press the MHz key or the KHz key or the Hz key all are equivalent to enter the degree value NOTE FM modulation is equivalent to PM for small frequency deviation values If you n
64. erface Line in C CH User Data ae E Ov to 10v Figure 2 0 4 Driving the Ext Trigger Gating FSK BPSK input On this connector the user supplies a digital signal which serves a variety of purposes depending on the operating mode of the 4071 3 to 10 This input is a high impedance input about 80KO and can safely accept input levels from 10V to 10V The input uses a comparator with a switching point of about 1 4V permitting either TTL or CMOS logic to drive this input The input has hysterics too so you can apply analog signals to this input i e a sinewave This input has an internal pull down resistor which holds it in the low or 0 state when left open In most modes this input can be used to switch the output signal on or off When driven high the output signal is gated off This function can be performed up to 3 MHz When the output is gated off the DC level on the Sig Out jack is unpredictable The Gating input freezes the output waveform at the output voltage is held to the voltage value that existed at the moment the Gating input went high When the Gating input is brought low again the output waveform resumes from the same point In the External FSK and BPSK modes this input is used to bring in digital data for FSK or BPSK modulation In the Burst and Triggered Sweep modes this input is used as a trigger signal External High logic signal will triggers a sinewave burst or starts a sweep In the Cont
65. ers to the 4071 which causes it to trigger that many pulses in Burst mode a STRING NumPulses t Form a string with NumPulses number of t chars in it I e if Numpulses 3 then a ttt PRINT 1 a Dump the t s to the 4071 The 4071 will now trigger a burst for each t char we sent it After the 4071 executes each t command it will return a prompt character gt We wish to wait until after all prompts have come in since that s when the 4071 has finished processing the last t The GetResponsel subroutine has a time out feature which will accomplish this purpose GOSUB GetResponse1 Wait for and get response from 4071 to a GOTO GetCommand Go get another remote control command f SUBROUTINES The subroutines needed for this example are listed in Appendix A 80 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Limited Two Year Warranty B amp K Precision Corp warrants to the original purchaser that its product and the component parts thereof will be free from defects in workmanship and materials for a period of two years from the data of purchase B amp K Precision Corp will without charge repair or replace at its option defective product or component parts Returned product must be accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the form a sales receipt To obtain warranty coverage in the U S A this product must be registered by completing and mailing the enclosed warranty card to B a
66. et OV to 6 0 V 1 mV steps into 50 Q Output impedance 50 Q Freq accuracy 10 ppm 001 Spectral Purity 5Vpp gt 35 dBc 12MHz 21 5 MHz gt 40dBc Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK Mode Int modulation freq 0 Hz to 130 KHz 1 Hz steps Ext modulation freq 0 Hz to 10 KHz Syne Output Amplitude 3 5V to 5V Fall Time 5 nS Rise Time 8 nS 10 to 90 Output current 24 mA Ext Trigger Gating FSK BPSK input Input impedance 80 KQ Max input level 10V Max gating freq 3 MHz General Power 100 240VAC 47 63 Hz 30W 3 prong IEC conn 1MHz 12 MHz gt 45 dBc 100KHz 1MHz gt 50 dBc DC 100KHz Display 2 lines by 40 characters LCD backlit Distortion 0 01Hz to 100KHz lt 1 External Modulation Input Max level in 5V 10V p p Input Impedance 30 KQ Bandwidth DC to 50 KHz RS232 port Asynchronous no parity 1 start bit 1 stop bit Baud rate Adjustable 300 bps to 115 2 Kbps Connector DB9 female type Operating Modes The carrier frequency for all modulation modes is 0 to 31 5 MHz 01 Hz steps Basic Sinewave CW Mode Output frequency 0 Hz to 31 500 MHz 01 Hz steps Frequency Modulation FM Mode Int modulation freq 0 Hz to 10 KHz 1 Hz steps Ext modulation freq DC to 35 KHz Peak frequency deviation 0 Hz to 5 0 MHz 1 Hz steps Phase Modulation PM Mode Int modulation freq 0 Hz to 10 KHz 1 Hz steps Ext modulation freq DC to 35 KHz Peak phase deviation 0 to 180 deg 1 deg
67. eters The Internal FM mode has the following front panel display 3 Int FM 1 000 Hz Pk dev 10 000 Hz S 3 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 4 1 Internal FM mode display 1 Modulating Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the modulating sinusoid You may enter from 0 Hz to 10 000 Hz in 1 Hz steps 2 Peak Frequency Deviation In this field specify the degree to which the modulating signal is allowed to change the carrier frequency You may enter from 0 Hz no change to 5 0 MHz in 1 Hz steps This parameter is a peak value If the deviation were 1 KHz and the carrier frequency were 1 MHz for example then the output frequency will swing between a maximum of 1 MHz 1 KHz and a minimum of 1 MHz 1 KHz NOTE If values for the deviation and carrier frequencies are entered such that the output frequency exceeds the 0 to 31 5 MHz range distortion of the output waveform may result 3 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE If values for the deviation and carrier frequencies are entered such that the output frequency exceeds the 0 to 31 5 MHz range distortion of the output waveform may result 4 Level In this field enter the output level from 4mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across
68. eypad in this mode For complete details on the Arbitrary Mode refer to section 7 0 of this manual 5 20 Remote Mode Remote mode menu allowed the user to specify the RS 232 baud rate or to disable the port It is recommended to disable the port when a device connected to the RS 232 port and you do not want characters that it may send to the 4071 to affect the operation of the unit The Remote Mode displays the menu RS 232 baud rate 9600 Use 0 9 arrow keys or knob to select You may scroll through a list of the available baud rates by rotating the wheel or pressing an arrow key You may also specify a particular baud rate directly by pressing a number key according to the table below 0 Disable the RS 232 port 5 9600 1 300 6 19200 2 1200 7 38400 3 2400 8 57600 4 4800 9 115200 To abort this question without affecting the current setting press any key other a number or an arrow Disabling the serial port causes the 4071 to ignore all incoming characters from the serial port Disabling RS 232 port does not affect the output of information i e the 4071 will still output characters to the RS 232 port NOTE The baud rate is not permanently changed unless the instrument setup is saved using the RECALL STORE key On power up the instrument setup is recalled from location 0 You may therefore change the power up baud rate of the instrument by selecting a baud rate and then saving the instrument setup to location 0 Th
69. gnal go below OV This feature is handy when driving circuitry that cannot accept negative voltages This feature eliminates having to readjust the offset voltage to obtain a positive only signal every time the output level is changed When this field is set to Y the output level is halved so that the output signal swings from OV to the specified level into a 50Oload or OV to the specified level into an open circuit NOTE If you are using the Pulse Mode to drive digital logic you should use the SYNC Out connector on the front panel This signal has the same shape as the SIG Out signal but comes from a TTL CMOS driver 2 Duty Cycle In this field enter the duty cycle for the pulse waveform from 0 always low to 100 always high in 1 steps The duty cycle is the percentage of the waveform period that the output is high A waveform with a 10 duty cycle for example means that the output is high for 10 of the time and low for the remaining 90 of the waveform period 3 Continuous Triggered mode In this field select whether the waveform is generated continuously or on a single event basis If you select Continuous mode then the waveform is immediately restarted once the end of the waveform is reached If you select a Triggered mode then the waveform is halted after the last point is reached and the waveform is not restarted again until another trigger occurs The trigger may come simultaneously from three sources 1 Pressing
70. hat the meaning of each button on the front panel changes to that described by the red wording beneath it To enter Sweep mode for example first press the Mode key and then press the number 4 key You can exit the Mode screen by pressing the red Mode key again The display returns to the previous mode unchanged Some modes are available on the 4071 that are not printed on the front panel To access these modes press the Mode key and then the Clear key to bring up a scroll menu from which you can select one of these extra modes 3 2 Field arrow keys Field arrow keys are used to move the cursor to the numeric entry field that you wish to edit Each time the key is pressed the cursor is advanced to the next field on the display A flashing character indicates the cursor position When the cursor is advanced to a new field it is placed at the last used position within that field You then use the gt or keys to move the cursor side to side within the field One of the valid cursor fields is off When the cursor is off i e there are no flashing characters anywhere then all numeric values are frozen and cannot be changed until the cursor is switched back on This feature is designed as a lockout function to safeguard parameter values from being changed by inadvertent key presses or turns of the rotary knob 3 3 Recall Store key Recall Store key is used to store or recall an instrument setup to or from 10 storage locations in non vola
71. he BK Precision model 4071 This manual contains operating instructions for the BK Precision Model 4071 Signal Generation and Processing Engine Complete specifications for the Model 4071 are given in Chapter 9 1 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 1 1 Description Figure 1 1 1 4071 front panel The Model 4071 is a versatile signal source capable of generating a variety of waveforms including CW and wideband sweeps from D C to 31 5 MHz in steps of 01 Hz The signals are generated using direct digital waveform synthesis DDS techniques for high accuracy and precision AM FM PM and FSK modulation types are available A high speed Digital Signal Processor DSP controls every aspect of the DDS system and is used internally for the precise generation and processing of all modulating waveforms DSP technology in 4071 allowed implementing additional modes to analyzes an externally applied signal such as DTMF detection and power level measurement The 4071 designed to supply an output signal level of 20 0 Vp p with an offset voltage of 6 0V The output impedance is 500 therefore the 500 loaded output level is 10 0 Vp p with an offset voltage capability of 6 0V in Function Arbitrary and Pulse modes In Sinewave FM PM Sweep VCO Burst DTMF BPSK AM SSB and FSK modes 10Vp p unload and 5 0 Vp p into 50 load The output level and offset voltages can be adjusted with a resolution of 1 mV Output levels can also be specified in
72. he level specified in External AM mode is the Peak Envelope Power or PEP As a peak to peak value this level represents the maximum peak to peak voltage swing that will result from a 100 percent modulated carrier If no modulating signal were applied the unmodulated carrier would have only half the peak to peak swing of a 100 modulated carrier NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 50O load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 15 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 4 Internal FM Mode Introduction Internal FM mode generates frequency modulated signal of fixed amplitude It used internally generated signal to modulate frequency of carrier signal Modulated and modulating frequency output level deviation and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating options is available in this mode Internal FM mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt FM gt 1 key at any time Internal FM Mode Param
