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1. Restore Topology Connectivity Restores the topology and connectivity of the network model Connectivity Analysis Performs a connectivity analysis on the network Allows to check out disconnected areas 2 1 2 2 BUTTONS AND TOOLS These buttons tools provide shortcuts to commonly used operations ABOUT Shows information about the version of the extension and the authors IMPORT Opens the network importation dialog ADD GISRED THEME Opens the GISRed theme manager TOC MANAGER Opens the TOC Manager Dialog EDITING TOOLS Shows the editing tool bar associated with the current theme PROPERTIES Sets the Properties Edition Mode for the currently active theme NETWORK QUERIES Opens the network query dialog EXPORT TO EPANET Generates an EPANET input file NOTE ee evils 35 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GRUPO REDHISP UPV 2 1 2 3 NETWORK SCENARIO The main concept of the GISRed Extension is the scenario document The scenario is the object that will show all the graphical information stored in a relational database by means of two basic themes namely the node and link feature themes which are the foundations of what is expected to be the water network model The Network Scenario provides a planar schematic diagram of the objects comprising a water distribution network The location of objects and the distances between them do not necessarily have to conform to their actual physical scale even though it is cust
2. GISRED v1 0 WATER DISTRIBUTION MODEL BUILDER EXTENSION USER S MANUAL Se 40 q XGI S Red 7 ape ee A cer robe My ay E 10 GISRed 1 0 EXTENSION by Hugo J Bartolin GISRed Water Distribution Model Builder Extension v1 0 an integration of ArcView GIS 3 x ESRI and Epanet v2 0 build 2 00 10 USEPA Directed by Femando Martinez Alzamora fmartine dihma upv es Developed by Hugo J Bartolin hbartoli dihma upv es Fo REDHISP EAS REDHISP Group http www redhisp upv es Institute of Waterand Environmental Engineering Polytechnic University of Valencia Valencia Spain March 2004 Az REDHISP TABLE OF CONTENTS WHAT IS THE GISRED EXTENSION iii rra 7 INSTALLATION ocurrir it 8 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS usada crab 9 1 1 PIARD WARE corser oei aE depre pico capa dcia co tis vado ociosa 9 1 2 ETNA E oo esac ce seedevasueescueeseu sesecceraaness 9 EXTENSION LOADING s cote dencitveniacleeestiaietnaiuenee ciel EA A a 10 STEPS IN USING GISRED cios ci 11 ABOUT THIS MANU Ab circa EE 12 CHAPTER 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL iia is 13 1 1 EXAMPLE NETWORK assi terier e CE a EEEE taaan 13 1 2 PROJEGT SETUP caseras E EEEE A E ETETA 13 1 3 DRAWING THE NETWORK cotesascarrs end AEE ETE AES 15 1 4 REPOSITIONING OBJECTS sordera 17 1 5 SETUNG PROPER TE Sos aaa 18 1 5 1 Setting Node Properties ooooooccoocccoocccnncconccconocconocooooronoccorocronoconos 18 1 5 2 Setting Link Properties ccc cceeccccescceecccessceesccee
3. Y Calibration Configuration Name NAHE CONFIGURATION 1 CREATOR Hugo Bartolin DATE Monday 26 August 2008 223653 PATH EA ATT Cabras EPAMET FILE CA JANT TOWN argo mp DESCRIPTION Hetrork Model Callsration Example Arbor Afabsks el al 1387 Dietas xx We have a new calibration configuration points out y CUES Elevation Interpolation Demand Allocation J Calibration Administrator Queres Restore Topology Connectivity Connectivity Fig 88 Calibration menu bar options it ne at a time By using the menu bar see Fig 88 user will be prompted with the dialogs of the selected 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION 147 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV Notice that only the button Input Files is active But before going on with the creation of the calibration input files the network must be grouped Thus exit the calibration manager and continue with the next section 17 4 GROUPING THE NETWORK At this point we are ready to group the network pipes The grouping may be carried out in two possible ways 1 By using the ArcView tool E to select the pipes manually 2 By means of particular queries For this you have to use the Query Builder tool that ArcView provides S For instance you might want to make a query to select all those pipes of the network whose diameter is lower than 300 and high
4. gt New Calibration Configuration Config Name l a FIELD DATA GROUPS Eu DA Parameters Fig 82 New Calibration Configuration Before accepting we are going to enter the rest of the parameters required to make up the calibration configuration 3 Now select Loading Cond to open the dialog form In our example the duration of the simulation is 24 hours Select all of them by default if none of them is selected GISRed assumes all of them are to be included in the analysis Note to select more than one hour use the shift key 143 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV Loading Conditions Choose Fe raian of ime bm hack pou woud like bo calibrabe 4 Press Field Data Since there are just head measurements ava from the Head section Fill in the gaps as shown in the next fig a a Fig 84 Importing Field Data 144 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION After the importation the main field data dialog should look like this 7 Field Data E x Flow Diata Locsin Head Dais Locabon Barna EEPSNETAN TOMAN Cabo Carl Head ch NUM WEIGHT Aw HEAD o Notice the check marks that appear the user to activate deaect will be used for validation pt h One of the measurement points They allow surement If deactivated it means the measurement PeR GROUP ID PRIOR ESTIMATE Weight 1 140 0 00 2 60
5. 1 7 ADDING A PUMP CURVE 1 For the pump we need to assign it a pump curve head versus flow relationship 2 Select the pump keeping the node theme active and having pressed the model properties tool beforehand to open the dialog Since no curves have been entered press the button beside the Pump Curve dropdown list to open the curve editor and enter the new curve E PUMP PROPER TIES 3 xi Pum PUMP ed Ml A Pum PUNF E 1 7 State nd Sucker PUMPUpS Dae orna lye 210 im Discharge PUMPDw5 Descp Espe Hox Ele 210 m a Speed Pa EE ERoercy Ss Eme Lorre rT ol Enero 0 Peer mul Fig 13 Quick Tutorial Pump Properties 3 Once opened select New Curve and enter a name for the curve Pumpl is the default name Enter then the pump s design flow 38 lps and head 45 m into the table form GISRed will automatically create a complete pump curve from this single point The curve s equation is shown along with its shape is the Show button is pressed Accept the curve to go back to the initial dialog T hep Pump Corse Fig 14 Quick Tutorial Adding a Pump Curve 4 Press return to pass the curve to the pump property editor dialog The Pump1 curve will appear in the dropdown list 21 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV 1 8 SAVING AND OPENING PROJECTS Even though it is not strictly necessary to save the GISRed project since any change in our model is au
6. NOTE As the overview map is actually a view document all the tools of this document may apply to this general view of the network zoom pan etc 58 CHAPTER 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO Importing a water distribution network CAD file appears to be a very important part of the model making process because generally most of the companies involved with the management of water distribution utilities have their information diversified CAD drawings GIS coverages etc and in addition the structure of the data source is in most cases incompatible with the configuration pursued Hence import tools allow to capture and convert the majority of most commonly used formats to a unique structure This is possible with the tools that a GIS offers along with customized built in import applications Because not only is it a matter of capturing and redirecting data but also a matter of debugging and adjusting all database records additional checking modules have been developed in GISRed for that purpose using the powerful spatial analysis options of ArcView GIS gt To import a network 1 Make the Link Theme active 2 Select Scenario Import Add or alternatively click the button 1 E The following dialog will appear SHAPE Files f GIS coverages C Epanet INPUT Files C GlSRed Project OR Cancel Fig 39 Selecting the type of data to import 3 Select the type of data you want to import or add to yo
7. eve ta a UB Se Ae Fig 78 Viewing Results on the Scenario Using the Browser of Results the user can choose a parameter Cs Browser X for nodes Demand Head Pressure and Quality and a ay 7 parameter for links Flow Velocity and Unit Headloss to be Nodes graphically represented at a specific period of time on the scenario A new theme of nodes is added to the TOC when the Pressure user chooses any node parameter If the user changes the nee parameter for nodes the theme will be automatically updated ae with the new parameter and values Additionally the theme is Flow zi updated with the results of the period of time chosen either with the time list or with the slider The same applies for link parameters Note that these themes are temporary themes s00 zj Clones of the original node and link themes but Classified by a pa m ib chosen parameter at a period of time AAA O Time To hide the result theme choose the No View option in the list save Theme of parameters automatically the application will remove the corresponding theme from the TOC To make a theme of results a permanent theme press the Save Theme button and give a name for the theme in the window that appears The scenario s colouring will be updated as a new time period is selected in the Browser slider control 134 16 NETWORK SIMULATION To close the browser click the button of the browser window If a si
8. 2 Pattern Editor Category Demand x Pattern Description Pattern IC AI General Default Demand Pattern 6 7 85 9 10 11 032 085 107 096 11 1 08 a 5 0 76 4 1 44 1 34 1 1 34 Time Period 1 46 Hide Patt Time Period 1 00 hs Avg 1 07 New Clone Del Edit Save E wit Fig 53 GISRed Pattern Editor NOTES o To insert a new multiplier in an existing pattern select a multiplier and press A gap will be inserted immediately after the selected multiplier Enter the new multiplier Place the cursor in the last time period to go on with the edition a To remove a multiplier select the multiplier to be removed and press w The multiplier will be removed and the time periods reordered Place the cursor in the last time period to go on with the edition a The average value is updated as multipliers are entered a You can also click the Load button to load in pattern data that was previously saved to file Patterns saved from EPANET can be loaded in GISRed and vice versa a To see a chart of the pattern press the button SHOW PATT Automatically this button turns to HIDE PATT Press again to hide the chart view If the chart view is opened as multipliers are entered the preview chart is redrawn to provide a visual depiction of the pattern gt To Clone a pattern 1 Select the pattern to Clone Category amp Pattern 92
9. Coefficient junction The coefficient represents the flow in current flow units that occurs at a pressure drop of 1 psi or meter Leave blank if no emitter is present See the Emitters explanation below for more details Exponent Power to which pressure is raised when computing the flow through an emitter device The textbook value for nozzles and sprinklers is Y This may not apply to pipe leakage QUALITY MODEL Initial Quality Water quality level at the junction at the start of the simulation period Can be left blank if no water quality analysis is being made or if the level is zero Source The Source checkbox is used to describe the quality of source flow entering the network at a specific node This source might represent the main treatment works a well head or satellite treatment facility or an unwanted contaminant intrusion Check this property to specify a source at that junction Source Type A water quality source can be designated as a concentration or booster source A concentration source fixes the concentration of any external inflow entering the network such as flow from a reservoir or from a negative demand placed at a junction A mass booster source adds a fixed mass flow to that entering the node from other points in the network A flow paced booster source adds a fixed concentration to that resulting from the mixing of all inflow to the node from other points in the network A setpoint booster source f
10. Data Import from different sources such as CAD files EPANET files Arcinfo coverages Interpolation of elevations at each node Demand allocation at selected nodes Network calibration using a Genetic Algorithm search method Definition of as many calibration configurations as required Running extended period simulations and retrieving the results showing them on the scenario Network queries and see the results in a specific featured theme Checking the connectivity of the network based upon graph theory algorithms INSTALLATION Where to download GISRed Extension A trial version of GISRed Extension can be downloaded from the REDHISP Group web page The URL is http www redhisp upv es software GISRed An executable file is available ready to be installed The installation process is very straightforward and takes just a few seconds In order to install the extension run the executable file following the entire installer wizard When the installer prompts the user to select the installation path the user should enter ArcView s EXT32 folder path By default this path is c ESRI av_gis30 arcview EXT 32 It is possible to make a customized installation selecting just those components needed examples tutorials By default all components will be installed If the full installation is chosen the installation program places a file called GISRed avx and a folder called GISRED on your system in the SAVEXT dir
11. bottom elevation that will be maintained The tank will not be allowed to rise above this level This is a required property Minimum Volume The volume of water in the tank when it is at its minimum level in cubic feet cubic meters This is an optional property useful mainly for describing the bottom geometry of non cylindrical tanks where a full volume versus depth curve will not be supplied see below QUALITY MODEL Mixing Model The type of water quality mixing that occurs within the tank The choices include MIXED fully mixed 2COMP two compartment mixing FIFO first in first out plug flow LIFO last in first out plug flow See the Mixing in Storage Tanks topic below for more information Mixing Fraction The fraction of the tank s total volume that comprises the inlet outlet compartment of the two compartment 2COMP mixing model This property is only specified when the 2COMP mixing model is chosen Can be left blank if another type of mixing model is employed Initial Quality Water quality level at the tank at the start of the simulation period Can be left blank if no water quality analysis is being made or if the level is zero Bulk Reaction The bulk reaction coefficient for chemical reactions in the tank Coefficient Time units are 1 days Use a positive value for growth reactions and a negative value for decay Leave blank if the Global Bulk reaction coefficient specified in the project s R
12. A new project is created with all options set to their default values NOTE A new unnamed project is automatically created whenever ArcView GIS first begins The ArcView Project comprises all documents in a session namely all views layouts tables etc of the current session An ArcView project is saved to a structured text file with the extension apr An GISRed project does not need to be saved since any change in the database is automatically committed However if the user wants to keep the whole working session as is scenarios views layouts scripts tables customizations etc to be used later on it is necessary to save the whole project in a ArcView apr file To save an ArcView session GISRed scenarios included on disk 1 Select File Save Project As 2 Specify a path and a name for the project 3 The Project will be stored on disk with the extension apr as a conventional ArcView project To open an existing apr project stored on disk 1 Open ArcView 2 Either select File Open Project from the Menu Bar or click on the Standard Toolbar Select the file to open from the Open File dialog form that will appear 4 Click OK to close the dialog and open the selected file WW 39 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJECTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 3 3 PROJECT DEFAULTS Each GISRed project has a set of default values that are used unless overridden by the user These values fall into three catego
13. Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig REDHISP A TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Loading GISRed Extension arto din 10 ya A In EEEE E TAE 10 3 GISRed Model Building Process Flowchart sssessesessescesescesesceseecescesseseeceseese 11 4 Quick Tutorial Example Network ssssssesesoesesseseecesoesescesesoeseecesceseseecesoeseeo 13 5 Quick Tutorial New Project Dialog sessesessesessesosscescescscesceeccsceseecescesceseeeee 14 6 Quick Tutorial Defaults Dialog sssessesesseseesescesesceseecesoesescesesoeseecesceeeseeee 14 7 Quick Tutorial Pipe Editing TOols ccc cece cece cece cence ceeeceeesceeesceeccceeeeeeeecs 15 8 Quick Tutorial Node Editing Tools ccc cece cence cece ceeeccceeeceecceesseteesceeeeceees 16 9 Quick Tutorial Editing pipe vertices ccc cece cence cence cece ceeeceeeeeteescteeceeeess 17 10 Quick Tutorial Junction Properties ccc ec ceeecceeccceesceeecceessceesceeescesesces 19 11 Quick Tutorial Pipe Properties oooocoooccoooccoroccnncccnocconrcconooronocroncconn oros 20 12 Quick Tutorial Network QUerles cc ccc cece ce cece cece ccc ccc cececececcccecececececeeeucs 20 13 Quick Tutorial Pump Properties cccccecceccccccscccccccecccecescuseccessccecsoseeses 21 14 Quick Tutorial Adding a PUMP Curve cece cece ccc eecceeeeceeeceeeeceesc
14. Laurini R Thompson D 1992 Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems Academic Press Ltd Macke S 2001 DC Water Design Extension Dorsch Consult May 2001 http dcwaterdesign sourceforge net Macke S Battermann A 2001 A Strategy to Reduce Technical Water Losses for Intermittent Water Supply Systems Thesis Mart nez F Garc a G mez C 1998 Integraci n del programa Epanet para el an lisis de redes de distribuci n de agua en ArcView 3 0 VII Conferencia Nacional de usuarios ESRI Madrid 167 REFERENCES NEOS 1996 Server for optimization http www neos mcs anl gov neos Razavi A H 1997 ArcView GIS Avenue Developer s Guide Second Edition OnWord Press Razavi A H Warwick V 1997 ArcView GIS Avenue Programmer s Reference Second Edition OnWord Press Rossman L 2000 Epanet 2 User s Manual Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA http www epa gov ORD NRMRL wswrd epanet html White C 2001 Using GIS to implement hierarchical organization in water distribution system simulation models 20th Annual ESRI Conference San Diego 168
15. The curve will be removed from the list gt To Save a curve 98 Pe oe Select the curve to save Type amp Curve Press Save Enter a name for the curve The curve will be saved in a text file with extension crv CHAPTER 9 CONTROLS Controls are statements that determine how the network is operated over time They specify the status of selected links as a function of time tank water levels and pressures at selected points within the network There are two categories of controls that can be used Simple Controls Rule Based Controls To define controls in GISRed Select Edit Model Controls The Control Rules dialog appears Choose the category of controls you want to define Press OK LUN 2 Control Rules Control Rules Rule Based Controls Fig 55 Control Rules Dialog 9 1 SIMPLE CONTROLS Simple controls change the status or setting of a link based on the water level in a tank the pressure at a junction the time into the simulation the time of day They are statements expressed in one of the following three formats LINK linkID status IF NODE nodeID ABOVE BELOW value LINK linkID status AT TIME time LINK linkID status AT CLOCKTIME clocktime AM PM where linkID alink ID label status OPEN or CLOSED a pump speed setting or a control valve setting nodelD anode ID label value a pressure for a junction or a water level for a tank time atime s
16. from the GISRed tool bar The dialog of the next figure is opened Choose the type of theme you want to create from the category list Enter a name for the theme Enter a description optional Press OK he new theme will be created in the database and added to the TOC 2 New Theme in Trial Network E k ce xj Mame Categor Enter a name Steets mel Description Devices without Topology A Enter a description Road Segments Fig 61 Adding a new GISRed Theme List of customized themes that can be added to the scenario 112 PIPES WITHOUT TOPOLOGY Pipe theme polyline type used to add pipes which are not linked to the network model This theme does not manage any topology The attribute table associated to the theme contains fields such as sector zone manufacturer material nominal diameter internal diameter external diameter installation date owner street it belongs to etc DEVICES WITHOUT TOPOLOGY Device theme point type used to represent elements such as hydrants shut off valves etc which are not linked to the network model This theme does not manage any topology The attribute table associated to the theme contains fields such as sector zone manufacturer angle etc ROAD SEGMENTS Special polyline theme that contains the necessary matchable address attributes for geocoding lt can be used to generate routes and perform network analysis as well as build street segments for locating
17. 133 16 1 EXPORTING EPANET INPUT FILES 0 ccc ccc cee ccc cee cece cnc ceccecceecesceeecs 133 16 2 RUNNING AN ANALYSIS seriisansnica rasa ibas 133 16 3 VIEWING RESULTS ON THE SCENARIO 0 ccc cece eee c cece cece ec cec cee ceecesceeecs 134 CHAPTER 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION ccccccccucnucneeuecuenuseeeuesuesues 137 71 INTRODUCTION sare ose se fae esate es antec eet ae coords 137 17 2 NETWORK PROPERTIES coosoiiisaauasi sica 138 17 3 CALIBRATION PROCESS oscars ec 142 17 4 GROUPING THE NETWORK ocoocccoccoccocccoccnccnccnoconccoccnocooconccoccoorcoccoconocs 148 17 5 CALIBRATION INPUT FILES cosrssstassanndario ino one tato 149 17 6 RUNNING A CALIBRATION AND IMPORTING RESULTS ocoocooccoccooccccccccnccnocoo 149 17 7 VIEWING CALIBRATION RESULTS siconsiici nin idea 150 17 7 1 STATISTICS Refer to Z Kapelan thesis 2002 oooocoooocccoccoroccomoc s 153 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY ccccuccuccccuscuceuscueeueuueueeuseuseueuusuuguggy 157 A 1 GENERAL GENETIC ALGORITHM CONCEPT cccccceccecccccccccceccecseceececseccecsecsecescs 157 A 2 GENETIC ALGORITHM YPES sins 0 t v0tosseaidnewbhiaenseonwapadeestusentdeniwesudebteesdcpasasaawes 158 A 2 1 AAA IIA 158 A 2 2 Generational GA coacciones 158 A 3 SELECTION TECANIQUES Sumario dada dis 158 A 3 1 UNO RandO Mesias teds 159 A 3 2 o APP 159 A 3 3 ROUES WICE coses aia 159 A 3 4 WORN GINEINE ssicucrissroro iio ratcaaiaton s 159 A
18. 2 very close pipes and the connectivity degree at that node is only one Topological Connectivity Checks those points at which there might be topological inconsistencies This option is usually used after an importation process The process is exactly the same as the previous one but it checks the topology of the nodes and pipes involved FROM node amp TO node if the topology is correct it goes on with the process Node ID Checks if there is some node ID missing Non Classified Node Not available used in a previous version 115 12 NETWORK TOOLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV Nodes created during During the shapefile importation process every time a line is the importation imported the end nodes are created automatically by the application to preserve the topology distinguishable by the attribute NodetypelD 99 There is an option in the shapefile importation dialog to compare the nodes that were created automatically against another node theme Those nodes that did not match within a tolerance after the comparison can be detected by this option M LINK VERIFICATION OPTIONS Link ID Checks if there is any pipe ID missing Start End Node ID Checks if either the start or the end node ID of a pipe are missing Start End Checks if a pipe starts and ends at the same point same starting and ending node Compare Connectivity Length Checks if there are pipes with no length defined Roughness Checks if there are pipes with
19. Idem 55 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV LI Aa E A EA El P J alti E r a ee P CO NOS Ee Fig 37 First image to the Catalog Tic Selection Dialog 11 Press OK to create the image catalog and add it to the scenario Now it is possible to use the image as a reference to add pipes and other elements of the network 3 dl a L lo O e fi JA BS lie P if ingg TE BE Mizil IFA ro ati Fig 38 Image Catalog Theme 56 4 8 1 ADDING AN IMAGE TO AN IMAGE CATALOG 1 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS Once the image catalog is created it is possible to add more images to it gt To add a new image to the image catalog Make the image catalog active in the TOC Open the image toolbar To do this select Edit Model Editing Tools or click the button or use the popup menu The application asks for a new image to be added to the Catalog Once the user chooses the image file the image is opened in a new view and the Tic Selection Dialog shows up Now the user has to enter the matching points between the new image of the view and the scenario To do that 4 A 4 8 2 DELETING AN IMAGE FROM AN IMAGE CATALOG Click the first point on the view The Tic Selection dialog shows the coordinates of the selected point It is possible to type the coordinates directly on the dialog Click the first point on the scenario Idem Click the second point on the view Idem Click the second point on th
20. N Flows Nic E Wij H H y F Wo Q O y a E i l j l i l j l AA where E Fitness dimensionless H Measured Head H Predicted Head Q Measured Flow Q Predicted a m for ulated as a constrained optimization problem of weighted least hat is Minimise E subject to a particular set of nodal demands loading ad known boundary conditions reservoir tank heads pump valve status d this particular example the terms of flows and decision variable prior estimates are neglected since we are not considering flow measurements and the weights for all decision variables are set to 0 To see the entire set of results press the button View Results in the calibration manager The following dialog gets opened up 150 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION i Calibration Results x Scenario nylown Exit Calibration Configuration Name CONFIGURATION 1 Hajja Obiective Function Value 0 5302 e Calibration Results FESTIM GARESULT ST DEV F Graph 0 287276 0 006 Commit Yalues Other Parameters 0304240 0 004 0840417 0 009 Flow Head NO DATA Graph o fh Cont Intervals __ Residuals MT Conf Intervals 2 Field Data lts to see the graph The two next graphics show the nents for each loading condition without and with ph check the Conf Intervals to see the confidence intervals along The last graph depicts the residual values
