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3. Principal Components of the TRACER III-V

1. 3 1 PRINCIPAL TRACER COMPONENTS 23 3 2 PRINCIPAL PDA COMPONENTS ccccccccccccceccsssssscecccccccscceusususseseececcsessseuuuuusseececesesseseeuususssseseseccesssseueuuussseeseecesesseuuuussseeeeccsssssseuaususeesesseseeseas 24 3 3 PRINCIPAL VACUUM PUMP COMPONENTS eos Ep oy tests tt teses ax Vra 25 3 4 INCLUDED EM SIDON m 25 3 5 ADDITIONAL AVAILABLE ACCESSORIES NRRRRLE 28 3 6 OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE TRACER TII V cccccssssssssssssvccssccccessccceesusescvcscocsessaceeessssevcecssoccseeeaaeasuessscssccossecsaceeassesvsssscessasseassssevens 28 PREPARING THE TRACER III V FOR USKE 29 4 1 DETERMINE POWER CONFIGURATION EE RS tt ade Erb REX D 29 4 2 DETER MINE CONFIGURATION 35 4 3 STARTING THE INSTRUMENT 41 4 4 ADJUSTING THE PDA BACKLIGHT AND STARTING THE PMI PROGRAM een hr sse ie eek sess seis 42 5 1 SAMPLE PREPAR
2. Issued 7 08 90 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version X Ray tube settings with DPP PIC Version 4 09 High Voltage Active Anode Current kv setting uA Pulse Length Filter PR Ann Ba 15 100 gm e 2500 peo jio ho j f LONE UNO 359 p wo Voltage and current update Complete The current setting may vary slightly from instrument to instrument However the settings above are typical The factory calibrations use the following settings Calibration Group Voltage Current Range Filter Non Vacuum 40kV 1 4 1 Al 300um Ti 25um Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Bronzes Gold Vacuum Titanium 33 kV 2 2 Blank No filter Vacuum Aluminum 15kV 15pA 2 Blank No filter When the energy of elements of interest change significantly or the substrate density changes you may need to change the voltage and or current of the instrument For example if you would like to examine Cr and Ti only especially in low concentrations you may want to set the voltage to 9 95 These are considered low energy or low Z elements For low density substrates the current should be higher for high density substrates the current should be lower The total raw valid count ratio should ideally be less than 3 2 and definitely less than 2 1 Issued 7 08 31 Supersedes New
3. Just as all things are composed of atoms atoms are made up of three basic particles called protons neutrons and electrons Together these particles determine the properties electrical charge and stability of an atom Protons x gt f VA Figure A 2 A Proton e Are found in the nucleus of the atom e Have a positive electrical charge Determine the atomic number of the element therefore if the number of protons in the nucleus changes the element changes Issued 7 08 59 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Neutrons Are found in the nucleus of the atom e Have no electrical charge Help determine the stability of the nucleus Arein the nucleus of every atom except Hydrogen H 1 Figure A 3 A Neutron Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but can have a different number of neutrons Electrons e Are found orbiting around the nucleus at set energy levels or E shells K and L shells are important in X ray fluorescence Have a negative electrical charge I e Determine chemical properties of an atom Figure A 4 An Electron e Have very little mass A 2 2 Structure of the Atom The design or atomic structure of the atom has two main parts The nucleus and the electron shells that surround the nucleus Nucleus e sthe center of an atom 5 composed of pr
4. MODEL TRACER III V CE Device S N Mfr date This device contains a 40 KV 12 pamp X ray Tube In case of emergency service or repair contact BRUKER AXS 1 509 783 9850 NO 415 NORTH QUAY KENNEWICK WA 99336 THROW AWAY This label shall be maintained on the device in a legible condition Figure 2 7 Instrument base caution sigh 2 4 TRACER III V Analyzer Radiation Profile The radiation profile of the TRACER III V analyzer shown in Figures 2 8 2 9 are for normal operating conditions The readings in Figures 2 8 and 2 9 show the radiation background around the instrument in all directions These values were obtained using a Bicron Low Energy Micro Rem ion chamber These measurements indicate that the dose rate at 5 cm from any accessible surface was lower than 5 0 uSv hr less than 50 urem hr In Figure 2 8 measurements were made at 40kV and 1 the maximum current voltage permitted with the filter in place In Figure 2 9 measurements were made at 15 kV and 15p4A without the filter A dosimetry expert performed a dosimetric study of the open beam profile for the TRACER III V using thermoluminescent TLD dosimetric materials supplied by the Landauer Company The Issued 7 08 1 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version dosimetric materials were placed directly in the beam with no sample in place and all of the interlocks defeat
5. Nickel alloys e Cobalt alloys Copper alloys Figure 1 1 Portable configuration of the TRACER III V Issued 7 08 3 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The TRACER III V has a filter port where various filters may be inserted into the primary X ray beam Selection of a particular filter depends on the test Method chosen in the Bruker program as described in section 5 6 4 after the instrument power has been turned on In some cases it may be more convenient to use the TRACER III V in a stationary bench top configuration Figure 1 2 shows the TRACER III V in the stand provided There are grooves in the body and the handle which slide into the stand Figure 1 2 Bench top configuration Figure 1 3 Vacuum configuration When aluminum or titanium alloys are to be examined the TRACER III V should be used vacuum mode The vacuum pump attaches to the instrument with the provided tubing as shown in Figure 1 3 The clip on window protector must be removed when in vacuum mode to obtain accurate readings Note When the user selects an aluminum or titanium method in the BrukerS1 program the software prompts the user to connect the vacuum pump Additional information on selection of vacuum mode is contained in sections 4 2 and 5 6 The slide vent valve vents the system when vacuum is not in use to prevent damage to the highly delicate Si PIN detector The TRACER III V analyzer and t
6. precision accuracy testing v Autosave Fill in Test Time at least 60 seconds and Trigger to Save check the pdz and autosave Click OK o e the file to save the first sample assay e Give the sample a name with no more than 5 characters and no spaces e Click on the Start button e Place the sample on the instrument Pull the trigger the TRACER instrument to produce x rays and spectral data e Click on the Start button Besuretorelease the trigger between samples e Repeat for all the remaining samples tis recommended to keep a record of the order in which the samples were scanned The program will auto increment the file names 001 002 etc Eun Csv Reviewing Spectra It is recommended that a new data folder be created for each new sample matrix and or new instrument parameters e g new voltage or current new beam filter etc To view and compare a sample group select PDZ Preview from the PXRF File menu Then click on Path and browse to the desired data folder You can then index the files by name or date by clicking on the desired menu bar Issued 7 08 87 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual PDZ Preview Canadian Version Path OK B10 A16 03 12 2006 B10 AT 03 12 2006 B10 A18 03 12 2006 B10 A19 03 12 2006 B10 A2 03 12 2006 B10 A20 03 12 2006 B10
7. HATA Yellow LED indicates power on solid or error blinking Dual red LED indicates X rays on Figure 5 4 The control panel on the instrument The first result is displayed after few seconds The result is updated continuously as the trigger is pulled and the elapsed measurement time is shown in the upper left hand corner of the PDA screen To stop the measurement release the trigger Note Increasing measurement time will improve the precision of the measurement The increased precision means the deviation of the analytical results when repeat measurements are made on the same sample will decrease A simple rule of thumb is Increasing measurement time by four doubles the precision of the chemistry When the measurement is completed and results are shown a new measurement can be started simply by pressing the trigger 5 4 Saving Results There are two ways for saving the measurement results When using the autosave mode measured results are saved automatically The other way is to save results individually after each assay 5 4 1 Autosave Mode To turn the Autosave mode on e Tap the Setup button on the lower left of the screen e Select Autosave Mode Enter a File Save Prefix All files saved will be saved with this name prefix Files stored in the Autosave mode are automatically saved in two formats pxl Pocket Excel files which can be read by PDA and csv Comma Separated Values files which can be rea
8. providing a totally enclosed beam Note To prevent the operator from being directly exposed to the open X ray beam extensive safety circuit requirements including switches and failsafe lights have been incorporated The TRACER III V series portable XRF analyzers were tested by TUV Rheinland against safety requirements of IEC 61010 1 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory user Part General Requirements The TRACER III V portable XRF Issued 7 08 6 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version analyzer passed the ionizing radiation leakage requirements in IEC 61010 1 section 12 2 1 of 1 uSv hr 0 1 mrem hr at 100mm Since the instruments passed all of the safety requirements the device was afforded the cTUVys and GS Licenses CB Global Scheme and the general CE marks The two licenses require periodic production audits by TUV Rheinland See the TRACER III V Safety Logic Circuit section for discussion on the warning lights failsafe features and labeling that has been incorporated to provide a high level of protection to the operator The TRACER III V is a Hand Held 4 Ib X ray fluorescence XRF analyzer used as an analytical X ray system It employs a 4 watt miniature 15 mm diameter and 75 mm long X ray tube operated with an acceleration voltage range of 6 to 40 kV and a current range of 0 05 15 In some cases allowable rang
9. 03 12 2006 B10 A4 03 12 2006 B10 A5 d READS B10 A 03 1 2 2006 T B10 03 12 2006 B10 A3 03 12 2006 mnb1c2 1 03 11 2006 mnb1c2 10 03 11 2006 11 03 11 2006 mnh1c 12 1 on Spectra Overlays PXRF32 14 Jun 2006 15 18 30 Ele Setup ID EP DownLoad Tube Help PPE Info A INST PILE 40 00kV 1 00pA PDZ 40 00 1 80 Calibration Display amp Color Path OK ee 10KW 860 PDZ Spectrum Overlay Other Options Group Conversion al Select Chem Coef CFZ file Select Sort SRZ file Get ROI Data 4 Spectrum Overlay Vis Ayy CuWSB7 PDZ Clear B Ok Normalize NiKa Agra FeKal Sikat MnKal ILE a AlKal CrKal ZrKal ANES 1 3 20 6 40 9 60 12 80 16 00 19 20 22 40 25 60 28 80 35 20 38 40 Cnt5 LSec 180 18 Chan 950 947 Kev 37 9979 Det 45 0C Amb 104 4F 5 828 00 4 794 00 evch 40 0000 Shift0 00000 Issued 7 08 88 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version St 5 Open first spectra pdz file Go to the Setup menu Select Spectra Overlay Select Move A gt gt B This will put the first spectra in the background Spectrum B in blue Select amp open second spectra to overlay the first This becomes Spectrum in red If
10. 4 foot grey cable Insert the TRACER s battery or remove the battery and connect the A C power adaptor provided to the base of the instrument Place the TRACER in the instrument stand Turn the power key to the On position Place the sample on the instrument covering IR sensor Make sure that sample is flush on the face of the instrument with no gaps and that it is centered on the aperture Select the correct Com Port from the Download menu The baud rate for TRACER IlI V is 57600 for TRACER III Vs it is 115200 Select the Setup Menu and make sure the settings are as follows DPP setup information Number of Channels 2 Bytes per Channel 256 Bia tar at 512 21 ion E 2048 I Done 4096 v Accumulation Mode 8192 Z Advance Header 85 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version PXRF Canada 02 Feb 2008 1909 C Select the Green button to activate Communications with the TRACER 8 The yellow radiation warning window will open To close warning simply click anywhere in the yellow window e Select Start in the PXRF window Within 2 3 seconds you should see a spectra grow For optimum resolution take at least a 30 second assay e Pull the instrument trigger e Click on Stop e With the trigger pulled select Tube from the menu and Tube Read
11. 802 342 22 808 343 Mimonic 263 344 C11000 345 C17200 346 C31400 347 C36000 348 C46400 349 C48200 350 48500 351 C51000 352 C54400 353 C62300 354 C63000 355 C64200 356 85500 357 7500 358 C70600 359 C71500 360 83600 361 CB5700 362 86300 363 90300 364 C92200 365 C93200 366 93700 367 C95400 368 C95500 369 CDA 875 570 CDA 314 370 NARLOY Z 371 C89320 372 706 373 CK1 374 CK2 375 CK3 376 4 377 CK5 378 CK6 379 Gun metal 4 380 Gun metal 5 381 Gun metal 7 382 Gun metal 8 383 Gun metal 71 384 Gun metal 71 385 Gun metal 71 386 71 34 3 223 Hastelloy N 224 Hastelloy G 3 225 Hastelloy C 4 Table 5 1 Reference library continued 49 31 33 32 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Issued 7 08 Supersedes New 5 2 2 1 Using the Match User library From the File menu in the bottom left hand corner select User Library To exit Match User Library mode to return to Chemistry Grade mode tap Match on the File menu so that there is no A beside Match or User Library To view the list of references saved by user exit TRACER III V program and tap Start Next tap Programs and open File Explorer The references are on User Lib file My Device Storage Card My Documents To delete a reference from the list highlight the name of the alloy while holding the stylus on the word s A pop up m
12. Inc TRACER User Manual Canadian Version Figure 2 15 Safe use of the TRACER III V in the test stand Figure 2 16 Unsafe use of the TRACER III V in the test stand e Pregnant women who use the TRACER Analyzer should be aware that improper handling or improper use of the instrument could result in radiation exposure which may be harmful to a developing fetus e Wear an appropriate dosimeter if required by a regulatory agency when operating the TRACER III V e operator is responsible for the security of the analyzer When in use the device should be in the operator s possession at all times i e either in direct sight or a secure area The key should not be left in an unattended analyzer Always store the instrument in a secure location when not in use also store the key in a location separate from the analyzer to avoid unauthorized use e During transport to and from the field store the instrument in a cool dry location i e in the trunk of a car rather than in the back seat Figure 2 17 Safe use of the TRACER III V Figure 2 18 Unsafe use of the TRACER III V Issued 7 08 19 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 2 7 Correct TRACER III V Positioning Always place the analyzer on the sample or when testing small parts place the TRACER III V in the stand and place the sample onto the nose of the analyzer When testing very small samples use the clip on
13. JAs Se Peak 1 0 0 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru IRh Pd l g Sn Sb Te l 22KY 394 PDZ z m Cs La w Relos lir Au Ho TI Pb Bi At An 2 eak 2 Fr Ra ac Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Th Dy Ho Er Cu7133 PDZ _ Cu7134 PDZ CuB10 PDZ Start Kev amp Ch f CuWSB7 PDZ PD Ev Ch amp Res fao Fe 6 40384 Base Line Ag 22 16292 Reed Calibration Save CIE FO S aada du K CuKal iKal BiLb1 Kal SbKal AlKal ZnKal AsKal PbLbl ZrKal AgKal SnKal 3 20 5 40 9 60 12 80 15 00 19 20 22 40 25 60 28 80 32 00 35 20 38 40 Cnt12 LSec 46 05 2 275 0 0510 Det 45 0C Amb 93 1F Raw 2 704 35 Valid 2 398 91 evch 40 0000 Shift0 00000 1 Place the Duplex 2205 sample provided on the instrument 2 Click on Setup then PPD calib to bring up the PPD Calibration window shown above 3 Pull the trigger on the TRACER 4 Click on the Start button in the main PXRF window 5 Inthe Calibration window enter 0 in the Peak 1 KeV space and 0 in the Ch Loc 6 In the Calibration window enter 40 in the Peak 2 KeV space and 1000 in the Channel 7 Click on Calibration button then Save The PDZ Ev Ch should be 40 for the TRACER III V 8 On the File menu select Save CE and save the file as pmidefault