73. ide 46 7 2 Introduction to the Arbitrary Waveform Generator 7 2 1 Description of the Arbitrary Waveform System EEN 47 7 2 2 Feature Summary 7 3 Switching to the Arbitrary Function Pulse Generator Modes EEN 48 7 4 Arbitrary Waveform Mode 7 5 Function Generator Mode ait Si its Uk E 7 6 Pulse Generator Mode ee iv buvsnseupscussesvevennsetesisaueshetvoseastesvecghseyaveseaieesvobeceesevsveegettenvesenss 7 7 Downloading Arbitrary Waveforms 7 7 1 Using WAVELOAD EXE 7 7 2 Using YOUL OWN PLO TAIN here Eeer 7 8 Arbitrary Waveform Data Formats 7 8 1 Floating Kom Formats seiren ne chee NOB NA is sla hal Ue Aha E del ee oh teste 54 7 8 2 Time amp Value Floating Point Format CSV PRN ANNE 55 7 8 3 Digital Format sr os es TSA Inte E EE 57 7 8 5 Hexadecimal Format ssenarini priii ii e e R ER RE AEAEE E a 58 1 8 6 Binary FOr a s enep reee EE 59 7 9 Multiple Units Locking T91 Introduction and HOOKUP Dag er ee ere io erne o eers eote eE Ee e opt Eee O EENS eS rE ie anche or PORE EES SENES Pej 60 7 10 Example Arbitration Program ARPB BAR ANEN 62 8 0 DC Operation Option 8 1 Specifications and bookup ENEE 69 9 0 Specifications 5 ccccr arses cence 70 10 0 Software CD 10 1 Contents of the accompanying dek 71 Appendix A RS 232 remote control example host program 72 Appendix B Application example Television remote Control 77 Warranty information 81 1 0 Introduction 8 o5 otter Ge DIS D Figure 1 0 1 T
74. ier frequency were 1 MHz for example then the output frequency will swing between a maximum of 1 MHz 1 KHz and a minimum of 1 MHz 1 KHz for an input signal level of 1 Vp p NOTE If values for the deviation and carrier frequencies are entered such that the output frequency exceeds the 0 to 31 5 MHz range distortion of the output waveform may result 2 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE If values for the deviation and carrier frequencies are entered such that the output frequency exceeds the 0 to 31 5 MHz range distortion of the output waveform may result 3 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 17 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 6 Internal PM Mode Introduction Internal PM mode gen
75. igh on point 4 0 584737 3457e 4 p 0004857e 3 000485 1 0e 0 SendFloat BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 IF PointNumber 1 THEN PRINT 1 WF Put header info before Ist data point IF PointNumber 2 THEN PRINT 1 p Set SYNC Out bit for second point PRINT 1 PointVal Send Floating point number to 4071 RETURN Le Send Integer data to 4071 This format sends a base 10 number which is in the range 2047 to 2047 The integer numbers represent 1 0 to 1 0 as follows 2047 1024 0 1024 2047 10 5 00 5 10 Rules for Integer format 1 The 4071 expects all Integer values to be between 2047 and 2047 If a number falls outside that range the number is set to 2047 or 2047 These correspond to the peak values of the waveform If the output voltage level were set for 5V p p for example then 2047 corresponds to 2 5V and 2047 corresponds to 2 5V across a 50 ohm load For maximum signal fidelity you should design your waveform so that the peak values just fit into the range of 2047 to 2047 You will then be using the full output range of the DAC 2 To separate each number you may use commas tabs spaces carriage returns and or linefeeds semicolons colons or basically any character that is not among the following 0123456789 eE 3 Use of the character for positive values is optional 4 Leading Oe are ignored 5 To se
76. in shape but they must each have the same number of points To generate phase offsets up to 359 99 degrees the number of points must be either 32 768 or lt 16 384 refer to the following section Waveform Size Restrictions 5 Set the sampling rate on the Master Unit to the desired sampling frequency The frequency shown on the slave units is not used 6 If desired set the phase offset on each Slave Unit s to the desired phase offset s 7 Optionally save the setup on each unit using the Store Recall button The waveforms will also be saved How it works Arb wave locking works by using common timing signals for multiple arbitrary waveform generators To lock multiple generators together two signals are shared a sample clock and a reset signal see the diagram below The sample clock ensures that the waveform points on all generators are generated at exactly the same rate The reset signal tells all units to jump to the first sample point at the same time With these two signals all units are guaranteed to be on the same sample point at the same time The 4071 use one arbitrary waveform generator as a Master unit that generates the sample clock and reset signal for all of the Slave units Multi Unit Hookup Two cables are used to connect on master 4071 to one or more slave units NOTE Observe that one of the connectors for the interconnecting cables is on the Front Panel You may hook from two to six units toge
77. inuous Sweep mode driving this input high can halt the sweep The sweep will resume when this input is brought low again In the Arbitrary Function and Pulse Generator modes this input serves as a trigger signal input If Triggered mode is selected the generation of your arbitrary function pulse waveform will commence on the rising edge of the trigger signal it Caution Be careful to ensure that the input signal does not exceed the 10V limit Permanent damage to this input may result by exceeding this input voltage limit 6 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 4071 Rear Panel Ext Ext Ext ref Ext Ret Modulation Trigger Arb Arb Syne PYYRAVolts Gating Clock In Out a t o meas Input FSK BPSK Input RS232 Input Interface OO Oo Ch Line in Figure 2 0 5 Rear panel connectors 5 External Reference Input Ext Arb Clock connector This connector accepts an external sample clock for the Arbitrary Waveform Generator when the unit is in External Clock or Lock Slave modes The signal level on this input must be between OV and 5V and is intended to be driven by TTL CMOS logic For more information on Arb Locking refer to the chapter Multiple Unit Locking This connector is also reserved for the addition of an external time base reference option it Caution Logic signals outside the OV to 5V range on this input may damage the 4071 6 External Arb Sync In Out connector This connector
78. ion External AM mode generates amplitude modulated signal of fixed carrier frequency were externally supplied signal is used as a modulating signal to vary signal modulated frequency and depth Modulated frequency output level input gain and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating options is available in this mode External AM mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt AM gt 2 key at any time External AM Mode Parameters The External AM mode has the following front panel display External AM Input gain 999 3 1 000 000 00 Hz PEP level 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 3 1 External AM mode display 1 Input Gain In this field specify a value used to scale the input signal With a value of 999 a 1 Vp p signal on the input will result in 100 modulation of the carrier amplitude You may enter a value from 0 to 999 The gain value is always less than 1 0 To enter a value type to 3 numeric digits If you type 3 digits the value is automatically entered If you only type 1 or 2 digits you can press the MHz key or the KHz key or the Hz key all are equivalent to enter the gain value 2 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 3 PEP Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in ImV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE T
79. ion on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage on this jack 3 V to 10V will turn off the output signal A logic low voltage on this jack OV to 10V will leave the output signal on For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 13 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 2 Internal AM Mode Introduction The Internal AM mode generates an amplitude modulated signal form with fixed carrier and modulating frequencies An internally generated sinusoid is used as a modulating signal to vary the amplitude of a carrier sinusoid The modulation waveform is not suppressed carrier i e a fixed amount of carrier power is always present in the modulated signal Internal AM mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt AM gt 1 key at any time Internal AM Mode Parameters The Internal AM mode has the following front panel display l Int AM 1 000 Hz Percent Mod 100 S 3 1 000 000 00 Hz PEP level 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 2 1 Internal AM mode display 1 Modulating Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the modulating sinusoid from 0 Hz to 10 000 Hz in 1 Hz steps 2 Percentage modulation In this field enter the degree to which the modulating signal is allowed to change the carrier amplitude You may enter from 0 no change to 100 maximum change in 1 steps To enter a valu
80. ir charges contact the factory before shipping the product Return all merchandise to B amp K Precision Corp with pre paid shipping The flat rate repair charge includes return shipping to locations in North America For overnight shipments and non North America shipping fees contact B amp K Precision Corp B amp K Precision Corp 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 Email service bkprecision com Include with the instrument your complete return shipping address contact name phone number and description of problem 82 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 PN 481 419 9 001 Printed in the U S A 2002 B amp K Precision Corp 22820 Savi Ranch Pkwy Yorba Linda CA 92887 USA TEL 714 921 9095 FAX 714 921 6422 www bkprecision com
81. is feature to see if a 4071 is attached If a 4071 cannot be found wait until one is attached User can abort the program at this point by pressing any key When power is applied to the 4071 it prints a menu to the serial port We wish to disregard these characters so flush them GOSUB FlushBuff1l Flush all received chars from buffer Tell the user to connect up a 4071 PRINT Connect the 4071 to the serial port and power the 4071 ConnectLoop PRINT 1 CHR 5 Print a control E to 4071 ASCII char 5 Wait for the 4071 to give us some characters When they arrive put then into the string a GOSUB GetResponsel Wait for and get response from 4071 to a Allow the user to exit the program by pressing a key IF INKEYS lt gt THEN SYSTEM Exit on first terminal keypress Did we get a control C ASCII char 3 from the 4071 IF INSTR a CHR 3 THEN GOTO GotSG100 GOTO ConnectLoop GotSG100 73 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 W Set a frequency and level on the 4071 Send the following command string to the 4071 A F1 18 4322 F2 0 02 FO These characters have the following meaning P A Reset the 4071 to Sinewave mode x Fl Move cursor to field 1 the frequency field 18 4322 Enter a frequency of 18 432 MHz l F2 Move cursor to field 2 the level field 0 02 Enter a level of 0 0 dBm d FO Move cursor to field 0 turns