21. Network tree and Co tree vaina 118 68 Elevation Interpolation Theme of Elevations oooooooccooocccrcconrcccnccconoco nos 120 69 Elevation Interpolation Interpolation Surface ooocoooccoroccorccccrccconccana crono 121 70 Elevation Interpolation Dialog cece cece ec ccceccceesccescceesceeesceessceesseeesceees 122 71 Demand Allocation CONSUMPTION Table ccc cece ccc cece eccceeeeceesceecceecceees 123 72 Demand Allocation Dialog cece ec ceeccceescceeccceecceeeceeesceeesceeesceesseeesceees 124 73 Demand Allocation Node Road Segment Relation Theme cceeccceccceeeceees 124 74 Demand Allocation Report WiINdOW ceccceccccecccceesceeccceeceeeesceeseeeeceeees 125 TO ANALYSIS ODUIONS DIALOO iaa des 127 76 Epanet Report WINdOW sis vesedabs we dl iw las 133 77 Viewing Results on the Scenario cceeccceccccccccescccescceesceeescesssceesseeesceees 134 78 ANYTOWA NetWork Layout ondas AAA iia 137 79 Calibration Example Demand Pattern ccc ccc ce ccc ceecceeccceesceeecceececeecceees 141 80 GISRed Calibration Process Flowchart ccescccceeccccceeccceeecccceeeeeseeseeees 142 81 New Calibration Configuration cccscccccccccscccescceesceeesceessceesseeescesesees 143 82 Loading Conditions DialOS aida is 144 83 Importine Field Data siii 144 84 Field Data after the importati0N ooooooocccoocccnrcccnocconocconoccooocconoconoocos 145 So GA Para
22. TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV 1 13 RUNNING AN EXTENDED PERIOD SIMULATION We are now ready to run the extended period hydraulic analysis Once again select Scenario Export Epanet Input File or click the button EJ Once the File has been successfully created select Scenario Run Analysis and choose the file that is just been made For extended period analysis you can select the time at which you want to see the results To do that use the dropdown list or simply press the buttons of the slide control For example to see pressure and flow results 1 Choose Pressure in the Nodes dropdown list Notice how a new temporal node theme appears on the TOC of the scenario 2 Choose Flow in the Links dropdown list Notice how a new temporal link theme appears on the TOC of the scenario 3 Select a different time either from the dropdown list or from the slider Notice how the result themes of the scenario update their values 4 To make a temporary result theme permanent use the Save Theme button This will allow you to save a specific set of results to a permanent theme Note the periodic behavior of the water elevation in the tank over time 1 14 OTHER THINGS We have only touched the surface of GISRed d s capabilities Some additional features of the extension that you should experiment with are Editing any property for a group of selected objects Using Control statements to base pump operation on t
23. U1 7 PATTERNS Press Clone An exact copy of the pattern will be created ready to be edited A default pattern ID is suggested The way to operate at this point is just as described before When finished editing click the OK button to accept the pattern or the Cancel button to cancel your entries gt To Edit a pattern O K WN Select the pattern to Edit Category amp Pattern Press Edit The pattern will enter in editing mode Make the necessary changes When finished editing click the OK button to accept the pattern or the Cancel button to cancel your entries gt To Delete a pattern ils 2 3 Select the pattern to delete Category amp Pattern Press Del The pattern will be removed from the list gt To Save a pattern LUN Select the pattern to save Category amp Pattern Press Save Enter a name for the pattern The pattern will be saved in a text file with extension pat 93 CHAPTER 8 CURVES Curves are objects that contain data pairs representing a relationship between two quantities Two or more objects can share the same curve An GISRed model can utilize the following types of curves Pump Curve Efficiency Curve Volume Curve Head Loss Curve PUMP CURVE A Pump Curve represents the relationship between the head and flow rate that a pump can deliver at its nominal speed setting Head is the head gain imparted to the water by t
24. are calculated based upon the interpolation surface The user can check the elevation values once the process is finished by editing the properties of the nodes 122 CHAPTER 14 DEMAND ALLOCATION The demand allocation in a water distribution system is usually one of the most important and critical tasks when modeling a real network to such an extent that it is customary amp gt advantage of the capabilities of GIS packages to cope with it Since this process is m P d based on spatial operations it is very common to use external tables containing cepsumption s data in conjunction with the spatial information available in the GIS In this regard GISR d streets to the nearest demand node in the water distrib gior h that are going to be taken ene the pro s are oP Suen aetna imp suped by streets It is a dbf table specifying in le or StreetID the Street Identifier number and in the rest f el he total consumption per year or the consumption every 2 E nt hs pi y c Sumption The consumption must be in cubic meters mi ns tab of ES MEE A Aiat ES SS ee 175 eol 15101 ace 109 688 287 ZENS 1758 44 EB Ha 550 azal bea 403 1800 s BS Sa 763 556 813 A sy 1801 15a 20 177 185 163 23 Z e 1802 20 F 308 222 49 1726 F Period 2 months Fig 72 Demand Allocation Consumption Table Register the table of consumptions into the Master Table gt To begin with the demand
25. composite scaled sensitivities are candidates for splitting into two or more parameters providing that they represent initially grouped parameters while those with small values are candidates for either omitting from calibration or grouping with other parameters Composite scaled sensitivities can also be used to indicate contribution of the potential new observation data gt OBJECTIVE FUNCTION The objective function is the fundamental statistic used to assess overall calibration model fit Weighted least squares objective function see the note earlier on Sample component of objective function value Prior estimate component of objective function value Maximum Likelihood Objective Function Value Another alternative to a weighted least squares objective is the maximum likelihood objective By definition likelihood L is the probability of occurrence of a specific instance of residuals r Assuming independent and normally distributed residuals likelihood is defined as follows Carrera et al 1986a E 1 1 L det 27C 2 e where C generalised error covariance matrix see above det matrix determinant operator 153 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 154 Root Mean Square Error RMSE observations y predictions n number of observations Number of Degrees of Freedom v N N Na where N is the number of sampled observations N is the number of prior estimates and N
26. eccceeeeceeecceeeceeesceeeeeeeeeeeecceees 48 31 Selecting features USING graphics cceccccccccceccccccccessceeeceeesceeesceeesceesceees 50 32 MOVING ANOS orar ir oia 52 33 MOGIIVING Pipe VayOUl anctcustedsnaaeiseeescacaueseadeceddaceuaaeoasuecncseencecsstatunaesectenss 53 SAC ONMCCUING PIDO seras dancer eeasn nae T EE 94 35 Creating a T connection ooooooooccoocoocccrcconcconcroncroncrorororororororroooroooconocoso 94 36 Adding an image catalog to the scenario ssssseseeseecescssescecesoesesceeesoeseeceeee 55 37 First image to the Catalog Tic Selection Dialog ccc ccc eee ce cece eee ceeeeceeeceees 56 38 Image Catalog Theme cccccccccccccccescceescceesceeesceeesceeeseeesseeesceeescesescess 56 39 Selecting the type of data to iIMport ccc cece cc cee scene cceeccceesceeecceesseeesceees 59 40 CAD Importation Dialog cece cece cece eee c ee cece eecceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeesceeeseeeesees 61 41 Applying a Coordinate Transformation cccccecccceccceeccceecceececeecccesceeeesess 63 42 Shapefile Importation Dialog ccc cce ccc ceeccceecccescceesceeecceesseeesceeesceeesces 64 AETV OL Wa VIS AON aint aan osas 66 44 Importing an EPANET input file 0 cee cece cece eee nce eeeeceeeceeeseeeesceeseeeesees 67 45 Junction Properties sac cencccesaneciens rad stc 70 46 Reservoir Properties ccccecccncccesccecceecceecceecceeceesceesceesceesceecceecceesceeces 73 4
27. es E A RTS ie eel lat E i ie CE m a rj i E i om a cm ose x e om Te S t aik y i i Fig 70 Elevation Interpolation Interpolation Surface 8 To create a permanent grid make active the temporary surface that was generated and select Theme Convert to Grid 9 Give a name Grid for instance and a path for the theme 10 A new grid will be created Press Yes when ArcView asks you to add the theme to the view Now the surface theme must be copied to the scenario before going forward to the interpolation process 11 Make active the surface theme in the view 12 Select Edit Copy Themes from the menu bar 13 Activate the scenario window 14 Select Edit Paste Once the GRID is generated the GISRed Elevation Interpolation dialog can be used 15 Select Model Tools Elevation Interpolation 121 13 ELEVATION INTERPOLATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 16 The following dialog appears 2 NODE ELEYATION INTERPOLATION Model Nodes Theme Select how to interpolate the elevation Point Theme T Elevation Field Num Meighbors 3 Initial A adius 20 Interpolate Cancelar Fig 71 Elevation Interpolation Dialog The first field within the dialog is non editable and corresponds to the node theme of the network 17 Choose the grid theme to use in the second field 18 Press Interpolate Automatically the elevations at each network node
28. higher the likelihood that a higher ranked individual is chosen Bias 4 Bias 1 R Selection Population Count Bias Bias 4 Bias 1 Random ze Bias 1 For example for a population count of 10 the table below gives the chosen individual given a certain random number 0 479743 and various Bias values Bes GB Chosenndwidval 7 p iSO Note this equation falls over as does the whole GA if a bias of 1 is used A 3 3 Roulette Wheel Each individual is assigned a probability of selection or section of a roulette wheel according to the ratio of its fitness over the total fitnesses of the entire population This roulette wheel is then spun to determine the selected individual The higher the individual s fitness the larger the proportion of the wheel it is assigned and greater the chance that it undertakes mating This process can be represented mathematically as where P is the probability that individual is selected f is the fitness of individual i One of the weaknesses of this method is when the population especially in later generations consists of a number of individuals that have very similar fitness values In this case roulette wheel selection will not have a constant selection pressure as the selection becomes a purely stochastic approach unless a scaling function is utilised Goldberg and Deb 1990 A 3 4 Tournament Tournament selection involves the random selection of a desi
29. is the number of unknown calibration parameters Calculated Error Variance Defined as s E v where s is the standard regression error E is the objective function value and vis the number of degrees of freedom of the calibration model If the fit achieved by regression is consistent with the observed data accuracy reflected in weighting W the expected value of s and s is one Significant deviations of the calculated error variance from one indicate that the fit is not consistent with the weighting scheme In practice value of s is typically larger than one indicating usually the presence of model and measurement error s or larger than expected measurement error s If value of the s is smaller than one it usually indicates existence of smaller than expected measurement errors Obviously in the general case when Wzl s is a dimensionless number In the special case when weights are not used W l ordinary least squares s has same units as the measurement errors Calculated Standard Error ur or where ur is the average weighted residual or is the standard deviation spread of residual It is used to indicate in relative terms how accurate the fit is in an ideal case the value should be equal to zero in practice usually less than a factor which is of the order of magnitude 10 Natural log of the param covariance matrix determ Parameter Confidence Region Dimension Parameter confidence region addresses the probab
30. it sends its overflow to the second compartment where it completely mixes with the water already stored there When water leaves the tank it exits from the first compartment which if full receives an equivalent amount of water from the second compartment to make up the difference The first compartment is capable of simulating short circuiting between inflow and outflow while the second compartment can represent dead zones The user must supply a single parameter which is the fraction of the total tank volume devoted to the first compartment The FIFO Plug Flow model Figure c assumes that there is no mixing of water at all during its residence time in a tank Water parcels move through the tank in a segregated fashion where the first parcel to enter is also the first to leave Physically speaking this model is most appropriate for baffled tanks that operate with simultaneous inflow and outflow There are no additional parameters needed to describe this mixing model The LIFO Plug Flow model Figure d also assumes that there is no mixing between parcels of water that enter a tank However in contrast to FIFO Plug Flow the water parcels stack up one on top of another where water enters and leaves the tank on the bottom This type of model might apply to a tall narrow standpipe with an inlet outlet pipe at the bottom and a low momentum inflow It requires no additional parameters be provided 78 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES i
31. it possible GISRed generates an ODB file stored in the database which contains all the details of all themes in the scenario There are three ways to open the TOC Theme Manager 1 Selecting Scenario TOC Manager from the menu bar 2 Pressing in the GISRed tool bar 3 Using the popup menu on the scenario Right clicking and selecting TOC Manager The theme manager is shown in the next figure 2 TOC Theme Manager of Trial Network Pi THEME NAME CATEGORY SOURCE TYPE af Building Blocks EXTERMAL Arcview lt 18 af LINES of Trial Network MODEL AVEPA owe af NODES of Trial Network MODEL AVEPA Streets FAO SGMNT AVERSA af Surface GRID Arc lew GRID Description Road Segment Theme TOC Manage Ok Fig 60 GISRed TOC Theme Manager 110 10 GISRED TOC THEME MANAGER The TOC Theme Manager shows a list of the themes which are currently on the scenario table of contents those themes toggled on and also those themes that were added to the scenario and removed from it at some later time those themes toggled off A series of information is given for each theme ao ON M OFF LJ The mark indicates that the theme is visible in the TOC If the mark is off the theme exists on disk but is not on the TOC O Theme Name Name of the theme a Category Type of Theme There are several types of themes The EXTERNAL category indicates that the theme is a general shapefile wit
32. its border back to the right again 109 10 GISRED TOC THEME MANAGER GRUPO REDHISP UPV Hiding a theme s legend The Table of Contents normally shows the legend of each theme in the scenario view However you can save space in the Table of Contents by hiding legends This is especially useful when a scenario view contains many themes To hide a theme s legend make the theme active and then choose Hide Show Legend from the Theme menu When a legend is hidden the name of the theme and its check box remain visible Cutting copying and pasting themes You can copy and paste themes back into the same scenario view or into another scenario view To remove a theme from a scenario view simply cut it from the Table of Contents The scenario view will automatically redraw without the theme you cut Choose TOC Style from the View menu to change display settings such as line flatness symbol length and text symbol for the TOCs in all scenarios views in your project 10 2 TOC THEME MANAGER On the other hand GlSRed offers a special dialog to manage the themes which are displayed in a scenario This manager allows the user to show hide themes in the TOC preserving the current legend In this way the user can add themes to the TOC general ArcView themes or GISRed custom built themes modify their legends and remove other themes without losing the legend associated to them as well as other relevant information attached to the theme To make
33. more details Status Report Amount of status information to report after an analysis is made Choices are eNONE no status reporting eYES normal status reporting lists all changes in link status throughout the simulation eFULL full reporting normal reporting plus the convergence error from each trial of the hydraulic analysis made in each time period Full status reporting is only useful for debugging purposes 15 1 2 Water Quality Options Water Quality Options control how the water quality analysis is carried out They consist of the following OPTION Parameter Mass Units Trace Node Relative Diffusivity Quality Tolerance DESCRIPTION Type of water quality parameter being modeled Choices include e NONE no quality analysis e CHEMICAL compute chemical concentration e AGE compute water age e TRACE trace the percent of flow originating from a specific node In lieu of CHEMICAL you can enter the actual name of the chemical being modeled e g Chlorine Mass units used to express concentration Choices are mg L or ug L Units for Age and Trace analyses are fixed at hours and percent respectively ID label of the node whose flow is being traced Applies only to flow tracing analyses Ratio of the molecular diffusivity of the chemical being modeled to that of chlorine at 20 deg C 0 00112 ft day Use 2 if the chemical diffuses twice as fast as chlorine 0 5 if half as f
34. on its downstream side when the upstream pressure is above the setting fully open if the upstream pressure is below the setting closed if the pressure on the downstream side exceeds that on the upstream side i e reverse flow is not allowed gt PSVs maintain a set pressure at a specific point in the pipe network EPANET computes in which of three different states a PSV can be in partially opened i e active to maintain its pressure setting on its upstream side when the downstream pressure is below this value fully open if the downstream pressure is above the setting closed if the pressure on the downstream side exceeds that on the upstream side i e reverse flow is not allowed gt PBVs force a specified pressure loss to occur across the valve Flow through the valve can be in either direction PBV s are not true physical devices but can be used to model situations where a particular pressure drop is known to exist gt FCVs limit the flow to a specified amount The program produces a warning message if this flow cannot be maintained without having to add additional head at the valve i e the flow cannot be maintained even with the valve fully open gt TCVs simulate a partially closed valve by adjusting the minor head loss coefficient of the valve A relationship between the degree to which a valve is closed and the resulting head loss coefficient is usually available from the valve manufacturer gt GPVs are used
35. option is ignored Power to which concentration is raised when computing a bulk flow reaction rate Choices are 1 for first order reactions or 0 for constant rate reactions If no global or pipe specific wall reaction coefficients are assigned then this option is ignored Default bulk reaction rate coefficient K assigned to all pipes This global coefficient can be overridden by editing this property for specific pipes Use a positive number for growth a negative number for decay or O if no bulk reaction occurs Units are concentration raised to the 1 n power divided by days where n is the bulk reaction order Wall reaction rate coefficient K assigned to all pipes Can be overridden by editing this property for specific pipes Use a positive number for growth a negative number for decay or O if no wall reaction occurs Units are ft day US or m day SI for first order reactions and mass sq ft day US or mass sq m day SI for zero order reactions It is used to set the order of reactions occurring in the tanks Use 1 for first order reactions 2 for second order reactions etc If not supplied the default reaction order is 1 0 Factor correlating wall reaction coefficient to pipe roughness Set to zero if not applicable Maximum concentration that a substance can grow to or minimum value it can decay to Bulk reaction rates will be proportional to the difference between the current concentration and this value Set to
36. postal addresses STREETS It is a polyline theme in which the streets are represented by a unique polyline not by a sum of segments IMAGE CATALOG An image catalog is an organized collection of spatially referenced geographic images that can be accessed as one logical image theme Image catalogs typically contain images that depict the same thematic information for a given geographic area of interest See the section Creating an Image Catalog in GISRed to learn more about how to work with GISRed image catalogs CHAPTER 11 QUERYING THE NETWORK A network query adds a new theme of nodes 2 Network Queries xj or links on the network scenario classified by eN a specific feature e g nodes classified by E base demand links classified by diameter Links Nodes To submit a network query 1 Select Model Tools Queries from Diameter Demand the menu bar or alternatively press Length I Elevation from the GISRed tool bar 7 Roughness 2 Check mark those features you want l Node Type to use to classify the corresponding Age theme l 3 Press OK A theme for each one of the Material options selected will be added to the Status OK TOC _ 4 Press Cancel to close the dialog Calibr Groupe Cancel Y Base Demands of t 9 64 6 65 27 63 2763 81 8 618 144 48 q4 2315 2 44 18 _ HODES of Net 3 O Junction gt Pump E Ret erro ir N Tank UNKS of H
37. that encode the problem x is the bit value with i denoting the position of the bit where 0 signifies the left most bit and n the right most This can be translated into a number Y between 0 and 1 using Y y di E a This can easily be scaled over any range The value of Y is referred in the forms below as the search space Evaluating the function f x the objective value and sometimes the fitness itself It should be noted though that often the fitnesses with high penalty values can cover a range in the order of several magnitudes Often this means that fitness scaling function is applied Therefore the terms objective value and fitness refer to the function value and the scaled fitness respectively A GA begins by creating a population of randomly generated string bits The fitness is assigned to each of these string bits GA use a selection criteria that mimics natural selection the more fit are more likely to be chosen to mate than the less fit The chosen bits mate exchange DNA information to create a new population The exchange of DNA of the chosen 157 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY CENTRE FOR WATER SYSTEMS UNIVERSITY OF EXETER individuals is achieved through two operators crossover and mutation The simplest form of crossover is single point crossover whereby the string bits are cut into two The resulting children then is the first section of the first parent string bit and the second section of the se
38. the pump and the flow through the pump It is left blank if the pump will be a constant energy pump power checkbox is selected Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Curve Editor The power supplied by the pump in horsepower kw Assumes that the pump supplies the same amount of energy no matter what the flow is Do not check this field if a pump curve will be used instead Use when pump curve information is not available Relative Speed The relative speed setting of the pump unitless For example a speed setting of 1 2 implies that the rotational speed of the pump is 20 higher than the normal setting Speed Pattern The time pattern used to control the pump operation The multipliers of the pattern are equivalent to speed settings A multiplier of zero implies that the pump will be shut off during the corresponding time period Do not check if not applicable Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor Efficiency Default pump efficiency in percentage This is a non editable property To change this property go to Scenario Analysis Options Times Energy Efficiency Curve The curve that represents the pump s wire to water efficiency in percent as a function of flow rate This information is used only to compute energy usage Do not check if not applicable or if the global pump efficiency supplied with the project s Energy Options will be used Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Curve Editor Energy Pr
39. the variance in the population reaches a given minimum that is placed in this textline MAX ITERATIONS The GA stops when the total number of generations or iterations for the steady state GA reaches a given number A 7 OTHER VARIABLES A 7 1 Population Size This sets the number of individuals that make up the GA s population The size of the population will have both an effect on the convergence and exploitation of the search space A large population will mean that a larger proportion of the search space will be covered but the longer the GA will take to converge A 7 2 Random Number Seed GAs are a stochastic process in other words all processes rely on the generation of a random number Using the same random seed means that the initial population generated is the same This allows any comparison undertaken in the genetic operators to start from the same position A 7 3 Output Interval This is the number of iterations between outputting the best individual to date to an output file 164 APPENDIX B UNITS OF MEASUREMENT Parameter Concentration Demand Diameter Pipes Diameter Tanks Efficiency Elevation Emitter Coefficient Energy Flow Friction Factor Hydraulic Head Length Minor Loss Coeff Power Pressure Reaction Coeff Bulk Reaction Coeff Wall Roughness Coefficient Source Mass Injection Velocity Volume Water Age US CUST OMARY mg L or 5g L see Flow units inches feet pe
40. x A 0000 ff amp Pipe Identificati ipe 175 2 From 157 Tor 159 OOO Descnptior Tag Hydraulic Features Length 2910 fi Sutelength 3173 09 fi Diameter 3 Inch Loss Coeff Po o Roughness Headloss Formula H Material Age pears 0 Calibration Roughness Group Ed Quality Feature Order Bulk Coeff Order Wall Coeff 1 0 14day 1 day Initial Status OPEN _ Controls Exit Fig 48 Pipe Properties PROPERTY DESCRIPTION PIPE IDENTIFICATION A unique label used to identify the pipe It can consist of a combination of up to 15 numerals or characters It cannot be the same as the ID for any other link This is a required property Flip button E Reverses the order of vertices in a Pipe Description An optional text string that describes other significant information about the pipe Tag An optional text string used to assign the pipe to a category perhaps one based on age or material From Start node The ID of the node where the pipe begins This is a non editable property To End Node The ID of the node where the pipe ends This is a non editable property HYDRAULIC FEATURES Length The actual length of the pipe in feet meters This is a required property when the AutoLength checkbox is not on AutoLength The automatic length of the pipe in map units This property is calculated by GISRed anyway but it is only used if the user turns on the checkbox Note Pipe l
