Solar Power Systems for Schools
Contents
1. The size of the system will depend on e the physical un shaded space available to install the modules that will make up your school s solar power system e how much funding your school has to invest e what portion of your school s electrical demand you wish to generate 10 eco from the sun Solar power systems for schools Reducing demand While the solar power your school generates can help offset electricity charges it is important to consider other cost effective alternatives These alternatives include e using the most energy efficient appliances replacing incandescent light globes with compact fluorescent lamps avoiding quartz halogen downlights as most are very inefficient switching off stand by loads such as those consumed by DVDs and computers when e positioning summer shading on west facing windows reducing electricity demand for space heating and cooling eg by dressing for the climate judiciously setting thermostats incorporating energy efficiency features into school buildings such as energy efficient not in use lights insulation summer e installing a solar hot water shading that can retract in heater winter etc and e utilising motion sensors e ensuring there s adequate timers and solar access in winter to automation systems provide passive heating Your school s average daily use kWh The most common and accurate 20 method used to determine your 16 school s energy usage is2. and installation of the system In addition to the quotation a contract for the supply and installation of the power system should be included with each quotation There is a sample on the BCSE web site at http www bcse org au default asp id 96 The quotation should provide specifications quantity size capacity and output for the major components including e solar power modules e mounting frames or structure e battery inverter e design travel and transport costs e installation and other equipment costs e a battery enclosure e generator if required e any trench digging e battery charger e system user manual The quotation should also specify a total price together with proposed start and completion dates The quotation should form a basis for your contract with the designer installer Quotation aor Powe tton md Contract meca pianta Herein ca ed the company mL til D IIl Client Hara caled the customer o B Stendere soar poner systems for schools 25 Quote amp Date i X BOSE Accreditation 0 0 Start _ weeks from receipt of order Completion astimate daya from start Torma Sea Terme and Cendeneng ef Sale or reverse aide of untaticn Deposit required with onder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0j Final Payment iz due on comrsasaicnang of the power stern Sample of a typical quotation The contract should includ
3. This will usually include regular maintenance visits at agreed intervals to ensure that your solar power system is performing optimally 28 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools Alternative renewable energy resources zn a L i ij LL i ripi Ip Like solar modules that require full sun all renewable energy devices must have access to a reliable energy source There is no point in installing a small wind turbine in a low wind area or a small hydro system in an area prone to drought B Stand alone solar power systems for schools 29 Wind turbines and small hydro F TE 7 L Li x Labia ee LE m z AE et uA b m m Mic L a z UM I UNES ur r ol aS RT Y Y As with solar power wind and hydro can be used to charge your batteries For reliable power the resource should be located close to your solar power system Some schools have sufficient wind to propel a small wind turbine Other schools may have access to rivers and creeks to propel a small hydro generator SO Electricty from the sun Solar power systems for schools Further information Sections A and B were written to provide you Contents on web with an overview of solar power systems to enable your school to make an informed purchasing decision www bcse org au default asp id 310 e What is renewable energy For more detailed information on the RE resources following conten
4. including installer workmanship e the schedule of deposit and progress payments It is important to remember that a good relationship with a reputable experienced quality installer may be more valuable than a few dollars saved on a quote The system the decision you make is the best Eligible primary and secondary schools must select an accredited installer if they are applying for a grant from the will be a significant investment Australian Government SO you should ensure the A Grid connected solar power systems for schools 15 Australian Standards Documentation and industry guidelines D Ul HII TA r T WI M i i itt j Tii Nn i kI HRI i TIE S 1 Mag d j 1 J HOTH SR i I i npo MU I i La TELE F1 deat a j n 1 qi 721 1 M 1 if Pl iu j J 1 1 1 j mo i i Pul Pals i ji i Bei i I Lil IB ML S AE in wae d Ais E ih ulti li 5 oLAR SOURCE OF SUP STAWOR ROAD Solar Power System Manual Richard DiNatate Lucy Quarterman Mosiafisd bul Sm A system manual that provides operation maintenance and safety information should be provided by your installer This must also include a design of the system Also ensure your school obtains written confirmation of statements made by your installer performance claims guarantees and warranties Solar grid connected power systems must comply with