82. is menu does not change any other RS 232 parameters The port is always set to start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity For information on remote control operation of the 4071 refer to chapter 6 0 Remote Operation 5 21 Other mode This mode displays a menu of extended modes that are available on the 4071 It is used to present additional operating modes that are not printed on the front keypad Pressing Mode key once and then the Clear key access other Mode menu Select Mode 1 BPSK lt gt to scroll 2 Dualtone You can scroll through the list of available selections using the arrow keys The V or key scrolls the display to higher selection numbers and the A or key scrolls the menu to lower selection numbers You may also turn the wheel to scroll the menu forward or backward To select a mode listed in the menu press its number key To abort the menu and return to the previous mode press any key other than an arrow or 0 to 9 31 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 22 Internal BPSK Mode Introduction The Internal BPSK mode generates a phase shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude An internal timer is used as a modulating signal to switch the output phase between 0 and 180 degrees at a specified rate The modulation is suppressed carrier i e no carrier energy is present in the output waveform BPSK mode could be accessed from other modes menu Internal BPSK Mode Parameters The Internal BPSK m
83. l which will appear across a 50O load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Trigger Input In Data Modulation mode this input functions as an external trigger input Logic low to high transition on this input will trigger the transmission This input has an internal pull down resistor so that the input is held at a logic low when this input is left unconnected See section 2 0 for more information on the External Trigger Input Downloading Modulation Message Data To download the modulation data you must send an ASCII message to the 4071 through the serial port To do this first cable the PC s serial port to the 4071 as shown in the Remote Operation section of this manual The following example has you generate an ASCII disk file and download it to the 4071 If the file already has the W M header you may use the WAVELOAD EXE utility with the no header option ON to send the file to the 4071 See the chapter on Downloading Arbitrary Waveforms for more information on WAVELOAD EXE You may also write your own program to send the data to the 4071 If you wish to use your own program be sure to set the serial port parameters tol start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity The baud rate of your program must also match that of the 4071
84. ld be vary between two specified values using externally supplied 5 0V 5 0V voltage The control input bandwidth is DC to 35 KHz Start End frequencies output level and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating options is available in this mode External Sweep VCO mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt Sweep gt 2 key at any time VCO Mode Parameters The Voltage Controlled Oscillator mode has the following front panel display VCO Start 0 Hz l 2 End 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 3 Figure 5 26 1 VCO mode display 1 Start Frequency This is the output frequency when 5 0V is applied to the External Modulation In connector rear panel You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE You are not allowed to enter a start frequency that is greater than the end frequency 2 End Frequency This is the output frequency when 5 0V is applied to the External Modulation In connector rear panel You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE You are not allowed to enter end frequency that is less than the start frequency 3 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal will appear across a 50O load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circ
85. ll data has been sent after 1 second time out The 18 bit message for the data PPOO AA20 is sent as follows 1111 1110 1001 0110 10 t First bit transmitted ae Last bit transmitted Since this message is only 18 bits long the last 14 bits of AA20 are ignored 37 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 NOTE For more information on the Hexadecimal format please refer to the User s Manual chapter on Hexadecimal Format Triggering the Transmission The Data Modulation mode starts by setting the output frequency to 0 Hz and awaiting a trigger condition When a trigger condition occurs the unit will turn on the carrier and modulate the carrier until all bits have been sent out After the message has been transmitted the 4071 will turn off the carrier and await another trigger event The 4071 will simultaneously accept a trigger from these three sources 1 Pressing the Trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trig In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port Saving the Message You may save the downloaded message by saving the instrument setup using the STORE RECALL button Up to 10 instrument setups including 10 messages may be stored Modulation data messages are only saved when the unit setup is stored in Internal FSK mode 38 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 26 Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCO Mode Introduction The Voltage Controlled Oscillator mode generates signal where frequency cou
86. modulating signal to toggle the output signal frequency between mark frequency and space frequency Mark and Space frequencies output level modulating shift frequency and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel keypad in this mode External signal gating option is available in this mode Internal FSK mode could be entered by pressing Mode gt FSK gt 1 key at any time Internal FSK Mode Parameters The Internal FSK mode has the following front panel display S Int FSK 1 000 Hz Mark 1 000 000 00 Hz 5 3 Space 2 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 9 1 Internal FSK mode display 1 Modulating Frequency In this field enter the frequency at which the output will switch between the Mark and Space frequencies You may enter from 0 Hz to 130 000 Hz in 1 Hz steps The internal modulating frequency is accurate to 1 Hz from 0 Hz to 3900 Hz It is accurate to within 1 across its full range of 0 Hz to 130 000 Hz 2 Mark Frequency In this field enter the Mark frequency from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 3 Space Frequency In this field enter the Space frequency from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 4 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE For wideband FSK where the difference between Mark and Space frequencies is gt 1 0 MHz the output level may shift slightly between the mark and sp
87. mp K Precision Corp 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 within fifteen 15 days from proof of purchase Exclusions This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alternations or repairs It is void if the serial number is alternated defaced or removed B amp K Precision Corp shall not be liable for any consequential damages including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use Some states do not allow limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights which vary from state to state Model Number Date Purchased 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 www bkprecision com 81 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Service Information Warranty Service Please return the product in the original packaging with proof of purchase to the below address Clearly state in writing the performance problem and return any leads connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Non Warranty Service Return the product in the original packaging to the below address Clearly state in writing the performance problem and return any leads connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Customers not on open account must include payment in the form of a money order or credit card For the most current repa
88. n The External BPSK mode generates a phase shift ke yed signal of fixed amplitude The logic level on the Ext FSK In connector is used as a modulating signal to shift the output phase between 0 and 180 degrees The modulation is suppressed carrier i e no carrier energy is present in the output waveform NOTE External BPSK is implemented by sampling the Ext FSK In line at 1 43 MHz When a change in the state of the line is detected the output phase is switched Since this input is sampled there may be a small but unpredictable delay between when the input changes and when the output phase is switched This delay is never greater than 1 1 430 000 sec 700 nS The net result is a 700 nS worst case jitter in the modulation edges The faster you modulate the output the more percentage of your modulating waveform this jitter becomes Although you can modulate beyond the stated maximum rate this jitter becomes increasingly greater percentage of your modulating waveform The jitter becomes 10 of the high or low time at 35 75 KHz This mode is available under the other modes menu External BPSK Mode Parameters The External BPSK mode has the following front panel display External BPSK l 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 2 Figure 5 23 1 External BPSK mode display 1 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 2 Level In this field enter the output level fr
89. n the desired field When the cursor is advanced to a new field it is placed in the rightmost position within that field and is indicated by a flashing character One of the valid cursor fields is off When the cursor is off numeric values cannot be altered until the cursor is switched back on This feature is designed as a lockout function to safeguard parameter values from being changed by inadvertent key presses or turns of the rotary knob Once the cursor has been moved to the desired field the field value can be changed in two ways You can modify a current value or you can enter a new value 4 5 1 Modifying an existing value To modify an existing value first move the cursor to the desired field using the Field Arrow keys Then use the gt and keys to position the cursor over the digit you wish to change Press the or W key to increment or decrement that digit Alternatively you can turn the rotary knob clockwise or counterclockwise to adjust the digit s value Attempting to set a parameter to a value outside the allowable range will cause the 4071 to beep and set the parameter to its maximum or minimum permissible value Non numeric values toggle between preset values An example is Linear or Log type sweep You can toggle these values by pressing an arrow key or turning the wheel You can also press the 0 key to select the first value or the 1 key to select the second value 4 5 2 Entering a new value To enter a new value fi
90. ng pulse is given on this output at the start of each function waveform This useful feature allows the user to synchronize the functions to other events In the Pulse Generator mode this output follows the SIG Out signal The signal on this output has the same frequency and duty cycle as signal on the SIG out connector However the signal on this connector is not variable in amplitude and offset it set to 5V to provide a convenient interface with TTL CMOS digital logic 2 SIG Out connector This is the main signal output It has a source impedance of 50 and can supply signals as large as 20 Vp p into an open circuit or 10Vp p into a 500 load It can also supply a DC offset voltage of 6 000V into a 500 load it Caution Although the output is protected against short circuits you should NEVER connect SIG Out to a voltage or signal source This may overload the output and damage the 4071 4 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 3 External Modulation In connector The External Modulation In connector located on the rear of the 4071 accepts an external analog signal as illustrated here 4071 Rear Panel Ext Ext Ext ref Ext Ret Modulation Trigger Arb Arb Syne PRIVolts Gating Clock In Out ND meas Input FSK BPSK Input RS232 Input Interface i Line In DOG E 1Vp p Gain Microphone max level ajust Figure 2 0 3 Connecting an external signal On this connector the user supplies a base band signal below 50 KH