14. Make sure that the Tube voltage current and filter settings are appropriate for the sample of interest See Page 6 e Take spectra of first sample and label element peaks using the ID and Elem tools For first time users it may be easiest to use the Duplex 2205 alloy sample that comes with each instrument Your spectra should look like the one below The first peak is the Chromium Cr K shell the second is the Iron Fe K shell and the third small peak is the Molybdenum Mo K shell Note that the Element ID window allow you to select K L or M shell ID You will want your KeyMaster periodic chart handy to help identify the K and L shell energies For a correct peak ID the yellow lines should line up perfectly in the center of each peak There will be alpha and beta lines for each element If this is an alloy sample you might skip this step and assume homogeneity Take at least 3 assays from various locations on the sample to determine basic homogeneity of the sample Issued 7 08 86 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version PXRF Canada 02 Feb 2008 15 36 37 File Setup ID DownLoad Timed Tube Help Start Timed Assays INST FILE Auto Sequence Select Test Length 10 secs 2 Take Timed Assays for each sample e Goto the Download button on the PXRF Menu Bar e Click on Auto Sequence Back to Back is for Z
15. PDA Backlight and Starting the PMI Program 4 4 1 Adjusting the PDA Backlight Using the backlight on the PDA while on battery power can substantially reduce battery life To adjust the backlight on the PDA use the stylus to Tapon the Start icon in the upper left hand corner of the main menu of the PDA screen e Tap the Settings icon Tap the System tab near the bottom of the screen e Tap Backlight and set according to the need Issued 7 08 42 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version e The Battery Power tab will allow the user to set the amount of time to turn off the backlight if the device is running on battery power and is not used during that specified amount of time e The External Power tab will allow the user to set the amount of time to turn off the backlight if the device is running on an external power source and is not used during that specified amount of time e The Brightness tab will allow the user to adjust the brightness level on battery or external power e NOTE If the backlight has been turned off because it has not been used for the specified period of time simply press a button or tap the screen to turn the backlight on again 4 4 2 Starting the PMI Program To start the PMI Program use the stylus to Tapon the Start icon in the upper left hand corner of the main menu of the PDA screen Tap the PMI icon to start the a
16. Use dosimetry where required Report the local regulatory agency any damage to the shielding and any loss or theft of the analyzer e Only sell or transfer the analyzer to persons registered to receive it e Notify your regulatory agency upon the transfer or disposal of the X ray unit 2 10 Transportation Requirements Bruker TRACER III V X ray Tube XRF Analyzer An owner operator of a TRACER III V X ray tube XRF analyzer Canadian Version may only transfer custody of the analyzer to authorized licensed registered individuals However the user must notify the destination State s or Province s regulatory Agency usually at least one week in advance of intent to transport and use the instrument in that State When transferring control or ownership of the TRACER III V the owner must verify that the recipient is authorized to receive the analyzer No verification is required when returning it to Bruker AXS Handheld the original manufacturer Check with your local regulatory agency prior to transporting or shipping a TRACER III V XRF Analyzer For travel or shipment within the U S there are no special Department of Transportation DOT interstate travel and shipping regulations for the TRACER III V The analyzer may be shipped using any available means If the user is flying it is recommended that Issued 7 08 22 Supersedes New C BRUKER gt lt Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER User Manual Canadian Ver
17. and no results will be displayed DO NOT attempt to look into the nose of the instrument to see if X rays are being generated The IR sensor can not detect a black surface and the instrument will therefore not generate X rays Be sure that the IR sensor is fully covered and that it is focused on a colored surface 6 6 Thered light on the control panel looks uneven or dim If the red light on the control panel looks uneven or dim it means that one of the red LEDs is not functioning there are 2 red LEDs in this socket As a safety measure if one or both of the red LEDs is not functioning the X rays will not be generated when the trigger is pulled and no results will be displayed DO NOT attempt to look into the nose of the instrument to see if X rays are being generated Refer to the warranty information on how to return the instrument for evaluation Issued 7 08 57 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version APPENDIX A BASIC RADIATION SAFETY INFORMATION A 1 Whatis Radiation e The term radiation is used with all forms of energy light X rays E radar microwaves and more For the purpose of this manual IN however radiation refers to invisible waves or particles of energy from radioactive sources or X r ay tubes e High levels of radiation may pose a danger to living tissue because it has the potential to damage and or alter the chemical structure of cells This c
18. bracket using the thumb screws 6 Attach the bracket and instrument assembly to the lateral arm 2 using the wing nut 3 40 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version TEM Cese MANFROTTO 1 mara msnm Rmi 7 WSRUMENTTEACERW 1 TEM CEN y Figure 4 19 Installing the TRACER III V in the tripod 4 3 Starting the Instrument For typical operation these are the necessary steps to start the instrument e If using the instruments in the battery powered mode be sure to use fully charged batteries the TRACER III V PDA and vacuum pump for maximum battery run time Otherwise connect the A C power See section 4 1 for more information Remember that for vacuum operation examining light elements such as aluminum and titanium the filter and clip on window protector should be removed see sections 4 2 1and 4 2 3 If small samples are to be analyzed in bench top mode install the clip on sample holder e Ifthe unit is to be used in vacuum mode connect the vacuum pump to the TRACER III V see section 4 2 4 Important Never remove the vacuum line from the TRACER III V without first releasing the vacuum pressure slide the valve to the open position when sampling is complete Start the pump and wait for the readout to display 5 torr or less e If desired set up the instrument th
19. direct irradiation of the fetus Effects can be somatic cancer tumors etc and may be heritable passed on to offspring Somatic Effects Somatic effects apply directly to the person exposed where damage has occurred to the genetic material of a cell that could eventually change it to a cancer cell It should be noted that the chance of this occurring at occupational doses is very low Heritable Effects This effect applies to the offspring of the individual exposed where damage has occurred to genetic material that doesn t affect the person exposed but will be passed on to offspring To date only plants and animals have exhibited signs of heritable effects from radiation This data includes the 77 000 children born to the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The studies performed followed three generations which included these children their children and their grandchildren Issued 7 08 75 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version A 9 3 Biological Damage Factors Biological damage factors are those factors which directly determine how much damage living tissue receives from radiation exposure and include Total dose the larger the dose the greater the biological effects Dose rate the faster the dose is received the less time for the cell to repair Type of radiation the more energy deposited the greater the effect Area exposed the more body area exposed the greate
20. dose to the lung Is a gas which can travel through soil and collect in basements or other areas of the home Emits alpha radiation Because alpha radiation cannot penetrate the outer layer of skin on a human body it presents a hazard only if ingested into the body Is the largest contributor of natural occurring radiation A 8 2 Man made Sources In addition to natural background radiation some exposure comes from man made sources that are part of our everyday lives These sources account for the remaining approximately 65 mrem 650 uSv per year of the average annual radiation dose The four major sources of man made radiation exposures are Medical radiation approximately 53 mrem 530 uSv per year Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons less than 1 mrem or 10 uSv per year Consumer products approximately 10 mrem or 100 5 per year Industrial uses less than 3 mrem or 30 5 per year Medical Radiation Medical radiation involves exposure from medical procedures such as X rays chest dental etc CAT scans and radiotherapy The typical dose received from a single chest X ray is about 10 mrem 100 5 per exposure Issued 7 08 71 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Radioactive sources used in medicine for diagnosis and therapy result in an annual average dose to the general population of 14 mrem 140 uSv The average dose received
21. from the PDA section 4 2 5 e Press the reset button Reinsert the flashcard and remount the PDA onto the instrument e Make sure the instrument power is switched on before starting PMI program To prevent this error state it is important to remember to exit the PMI program before switching off the instrument power 6 2 Can t find the PMI program on the Start menu It may take a moment for the PDA to read the compact flashcard Tap somewhere else in the screen to get out of the Start menu and wait a few more seconds Tap Start again and see if the PMI program pops up on the menu If the PMI program still does not appear on the drop down menu turn off the PDA and ensure that the compact flashcard is inserted properly Do not force the card into the PDA See section 4 2 5 or the operations manual for the PDA for proper installation of the compact flashcard 6 3 The PMI program on the PDA locks up If other programs are running the PMI program may lock up and fail to respond to commands Closing other programs frees system memory for other tasks e Tap the Start menu and go to the Settings e Choose the System tab e Click on the Memory icon and select Running Programs and close all running programs except Menu Issued 7 08 56 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The vacuum pump will not reach 5 torr or less Ensure that the fit
22. hr All other locations on side top bottom and back of the analyzer are background bkgd Readings taken with a Bicron Model RSO 50 E low energy ion chamber survey instrument with the beta shield open Reference distances were measured from the effective center of the detector to the surface of the analyzer or sample The indicated readings were the maximum noted for the distances and locations Each reading was taken over a one minute period with the analyzer operating at approximately 15 WA and 15 kV without a filter Note dose rates will vary based on current energy sample target collimator and windows Issued 7 08 15 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Figure 2 10 The average skin dose rate in the open beam mrad min 100 mGy hr 40 2 10 fi 8 40010 fo 4001 6 fin mrad min 100 4001 6 fo 33 00 910 15 011 8 0 20 40 60 80 100 distance cm from emission surface 2 5 Using the TRACER III V Safely When the TRACER 111 is used properly X ray radiation from instrument poses no potential for harm to the user nearby persons or objects A properly trained user will use the TRACER III V in a manner that eliminates or minimizes the risk of unnecessary exposure to X ray radiation Issued 7 08 16 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Safe use of any XRF device is based
23. knob to remove the foot from the bar Feed the bar through the eyelet at the back of the instrument Push down on the knob all the way and turn the knob until the foot will lock into place when the knob is released Turn the knob clockwise until it is all the way back toward the bar again 4 2 6 2 Bench Top Configuration To set up the instrument stand lift the long side screw may need to be loosened to lift the side fully and tighten the screw to hold it in place Lift the shorter side such that the legs swing down and fit into the grooves in the base of the instrument stand Attach the PDA cradle with the velcro dots 39 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER User Manual Canadian Version R Figure 4 18 Setting up the instrument stand To use the TRACER III V the bench top configuration remove the PDA from the instrument s PDA cradle see Figure 4 5 Place the instrument into the stand by aligning the grooves in the body and handle and sliding it onto the stand see figure 1 2 Connect the PDA to the TRACER III V with the null modem cable and place the PDA snugly into the PDA cradle on the instrument stand 4 2 6 3 Tripod Configuration To assemble the tripod configuration see figure 3 19 Issued 7 08 Supersedes New Attach the lateral arm 2 to the tripod As necessary assemble the bracket by attaching the gussets 5 to the plate 4 Attach the instrument 8 with the bracket grips 7 to the
24. matrixes or assay time is different you can normalize on the Compton peak e g For Rhodium target systems place the black cursor at 19 28kV and click on Normalize PXRF32 14 Jun 2006 15 31 28 File Setup ID Download Tube Help Stert cies ef A 4Kv 270710kY 285 INST FILE 40 00kV 1 00JA PDZ 4 PeaklD E Click here to downsize normalized spectra Quantification Open PXRF Go to the Setup menu and Select Chem Coef Select appropriate calibration file cfz file for the sample Note Non vac vs Al vac denotes Non vacuum vs vacuum calibrations and are stored in separate folders Calibration files are named for their matrix Fe2 1 etc Now select a spectra file pdz or use live data spectra Select Conc Concentration This provides quantification of the elemental concentrations Issued 7 08 89 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Creating a PMIDefault pdz file Energy Calibration PXRF32 14 Jun 2006 15 45 10 le x Setup ID FP DownLoad Tube Help _A upexz205 INST FILE 40 00kV 1 00 PDZ 40 00 1 00 a 10KW_860 PDZ 10KW_900 PDZ P Z Calibration S 2222 M e 1 Li Be B C IN JO JF sugqest Kew Ch Loc mpm ceara Add z z e F Z Ca Sc Ti Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge
25. on the principles of e Time managing the amount of time during which X rays are being produced by the instrument e Distance keeping all parts of the user s body as far away from the X ray producing nosepiece as possible keeping the X ray producing nosepiece pointed in a direction away from nearby persons and keeping nearby persons away from the instrument during use Shielding ensuring that the TRACER III V analyzer is mechanically intact and sound and using the shielded sample cup accessory when measuring physically small or unknown samples which might permit unnecessary X ray radiation to escape Collectively these practices are known by the phrase As Low As Reasonably Achievable or the acronym ALARA User practice to implement ALARA will be further discussed in Appendix A Basic Radiation Safety Information and during TRACER III V user training 2 6 Radiation Safety Tips for Using the XRF Analyzer TRACER III V analyzer operators should follow the minimum safety requirements discussed below When handled properly the amount of radiation exposure received from the TRACER IIl V XRF analyzer will be negligible The following safety procedures are provided to help ensure safe and responsible use Do allow anyone other than trained and certified personnel to operate the TRACER XRF Analyzer e aware of the direction that the X rays travel when the red light is and do not place any part o
26. radiation System Barrier That portion of an area which clearly defines the transition from a controlled area to a radiation area and provides the necessary shielding to limit the dose rate in the controlled area during normal operation X ray Generator That portion of an X ray system that provides the accelerating voltage and current for the X ray tube X ray System Apparatus for generating and using ionizing radiation including all X ray accessory apparatus such as accelerating voltage and current for the X ray tube and any needed shielding A 6 Types of Radiation As stated earlier radiation consists of invisible waves or particles of energy that can have a health effect on humans if received in too large a quantity There are two distinct types of radiation non ionizing and ionizing Non ionizing Radiation Non ionizing radiation does not have the energy needed to ionize an atom i e to remove electrons from neutral atoms Sources of non ionizing radiation include light microwaves power lines and radar Although this type of radiation can cause biological damage like sunburn it is generally considered less hazardous than ionizing radiation lonizing Radiation lonizing radiation does have enough energy to remove electrons from neutral atoms lonizing radiation is of concern due to its potential to alter the chemical structure of living cells These changes can alter or impair the normal functions of a cell Sufficie