5. s energy solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy specification module and inverter models stand alone solar PV system power system independent of the mains grid stand by loads power to keep an appliance warmed up for a quick start surge additional power required to start motors system design number of modules size of inverter and cables system voltage voltage of battery and inverter usually 12V 24V or 48V termination costs costs incurred in severing the contract
6. system Location The system s location requires roofing tiles or windows e the inverter and battery consultation with your For best performance a charger should also be in a accredited installer Suitable north facing area free from secure weatherproof and areas are required for the shading is recommended well ventilated enclosure solar modules inverter e ideally the inverter should not the generator should be battery bank and genset be exposed to the elements situated out of earshot and though weatherproof models with adequate ventilation For example are available if system components are e the PV modules may be e the battery bank must be located a long way from the fixed onto the roof a in a separate lockable school the cost of ground mounted frame or l and well ventilated battery trenching needs to be integrated into the fabric of l enclosure considered the building using solar power B Stand alone solar power systems for schools 23 Orientation elevation and customisation Orientation Solar modules produce most power when they are pointed directly at the sun It is important to install them so that they receive maximum sunlight Ideally they should be in full sun from at least 9am to 3pm In Australia solar modules should face north for optimum electricity production Elevation For stand alone power systems where winter operation is crucial the angle should be the lati
7. Electricity from the sun POOL La TK j iat Clean Energy Council 1 Edition February 2009 Clean Energy Council Produced by Clean Energy Council 18 Kavanagh Street Southbank Victoria 3006 Australia Phone 03 9929 4100 www cleanenergycouncil org au Funded by Australian Government Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts www environment gov au Major contributors Brad Shone Alternative Technology Association ATA Geoff Stapleton Global Sustainable Energy Solutions Mike Russell Clean Energy Council Nigel Wilmot Research Institute for Sustainable Energy RISE ISBN 978 0 9805646 2 4 Awi NS eh imaa Australian Government Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts The information in this booklet has been provided as a guide to solar power systems While every effort has been made to ensure the content is useful and relevant no responsibility for any purchasing decision based on this information is accepted by the Clean Energy Council or other contributors The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Commonwealth and the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for any information or advice contained herein The Australian Government National Solar Schools Program supports the installation of solar and other renewable power systems and energy measures at schools Batty tom the su Solar power
8. a range of Australian Standards covering the grid connection of energy systems via inverters the installation of solar modules and The BCSE Design and Documentation will be essential when your Installation Guidelines school needs to make warranty or insurance claims 46 electri from the sun Solar power systems for schoos oo Electricity distributors All poles lines and meters are provided by an electricity distribution business You cannot choose your distributor as they are allocated geographically throughout Australia Feed in tariffs A mandatory feed in tariff is a rate in cents per kWh at which the electricity retailers are obliged to purchase electricity from your school s power system Electricity retailers Electricity itself is sold to or bought from your school by an electricity retailer In most states and territories your school can choose a retailer although not all will agree to sell or buy from a solar powered generator It is important to shop around for the best deal including buying rates and conditions Before signing with a retailer check all the following SA Cost of electricity your school purchases in cents per kWh S Price they will pay per kWh for electricity your school will feed into the grid A Whether your school s meter registers the total production from your school s solar power system or just the excess beyond what is consumed in your scho