91. nput voltage and the specified system impedance 2 Voltage Level In this field the average DC voltage of the input signal is displayed If an AC signal is applied to the input this field will display the DC component of that signal 3 System Impedance In this field specify the value of the load resistance used to calculate power You may enter a value between 1 and 9990 To enter a value type 1 to 3 numeric digits If you type 3 digits the value is automatically entered If you only type or 2 digits you can press the MHz key or the KHz key or the Hz key all are equivalent to enter the impedance value 4 External Modulation In Connector Apply the signal to be measured to this connector For this mode the input signal may be in the 5 0V to 5 0V range Levels outside this range will be clipped by limiting circuitry zik Caution Levels outside 25V may damage the 4071 5 RS 232 Port You can have the power level value continuously sent to the terminal port by issuing the remote control command enable LCD echo See chapter 6 0 for further details on this command 30 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 19 Arbitrary Mode In Arbitrary generator mode the user could design custom waveform on PC then download it to 4071 memory over RS 232 serial port to synthesize signal Continuous or trigger triggering modes are available Signal Clock output level and DC offset values could be manually entered from the front panel k
92. o the values that existed the last time the unit was in Sine wave mode Or the power up default values if they had not been changed The RS232 baud rate remains unchanged 42 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 V Report hardware and software versions This command reports the hardware software versions A hexadecimal serial number and a program memory checksum are also reported by this command BK Precision model 4071 Software Version c 2 Hardware Version 1 0 S N F45E3412AC56 PM Checksum 0017829BB903 K1 0 Enable Disable front panel keys and rotary knob This command is used to disable or enable the front panel keypad and rotary knob To disable the front panel and knob issue the two ASCII characters KO To re enable them issue the characters K1 NOTE On power up the keypad rotary knob and RS 232 port are all enabled and operate together simultaneously If the front panel is not needed during remote operation it is advisable to disable it with the KO command This would prevent a user from pressing buttons on the front panel of the unit which could upset a control program by unexpectedly changing the state of the 4071 E1 0 Enable Disable LCD echo to terminal This command enables or disables a feature where the 4071 prints the contents of the LCD display to the terminal port whenever the display changes It is useful to enable this feature when you cannot see the LCD display It is also used by the p
93. ode F2 Move cursor to field 2 on time duration field 432X Enter a duration value of 432 mS F3 Move cursor to field 3 burst frequency field 52 Enter a freq value of 5 MHz f4 Move cursor to field 4 off time delay field 10y Enter a delay value of 10 seconds fO Move cursor to field 0 turn cursor off O Go to offset entry ech See Enter an offset value of 1 23 volts T Trigger the burst Example 3 A Fl LLLL UUU 0 This command sequence breaks down as follows A Reset 4071 to Sinewave mode F1 Move cursor to field 1 frequency field LLLL Move the cursor left 4 times to the 1 000 Hz digit pos UUU Increment this digit 3 times fO Move cursor to field 0 turn cursor off 45 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 0 Arbitrary Waveform Mode 7 1 Quick Start Guide This guide will show you how to download and generate SINE FLT an example waveform in floating point format This file is on the supplied compact disk in the disc 4071 arb examples directory 1 Connect a serial port on you PC to the serial port connector on the rear of the 4071 You may temporarily detach your serial mouse if needed to free up a serial port Mouse operation will be restored after the download If your computer has a 9 pin connector use a cable that is wired 1 1 or straight through If you computer has a 25 pin serial port connector install a 25 to 9 pin adapter available at most computer stores and then the 1 1
94. ode In order to switch 4071 unto one of those modes press one Touch Mode selection keys on the front panel 48 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 4 Arbitrary Waveform Mode 1 4 Arb Mode Int Clock Phase 126 35 deg 4 3 Cont Clock 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 000 mV 5 Figure 7 4 1 Arbitrary Waveform Mode display 1 Int Clock Ext Clock Lock Master Lock slave mode In this field select the clocking mode for the arbitrary waveform system Internal Clock The sample clock is generated internally The clock frequency is entered directly via the front panel External Clock The sample clock 40 MHz max is taken from the External Arb Clock input on the back panel e Warning TTL CMOS levels OV to 5V only Lock Master The unit provides the master timing signals for locking multiple 4071 Arb generators together Lock Slave The unit receives all timing signals from a master unit Used when locking multiple 4071 Arb s together For more information on locking Arb s together see the section 7 9 2 Phase This field is used during Multiple Unit Locking and only appears when the unit is in Lock Slave mode It allows you to specify a phase offset of the arbitrary waveform relative to the waveform being generated by the Master Unit For more information see section 7 9 3 Continuous Triggered mode In this field select whether the waveform is generated continuously or on a single event basis If you select Continuous mo
95. ode has the following front panel display i Int BPSK 1 000 Hz 2 1 000 000 00 Hz 3 Figure 5 22 1 Internal BPSK mode display 1 Modulating Frequency In this field enter the carrier phase switching frequency You may enter from 0 Hz to 130 000 Hz in 1 Hz steps The internal modulating frequency is accurate to 1 Hz from 0 Hz to 3900 Hz It is accurate to within 1 across its full range of 0 Hz to 130 000 Hz 2 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps 3 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 50O load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset By pressing this key you can enter an offset voltage for the output waveform For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to turn the output signal on or off A logic high voltage on this jack 3V to 10V will turn off the output signal A logic low voltage on this jack OV to 10V will leave the output signal on For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 32 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 23 External BPSK Mode Introductio
96. oint and click Remote Control Software for Windows The command echoes the LCD display by sending two lines of ASCII text containing all 80 characters of the display Two lines of 40 ASCII characters are always printed even if a line on the display is blank Each line is enclosed by the double quote character and each line begins and ends with a carriage return and linefeed sequence The location of the cursor within the display is also reported as a hex value A typical LCD display echo in Sinewave mode for example would appear on a terminal as follows Cursor 4B Sinewave mode 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm The cursor positions for the top line of the display begin with 0 for the upper left corner and end with hex 27 as the last position on in the top right corner The cursor positions for the bottom line of the display begin with hex 40 for the lower left corner and end with hex 67 as the last position on in the bottom right corner If the cursor is currently off then the word off is printed instead of a hex value To enable LCD echoing send the two ASCII characters E1 To disable LCD echoing send EO NOTE Each time the E1 command is issued the display is re printed to the terminal You can use this command as a refresh function to observe the state of the LCD display at any time To read the LCD display exactly one time you may issue the command sequence E1E0 This will send the contents of the display exactly one time to
97. om 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset By pressing this key you can enter an offset voltage for the output waveform For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext FSK Input Apply the digital data to be modulated on this connector When this input is high the output phase is advanced 180 degrees When this input is low the output frequency is retarded 180 degrees I e this input switches the sign of the output carrier 33 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 24 Dualtone Generation Mode Introduction The Dualtone Generation mode generates an output signal which is the sum of two sinusoids of equal amplitude The frequency of each sinusoid may be individually specified with 1 Hz resolution In addition a phase offset may be specified which offsets the phase of one sinusoid with respect to the other The resulting Dualtone waveform may be gated on and off for specified intervals This feature allows the user to pulsate the tone which can be especially useful when generating cadenced signals such as a busy tone ring back etc This mode is available under the other modes menu To enter the Dualtone Generation mode press Mode Clea
98. on 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 4 0 Operating guide Turn 4071 on After a display of the hardware and software versions and serial number the unit enters the Basic Sinewave mode of operation The 4071 defaults to generating a 1 0 MHz sinewave at a level of 10 0 dBm 4 1 Changing frequency To change the frequency press the Right Field Arrow button once The cursor will move to the frequency field A flashing digit indicates the cursor position You can change the frequency two different ways You can enter a new value or you can modify the current value To enter a new value type in the frequency using the numeric keypad Then press the MHz key for MHz or the KHz key for KHz or the Hz key for Hz The unit will make a two beeps sound to indicate that a new frequency value has been accepted To modify an existing value use the gt and keys to position the cursor over the digit you wish to change Then press the ah or W key to increment or decrement that digit Alternatively you can turn the rotary knob clockwise or counterclockwise to adjust the digit s value 4 2 Changing level To set a new output level press the Right Field Arrow button until the cursor flashes on the right hand side where the level is displayed You can change the level two ways You can type in a new value or adjust it with the wheel or arrow keys To enter a new level type in the new level value using the numeric keypad For a negative dBm value press the key
99. ong the following 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 e E X 3 You do not have to include an exponent i e e 5 If no exponent is given the 4071 assumes that the exponent is 0 4 Space characters are not allowed between the mantissa and the exponent 5 Use of the character for positive values is optional 6 To set the SYNC Out output high during a data point put a p or P BEFORE that data point The P character Kaaf may have space around it if desired SYNC Out is set low for all data points that do not have a p or P before them Example A six point waveform with SYNC Out set high on point 4 0 584737 3457e 4 p p 0004857e 3 000485 1 0e O0 X The X character denotes the end of the data and is optional If the X character is missing the 4071 will assume all data has been sent after 1 second timeout 54 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 8 2 Time amp Value Floating Point Format This format uses the same numerical format as Floating Point except that a Time or Point Number value precedes each Point Value Since the 4071 does not need the Time or Point Number specifying this format causes the 4071 to skip every other number it encounters starting with the first floating point number All rules for this format are identical to those for Floating Point Format except that the Time or Point Number value need not be between 1 0 and 1 0 in value since the 4071 discard these values du