41. zero if not applicable 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS 15 1 4 Times Options Times options set values for the various time steps used in an extended period simulation These are listed below times can be entered as decimal hours or in hours minutes notation Note OPTION Total Duration Hydraulic Time Step Quality Time Step Pattern Time Step Pattern Start Time Reporting Time Step Report Start Time Clock Start Time Statistic DESCRIPTION Total length of a simulation in hours Use 0 to run a single period snapshot hydraulic analysis Time interval between re computation of system hydraulics Normal default is 1 hour Time interval between routing of water quality constituent Normal default is 5 minutes 0 05 hours Time interval used with all time patterns Normal default is 1 hour Hours into all time patterns at which the simulation begins e g a value of 2 means that the simulation begins with all time patterns starting at their second hour Normal default is 0 Time interval between times at which computed results are reported Normal default is 1 hour Hours into simulation at which computed results begin to be reported Normal default is 0 Clock time e g 7 30 am 10 00 pm at which simulation begins Default is 12 00 am midnight Type of statistical processing used to summarize the results of an extended period simulation Choices are e NONE results reported at each report
42. 0 00 3 89 0 00 4 135 0 00 5 100 0 00 NOTE1 We will group the network pipes later on using the classification defined above NOTE2 The weight of each group has been set up to 0 thus any prior estimate is neglected in the objective function 6 Next step is to define the GA Parameters 145 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV Imeger Typeol values Mr Max Mumine w Min 50 Max 150 Hum of Intervals 10 Algonthm i aa GA Type Population Size Fandom Output Steady State sl 200 Seed Interval Selector Toumament Ha iin Replacer Weke 1000 Crossover Sample Cine Port Rale 130 Mun Required Mutation Random Rate 110 Vananc Fig 86 GA Parameters dialog In this example we are going to use Integer genes that finite interval see Fig 86 For the genetic alg GA Type Selector Replacer LE ONE POINT Rate 0 90 RANDOM Rate 0 10 200 3 10 Crossover TE To see an explanation of each one of the possible parameters see the section titled Standard Library at the end of the example 7 Finally the last step is to enter a valid Epanet Input File If this file does not exist or changes were introduced in the actual model a new file can be generated using the button of the GUI After setting all the parameters of the calibration configuration and accepting them the Calibration Manager should look like this 146 Calibration Manager
43. 046 100 160 1830 305 90 110 3 1048 100 110 1830 203 90 110 3 1050 110 160 1830 254 90 110 3 1052 110 120 1830 203 90 110 3 1056 120 130 1830 203 130 110 4 1058 130 160 1830 254 130 110 4 1060 130 170 1830 203 130 110 4 1062 140 160 1830 203 130 110 4 1064 140 170 3656 203 130 110 4 1066 50 140 3656 203 130 110 4 1078 60 TANKA 31 305 110 110 5 1080 160 TANK B 31 305 110 110 5 139 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV PUMPS For all loading conditions all three pumps are assumed to be in operation PUMP PIPE LENGTH DIAMETER C FACTOR m mm H W PUMP 1 Suction Pipe 1 1600 150 Discharge Pipe 1 1600 150 PUMP 2 Suction Pipe 1 1600 150 Discharge Pipe 1 1600 150 PUMP 3 Suction Pipe 1 1600 150 Discharge Pipe 1 1600 150 Q H CURVE Identical curve for the 3 pumps 390 80 Q H CURVE TU E El Q l s H m sp 0 0 91 40 2 40 252 50 82 30 E 504 70 55 20 10 D 200 400 600 Flow LPS TANKS Both tanks have identical characteristics and are filling and draining during a 24 hours simulation INITIAL MAX MIN NODE ELEVATION DIAMETER LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL m m m m m TANK A 65 5 21 55 6 14 0 TANK B 65 5 21 55 6 14 0 140 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION SOURCE RESERVOIR NODE ELEVATION m SOURCE 3 04 DEMAND PATTERN Demand Pattern Demand 2345 67 8 9 101112131415 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time Period 1 00 hrs Avg 0 95 Fig 80 Calibration Examp
44. 108 CHAPTER 10 GISRED TOC THEME MANAGER anssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 109 101 TOS TABLE OF CONTENTS espdisoros cirios dde osos 109 10 2 TOG THEME MANAGER auusirsarn is tica 110 10 3 GISRED CUSTOM BUILT THEMES cece cece ccc c cece ccc eececceceeceecesceceeceecs 111 CHAPTER 11 QUERYING THE NETWORK assssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 113 CHAPTER 12 NETWORK TOOLS ciscasccssccsccsescscccscessenssenvenscessccesaeeecnseucsensceseens 115 12 1 CHECKING TOOL os unas era 115 TZ Verification OPUS nora o stos 115 12 CONNECTIVITY TOO ES star ia 116 CHAPTER 13 ELEVATION INTERPOLATION ccccccuccccucnccueneeueueaueueaeausueausueauaay 119 CHAPTER 14 DEMAND ALLOCATION sssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 123 CHAPTER 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS orinar aa 127 15 1 SETTING ANALYSIS OPTIONS cece cece cece cece cece cece cecceceeeeecececcesecesesececsesececs 127 Poets Aydraulic ODUIOIS 6c e teed csicaenesisentecouieiientyseeuetuaeniesediepaioesasensenantencs 128 15 1 2 Water Quality Options ccc cee ccceeccceecceescceesceeecceesseeesceeescesesees 129 Az REDHISP Er a a EFE TABLE OF CONTENTS 15 1 3 Reaction 0 AA A 130 ta 1 TIMES ODIOS wae cos ncecncovcasercaseccsaneeatenseesctaseresecssoynesosensteseaccaces 131 91 3 ENSPOyODUIONS escasos toas rates 132 CHAPTER 16 NETWORK SIMULATION sssssnssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
45. 19 1 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS CLOSED AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS OPEN RULE 2 LF TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 17 1 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS CLOSED Example 2 These rules change the tank level at which a pump turns on depending on the time of day RULE 3 LE SYSTEM CLOCKTIME gt 8 AM AND SYSTEM CLOCKTIME lt 6 PM AND TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 12 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN RULE 4 LF SYSTEM CLOCKTIME gt 6 PM OR SYSTEM CLOCKTIME lt 8 AM AND TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 14 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS LS OPEN 107 9 CONTROLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 9 2 1 GISRed Rule Based Controls EDITOR The Rule Based Control Editor shown in Fig 59 is a text editor window that presents an interface for displaying and or editing multiple lines of rule based control text The text editor window contains buttons to import controls from a text file and to export the rules to a text file J Rule Based Controls Editor RULE 1 IF TANK 1 LEWELABOWE 19 1 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS CLOSED AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS OPEN RULE 2 IF TANK 7 LEVEL BELOW 17 1 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN AND PIPE 330 STATUS I CLOSED 4 Import from File Export to File OF Help Cancel Fig 59 Rule based Controls Editor gt To Import Rules from a text file 5 Open the Rule Based Controls Editor 6 Press Import from File 7 Choose the text file that contains the Control Rules 8 Accept The Rules will be added to the editor window NOTE Any tex
46. 3 5 SRSWR Stochastic Remainder Selection Without Replacement 160 A 4 CROSSOVER TECHNIQUES on ctuducduteoqsnaauautnsednceu tear geneeseebuteusengoceecauasetesoanesess 161 A 4 1 NODO coco copes teseesesaacsstreccoestodancesessustecosmenvesancdsouceeseeweeecseusecossces 161 A 4 2 RAMO MIS riendas 161 A 4 3 Simple One Point CrosSSOVer ccccccscccecccceccccesceecsccessceescesescesesces 161 A 4 4 Uniform RAN COIN ieccesegsienoe cant aatoccaceesauceesoeuecasacusneckaesosessnsusescseeeies 161 A 4 5 A A 162 A 5 MUTATION TECHNIQUES cenres edoan tenga eusecace E E 162 A 5 1 UAT OFA RAD COI arcteerass cence riada cca s nieces ec ant eevee ae pin en cane eaae aie sees 163 A 5 2 Uniform Random by Gene cc cece cceeccceecceeecceeeeceeccceseeeeecceeesesees 163 A 5 3 Non Uniform Random cc cece cece cece ccc e cee ce cee ceccecesceeceecesveeceeceeces 163 A 6 CONVERGENCE CRITERIA ci saciouaeccedcepseecneneisussaxaucameisnereeisiereuneseedenspuacaoeeeres 164 A 7 OTHER VARIABLES orton N EE 164 A 7 1 Popola ION ZO esse iones tocas 164 A 7 2 Random Number SCCO vesicicosnsersra cris a Er e PEENE IN EES 164 A 7 3 QUEPuUt INEA iria ios ar eseicomeavageceae 164 APPENDIX B UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ccoo rr rr 165 REFERENCES nora rra 167 4 e Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig
47. 7 Tank PODERES aspas poc wane eE EErEE 75 rs on o 0 E A 79 49 Reactions zones within a PIPE ssssessesessesessesceeccsoesescesesoeseecescesesceeeesoeseee 81 BO PUMO Prop TOS orcas iia poe EEEa 84 EVN Properties ri EEA 86 2 CrP EC IDIgtOG currar A bes 90 39 GLREd Patern Edl O A NA E E EE ET 92 54 GISRed Curve EditO perros aia 97 V TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig 29 CONtrol RULES DIALO adrian 99 56 GISRed Simple Controls Editor ooooooomoooocorrscrrcccnrcccnrcconooconocconocconos 100 57 Adding a NEW SIMPLE CONTO Licor dsd 101 58 Report of Simple Controls IMported cceecccescccescccescccesccessceeesceessceeess 103 59 Rule based Controls Edit ici its 108 60 GISRed TOC Theme Manager cceccccccccccccccccccescceescceesceeesceeesceesceeecees 110 61 Adding a new GISRed Theme ceccccecccceccccccccescceeecceesceeesceeesceeesceescees 112 67 Network Queries DIOS di 113 63 Network Queries Diameters and Base Demands ococccccccccnccccccncncncncncncononos 113 64 Network Checking Options cccescccccccceccceccccessceescceesceeesceessceesseeesceees 115 OS CONNECT DIAlOS id A E da 116 66 Checking the network connectivity Number of Sub networks oooooooommmoomo o 117 67
48. ANET does this automatically basing the adjustment on the molecular diffusivity of the substance being modeled and on the flow s Reynolds number Setting the molecular diffusivity to zero will cause mass transfer effects to be ignored The wall reaction coefficient can depend on temperature and can also be correlated to pipe age and material It is well known that as metal pipes age their roughness tends to increase due to encrustation and tuberculation of corrosion products on the pipe walls This increase in roughness produces a lower Hazen Williams C factor or a higher Darcy Weisbach roughness coefficient resulting in greater frictional head loss in flow through the pipe There is some evidence to suggest that the same processes that increase a pipes roughness with age also tend to increase the reactivity of its wall with some chemical species particularly chlorine and other disinfectants EPANET can make each pipe s Ky be a function of the coefficient used to describe its roughness A different function applies depending on the formula used to compute headloss through the pipe 82 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES Headloss Formula Wall Reaction Formula Hazen Williams K F C Darcy Weisbach Ky F log e d Chezy Manning Ky Fn where C Hazen Williams C factor e Darcy Weisbach roughness d pipe diameter n Manning roughness coefficient and F wall reaction pipe roughness coefficient The coefficient F must be developed from
49. APTER 4 NETWORK ELEMEN S ssssnunnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnununnnnnnununnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 43 4 1 TYPE OF NETWORK ELEMENTS ssesicojoaca casona ici isis 43 4 2 OUTING TOO Estonie s rss 43 4 3 ADDING NETWORK ELEMENTS sereno tartera 46 Al ACOSO opine 46 Ad Adamo a INOS tds rro ia sala 47 4 4 SELECTIN GE CLEMENT ocn protones 48 4 5 DELETING AN ELEMENT ssssocinsarceda ro rtcion aora 51 4 6 MOVING A JUNCTION sicssccccceccnetonsienevetitesewse pus seeessiessessadessteuatenveseeueasweess 52 4 7 OTHER OPERATIONS soos rose abo scars ceased Err eae ove so AENEA REE SETERO 53 4 7 1 Modifying Pipe Layout cece cece cece cece eee ceeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeceeees 53 ATA COMMCCUING PDOs ancsseectaes4cenescteedoice nec cenesuckeeteseess ostra 53 4 7 3 Creating a T COMMECtION ccccccccccccncceecceeccesccesccesceesceesceescesccesccees 94 TABLE OF CONTENTS Az REDHISP Em ai a EFE 4 8 CREATING AN IMAGE CATALOG IN GISRED ooococcocccccoccccccccncnccnccnconccncnnc nos 55 4 8 1 ADDING AN IMAGE TO AN IMAGE CATALOG oococcoccccccccccoconccocccconcnnon nono 57 4 8 2 DELETING AN IMAGE FROM AN IMAGE CATALOG oooocccccccccccccnccccccnccncnconoos 57 4 9 OVERVIEW IVA eara REEE E EEES 58 CHAPTER 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO ccccuccscueucceeueaeeueauaueas 59 5 1 CAD aio rea eos Un ASS 60 5 1 1 CAD DRAWING COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS cccceccecccceccecceceeces 62 5 2 SHAPEPFIEES sra EE 64 5 3 ERROR TH
50. EMES AND NAVIGATOR ccc cece cece ccc cecencccceccecceceuceccesceeceeces 66 5 4 GIS COVERAGES o sspssipetana olas oso aliada 67 5 5 EPA NETINPUOT FI PS asadas tie 67 5 6 GISRED PROJECT aa ios 67 CHAPTER 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES aaasnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 69 6 1 JUNCTION PROPERTIES versatil 70 sl EDU S crisi oou ooo ol 72 6 1 2 Multiple Demand Editor o oooocoooocooocconcccnncccnocconrcconoccooocronoccnnocos 72 6 2 RESERVOIR PROPERTIES asta 73 6 3 TANK PROPERTIE oree E E E AE 75 6 3 1 Mixing in Storage Tanks ssseseesescesescesescescsceseecesoesesccecsoeseeceeeeeeseeee 77 6 4 PIPE PROPER UE Stata ias 79 6 4 1 Water Quality Reactions cece cece cee cece ee ce eeeeceeeceeeeceseeceeeeeeeeeteesees 81 6 5 PUMP PROPER VIE oisactnaccacus aan nes nnn se uenrcetennennayorioureteeeoteoreseees 84 6 6 VALVE PROPERTIES causar zos 86 6 6 1 A o A A A 88 6 7 EDITING A GROUP OF NETWORK ELEMENTS cceccecccccccecceccuceccecceceuces 90 CHAPTER 7 PATTERN Serra e 91 7 1 GISRED PATTERN EDITOR asis aaicia decias 91 CHAPTER 8 CUR VES tiros 95 8 1 GISRED CURVE EDITOR cuan aio 96 CHAPTER 9 CONTRO Sr ras iio 99 9 1 SIMPEE CONTROLES daros ida disa 99 9 1 1 GISRed Simple Controls EDITOR oooooooccoocccnccconccconcccnoccconcconocconoso 100 9 2 RULE BASED CONTROLS uniera dla cea 104 9 2 1 GISRed Rule Based Controls EDITOR ooococcccccocococcncconononcccocononononoos
51. ER The GISRed project manager comprises a set of buttons that allow the user to make new projects to open existing ones from the list to add a new project to the list portability remove a project from the list make a clone of a project an exact copy of it and see change some properties i Project a Word Direcioiy ERRATA OOO ERRATA OOO TUTORIAL Creator Hugod Ba Hugod Ba Creston Dae Wedresda 21 August 2002 220 41 Description AWEPA 1 0 Tutos Project Mame TUTORIAL e em Fig 15 Quick Tutorial Using the GISRed Project Manager To open our example in a further session 1 Press the button Projects from the ArcView Project Manager Scenarios Or alternatively go to Network Project Manager on the menu bar The project manager is opened then 2 Select the TUTORIAL example from the list of projects and press Open 3 The Scenario is opened and the TOC appears just as it was in the last session 4 Now the scenario is ready to be used again 5 Exit the Project Manager 23 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV 1 10 RUNNING A SINGLE PERIOD ANALYSIS We now have enough information to run a single period or snapshot hydraulic analysis on our example network To run the analysis let us take the two next steps 1 Generate an EPANET Input File Select Scenario Export Epanet Input File or click the button A 2 Once the File has been successf
52. O REDHISP UPV NODE TOOLBAR DESCRIPTION The Node toolbar allows to add junctions pumps valves reservoirs and tanks move nodes and consequently all those pipes Add connected to that node connect pipes to a ABHRA HAE node and delete nodes merging the corresponding two pipes into just one It a will always be possible to convert any node from one to another type 2 Editing Tools Clicking on a pipe it inserts a Junction pi the pipe Clicking on another node pump tank valve converts the node into a junction Adds a Reservoir Click on a junction to add a reservoir Adds a Tank Click on a junction to add a tank eng Adds a Valve Click on a pipe or junction to add a valve Adds a Pump Click on a pipe or junction to add a pump 4 Moves a junction Whenever a junction is moved all pipes connected to it are moved as well Connects the end of a pipe to a junction Makes a T connection Connects the end junction of a pipe to a pipe at any middle point making a T connection Lx t o a mj Deletes the selected nodes one or more following the next rules Before any selected junction is deleted the application checks whether the pipes connected to the junction can be merged or not If they can the junction is deleted When trying to delete a node other than junction the node will be automatically converted to a junction and then the pipes merged if possible Two
53. Opens the About window which shows the Extension version and the authors 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE Edit Model Menu Tag Wii Editing Tools Group Edit Data Verification Error Navigator lx E LA 3 Rezarvolr OPTION DESCRIPTION Editing Tools Sets the Properties Edition Mode for the currently active theme Group Edit Edits a property for the group of objects that are currently selected within the scenario Data Verification Opens a dialog that allows to check out the connectivity of the network spatially or topologically and some network properties Error Navigator Opens a navigator window to check out visually each one of the errors associated with the error theme currently active Patterns Opens the Pattern Editor Curves Opens the Curve Editor Controls Opens the Controls Editor Model Tools Menu 33 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GRUPO REDHISP UPV cL IE IS E IJ a Pri TAER OPTION Elevation Interpolation Demand Allocation Calibration Administrator Loading Conditions Roughness Groups Field Data GA Parameters Calibration Input Files Calibrate Validate 34 e EEE E Window Help Elevation Interpolation Demand Allocation Calibration Administrator Loading Conditions Roughness Groups Field Data GA Parameters Calibration Input Files Calibrate Validate View Results Qu
54. UI 31 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GRUPO REDHISP UPV 2 1 2 1 MENUS Scenario Menu o The Scenario Menu contains the options for Import Auch Export Epanet Input File Run Analysis Browser of Results Overview Map TOC Manager Add Curtomized Theme Edit Model Model Tools A managing scenario documents adding new themes to the scenario getting the scenario k properties importing data into the scenario F etc id 7 CENA Transfer between Themes Delete Active Themels Punge Database Properties Defaults Analysis Options About OPTION Import Add Export Epanet Input File Run Analysis Browser of Results Overview Map TOC Manager Add Customized Theme Transfer between Themes Delete Active Theme s Purge Database Properties Defaults Analysis Options About 32 DESCRIPTION Imports and adds a network data into the current scenario Exports an EPANET Input File Performs an EPANET Simulation Shows the Browser window Toggles the Overview Map on off Opens the TOC Manager Opens the GISRED Theme Manager Allows transference of information from a basic model oriented network theme to a management oriented network theme and viceversa Deletes a theme from the TOC Deletes all non referenced themes from the project database Shows a summary of the current network model Opens the default properties dialog Edits analysis options
55. Units Headloss Formula and Default Pattern The choice of Flow Units determines whether all other network quantities are expressed in Customary US units or in SI metric units The choice of Headloss Formula defines the type of the roughness coefficient to be supplied for each pipe in the network The Default Pattern automatically becomes the time pattern used to vary demands in an extended period simulation for all junctions not assigned any pattern 41 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJECTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 3 4 SCENARIO PROPERTIES To view a summary description of the current scenario select Scenario Properties from the Menu Bar The information dialog form will appear in which you can edit the title and description for the scenario as well as for the project it belongs to The form also enables to display certain network statistics such as the number of junctions pipes pumps etc To do that just click on the Model Details button D SCENARIO PROPERTIES Model Detads Creator Huge J Batol n Creation Date Fada 11 October 2002 1846 16 NETWORK DETAILS MODEL NETWORK DETAILS PROJECT NET J E ae oo Tuesday 5 November 2002 12 RESERVOIRS 2 PIPES 119 PUMPS 2 VALVES Fig 29 Scenario Properties Network Details 42 CHAPTER 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GISRed uses various types of objects to model a distribution system These objects can be accessed directly on the
56. Use the ArcView Extensions dialog to load and unload the GISRed Extension GISRed extends ArcView on the fly enhancing your working environment with additional hydraulic modelling oriented objects dialogs and menus independent of the current project gt To load the Extension 1 Start ArcView GIS 2 Open the Extensions Dialog File Extensions J Extensions X Beorceseng 2 GisAed y af sd 1 0 Gieda and Masias Gere _ IMAGINE brace Supot JPEG HAFI maga Support Hiti _ Legend Taj TF Make Dani MBID image Support i Iniegrabor of EPANET 2 into ducers GIS 3 2 An estercion in model Wais Drika Heyes Vean 1 0 Fig 1 Loading GISRed Extension 3 Select the GISRed Extension switch on the checkbox on the left side 4 Once the extension is loaded a new document called Scenarios appears in the ArcView Project Manager Window 2 Arc iew GIS 3 Za File Project GlSRed Window Help 2 gisred_reduc_1 apr Projecte Fig 2 Scenarios Document 10 STEPS IN USING GISRED The typical steps carried out when using GISRed Extension to build a water distribution model are Draw a network representation of your distribution system from scratch using the extension tools see 4 2 or import a basic description of the network placed in a CAD file a shapefile or Epanet input file see CHAPTER 5 Check importation errors in case of importing see 5 3 Simplify the
57. a sample of water in a series of non reacting glass bottles and analyzing the contents of each bottle at different points in time If the reaction is first order then plotting the natural log C Co against time should result in a straight line where C is concentration at time t and Co is concentration at time zero K would then be estimated as the slope of this line Bulk reaction coefficients usually increase with increasing temperature Running multiple bottle tests at different temperatures will provide more accurate assessment of how the rate coefficient varies with temperature 6 4 1 2 Wall Reactions The rate of water quality reactions occurring at or near the pipe wall can be considered to be dependent on the concentration in the bulk flow by using an expression of the form R A V K C where Ky a wall reaction rate coefficient and A V the surface area per unit volume within a pipe equal to 4 divided by the pipe diameter The latter term converts the mass reacting per unit of wall area to a per unit volume basis EPANET limits the choice of wall reaction order to either O or 1 so that the units of Kw are either mass area time or length time respectively As with Kp Ky must be supplied to the program by the modeler First order K values can range anywhere from 0 to as much as 5 ft day Kw should be adjusted to account for any mass transfer limitations in moving reactants and products between the bulk flow and the wall EP
58. abel prefix or leave the field blank if the default ID will simply be a number As an example if J were used as a prefix for Junctions then as junctions are created they receive default labels of J1 J2 J3 and so on After an object has been created the Property Editor can be used to modify its ID label if need be 40 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJECTS DEFAULT NODE LINK PROPERTIES The Properties section of the Defaults dialog form sets default property values for newly created nodes and links These properties include Elevation for nodes Diameter for tanks Maximum water level for tanks Length for pipes Auto Length automatic calculation of length for pipes Diameter for pipes Roughness for pipes When the Auto Length property is turned on pipe lengths will automatically be computed as pipes are added or repositioned on the network map A node or link created with these default properties can always be modified later on using the Property Editor DEFAULT HYDRAULIC OPTIONS The third section of the Defaults dialog form is used to assign default hydraulic analysis options It contains the same set of hydraulic options as the project s Hydraulic Options accessed through Scenarios Analysis Options Hydraulics They are repeated on the Project Defaults dialog so that they can be saved for use with future projects as well as with the current one The most important Hydraulic Options to check when setting up a new project are Flow
59. al a quantity remains at a constant level equal to the product of its nominal value and the patterns multiplier for that time period Although all time patterns must utilize the same time interval each can have a different number of periods When the simulation clock exceeds the number of periods in a pattern the pattern wraps around to its first period again 7 1 GISRED PATTERN EDITOR The Pattern Editor displayed in Fig 53 edits the properties of a time pattern object To use the Pattern Editor select one of the five categories Demand Head Speed Quality or Price of the list and choose an option New Creates a new pattern Clone Clones the current pattern Del Removes the current pattern Edit Edits the current pattern Save Saves the current pattern s data to a file gt To add a New pattern Select New A default pattern ID is suggested Choose another name alternatively maximum of 15 numerals or characters Additionally you might want to enter a description in the Description field Enter multipliers in the Multiplier field and press Enter key The multiplier will be added to the current time period focus When finished editing click the OK button to accept the pattern or the Cancel button to cancel your entries ee elie a ne 91 7 PATTERNS GRUPO REDHISP UPV Z Demand Pattern 1 2345 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time Pernod 1 00 hrs Avg 1 07