9. cture inverter any additional metering or data logging travel and transport requirements e other equipment needed e any trench digging e a system user manual The quotation should also specify a total price together with proposed start and completion dates The quotation should form a basis for your contract with the designer installer In addition a contract for the supply and installation of the power system should be included with the quotation Whilst the initial cost is very important it is wise to consider all the costs and benefits over the life of the system together with the service your school expects from the system designer and installer Quotati 0 n fined alone Poewor System end Contract scocapisnes Berg cad the company Phe L1 0 Client Hmn taled oar customer Fen 03 2222 L Besse from the sun Solar power systems for schools l ti HHHH Sen Terms and Cendanene of Sale eri reverse side of Quotation Depot required with onder Faal Payment 1 due on commaioning of the power system Werkinanilip n warranted fora pancd of years Pricing is valid fer days from tha data of quotation ed Sample of a typical quotation pad The contract should include e an estimate of the average daily electricity output in kWh e the estimated production in the best and worst months e the responsibilities of each party e warranties and guarantees
10. d e store excess electricity in batteries for later use or e feed into the electricity grid to reduce your school s electricity bill A solar electric system is different to a solar water heater Solar water heaters use heat from the sun and or surrounding air to heat water they do not produce electricity This guide deals only with solar electricity How solar power systems benefit schools v Solar power systems generate v Solar modules can be integrated into electricity the building in the form of windows walls roof tiles or pergolas v Once the system has been purchased electricity is generated from a free Solar electricity can supplement or resource the sun provide a school s electrical consumption Solar electricity is generated without emitting greenhouse gases Solar electricity can be fed into the grid Solar panels or modules are silent Additional solar modules can be without any moving parts added later as demand or budget S rows Solar modules are generally mounted on an existing roof v Solar power systems should last for at least 20 30 years Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools 3 Solar modules Sol Direct oar current DC module electricity Solar modules are Solar modules convert energy from sunlight into direct generally flat panels current DC electricity mounted on roofs or o
11. e e an estimate of the average daily energy output in kWh e the estimated annual production e the estimated production in the best and worst months e the responsibilities of each party e warranties and guarantees including installer workmanship e a schedule of deposit and progress payments e expected operator run times in hours per month m M Schools should use accredited installers Whilst the initial cost is very important it is wise to consider all the costs and benefits over the life of the system including replacement maintenance and fuel costs It is important to remember that a good relationship with a reputable experienced accredited installer may be more valuable than a few dollars saved on a quote The system will be a significant investment so you should ensure the decision you make is the best 26 teeWyfomtesuvSorpowerstemsfrshons Australian Standards and Industry Guidelines Stand alone solar power systems must comply with a range of Australian Standards covering stand alone power systems batteries the installation of solar modules together with The BCSE Design and Installation Guidelines ELECTROLYTE BURNS Immediately wash affected area with plenty of water then spes ipii EYE BURNS 1 i possible re or 1 immediately wash eye with sine cond lange amounts of water using a BIG SMOKING 7 N TE SPAHKS FLAMES doctor fdviied of ype of tur 4 battery dilute E
12. ec Jan Feb Mar Jun 05 06 06 05 06 es This account 6 3 kWh Same time last year 10 1 kWh Average cost per day Incl GST 1 49 The above bill shows a peak daily consumption of 12 5kWh in January 2006 June 2006 was 6 3kWh per day A designer installer BCSE accreditation ensures that those holding accreditation JS have undergone the necessary A professional training Al follow industry best practice S must adhere to Australian Standards routinely update their skills and product knowledge It is also wise to e consider the recommendations of others who have purchased a similar system to the one your school requires engage someone who is BCSE accredited that your school is happy to work with and look for designing and installing experience in the industry not just a retail outlet Clear Energy Coun This is to certify that John Citizen has fulfilled all requirements of the Clean Energy Council and is hereby awarded Full BCSE Accreditation to Design amp Install stand alone and Design amp Install grid connected photovoltaic power systems Signed by Mike Russell Manager Training amd CSE Accreditation Clean Energy Council 31 February 2008 Accreditation Number FOOOO Date Full Accreditation Awarded 31 02 2007 Date Full Accreditation Expires 31 02 2009 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools 5 Stand alone or grid connect