100. op frequency is reached The sweep is not restarted again until another trigger occurs The trigger can come from three sources 1 Pressing the Trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trig In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port The 4071 will simultaneously accept a trigger from all of the above sources To set Continuous type sweep press 1 To set Triggered type sweep press 0 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the sweep type between Continuous and Triggered 20 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 Up Down sweep In this field select the direction of the sweep An up sweep begins at the start frequency and ends at the end frequency A down sweep begins at the end frequency and ends at the start frequency To set Up type sweep press 0 To set down type sweep press 1 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the sweep between Up and Down 6 Sweep time In this field you specify how long it takes the sweep to increase the frequency from the start frequency to the stop frequency You may enter 1 mS to 60 000 mS 60 seconds in 1 mS step In Continuous sweep mode the sweep may be halted by applying logic high to the Ext Gating Input connector on the rear of the unit Doing so also halts the sweep timer i e the sweep time will be lengthened by the amount of time that the sweep is halted 7 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp
101. p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 SYNC Out Connector This TTL CMOS compatible output supplies a high going pulse at the start of each sweep That could be useful for triggering scopes or other equipment at the start of each sweep Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input is used in two different ways depending on whether the sweep mode is Continuous or Triggered In Continuous sweep the user can halt the sweep dead in its tracks by applying logic high 3V to 10V on this jack The output frequency will be held constant until the input is brought low again The sweep will then resume toward the stop frequency In Triggered type sweep this input functions as an external sweep trigger input A logic low to high transition on this input will trigger the sweep This input has an internal pull down resistor so that the input is held at a logic low when this input is left unconnected 21 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 9 Internal FSK Mode Introduction Internal FSK mode generates a frequency shift keyed signal of fixed amplitude Internal timer is used as
102. p p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 34 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off Logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 Dualtone Examples The following table lists the parameters for some common Dualtone Name Frequency 1 Frequency 2 On Time Ton Dial Tone 350 Hz 440 Hz 1 mS Ring back 440 Hz 480 Hz 2 000 mS Busy 480 Hz 620 Hz 500 mS Reorder 480 Hz 620 Hz 250 mS DSN Preempt 440 Hz 620 Hz 1 mS European 420 Hz 440 Hz various Note The Phase Offset field value may be set to any value to properly generate these tones 35 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Off Time Toff 0 mS 4 000 mS 500 mS 250 mS 0 mS various 5 25 Data Modulation Mode Introduction The data modulation mode will digitally modulate a binary message of up to 960 bits 60 words in length Data is digitally modulated using FSK modulation at an adjustable baud rate The mark and space frequencies may be
103. r 2 Dualtone Generation Mode Parameters The Dualtone Generation mode has the following front panel display 1 2 3 Dualtone F1 10 000 Hz F2 5 000 Hz 0 Ton 1 000 mS Toff OmS 10 0 4 5 6 Figure 5 24 1 Dualtone Generation mode display 1 Tone 1 frequency In this field enter the frequency of the first signal You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 10 000 KHz in Hz steps 2 Tone 2 frequency In this field enter the frequency of the second signal You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 10 000 KHz in 1 Hz steps 3 Phase Offset In this field enter the phase offset from the first sinusoid to the second The sinusoid of Tone 1 is advanced by the specified phase relative to Tone 2 This parameter is useful when the frequencies of the two tones are harmonically related and a specific phase relationship between the two is desired You may enter from 0 degrees to 359 degrees in 1 degree steps 4 Output On time In this field enter the amount of time for the output to remain on If you wish a continuous output any value may be specified here but you will need to set the off time to 0 mS You may enter an ON time from 1 mS to 10 000 Sec in 1 mS steps 5 Output Off time In this field enter the amount of time for the output to remain off If you wish a continuous output set this value to 0 mS you may enter an OFF time from 0 mS to 10 000 Sec in 1 mS steps 6 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mV
104. r more information on this input refer to chapter 2 0 23 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 11 Burst Mode Introduction The Burst mode generates a sinusoid burst of fixed frequency and level for a specified duration Both continuous and triggered bursts may be generated In the continuous burst mode the 4071 continuously gates the output sinusoid on and off according to the values entered in the On and Off fields In triggered burst mode the output frequency is set to 0 Hz and the unit awaits a trigger condition When a trigger condition occurs the 4071 delays for a time specified in the Off time field and then sets the output frequency to the specified value When the time specified in the On field has elapsed the 4071 resets the output frequency to 0 Hz and awaits another trigger condition The 4071 will simultaneously accept a trigger from all of the above sources 1 Pressing the Trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trig In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port NOTE An external digital signal can be used to generate bursts by switching to Sinewave mode and using the Ext Gating In connector to gate the output waveform on or off The output is turned off when the input is at a logic high voltage 3V to 10V This input can be run up to 3 MHz 1 Burst Mode rig Ton 10 000 mS 2 1 000 000 00 Hz Off 0 mS 10 0 dBm 5 Figure 5 11 1 Burst mode display 1 Continuous Triggered Mode
105. r sideband or Lower sideband of a carrier signal Carrier frequency output level with DC offset values could be manually entered on the keypad External signal gating option available in this mode Internal SSB mode could be entered by pressing Mode SSB gt 2 key at any time External SSB Mode Parameters The External SSB mode has the following front panel display External SSB Upper Sideband 2 1 000 000 00 Hz 10 0 dBm 3 Figure 5 13 1 External SSB mode display 1 Upper Lower Sideband selections This parameter selects which sideband will be generated Single sideband modulation specifies that all energy in the modulated waveform should be either above the carrier frequency or below it Upper sideband places all signal energy above the carrier frequency and Lower sideband places all signal energy below the carrier frequency To select Lower sideband press 0 To select Upper sideband press 1 Pressing any arrow key or rotating the wheel will toggle the sideband selection between upper and lower 2 Carrier Frequency In this field enter the frequency of the carrier You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps NOTE It is possible to enter values for the carrier frequency such that the upper sideband can exceed 31 5 MHz or the lower sideband can go below 0 Hz Care should be taken not to do this since distortion of the output waveform may result 3 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 m
106. res that the cursor goes directly to the desired field regardless of where it was before the command was issued or H Print help menu This command prints the on line help menu The menu is a listing of all remote control commands To issue this command you may press either the H or the keys on your terminal E Return a C Sending an ASCII control E character ASCII value 5 to the 4071 will cause it to echo back a control C ASCII value 3 Remote control programs could use this future to confirm current settings of remotely controlled 4071 44 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 6 7 Remote Control Examples The following are some examples of ASCII character command sequences Example 1 B EL 3 1412 N 2 32 FO NOTE You do not need spaces between the characters They were added here only to make the commands more readable This command sequence breaks down as follows B Set 4071 to Sinewave mode F1 Move cursor to field 1 frequency field 3 141Z Enter a freq value of 3 141 MHz N Move cursor to next cursor field field 2 level field 2 32 Enter a level of 2 3 dBm FO Move cursor to field 0 turn cursor off Example 2 M6 Fl O F2 432X F3 5z 4 10y 0 O 1 23Y T Note All commands are case insensitive you may use either upper case or lower case letters This command sequence breaks down as follows M6 Set 4071 to Burst mode F1 Move cursor to field 1 Trigger Continuous field 0 Set Triggered burst m
107. ring the download This format is useful since many graphical waveform design programs allow you to save your work as a disk file in this format The filenames often have a CSV comma separated values or PRN Printer tab separated values extension Both file types may be downloaded directly without modification by using the T format switch with WAVELOAD EXE or adding a WT header when downloading with your own program Example A ten point waveform with SYNC Out set high on point 2 0 000000 p 1 031411E 1 2 062791 3 094108 4 1 0 5 156434 6 187381e 2 7 218143 8 248690 9 278991e 03 10 309017 Example 2 The same ten point waveform with the values separated by tabs Note Any space character s defined in the rules for Floating Point format may be used to separate the numbers 000000 031411E 1 062791 094108 1 0 156434 187381le 2 218143 248690 218 IITE 0 3 0 309017x o vw o AJ A oO BWNHED CO The x character at the end denotes the end of the data and is optional If the x character is missing the 4071 will assume all data has been sent after 1 second timeout 55 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 8 3 Digital Format The Digital format was implemented as an easy way to design purely digital waveforms i e waveforms that are either high or low The digital format provides a very efficient way of representing waveforms that assume only a high or
108. rolling the 4071 It can be used as a starting point for writing your own remote control applications The program illustrates several basic techniques for remotely controlling the 4071 with a control program The program begins by showing how to detect the presence of the 4071 on the serial port It also shows how to set the operating mode and enter parameters such as frequency and level The program also parses information sent from the 4071 to the host computer and displays that information on the screen Hardware Setup You must connect a serial cable between your computer and the RS 232 port connector of the 4071 For more information on how to do this refer to chapter 6 0 The program assumes you are using serial port 1 COM1 If you are using another serial port change the OPEN COM1 statement in the beginning of this program It also assumes that the 4071 baud rate is set to 9600 To check the 4071 baud rate press the Mode then offset keys This example program switches the 4071 to DTMF Detection mode and displays the detected DTMF digits to the screen To detect DTMF digits the DTMF signal must be applied to the Ext Mod Input jack on the rear of the unit A schematic diagram which takes these tones from a telephone line is shown below 115K 1 001 200V Te 7 Telephone j Ext Mod In Line Dess oR Connector 001 200V Figure A 1 Telephone line amplifier ik Caution Do NOT connect the Ext Mod In input directly to