60. ality Quality of any water entering the network at this location Quality Pattern ID label of time pattern used to make source quality vary with time Leave blank if not applicable Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor 6 3 1 Mixing in Storage Tanks GISRed can use four different types of models to characterize mixing within storage tanks as illustrated in the next figure Complete Mixing Two Compartment Mixing FIFO First in first out Plug Flow LIFO Last in first out Plug Flow Different models can be used with different tanks within a network Main one A Complete Mixing B Two Compartment Mixing C Plug Flow FIFO D Plug Flow LIFO The Complete Mixing model Figure a assumes that all water that enters a tank is instantaneously and completely mixed with the water already in the tank It is the simplest 77 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV form of mixing behavior to assume requires no extra parameters to describe it and seems to apply quite well to a large number of facilities that operate in fill and draw fashion The Two Compartment Mixing model Figure b divides the available storage volume in a tank into two compartments both of which are assumed completely mixed The inlet outlet pipes of the tank are assumed to be located in the first compartment New water that enters the tank mixes with the water in the first compartment If this compartment is full then
61. allocation process 1 Register the table of consumptions a Open the master table and start editing the table b Add a new record specifying at least the following fields i NAME a name for the demand table ii CATEGORY DEMAND iii PATH the path of the table on disk c Stop editing and save edits 2 Once the demand table has been registered select Model Tools Demand Allocation The demand allocation dialog will appear 123 14 DEMAND ALLOCATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV Demand Allocation Selecting Tables Demand Table Consumption Edi Import Make Period Total Edt Import Total Demand m 3 43568296 p O a Theme Name Relation Theme Description Pipes with DIAMETER lt 200 mm AdSegm Theme Road Segments y Uk Cancel Fig 74 Demand Allocation Node Road Segment Relation Theme b Enter a name for the relation theme c Specify the maximum diameter to consider when choosing consumption nodes d Specify the Road Segment Theme e Press OK h A New relation theme will be added to the TOC and the demand allocation dialog will be opened again 5 Adjust the demand factor or the total supply if necessary 124 1 a RA e L eee 14 DEMAND ALLOCATION 2 1381 54 l s Sd ES o e p E Cae att felis a sie i ae aa te Oo Es oe Se ds E o rn d Allocation Repo
62. ame of the themes that ArcView opens in the TOC since they share the same name and it is impossible to make the difference between them in the dialog combo box Once the kind of source to import has been selected the fields of the associated table will be displayed in the next combo boxes Features section Choose the features of the associated cad theme table to import along with the shapes Select NONE if you do not want to import information for that field Select the transformation tables that contain the relation between Diameter ID s Diameter and Material ID s Material NOTE This option is still not available Toggle on the Annotation Layer checkbox if you want to capture the labels associated to each pipe Diameter and or Material This option is useful to import the labels that are normally put on the cad lines when digitizing a network If you choose to import annotations select either the Text CAD Theme in the TOC of the current scenario Theme radio button or look for a file on disk File radio button 61 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 Enter a value for the snapping tolerance this value is 0 3 m by default This is really the tolerance used to check the connectivity between pipes every time a new cad line polyline is imported The POINT LAYER option is still not available Press Import to start the process oo NOTE Remember that before starting with the import pr
63. ast etc Applies only when modeling mass transfer for pipe wall reactions Set to zero to ignore mass transfer effects Smallest change in quality that will cause a new parcel of water to be created in a pipe A typical setting might be 0 01 for chemicals measured in mg L as well as water age and source tracing Note The Quality Tolerance determines when the quality of one parcel of water is essentially the same as another parcel For chemical analysis this might be the detection limit of the procedure used to measure the chemical adjusted by a suitable factor of safety Using too large a value for this tolerance might affect simulation accuracy Using too small a value will affect computational efficiency Some experimentation with this setting might be called for 129 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 15 1 3 Reaction Options Reaction Options set the types of reactions that apply to a water quality analysis They include the following OPTION Bulk Reaction Order Wall Reaction Order Global Bulk Coefficient Global Wall Coefficient Tank Reaction Order Wall Coefficient Correlation Limiting Concentration 130 DESCRIPTION Power to which concentration is raised when computing a bulk flow reaction rate Use 1 for first order reactions 2 for second order reactions etc Use any negative number for Michaelis Menton kinetics If no global or pipe specific bulk reaction coefficients are assigned then this
64. at the selected namely the difference between observed measurements and ate in this example we are not going to use the Validation part as we used all Measurements in the field data dialog to calibrate the network It is customary for calibration purposes to leave several measurements out of the set just to use them later on for validating the calibration E Calibration Groups Comparison Cabbratan Group 151 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV Calibration Comparison for the Head at Junction 140 JUNCTION 140 M Obsered Mi Predicted 012345674809 1011 1213 14 15 16 17 18 19 e E oe ae Instant of Time Hrs T Confidence Intervals for the Head at Duration 140 CUNE DENCE INTERV E Low mer Calbrabior A esiduals lor the Head at Junctias 0 l ES PESDA S AT SURI TION 40 Head Resaduads iri Fig 92 Different types of graphs showing calibration results Another interesting thing that the calibrator computes is a whole set of useful regression Statistics that can be used to assess the quality of the obtained calibration problem solution and the goodness of all those adjusted variables 152 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION Use the button Other Parameters to see all those statistical analysis results They can provide insight into the calibration process quantify the quality of the particular water distribution system model calibration and ide
65. ater Industry CCWI 01 Montfort University Leicester England Bosque Sendra J 1997 Sistemas de Informaci n Geogr fica 2 Edici n Ediciones Rialp S A Christofides N 1975 Graph Theory An Algorithmic Approach Academic Press Date C J 1995 An Introduction to Database Systems 6th Edition Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc Elmasri R Navathe S B 1997 Fundamentals of Database Systems Second Edition Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc ESRI 1996 Using Avenue Redlands USA Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc ESRI 1996 ArcView Spatial Analyst Redlands USA Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc ESRI 1996 Using ArcView GIS Redlands USA Goldberg D E 1989 Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimisation and Machine Learning Addison Wesley Publishing Co Hohl Pat Brad M 1997 ArcView GIS Exercise Book Second Edition OnWord Press Hutchinson S Daniel H 1997 INSIDE ArcView GIS Second Edition OnWord Press Huxhold W E 1991 An Introduction to Urban Geographic Information Systems University of Wisconsin Milwaukee USA Oxford University Press Inc Kapelan Z S 2002 Calibration of Water Distribution System Hydraulic Models PhD Thesis School of Engineering and Computer Science University of Exeter United Kingdom
66. be on a local disk or accessed across a network A theme points to the geographic data it represents but does not contain the data itself Normally a theme represents all the features in a particular feature class but it is also possible to define a feature selection property for a theme so that it only represents a specific subset of these features Themes have a number of other properties that can be set to control their characteristics for example the range of scales at which the theme will be drawn on the view Each theme has its own legend displayed in the Table of Contents and a theme s legend controls how the theme is displayed on the view In addition to the link and node themes an GISRed scenario supports any sort of standard ArcView theme Particularly it is possible to create some under control themes such as 111 10 GISRED TOC THEME MANAGER GRUPO REDHISP UPV device and pipe themes which include mainly extra hydraulic information without any topology These themes are considered GIS themes because of their particular tabular structure and are useful to transfer data from and to the model Other special themes are for instance a catalog of images that can be used as a backdrop for the network and a street address theme of the urban area with geocoding capabilities gt To create an GISRed custom built theme 1 2 3 4 de 6 T Select Scenario Add Customized Theme from the menu bar or alternatively press
67. category of options Times E nergy Times Optio Pattern Time Step 6 00 Total Duration fe Pattern Start Time 0 00 Hydraulic Time Step 1 00 Reporting Time Step 1 00 Statishe None Clock Start Time 12 am Energy Options Pump Efficiency 3 5 Demand Charge D Energy Price kw h 0 Price Patten Ok Cancel Fig 76 Analysis Options Dialog 127 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 15 1 1 Hydraulic Options Hydraulic options control how the hydraulic computations are carried out They consist of the following items OPTION DESCRIPTION Units in which nodal demands and link flow rates are expressed Choosing units in gallons cubic feet or acre feet implies that the units for all other network quantities are Customary US Selecting liters or cubic meters causes all other units to be SI metric Use caution when changing flow units as it might affect all other data supplied to the project See Appendix B Units of Measurement Flow Units Headloss Formula used to compute headloss as a function of flow rate in a Formula pipe Choices are eHazen Williams eDarcy Weisbach e Chezy Manning Because each formula measures pipe roughness differently switching formulas might require that all pipe roughness coefficients be updated Specific Gravity Ratio of the density of the fluid being modeled to that of water at 4 deg C unitless Relative Ratio of the kinematic viscosity of the fluid
68. cond parent Another child is made up of the remaining sections Mutation is a random perturbation of one bit in the resulting children s bit string What happens next depends on the GA type For the case of a generational GA the two child are added to the new population New children are added until the new population is the same size as the old population whence the new population takes the place of the old and the GA continues by creating another population In the case of a steady state GA the two children are checked whether they are fit enough to be put back into the population This is determined by the replacer function Once back in the population two more individuals are chosen and mated In both GAs the process continues until convergence A 2 GENETIC ALGORITHM TYPES A 2 1 Steady State GA A constant population is used The two individuals are selected and mated through the chosen crossover and mutation operators The chosen replacer function determines whether the individuals are inserted back into the population Therefore the population remains constant with every individual even those just made able to mate at any time A 2 1 1 Replacer Functions Only the steady state GA requires a replacer function It determines whether the newly made children are inserted into the population to continue through the generations Random The progeny replaces an individual at random By Rank Goes through the population to find t
69. d property Leave blank if the pipe does not belong to any group or calibration is not being perfomed Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Roughness Grouping Editor See the Calibration Section for more details QUALITY FEATURES Bulk Reaction Power to which concentration is raised when computing a bulk flow Order reaction rate Use 1 for first order reactions 2 for second order reactions etc Use any negative number for Michaelis Menton kinetics If no global or pipe specific bulk reaction coefficients are assigned then this option is ignored This is a non editable property To change the value select Scenario Analysis Options Quality Reactions Bulk Coefficient The bulk reaction coefficient for the pipe Time units are 1 days Use a positive value for growth and a negative value for decay Leave blank if the Global Bulk reaction coefficient from the project s Reaction Options will apply See Water Quality Reactions below for more information Wall Reaction Power to which concentration is raised when computing a bulk flow Order reaction rate Choices are 1 for first order reactions or 0 for constant rate reactions If no global or pipe specific wall reaction coefficients are assigned then this option is ignored This is a non editable property To change the value select Scenario Analysis Options Quality Reactions Wall Coefficient The wall reaction coefficient for the pipe Time units are 1 days Use a pos
70. d to the scenario classified by the number of subgraphs sub networks Change the classification of the theme Edit the legend for example double clicking on the theme legend In the legend editor choose as Legend Type Unique Value Choose as Values Field the field T The default classification means C co tree T tree Change the symbols and labels at will Press the Apply button PFOQOTY The next figure shows an example of a network classified by pipes that belong to the tree and pipes that belong to the co tree according to the Graph Theory 117 12 NETWORK TOOLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV Die de es lie n ir ii ii ds a ERA AA Bese O E TOS E AAA ia A ELE r en ii F i MEJE Perupa sa a ia Er Trin LEA L Lae i i Fig 67 Network tree and co tree gt To get the shortest spanning tree 1 Select Model Tools Connectivity 2 Select Shortest Spanning Tree ff m the 3 Select the hydraulic property 1 Diameter or Flow 4 Press OK 5 A new theme spanning 4 ree 118 CHAPTER 13 ELEVATION INTERPOLATION The elevation of a junction is always a required property when trying to run a model Elevation is used only to compute pressure at the junction thus it is a basic parameter in order to obtain reliable results Most GIS packages support different algorithms to make an interpolation surface from a set of points with an elevation reference in the correspond
71. draulic Feature Diameter 150 mm Setting 25 m Loss Coeff 0 Fixed Status OPEN Controls l Fig 51 Valve Properties PROPERTY DESCRIPTION VALVE IDENTIFICATION A unique label used to identify the valve It can consist of a combination of up to 15 numerals or characters It cannot be the same as the ID for any other link This is a required property Flip button Reverses the direction of the valve Description An optional text string that describes other significant information about the valve The valve type PRV PSV PBV FCV TCV or GPV See the description of the various types of valves below This is a required property Tag An optional text string used to assign the valve to a category perhaps based on type or location UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM NODES UPSTREAM Start node The ID of the node on the nominal upstream or inflow side of the valve PRVs and PSVs maintain flow in only a single direction This is a non editable property By default the Upstream Node is named as the Valve ID but adding the UpS suffix meaning upstream Description An optional text string that describes other significant information Start node about the valve upstream node Elevation The elevation in feet meters above some common reference of Start node the valve start node This is a required property Elevation is used only to compute pressure at that point It does not affect any other com
72. e 0 1 A 1 w B 1 w A w B A 5 MUTATION TECHNIQUES Mutation is a bit wise perturbation operator In other words a bit within the chromosome is chosen at random and then randomly given a value Mutation is controlled through the probability of mutation Pmut parameter The higher the value the greater the range of the solution space that one can expect the GA is to traverse but this is at the expense of the GA converging quickly The literature outside of some specific cases suggests that mutation should be no more than one bit a chromosome 162 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY A 5 1 Uniform Random The check on whether mutation is undertaken by checking the mutation probability against a randomly generated number The coding then identifies a gene that can be mutated A new value for this gene is created using a random number generator The Pmu should be in the range of 0 1 A Pma of O implies that no mutation occurs A probability gt 1 implies that mutation occurs to one bit in the chromosome A 5 2 Uniform Random by Gene Unlike uniform mutation a integer value is calculated by multiplying the mutation probability times the chromosome length ie Random lt Parent MutationRate Chormosome Length This is then truncated not rounded up into an integer which implies the number of bits that are to be mutated For this number a bit is identified along the chromosome and mutated The value of the
73. e object To use the Curve Editor select one of the four curve types Pump Efficiency Volume Headloss of the list and choose an option New Creates a new curve Clone Clones the current curve Del Removes the current curve Edit Edits the current curve Save Saves the current curve s data to a file gt To add a new curve Select New A default Curve ID is suggested Choose another name alternatively maximum of 15 numerals or characters Additionally you might want to enter a description in the Description field Enter the X Y values and press Add Coordinates The pair of values will be added to the current coordinate list cell focus When finished editing click the OK button to accept the curve or the Cancel button to cancel your entries ee a a 96 aE 8 CURVES Pump Curve Pumpi Flow Head 1000 1200 a New P ump Curve Curve Type Pump Description H Q Curve for the Pump 3 Curve ID Pumps Equation Head 200 001 0 0001 38911 Flow 1 9 Hide x y Add Coordinates Load DR Cancel Fig 54 GISRed Curve Editor NOTES a To insert a new point in an existing curve select a cell and press o A gap will be inserted immediately after the selected coordinate Enter the new pair of values and press Add Coordinates Place the focus after the last X Y value to go on with the edition a To remove an existing point select the cell to be rem
74. e scenario Idem Press OK to create the image catalog and add it to the scenario or Cancel to close the image view and cancel the process If OK was pressed the image is added to the catalog The user can delete images from a catalog at will just by clicking on the image To do that 1 2 Ol Make the image catalog active in the TOC Open the image toolbar if it is not already opened To do this select Edit Model RR or click the button or use the popup menu A Press LJ The application is then waiting for the user to click on the image to be removed Click on the image to be removed The image is removed from the catalog If the image is the only image in the catalog the catalog is also removed from the table of contents 57 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 4 9 OVERVIEW MAP The Overview Map allows you to see where in terms of the overall system the main network map is currently focused This zoom area is depicted by the rectangular boundary displayed on the Overview Map As you drag or resize this rectangle to another position the scenario within the main map will follow suit and vice versa zooming or panning the main scenario will cause the overview map to depict the area the user is working on The Overview Map can be toggled on and off by selecting Scenario Overview Map Close OverView Map respectively Alternatively click the Close button on the overview map to close the view i i Liver eae
75. eactions Options will apply See Water Quality Reactions below for more information Source The Source checkbox is used to describe the quality of source flow entering the network at a specific node This source might represent the main treatment works a well head or satellite treatment facility or an unwanted contaminant intrusion Check this property to specify a source at the reservoir Source Type A water quality source can be designated as a concentration or booster source A concentration source fixes the concentration of any external inflow entering the network such as flow from a reservoir or from a negative demand placed at a junction A mass booster source adds a fixed mass flow to that entering the node from other points in the network A flow paced booster source adds a fixed concentration to that resulting from the mixing of all inflow to the node from other points in the network A setpoint booster source fixes the concentration of any flow leaving the node as long as the concentration 76 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES resulting from all inflow to the node is below the setpoint The concentration type source is best used for nodes that represent source water supplies or treatment works e g reservoirs or nodes assigned a negative demand The booster type source is best used to model direct injection of a tracer or additional disinfectant into the network or to model a contaminant intrusion Source Qu
76. ecifying a selection distance essentially creates a buffer polygon around the features of the selector theme however the buffer polygon is not visible If you specify a selection distance of 0 ArcView selects the features that intersect the selector theme s features A selection distance of O selects all points in the target themes that fall within a polygon all lines that intersect and all lines that intersect the selector theme s polygons and all polygons that intersect the selector theme s lines ArcView uses the selected features of a theme to make the selection therefore if the active theme is the same theme as the selector theme and you choose Intersect you can select features that are adjacent to the selected features gt Using the Select Features using Graphic button En The Select Features Using Graphic button lets you select features that fall inside or are intersected by shapes such as circles boxes lines and polygons that you have already drawn on a view using the Draw tools Features will be selected from all of the currently active themes 49 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 50 Arc iew GIS Za re HODES of Mat Jintan AR Tara M LINKS of Net Selects feat sin ack pra using tel ted g me Fig 31 Selecting features using graphics gt To Select features by a graphic a b C d e Draw the graphic line polygon Keep the graphic selected Click the bu
77. ect window Both ways open the following dialog 2 Project Manager 21 08 2002 22 01 41 Project Name TUTORIAL 00 Work Director foMAvEPAMTUTORIAL 0000 Creator Hugo J Bartolin 0000 Creation Date Wednesday 21 August 2002 22 01 41 O Description AWEPA 1 0 Tutorial Fig 25 GISRed Project Manager Dialog 37 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJECTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV This dialog presents all projects created with the extension To see more details about the project select one from the list and press Properties gt gt gt the dialog is expanded and information about the project is shown It is possible to edit some of the properties if any editable property is modified you must accept the changes pressing the Accept button that emerges The rest of the buttons are now explained NEW Creates a new GISRed Project and add it to the list of projects When the user clicks on this button a new dialog comes up requiring all the information for the new project and its parent scenario 2 Mew Project amp Scenario parent E a 3 xj PROJECT INFORMATION Fig 26 Creating a New GISRed Project When a new project is created a relational database is generated along with it This database is placed in a folder named as the Project Name in the path specified in the Directory textline At first all the tables of the database are empty The basic tables of a new project are Shapefiles link
78. ected to the junction if a discharge coefficient and pressure exponent for the leaking crack or joint can be estimated or compute a fire flow at the junction the flow available at some minimum residual pressure In the latter case one would use a very high value of the discharge coefficient e g 100 times the maximum flow expected and modify the junction s elevation to include the equivalent head of the pressure target GISRed as in EPANET treats emitters as a property of a junction and not as a separate network component 6 1 2 Multiple Demand Editor The Multiple Demand Editor is a pictured in the adjoined figure It Demande DOMESTIC is used to assign base demands and time patterns when there is more than one category of water user at a junction The editor is invoked from the Junction Property Editor by clicking the ellipsis button beside the Total Base Demand field Demandi FACTORY New Categ Ws Demanda Hd t t tS d The editor is basically a listbox Help OF containing three columns Each category of demand is entered as a new row in the listbox The e PE Dee 6 ae Dette ar ae columns contain the following information Base Demand baseline or average demand for the category required Time Pattern ID label of time pattern used to allow demand to vary with time optional Category text label used to identify the demand category optional To enter a new category fi
79. ectory All the files and folders installed with the extension are specified below Note AVEXT is an environment variable set in ArcView s startup script that references the default ArcView extension directory PATH DESCRIPTION GISRed Tutorial Contains the network used SAVEXT GISRED Examples Tutorial ae tutorial Icons directory Icons used by the SAVEXT GISRED Icons application SAVEXT GISRED Manual Manual directory SAVEXT GISRED Manual GISRedTUTORIAL htm GISRed Tutorial in HTML format GISRed Tutorial folder HTML references SAVEXT GISRED Manual GISRedTUTORIAL Needed by the htm file SAVEXT GISRED Manual Calibration htm GISRed Calibration Tutorial in HTML file SAVEXT GISRED Manual Calibration GISRed Calibration Tutorial folder HTML references needed by the htm file Table directory Tables needed by the SAVEXT GISRED Tablas application Font loaded and installed by the GISRed SFONT GISRED ttf ans ee SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 1 1 HARDWARE MINIMUM COMPUTER Industry standard personal computer with at least a Pentium or higher Intel based microprocessor HARD DISK 15 MB RAM Memory 32 MB RECOMMENDED COMPUTER Pentium lll or higher RAM Memory 64 MB 1 2 SOFTWARE Windows 98 ME Windows NT 4 0 2000 Windows XP Home Edition and Professional supported with limitations ArcView GIS 3 2 ArcView Spatial Analyst Extension Epanet 2 00 to run GISRed generated exported input files EXTENSION LOADING