27. sample holder and radiation safety shield and keep a safe distance from the nosepiece of the analyzer while X rays are being generated Thin or Light Element Samples A less obvious risk of excess radiation exposure occurs when testing thin samples Part of the radiation coming from the X ray tube is of a sufficiently high energy to penetrate thin samples especially if the sample is composed of lighter low atomic number elements The following tables illustrate relative intensities after the radiation has passed through aluminum iron sheets of various thicknesses the tube is operated at 40kV and is filtered by a 1 27 mm thick aluminum sheet inside the instrument When testing thin samples use of the radiation safety shield is recommended Table 2 2 Intensity of X ray Radiation after Sample Penetration Aluminum Sheet Relative Intensities Iron Sheet Relative Intensities Thickness Relative Intensity Thickness Relative Intensity 0 mm 10096 0 0 mm 100 1mm 46 0 1 23 2 26 0 2 9 3 1696 0 3 mm 4 4 11 0 4 2 1 5 7 5 0 5 1 1 10 1 5 1 0 mm 0 08 An aluminum sample must be quite thick before it absorbs substantial amount of the radiation while iron provides much better absorption The transmission difference is very important and demonstrates why it is not a safe practice to measure samples while holding them in your hand Issued 7 08 20 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld In
28. the operation of X rays is prevented The filter seal interlock consists of a safety interlock located in the collimator Infrared IR Proximity Sensor the IR proximity sensor is used to confirm that the instrument has been placed against a sample The sensor is located in the instrument nosepiece near the tube detector opening If the nosepiece is removed from the sample by a distance greater than 2 75 mm 1 8 inch the IR proximity sensor will stop X ray generation The exact distance is somewhat dependent on the sample material being tested Red X ray On Indicator Light when the trigger is pulled and the infrared sensor is engaged the red light Figure 2 3 will illuminate indicating the generation of X rays The light incorporates redundant LED elements for increased reliability If one or both of the red light LEDs are burned out X rays will not be generated X ray On Buzzer the X ray on buzzer will sound when the trigger is pulled to alert the operator that X rays are being generated Low Count Rate Detection Safety Shutoff while X rays are being generated the TRACER III V microprocessor continually monitors raw count rate from the detector If at any time during the measurement the raw count rate falls below 500 counts per second the microprocessor will stop X ray generation since this indicates that no sample is in place Should this occur the operator must release the trigger and then re start the test 2 3 2 TRAC
29. the power cord and then plug the power cord into a standard wall outlet The orange light on the charger indicates that the battery is charging and the green light indicates that the charge is complete Issued 7 08 33 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Figure 4 10 Charging the vacuum pump battery To reinstall the battery reattach the white connector and place the battery back into the compartment on the vacuum pump Replace the battery cover and turn the three knobs approximately one quarter turn clockwise to lock it in place The batteries take approximately 4 hours to charge A brand new fully charged battery will operate the vacuum pump for approximately 5 hours 4 1 4 Important Information about Li ion Batteries Li ion batteries do not have a memory and work best under low strain conditions To prolong the life of the batteries Recharge the Li ion batteries frequently Fully discharge the batteries by using them in the instrument after every 30 charge cycles During charging the ambient temperature should be between 5 and 45 For prolonged storage keep the battery charged to about 3096 to 5096 and store at room temperature If the battery is not used for extended periods of time recharge about once per year to prevent over discharge Issued 7 08 34 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version GENERAL BA
30. 3 is employed to control power to all components The key switch must be turned on before any other actions can be initiated Software X ray Radiation Warning when starting the PDA software a black and yellow X ray Radiation Warning symbol and a text warning are displayed The user must tap the PDA screen within the warning symbol with the stylus to proceed No user input is accepted during the time the X ray Radiation Warning is displayed Issued 7 08 7 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Yellow Power On Indicator Light when the key switch is turned on the yellow light Figure 2 3 will illuminate indicating that the instrument is powered on The light incorporates redundant LED elements for increased reliability If the instrument microprocessors detect a malfunction in the instrument the yellow light flashes to alert the user The redundant LED segments are incorporated in such a way that if either of the LED elements fails open generation of X rays is disabled Operator Trigger Interlock when the trigger style switch is pulled X rays are generated if the rest of the safety circuit has been satisfied The switch is spring loaded and must be held in during measurements If the switch is inadvertently released the spring mechanism will return the switch to its idle position and stop X ray generation Filter Seal Interlock if the brass filter port cap is not in place
31. 47 SS 615 248 S1Cr3 249 S1Cr1 250 S2Cr3 251 S1Cr5 252 S3Cr6 253 S3Cr4 254 S2Cr7 255 SS TO 256 Ern Zrm 291 1 257 Alloy A 2 258 Alloy D 2 259 Alloy H 11 260 Alloy H 12 261 Alloy H 13 262 Alloy L 6 263 M 1 264 M 2 265 O 1 267 S 1 268 S 5 269 S 7 270 T 1 563 T 4 271 BS 10V 272 BS 49 273 9 4 30 274 Alloy 11L17 275 Alloy 12L14 238 S2Cr2 276 41140 278 4140 Bi 277 41150 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 Issued 7 08 Supersedes New 4150 Bi 8620 Bi 2507 Stellite 6 Stellite 25 Stellite 188 F 75 Ultimet 1233 CCM Stellite 25 Rene 41 14943 14937 14841 14936 12670 12572 12667 Stellite 3 81601 Stellite 6 Nickel 200 Alloy 400 Alloy R405 Alloy 500 Alloy 600 Alloy 625 Alloy 690 Alloy 718 Alloy 750 Alloy 800 Alloy 825 Alloy 909 Haynes 230 Haynes 242 RA 333 60 Wasplaloy Chemistry Library 317 Hastelloy B 2 318 Alloy C 22 319 Alloy C 276 320 Alloy G 30 321 Alloy X 322 MP35N 323 Alloy 263 324 Alloy 600 1 325 Alloy 617 326 Alloy 690 327 Alloy 825 328 Alloy 925 329 Alloy B 2 330 Alloy C 22 331 Alloy G 30 332 Alloy X 333 Nimonic 901 334 9014 335 9015 336 213 X 200 M6 337 213X 200 M4 338 213 X 200 M2 339 22X 9012 340 22X 751 341 22X
32. 7 08 82 Supersedes New gt lt BRUKER Cas Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The principle of distance is that the exposure rate is reduced as the distance from the source is increased The greater the distance the amount of radiation received is reduced This method can best be expressed by the Inverse Square Law The inverse square law states that doubling the distance from a point source reduces the dose rate intensity to 1 4 of the original Tripling the distance reduces the dose rate to 1 9 of its original value Expressed mathematically D Cx zI 2 D Variables C is the intensity dose rate of the radiation source is the distance at which C was measured D is the distance from the source lis the new level of intensity at distance D from the source Issued 7 08 83 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The inverse square law does not apply to sources of greater than a 10 1 distance source size ratio or to the radiation fields produced from multiple sources ORIGINAL 1 4 1 9 DOSE ORIGINAL ORIGINAL RATE DOSE DOSE RATE RATE Figure A 13 The Inverse Square Law A 12 3 Shielding The third and perhaps most important method of reducing exposure is shielding Shielding is generally considered to be the most effective method of reducing radiation exposure and consists of using a material to absorb or sca
33. ATION ua u 46 5 2 MEASUREMENT MODES 46 5 3 MAKING INT Se 51 5 4 SAVING RESULTS oee 52 5 5 CHANGING SCREEN VIEWING MODES 53 5 6 TO TURN OFF THE INSTRUMENTT n 53 5 7 VMIEWNG STORED DA TA RO E 54 5 8 CHECKING CALIBRATIONS qa 55 1 ERROR MEASUREMENT WILL NOT START 56 6 2 CAN T FIND THE PMI PROGRAM ON THE START 2 2 1 00 0 aa 56 6 3 THE PMI PROGRAM ON THE PDA LOCKS UP 56 6 4 THE YELLOW LIGHT ON THE CONTROL PANEL IS 2 0 6 57 6 5 THE RED LIGHT ON THE CONTROL PANEL DOES NOT TURN 22122 0 etes tett sake esee aeree sisse sese asses aiite eee 57 6 6 THE RED LIGHT ON THE C
34. BR KER CX BRUKER AXS HANDHELD TRACER Portable XRF Analyzer Canadian User Manual July 2008 415 North Kennewick WA 99336 509 783 9850 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Caution X ray Radiation gt Note Most countries and states regulate the use of X ray generating devices such as XRF analyzers Regulations for XRF analyzers vary by location Contact your appropriate agency for specific information gt Note Countries or states may require registration and or licensing A fee payment may be required If you are planning to transport a Bruker XRF analyzer into another location contact the appropriate authority in that jurisdiction for their particular requirements before transporting the analyzer Issued 7 08 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld manufactures an XRF analyzer designated as the Bruker TRACER III V that contains an X ray tube It is registered with the U S Food and Drug Administration FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health Specific safety requirements are provided for any purchased analyzer which uses an X ray tube The Bruker TRACER contains an X ray tube The TRACER IIl V does not emit radiation when turned off It is designed with fail safe circuitry including switches lights and interlocks to minimize the risk of accidental exposure to the user during operation The safety features of the TRACE
35. CER III V User Manual Canadian Version S L Sample Preparation The instrument analyzes the sample surface to a small depth so the surface must be representative of the whole material Ifthe sample is flat and clean no rust oil dirt etc no sample preparation is necessary Contamination on the sample surface will have the greatest effect on light element analysis Ti V Cr Dust dirt and oil can be simply cleaned from the surface with a cloth Rust corrosion paint and coatings should be removed by sanding or grinding the sample surface 5 2 Issued 7 08 Measurement Modes 5 2 1 Chemistry Grade The default measurement mode is Chemistry Grade This mode is used for composition analysis of unknown samples When measurement is started the alloy class of the sample is identified the matrix element of the sample material The name of the closest identified alloy type such as SS 316 is also reported The difference value is a statistical value which tells how close the sample being measured is to the alloy type name shown on the screen Smaller difference values indicate that the sample correlates more closely to the reference value stored in the memory Supersedes New While the trigger is pulled and the measurement continues the results get more precise After few seconds the PDA will alert the user and the assay concentrations are displayed If the sample alloy is an alloy grade contained i
36. ER III V XRF Safety Warning Labels The TRACER III V XRF analyzer has safety warning labels to alert the user and or identify the functions of the controls These labels are described below Issued 7 08 8 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version e Totheright of the power key lock part of the analyzer Figure 2 2 is sign which says CAUTION X RADIATION ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X Figure 2 2 Caution radiation sign e control panel of the analyzer is labeled as illustrated in Figure 2 3 Power safety key Power On symbol _ x Power On Off 1 Yellow LED indicates power on solid or error blinking Dual red LED indicates X rays on Figure 2 3 TRACER III V control panel and indicator lights e The yellow light when illuminated indicates that the high voltage HV power supply is energized It has the following symbol above it S A e The red light when illuminated indicates that X rays are being generated It has the following label above it Issued 7 08 9 Supersedes New Canadian Version Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual The power key lock is labeled with an international Power On Off symbol The vacuum window over the X ray port carries a label with an X ray warning Figure 2 4 CAUTION X RADIATION ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X Figure 2 4 Vacuum window and X ray warning
37. ER III V is powered OFF Carefully peel the tape from the nose of the instrument Now that the nose is exposed be careful not to allow dust and debris into the aperture which may damage sensitive instrumentation Peel the backing off of one replacement window and line up the aperture with the window Press the tape such that there are no air bubbles gaps or creases to allow air to enter the nose Carefully use a fingernail to press firmly around the aperture for a good seal 4 2 3 Clip on Window Protector and Sample Holder When analyzing light elements such as materials containing aluminum or titanium in vacuum mode be sure to remove the clip on window protector To remove the clip on window protector grip it firmly on both sides and lift off of the instrument To reinstall gently press the clip on window protector over the 36 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version nose of the instrument lining up the four notches on the outside of the window protector with the bumps that hold it in place Figure 4 13 Installing removing the clip on window protector To analyze small samples or to have a flat surface on which to work install the clip on sample holder instead of the clip on window protector Figure 4 14 Clip on sample holder installed on the TRACER III V Use care so that an object does not puncture the window on the instrument see section 4 2 2 for instructions on how t
38. F SPECTRUM ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR THE TRACER Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 1 TRACER III V Overview The TRACER III V produced by Bruker AXS Handheld is a portable wide range elemental analyzer intended primarily for metal alloy analysis applications It provides a method for chemical analysis or material identification sorting directly from materials of various forms The TRACER III V is based on energy dispersive X ray fluorescence technology and uses an X ray tube as its excitation source Tubes may use a bulk Rhenium Re Rhodium Rh or Silver Ag target depending on the ordered configuration customer s application The instrument contains a high resolution Peltier cooled Silicon PIN Si PIN diode detector The TRACER III V is a fully field portable analyzer with an integrated PDA Personal Digital Assistant computer see Figure 1 1 The removable PDA provides the user interface for operating the instrument and contains the BrukerS1 analytical program This program enables the user to select analytical modes view spectra and save data The display is a 320x240 pixel color touch screen TFT which can be operated either with a fingertip or the stylus provided Note A PC is also supplied with the TRACER III V when it is used for museum work The instrument is factory calibrated for measurement of e Aluminum alloys e Titanium alloys e Low alloy steels e Stainless steels e Tool steels
39. Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Putting Risks in Perspective Acceptance of any risk is a very personal matter and requires that a person make informed judgments weighing benefits against potential hazards Risk Comparison The following summarizes the risks of radiation exposure The risks of low levels of radiation exposure are still unknown Since ionizing radiation can damage chromosomes of a cell incomplete repair may result in the development of cancerous cells There have been no observed increases of cancer among individuals exposed to occupational levels of ionizing radiation Using other occupational risks and hazards as guidelines nearly all scientific studies have concluded the risks of occupational radiation doses are acceptable by comparison Issued 7 08 77 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Table A3 Average Lifetime Estimated Days Lost Due to Daily Activities Activity Estimated Days Lost Cigarette smoking 2250 2596 Overweight 1100 Accidents all types 435 Alcohol consumption 365 Driving a motor vehicle 207 Medical X rays 6 10 mSv 1 rem Occupational Exposure 1 10 mSv 1 rem per year for 30 years 30 Table A4 Average Estimated Days Lost By Industrial Occupations Occupation Estimated Days Lost Mining Quarrying 328 Construction 302 Agriculture 277 Transportation Utilities 164 Radiation dose of 50 mSv 5 rem per yr for 50