109. rs 27 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Several keys on the front panel are used to generate DTMF digits other than 0 to 9 They are listed here To generate the DTMF digit press the minus key To generate the DTMF digit press the period key To generate the A DTMF digit press the key To generate the B DTMF digit press the V key To generate the C DTMF digit press the gt key To generate the D DTMF digit press the key 2 DTMF Duration The DTMF tone will remain on for the time specified in this field You may enter a value from 1 mS to 10 000 mS 10 seconds in 1 mS steps 3 DTMF Delay The 4071 will delay generation of the DTMF tone by the time specified in this field This parameter is used primarily to add an inter digit delay between dialed digits so that the user can send a string of ASCII digits to the RS 232 port for speed dialing The 4071 will insert the specified delay between the dialed digits You may enter a value from 0 mS to 10 000 mS 10 seconds in 1 mS steps 4 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in 1 mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the o
110. rst move the cursor to the desired field using the Field Arrow keys Use the keyboard to type in new value If you make a mistake while typing in a value use the following three keys to correct mistakes Use as a backspace key to erase the last digit you typed Use clear to erase all characters from the field value and start over Use a Field Arrow keys to abandon the editing process restore the old value and move the cursor to the next field Once all numbers are entered select which units apply to the newly entered digits To enter a frequency use the MHz KHz or Hz keys To enter a peak to peak voltage use the Vp por mVp pkeys To enter a dBm value use the dBmkey To enter a value in Volts use the Vp por mVp pkeys Ignore the p p designation To enter a time value use the Sec or mS keys Some units have dimensions not listed on these three keys AM mode has a value in percentage for example In this case any of the three units keys will work To type in a new percentage value for example type the percentage digits and then press the MHz dBm key or the KHz Vp p Sec key or the Hz mVp p mS key all are equivalent The 4071 will confirm that a new value has been successfully entered by double beep If a value is entered that is outside the allowable range the 4071 will beep and set the parameter to its maximum or minimum permissible value An easy way to determine a maximum allowed value is to enter a very large value i e
111. s within a numeric field the Clear key erases all digits within the field allowing the user to start over when entering a value This key is also used to select the Other mode after the Mode key is pressed once By selecting Other Mode a menu of extended modes for the 4071 is presented See the chapter on Changing Modes 3 9 MHz dBm KHz Vp p Sec Hz mVp p mS keys These keys are used to select the units for a numeric value once it has been typed into a parameter field After entering all digits for a value you must press one of these keys to complete the entry of the value In other words these keys serve as an enter key since a value being edited in a cursor field is not accepted and processed until one of these keys is pressed After pressing one of these keys the 4071 will make a double clicking noise to indicate that the value has been accepted If the entered value is outside the allowable range for the field the 4071 will give an error beep and set the value to its upper or lower limit To enter a value in Volts or milli volts use the Vp p and mVp p keys respectively When entering a value that has units not listed on the key i e percentage ohms etc any one of these three keys will work as an enter key 3 10 One Touch Mode Keys These keys immediately switch the function generator to the operating mode indicated on the key These keys make it more convenient to switch to frequently used operating modes 10 BK Precisi
112. signal level on the Ext Mod In connector and displays the power and voltage level on the LCD display The Power Measurement mode applies to frequencies in the DC to 50KHz range An internal lowpass filter attenuates all signals outside this frequency range The internal Digital Signal Processor DSP calculates a point by point true RMS power For the voltage measurement an averaging low pass filter algorithm is used To calculate power system impedance must be specified If the input signal were to be applied across a load resistor then that resistor would dissipate power The power dissipated in the resistor is a function of the resistor s value The value of this load resistor is referred to here as the system impedance which must be specified by the user As opposed to instruments which use a fixed value for this impedance i e 50 or 600 O the 4071 allows any value from 1 to 999 ohms to be used for power calculations The Ext Mod In jack is high impedance about 30KO If your system expects this signal to be terminated place a resistor of the appropriate terminating resistance across this input Power amp Voltage Measurement Mode Parameters Measured Level on mod input dBm i 2 Volts 003 mV Pwr res 600 ohm 3 Figure 5 18 1 Power amp Voltage Measurement mode display 1 Power Level In this field the true RMS power level is displayed with 0 1 dBm resolution The calculated power level is calculated using the RMS i
113. state e If the 4071 is reporting data to the control program it will place a colon character before the data This makes it easy for the control program to parse a returned string and extract the character s needed Some examples of returned values are Example 1 DTMF Detection Mode detected digits DTMF Example 2 Hardware Software version serial number the V command BK Precision model 4071 Software Version c 2 Hardware Version 1 0 S N F45E3412AC56 PM Checksum 0017829BB903 When the operating mode of the 4071 is changed all parameter values for the previous mode are retained in memory as long as power is applied to the unit For example if Sinewave mode with an output frequency of 5 MHz is changed to sweep mode the Sinewave mode 5 MHz value will be saved before the mode is changed Switching back to Sinewave mode will restore the 5 MHz value in the frequency field If power is turned off however all parameters are reset to default values To save all parameters for a mode use the Store Recall command 41 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 6 6 Remote Control Commands The diagram below gives the front panel keys and their associated ASCII codes Sending these characters to the 4071 has the same effect as pressing the associated button on the front panel NOTE To familiarize yourself with the remote operation of the 4071 it is helpful to run a terminal program on your PC and manually type the commands and
114. t This format sends the same two s complement data that Binary format uses except that each nibble 4 bits of the hex value is represented by an ASCII character Each data point is a 16 bit value which is sent to the 4071 as 4 ASCII characters Each ASCII character represents 4 bits as follows 0000 to 1001 Represented by an ASCII 0 to 9 1010 Represented by an ASCII a or A 1011 Represented by an ASCII b or B 1100 Represented by an ASCII c or C 1101 Represented by an ASCII d or D 1110 Represented by an ASCII e or E 1111 Represented by an ASCII f or F For example the 16 bit value 1101 0011 0101 1111 issentas d35 The 16 bit value is in two s complement format which represents a number from 1 0 to 1 0 as follows 8000 E000 FFFF 0 4000 7FFF Or 5 0 0 5 10 Although a 16 bit value is sent to the 4071 the Arbitrary Waveform system uses a 12 bit D A converter so not all 16 bits are used Only the uppermost 12 bits are used to form the arbitrary waveform point The fourth lowest bit bit 3 is sent directly to the SYNC Out connector on the front of the 4071 Example The data value E468 is handled as follows E 4 6 8 Hoe Moo Bao Soe Beet These 12 bits are sent to the DAC This bit is sent to the SYNC Out Connector Rules for Hexadecimal format 1 Each Hexadecimal value may have 1 to 4 characters Negative values require 4 characters since the
115. t SYNC Out high during a data point puta p or P BEFORE that data point The P character may have whitespace around it if desired SYNC Out is set low for all data points that do not a have a p or P before them Examples of integer numbers SYNC Out is set high on point 3 0 123 p 411 320 12 2017 2047 SendInteger IF PointNumber 1 THEN PRINT 1 WI Put header before 1st data point IF PointNumber 2 THEN PRINT 1 p Set SYNC Out for second point Convert the value in PointVal to an integer that ranges from 32767 to 32767 a INT PointVal 2047 Convert 1 0 1 0 val to a 2047 2047 val 65 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 PRINT 1 a Send integer value to 4071 RETURN d Send ASCII Hex data to 4071 This format sends the same two s complement data that Binary format uses except that each nibble 4 bits of the hex value is represented by an ASCII character Each point is a 16 bit word which is sent to the 4071 with 4 characters Each character represents 4 bits of the 16 bit value 0000 to 1001 Represented by an ASCII 0 to 9 1010 Represented by an ASCII a or A 1011 Represented by an ASCII b or B 1100 Represented by an ASCII c or C x 1101 Represented by an ASCII d or D A 1110 Represented by an ASCII e or E 3 1111 Represented by an ASCII f or F For example the 16 bit value 1101 00
116. t signed for conversion to int bs a IT Convert to a 16 bit variable type PUT 1 b Write low byte then hi byte to file RETURN 68 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 8 0 DC Operation Option Description The DC Operation Option allows the user to power the 4071 from a DC voltage source in the 9 36 VDC range The user may easily switch between the AC Line supply and a DC source This option is most useful for service and remote applications where AC power is not available A 20 72V input voltage range is also available Please contact BK Precision for availability Specifications e Input Voltage Range 9 36 VDC e Max Power Consumption 15 W e Switching Frequency 200 KHz e Isolation Voltage 500 VDC Wiring Diagram 9 36 VDC A tkk Caution Be certain to observe proper polarity of the input voltage connection Permanent damage may result from reversal 69 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 9 0 4071 Specifications Main Output Frequency DC to 31 5 MHz 01 Hz steps Level 4mVp p to 10 0 Vp p 1 mV steps into 50 Q or 44 0 dBm to 24 0 dBm 1 dBm steps into 50 Q in Function Arbitrary and Pulse modes Level 4 mVp p to 5 0 Vp p 1 mV steps into 50 Q or 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm 1 dBm steps into 50 Q in Sinewave AM FM PM SSB Sweep VCO Burst DTMF Dualtone BPSK and FSK modes Level Accuracy 1 Flatness 2 dB DC 10 MHz 0 4dB 10OMHz 31 5MHz S5vpp into 50 Q DC offs