13. ed NENNEN uj quA Is the mains electricity supply available at an affordable price 6 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools A Grid connected solar power systems for schools 4 If your school is interested in renewable energy would like to reduce its power bill wants to help the environment wishes to show its students what a solar power system is wants to export any excess solar power then a grid connected solar power system may be for your school 8 Eecrity rom the sun Solar power systems for schoo A grid connected solar power system A grid connected solar power system At night when the solar modules are not is an array of photovoltaic PV modules producing electricity the electricity comes connected via an inverter to provide YOU school from the grid If your school exports enough energy during the day it will power for your school with excess f f balance or exceed the amount you draw from production feeding into the grid the grid at night fo AAA Electricity to School AC 3 Grid electricity Im m d import O e FO Solar power Solar power ELECTRICITY electricity INVERTER METER electricity NETWORK output DC export GRID e Solar An inverter Your school A meter Any excess modules changing the uses measuring is exported supplying solar DC electricity your electricity tothe DC power p
14. ing this the designer can advise you on how much output you are sacrificing from the solar power system n Latitude adjustments for grid connected systems in most climates fit within an acceptable roof pitch range eg for Sydney s latitude this is 22 degrees a common roof pitch ae However if the electricity load is significantly higher in summer your installer may consider angling the modules that make u your solar power system to maximis electricity production to match this load Average daily production The following figures indicate the erry kWh average kilowatt hours kWh of Adelaide 4 03 energy your school can produce Alice Springs 4 56 in one day from a 1 kilowatt KW Brisbane 385 grid connected solar electric Cairns 3 70 power system in various locations Canberra 3 97 of Australia Darin iat Geraldton 4 62 Electricity is metered in kilowatt X Hobart 3 24 hours kWh where 1kWh Melbourne 3 38 1000Wh Hence if you use 1kW Oodnadatta 4 66 for 1 hour you have consumed DE SUE 1kWh of energy Some electricity CUN Suum Tennant Creek 4 33 retailers refer to 1kWh as 1 unit Wagga Wagga 4 06 Quotation Following the design and specification you may request a quotation for the supply and installation of the system The quotation should provide specifications quantity size capacity and output for the major components including e solar modules e mounting frames or stru
15. iti x a T adn i ballery pata PRECAUTION 1 Always wear protective clothing when dealing with electrolyte WARN ING SOLAR GENERATION PLANT CONNECTED ISOLATE SOLAR GENERATION PLANT AT SWITCH BOARD AND THIS EQUIPMENT SWITCH OFF DC ISOLATOR LOCATED BEHIND BOARD IN GARAGE STARTS PV Array Information Voc 190 Volts AUTOMATICALLY LL wow A range of safety signs required under Australian Standards Breakdowns emergency call out The system installer should be able to offer a quick response for any major system problems for instance equipment failure B Stand alone solar power systems for schools 21 Documentation Preventative aintenance A system manual that provides After installation the owner is operation maintenance and safety responsible for ensuring the information should be provided by equipment is maintained in good your installer working order Also ensure you obtain written confirmation This will include checking the water in the of statements made by your installer batteries cleaning the solar power modules performance claims guarantees and and visually checking the wiring manufacturers warranties Please note that appropriate instruction by the installer backed up by maintenance information in the system manual should be provided Safe work practices for any maintenance tasks must be followed Maintenance contracts The system installer can offer a maintenance contract
16. oad analysis on the use of your school s appliances and equipment v determine the configuration and number of solar power modules v select an appropriate inverter v select a suitable battery bank A select a suitable genset v advise on any other appropriate technologies eg solar water heater wind turbine etc What will need to 20 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools System size power my school There s no easy answer to this question Every school s electricity usage is different it depends on e patterns of energy use in your school e number of students and teachers e types of appliances eg fridge hot water system computers etc and whether they are gas or electric The size of the system will depend on e the quantity of electricity your school wishes to consume e how much funding your school has to invest 8 Stendere soar poner systems for schools 21 Load analysis The first step in the design process is to establish your school s electrical loads over an average day using a load analysis The system designer uses the load analysis to 4 L4 SS US ES ISN iN iQ LX calculate the daily energy demand recommend where energy savings can be made determine the peak power demand select the system voltage determine the configuration and number of solar power modules selec