40. ONTROL PANEL LOOKS UNEVEN DIM 57 APPENDIX A BASIC RADIATION SAFETY INFORMATION OO 1 SANDI ENAN LOINA A 58 2 THE COMPOSITION 59 ELECTRICAL CHARGE OF THE 61 4 THE STABILITY OF THE ATOM e 62 5 RADIATION TERMINOLOGY RET m 62 A 6 TYPES OF RADIATION m 63 A 7 UNITS FOR MEASURING RADIATION ccccccccsececscesecesecesececesesecececesececesesesesssesesesesesessseeesesesesesesesesesesesesesesesesesececesesecesecescecesecececesececececeseeeeesss 67 8 SOL UBCGESOPRADIATION E RR 69 9 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION Rt 74 PEDES INNUMERIS 79 ZUM MEASURING RADIATION 80 A 12 REDUCING EXPOSURE ALARA 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 00 92 Issued 7 08 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version APPENDIX D Issued 7 08 Supersedes New PXR
41. Occupational Doses Occupation mSv mrem Airline flight crewmember 10 1000 Nuclear power plant worker 7 700 Grand central station worker 1 2 120 Medical personnel 0 7 70 DOE DOE contractors 0 44 44 Based on U S data only Significant Doses As stated previously the general public is exposed daily to small amounts of radiation However there are four major groups of people that have been exposed in the past to significant levels of radiation Because of this we know much about ionizing radiation and its biological effects on the body These four major groups of people who have been exposed to significant levels of radiation are The earliest radiation workers such as radiologists who received large doses of radiation before biological effects were recognized Since then safety standards have been developed to protect such employees The more than 100 000 people who survived the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Those involved in radiation accidents like Chernobyl People who have received radiation therapy for cancer This is the largest group of people to receive significant doses of radiation Issued 7 08 73 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version A 9 Biological Effects of Radiation A 9 1 Cell Sensitivity The human body is composed of billions of living cells Groups of these cells make up tissues which in turn make up the body s organs Some cells are mo
42. R III V have been verified by radiation safety authorities So long as there is no physical damage to the instrument there should be no danger of exposure to radiation above permissible levels If the instrument is damaged store it in a secured area and contact Bruker AXS Handheld at 800 466 5323 All XRF analyzers should be operated only by individuals who have completed an approved radiation safety training program The red LED on the analyzer indicates that the X rays are on Do not point the analyzer at any person when the analyzer is activated While measuring make sure that the analyzer is in contact with the sample material and that the entire aperture as well as the infrared IR sensor is covered by the material While measuring do not hold the sample material with your hand Keep your eyes away from the nosepiece of the TRACER III V while the trigger is pulled In Canada users must be certified in accordance with NRC Standard CAN CGSB 48 9712 2000 Note Bruker TRACER Bruker and TRACER III V as used throughout this manual refer specifically to the device manufactured by Bruker AXS Handheld Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Important Notes to Canadian Handheld XRF Analyzer Customers The Bruker TRACER III V is classified as a portable hand held open beam x ray tube based analytical x ray device and as such Canadian Federal Regulations Radiation Emitting Device Act
43. TTERY WARNINGS e Misusing the battery can cause the battery to get hot ignite or rupture and cause serious injury e place the battery in a fire or heat the battery Do not place the battery in direct sunlight or use or store batteries in the car in hot weather Do not place battery in the microwave oven high pressure container or induction cookware e Do not pierce the battery with nails or other sharp objects strike the battery with a hammer step on the battery or otherwise subject it to strong impacts or shocks Do expose the battery to water or saltwater or allow the battery to get wet e Donot disassemble the battery as this may disconnect its safety protection devices Charge the battery only with the charger that is intended to charge the battery e Do not use any other devices to discharge the battery The battery should be discharged by using the instrument only 4 2 Determine Configuration Take a look at what will be analyzed Items that contain light elements such as aluminum or titanium alloys must be analyzed in vacuum mode with the filter and clip on window protector removed and the correct flash card inserted into the PDA The flash card establishes different voltage and current settings for the instrument which is critical for determining accurate measurements for aluminum titanium or other light element materials 4 2 1 Changing the Filter To examine iron steel nickel cobalt or
44. V C Install EC Documents FEHLT Data Your calibration files stored here x FJ UserLib srz amp cfz i n zaman oa Figure 5 6 Example file explorer 5 8 Checking Calibrations In the document envelope that was received with the instrument there is e Acalibration sheet for stainless steel duplex 2205 e Acalibration sheet for aluminum 2024 e A stainless steel duplex 2205 check sample used to verify non vacuum alloy calibration e Analuminum 2024 check sample used to verify the vacuum aluminum calibration e ACD with a copy of the calibration files All TRACER XRF instruments are calibrated with NIST traceable alloy standards unless the client application is for not for alloys To verify the calibration of the instrument set up the instrument to operate in the appropriate configuration see section 4 and run five 30 second assays Average the results and the chemistry results for each element should be within the tolerance range specified on the corresponding calibration sheet Issued 7 08 55 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 6 Troubleshooting 6 1 Error measurement will not start If the PMI program is started before the instrument power key is turned on the program will not respond to the spectral data In this case e Exit the PMI program and turn off PDA and instrument power section 5 6 e Remove the compact flashcard CF CARD
45. adiation received and the indicator moves towards a neutral position A dosimeter that has been exposed to radiation must be periodically recharged or zeroed Thermo luminescence Devices TLDs and Optically Simulated Luminescence Dosimeter OSL TLDs and OSL are devices that use materials in the form of crystals which can store free electrons when exposed to ionizing radiation These electrons remain trapped until the crystals are read by a special reader or processor using heat TLD or light OSL When this occurs the electrons are released and the crystals produce light The intensity of the light can be measured and related directly to the amount of radiation received Thermoluminescent materials which are useful as dosimeters include lithium fluoride lithium borate calcium fluoride calcium sulfate and aluminium oxide There are two common types of dosimeters whole body and extremity Whole Body Dosimeter A TLD or OSL whole body dosimeter is used to measure both shallow and deep penetrating radiation doses It is normally worn between the neck and waist The measured dose recorded by this device may be used as an individual s legal occupational exposure Extremity An extremity is a TLD in the shape of a ring which is worn by workers to measure the radiation exposure to the extremities Issued 7 08 81 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The measured dose recorded b
46. all doses of radiation their ability to cause damage and their dose equivalence see below A rem is Is a unit for measuring dose equivalence Is the most commonly used unit of radiation exposure measure Pertains directly to humans Takes into account the energy absorbed dose the quality of radiation the biological effect of different types of radiation in the body and any other factor For gamma and X ray radiation all of these factors are unity so that for these purposes a rad and a rem are equal Sievert is the SI unit for dose equivalence 1 rem 1000 millirem mrem 1 rem 0 01 Sievert Sv and 1Sv 100 rem A 7 3 Dose and Dose Rate Dose is the amount of radiation you receive during any exposure Dose Rate is the rate at which you receive the dose Example 1 Dose rate dose time mrem hr 2 Dose dose rate x time mrem Issued 7 08 68 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version A 8 Sources of Radiation We live in an environment which is and has always been subject to radiation As human beings we have evolved in the presence of ionizing radiation from natural background radiation No one can completely avoid exposure to radiation whether working with radioactive materials or not We are continually exposed to sources of radiation from our environment both natural and man made The average person in the U S receives about 3 6 mSv or 360 mrem of radiat
47. alyzer generates spectrum data by analyzing the specific secondary X ray energies that travel from the sample under test to the instrument detector Because X rays travel in random directions it is possible for an X ray to miss the detector and be scattered in the direction of the operator This is referred to as backscatter Although the XRF analyzer is specifically designed to limit backscatter there is always the possibility that a small number of X rays may scatter beyond the detector To ensure safe operation of the system it is vital that the operator understands the radiation field The radiation profiles provided in figures 2 8 and 2 9 illustrate the radiation field intensity for the TRACER III V analyzer The Radiation Profile section contains the detail on measurements of the radiation field The profiles should be studied carefully by anyone who operates the TRACER analyzer in order to better understand and apply the practices of ALARA using time distance and shielding 2 3 Hand Held XRF Analyzer Safety Design The Bruker TRACER series XRF Analyzers employ a miniature X ray tube instead of a radioactive material to generate the X rays The general construction and the safety features described in this manual are the same for all TRACER III V models Bruker AXS Handheld designed this hand held X ray tube analyzer to conform to 21 CFR 1020 40 safety requirements for cabinet i e closed beam X rays systems with the exception of
48. and the green lines indicate L line energies For example if the energy in the upper left corner were 6 4 then you would move the slider bar until the Fe 26 indicator was displayed in the bottom left corner of the screen reference Appendix 1 Energies of K and L lines Once the desired element ID is shown in the bottom left tap on it and that label will be placed on the spectrum 5 6 Toturn off the instrument e Tap the File button on the lower left screen and select Exit to exit the analysis program Issued 7 08 53 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version e Turn the PDA power off e Turn the TRACER IIl V power key to OFF position If using the instrument in vacuum mode turn off the vacuum pump Open the vacuum release valve and allow the pressure to stabilize prior to removing the pump or tubing from the TRACER see section 4 2 4 IMPORTANT FAILURE TO OPEN THE VACUUM RELEASE VALVE PRIOR TO REMOVING THE VACUUM TUBING FROM THE VACUUM PUMP OR THE INSTRUMENT WILL DAMAGE THE HIGHLY SENSITIVE SI PIN DETECTOR 5 7 Viewing stored data The inspection of stored measurements is possible either using the Pocket Excel in PDA computer or by downloading the data to a PC 5 7 1 Viewing results using Pocket Excel To view stored results on the PDA close the PMI program and open Pocket Excel Pocket Excel automatically searches the PDA for any Excel files Tap on t
49. ber This is called fusion Range Since neutrons have no electrical charge they have a high penetrating ability and require thick shielding material to stop Range in air can be several hundred feet Shielding The best materials to shield against neutron radiation are those with high hydrogen content water concrete or plastic Hazard Neutron radiation is considered primarily an external hazard due to its range and penetrating ability A 7 Units for Measuring Radiation The absorption of radiation into the body or anything else depends upon two things the type of radiation involved and the amount of radiation energy received The units for measuring radiation internationally are the Gray and Sievert and in the USA are the rad and rem A 7 1 Radiation Absorbed Dose A rad is A unit for measuring the amount of radiation energy absorbed by a material i e dose Defined for any material e g 100 ergs gm Issued 7 08 67 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Applied to all types of radiation Not related to biological effects of radiation in the body 1 rad 1000 millirad mrad The Gray Gy is the System International SI unit for absorbed energy 1 rad 0 01 Gray Gy and 1 Gray 100 rad A 7 2 Rem Actual biological damage depends upon the concentration as well as the amount of radiation energy deposited in the body The rem is used to quantify over
50. by the general public from all medical procedures is about 53 mrem or 530 15 per year Atmospheric Testing of Nuclear Weapons Testing of nuclear weapons during the 1950s and early 1960s resulted in fallout of radioactive materials This practice is now banned by most nations The average dose received by the general public from residual fallout is approximately 1 mrem or 10 5 per year Consumer Products These include such products as Televisions Building materials Combustible fuels Smoke detectors Camera lenses Welding rods The total average dose received by the general public from all these products is about 10 mrem or 100 45 per year Industrial uses Industrial uses include X ray generating machines used to test all sorts of welds material integrity bore holes and to perform microscopic analyses of materials The average dose received by the general public from industrial uses is less than 1 mrem or 10 uSv per year Issued 7 08 72 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Table A 1 Example of Annual Radiation Doses from Selected Sources Exposure uSv mrem Cigarette Smoking 13000 1300 Radon in homes 2000 200 Medical exposures 530 53 Terrestrial radiation 300 30 Cosmic radiation 300 30 Round trip US by air 50 5 Building materials 36 3 6 World wide fallout lt 10 lt 1 Natural gas range 2 0 2 Smoke detectors 0 001 0 0001 Table A 2 Average Annual
51. by your local regulatory authority for each individual and to specify any other measuring devices to be used The lonization Chamber The lonization Chamber is the simplest type of detector for measuring radiation Issued 7 08 80 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version It consists of a cylindrical chamber filled with air and an insulated wire running through its center length with a voltage applied between the wire and outside cylinder When radiation passes through the chamber ion pairs are extracted and build up a charge This charge is used as a measure of the exposure received This measurement is not highly efficient 30 4096 efficiency is typical as some radiation may pass through the chamber without creating enough ion pairs for proper measurement The Geiger Mueller Tube The Geiger Mueller GM Tube is very similar to the ion chamber but is much more sensitive The voltage of its static charge is so high that even a very small number of ion pairs will cause it to discharge A GM tube can detect and measure very small amounts of beta or gamma radiation The Pocket Dosimeter The Pocket Dosimeter is also a specialized version of the ionization chamber It is basically a quartz fiber electroscope The chamber is given a single charge of static electricity which it stores like a condenser As radiation passes through the chamber the charge is reduced in proportion to the amount of r
52. c TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 2 8 Case of Emergency If a person without proper training attempts to operate the TRACER III V analyzer resulting X ray emission from the X ray tube could be harmful to the operator or others nearby If a TRACER III V analyzer is lost or stolen notify the local law enforcement and regulatory authority as soon as possible In the event of an accident with or damage to the TRACER III V analyzer immediately turn off the device and remove the battery pack Then follow the steps below Minor Damage If any hardware item appears to be damaged even if the analyzer remains operable immediately contact Bruker AXS Handheld at 800 466 5323 or 509 783 9850 for assistance Use of a damaged analyzer may lead to unnecessary radiation exposure and or inaccurate measurements Major Damage If the analyzer is severely damaged immediately stop use of the instrument and contact Bruker AXS Handheld immediately and notify the appropriate regulatory agency in your state or country Care must be taken to ensure that personnel near the device are not exposed to unshielded X rays that may be generated i e if the safety logic circuit has been damaged and is not functional Immediate removal of the battery pack will stop all X ray production Loss or Theft Should a TRACER III V analyzer be lost or stolen immediately notify the appropriate regulatory agency in the state or country in which the dev