80. eeeseeeesees 21 15 Quick Tutorial Using the GISRed Project Manager ceccceeccceccceeccceesceeesees 23 16 Quick Tutorial Browsing Results cece cece cece cece eeeeeeeeeceeeeceeesceescceeeeeeeecs 24 17 Quick Tutorial Analysis Options Dialog cc ccc ccc ce cece e ccc ceeeceeecceeeceeesceeeeees 25 18 Quick Tutorial Adding a New Demand Pattern ccceeccceccccececeecceeesceeeeees 26 19 Quick Tutorial Demand Pattern Dialog Viewing a Pattern Chart ooooooomooo 26 20 Quick Tutorial Group Editing ccc ccc cece nec c ence cee ceeneceeeeceesceeesceeeeceeess 2 21 GORed Work DACO otras rss 29 22 New GISRed Project Dialog cccccccccccccscccccccsccccccscccccoesvccseccsecscecesoeces 30 23 GISRed Project Manager c ccrccccccecsectccecncccccccsccocceccucccceseessecoscesoecenceses 31 ZA SCA NO a ri ra 36 25 GISRed Project Manager DialOg ccc ccc ceeccceecceeeeceecceeesceeeectenceeeeeeeecceeees 37 26 Creating a New GISRE Project cece cece cece eccceeeceeecceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeesctenceeeess 38 27 GISRed Projects Defaults cece cece sc ccescceeccceescceecccessceesceeesceeesseeecceeess 40 28 Scenario Properties ccc cceccnscvecccandecscsasecedsens oceaschenseeseasenesseateasestevetassaceenes 42 29 Scenario Properties Network Details ceccceecccecccceccceeccceecceeesceenceeeecs 42 30 ArcView Query Builder Dialog ccc ccc ccc ce cece
81. ei Fig 63 Network Queries Diameters and Base Demands 113 10 GISRED TOC THEME MANAGER GRUPO REDHISP UPV 114 CHAPTER 12 NETWORK TOOLS 12 1 CHECKING TOOLS GISRed offers additional tools to check layout inconsistencies or errors on network features such as lack of element identifiers pipe length diameter roughness material etc After the verification process if some node or link errors were detected a graphical error theme will be added to the scenario s table of contents classified by the actual errors Checking Options E E xj IF Node Verification Options Spatial Connectivity Tolerance Topological Connect BLE Node ID Non classified Node Nodes created during the importation To check the network 1 Select Edit Model Data Verific 2 Choose Node or and Link Link Verification Options Options T Link ID l Length verify E Stat EndNodelD Diameter 4 Press the Check iA Start End Roughness Compare Connectivity Material athe all Y NODE VERIFICATION OPTIONS Checks those points at which there might be spatial inconsistencies within a certain tolerance This option is usually used after an importation process For instance imagine that after a CAD importation there is something like this After using this option an error node would appear at the node of the picture because the tool detects
82. elect an existing simple control from the list 2 Press the Edit button 3 Change the fields as necessary 4 Click OK The control will be updated consequently gt To move up and down an existing simple control 1 Select an existing simple control from the list 2 Press the UP and DOWN buttons to change the position of the control in the list The control will be placed consequently gt To add a comment 1 Press the Comment button 2 Enter a comment 3 Click OK The comment will be added inserted just below the currently focused control comment gt To activate deactivate a simple control 1 Toggle on M the checkmark on the left of the simple control to activate the control The Control will be taken into account when simulating the network 2 Toggle off O the checkmark on the left of the simple control to deactivate the control The Control will not be taken into account when simulating the network gt To delete a control or a comment one at a time 1 Select one Control Comment 2 Press the Delete button The control comment will be removed from the list Importing Exporting Simple Controls gt To Import Simple Controls from a text file Open the Simple Controls Editor Press on Import Text File Choose the text file that contains the Simple Controls Accept The Simple Controls will be added to the database and displayed in the editor window At the end of the process a summary is displayed The s
83. en an Operator then a Value You build a query by double clicking on these options with the mouse or by typing your query directly into the query text box By default the query is contained within parentheses but the parentheses may not be required depending on the complexity of your query If the Update Values choice is on click once on a field name to list its values in the Values list Field names are always enclosed in square brackets If the value you want to use in the query is not in the Values list type it into the query text box New Set Makes a new selected set containing the features or records selected in your query Features or records not in this set are deselected Add To Set Adds the features or records selected in your query to the existing selected set If there is no existing selected set the features or records specified in the query become a new set Use this option to widen your selection Select From Set Selects the features or records in your query from the existing selected set Only those features or records in this existing set that are selected in your query will remain in the selected set Use this option to narrow down your selection 48 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS gt Using the Select by Theme menu Selects features in the active theme s based on their location in relation to the selected features in another theme You can also use this dialog to select features in the active theme ba
84. engths are automatically computed as pipes are added or repositioned on the network map if the Auto Length setting is 79 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV turned on To toggle this setting On Off Select Scenario Defaults and edit the Auto Length field on the Properties page of the Defaults dialog form Be sure to provide meaningful dimensions for the scenario map units View Properties before using the Auto Length feature Diameter The pipe diameter in inches mm This is a required property Loss Coefficient Unitless minor loss coefficient associated with bends fittings etc Assumed 0 if left blank Roughness The roughness coefficient of the pipe It is unitless for Hazen Williams or Chezy Manning roughness and has units of millifeet mm for Darcy Weisbach roughness This is a required property Headloss This field indicates which headloss formula is being used This is a Formula non editable property To change this property use the Defaults Dialog or the Hydraulic Options Material The pipe material This is just an information field This is not a required property It is useful in operations such as calibration or node deletion The pipe age This is just an information field This is not a required property It is useful in the process of calibration grouping Calibration This field indicates which calibration roughness group the pipe Roughness Group belongs to This is not a require
85. er than 100 The syntaxis of the query would be Diameter gt 100 and Diameter lt 300 3 As the pipes are selected assign them a group by using the Group Edit dialog a Bring up Edit Model Group Edit 2 Group Edit i a sa xj For all selected Pipes Replace Calibr Group with i Fig 89 Group Editing Dialog b Select the property Calibr Group and the required Group ID from the dropdown list c Accept GISRed shows a report window specifying the number of junctions affected by the change Alternatively and if further individual changes are required the pipe property dialog can be used to assign or change the group which a pipe belongs to 148 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION PIPE PROPERTIES and ga in 17 6 RUNNING A AC the calibrator will start running When it gets to the end of the three new files are generated this time with out extension namely tand ga out All these text files are imported into GISRed dbf tables 149 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 17 7 VWEWING CALIBRATION RESULTS After the importation of all the calibration results the fitness of the calibration process turns up In this particular case and for the GA parameters selected the fitness appears to be 0 53020 NOTE The objective function used by the calibrator is as follows weighted sum of s errors N Heads Nic
86. eries Bestore Topology Connectivity Copnectreity DESCRIPTION Opens the dialog for the elevation interpolation process Requires a Grid Theme on the TOC and consequently Spatial Analyst Extension Opens the main dialog to perform a demand allocation process going through a series of dialogs Opens the Calibration Administrator dialog Allows to choose the instants of time for which the network is going to be calibrated This option applies to the current network calibration configuration Allows the definition of the calibration groups in terms of roughness This option applies to the current network calibration configuration Allows to import field data for the actual calibration configuration This option applies to the current network calibration configuration Allows to define all the genetic algorithm parameters This option applies to the current network calibration configuration Generates all the input files required by the calibrator to run a calibration This option applies to the current network calibration configuration and the active scenario Launches the calibrator This option needs the calibrator input files Launches the validation process after a calibration has been performed 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE View Results Opens the calibration related results dialog Queries Allows to perform network queries generating legend classified themes such as diameter roughness age
87. eters This is a required property Head Pattern The ID label of a time pattern used to model time variation in the reservoirs head Leave blank if none applies This property is useful if the reservoir represents a tie in to another system whose pressure varies with time Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor QUALITY MODEL Initial Quality Water quality level at the reservoir at the start of the simulation period Can be left blank if no water quality analysis is being made or if the level is zero Source The Source checkbox is used to describe the quality of source flow entering the network at a specific node This source might represent the main treatment works a well head or satellite 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV treatment facility or an unwanted contaminant intrusion Check this property to specify a source at the reservoir Source Type A water quality source can be designated as a concentration or booster source A concentration source fixes the concentration of any external inflow entering the network such as flow from a reservoir or from a negative demand placed at a junction A mass booster source adds a fixed mass flow to that entering the node from other points in the network A flow paced booster source adds a fixed concentration to that resulting from the mixing of all inflow to the node from other points in the network A setpoint booster source fixes the concentrat
88. fault set of properties To change the value of a specific property for an object we must select the object while the tool is selected Depending on the selected element the corresponding property editor dialog is opened 1 5 1 Setting Node Properties The nodes in our example network are assumed to have the following properties Node Elevation Demand m l s RESERVOIR 200 0 2 210 0 3 220 9 5 4 210 9 5 5 200 12 6 6 210 9 5 7 210 0 TANK 253 0 PUMP 210 Suction PUMP 210 Discharge 1 Let us begin by selecting Junction 2 into the Property Dialog Keeping active the node theme in the table of contents TOC click on it 2 Enter the elevation and demand for this node in the appropriate gaps After this we need only click on another node to have its properties appear next in the Property Editor Dialog We could also press the top dialog buttons to move to the next or previous object of the same type in the database Thus we can simply move from one junction to the next and fill in our elevations and demands 18 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL a AL TION PROPERTIES Junion mw Taf Elevator 230 mg E Sige Base Demand 95 ps Patter C Nupe Tota ese Den a Der Categor FT Emite irena Let a 5 i EE Qu ode E Initial Dual 0 man Source Source Type ee Fig 10 Quick Tutorial Junction Properties 3 For the Reservoir enter its elevation of 210 m in the Total Head field For the ta
89. fter each 24 hour interval of time Lewin Faliers liers 3 Time Poenod 6 00 hrs Awg 100 l ee bermea Pattern Paren it Demand Tea Pad 1 2 3 4 Muth 05 11 1 12 Hera E E H g Tine Potiod Gi Avg 1 00 Mule ft Fig 19 Quick Tutorial Demand Pattern Dialog Viewing a Pattern Chart 26 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL We now need to assign Demandl pattern to the Demand Pattern property of all of the junctions in our network We can utilize one of GISRed s Default Hydraulic Options to avoid having to edit each junction individually If you bring up Scenario Defaults Hydraulics in the menu bar you will see that there is an item called Default Pattern Setting its value equal to Demand1 will make the Demand Pattern at each junction equal Demand1 providing no other pattern is assigned to the junction Alternatively we can use the Group Edit dialog to assign the pattern to all Junctions In that case 1 Select all junction with the Select Feature tool the active theme 2 Bring up Edit Model Group Edit 2 Group Edit xi Fon all selected Juren Replace EN Demand Fattem wilh Demand OK Cancel Fig 20 Quick Tutorial Group Editing 3 Select the property Demand Pattern and Demand1 from the dropdown list 4 Accept GISRed shows a report window specifying the number of junctions affected by the change 27 1 QUICK START
90. g on the theme s legend itself Whether a theme is on or off Each theme has a check box to its left that indicates whether the theme is currently drawn in the scenario view You control which themes are drawn in your scenario view by simply checking these boxes The order the themes are drawn in The theme at the top of the Table of Contents is drawn on top of those below it Themes that form the background to your view are therefore at the bottom of the list Simply drag themes up and down in the Table of Contents to change the order they are drawn in Which themes are active When you make themes active you choose which themes you wish to work with When a theme is active it is highlighted in the Table of Contents Simply click a theme s name or legend to make it active To make more than one theme active hold down SHIFT when you click on the themes Most of the operations you can perform on a scenario view work on the active theme s For example when you select features on a scenario view features are only selected from the active theme s Which theme is editable A dashed line around the theme s check box indicates that you are currently editing the features in the theme Only themes based on a shapefile can be edited Hiding the Table of Contents To hide the Table of Contents drag its right border all the way to the left The scenario view will redraw to fill the whole window To show the Table of Contents again drag
91. gate throug available tools P Fig 43 Error Navigator 66 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO 5 4 GIS COVERAGES This part is still not developed It will allow the user to import ArclINFO coverages into the scenario 5 5 EPANET INPUT FILES Use this option to import an EPANET input file to your current scenario It is possible to import Epanet input files from the version 1 0 and 2 0 just inp files If an Epanet input file v1 0 is to be imported the application will look for the reference to the map file coordinates file in the input file MAP section if it is not found the user will be prompted to look for that file manually NOTE Only pipes and junctions will be imported gt To import an EPANET input file 11 Select the EPANET Input Files importation type 12 Enter the path of the INP file or press on Search to look for it manually 13 Press Import 2 Importing Epanet INP File Fig 44 Importing an EPANET input file 5 6 GISRED PROJECT Use this option to import an GISRed project to a new scenario This is useful when the user wants to import an old version of an GISRed project The application looks for certain basic fields in the old database and adapts the data into the structure of the new version gt To import an GISRed project 1 Select the GISRed Project importation type 2 Fill in all the fields to create a new project and the parent scenario 3 Press OK to import the whole p
92. ges that depict the same thematic information for a given geographic area of interest It is possible to add as many catalog themes as required The image catalog is stored in a dBASE file The legend of image theme created from an image catalog is based on the first image found in the image catalog All legend settings from the first image in the image catalog are used for each image in the image catalog gt To add a catalog theme Use the menu option Add Customized theme or click on LA Choose Image Catalog in the Category combo box Choose an Image Format Enter a Name for the Catalog LUN 2 New Theme in ScenPrueba l x Name Category Catalog Image Catalog Description Mew image catalog PA Image Format JPEG JFIF Fig 36 Adding an image catalog to the scenario 5 Press OK The application asks for the first image to be added to the Catalog Once the user chooses one image file GISRed opens the image in a new view and shows the Tic Selection Dialog Now the user has to enter the matching points between the image of the view and the scenario To do that 7 Click the first point on the view The Tic Selection dialog shows the coordinates of the selected point It is possible to type the coordinates directly on the dialog 8 Click the first point on the scenario Idem 9 Click the second point on the view Idem 10 Click the second point on the scenario
93. gnated number of individuals from the population who compete in a tournament for inclusion into the mating pool Tournament selection in its simplest form consists of a binary tournament involving the direct competition of two individuals for survival by the comparison of their fitness function with the fitter of the two surviving The tournament size can be increased thereby increasing the selection pressure in the GA This ranking of the population allows for a constant selection pressure as in rank based fitness allocation Use of tournament selection has shown better performance than the roulette wheel selection Goldberg and Deb 1990 A variation of this selection mechanism is the deterministic tournament selection whereby the number of times that an individual can partake in a tournament in each generation is limited thereby controlling the number of progeny each individual can have Therefore say in binary tournaments the fittest individual in the population can expect two offspring in the next population the average individual one and the least fit none 159 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY CENTRE FOR WATER SYSTEMS UNIVERSITY OF EXETER The tournament selection used in the GA library is a simple binary tournament that randomly chooses the two individuals to go into the tournament from the population Steady state GA limits the application to such a binary tournament Tournament selection should not be used with a nic
94. h a structure not controlled by ened Those custom built by GISRed are MODEL basic network model themes links and nodes RD SGMNT road segment themes used to geocode streets STREETS street themes used to build street themes without the need to geocode GRID grid themes surfaces etc AUX auxiliary themes Used normally to add information they are not modelling oriented IMG CATALOG image catalog themes a Source This field indicates whether the theme is controlled by GISRed or not If it is custom built from the application the value should be GISRED Otherwise ArcView is the default value a Type This field specifies with an icon whether the theme is a polyline theme a point theme a grid or a polygon theme a Description It presents a description for the selected theme This field is editable gt To Add Remove a theme to from the scenario table of contents 1 Toggle on off the check box on the left 2 Click OK 3 The theme is added removed to from the TOC When a theme is removed this way it is not removed from disk it is just removed from the scenario TOC and will continue appearing on the TOC theme manager for its future use 10 3 GISRED CUSTOM BUILT THEMES An ArcView theme is a set of geographic features in a view that represents a source of geographic data such as a spatial data source an ARC INFO coverage ArcView shapefile a CAD drawing an image etc This data can
95. h the environment and options of ArcView GIS you should review the ArcView GIS User s Manual 1 1 EXAMPLE NETWORK In this tutorial we will analyze the simple distribution network shown below It consists of a source reservoir e g a treatment plant clearwell from which water is pumped into a two loop pipe network There is also a pipe leading to a storage tank that floats on the system RESERVOIR TANK Fig 4 Quick Tutorial Example Network 1 2 PROJECT SETUP Our first task is to create a new project in GISRed and make sure that certain default options are selected As mentioned before GISRed is an ArcView extension thus if ArcView is not already running then launch it from the Windows Start menu 1 Once opened go to Extensions in the File menu when the ArcView Project Window is active and select GISRED Pressing the OK button will load the extension and things will be ready to begin 2 Select GISRed New to create a new project Alternatively the button New on the Scenarios Document of the ArcView Project Window can be used to create a new GISRed project 3 Enter a Name for the Project a path for the database to be stored and a name for the parent scenario These properties are necessary to create the new project Finally press Create 13 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV sep Project E Scenario parent Cy i ot PojctMame TUTOPML 2 Directons A A ES Red Tutosa
96. he first individual that it is better than First Weaker Replaces the first weakest It starts from the beginning of the population the fittest individual and iterates through to the last The first individual that it finds that has a lower fitness value it replaces Weakest The created individual is added to the population The population is then sorted and the last individual is deleted the least fit A 2 2 Generational GA Differs from the steady state GA in that the whole new population is constructed each generation This new population then replaces the old population Another population is created in each subsequent generation This GA has been shown to be slower in convergence A 3 SELECTION TECHNIQUES The selection functions determines the individuals that are to undergo crossover and mutation Points to remember in choosing the selection technique is Trade off between the diversity in the population and the convergence The type of genetic algorithm to be implemented 158 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY A 3 1 Uniform Random The parents are chosen randomly from the population for reproduction A 3 2 Rank Biased Rank biased selection uses the ranking of an individual to bias the selection The GA library sorts the population from best individual to least fit individual Placing a value to the Bias O lt Bias lt 10 places a bias toward those individuals with a highest fitness As Bias gt 1 the
97. he mouse to enter the first point of the pipe and double click when entering the last point to tell GISRed that you are finished entering vertices 5 Note how an outline of the pipe is drawn as you move the mouse from the reservoir to node 2 6 Note also how two new nodes appear at the ends of the pipe W 7 Repeat this procedure for pipes 2 through 9 The Tank will also be added later on Every time you draw a pipe clicking very close to an existing node within a tolerance the pipes will snap This way all pipes coming together at an intersection will share the Same node since the snapping environment is automatically set The connectivity degree of the node will be equal to the number of pipes intersecting at that point 8 Pipe 10 is curved To draw it click the mouse first on Node 5 Then as you move the mouse towards Node 6 click at those points where a change of direction is needed to maintain the desired shape Complete the process by double clicking on Node 6 15 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV At this point we will add the rest of the objects c Editing Tools Fig 8 Quick Tutorial Node Editing Tools If the link toolbar is still open it is enough to make the node theme active in order to see the node tool bar otherwise make the node theme the active one and use the same button menu as for links to open the node tool bar 1 Add the reservoir by clicking the reservoir button on the Node Too
98. he pump and is plotted on the vertical Y axis of the curve in feet meters Flow rate is plotted on the horizontal X axis in flow units A valid pump curve must have decreasing head with increasing flow GISRed as in EPANET will use a different shape of pump curve depending on the number of points supplied gt Single Point Curve A single point pump curve is defined by a single head flow combination that represents a pump s desired operating point GISRED adds two more points to the curve by assuming a shutoff head at zero flow equal to 133 of the design head and a maximum flow at zero head equal to twice the design flow It then treats the curve as a three point curve gt Three Point Curve A three point pump curve is defined by three operating points a Low Flow point flow and head at low or zero flow condition a Design Flow point flow and head at desired operating point and a Maximum Flow point flow and head at maximum flow GISRED tries to fit a continuous function of the form he A Bq through the three points to define the entire pump curve In this function h head gain q flow rate and A B and C are constants gt Multi Point Curve A multi point pump curve is defined by providing either a pair of head flow points or four or more such points GISRED creates a complete curve by connecting the points with straight line segments For variable speed pumps the pump curve shifts as the speed changes The re