117. t to aim the LED towards the device you wish to control To 390 Infrared SYNC Out Connector Y LED a Aim toward television Figure B 1 Infrared LED hookup This program does the following 1 Clear the screen 2 Open the serial communications port for communicating with the 4071 3 Make sure there is a 4071 connected to the serial port If we can t find one wait until it is connected up 4 Command the 4071 to enter Burst mode 5 Set up the burst frequency on time and off time On time is the burst duration off time is the burst delay 6 Present a menu to the user asking which remote control command to issue i e power on off change channel etc 7 When a command is selected command the 4071 to generate the same number of pulses associated with the selected command NOTE This program uses the same subroutines as those listed in Appendix A TI BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 DECLARE SUB Delay X Declare functions used below The Delay function waits x mS then returns DECLARE SUB Pause The Pause fctn waits for a keypress then returns DIM Array 5 General purpose array By observing the signal from a remote control with an oscilloscope the following parameters were recorded To adapt this program to another remote control model change the values below CarrierFreq 32768 Type in the infrared carrier freq here this value is in Hz OnTime 30 Type in the burst on tim
118. terminal to the RS 232 connector on the rear of the 4071 On PC serial port is a male 9 pin or 25 pin connector The wiring is different for each type of connector For the 9 pin type serial port cable is wired 1 1 straight through Although all pins can be wired only pins 2 3 and 5 need be connected See the figure below To PC wj wino On CO co Figure 6 2 1 RS 232 hookup to a PC s 9 pin connector The easiest way to cable to a 25 pin type connector is to install a 25 pin to 9 pin adapter and use a 1 1 wired cable These adapters are available at most computer supply stores To test the connection run a terminal program and set the serial port parameters to 9600 baud 1 start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity When the 4071 is powered up a text message is printed to the terminal If you don t see it check your cabling See the following section for instructions on checking your connection on a PC using Hyper Terminal Also press Mode then Offset and verify that the 4071 baud rate is set to 9600 6 3 Checking your connection with Hyper Terminal A terminal program supplied with every Windows NT4 0 W2k XP 95 98 Me operating system called Hyper Terminal can be used to test the serial port connection between your computer and the 4071 This will verify that your cabling is good After installing the cable run Hyper Terminal from the Windows 95 start menu as follows e Launch the program by clicking on
119. the Trigger key 2 Applying a low to high transition on the Ext Trig In connector 3 Sending an ASCII T to the RS 232 port To set Continuous mode press 1 To set Triggered mode press 0 Pressing arrow keys or rotating the wheel will toggle the mode 4 Repetition Frequency In this field enter the frequency at which the function will be repeated You may enter from 0 Hz DC to 2 0 MHz in 1 Hz steps Ifa value of 0 Hz is entered the function waveform clock is halted A high going synchronization pulse is given on the SYNC Out connector front panel at the start of the waveform In Triggered mode the waveform is generated once per trigger event The duration of each waveform will be 1 Repetition Freq NOTE Very low rep rate frequencies lt 1 Hz can be generated by setting the Repetition Frequency to 1 Hz This fills the waveform memory with 16 000 points of the desired function Then go to Arbitrary Waveform Mode and enter the Clock Frequency to obtain the desired function rep rate Repetition Rate Clock Frequency 16 000 5 Level In this field enter the loaded output level from 4 mVp p to 10 Vp p in 1 mV steps Into an open circuit the voltage swing will be twice the specified peak to peak value Waveforms with very narrow pulses may have signal energy above the cutoff of the output filter 10 MHz The resultant signal may have a distorted shape and reduced peak to peak output swing If the Pos Only field is set to Y and
120. ther this way Master Slave Slave Arb Arb Arb Generator Generator Generator SIG SYNC ARB SIG Ext Arb ARB SIG Ext Arb ARB Out Out Sync I O Out Clk In Sync I O Out Clk In Sync UO front panel front panel rear panel front panel rear panel rear panel front panel rear panel rear panel to more units 0 Waveform Waveform Waveform 1 2 3 60 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 More on Phase Offsets Phase Offsets are accomplished with a reset signal shared by all units This signal tells all units to jump to a particular waveform point at the same time By changing which point in the waveform is jumped to the starting phase of the waveform may be adjusted The 4071 has a phase offset field which allows the user to specify a starting phase from 0 degrees to 359 99 degrees This phase is relative to the Master Unit s waveform phase which is always 0 degrees The 4071 translate the phase value entered on the LCD from 0 to 359 99 to a starting address as follows Starting Address Number of waveform points Phase Offset 360 Slave Unit Master Unit waveform waveform The reset pulse always forces the Master Unit to the first point This gives 0 deg of phase shift The reset pulse can force the Slave Unit to any point A 90 deg phase shift is shown here Phase Resolution Because the phase offset is done by advancing by whole samples the phase resolution depends on the number of wav
121. this point by pressing any key When power is applied to the 4071 it prints a menu to the serial port We wish to disregard these characters so flush them GOSUB FlushBuff1 Flush all received chars from buffer Tell the user to connect up a 4071 PRINT Connect the 4071 to the serial port and power the 4071 ConnectLoop PRINT 1 CHR 5 Print a control E to 4071 ASCII char 5 Wait for the 4071 to give us some characters When they arrive put them into the string a GOSUB GetResponse1 Wait for and get response from 4071 to a Allow the user to exit the program by pressing a key IF INKEY lt gt THEN SYSTEM Exit on first terminal keypress Did we get a control C ASCII char 3 from the 4071 IF INSTR a CHR 3 THEN GOTO GotSg100 GOTO ConnectLoop GotSg100 Leen Switch the 4071 to Burst mode Send the following command string to the 4071 A M6 F2 xxX FI xxX F3 xxX FO These characters have the following meaning A Reset the 4071 to Sinewave mode ensures the state of 4071 M6 Go to Burst Mode F3 Move cursor to field 3 the burst frequency field xxX Enter a frequency of xx Hz infrared carrier freq F2 Move cursor to field 2 the burst duration field xxX Enter a duration of xx mS burst on time F4 Move cursor to field 4 the burst delay field xxX Enter a duration of xx mS burst off time FO Move cursor to field 0 turns cursor off
122. tile memory By using the Store Recall function you can save all operating parameters so they can be quickly recalled even though the unit had been turned off The offset voltage and currently selected RS 232 baud rate are also saved If the instrument setup is saved while the unit is in Arbitrary Waveform mode the currently loaded arbitrary waveform is stored to nonvolatile memory Although mode parameters such as Clock Frequency Level etc can be saved to 10 locations the arbitrary waveform is always saved to recalled from a single location The entire waveform array of up to 32 768 points is saved To recall an instrument setup press the Store Recall key once The LCD display will be cleared and the question Recall 0 9 Will appear asking you to press a numeric key 0 to 9 to select one of ten available locations to use You can abort this question without saving a configuration by pressing any key other than 0 to 9 If you then press the 5 keys for example the display will show Configuration recalled from location 5 to confirm the recall operation To save an instrument setup press the Store Recall button twice The LCD display will be cleared and the line Store 0 9 will appear asking you to select one of ten available locations to store the configuration You can abort the question without recalling a configuration by pressing any key other than 0 to 9 NOTE Location 0 is special The instrument state stored to location 0 will be r
123. to 3 0 MHz 1 Hz steps Ext modulation freq DC to 8 5 MHz Upper or Lower Sideband selectable Frequency Shift Keying FSK Mode Int modulation freq 0 Hz to 130 KHz 1 Hz steps Ext modulation freq 0 Hz to 3 MHz Mark Space freq 0 Hz to 31 5 MHz 01 Hz steps Data Modulation Mode Baud Rate 0 Hz to 130 KHz 1 Hz steps Message Length 1 to 960 bits Mark Space freq 0 Hz to 31 5 MHz 01 Hz steps Message nonvolatile storage 10 locations Power and Voltage Measurement Mode Input signal level 5V max 10V p p Input signal bandwidth DC to 50 KHz Power calc impedance Variable from 1 to 999 ohms Dual Tone Multi Frequency DTMF Detect Mode DTMF digits detected 0 to 9 A B C D Detection range 10 Vp p max 20 mVp p min Detection time 100 mS Arbitrary Waveform Generation Mode Vertical resolution 12 bits Sample update rate DC 40 MHz in 01 Hz steps Sample buffer depth 32 768 points Run mode Continuous or Triggered Waveform nonvolatile storage 32 768 points 1 location Operating Mode Int Ext clock Multi Unit Lock mode Unit Lock Phase Adjustment 0 359 99 deg 01 deg steps Pulse Generator Mode Frequency 0 Hz to 2 MHz in 1 Hz steps Duty cycle 0 to 100 in 1 steps Tr Tf lt 40 nS 10 to 90 1Vp p Variable in amplitude amp offset TTL CMOS output also BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 10 0 Software CD Description The compact disk which accompanies this manual contains a number of useful
124. to that of the desired DTMF digit The ON and OFF times can then be set to repetitively generate the digit for the desired duration and repetition rate Refer to the chapter on Dualtone Generation mode for more information Background A DTMF dialing tone consists of two sinusoids of different frequencies which are added together to form the output waveform These frequencies were chosen so that they are not harmonically related The table below lists each dialing digit and its associated Dualtone frequencies DTMF0 941 Hz and 1336 Hz DTMF 1 697 Hz and 1209 Hz DTMF 2 697 Hz and 1336 Hz DTMF 3 697 Hz and 1477 Hz DTMF 4 770 Hz and 1209 Hz DTMF 5 770 Hz and 1336 Hz DTMF 6 770 Hz and 1477 Hz DTMF7 852 Hz and 1209 Hz DTMF 8 852 Hz and 1336 Hz DTMF9 852 Hz and 1477 Hz DTMF 941 Hz and 1209 Hz DTMF 941 Hzand 1477 Hz DTMF A 697 Hz and 1633 Hz DTMF B 770 Hz and 1633 Hz DTMFC 852 Hz and 1633 Hz DTMFD 941 Hz and 1633 Hz DTMF Generation Mode Parameters The DTMF Generation mode has the following front panel display i DTMF generation Duration 200 mS 3 Delay 0 mS Level 10 0 dBm 4 Figure 5 16 1 DTMF Generation mode display 1 Generated DTMF Digit The last DTMF digit that was generated is displayed in this field To generate a DTMF digit the cursor must be either in this field or the OFF position If the cursor is in any other field i e Delay or Duration fields then the keypad functions to enter those paramete
125. ts 1 max phase 360 Example Suppose you need phase offsets only up to 95 degrees Then your waveforms may be up to 25 926 points in length At 25 926 points the phase resolution will be 014 degrees To obtain the best phase resolution it is desirable to use as many points as possible ol BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 7 10 Example Arb Program ARB BAS ARB BAS is a program written in Microsoft Quick Basic which calculates the points of a sinewave and downloads them to the 4071 as an arbitrary waveform The program can generate the waveform in all of the supported formats Floating Point Integer Hexadecimal and Binary and shows how SYNC Out can be asserted during waveform points This program can serve as a good starting point for writing you own waveform generation programs You can replace the sin x function with your own mathematical function and pick which data format you wish to use by calling the appropriate subroutine Binary format is the most efficient since it requires the least amount of bytes per data point and can therefore be downloaded faster A complete listing of ARB BAS begins on the following page The source file for this program can also be found on the accompanying compact disk ee Program Listing ARB BAS VKKK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KK TK BK Precision Model 4071 s Fa ES Arbitrary Waveform Data Generator Example ef