53. c waves or photons of pure energy that have no mass or electrical charge Gamma rays and X rays e Are identical except that gamma rays come from the nucleus while X rays come from the electron shells or from an X ray generating machine lonize atoms by interacting with electrons Range Because gamma and X rays have no charge or mass they are highly penetrating and can travel quite far Range in air can be Figure 11 easily several hundred feet A Gamma or X ray Shielding Gamma and X rays are best shielded by use of dense materials such as concrete lead or steel Hazard Due to their range and penetrating ability gamma and X ray radiation are considered primarily an external hazard Issued 7 08 66 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Neutron Particles Neutron radiation consists of neutrons that are ejected from the nucleus of an atom Neutron particles e Are produced during the normal operation of a nuclear reactor or particle accelerator as well as the natural decay process of some radioactive elements e Can split atoms by colliding with their nuclei forming two or more unstable atoms This is called fission These atoms then may cause ionization as they try to become stable Figure 12 A Neutron Neutrons can also be absorbed by some atoms capture without causing fission resulting in creation of a sometimes radioactive atom dependent on the absor
54. calibration are listed in table 1 Issued 7 08 47 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Issued 7 08 Supersedes New Chemistry Library 1 27 240 Nitronic 50 17B 2 Alloy 1030 209A 241 Nitronic 60 18B 3 Alloy 1040 210A 242 Greek Ascoloy 4 Alloy 1045 200A 243 15 5 PH 5 Alloy 1117 29 244 17 4 6 Alloy 1144 199A 245 17 7 PH 7 C4130 246 Alloy 20Cb3 8 Alloy 4140 247 Alloy A286 9 Alloy 4340 248 Alloy 1018 28A 10 Alloy 4620 249 AL6XN 11 Alloy 4820 250 Duplex 2205 12 Alloy E6150 251 C 1 2 Mo F1 13 Alloy 8620 252 Maraging 300 14 Alloy E9310 253 55 3171 15 Alloy E52100 254 Haynes 556 16 1 1 4CR Mo 255 nvar 36 17 2 1 4CRMo 256 Kovar 18 5CR 1 2Mo 257 Tool Steel M 2 19 9CR 1Mo 258 Tool Steel T 1 20 SS 303 259 Tool Steel A 2 21 SS 304 260 Tool Steel A 6 22 SS 309 261 Tool Steel H 13 23 SS 310 262 Tool Steel S 1 24 SS 316 263 Tool Steel 5 226 SS316Ti 227 Tool Steel T 4 227 Alloy 321 228 5 100 266 O 6 228 Alloy 330 229 1 1 ACR Mo 229 Alloy 347 230 2 1 4CRMo 230 Alloy 410 231 9CR 1Mo 231 Alloy 416 232 Alloy 420 233 Alloy 422 234 Nitronic 40 234 Alloy 430 235 Hi Mn Stainless 235 Alloy 431 236 Ferralium 255 236 Alloy 440C 237 Alloy 20 CB 3 233 SS440F Se 237 Alloy 446 238 Custom 450 239 SS 469 239 Custom 455 240 SS 470 240 Nitronic 40 241 SS 471 Table 5 1 Reference library 48 241 SS 472 242 SS 473 243 SS 611 244 SS 612 245 SS 613 246 SS 614 2
55. copper bronze alloys insert the Ti Al filter with the aluminium side lighter side facing toward the aperture and the titanium side darker side facing the instrument To examine aluminum titanium or other light elements remove all filters Figure 4 11 The Ti Al filter Aluminum is the light colored side Titanium is the dark colored side Issued 7 08 35 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Issued 7 08 To insert or remove the Ti Al filter unscrew the brass knurled screw Use the forceps to insert or remove the Ti Aluminum filter When using the filter be sure that the aluminium lighter side is facing away from the instrument and the titanium darker side is facing toward the instrument Figure 4 12 Inserting or removing the Ti Al filter Be sure to reinstall the brass knurled screw before using the instrument Do not operate the TRACER III V without the brass knurled screw in place IMPORTANT The brass knurled screw should be tightened only finger tight 4 2 22 Changing the Vacuum Window Ten replacement vacuum windows are included with the TRACER III V The vacuum window protects the delicate instrumentation from dust and debris in normal operation and also provides a vacuum seal during light element analysis The vacuum window only needs to be replaced when it has been damaged and can no longer hold a vacuum When changing a damaged window be sure that the TRAC
56. d by Microsoft Excel on a PC Issued 7 08 52 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 5 4 2 Saving Individual Results To save the current result on the screen select File then Save Select Save Results results saved include the alloy Grade ID and its chemistry Save Spectra Save Both or Save Lib Assay A window will appear asking the user to enter the name of the file 5 5 Changing Screen Viewing modes The default screen is the Split screen showing both the spectra and chemistry result To view either the spectra or chemistry in full screen simply tap the upper or lower portion of the screen twice To return to the split screen mode tap the screen twice again X243000T 9 00 Seconds s 12 30 XM3000T 9 00Seconds 46 12 31 9 00 Seconds 12 30 File Setup About Figure 5 5 SExamples of the split screen chemistry screen and spectra screen To examine the analyzed sample spectrum go to full screen spectrum mode by tapping the upper screen twice if you are in split screen mode To identify a peak in spectrum click on the peak of interest The energy for the selected peak will be displayed in the upper left corner Now move the slider bar at the bottom of the screen until the Element ID indicator in the bottom right hand corner corresponds with the energy shown in the upper left corner The blue lines indicate K line energies
57. d lamp indicating X RAY ON fails the production of X rays shall be prevented lon An atom that has lost or gained an electron lon Pair A free electron and positively charged atom lonization The process of removing electrons from the shells of neutral atoms lonizing Radiation Radiation that has enough energy to remove electrons from neutral atoms Isotope Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus Non ionizing Radiation Radiation that does not have enough energy to remove electrons from neutral atoms Normal Operation Operation under conditions suitable for collecting data as recommended by manufacturer including shielding and barriers Primary Beam lonizing radiation from an X ray tube that is directed through an aperture in the radiation source housing for use in conducting X ray fluorescence measurements Issued 7 08 62 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Radiation The energy in transit in form of electromagnetic waves or particles Radiation Generating Machine A device that generates X rays by accelerating electrons which strike an anode Radiation Source An X ray tube or radioactive isotope Radiation Source Housing That portion of an X ray fluorescence XRF system which contains the X ray tube or radioactive isotope Radioactive Material Any material or substance that has unstable atoms which are emitting
58. e bench top configuration or use the tripod see section 4 2 6 Issued 7 08 41 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Install the remote trigger cable into the Lemo port on the handle of the TRACER III V if desired Ensure that the proper card is inserted in the PDA see section 4 2 5 Remove stylus from the PDA Attach the PDA to the TRACER III V e Unlock the PDA lock with the key e Insert the Null Modem cable into e Place PDA snugly into the cradle of the Lemo port on the control panel the instrument Be careful not to on the TRACER III V use too much force installing the Insert the opposite end of the PDA This may damage the PDA cable into the bottom of the PDA connector at the base of the cradle Rest the PDA in the cradle on the and disable the instrument instrument stand Lock PDA into place The key cannot be removed until the plunger is raised Turn the TRACER III V power interlock key to the ON position This will activate the yellow power indicator light Wait 1 2 minutes for the Peltier cooler and X ray tube to stabilize Push PDA power ON button on the top right side of the PDA see section 3 2 Important Do not start the PMI program until the TRACER power is ON The PMI program is looking for communication with the TRACER If started in the wrong sequence refer to section 6 1 Error Measurement will not start to correct the problem 4 4 Adjusting the
59. e regulatory agency In general the larger the area of the body that is exposed the greater the biological effects for a given dose Extremities are less sensitive than internal organs because they do not contain critical organs That is why the annual dose limit for extremities is higher than for a whole body exposure that irradiates the internal organs Your employer may have additional guidelines and set administrative control levels Each employee should be aware of such additional requirements to do their job safely and efficiently The following table illustrates typical dose limits Table A 5 Annual Occupational Dose Limits International _ U S Whole Body 20 mSv 5 rem Extremities 500 mSv 50 rem Organs or Tissue 500 mSv 50 rem Excluding lens of the eye and skin Lens of the Eye 150 mSv 15 rem Averaged over 5 years Table A 6 Radiation Limits for Visitors and Public International Limit 1 mSv 100 per year United States Limit 1 mSv 100 per year Issued 7 08 79 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Declared Pregnant Worker A female radiation worker may inform her supervisor in writing of her pregnancy at which time she becomes a Declared Pregnant Worker The employer should then provide the option of a mutually agreeable assignment of work tasks without loss of pay or promotional opportunity such that further radiation exposure will not exc
60. ed NOTE this is an artificial condition and should not be experienced during normal operation Measurements were made at several locations ranging from the surface to 100 cm When looking at the instrument from the top the X ray beam exits the instrument at approximately 53 degrees to the left These measurements were made at 40 kV and 10 LA filter in and filter out Measurements were also made at 40 kV 1 6 uA filter in and out 33 kV 0 9 filter out and 15 kV 11 8 filter out The results shown in Table 2 1 and Figure 2 10 illustrate the dose rate that could exist if the safety circuit did not exist These dose rates support the conclusion that an inadvertent exposure to the unenclosed direct beam would be extremely unlikely to produce a dose in excess of the regulatory limits NOTE Open beam measurements are provided to illustrate the significant risk to the user associated with deliberate open beam operation Operators following the appropriate operating instructions for the instrument should not receive any appreciable radiation dose from the instrument during normal use The highest dose rates are close to the beam end of the device Avoid placing hands or portions of the body in or near the beam path NEVER ATTEMPT TO BYPASS OR DEFEAT THE SAFETY CIRCUIT The open beam dose rate meausrements were used to calculate the irradiation time necessary to receive the annual allowed dose for the most likely tissues at risk These ca
61. eed the dose limits as shown below for the declared pregnant worker Table A 7 Dose to Pregnant Worker International Limit 2 mSv 200 mrem to abdomen during remainder of gestation period after declaration ICRP 60 United States Limit Declared Pregnant Worker embryo fetus 0 5 rem 9 months 0 05 rem month A 11 Measuring Radiation Because we cannot detect radiation through our senses special devices may be required by some jurisdictions for personnel operating an XRF to monitor and record the operator s exposure These devices are commonly referred to as dosimeters and the use of them for monitoring is called dosimetry The following information may apply to personnel using the TRACER III V XRF analyzers in jurisdictions where dosimetry is required e Wear an appropriate dosimeter that can record low energy photon radiation e Dosimeters wear period of three months be used subject to local regulation e Each dosimeter will be assigned to a particular person and is not to be used by anyone else Measuring Devices Several devices are employed for measurement of radiation doses including ionization chambers Geiger Mueller tubes pocket dosimeters thermoluminescence devices TLD s optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters OSL and film badges It is the responsibility of your Radiation Safety Officer RSO or Radiation Protection Officer RPO to specify and acquire the dosimetry device or devices specified
62. enu gives the option to delete the reference 5 2 2 2 Adding Alloys to the Match User Library Go to the Setup menu the lower left hand corner of the screen and select the energy range in keV for the elements of interest NOTE It is best to focus on as narrow of a range as possible If the energy range is unknown select Default Tap OK to exit this screen From File menu in the lower left hand corner of the screen select Library and Run Timed Assay At the prompt enter the desired assay time in seconds a minimum of 120 seconds is recommended and tap x La Bn eese rt 77 x 1 DEED a a aoe a me LAB E wy on T 2 if mo tart _ 3 09 dl lU hee E is uli oy 1 Figure 5 2 The setup menu Place the sample on the instrument nose ensuring that it covers the IR sensor then pull the trigger and keep the trigger pulled until the time countdown is complete Upon completion enter a name for the sample Save as at the prompt 50 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 5 3 Making Measurements To analyze a sample ensure the PMI program is running on the PDA and then place the TRACER s nose on the sample and pull the trigger Note the instrument should warm up for 1 2 minutes after switching on the power before pulling the trigger in order to allow the Peltier cool
63. er Manual Canadian Version Vacuum Pump Accessories Vacuum A C Power Tubing may Z Supply beclearor 2 Elpac and black er Power Cord Shoulder Shipping Strap j Case 3 5 Additional Available Accessories These accessories are available to be used with the TRACER III V To order these parts call KeyMaster at 509 783 9850 Wire Adaptor The wire adaptor attaches to the clip on window protector and narrows the aperture to a thin slit that allows smaller diameter pieces to be examined Safety Shield The safety shield is used in bench top operations to protect the user from accidental exposure to x rays For the case of small test samples it can safely cover the IR sensor while the sample covers the aperture Replacement Additional replacement vacuum or kapton windows are also Windows available 3 6 Operating Conditions of the TRACER III V Temperature Instrument 10 C to 50 Charger 5 C to 45 Humidity Continuous operation at 2096 to 9596 RH no condensation Instrument should not be exposed to rain The charger is designed for indoor use only Shock During transportation and operation the instrument must not Resistance be dropped or left in extreme conditions that might damage its sensitive components To achieve optimum accuracy avoid movement or vibration during measurements Issued 7 08 28 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Versio
64. er and the x ray tube to stabilize IMPORTANT High intensity x rays are generated when the trigger is pulled Keep eyes and other body parts away from the nose of the instrument Only trained operators may use this instrument e sure that the infrared IR sensor on the nose of the instrument is against the sample covered or the measurement will not start The infrared safety sensor on the instrument nose operates by detecting light reflected from the sample surface It is designed to prevent accidental x ray activation while moving between samples ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X Cet produit des Hryonn rmmen ts X haute meriti ps qu il est saus lenson Son utiesatian esr r gie au personnel compitent oil Produc nten F en norpired To be Operated Only Figure 5 3 The nose of the instrument e There are two indicator lights the control panel of the instrument The yellow light indicates the power is on or if it is blinking that an error has occurred see section 6 4 for troubleshooting The red light indicates that the X ray tube is generating x rays trigger is pulled Note that if the red light looks uneven one of the dual red lights may be out and x rays will not be generated see section 6 5 to troubleshoot the problem Issued 7 08 51 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version