99. hey have the same diameter material and roughness Obviously junctions with more than two pipes connected to them cannot be deleted In this case it is necessary to start deleting pipes After a deleting operation the user is prompted with a summary window saying how many nodes could be deleted and how many could not 51 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 4 6 MOVING A JUNCTION GISRed only allows to move junctions gt To move a node to another location on the scenario 1 Open the Node toolbar Select the Move J unction tool l Click the junction to move Click the new location for the junction All links connected to that junction are moved as well A uy Ea AA BEBE EN E Pbro PROJECT MET llana SES AB PTFE Ld Fig 32 Moving a Node 52 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS 4 7 OTHER OPERATIONS 4 7 1 Modifying Pipe Layout To reshape any of the pipes use the tool of the link toolbar 1 Z 3 First click on the pipe to select it Automatically a new red dashed outline shows up New vertices can be added to the outline just by clicking on it To move a vertex place the pointer on it the cursor will change and then drag it with the left mouse button held down to its new position To delete a vertex place the pointer on it and use the Del key Click anywhere on the scenario to accept the new shape Fig 33 Modifying Pipe Layout m 4 7 2 Connecting Pipes gt To connect an end junct
100. hing technique Engelhardt 1999 used this for large tournament sizes although this was with a deterministic type tournament selection using different code A 3 5 SRSWR Stochastic Remainder Selection Without Replacement Works similar to roulette wheel selection The ratio of each individual s fitness to the average fitness of the population is calculated For each individual where this ratio is above one a number of copies equal to the whole number of the ratio are placed in the chosen set The remainder of the ratio the decimal bit is kept The remaining individuals to make the size of the chosen set equal to that of the population are chosen from these remainder values using roulette wheel selection NOTE Currently this selection scheme is only set up for the case of a steady state GA 160 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY A 4 CROSSOVER TECHNIQUES Crossover is the primary mechanism to share information from parents to individuals Therefore it is the fundamental mechanism that ensures that a GA performs better than a simple random search The major variable that controls this mechanism is the probability of crossover This determines whether crossover occurs on the chosen individuals Probability of crossover in range 0 5 1 0 Asa guide use 0 9 for a steady state GA and 0 7 for a generational GA A 4 1 None No crossover occurs Fundamentally the GA thus becomes a simple hill climbing function the hil
101. ice The average or nominal price of energy in monetary units per kw hr Used only for computing the cost of energy usage Leave blank if not applicable or if the global value supplied with the scenario s Energy Options will be used Monetary units are not explicitly represented Price Pattern The ID label of the time pattern used to describe the variation in energy price throughout the day Each multiplier in the pattern is applied to the pump s Energy Price to determine a time of day pricing for the corresponding period Leave blank if not applicable or if the global pricing pattern specified in the Scenario s Energy Options will be used Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor OTHER Initial Status State of the pump open or closed at the start of the simulation period Controls By pressing this button the application checks if there are control rules associated to the pump If so an information window is opened specifying the control rules and highlighting the nodes the pump is dependant upon 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 6 VALVE PROPERTIES A WALYE PROPERTIES l al x Valve Valve x M a e EI Wale dentificatio Valve Vave Type PSV Description Pressure Sustaining Valve 1 Tag Pressure Zone 1 Upstream Downstream Nodes Up Valve1UpS Descrip Start Node Elev 71 m Down Valve1DwS Descrip End Node Elev 20 m Initial Quality 1 mg l Hy
102. icted variables W y Ideally points should be distributed on the line with unit slope and zero intercept A summary statistics which reflects how well the latter is achieved is given by the correlation coefficient Cooley et al 1990 In an ideal case the value of R should be equal to one According to Cooley and Naff 1990 values equal to or greater than approximately 0 90 indicate a good model fit 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION Value R can also be interpreted as a fraction of the total variance of model predictions that can be explained by the model Akaike Information Criterion AIC and Schwarz et al Information Criterion BIC The statistics called information criteria IC accurately reflect the fact that as the number of calibration parameters increases the reliability of parameter estimates indicated by absolute or relative parameter uncertainty on the average decreases Several IC exist nowadays Two most widely used are AIC and BIC Carrera et al 1986b They are defined as follows AIC S a 2 Na BIC S a Na In N where S a negative natural logarithm of the likelihood Obviously the smaller the value of IC the better the model Note that above mentioned statistics are of indicative type only i e in the case when values of AIC or BIC for a model with fewer parameters are only slightly larger than the statistics of another model it is usually better to select the model with fewer parameter
103. ility that true values of two or more parameters are simultaneously within the specified region In the case of two parameters the joint confidence region is an ellipse whose actual size is defined by ellipse semi axes which are proportional to the Square roots of the corresponding eigenvalues of the Cova parameter covariance matrix The direction of the ellipse axis is defined by eigenvectors of Cova The degree of the linear dependence correlation between parameters al and a2 is indicated by the angle between ellipse major axis and the horizontal parameters a1 and a2 are independent when the mentioned angle is equal to zero Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the parameter covariance matrix can be computed by singular value decomposition of that matrix Trace of the Parameter Covariance Matrix Sum of diagonal elements of the covariance matrix It is an indicator of the overall parameter uncertainty NOTE Uncertainty of an estimated model parameter is usually estimated by parameter variance which is estimated as the corresponding diagonal element of the parameter variance covariance matrix Condition Number of the Parameter Covariance Matrix defined as a ratio of the maximum and minimum eigenvalue of the above mentioned matrix equal to 1 in an ideal case Correlation Coefficient R amp R 2 Cooley and Naff Inspection of the model fit can also be achieved graphically by plotting weighted observations W y versus weighted model pred
104. ime of day or tank water levels Exploring different Legend Options such as changing the node size the type of classification etc Creating a catalog image and adding an aerial photograph to digitize the network over the image Using the overview map Interpolating elevations Allocating nodal demands Setting up a calibration configuration with the calibration manager Exporting the scenario to a image file Creating customized layouts Querying the network current nodal demands pipe roughness values diameters etc Checking the connectivity 28 CHAPTER 2 GISRED S GUI GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE This chapter discusses the essential features of GISRed s workspace It describes all the menus and tools that the extension adds to the ArcView environment The GISRed Extension extends the ArcView interface by adding a series of new menus and dialogs to assist the user in the process of making a water distribution network model 2 1 EXTENSION WORKSPACE The basic GISRed workspace is pictured below It consists of the following extended user interface elements a new Document four additional Menus and eight Tools A description of each of these elements is provided in the sections that follow PM Pee FS Fig 21 GISRed Workspace 29 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GRUPO REDHISP UPV 2 1 1 PROJECT GUI ArcView Project Manager When the extension is loaded a new document is added to the ArcView P
105. ince the start of the simulation in decimal hours or in hours minutes format 99 9 CONTROLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV clocktime a 24 hour clock time hours minutes Some examples of simple controls are CONTROL STATEMENT MEANING Close Link 12 when the level in Tank 23 exceeds LINK 12 CLOSED IF NODE 23 ABOVE 20 20 ft Open Link 12 if the pressure at Node 130 drops LINK 12 OPEN IF NODE 130 BELOW 30 below 30 psi Set the relative speed of pump 12 to 1 5 at 16 LINK 12 1 5 AT TIME 16 hours into the simulation LINK 12 CLOSED AT CLOCKTIME 10 AM Link 12 is repeatedly closed at 10 AM and opened at 8 PM throughout the simulation LINK 12 OPEN AT CLOCKTIME 8 PM There is no limit on the number of simple control statements that can be used Note Level controls are stated in terms of the height of water above the tank bottom not the elevation total head of the water surface Note Using a pair of pressure controls to open and close a link can cause the system to become unstable if the pressure settings are too close to one another In this case using a pair of Rule Based controls might provide more stability 9 1 1 GISRed Simple Controls EDITOR 2 Simple Control Rules Simple Control Lis _ Pump 335 controlled by level in Tank 1 U AV hen pump is closed bypass pipe ls opened Dwn LINK 335 OPEN IF Node 1 BELOW 17 1 Add Contra p Edit Comment Delete Control Descnption Import tex
106. ing attribute table They can also support DTM digital terrain models from which the elevation at nodes can be directly computed GISRed can interpolate elevations at nodes from a theme of scattered points making use of the IDW Inverse distance weighted method It is also possible to make use of a GRID theme to interpolate elevations at each node in this way the Spatial Analyst extension is required gt The process to compute the elevation at each node using a theme of scattered points IDW method is as follows 1 Select Model Tools Elevation Interpolation 2 The following dialog appears 2 NODE ELEVATION INTERPOLATION x Model Nodes Theme Select how to interpolate the elevation Point Theme T Elevation Field Num Neighbors 3 Initial Readius 0 Interpolate Cancelar Fig 68 Elevation Interpolation Dialog The first field within the dialog is non editable and corresponds to the node theme of the network 3 Choose the option by using an Elevation Point Theme 4 Select the point theme that contains the elevations 5 Specify the elevation field 119 13 ELEVATION INTERPOLATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 Specify the parameters for the interpolation method the number of Nearest Neighbors and the initial Radius in the interpolation The number of Nearest Neighbors is the total number of input points the initial Radius is the starting radius to search for points 7 Pre
107. ing time step e AVERAGE time averaged results reported e MINIMUM minimum value results reported e MAXIMUM maximum value results reported e RANGE difference between maximum and minimum results reported Statistical processing is applied to all node and link results obtained between the Report Start Time and the Total Duration To run a single period hydraulic analyses also called a snapshot analysis enter 0 for Total Duration In this case entries for all of the other time options with the exception of Starting Time of Day are not used Water quality analyses always require that a non zero Total Duration be specified 131 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 15 1 5 Energy Options Energy Analysis Options provide default values used to compute pumping energy and cost when no specific energy parameters are assigned to a given pump They consist of the following OPTION DESCRIPTION Pump Efficiency Default pump efficiency Energy Price per Kw h Price of energy per kilowatt hour Monetary units are not explicitly represented Price Pattern ID label of a time pattern used to represent variations in energy price with time Leave blank if not applicable Demand Charge Additional energy charge per maximum kilowatt usage 132 CHAPTER 16 NETWORK SIMULATION 16 1 EXPORTING EPANET INPUT FILES To export an EPANET input file 1 Select Scenario Export Epanet Input File from the menu bar or click on
108. ion of a pipe only those with connectivity degree of 1 to another junction 1 Make the node theme the active one 2 Open the node toolbar ry 3 Click on the tool oy 4 Click on the junction you want to connect origin The pipe will be highlighted 5 Click on the destination junction 6 The pipe will be connected to the destination junction 53 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV lt Erie GIS daa Ele Ed Wem heme Daes Someso fide Model Model Tanks fdo lep w Se Se ATA eae El Nt ERE COPOS e eee a Scala IES MB PROJECT MET 21 Che SCE el Peet Para ES Fig 34 Connecting Pipes 4 7 3 Creating a T Connection gt To connect an end junction of a pipe only those with connectivity degree of 1 to any point of another pipe by creating a T connection Make the node theme the active one Open the node toolbar Click on the tool k l Click on the junction you want to connect origin The pipe will be highlighted Click on the destination point of the pipe it cannot be a node A T connection is automatically created O JIA W N Fig 35 Creating a T connection 54 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS 4 8 CREATING AN IMAGE CATALOG IN GISRED GISRed allows to add images to the scenario by means of an image catalog theme An image catalog is an organized collection of spatially referenced geographic images that can be accessed as one logical image theme Image catalogs typically contain ima
109. ion of any flow leaving the node as long as the concentration resulting from all inflow to the node is below the setpoint The concentration type source is best used for nodes that represent source water supplies or treatment works e g reservoirs or nodes assigned a negative demand The booster type source is best used to model direct injection of a tracer or additional disinfectant into the network or to model a contaminant intrusion Source Quality Quality of any water entering the network at this location Quality Pattern ID label of time pattern used to make source quality vary with time Leave blank if not applicable Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor 74 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES 6 3 TANK PROPERTIES 2 Tanc properties Tank 1 xi Tank ldentificatior Tank 7 Tag Elewatiorr 131 9 fe Descnptior Hydraubc Features Diameter 8 TU volume Curve zi Initial Level 131 A Min Lewet 01 ft Max Level 32 1 ft Min Volume t3 Quality Model Mixing Model Fully Mixed Initial Quel 0 mg Buk React Coel 0 1 day Source SouceType OO m ESOO aN Paten CN Exit Fig 47 Tank Properties PROPERTY DESCRIPTION TANK IDENTIFICATION A unique label used to identify the tank It can consist of a combination of up to 15 numerals or characters It cannot be the same as the ID for any other node This is a required property De
110. itive value for growth and a negative value for decay Leave blank if the Global Wall reaction coefficient from the project s Reactions Options will apply See Water Quality Reactions below for more information OTHER Initial Status Determines whether the pipe is initially open closed or contains a check valve If a check valve is specified then the flow direction in the pipe will always be from the Start node to the End node 80 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES Controls By pressing this button the application checks if there are control rules associated to the pipe If so an information window is opened specifying the control rules and highlighting the nodes the pipe is dependant upon 6 4 1 Water Quality Reactions GISRed by means of the EPANET engine can track the growth or decay of a substance by reaction as it travels through a distribution system In order to do this it needs to know the rate at which the substance reacts and how this rate might depend on substance concentration Reactions can occur both within the bulk flow and with material along the pipe wall This is illustrated in Fig 49 In this example free chlorine HOCI is shown reacting with natural organic matter NOM in the bulk phase and is also transported through a boundary layer at the pipe wall to oxidize iron Fe released from pipe wall corrosion Bulk fluid reactions can also occur within tanks GISRed allows a modeler to treat these two
111. ixes the concentration of any flow leaving the node as long as the concentration resulting from all inflow to the node is below the setpoint The concentration type source is best used for nodes that represent source water supplies or treatment works e g reservoirs or nodes assigned a negative demand The booster type source is best used to model direct injection of a tracer or additional disinfectant into the network or to model a contaminant intrusion Source Quality Quality of any water entering the network at this location Quality Pattern ID label of time pattern used to make source quality vary with time Leave blank if not applicable Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor 71 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 1 1 Emitters Emitters are devices associated with junctions that model the flow through a nozzle or orifice that discharges to the atmosphere The flow rate through the emitter varies as a function of the pressure available at the node q Cp where q flow rate p pressure C discharge coefficient and y pressure exponent For nozzles and sprinkler heads y equals 0 5 and the manufacturer usually provides the value of the discharge coefficient in units of gpm psi stated as the flow through the device at a 1 psi pressure drop Emitters are used to model flow through sprinkler systems and irrigation networks They can also be used to simulate leakage in a pipe conn
112. l Project Fig 5 Quick Tutorial New Project Dialog A new empty scenario is created and two basic themes are added Note that a new directory is also created with all the necessary tables to build a water network model In this example the new directory corresponds to c 1GISRed Tutorial 1 Now select Scenario Defaults to open the Project Defaults dialog form 2 On the ID Labels page enter all of the ID Prefix fields or leave the label prefixes by default EEr ET Values Fig 6 Quick Tutorial Defaults Dialog 3 On the Hydraulics page of the dialog choose LPS as Flow Units and Hazen Williams H W as Headloss Formula 4 Click OK to accept the changes and close the dialog 14 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL If you wanted to save these changes for all future new projects you could check the Save as defaults checkbox at the bottom of the form before accepting it 1 3 DRAWING THE NETWORK We are now ready to begin constructing our network Firstly we will add the pipes 2 Editing Tools Add E dit Fig 7 Quick Tutorial Pipe Editing Tools Let s begin with Pipe 1 connecting the Reservoir to Node 2 The Pipe is first drawn then the Reservoir and Pump will be added later on 1 Make the Link Theme Active 2 Go to the Edit Model Editing Tools menu or alternatively use the button on the toolbar or the pop up menu Click the first button on the left 4 Click t
113. l climber being mutation A 4 2 Randomise New random individuals are created every iteration This is a true random search A 4 3 Simple One Point Crossover A single location in the chromosome is chosen The first child consists of all the genes located before this crossover point of the first parent and the genes after this crossover point of the second parent A 4 4 Uniform Random Uniform crossover Syswerda 1989 differs form multi crossover in the fact that each bit is considered as a section A decision string known as a mask is randomly generated deciding whether the bit should be placed into the first child or the second child This is best shown in Parent A Parent B a the parents 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 b the crossover mask 161 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY CENTRE FOR WATER SYSTEMS UNIVERSITY OF EXETER Child A ETT Prt Tt tt A Child B FT A PA E c the progeny Figure 2 Uniform Crossover Often will outperform one point crossover as there is no positional bias on the location that a decision variable is in the string as with one point crossover There is a huge computational cost in using uniform random crossover The exception to this rule if you are using bounded integer coding A 4 5 Arithmetic This is a real type coding crossover operator The child s gene is a randomly weighted sum of the respective genes in the parents CHILD 1 CHILD 2 w random number
114. lationships between flow Q and head H at speeds N and N are 2 Q N a x O N A N EFFICIENCY CURVE An Efficiency Curve determines pump efficiency Y in percent as a function of pump flow rate X in flow units Efficiency should represent wire to water efficiency that takes into account mechanical losses in the pump itself as well as electrical losses in the pump s motor The curve is used only for energy calculations If not supplied for a specific pump then a fixed global pump efficiency will be used 95 8 CURVES GRUPO REDHISP UPV VOLUME CURVE A Volume Curve determines how storage tank volume Y in cubic feet or cubic meters varies as a function of water level X in feet or meters It is used when it is necessary to accurately represent tanks whose cross sectional area varies with height The lower and upper water levels supplied for the curve must contain the lower and upper levels between which the tank operates An example of a tank volume curve is given below HEADLOSS CURVE A Headloss Curve is used to describe the headloss Y in feet or meters through a General Purpose Valve GPV as a function of flow rate X in flow units It provides the capability to model devices and situations with unique headloss flow relationships such as reduced flow backflow prevention valves turbines and well draw down behaviour 8 1 GISRED CURVE EDITOR The Curve Editor displayed in Fig 54 edits the properties of a curv
115. lbar Then click on the node firstly drawn Notice how the cursor icon changes 2 Add the tank by clicking the tank button and then clicking on the node where the tank is located at in Fig 4 Notice how the cursor icon changes 3 Finally add the pump by pressing the tool with the pump icon and clicking on the middle of pipe 1 The pipe is split and the pump is inserted 16 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL 1 4 REPOSITIONING OBJECTS At this point we have completed drawing the example network Your network should look like the one seen in Fig 4 If the nodes are out of position you can move them around by using the t tool E clicking the node to select it and then clicking again to its new position The pipes connected to that node will move along with it gt To reshape any of the pipes use the tool of the link toolbar 1 Za First click on the pipe to select it Automatically a new red outline shows up New vertices can be added to the outline just by clicking on it To move a vertex place the pointer on it the cursor will change and then drag it with the left mouse button held down to its new position To delete a vertex place the pointer on it and use the Del key Click anywhere on the scenario to accept the new shape Fig 9 Quick Tutorial Editing pipe vertices 17 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV 1 5 SETTING PROPERTIES As objects are added to our scenario GISRed assigns them a de
116. le Demand Pattern 141 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 17 3 CALIBRATION PROCESS The following diagram depicts the process of calibration by means of the GISRed Extension LOADING NETWORK CONDITIONS MODEL FIELD DATA SETTING UP Ros gt CALIBRATION CONFIGURATION GROUPING THE NETWORK CALIBRA INPUT 5 SS ae E ee a aoe RUNNING EEE Es LIBRATION VIEWING CALIBRATION RESULTS IMPORTING RESULTS VIEWING VALIDATION RESULTS RUNNING VALIDATION COMMITING RESULTS TO THE DATABASE RUNNING THE MODEL Fig 81 GISRed Calibration Process Flowchart 142 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION Our first task is to open the Anytown network example if not opened yet 1 Launch ArcView if it is not already running Once opened go to Extensions in the File menu when the ArcView Project Window is active and select GISRED 1 0 2 Select Network Projects to open the Anytown example If the example is in the list of projects select it and press open If not select Add and enter the details required Remember that the example is provided along with the extension So you should have a directory called Anytown in AVEXT GISRED examples Let us start up by defining a new calibration configuration 1 Select Model Tools Calibration Administrator to see the main calibration dialog
117. le conditon a a condition clause Action_n an action clause PELOLTSY a priority value e g a number from to 5 Condition Clause Format A condition clause in a Rule Based Control takes the form of object id attribute relation value where object acategory of network object Id the object s ID label Attribute an attribute or property of the object relation arelational operator value an attribute value Some example conditional clauses are JUNCTION 23 PRESSURE gt 20 TANK T200 FILLTIME BELOW 3 5 104 LINK 44 STATUS IS OPEN SYSTEM DEMAND gt 1500 SYSTEM CLOCKTIME 7 30 AM The Object keyword can be any of the following NODE LINK SYSTEM JUNCTION PIPE RESERVOIR PUMP TANK VALVE When SYSTEM is used in a condition no ID is supplied The following attributes can be used with Node type elements DEMAND HEAD PRESSURE The following attributes can be used with Tanks LEVEL FILLTIME hours needed to fill a tank DRAINTIME hours needed to empty a tank These attributes can be used with Link Type elements FLOW STATUS OPEN CLOSED or ACTIVE SETTING pump speed or valve setting The SYSTEM object can use the following attributes DEMAND total system demand 9 CONTROLS TIME hours from the start of the simulation expressed either as a decimal number or in hours minutes format CLOCKTIME 24 hour clock time with AM or PM appended Relation operators consist of the fo
118. le Preview window and go on with the import process Fig 41 Applying a Coordinate Transformation 63 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO GRUPO REDHISP UPV 5 2 SHAPEFILES Use this option to import an EPANET input file to your current scenario gt To import an ArcView Shapefile 1 Select the SHAPE Files importation type The dialog of the next figure will be opened 2 You can select either a Polyline Theme in the TOC of the current scenario Theme radio button or look for a shapefile on disk File radio button If the user chooses to import a shapefile that is in the TOC Theme option all the polyline themes will be filtered and showed in the combo box Once the kind of source to import has been selected the fields of the associated table will be displayed in the next combo boxes Fields section PIPES M NODES Sou Cre C Theme Soum C File J C Theme Description Node Type ID Elevation we Demand a Description Length ae Diameter x Diameter ID Roughness Roughness ID Ausihary Tables Node Type ID Ausibary Tables L Diameter ID Check Source Connectivity T Edit Import File Theme Roughness ID g From Node To Node y Nodes Offset m Import Cancel Fig 42 Shapefile Importation Dialog 3 Choose the fields of the associated link table to import along with the sha