17. ol SA Penalty clauses including termination costs SN Billing payment periods Some states and territories are in the process of introducing mandatory feed in tariffs Check with your installer on developments in your state or territory B Stand alone solar power systems for schools 17 If your school then e needs power for extended hours but you are a a stand alone long way from an electricity grid or SO ar power e is interested in fone wane encre or system may be orlPG generators A Suitable for your school 48 electricty from the sun Solar power systems for schools 0000 A stand alone solar power system A stand alone solar power system is not connected to the electricity grid Together the battery bank and the inverter supply electricity to your school s appliances Note If you try to use more electrical energy than the battery bank holds your school will run the batteries too low and reduce their life expectancy The number of solar modules and the size of the battery bank can be increased to generate and store more energy or your school may decide to include a diesel petrol or LPG generator In areas of high wind a small wind turbine could also be an option Such systems which use a variety of generating technologies are called hybrid systems Solar power electricity BATTERIES INVERTER output DC e o O Solar modules The battery The inverter con
18. ower into firstly from production electricity 240V the solar PV and grid alternating modules consumption current AC with suitable for additional your school s demand equipment and supplied appliances and fromthe grid feeding into the grid coe System size LU While the ideal outcome is to provide enough energy to run your school s electrical appliances year round the reality is that your school s electricity usage and budget may not always match Often the solar power system will supply only part of your school s total electricity demand however your school can always add to the system If your school can minimise electricity consumption and is able to purchase a large system your school may be able to meet all or most of your electricity demand Therefore your school s ongoing electricity bills could be close to zero If your school uses a lot of electricity and is only able to purchase a small system the saving on your school s electricity bill will be not as great For this reason your school may wish to consider some energy efficiency measures to reduce electricity consumption and replace a larger portion of your school s electricity bill with a solar power system There s no easy answer to this question Everyone s electricity usage is different it depends on e patterns of energy use in your school e number of students and teachers e types of appliances and equipment
19. r schools Design Location A BCSE accredited designer will The system s location provide your school with the system design and requires consultation with specification your accredited installer The system Suitable areas are required designer will for the solar modules and edetermine the the inverter For example configuration e he solar modules may be and number of fixed onto the roof or a solar modules ground mounted frame e select an For best performance a appropriate north facing area free inverter from shading is e determine recommended whether the solar The inverter should not be modules will fit exposed to the elements on the though weatherproof roof or structure models are available e determine constraints caused by shading k x Solar modules produce most electricity when they are pointed directly at the sun It is important to install them so that they receive maximum sunlight Ideally they should be in full sun at least from 9am to 3pm In Australia solar modules should face north for optimum electricity production A Grid connected solar power systems for schools 13 Elevation Customisation For grid connected systems the angle should tthe slope of your school s equal the latitude to maximise the amount of energy produced annually roof is not ideal your designer can create an appropriate mounting frame to correct the orientation and elevation of your array Fail