65. es for X ray tube voltage and current may be different to comply with local regulations The tube target is dependent on the intended application and may contain material such as Rh Ag or Re The X ray tube and high voltage HV power supply are sealed in a fluid filled assembly The X ray tube is shielded by a variety of materials to minimize any stray X ray radiation This is mounted in the XRF housing and the XRF housing is closed using tamper proof fasteners The TRACER III V X ray beam is collimated through an aperture that is approximately 0 14 inches in diameter The aperture is part of the beam collimator assembly The radiation profiles illustrated in figures 2 8 and 2 9 illustrate the effectiveness of the design to limit X ray emission to primarily that which passes through the aperture See the Radiation Profile Section for discussion of the radiation profile measurements 2 3 1 Safety Logic Circuit Indicator Lights and Warning Labels The TRACER III V analyzer is designed with a Failsafe Safety System to prevent inadvertent operation of the analyzer The safety system for the TRACER analyzer consists of a key lock two failsafe LED indicator lights a trigger to activate X rays a filter seal interlock and an infrared proximity sensor to verify close proximity of a test sample The function of each of the TRACER III V s safety features is described below Primary Power Safety Key Switch a keyed main power switch Figure 2
66. f your body especially the eyes or hands near the X ray port during operation see the Radiation Profile Section for measurement information WARNING No one but the operator s should be allowed to be closer than 1 meter 3 feet from the TRACER III V particularly the beam port Ignoring this warning could result in unnecessary exposure Issued 7 08 17 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Figure 2 11 Safe use of the TRACER III V Figure 2 12 Unsafe use of the TRACER III V WARNING Never hold a sample to the X ray port for analysis by hand Hold the instrument against the sample Figure 2 13 Safe use of the TRACER III V Figure 2 14 Unsafe use of the TRACER III V e The infrared IR sensor located on the nosepiece is designed to prevent the emission of X rays from the X ray port without a solid object being in direct contact with the nosepiece WARNING The operator should never defeat the IR sensor in order to bypass this part of the safety circuit Defeating this safety feature could result in unnecessary exposure of the operator When using the bench top configuration obtain a sample large enough to cover both the analyzer window and the IR sensor If a sample is not sufficiently large to cover both the analyzer window and the IR sensor then the optional safety shield accessory should be used for testing that sample Issued 7 08 18 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld
67. ge the battery connect the battery to the AVT battery charger Connect the battery charger and the power cord and then plug the power cord into a standard wall outlet The orange light on the charger indicates that the battery is charging and the green light indicates that the charge is complete Figure 4 3 Charging the TRACER III V batteries To reinstall the battery simply insert the battery in the handle of the instrument until a click is heard The batteries take approximately 4 hours to charge A brand new fully charged battery will operate the TRACER III V for approximately 4 hours Issued 7 08 30 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 4 1 2 4 1 2 1 A C Power To operate the PDA on A C power plug the A C power supply into the PDA and then plug the cord into a standard wall outlet li sdh Figure 4 4 Hooking up A C power to the PDA 4 1 2 2 Battery Power Charging the Batteries If the PDA is still on the TRACER III V ensure that the PDA and TRACER are powered off Remove the PDA by unlocking the PDA key lock to move the plunger downward and sliding the PDA forward in the cradle Figure 4 5 Insert PDA release key into lock and turn key to move plunger Either connect the PDA to the A C adaptor and then plug it into a standard wall outlet or place the PDA in the cradle connect the A C adaptor to the cradle and then plug it into a standard
68. he desired file to open and view Tap on the desired file to open and view Files are stored in My Device Storage Card My Documents Data 5 7 2 Viewing results using external PC In order to download data to a PC the MS ActiveSync software must be installed on the PC After Active Sync is installed transferring data will similar to transferring from a floppy disk using Microsoft Windows Explorer Note ActiveSync must be used in order to translate the Pocket Excel files pxl to Comma Separated Values files csv which can be read by Microsoft Excel 5 7 2 1 Installing Microsoft ActiveSync for the first time e Connect the USB cable to the PC e Turn on the PC and wait as it starts up e Insert the ActiveSync CD ROM into the computer s drive e Follow the instructions that appear on the computer screen 5 7 2 2 the results Open the ActiveSync program Connect as Guest Do not create a Partnership e Inthe Explorer window find the folder o Mobile Device Storage Card My Documents Data e Select the files to be downloaded e Copy them to your PC hard drive Issued 7 08 54 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version e You can now open Excel the PC e n Excel select File Open and in the Files of Type drop down box select Text Files or csv 1 3 Flashcard 48629 9 2 04 EC 2577 Your data stored here pdz pxl amp CS
69. he vacuum pump are battery operated They may also be operated from A C power Note that for bench top operation the instrument can be used with battery or A C line voltage power Issued 7 08 4 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 2 TRACER Operator Radiation Safety Requirements 2 1 What is Radiation e The term radiation is used with all forms of energy light X rays radar microwaves and more For the purpose of this manual radiation refers to invisible waves or particles of energy from X ray tubes e High levels of radiation may pose a danger to living tissue because it has the potential to damage and or alter the chemical structure of cells This could result in various levels of illness i e mild to severe This section of the manual provides a basic understanding of radiation characteristics This should help in preventing unnecessary radiation exposure to TRACER users and persons nearby The concepts have been simplified to give a basic picture of what radiation is and how it applies to operators of the TRACER III V XRF Analyzer e Sections 2 2 2 4 characterize the TRACER III V s safety features and controls and provide specific radiation profiles for the TRACER III V analyzer e The user of a TRACER IIl V XRF analyzer should study Appendix A to better understand the nature of radiation and how to be safe using handheld XRF analyzers Appendix A w
70. ice was located Additionally immediately notify local law enforcement authorities and Bruker AXS Handheld Take the following precautions to minimize the chance of loss or theft Never leave the analyzer unattended when in use When not use always keep the device in its shipping container and store it in a locked vehicle or in a secure area When not use keep the key separate from the analyzer e Maintain records to keep track of all instruments owned and the operators assigned to use them and where they were used e Never share your password with another user Issued 7 08 21 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 2 9 License Registration Requirements Bruker TRACER III V X ray Tube XRF Analyzer The owner operator of Bruker TRACER III V X ray Tube XRF analyzer Canadian Version is subject to license and or registration under Canadian Federal Regulations The owner operator should e Comply with Canadian Federal Regulations see Section iii above e Never remove labels from the analyzer e Comply with all instructions and labels provided with the device e Store the analyzer in a safe place where it is unlikely to be stolen or removed accidentally e Keep the key separate from the analyzer e Maintain records of the storage removal and transport of the analyzer Know its whereabouts at all times Monitor operator s compliance with safe use practices
71. ill also provide perspective as to the exposure levels associated with the equipment 2 2 X ray Radiation from the TRACER III V X rays are emitted at approximately 53 angle from the aperture to the user s left as viewed from the user s perspective shown in Figure 2 1 ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X appares produ des rayonnements X haute logui ext aces Son weston est r serve m persoonel comptent CAUTION X RADIATION Equspenant Produces High Intensity When nrjfred be operated Only by i Figure 2 1 Emission of X rays from the aperture Issued 7 08 5 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Radiation Scatter Radiation scatter is produced whenever an absorbing material is directly irradiated from a nearby source The atoms within the material become temporarily excited producing X rays before becoming stable again This process called X ray fluorescence XRF is the principle of operation of the TRACER III V XRF analyzer The X ray tube within the TRACER 111 XRF analyzer is used to irradiate a chosen material at very close range with a narrow collimated beam The X rays from the tube excite the atoms of the material which then produce secondary X rays that scatter in random directions Hence the term radiation scatter Backscatter The hand held XRF an
72. ion 3 3 Principal Vacuum Pump Components Vacuum pressure display Power switch Air outlet do not block Battery case AC Power port Vacuum port Figure 3 4 Vacuum Pump 3 4 Included Accessories These accessories are included with the TRACER III V For replacement parts call Bruker AXS Handheld Inc at 509 783 9850 Power PDA Release sa Interlock z nav Keys 2 Keys 2 Li lonBattery Battery Packs 2 Charger it AVT and Power Cord Issued 7 08 25 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version TRACER III V Accessories Instrument A C Power Stand with Supply PDA cradle Elpac and Power Cord Clip on Remote Window Trigger Cable Protector Replacement Filter Kit Vacuum Windows i CAUTION X RADIATICN ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X Shoulder Wrist Strap Ti AlFilter SSE Duplex 2205 Aluminum Sample 2024 Sample Clip on m Shipping Sample Case Holder x Issued 7 08 26 Supersedes New BRUKER Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version PDA Accessories Non Vacuum mm i A C Power Flash Card Null Modem Sync Cable Cradle Battery 4 Charger Display Covers PC Download USB to Serial Cable Cable Li lon Universal Battery 1 Smart Packs 2 Battery Charger Issued 7 08 27 Supersedes New C 2 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V Us
73. ion per year The average annual radiation dose in the state of Colorado is 4 5 5 0 mSv 450 500 per year A 8 1 Natural Sources Most of our radiation exposure comes from natural sources about 3 0 mSv or 300 mrem per year In fact most of the world s population will be exposed to more ionizing radiation from natural sources than they will ever receive on the job There are several sources of natural background radiation The radiation from these sources is exactly the same as that from man made sources The four major sources of natural radiation include Cosmic Radiation Terrestrial Radiation sources in the earth s crust Sources sources in the human body such as K 40 from e g eating bananas also referred to as internal sources Radon Uranium and Thorium Cosmic Radiation Comes from the sun and outer space Is composed of positively charged particles and gamma radiation Increases in intensity at higher altitudes because there is less atmospheric shielding Example The population of Denver Colorado receives twice the radiation exposure from cosmic rays as people living at sea level Issued 7 08 69 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The average dose received by the general public from cosmic radiation is approximately 280 uSv 28 per year Terrestrial Radiation There are natural sources of radiation in the soil rocks bui
74. label Cet produit des rayonnements X An X ray warning label is located near the nosepiece of the analyzer Figure 2 5 ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X Fr CAUTION X RADIATION 2 2 haute intensit lorsqu il est sous tension Son utilisation est r serv e au personnel comp tent X radiation When Energized To be operated Only by Qualified Personnel Figure 2 5 X ray warning label near nosepiece of analyzer On the Clip On Window Protector that covers the analyzer s nose Figure 2 6 are two signs Issued 7 08 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version CAUTION X RADIATION ATTENTION RAYONNEMENTS X This Equipment Produces High Intensity Cet produit des rayonnements X X radiation When Energized haute intensit lorsqu il est sous To be operated Only by tension Son utilisation est r serv e Qualified Personnel au personnel competent Figure 2 6 Clip on window protector warning sign A metal manufacturer s plate Figure 2 7 is mounted under the analyzer housing near the handle In countries other than the USA this label may be different based on local regulatory NV CAUTION N77 RADIATION GENERATING MACHINE For safe operation see Operator s Manual The receipt possession use and transfer of this device are subject to registration as required by the user s state
75. lculations are shown in Table 2 2 NOTE In the low X ray region 3 60 keV which is within the range of X ray energies emitted by the TRACER III V analyzer the bone in the finger will absorb radiation about 3 5 times more than soft tissue For this reason DO NOT hold a test speciment in front of the beam window with the fingers in the direct beam or direct the beam at any part of the human body Reference Health Physics 66 4 463 471 1994 Issued 7 08 12 Supersedes New gt lt CS Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER User Manual Canadian Version Table 2 1 In beam Skin Dose Rate mrad min Measurements for Standard Instrument Settings with the Safety Circuit Defeated J jJ filter in filter out Filter in Filter out Filter out Filter out Note 1 The vacant data cells na represent TLDs that were not shown in beam in the image film and therefore the results were not included Table 2 2 Calculated Irradiation Time to Reach the Annual Limit with the Safety Circuit Defeated Tissues at Risk 40 KVp 10 pA 40 KVp 1 6 uA 15 11 8 40 KVp 10 uA Filter in Filter in Filter out Operating Normal Use for Normal Use for Normal Use for Worse Case Parameters Light Materials Conditions Skin mw ons 50 17 The first three columns under Irradiation Time are provided to show the time required to reach an annual limit for the three most commonly pe
76. lding materials and drinking water Some of the contributors to these sources include naturally radioactive elements such as Radium Uranium and Thorium Many areas have elevated levels of terrestrial radiation due to increased concentrations of Uranium or Thorium in the soil The average dose received by the general public from terrestrial radiation is about 280 uSv 28 mrem per year Internal Sources The food we eat and the water we drink all contain some trace amount of natural radioactive materials These naturally occurring radioactive isotopes include Na 24 C 14 Ar 41 and K 40 Most of our internal exposure comes from K 40 There are four ways to receive internal exposure Breathing Swallowing ingestion Absorption through the skin Wounds breaks in the skin The average dose received by the general public from internal sources is about 400 uSv 40 mrem per year Issued 7 08 70 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version xampies Internal Exposure 1 Inhalation of radon or dust from other radioactive materials 2 Potassium 40 in bananas 3 Water containing traces of uranium radium or thorium 4 Handling of a specified radioactive material without protective gear or with an unhealed cut Radon Radon comes from the radioactive decay of radium which is naturally present in soil Radon and its decay products are present in the air and when inhaled can cause a
77. le Body Recovery from an acute dose to the whole body may require a number of months Whole body doses of 5 Sv 500 rem or more may result in damage too great for the body to recover Example 30 firefighters at the Chernobyl facility lost their lives as a result of severe burns and acute radiation doses exceeding 8 Sv 800 rem Issued 7 08 74 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Only extreme cases as mentioned above result in doses so high that recovery is unlikely Acute Dose to Part of the Body Acute dose to a part of the body most commonly occur in industry use of X ray machines and often involve exposure of extremities hand fingers etc Sufficient radiation doses may result in loss of the exposed body part The prevention of acute doses to part of the body is one of the most important reasons for proper training of personnel Chronic Dose A chronic dose is a small amount of radiation received continually over a long period of time such as the dose of radiation we receive from natural background sources every day Chronic Dose vs Acute The body tolerates chronic doses better than acute doses because Only a small number of cells need repair at any one time The body has more time to replace dead or non working cells with new ones Radical physical changes do not occur as with acute doses Genetic Effects Genetic effects involve changes in chromosomes or