119. ll in at least the Base Demand and press Add or alternatively hit Enter key when the focus is at the category field To remove a category select a row and press Remove Note The total demand sum of the first column Base Demand of the listbox will be showed in the Total Base Demand field of the Junction Property Editor 72 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES 6 2 RESERVOIR PROPERTIES RESERVOIR PROPERTIES xj Reservoir Lake K 4 gt Ci amp Reservor ldentification Reservoir Lake Tag Elevation 147 Hi Desenplior Hydraube Feature Total Head 167 ft HeadPattem y Quality Mod initial Qual O magl M Source SouceType mw Fig 46 Reservoir Properties PROPERTY DESCRIPTION RESERVOIR IDENTIFICATION Reservoir A unique label used to identify the reservoir It can consist of a combination of up to 15 numerals or characters It cannot be the same as the ID for any other node This is a required property Description An optional text string that describes other significant information about the reservoir An optional text string used to assign the reservoir to a category such as a pressure zone Elevation The elevation in feet meters above some common reference of the reservoir This ae is idee it gives extra information HYDRAULIC FEATURES Total Head The hydraulic head elevation pressure head of water in the reservoir in feet m
120. llowing IS lt gt NOT lt BELOW gt ABOVE lt gt Action Clause Format An action clause in a Rule Based Control takes the form of 105 9 CONTROLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV object id STATUS SETTING IS value where object LINK PIPE PUMP or VALVE keyword id the object s ID label value a status condition OPEN or CLOSED pump speed setting or valve setting Some example action clauses are LTNK 23 a TATUS 1S CLOSED PUMP ETOO SETIITNG LS L9 VALVE 123 SETTING IS 90 NOTES 106 Only the RULE IF and THEN portions of a rule are required the other portions are optional When mixing AND and OR clauses the OR operator has higher precedence than AND i e IF Ror Band C is equivalent to IF A or B and C If the interpretation was meant to be IF A or B and C then this can be expressed using two rules as in IF A THEN IF B and C THEN The PRIORITY value is used to determine which rule applies when two or more rules require that conflicting actions be taken on a link A rule without a priority value always has a lower priority than one with a value For two rules with the same priority value the rule that appears first is given the higher priority 9 CONTROLS EXAMPLES Example 1 This set of rules shuts down a pump and opens a by pass pipe when the level in a tank exceeds a certain value and does the opposite when the level is below another value RULE 1 IE TANK 1 LEVEL ABOVE
121. meters AO aia SA a a 146 86 Calibration Mana Del sd a in 147 87 Calibration menu bar OPtiONS cccceeccceeccceecceeecceeesceeecceeeceeeseeeesceeeeees 147 SO Group Editine DIO a A A AR 148 89 Pipe Property Dialog Changing Calibration Roughness Groups cceesceeecees 149 90 Calibration Results Dial iria 151 91 Different types of graphs showing calibration results o ooooooooommmommmmsor m o s 152 vi WHAT IS THE GISRED EXTENSION GISRed Extension is an Extension to ESRI s ArcView GIS 3 2 software that integrates the widely used hydraulic modelling software EPANET 2 0 within ArcView GIS 3 x keeping all the original GIS options Consequently this add in application may be used to perform simple tasks such as drawing a basic network model from scratch or much more complex such as importing a whole dataset from an external source creating an integrated database building a network model and calibrating it The ArcView GISRed Extension is essentially a tool for helping the hydraulic engineer in the task of water distribution network modelling and decision making process within a GIS environment With the GISRed Extension the user will be able to perform the following functions found on the extension menus Management of multiple GISRed projects using the customized Project Manager The portability of the projects is assured using the extension Multiple copies clones of the same project
122. mulation has been run and the browser has been closed select Scenario Browser of Results to open the browser again 135 CHAPTER 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION Calibration of pipe network systems consists of determining the physical and operational characteristics of an existing system This is achieved by determining various parameters that when input into a hydraulic simulation model will yield a reasonable match between measured and predicted pressures and flows in the network Shamir et al 1968 17 1 INTRODUCTION In order to illustrate the capability of the calibration module of the GISRed Extension the following example is presented The network to calibrate is a small water distribution system of a hypothetical community Anytown USA originally introduced by Walski et al in 1987 The network layout is shown in the following picture SOURCE Fig 79 Anytown Network Layout 137 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 17 2 NETWORK PROPERTIES The water distribution system consists of 40 pipes 22 junction nodes 16 demand nodes 6 non demand nodes two elevated tanks one fixed head source reservoir and three pumps The complete network characteristics are given below For this example pipe roughness was expressed in terms of the Hazen Williams C factor Both tanks have bottom elevations of 65 5 m and overflow elevations of 79 5 m the water level in the clear well is maintained at an eleva
123. nectivity against the selected link shapefile or link theme Specify the FROM NODE and TO NODE fields of the associated table This is used to find out topology inconsistencies in the original information that is being imported Press Import to start the process Once the process is finished a summary window will appear specifying the number of pipes imported the number of nodes created and the number of errors detected If during the importation of pipes the application detects that one pipe already exists the user will be asked what to do with the actual pipe that is either replace it or not After the importation process if errors or inconsistencies were found an error theme will be added to the TOC of the scenario 65 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO GRUPO REDHISP UPV 5 3 ERROR THEMES AND NAVIGATOR When importing either CAD files or Shapefiles the application looks for errors amp h original files might have mainly inconsistencies in the layout After the importation jl error was detected the application will add an error theme to the TOC of th scenart possible to navigate from one error to another using the navigator utility s e EN A ASA PA gt To use the Error Navigator 1 Make the Error Theme active 2 Select Edit Model Error Navigator ad 3 A new view will be opened This view presents f ur from one error to another close the vi NOTE the user can navi
124. network if required Edit the properties of the objects that make up the system see CHAPTER 6 Describe how the system is operated by means of demand patterns pump curves control rules etc see CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 and CHAPTER 9 Interpolate elevations at selected nodes see CHAPTER 13 Allocate demands see CHAPTER 14 Select a set of analysis options see CHAPTER 15 Calibrate the network manually as a first approach Run a hydraulic water quality analysis see 16 2 View the results of the analysis see 16 3 Define a calibration configuration see CHAPTER 17 Calibrate the network using the GISRed GA calibrator Commit the calibration results Perform a new simulation Analyze the results again Shapefile GIS coverage um pon Making Topology CAD drawing i Information Error Themes Epanet INP debugging Error Themes AvEpa Project Editing Tools Simplification Definition of Network Object Properties Spatial Analysis Demand Allocation Elevation Interpolation Digitalization Network Data Source Simulation Scenario Definition Export to EPANET yo E Results Interpretation Fig 3 GISRed Model Building Process Flowchart 11 ABOUT THIS MANUAL Chapter 1 of this manual offers up a quick tutorial on the use of GISRed extension It is highly recommended that readers unfamiliar with the basics of ArcView review the ArcView quick start guide before working through thi
125. network scenario This chapter describes what these objects are and how they can be entered selected edited deleted and repositioned 4 1 TYPE OF NETWORK ELEMENTS GISRed makes the difference between network elements in two basic themes These elements as part of a theme appear on the network scenario According to the theme they belong to these elements can be classified as followed Node Theme Junctions Reservoirs Tanks Pumps Valves Link Theme Pipes 4 2 EDITING TOOLS There are a series of editing tools grouped in different toolbars that are directly dependant upon the current active theme That is similar to the way of working within standard ArcView in which the graphical user interface and menu options associated change depending on the document and current active theme of the project This confers certain flexibility as well as an intuitive friendly environment The toolbars that may be used with the application are LINK TOOLBAR DESCRIPTION The Link toolbar allows to introduce pipes to the model edit and modify vertices draw pipes by coordinates split pipes at selected nodes and delete pipes All these operations preserving the topology and connectivity of the network Adds a pipe and the end junctions using the mouse x Adds a pipe by entering the coordinates of all its vertices Edits the pipe vertices gt Deletes the selected pipes 43 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUP
126. nk enter 253 m for its elevation 2 m for its Initial Level 6 for its Maximum Level and 18 m for its Diameter 1 5 2 Setting Link Properties Assume that the pipes in our network have the following lengths and diameters Pipe Length Diameter m mm 1 1 400 2 1 400 3 1000 350 4 1500 300 5 1500 200 6 1500 200 7 1500 200 8 2000 250 9 1500 150 10 2000 150 and that all Roughness Coefficients C Factors are 100 except for pipes 1 and 2 see Fig 4 which is 140 Following the same procedure used for nodes we simply click on each pipe keeping the link theme active to move from pipe to pipe to enter its properties into the Property Editor it is also possible to use the top browser of the dialog 19 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV POPE PROPER TES Fig 11 Quick Tutorial Pipe Properties 1 6 QUERYING THE NETWORK Now that we have entered all the properties of the elements of the network it is time to check all those properties visually To do that there is a special dialog in GISRed called Network Queries ebwork Queries Fig 12 Quick Tutorial Network Queries Let us check the diameters for instance 1 Select Model Tools Queries in the menu bar or press 9 2 Check the Diameter inner pipe diameter option 3 Press OK A new theme classified by diameters is added to the scenario Try other properties in the same dialog by yourself 20 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL
127. no roughness defined 12 2 CONNECTIVITY TOOLS Another useful tool included in GISRed Extension is the Connectivity Checker This tool enables the user to perform connectivity tests based upon graph theory algorithms such as Kruskal s algorithm 2 Connectivity xj C Connectivity C Shortest Spanning Tree It offers several possibilities C Besistence Find out disconnections in the network C Diameter Find out one of the possible network trees ce Find out the shortest spanning tree based on Ov the hydraulic resistance of the pipes the diameters or the flow rate OF Cancel Fig 65 Connectivity Dialog gt To check the connectivity of the network and find out the number of unconnected networks sub networks 1 Select Model Tools Connectivity 2 Select Connectivity from the emerging dialog 3 Press OK 4 A new theme will be created and added to the scenario classified by the number of subgraphs sub networks 116 12 NETWORK TOOLS The next figure shows an example in which there are 7 disconnected sub networks La Tem TA a A AAA AAA O Tam MH AF A UA e CAE Fig 66 Checking the network connectivity Number of Sub networks gt To get one of the many Trees from the actual network 1 2 Select Model Tools Connectivity Select Connectivity from the emerging dialog Press OK A new theme will be created and adde
128. not already opened There is also a third possibility which is the popup menu to do this right click and choose Editing Tools 3 Choose the element you want to add junction reservoir tank valve or pump gt For Junctions Valves and Pumps 4 Move the mouse to the desired location on a pipe and click 5 The element is inserted at that point gt For Tanks and Reservoirs 6 Move the mouse to the desired junction and click the mouse 7 The tank reservoir is inserted at that point NOTES gt Junctions can only be added on pipes gt Tanks and Reservoirs can only be added at existing junctions Prior to entering any tank or reservoir a junction must exist gt Pumps and valves can be added either at a junction connectivity degree lower than 2 or in the middle of a pipe 47 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 4 4 SELECTING ELEMENTS To select a network element s on the scenario 1 Make sure that the scenario is the active window 2 Make the corresponding theme active gt Using the select feature tool a Click the tool b Click Drag the mouse over the desired element s on the scenario c Use the shift key to add elements to the selection gt Using the ArcView query builder The Query Builder lets you select features by defining a query based on their attributes T MODES of Mek Fig 30 ArcView Query Builder Dialog To build a query choose a Field th
129. ntify data shortcomings and needs Finally use the button Commit Values to replace the roughness of each pipe with those predicted roughness values calculated 17 7 1 STATISTICS Refer to Z Kapelan thesis 2002 gt Decision Variables Calibration Parameters Results ID Identifier of the decision variable Mean Predicted roughness value for the actual decision variable StDev Parameter standard deviation Absolute uncertainty with which each parameter value is determined CoeffVariat Parameter coefficient of variation Relative uncertainty with which each parameter value is determined 95 LinearConfidencelnterval Linear parameter confidence interval is defined as the interval that contains the true value of the analysed parameter with a probability of 95 regardless of the values of all other parameters CompScaledSens Composite Scaled Sensitivity It is considered to be a relatively good indicator of the quantity of information provided by all observations sample and prior information for the estimation of a particular parameter It is dimensionless and independent of the observed values and therefore the model fit In an ideal case all composite scaled sensitivities should have similar values i e observed information should be equally distributed among parameters According to Hill 1998 the ratio of largest to smallest cssj should not exceed app 100 to maintain a well posed problem Obviously parameters with large
130. ocess you can always make a selection in the CAD line polyline theme only applies to CAD drawing themes in the TOC so that you will only import those selected lines polylines 5 1 1 CAD DRAWING COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS 62 When you use CAD drawing files there s no guarantee that the features will be in the Same coordinate system as the data in other themes you might be displaying on your map Some CAD drawings may be digitized in actual ground coordinates and some may be digitized in page units such as inches In such cases you can apply a coordinate transformation to your CAD drawing themes to ensure that they register with your themes On the one hand ArcView supports either a one point or two point transformations A one point transformation simply shifts the CAD drawing theme to a new location in geographic space A two point transformation uses a transformation matrix that applies a coordinate offset scale and rotation uniformly to all coordinates read from the drawing source The coordinate transformations are applied using the world file What is a world file The world file is a text file with the extension WLD containing one or two pairs of X Y coordinates The first pair of X Y coordinates is the actual X Y location of any known control point in your drawing file The second pair of X Y coordinates is a new location in geographic space where you would want the CAD drawing control point to be in ArcView World file fo
131. omary to work with a specific projection and map units defined in the View Properties menu The aforementioned basic network themes can be displayed by using different symbols colors sizes etc The color coding is described in the associated Legend which can be edited New objects can be directly added to the map and existing objects can be clicked on for editing deleting and repositioning New themes such as a street or topographic map can be added to the Scenario TOC table of contents for reference The scenario can be customized zoomed to any scale and panned from one position to another as would be done for a view document using the ArcView tools The scenario can be used to create customized layouts or exported as a DXF file Windows metafile or image Y NODES of Net 3 Junction Pump F es ermo ir RX Tank Y LINKS of Net3 Fig 24 Scenario 36 CHAPTER 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJECTS This chapter discusses how GISRED uses a project database to store all network model data Moreover it explains how to work with the GISRED Project Manager to handle new existing projects and set certain default options for them 3 1 GISRED PROJECT MANAGER There are two ways to open the GISRED Project Manager Firstly make the ArcView Project window the active window and then use either 1 GISRed Project Manager or 2 Projects button that appears when the Scenarios document is the active document in the ArcView Proj
132. or CLOSED then the control setting of the valve is ignored and the valve behaves as an open or closed link respectively If set to NONE then the valve will behave as intended A valve s fixed status and its setting can be made to vary throughout a simulation by the use of control statements If a valve s status was fixed to OPEN CLOSED then it can be made active again using a control that assigns a new numerical setting to it Controls By pressing this button the application checks if there are control rules associated to the valve If so an information window is opened specifying the control rules and highlighting the nodes the valve is dependant upon 87 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 6 1 Type of Valves From a hydraulic simulator point of view valves are links that limit the pressure or flow at a specific point in the network Their principal input parameters include start and end nodes diameter setting status The computed outputs for a valve are flow rate and headloss The different types of valves included in GISRed are Pressure Reducing Valve PRV Pressure Sustaining Valve PSV Pressure Breaker Valve PBV Flow Control Valve FCV Throttle Control Valve TCV General Purpose Valve GPV gt PRVs limit the pressure at a point in the pipe network EPANET computes in which of three different states a PRV can be in partially opened i e active to achieve its pressure setting
133. or respectively Chapter 9 shows the control rules editors Simple and rule based controls are explained Chapter 10 gives details on how to manage shapefile themes in the scenario It shows the TOC manager and the custom built themes Chapter 11 focuses attention on how to query the network that is to make new themes classified by diameter demand elevation etc Chapter 12 shows the tools available to check the connectivity and verify other properties of the network Chapter 13 explains how to interpolate elevations in the network nodes by means of a theme of scattered points with an elevation reference Chapter 14 is dedicated to the process of demand allocation the method used and the tools available Chapter 15 describes the various options that control how a hydraulic water quality analysis is made Chapter 16 shows how to run a network simulation and how to view the results on the scenario Chapter 17 is all about the network model calibration using genetic algorithms This chapter gives an explanation on the calibration process and how to interpret the calibration results Appendix A shows the particularities of the GA library used as calibrator and Appendix B provides a table of units of expression for all design and computed parameters 12 CHAPTER 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL This chapter provides a tutorial on how to use GISRed Water Distribution Model Builder Extension by means of a quick example If you are not familiar wit
134. oved and press w The X Y value will be removed Place the focus after the last X Y value to go on with the edition a To see a chart of the points press the button SHOW Automatically this button turns to HIDE Press again to hide the chart view If the chart view is opened as you enter new coordinates in the X Y list box the points are redrawn in the preview window QO For single and three point pump curves the equation generated for the curve will be displayed in the Equation box a You can also click the Load button to load in curve data that was previously saved to file Curves saved from EPANET can be loaded in GISRed and vice versa 97 8 CURVES GRUPO REDHISP UPV gt To Clone a curve md R Select the curve to Clone Type amp Curve Press Clone An exact copy of the curve will be created ready to be edited A default curve ID is suggested The way to operate at this point is just as described before When finished editing click the OK button to accept the curve or the Cancel button to cancel your entries gt To Edit a curve ol K WN Select the curve to Edit Type amp Curve Press Edit The curve will enter in editing mode Make the necessary changes When finished editing click the OK button to accept the curve or the Cancel button to cancel your entries gt To Delete a curve 1 2 3 Select the curve to delete Type amp Curve Press Del
135. p This is anon editable property By default the Suction Node is named as the Pump ID but adding the UpS suffix meaning upstream Description An optional text string that describes other significant information Suction node about the pump suction node Elevation The elevation in feet meters above some common reference of Suction node the pump suction This is a required property Elevation is used only to compute pressure at that point It does not affect any other computed quantity Discharge End Node The ID of the node on the suction side of the pump This is a non editable property By default the Discharge Node is named 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES as the Pump ID but adding the DwS suffix meaning downstream Description An optional text string that describes other significant information Discharge node about the pump discharge node Elevation The elevation in feet meters above some common reference of Discharge node the pump discharge This is a required property Elevation is used only to compute pressure at that point It does not affect any other computed quantity Initial Quality Water quality level at the suction and discharge nodes at the start of the simulation period Can be left blank if no water quality analysis is being made or if the level is zero HYDRAULIC AND ENERGY FEATURES Pump Curve The ID label of the pump curve used to describe the relationship between the head delivered by
136. pes These fields correspond to the properties specified in the next framed section Choose NONE if you do not want to import that field 4 Select the auxiliary tables that contain the relation between Diameter ID s and Diameter values Same for the roughness NOTE This option is still not available 64 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO Enter a value for the nodes offset this value is 0 3 m by default This is really the tolerance used to check the connectivity between pipes every time a new pipe polyline line is imported Toggle on the NODES checkbox if you you have a node shapefile which to compare against This is used to compare the end nodes that the application creates every time a new pipe is imported with a shapefile that contains a set of nodes with certain characteristics Choose the fields of the associated node table to import These fields correspond to the properties specified in the next framed section Choose NONE if you do not want to import that field These properties are imported just when a node from the shapefile matches geographically within the specified tolerance with the nodes that the application create during the link importation process If the existing and read node match geographically the existing node gets all the properties of the read node NOTE The node auxiliary tables section is not used anymore Toggle on the Check Source Connectivity to check the con
137. pipes can only be merged if they have the same diameter material and roughness Obviously junctions with more than two pipes connected to them cannot be deleted In this case it is necessary to start deleting pipes After a deleting operation the user is prompted with a summary window saying how many nodes could be deleted and how many could not 44 je 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS AUXILIARY PIPE TOOLBAR DESCRIPTION The Auxiliary Pipe Toolbar is a toolbar for pipe themes not oriented to modelling It El A works in a similar way as the Pipe Toolbar but it does not take into account any i topology action pipes will not have end DE nodes This toolbar is associated to a customized polyline theme controlled by the application See section 10 3 to know how to add GISRed themes to the scenario Adds a pipe using the mouse Adds a pipe by entering the coordinates of all its vertices a Edits the pipe vertices Deletes the selected pipes IMAGE TOOLBAR DESCRIPTION Editing Tools Heal eels The Image Toolbar works with the image E i catalogs Adds an image to an image catalog See section 4 8 E Deletes an image from a catalog by clicking on the corresponding image 45 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 4 3 ADDING NETWORK ELEMENTS 4 3 1 Adding a Link gt To add a straight or curved pipe NOTES 46 1 JUI K Ww Make the link theme the active theme on the scenario Selec