20. ry electrical safety requirements automation systems computerised system controlling windows etc battery bank group of battery cells compact fluoros electrically economical light globe configuration layout pattern data logging system generated data electricity retailer company selling and buying electricity elements weather such as rain and sun excess production power left over after your school s consumption feed in tariff price paid for excess power generator petrol diesel or LPG powered 240 V electrical source genset electrical generator powered by fossil fuels greenhouse gases gases emitted that contribute towards global warming grid the poles and wires forming a city s electrical network hybrid using more than one generating technology incandescent light element that is used in conventional light bulbs inverter device for converting from DC to AC kilowatt 1000 watts kilowatt hours power in kilowatts multiplied by time in hours load analysis analysis of power requirements load power requirements meter meter recording electricity movement off peak tariffs incentive to delay power use for quiet time peak power demand maximum electrical power required quartz halogen downlights an uneconomical low voltage light rebates financial incentives offered by governments runtimes length of generator running time solar access letting the sunshine in solar water heater hot water system heated by the sun
21. systems for schools Contents E Solar power systems Solar modules A Grid connected solar power systems 7 A grid connected B Stand alone solar power systems 17 A stand alone solar The right system solar power system 8 power system 18 A designer installer System size 9 System size 20 Stand alone Reducing demand 10 Design 20 or grid connected Meters 11 Load analysis 21 When the grid goes down 11 Reducing demand 22 Design 12 Location 22 Location 12 Orientation 29 Orientation 12 Elevation 23 Elevation 13 Customisation 23 Customisation 13 Average daily production 24 Average daily production 13 Quotation 25 Quotation 14 Australian Standards Australian Standards and industry guidelines 15 Documentation 15 Preventative maintenance 15 Electricity distributors 16 and industry guidelines 26 Breakdowns 26 Documentation 27 Preventative maintenance 27 Maintenance contracts 27 Electricity retailers 16 Feed in tariffs 16 Alternative renewable energy resources 28 Wind turbines and small hydro 29 Further information 30 Glossary 32 2 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools Solar power systems The aim of this booklet is to provide some background information to assist schools in making an informed choice about solar photovoltaic power systems Solar power systems e use sunlight to generate electricity for your school s use an
22. t an appropriate inverter power output and surge calculate the battery size determine size and type of genset estimate genset use maximum and minimum run times E Ve SENT CES s 5 TABLE B3 A C LOADS a E amp EI 75 a S M ES 3 sl E pf e hi d Q Us i IEEE eo An example of a load assessment form The system design may need to be repeated before an economic and satisfactory agreed load is established 22 Eleotricity fom the sun Solar power systems for schools o Reducing demand It is important that your school considers cost effective methods of reducing your school s electricity demand These methods include e positioning summer shading e using the most energy on west facing windows efficient appliances e reducing electricity especially for refrigeration demand for space heating e replacing incandescent and cooling eg by dressing light globes with compact for the climate judiciously fluorescent lamps setting thermostats e avoiding quartz halogen incorporating energy efficiency downlights most are very features into school buildings inefficient such as energy efficient e switching off stand by lights insulation etc and loads such as those consumed e ensuring there is adequate solar access in winter to provide passive heating by DVDs and computers e utilising sensors timers and an automation
23. ther structures More energy is generated Less energy is generated e in areas of strong solar e in cloudy or rainy weather radiation e when the panels are e on long sunny days shaded by trees or other obstructions e when the panels become hot A Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools The right system Factors to consider e school electricity demand how much your school uses The more electricity your school demands the larger the system and the greater the cost school budget how much is your school prepared to invest Your budget may create limits on the size of the system school location whether the mains electricity grid is available and if there are any costs that your school must meet in bringing power out to your school and maintaining of poles and cables on your school grounds aspect there needs to be sufficient Space on your school s roof to mount north facing modules grants and rebates Commonwealth state and territory grants and rebates provide an incentive for schools to invest in solar These are subject to change from time to time Please check with the Australian Government Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts or your local accredited designer installer Note To be eligible for existing rebates your system must be designed and installed by a BCSE accredited installer Your average daily use kWh 20 B Peak Ll Off peak 1 12 D