78. n Charging Line Instrument 90 240 V 50 60 Hz Voltage iPAQ PDA 100 240 V 50 60 Hz Charger 100 260 V 45 70 Hz 4 Preparing the TRACER III V for Use 4 1 Determine Power Configuration All of the components can be used with either A C power or battery power The batteries for the TRACER III V and the vacuum pump should arrive fully charged However it is necessary to fully charge the PDA batteries prior to using the instrument for the first time In addition if the PDA has not been used for a week or more it is wise to recharge it prior to use 4 1 1 TRACER 4 1 1 1 A C Power To operate the TRACER III V on A C power ensure that the instrument is off and remove the batteries see Figure 4 2 below Plug the A C power supply into the handle of the TRACER III V connect the power cord to the A C power supply and then plug the power cord into a standard wall outlet Figure 4 1 Hooking A C power for TRACER III V Issued 7 08 29 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 4 1 1 2 Battery Power Charging the Batteries The TRACER III V uses Li ion batteries that are contained in the handle of the instrument Ensure that the instrument is off prior to removing the batteries To change the battery push the button on the bottom of the handle and then pull on the black base to remove Figure 4 2 Removing the battery from the TRACER III V To char
79. n the TRACER library the TRACER will display the name of the sample In case of a positive identification the identified sample name is given after word Alloy If the measured sample is slightly different from those in the factory library the instrument will display the closest alloy preceded by Ref ID Reference ID This tells you that the instrument has used the Reference alloy to calculate the chemistry for the current results 46 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version 3000 9 00 Seconds We 12 31 Class Nickel Figure 5 1 Example of a chemistry analysis of a sampleMatch mode The second measurement mode is Match mode To use Match mode select Match from the File menu in the bottom left hand corner of the screen When match mode is selected there will be a beside Match in the menu Match mode can be used when there is no need to know the actual assay values for an unknown sample but just identify or verify the sample grade or alloy name The R 2 value shows the closeness of the measured sample to the reference in memory To exit Match mode to return to Chemistry Grade mode tap Match from File menu so that the mark is removed from Match 5 2 22 Match User library The mode Match User Library is for identifying and verifying alloys and grades that are not stored in memory in factory calibration The references included in standard factory
80. nalytical program Note It will take a few seconds to load the program e When the program has loaded the special Radiation Warning screen will appear as shown in figure 4 20b z 3000 a d 1 44 X DA 11 30 Dnly trained and certified personnel are i authorized to operate Today Formation this instrument Issued 7 08 Supersedes New ActiveSync its Bluetooth Manager Notes PMI Programs Settings _ Find Help E EN Figure 4 20 The PMI main screen 43 Canadian Federal Regulations Radiation Emitting Dewices Act require that all Canadian users must be certified in accordance with Standard CAN CGSB 45 97 12 2000 For user certification cantact Natural Resources Canada Manager Nondestructive Testing Certification CANMET 568 Booth St Ottawa ON 091 Tele 6131943 0583 Fax 6131943 8297 Users are adwised to contact their appropriate Federal iprowincialtenitorial radiation protection agency For applicable rules of operation File Setup About Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version ECKEN nix File Fd Zoom Help er 11 55 Figure 4 21 The screen File Setup About To continue tap inside the Radiation Warning splash screen The software will then display the main PMI screen illustrated in Figure 4 21 To select or change specific test parameters tap on Se
81. nt amounts of ionizing radiation can cause hair loss blood changes and varying degrees of illness These Issued 7 08 63 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version levels are approximately 1 000 times higher than levels that the public or workers are permitted to receive There are four basic types of ionizing radiation as shown below These are emitted from different parts of an atom Figure A 7 Alpha Particles Beta Particles Gamma rays or X rays Neutron Particles Note TRACER XRF devices only emit X rays Gamma Ray Beta Neutron Particle A v X ray Figure A 7 Types of lonizing Radiation Issued 7 08 64 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version The penetrating power for each of the four basic radiations varies significantly see Figure A 8 alpha A particle beta 20 particle 7777771717 N gamma rays Y paper body metal Concrete Figure A 8 The Penetrating Power of Various Types of Radiation Alpha particles e Have a large mass consisting of two protons and two neutrons e Have a positive charge and are emitted from the nucleus lonize by stripping away electrons from other atoms with its positive charge Range Due to the large mass and charge alpha particles will only Figure 9 MEN Alpha Particle travel about one t
82. o replace the windows Do not use the instrument if the window has been punctured 4 2 4 Connecting the Vacuum Pump To analyze light elements such as aluminum and titanium attach the vacuum pump to the TRACER III V Be sure to remove the filter see section 4 2 1 and remove the clip on window protector see section 4 2 3 Connect the vacuum tubing between the vacuum pump and the TRACER ensuring that the hose with the vacuum release valve is connected to the pump Close the vacuum release valve Turn the vacuum pump on The vacuum system is ready when the display reads 5 torr or less Issued 7 08 37 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Vacuum release valve in Vacuum release valve in open position closed position 4 To vacuum pump To TRACER Figure 4 16 Opening closing the vacuum release valve IMPORTANT UPON JOB COMPLETION AND BEFORE REMOVING THE PUMP FROM THE INSTRUMENT OPEN THE VACUUM RELEASE VALVE Failure to open the vacuum release valve prior to removing the vacuum tubing from the vacuum pump or the instrument will damage the highly sensitive Si PIN detector 4 2 5 Inserting the Flash Card Select the flash card that most closely matches what is being analyzed There are flash cards for non vacuum mode titanium alloys and aluminum alloys It is important to select the appropriate card for analysis because the information on the card sets the approp
83. o two inches in air This also limits its penetrating ability Shielding Most alpha particles will be stopped by a piece of paper several centimeters of air or the outer layer i e dead layer of the skin Hazard Due to limited range and penetration ability alpha particles are not considered an external radiation hazard However if inhaled or ingested alpha radiation is a potent internal hazard as it can deposit large amounts of concentrated energy in small volumes of body tissue Issued 7 08 65 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Beta Particles Have small mass and a negative charge similar to an electron e Are emitted from the nucleus of an atom p lonize other atoms by stripping electrons out of their orbits with A their negative charge Figure 10 A Beta Range Small mass and negative charge give the beta particle a Particle range of about 10 feet in air The negative charge limits penetrating ability Shielding Most beta particles can be stopped by a few millimeters of plastic glass or metal foil depending on the density of the material Hazard Although beta particles have a fairly short range they are still considered an external radiation hazard particularly to the skin and eyes If ingested or inhaled beta radiation may pose a hazard to internal tissues Gamma Rays and X rays Gamma rays and X rays are electromagneti
84. otons and neutrons e Produces a positive electrical field e Makes up nearly the entire mass of the atom Figure A 5 The Nucleus Issued 7 08 60 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Electron Shells e Circle the nucleus of an atom in a prescribed orbit e Have a specific number of electrons e Produce a negative electrical field a Are the principle controls in chemical reactions Figure A 6 Electron Shells The protons and neutrons that form the nucleus are bound tightly together by powerful nuclear forces Electrons are held in orbit by their electromagnetic attraction to the protons When these ratios become unbalanced the electrical charge and stability of the atom are affected A 3 Electrical Charge of the Atom The ratio of protons and electrons determine whether the atom has a positive negative or neutral electrical charge The term ion is used to define atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative electrical charge Positive Charge If an atom has more protons than electrons the charge is positive Negative Charge If an atom has more electrons than protons the charge is negative Neutral No Charge If an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons it is neutral or has no net electrical charge An atom s charge is important because it determines whether the atom is capable of chemical reactions The process of
85. ould result in various levels of illness i e mild to severe This section of the manual provides a basic understanding of radiation characteristics This should help in preventing unnecessary radiation exposure to TRACER III V users and persons nearby The concepts have been simplified to give a basic picture of what radiation is and how it applies to operators of the Bruker XRF Analyzer e Section 2 2 Specific Bruker TRACER III V User Requirements characterizes the TRACER III V safety features and controls and provides specific radiation profiles for the user s TRACER III V analyzer Issued 7 08 58 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version A 2 The Composition of Matter e To help understand radiation we ll start by briefly discussing the composition of matter e The physical world is composed of key materials called elements The basic unit of every element is the atom Although microscopic each atom has all the chemical characteristics of its element w L Lo d A All substances or materials are made from atoms of different i I elements combined together in specific patterns That is why atoms are called the basic building blocks of matter Figure A 1 An Atom Example Oxygen and hydrogen are two very common elements If we combine one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen the result is a molecule of H20 or water A 2 1 Parts of the Atom
86. passed the Bruker AXS Handheld Radiation Safety Examination Damage to a Bruker AXS Handheld analyzer may cause unnecessary radiation exposure If a Bruker XRF analyzer is damaged immediately contact Bruker AXS Handheld at 800 466 5323 or 509 783 9850 Disassembly of or tampering with any Bruker AXS Handheld XRF analyzer component except to replace the batteries or remove the handheld computer PDA voids the warranty and compromises the integrity of the instrument Harm or serious injury may result in cases where disassembly or tampering has occurred e Comply with all instructions and labels provided with the TRACER III V and do not remove labels Removal of any label will void the warranty Test the TRACER III V for correct operation of the ON OFF mechanism every six months keep records of the test results If the instrument fails this test call Bruker AXS Handheld immediately for instructions e Maintain a record of TRACER III V use installation if applicable and any service to shielding and or containment mechanisms for two years or until ownership of the instrument is transferred or the instrument is decommissioned e Report to the appropriate authority any possible damage to shielding loss or theft of the instrument Do not abandon any XRF instrument e Transfer the TRACER only to persons specifically authorized to receive it and report any transfer to the appropriate regulatory authori
87. r the biological effects Cell sensitivity rapidly dividing cells are the most vulnerable Individual sensitivity to ionizing radiation a developing embryo fetus is the most sensitive b children are the second most vulnerable c the elderly are more sensitive than middle aged adults d young to middle aged adults are the least sensitive Prenatal Exposure A developing embryo fetus is the most sensitive to ionizing radiation because of its rapidly dividing cells While no inheritable effects from radiation have yet been recorded there have been effects seen in some children exposed to radiation while in the womb Possible effects include Slower growth Impaired mental development Childhood cancer Some of the children from Hiroshima and Nagasaki exposed to radiation while in the womb were born with low birth weights and mental retardation While it has been suggested that such exposures may also increase the risk of childhood cancer this has not yet been proven It is believed that only doses exceeding 150 mSv 15 rem increase this risk significantly It should be stressed that many different physical and chemical factors can harm an unborn child Alcohol exposure to lead and prolonged exposure in hot tubs are just a few of the more publicized dangers to fetal development For more information see Radiation Dose Limits Declared Pregnant Worker Section A 8 Issued 7 08 76 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld
88. re resistant to viruses poisons and physical damage than others The most sensitive cells are those that are rapidly dividing that is why exposure to a fetus is so carefully controlled Radiation damage may depend on both resistance and level of activity during exposure A 9 2 Acute and Chronic Doses of Radiation All radiation if received in sufficient quantities can damage living tissue The key lies in how much and how quickly a radiation dose is received Doses of radiation fall into one of two categories acute or chronic Acute Dose An acute dose is a large dose of radiation received in a short period of time that results in physical reactions due to massive cell damage acute effects The body can t replace or repair cells fast enough to undo the damage right away so the individual may remain ill for a long period of time Acute doses of radiation can result in reduced blood count and hair loss Recorded whole body doses of 100 250 mSv 10 25 rem have resulted only in slight blood changes with no other apparent effects Radiation Sickness Radiation sickness occurs at acute doses greater than 1 Sv 100 rem Radiation therapy patients often experience it as a side effect of high level exposures to singular areas Radiation sickness may cause nausea from cell damage to the intestinal lining and additional symptoms such as fatigue vomiting increased temperature and reduced white blood cell count Acute Dose to the Who
89. removing electrons from a neutral atom is called ionization Atoms that develop a positive or negative charge gain or lose electrons are called ions When an electrically neutral atom loses an electron that electron and the now positively charged atom are called an ion pair Issued 7 08 61 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version A 4 The Stability of the Atom The concept of stability of an atom is related to the structure and the behavior of the nucleus Every stable atom has a nucleus with a specific combination of neutrons and protons Any other combination results in a nucleus that has too much energy to remain stable Unstable atoms try to become stable by releasing excess energy in the form of particles or waves radiation The process of unstable atoms releasing excess energy is called radioactivity A 5 Radiation Terminology Before examining the subject of radiation in more detail there are several important terms to be reviewed and understood Bremsstrahlung The X rays or braking radiation produced by the deceleration of electrons namely in an X ray tube Characteristic X rays X rays emitted from electrons during electron shell transfers Fail Safe Design One in which all failures of indicator or safety components that can reasonably be anticipated cause the equipment to fail in a mode such that personnel are safe from exposure to radiation For example if the re