126. uit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset You can enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 External Modulation In Apply the control voltage to this connector For this mode the input signal may be in the 5 0V to 5 0V range Levels outside this range will be clipped by limiting circuitry it Caution Levels outside 25V may damage the 4071 39 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 6 0 Remote Operation 6 1 Introduction The Remote Operation feature allows the user to control all operations of the 4071 with a terminal or computer Commands and responses use ASCII characters permitting a dumb terminal to be used to control the 4071 Each key on the front panel keypad has an ASCII letter associated with it Sending this letter to the 4071 through the serial port has the same effect as pressing that key on the keypad In addition there are extra commands that are only available from the terminal port These commands let you perform such tasks as disabling the keypad printing a help screen resetting the 4071 etc Section 6 5 describes each command When a key is pressed on the front panel of the 4071 its associated ASCII character is echoed out to the serial port This enables a control program to monitor and act upon front panel key press 6 2 Connecting To use the remote control feature you must attach the serial port on your computer or
127. unction Burst Triggered Sweep etc this input serves as an external trigger which triggers a sweep or burst on the rising edge of the input The unit also features an RS 232 connector on the back panel of the unit This permits the user to remotely control the 4071 using ASCII characters No special hardware or protocols are needed any dumb terminal or computer serial port can be used On line help menu that lists all remote control commands to the terminal is available The baud rate is adjustable up to 115 2 Kbps Software upgrades are also downloaded to internal Flash memory using this port An Arbitrary Waveform Generator lets the user design custom waveforms on a PC and downloads them to the 4071 for generation Up to 32 768 unique points may be specified and generated by a 12 bit DAC with a sampling adjustable from 0 Hz to 40 MHz in 01 Hz steps A logic waveform may also be generated simultaneously with the analog waveform The unit will accept many popular data formats for maximum flexibility Arbitrary Waveforms may be conveniently saved to nonvolatile memory 2 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Included with the Arbitrary Waveform Generator are a full featured Function Generator and Pulse Generator The function generator offers a set of pre stored waveforms which are generated using the Arbitrary Waveform system The Pulse Generator allows the user to generate pulse waveforms with varying amplitude offset frequency and duty cycle
128. us or Int Ext trig e Internal External SSB e Sweep e Internal External BPSK Linear Log Continuous Triggered Up Down e Internal External FSK e Dualtone Generation e Data Modulation e Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCO Options contact factory for availability e High stability time base e DC Operation 3 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 2 0 Installation and setup This section discusses how to properly connect the 4071 to your equipment The following diagrams identify the connectors and show typical hookups ssa OTMF Gen OTMF De FELO ena of BS 9 Sweep FSK Burst 2 E ema Eo eee ee Other Figure 2 0 1 Front Panel Connectors 1 SYNC out connector This connector provides a TTL CMOS signal 5V logic level useful for driving digital circuitry This output is capable of driving TTL or CMOS loads with current capability 24 mA In all sinewave and modulation modes except sweep this connector supplies squarewave version of the signal on the SIG Out connector It has a fixed 50 duty cycle In the Sweep mode this connector provides a high going pulse at the beginning of each sweep In the Arbitrary Waveform Generator mode the user may set this output high or low on any data point s in the Arbitrary Waveform This feature could be used to create a pattern of logic pulses or a triggering or synchronizing signal which accompanies an analog waveform In the Function Generator mode a high goi
129. utilities and example programs which are in directory disc 4071 Due to similarity in firmware structure BK models 4070A and 4071 both are compatible with this software except frequency range Below is a list of the directories on this disk and a description of the files within each Within each directory is a file called README which explains the purpose of the files in that directory The files and their purpose are listed here as a convenient reference CALIBRATE SGI100CAL EXE A utility to calibrate SGLOOCAL TXT Documentation file REMOTE APP1 BAS Source code for program in Appendix A APP2 BAS Source code for program in Appendix B UPDATE NOTE This directory contains a utility to update the operating software firmware SGLOAD EXE Utility which sends the update file to the unit SGLOAD TXT Documentation file TLX Operating software data file 16 means software version 1 6 The name of this file changes with each new software release ARB WAVELOAD EXE Utility to download arbitrary waveform files to the Arb generator over the serial port WAVELOAD DOC Documentation file ARB BAS Example program to generate waveforms in all supported data formats EXAMPLES Directory containing arbitrary waveform files in all supported formats 71 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 Appendix A Example remote control host program This chapter contains an example program written in Microsoft QuickBasic for remotely cont
130. utput signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext Gating Input This TTL compatible input can be used to gate the output signal on or off A logic high voltage turns off the output For further information on the Ext Gating Input refer to section 2 0 28 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 5 17 DTMF Detection Mode Introduction Dual Tone Multi Frequency detection mode decodes and displays the Touch tone dialing tones according to ANSI T1 401 1988 Section 7 2 standard Input test signal could be applied to the External Mod Input for DTMF decoding Once a DTMF digit has been detected it will appear on the LCD display and will also be sent to the RS 232 terminal port The input signal must be 10 Vp p or less If the input signal exceeds 10 Vp p the waveform will distort and adversely affect the DTMF detector The DTMF detector in the 4071 features an AGC algorithm which boosts low level signals 20 mVp p or greater to detect low level DTMF tones For reliable detection each DTMF digit must be present for a minimum of 100 mS There must also be a minimum silent period of 100 mS between each DTMF digit The Ext Mod In input is high impedance about 30KO If your system expects this signal to be terminated place a resistor of the appropriate terminating resistance across this input rr Caution Do NOT connect the Ext Mod In input directly to a telephone line High voltages exist on a telephone line whi
131. while entering the value Finally press the dBmkey to enter the value as dBm or the Vp p or mVp p keys to enter the new value as a peak to peak voltage NOTE The level you re entering here is considered a loaded level i e the level that will appear across a 500 load connected to the output To modify an existing level value use the gt and keys to position the cursor within a field Place the cursor over the digit you wish to change and press the ah or W key to increment or decrement the digit Alternatively you can turn the rotary knob clockwise or counterclockwise to adjust the digit s value 4 3 Changing operating modes To select another operating mode press the red Mode key once When pressed the LCD display is cleared and the question Mode is displayed The Mode key acts as a shift type key in that the meaning of each button on the front panel changes to that described by the blue wording beneath it To enter the SWEEP mode for example first press the Mode key and then press the number 4 key You can then use the Field Arrow keys to move the cursor to the parameter you wish to change Each numeric value can be entered or modified in the same manner described above This manual contains a separate chapter for each mode which describes in detail all parameters on the LCD display User could switch to other generating modes by pressing One Touch Mode Selection key or Mode key for more options 4 4 Operating mode selection
132. y 1 Mark Frequency In this field enter the Mark frequency from 0 Hz DC to 21 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps When the voltage on the Ext FSK In connector is high 3V to 10V the output frequency will be set to this value 2 Space Frequency In this field enter the Space frequency from 0 Hz DC to 31 5 MHz in 0 01 Hz steps When the voltage on the Ext FSK In connector is low OV to 5V the output frequency will be set to this value 3 Level In this field enter the output level from 4 mVp p to 5 Vp p in mV steps or from 44 0 dBm to 18 0 dBm in 0 1 dBm steps NOTE For wideband FSK where the difference between Mark and Space frequencies is gt 1 0 MHz the output level may shift slightly between the mark and space frequencies The 4071 has internal leveling circuitry which is disabled in this mode in order to offer faster FSK switching rates NOTE The level specified is a 500 loaded level This is the level of the signal which will appear across a 500 load connected to the SIG Out connector Into an open circuit the output swing will be twice the value entered Offset By pressing this key you may enter an offset voltage for the output signal For more information on output offsets refer to section 4 4 Ext FSK Input Apply the digital data to be modulated to this connector When this input is high the output frequency is set to the Mark value When this input is low the output frequency is set to the Space value Fo
133. z that is used to modulate an output carrier microphone is shown here as an example It also serves as the input connector for DTMF signals in DTMF Detection mode and signals to be measured in the Power Level and Voltage Measurement mode This input is high impedance about 30KO It was made high impedance to avoid loading down the circuit supplying the signal This input is DC coupled within the 4071 The signal on this input is internally low pass filtered to a cutoff frequency of 50KHz The input level for this connector is 5V max For external modulation mo des a 1V p p signal will fully modulate the carrier If you apply a higher level signal than 1 Vp p the input signal will be distorted The distortion that will take place under these conditions is a hard limiting type i e the waveform will flat top at the positive and negative extremes Under these conditions the word Overld will be printed to the LCD for input levels that are too high it Caution External signals greater then 25Vp p range on external applied to modulation input may damage the 4071 5 BK Precision 4071 User Manual Rev 2 2 4 External Trigger Gating FSK BPSK input The External Trigger Gating FSK BPSK In connector accepts an external digital signal on the rear of the unit as illustrated here Rear Panel Ext Ext Ext ref Ext Ref Modulation Trigger Arb Arb Sync DR botz Gating Clock In Out S A meas Input FSK BPSK RS232 Int

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