24. to review your electricity supply bills for the past 12 months and calculate average annual daily consumption Use the bar graph to calculate your school s annual average daily use Your school can then compare this with the production figures for your location on page 13 This account 6 3 kWh Same time last year 10 1 kWh Average cost per day Incl GST 1 49 Your school s greenhouse gas emissions A Grid connected solar power systems for schools 11 Meters Left Modern digital meter Right Old fashioned meter There is a range of meters available for For safety reasons when the different purposes including the meter on an grid goes down your school s inverter that measures the amount of energy produced by a solar power system and a billing solar power system must meter that measures the electricity consumed automatically and immediately from the grid turn off The educational benefits of electricity It is possible to have a system production and consumption data is maximised when they are linked to a prominent display that will provide emergency and an interactive web based tool electricity when the grid is interrupted This necessitates the additional installation of a suitable inverter a battery bank and possibly changes to your school wiring The benefit is it will provide the security of a continuous electricity supply in the event of blackouts 12 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems fo
25. ts please refer to the Clean e What is a stand alone power system Energy Council website at Genset only www cleanenergycouncil org au Genset battery charger battery inverter SPS configurations Solar modules Batteries Inverters Gensets Battery chargers Wind turbines Small hydro generators Input regulators and controllers Power and energy Energy services Extra Low Voltage ELV and Low Voltage LV Power system quotes Australian Standards System documentation Government Australian Government http www environment gov au nationalsolarschools State and Territory Agencies Queensland http education gld gov au facilities solar energy html Western Australia http www1 sedo energy wa gov au pages solar schools asp South Australia http www sustainable energy sa gov au rebates and grants Tasmania http www dier tas gov au energy rebates Victoria http resourcesmart vic gov au for educators 2425 html New South Wales http www deus nsw gov au Energy Renewable9620Energy Renewable962O0Energy asp Australian Capital Territory http www sustainableschools act gov au Northern Territory http www nt gov au 82 tese tom the sun Solar power systems for schools Glossary BCSE Accredited deemed qualified to design install by the Clean Energy Council agreed load production output that matches your budget array a collection of modules Australian Standards mandato
26. tude plus 15 degrees Customisation If the slope of your school s roof is not ideal your designer can create a suitable mounting frame to correct the orientation and elevation of your school s array of solar modules Failing this the designer can advise you on how much output you are sacrificing from the solar power system A d t i ire occum The following figures indicate the average kilowatt hours kWh of energy your school can produce in one day from a stand alone 1 kilowatt kW solar electric power system in various parts of Australia Electricity is metered in kilowatt hours kWh where 1kWh 1000Wh Hence if you use 1kW for 1 hour you have consumed 1kWh of energy Some electrical retailers refer to 1kWh as 1 unit s ee AE be a ee ee ee S Pu a ome rnc c9 24 Electricity from the sun Solar power systems for schools Average daily production hace a p ome mnc e e NEN kw mo UN e N bh ah m x a E ac t Pa Metu a M se E fears M r _ He ts rr AS Ey tir Le CITY kWh per day Adelaide 3 08 Alice Springs 3 62 Brisbane 3 00 Cairns 2 93 Canberra 3 00 Darwin 3 47 Geraldton 3 61 Hobart 2 42 Melbourne 2 57 Oodnadatta 3 70 Perth 3 27 Sydney 2 84 Tennant Creek 3 50 Wagga Wagga 3 12 Quotation Following the design and specification your school may request a quotation for the supply
27. verts the direct The power providing direct bank is the current DC power of the battery generated current DC heart of the to 240V alternating current AC and stored power to the system power for is used in battery it stores the use by your your school electrical school s energy appliances A generator and battery charger are normally part of a solar power system so that when extended bad weather occurs you have a back up supply which helps safeguard your batteries To reduce load requirements make sure that all your school s lights and appliances are the most energy efficient available A large diesel generator de dey tV to School AC Solar power electricity BATTERIES INVERTER GENERATOR BATTERY output DC CHARGER e o A petrol A battery diesel or charger to LPG charge the fuelled battery on generator demand genset Generators vf The advantages of a stand alone solar power system with a generator is that electricity is available during prolonged periods of overcast rainy weather or when big power loads are required It may also allow for a smaller battery bank and inverter to be used The main disadvantages are the higher capital cost for the genset and battery charger and the ongoing fuel and maintenance costs An accredited designer will provide you with the system design and specification The system designer will v perform a l
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