90. requires that all Canadian users must be certified in accordance with NRC Standard CAN CGSB 48 9712 2000 For user certification contact Natural Resources Canada Manager Nondestructive Testing Certification CANMET 586 Booth St Ottawa ON K1A 0G1 Telephone 613 943 0583 FAX 613 943 8297 Users are advised to contact their appropriate Federal Provincial Territorial radiation protection agency for applicable rules of operation This Bruker TRACER III V User Manual provides training for Bruker TRACER III V XRF analyzers This manual contains four main sections and Appendix A that provides important information on the safe use of this XRF device These are 2 TRACER III V Operator Radiation Safety Requirements 3 Principal Components of the TRACER III V 4 Preparing the TRACER III V for Use 5 Daily Operation Appendix A Basic Radiation Safety Section 2 contains operator safety requirements specific to the Bruker TRACER III V and Appendix A contains basic radiation safety information Issued 7 08 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Responsibilities of the Customer e Before using the TRACER III V all users shall read and understand the Operator Radiation Safety Requirements Section 2 and Basic Radiation Safety Appendix A of this manual Because the TRACER III V produces X ray radiation the instrument shall only be used by trained personnel who have
91. rformed analyses if the safety circuit is defeated Note These exposures can occur only if the safety circuit is defeated The fourth column was provided to show the Operating Parameters that could lead to the shortest irradiation time i e Worse Case that could occur if the safety circuit is defeated These Irradiation Times should be considered approximate and as minimum values i e irradiation times could be longer because the dose rates values are overestimates Note 1 Maximum permissible limit for the skin 500 mSv per year Eye lens 150 mSv per year 2 For the conditions of this survey an absorbed dose of 1 mGy results in a Dose Equivalent of one mSv 3 Corrected values from Table 2 1 are used in calculations 4 means data not available Issued 7 08 13 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Plane of Sample Surface Backaround 100 cm Top View Backaround Figure 2 8 Radiation Profile w gt Background 28 d ut lt Background n2 Side View 7 Background 7 m Background For 40 kV 10 uA Duplex 2205 sample in beam Plane of Sample Surface x x Reading urem hr x x Reading urem hr x Figure 2 8 Dose rates for the Bruker TRACER III V XRF analy
92. riate voltage and current settings for the instrument Using incorrect voltage and current settings can cause inaccurate results Do not use flash cards from other instruments as they will have different calibration settings To change the flash card ensure that the PDA is powered off Gently pull out the card in the slot and carefully insert the next flash card into the slot Do not force the flash card into the PDA If it does not insert fully it may be inserted up side down Remove the flash card and try it in the other direction Issued 7 08 38 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Figure 4 17 Installing removing the flash card from the PDA Do not change the flash card while the PDA is installed in the instrument If necessary power off the instrument and remove the PDA see Figure 4 5 4 2 6 Sampling Configuration The TRACER can be used as a hand held device as a bench top instrument or in a tripod depending on the analyst s needs Issued 7 08 Supersedes New 4 2 6 1 Hand Held Configuration To use the TRACER III V as a hand held device be sure to secure the wrist strap or shoulder strap To attach the wrist strap wind the ring through the eyelet at the back of the instrument see Figure 1 1 To attach the shoulder strap twist the knob counter clockwise until it has moved away from the bar as far as it will go Push down on the knob all the way and turn the
93. rn to the main screen 5 Daily Operation The TRACER III V is delivered to the user fully calibrated for a variety of alloys Therefore it can be used for daily work without any other preparation than that described in section 4 The instrument is operated through the PMI analytical program This program is located on the PDA s Start menu see section 4 4 2 Using the PMI program the user can Select the mode of operation Default mode is Chemistry Grade for analyzing aluminum titanium iron nickel cobalt and copper alloys and obtaining the chemical composition of the sample e n Match mode the sample will simply be identified by its sample grade or alloy name No chemical composition will be provided e User Library mode is used to determine the identity and to verify alloys and grades that are not stored in memory during the factory calibration e In addition the alloy class can be changed to obtain more accurate results For instance to assay aluminums go to the Setup menu and change the Alloy Class from Normal to Aluminum Be sure to remove any filters from the instrument before assaying aluminums The filter should be in the instrument for assaying iron nickel cobalt or copper alloys e Make the measurement e View spectra Save result and or spectra Saved results can be viewed by closing the PMI program and opening Pocket Excel Issued 7 08 45 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRA
94. sion the device should be checked through due to possible concerns about the X ray unit in the main cabin The owner is responsible for ensuring that all requirements of the local jurisdiction where the X ray Tube XRF is to be used are followed To prevent inadvertent exposure of a member of the public in case the X ray Tube XRF Analyzer is lost or stolen the key should be maintained and shipped separately Principal Components of the TRACER III V 3 Principal Components of the TRACER III V 3 1 Principal TRACER Components PDA lock and 8 plunger Z PDA cradle Control panel ss Trigger Eyelet for wrist or shoulder strap Remote trigger cable port Figure 3 1 TRACER III V right side profile Issued 7 08 23 Supersedes New gt lt BRUKER Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER User Manual Canadian Version Serial port for connecting to the PDA or computer Power interlock TRACER i 3 Vacuum port Yellow LED indicates power on solid or error blinking Dual red LED indicates X rays on Figure 3 2 TRACER III V control panel Anl Stylus storage on top 3 2 Principal PDA Components ee Power button Universal Sync Connector port on bottom of PDA Reset Buttom on bottom of PDA Figure 3 3 iPAQ PDA Issued 7 08 24 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Vers
95. tings on the tubing are fully inserted onto the vacuum pump and TRACER III V and that the vacuum release port is in the closed position See section 4 2 4 on proper installation of the vacuum pump IMPORTANT FAILURE TO OPEN THE VACUUM RELEASE VALVE PRIOR TO REMOVING THE VACUUM TUBING FROM THE VACUUM PUMP OR THE INSTRUMENT WILL DAMAGE THE HIGHLY SENSITIVE SI PIN DETECTOR If there continue to be problems with the vacuum level ensure that the vacuum window is completely sealed and not punctured See section 4 2 2 for instructions on replacing the vacuum window 6 4 The yellow light on the control panel is blinking The yellow light on the control panel may blink due to several errors including e Battery Temperature Warning e High Danger Shut Down Not Permitted Turn off the PDA and instrument power section 5 6 Allow the unit to cool to operating temperatures 10C to 50C Turn the instrument on again and verify that the error has been reset yellow light no longer blinking If the yellow light continues to blink refer to the warranty information on how to return the instrument for evaluation 6 5 Theredlight on the control panel does not turn on If the red light on the control panel does not turn on when taking a measurement it is likely that the IR sensor has not been covered appropriately or is focused on a black surface As a safety measure if the IR sensor is not covered the X rays will not be generated when the trigger is pulled
96. tter the radiation emitted from a source before it reaches an individual As stated earlier different materials are more effective against certain types of radiation than others The shielding ability of a material also depends on its density or the weight of a material per unit of volume Example A cubic foot of lead is heavier than the same volume of concrete and so it would also be a better shield Although shielding may provide the best protection from radiation exposure there are still several precautions to keep in mind when using TRACER III V XRF devices Persons outside the shadow cast by the shield are not necessarily 10096 protected Note All persons not directly involved in operating the XRF should be kept at least three feet away A wall or partition may not be a safe shield for persons on the other side Scattered radiation may bounce around corners and reach nearby individuals whether or not they are directly in line with the test location Note The operator should ensure that there is no one on the other side of the wall when using an XRF Analyzer Issued 7 08 84 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Appendix D PXRF Spectrum Analysis Tools for the TRACER Quantification Calibration Method Taking Spectra 1 spectra to characterize the sample Issued 7 08 Open the PXRF Program Attach the TRACER to PC via the Serial USB cable provided
97. tup in the menu bar at the bottom of the screen The Setup screen will open as illustrated in Figure 4 22 Issued 7 08 Supersedes New TRACeR 15 96 Ser Z 42 1 48 Dk File save prefix Assay ID ID Time Secs Items Displayed Chemistry Error Digits Displayed Start End Match Range kev 31 68 Set Alloy Class File Setup About Figure 4 22 Setup screen 44 Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Setup Screen selections are as follows Autosave Mode when selected automatically saves test results for each test run File save prefix is used to assign file name information for a series of tests Assay ID enables the user to identify a specific assay test by a unique name or number ID Time sets the amount of time after a test is started before chemistry results are displayed Items Displayed selects the number of possible Grade IDs to display Chemistry Error selects display of an error for each calculated element weight 96 which is based on counting statistics Digits Displayed is self explanatory Match Range KeV is not changed by the user in most operation Set Alloy Class is used to select a calibration appropriate to the general alloy class of material being tested e g Iron alloys Cobalt alloys Nickel alloys Copper alloys etc When the appropriate selections are completed tap on OK at the top right area of the screen to retu
98. ty 15 to 30 days following the transfer if required Report the transfer of the instrument to Bruker AXS Handheld at 800 466 5323 or 509 783 9850 Issued 7 08 IV Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version TABLE OF CONTENTS TRACER OPERATOR RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 5 2 1 WHAT IS RADIATION 5 2 2 X RAY RADIATION FROM THE TRACER II V 5 2 3 HAND HELD XRF ANALYZER SAFETY 6 2 4 TRACER ANALYZER RADIATION PROFIEE nenne nettes ss 11 2 5 USING THE TRACER 16 2 6 RADIATION SAFETY TIPS FOR USING THE XRF ANALYZER a a 17 2 7 CORRECT TRACER III V POSITIONING n asnasan 20 2 8 JNCASBOEEBMERGENGY 21 2 9 LICENSE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS kn ese s ee e eset esse ke e ese sese sess setis 22 2 10 TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS a e oa ae EUR Eb eua i anb e bb ui a 22 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE TRACER IILV
99. wall outlet An orange LED on the top left of the PDA face will flash to indicate that the PDA battery is charging When the orange LED is on continuously the PDA battery is fully charged Issued 7 08 31 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version SII Figure 4 7 Charging the PDA with the cradle For more information on the PDA please refer to its operations manual Issued 7 08 32 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER User Manual Canadian Version 4 1 3 Vacuum Pump 4 1 3 1 A C Power To operate the vacuum pump on A C power plug the A C power supply into the port on the front of the vacuum pump connect the power cord to the A C power supply and then plug the power cord into a standard wall outlet Figure 4 8 Hooking up A C power to the vacuum pump 4 1 3 2 Battery Power Charging the Batteries The vacuum pump uses nickel metal hydride NiMH batteries Ensure that the instrument is off prior to removing the batteries To change the battery turn the three knobs approximately one quarter turn counterclockwise to remove the battery cover Unclip the white connector and pull the battery out of the compartment Figure 4 9 Removing the battery from the vacuum pump To charge the battery connect the battery to the universal smart battery charger Ensure that the switch is set to 1 8A Connect the battery charger and
100. y this device may be used as the worker s legal occupational extremity exposure A 12 Reducing Exposure ALARA Concept While dose limits and administrative control levels already ensure very low radiation doses it is possible to reduce these exposures even more The main goal of the ALARA program is to reduce ionizing radiation doses to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Achievable ALARA ALARA is designed to prevent unnecessary exposures to employees the public and to protect the environment It is the responsibility of all workers managers and safety personnel alike to ensure that radiation doses are maintained ALARA There are three basic practices to maintain external radiation ALARA Time Distance Shielding A 12 1 Time The first method of reducing exposure is to limit the amount of time spent in a radioactive area The shorter the time the lower the amount of exposure The effect of time on radiation could be stated as Dose Dose Rate x Time This means the less time you are exposed to ionizing radiation the smaller the dose you will receive Example If 1 hour of time in an area results in 1 mSv 100 mrem of radiation then 1 2 an hour results in 0 5 mSv 50 mrem 1 4 an hour would result in 0 25 mSv 25 mrem and so On A 12 2 Distance The second method for reducing exposure is by maintaining the maximum possible distance from the radiation source to the operator or member of the public Issued
101. years 250 All industry 74 Government 55 Service 47 Manufacturing 43 Trade 30 The comparison of health and industrial risks illustrates the fact that no matter what you do there is always some associated risk For every risk there is some benefit so you as the worker must weigh these risks and determine if the risk is worth the benefit Exposure to ionizing radiation is a consequence of the regular use of many beneficial materials services and products By learning to respect and work safely around radiation we can effectively manage our exposure Note based on US data only Issued 7 08 78 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version A 10 Radiation Dose Limits To minimize risks from the potential biological effects of radiation regulatory agencies and authorative bodies have established radiation dose limits for occupational workers These limits apply to those working under the provisions of a specific license or registration The limits described below have been developed based on information and guidance from the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP 1990 the Biological Effects of lonizing Radiation BEIR Committee the US Environmental Protection Agency EPA and the National Council of Radiation Protection NCRP For an XRF analyzer using an X ray tube as the source any requirement on dose limits for the operators would be established by the appropriat
102. zer Normal Operation Configuration Readings are in urem hr All other locations on side top bottom and back of the analyzer are background bkgd Readings taken with a Bicron Model RSO 50 E low energy ion chamber survey instrument Reference distances were measured from the effective center of the detector to the surface of the analyzer or sample The indicated readings were the maximum noted for the distances and locations Each reading was taken over a one minute period with the analyzer operating at approximately 10 uA and 40 kV with a Ti Al filter Note dose rates will vary based on current energy sample target collimator and windows Issued 7 08 Supersedes New Bruker AXS Handheld Inc TRACER III V User Manual Canadian Version Figure 2 9 Radiation Profile For 15 kV 15 no filter Al 2014 sample in beam Beam Line Background k E N Plane of Background Sample Hi d Surface d 30 cm j Backaround 5 I I l l 1 N N 1 Me 5 cm Fi J M E 2 X 5 4 x i j 30 cm r Background x Z Wawa e ai OS Background 100 cm lo Plane of Sample Surface Top View P Side View Figure 2 9 Dose rates for the Bruker TRACER III V XRF analyzer Normal Operation Configuration Readings are in urem

3. Principal Components of the TRACER III-V

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