138. probability of mutation needs to be carefully thought out If the probability of mutation is less than 1 chromosome length then no mutation will occur If 1 chromosome length lt Pmut lt 2 chromosome length then one mutation can be expected per chromosome In effect the choice of mutation rate implies how many bits will undergo mutation A Pma of 1 implies complete random mutation A 5 3 Non Uniform Random This differs from Uniform Random mutation in that the mutation is not random rather follows heuristic rules implied by the programmer Whether this heuristic rule is followed is user defined by the mutation bias variable Essentially as the GA converges the Allelle value is either increased or decreased following a heuristic equation Allele Allele Allele LowerorUpperBound 1 Random 1 Complete 3 Iteration Numb where Complete ee 4 MutationMaximumlterations and LowerBound and UpperBound are the value applied as the respective bounds of the Allele value or the friction factors in the case that this mutator operator was designed for The Bias and the MutationMaximumlterations are user defined factors 163 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY CENTRE FOR WATER SYSTEMS UNIVERSITY OF EXETER A 6 CONVERGENCE CRITERIA As GAs are stochastic in nature a decision is required on when the GA has converged There are two options available MIN REQUIRED FITNESS VARIANCE The GA stops when
139. puted quantity 86 ay 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES DOWNSTREAM End Node The ID of the node on the nominal downstream or discharge side of the valve This is a non editable property By default the Downstream Node is named as the Valve ID but adding the DwS suffix meaning downstream Description An optional text string that describes other significant information End node about the valve downstream node Elevation The elevation in feet meters above some common reference of End node the valve end node This is a required property Elevation is used only to compute pressure at that point It does not affect any other computed quantity Initial Quality Water quality level at the start and end nodes at the start of the simulation period Can be left blank if no water quality analysis is being made or if the level is zero HYDRAULIC FEATURES Diameter The valve diameter in inches mm This is a required property Setting A required parameter that describes the valve s operational setting Valve Type Setting Parameter PRV Pressure psi or m PSV Pressure psi or m PBV Pressure psi or m FCV Flow flow units TCV Loss Coefficient unitless GPV ID of head loss curve Click the ellipsis button to open the curve editor Loss Coefficient Unitless minor loss coefficient that applies when the valve is completely opened Assumed 0 if left blank Fixed Status Valve status at the start of the simulation If set to OPEN
140. rcent feet flow units psi kilowatt hours CFS cubic feet sec GPM gallons min MGD million gal day IMGD Imperial MGD AFD acre feet day unitless feet feet unitless horsepower pounds per square inch 1 day 1st order mass L day 0 order ft day 1st order 10 feet Darcy Weisbach unitless otherwise mass minute feet second cubic feet hours SI MET RIC mg L or 5g L see Flow units millimeters meters percent meters flow units meters kilowatt hours LPS liters sec LPM liters min MLD megaliters day CMH cubic meters hr CMD cubic meters day unitless meters meters unitless kilowatts meters 1 day 1st order mass L day 0 order meters day 1st order millimeters unitless otherwise mass minute meters second cubic meters hours Darcy Weisbach REFERENCES Bartolin H 1998 Desarrollo de mejoras sobre una plataforma de enlace entre un Sistema de Informaci n Geogr fica SIG y un software de simulaci n hidr ulica para la gesti n de una red de abastecimiento Aplicaci n a la red de Valencia Proyecto Final de Carrera ETSII UPV Bartolin H Martinez F Monterde N 2001 Connecting ArcView 3 2 to EPANET 2 A full environment to manage water distribution systems using models Water software systems theory and applications International Conference on Computing and Control for the W
141. reaction zones separately Bulk Fluid OO Kw Fe 2 Fe 3 Boundary Layer Fig 49 Reactions zones within a pipe 6 4 1 1 Bulk Reactions EPANET models reactions occurring in the bulk flow with n th order kinetics where the instantaneous rate of reaction R in mass volume time is assumed to be concentration dependent according to R K C Here K a bulk reaction rate coefficient C reactant concentration mass volume and n a reaction order K has units of concentration raised to the 1 n power divided by time It is positive for growth reactions and negative for decay reactions EPANET can also consider reactions where a limiting concentration exists on the ultimate growth or loss of the substance In this case the rate expression becomes R K C CC for n gt 0 K gt 0 R K C C C gt for n gt 0 K lt 0 81 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV where C the limiting concentration Thus there are three parameters Kp Ci and n that are used to characterize bulk reaction rates Some special cases of well known kinetic models include the following Model Parameters Examples First Order Decay C 0 Kk lt 0 n 1 Chlorine First Order Saturation Growth C gt 0 Ky gt 0 n 1 Trihalomethanes Zero Order Kinetics C 0 Ky lt gt 0 n 0 Water Age No Reaction C 0 K 0 Fluoride Tracer The K for first order reactions can be estimated by placing
142. ries Default ID labels labels used to identify nodes and links when they are first created Default node link properties e g node elevation pipe length diameter and roughness Default hydraulic analysis options e g system of units headloss equation etc To set default values for a project 1 Select Scenario Defaults from the Menu Bar 2 A Defaults dialog form will appear with three radio buttons one for each category listed above T Default Values CDi Labels Node Elevation Tank Heaght ou C Hydas Pe lengh mm Anio Length ii Poe Diane 100 Ppe Fhoughness TL Sarre ses diebsults hor all mew poeci Fig 27 GISRed Projects Defaults 3 Choose a category and click on the Default Value column of the ListBox to edit the value 4 Change the value in the Default Value Textline and commit the value pressing Enter The value should then change in the listbox 5 Check the box in the lower left of the dialog form if you want to save your choices for use in all new future projects as well 6 Press Reset to change all defaults to original values 7 Click OK to accept your choice of defaults The specific items for each category of defaults will be discussed next DEFAULT ID LABELS The ID Labels page of the Defaults dialog form is used to determine how GISRed will assign default ID labels to network components when they are first created For each type of object one can enter a l
143. rmat The world file format is shown below lt X Y location in CAD drawing gt lt space gt lt X Y location in geographic space gt NOTES The world file must have the WLD extension and cannot have more than two lines in the above format ArcView automatically applies the world file when it finds a valid file name with the same prefix as the drawing file name in the same sub directory For example suppose you ve stored sample dwg and sample wld files in the same sub directory When you add themes from sample dwg ArcView automatically uses the sample wld file for coordinate transformations On the other hand the CAD importation dialog allows the user to define directly the two pairs of X Y coordinates just by clicking on the corresponding points of the CAD drawing and the scenario gt To apply a coordinate transformation to a theme based on a CAD drawing Once the line layer has been selected press on 8 A new view will be opened showing the CAD drawing Now press the arrow button Click the first point on the CAD drawing view Note how the coordinates of the point are written in the x1 yl fields LUN oS 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO Click the first point on the Scenario Note how the coordinates of the point are written in the X1 Y1 fields Click the second point on the CAD drawing view Click the second point on the Scenario When all the points have been defined the user can close the CAD Fi
144. rn time step as well as the simulation duration 1 Select Scenario Analysis Options Times Energy from the menu bar and dialog respectively 2 Enter 6 for the value of the Pattern Time Step 3 Enter 72 hours 3 days for the simulation Duration 1 Analysis Options Paiem Time Step E0 te Patten Start Tere 0 00 Hydesubc Time Siep 100 Fiepoing Time Sep 1 00 Quality Time Step 0 Repot Start Time 000 Shatishe Moe gt DiockStatTme Miam Total Dura on 1 oe oY Puro El ciency 2 T Demand Change T Energy Fios h 0 PicePaten Hl Le eet Fig 17 Quick Tutorial Analysis Options Dialog 25 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL GRUPO REDHISP UPV 1 12 CREATING THE TIME PATTERN To create the time pattern 1 Select the Patterns option in the Edit Model menu 2 Select Demand category and click on the New button By default the new pattern is named Demandl and is ready to be edited Fig 18 Quick Tutorial Adding a New Demand Pattern 3 Enter the multiplier values 0 5 1 3 1 0 1 2 for the time periods 1 to 4 Press Enter to add a new multiplier to the list Use i to insert or remove a multiplier respectively 4 Click the OK button to accept the new pattern 5 Exit the pattern editor The multipliers are used to modify the demand from its base level in each time period Since we are making a run of 72 hours the pattern will wrap around to the start once again a
145. roject 67 CHAPTER 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES amp There are a series of property editors associated to each network element that can appear on the Network Map Junctions Reservoirs Tanks Pipes Pumps and Valves To edit one of these network elements make active the corresponding theme associated to the element pipe theme node theme and click the Model Properties tool Be Now select the object on the scenario The properties associated with each element are described below To see the properties of another element click directly on the element or use the property editor navigator PROPERTY EDITOR NAVIGATOR TOOL DESCRIPTION FIRST ELEMENT The editor shows the properties of the first element in the list PREVIOUS ELEMENT The editor shows the properties of the previous element in the list D NEXT ELEMENT The editor shows the properties of the next element in the list w LAST ELEMENT The editor shows the properties of the last element in the list FIND ELEMENT Finds an element by its name and shows its properties NOTE The unit system in which element properties are expressed in the editor depends on the choice of units for flow rate Using a flow rate expressed in cubic feet gallons or acre feet means that US units will be used for all quantities Using a flow rate expressed in liters or cubic meters means that SI metric units will be used Flow units are selected from the scenario s Hydraulic Option
146. roject Manager Window This document is basically a clone of the View Document with some caveats Let us see the main differences Scenarios Document When the Scenarios Document is active the ArcView Project Manager Window is customized with three buttons New Creates a new GISRed project and its corresponding parent Scenario Also double clicking the Scenarios icon This button is always active See Propst E Seeman parent Fig 22 New GISRed Project Dialog Open Opens the scenario selected in the ArcView Project Manager Window and makes the project it belongs to the current project This button is active just when a scenario is selected Projects Opens the GISRed Project Manager This button is always on 30 a A 2 GISRED S GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE Fig 23 GISRed Project Manager 2 1 1 1 GISRed Menu If the ArcView Project Manager Window is the active window the menu bar shows a new menu called GISRed a Arc iew GIS 3 2a File Project BER Window Help al 2 1 2 SCENARIOS GUI GISRed environment New Creates a new GlSRed project and its corresponding parent Scenario Import Shows the Network Importation Dialog Project Manager Opens the GISRed Project Manager About Shows information about the version of the extension and the authors Three new menus and eight new tools are added to the Scenario G
147. rt Window 43568296 m 3 year 100 4 1381 54 ls 43264794 m3 pear 9 Om 3 year 0 00 0 00 L s 43568296 m 3 year 100 00 o n a ee okt aE ue mand Allocation Balance DEMAND LOADING BALANCE Time Penod 12 months Allocated Demand Hon Reoistered After the process a summary window will come up Registered Press Load to allocate demands DEMAND LOADED AT SELECTED NODES TOTAL DEMAND SUPPLY De 6 7 AA See o ae Hee es sn a Lor ee wae e 125 CHAPTER 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS After a network has been suitably described its hydraulic and water quality behaviour can be analyzed This chapter describes how to specify options to use in the analysis 15 1 SETTING ANALYSIS OPTIONS There are five categories of options that control how EPANET analyzes a network and that are reproduced in GlSRed in three categories Hydraulics Quality Reactions and Times Energy To set any of these options Select the Scenario Analysis Options from the menu bar Select Hydraulics Quality Reactions or Times Energy from the category list The contents of the dialog change depending on the category Edit your option choices in the Analysis Options Dialog AWN As you are editing a category of options in the Analysis Options Dialog you can move to another category by simply choosing another one in the category list 2 Analysis Options Lategones Select a
148. s unless additional reasons exist to select a model with more parameters For more details refer to the Thesis of Z Kapelan February 2000 University of Exeter 155 APPENDIX A THE STANDARD GA LIBRARY Centre for Water Systems University of Exeter UK A 1 GENERAL GENETIC ALGORITHM CONCEPT Genetic algorithms GA are one of the new evolutionary computing EC search techniques that have been developed in the past thirty years These search techniques utilise many of the evolutionary processes in nature to find near optimum solutions to real world problems One of the most favourable of these EC search techniques is the GA The term GA first appeared in the 60 s but their notoriety and popularity started in the seventies with the publications of Holland 1975 and De Jong 1975 and further with Goldberg 1989 Essentially a genetic algorithm optimises a given function as long as it can be explicitly defined An example that most people know is the following find the value of x e 1 1 that maximises the following function f x 1 2 GA mimics nature They do this with the representation and the operators As far as the representation is concerned GAs use a coding to the problem similar to that of DNA s A typical problem may be coded using a binary representation in a bit string as 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 This value can be calculated moving from the left to right as X Y y it i 0 where n is the number of bits
149. s tutorial Chapter 2 provides information on GISRed s graphical user interface and how its workspace is organised The user can find all the menus buttons and tools associated with the extension It also explains the concept of scenario as the base of any GISRed water distribution model Chapter 3 explains how to work with an GISRed project and the project files that store all of the information contained in an GISRed model of a distribution system It shows how to create open and save these files as well as how to set default project options Chapter 4 describes how one goes about building a network model of a distribution system with GISRed It shows how to create the various physical objects pipes pumps valves junctions tanks etc that make up a system how to edit the properties of these objects how to select add or delete those objects and some other useful additional operations when building a model At the end of this chapter the user can find out how to work with images and catalog images Chapter 5 explains how to import a network into the scenario All formats that can be imported from GISRed are described The way to import a GISRed project is also explained Chapter 6 shows how to edit network properties for each one of the objects All the options of the dialogs are described The edition of a group of elements is also considered in this chapter Chapter 7 and 8 introduce the GISRed pattern editor and the GISRed curve edit
150. s which can be accessed from the Scenario Analysis Options or from the Project Defaults dialog which can be accessed from Scenario Defaults menu The units used for all properties are summarized In APPENDIX B UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 69 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 1 JUNCTION PROPERTIES F JUNCTION PROPERTIES xj Junction TJ MJ La gt ml Junction Identification Junction Tag PUMP STATION Elevation 50 f Descnptione Demands f Singe Base Demant 534 4 gam Patter Demand2 C Multiple Total Base De gam Dem Categor Em ter Di Age Lor meet Ti Exponent Quality Model Initial Qual 1 mg IY Source Source Type Concentration source Hual 1 mgl Pattem Quality Fig 45 Junction Properties PROPERTY DESCRIPTION JUNCTION IDENTIFICATION Junction A unique label used to identify the junction It can consist of a combination of up to 15 numerals or characters It cannot be the same as the ID for any other node This is a required property Description An optional text string that describes other significant information about the junction An optional text string used to assign the junction to a category such as a pressure zone Elevation The elevation in feet meters above some common reference of the junction This is a eee property Elevation is used only to compute pressure a
151. s1 shp links1 shx links1 dbf nodes1 shp nodesl shx nodes1 dbf Dbase Tables Analysis dbf Curves dbf default dbf lds1 dbf JUNCT1 dbf Master dbf Mpipesl dbf MULTDM dbf OBJDSC dbf OBJTYP dbf PATT dbf PUMPS1 dbf RESERV1 dbf ScnID dbf SMPCNTR dbf SRCQUL dbf Tanks1 dbf Valvesl dbf OPEN Opens the parent scenario of the selected project ADD This option allows to import a project REMOVE Removes the selected project from the list It does not remove the project from the disk 38 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJECTS CLONE Makes a clone of the selected project The new project is automatically named as the original with the suffix Clone The user can always change the name later on Note When cloning a project a copy of the original database is created project folder and all the tables and shapefiles that contains PROPERTIES Expands or retracts the project manager window 3 2 OPENING AND SAVING PROJECTS An GISRED Project contains all the information used to model a network A project typically consists of a folder named as the user specified when created with a series of tables and shapefiles which contain all the details of the network To create a new GISRed project 1 Open de GISRed Project Manager Select New Alternatively double click the Scenarios Icon of the ArcView Project Window 2 You will be prompted to enter all the information related to the new project before it is created 3
152. sceescceesseeescesesceees 19 1 6 QUERYING THE NET W ORK cuatri rasante eancosao caia canoas 20 t7 ADDING A PUMP CURVE ceso l roca ETERON 21 1 8 SAVING AND OPENING PROJECTS a asisrsorsiasco roer 22 1 9 USING THE GISRED PROJECT MANAGER ccccceccccceecccceecccceesseeesseeeeaeees 23 1 10 RUNNING A SINGLE PERIOD ANALYSIS ccc cece cece cece ee cceeeecceeeecceeeeeeeeaeees 24 1 117 ADDINGA TIME PAT TER Nes cncccccws roveceaesascesuseceacedeeuccusteveeesasnssteteesenscoenut 25 t12 CREATING THE TIME PATTERN ocxcccstaaicscaceanceeoss coven tacsenccceresesnssouaesereteoseas 26 1 13 RUNNING AN EXTENDED PERIOD SIMULATION ceecccescccceeeccceeescceesecees 28 Tete OTHER THINGS aparcar oscilador atasca 28 CHAPTER 2 GISRED S GUI GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE cscscccecccccsceeeseneeees 29 2 1 EXTENSION WORKSPACE ccccesccccesccccenceccesesceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeseneecs 29 2 1 1 PROJECT GUI ArcView Project Manager cccccecceecceecceecceeececcceeceeeees 30 2 1 2 SCENARIOS GUI GISRed environment ccee cece ccc eeecceeeeceeecceeeeeeeeces 31 CHAPTER 3 WORKING WITH GISRED PROJ ECTS ccccsccccescecenneesenneesenueessanenses 37 3 1 GISRED PROJECT MANAGER sscsccswiasncodeseessactaddvnessanecveswewesedsea vaeeceeulseneesions 37 3 2 OPENING AND SAVING PROJECTS cccccesccccncccceeeeceeeeeeeeseseeeeseeeeeeeeeees 39 3 3 PROJECTDEFAUL TS ondas 40 3 4 SCENARIO PROPERTIES sist oido 42 CH
153. scription An optional text string that describes other significant information about the tank Tag An optional text string used to assign the tank to a category such as a pressure zone Elevation Elevation above a common datum in feet meters of the bottom shell of the tank This is a required property HYDRAULIC FEATURES Diameter The diameter of the tank in feet meters For cylindrical tanks this is the actual diameter For square or rectangular tanks it can be an equivalent diameter equal to 1 128 times the square root of the cross sectional area For tanks whose geometry will be described by a curve see below it can be set to any value This is a required property Volume Curve The ID label of a curve used to describe the relation between tank volume and water level Toggle the checkbox off if the curve is not required If no value is supplied then the tank is assumed to be cylindrical Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Curve Editor 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV Initial Level Height in feet meters of the water surface above the bottom elevation of the tank at the start of the simulation This is a required property Minimum Level Minimum height in feet meters of the water surface above the bottom elevation that will be maintained The tank will not be allowed to drop below this level This is a required property Maximum Level Maximum height in feet meters of the water surface above the
154. sed on their location in relation to the selected features in the same theme To select a theme using another theme A 2 3 NOTES Make the theme active that contains the features you wish to select In the Theme menu choose Select By Theme Choose the spatial relation type ArcView provides several spatial relation types The types you see depend on the selector theme s feature type In some cases you may want to pick the selector theme before choosing the spatial relation type Pick the theme whose features to use to make the selection This is the selector theme ArcView selects features in the target themes using the selected features of the selector theme If no features in the selector theme are selected ArcView uses all the selector theme s features to select If you chose Are Within Distance of specify the selection distance ArcView selects the features in the target themes whose distance to any of the features in the selector theme is less than or equal to the selection distance The selection distance units are the distance units of the scenario These units are set by choosing Properties from the View menu Choose a selection method ArcView provides three selection methods New Set creates a new set of selected features from all candidate features Add to Set adds new features to the existing selected set of features Select from Set selects features only from candidates in the currently selected set of features Sp
155. site specific field measurements and will have a different meaning depending on which head loss equation is used The advantage of using this approach is that it requires only a single parameter F to allow wall reaction coefficients to vary throughout the network in a physically meaningful way 83 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 5 PUMP PROPERTIES 84 2 PUMP PROPERTIES A x Pump Identificatio Pump 335 Tag Description Start End Nodes Suction 3395LI pS Descrip Suction Mode Elev Of Discharge 325Dw5 Descrip Discharge Hoc Elev O fk Initial Quality 0 mgl Hydraulc E nergy Features Pump Curve 12 y El Power Hp Relat Speed 1 Speed Pat po Efficiency 75 Etc Curve ed Energy Price 0 Pricerat El Initial Status OPEN Controls Est Fig 50 Pump Properties PROPERTY DESCRIPTION PUMP IDENTIFICATION A unique label used to identify the pump It can consist of a combination of up to 15 numerals or characters lt cannot be the same as the ID for any other link This is a required property Flip button Reverses the direction of the pump Description An optional text string that describes other significant information about the pump Tag An optional text string used to assign the pump to a category perhaps based on age size or location START END NODES Suction Start node The ID of the node on the suction side of the pum
156. snapped snapped together together A drawing or a layer that does not have any of the above entity types is treated as an empty drawing or an empty layer by ArcView Please note that the drawing or a layer may not truly be empty because it may contain some entities that aren t supported by ArcView such as an AutoCAD s Dimension entity NOTE ArcView supports drawing files generated by AutoCAD up to Release 2000 gt To import a CAD file 1 Select the CAD Layers importation type The dialog of the next figure will be opened 60 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO a Import CAD files a ME ox 0 t LINE LAYER h POINT LAYER Source Sourc C Fie fed a Features Field User ID x Pump Layer Level Diameter ID Valve Layer Level sw Maternal ID x ANNOTATION LAYER iranstormation Table Source ameter ID Diiameter E File E dit C Theme x Fig 40 CAD Importation Dialog You can select either a Polyline line CAD Theme in the TOC of the current scenario Theme radio button or look for a CAD file on disk File radio button If the user chooses to import a CAD file that is in the TOC Theme option all the polyline line CAD themes will be filtered and showed in the combo box Note that when a CAD file is added into ArcView each CAD drawing entity is brought as one of the four classes aforementioned it is recommendable that you change the n
157. ss Interpolate Automatically the elevations at selected network nodes are computed If there is no selection elevations are computed at all nodes gt Making use of a GRID theme the process should be the following To generate the GRID theme 1 Load the Spatial Analyst extension File Extensions and toggle on the Spatial Analyst extension 2 Open a view document with the ArcView Project Window active double click the View Icon or alternatively press New when the View Icon is active 3 Add the theme that contains the set of points with elevation information View Add Theme or click on ETE a A AA AAA EL Wel loki elas A Fig 69 Elevation Interpolation Theme of Elevations 4 Select Surface Interpolation Grid from the menu bar The user will have to go through a couple of interpolation surface dialogs 5 Accept the defaults for the first one 120 13 ELEVATION INTERPOLATION 6 In the second one choose the IDW Inverse Distance Weighted method and the field that contains the elevation information Z Value Field Accept the rest of the fields 7 Press OK to generate the surface The surface generated is showed in a temporary theme It is possible to work with the temporary theme or generate a permanent Grid In this case a permanent theme is to be created Skip the next three steps and go to 11 if you decide to work with the temporary theme zr ix 1 i am o Se ae i aa CO ee Pe
158. t Edit Model Editing Tools or alternatively click the button to open the Link Toolbar if it is not already opened Click the button to set the adding pipe mode On the map click the mouse over the pipe s start node Move the mouse in the direction of the pipe s end node clicking it at those intermediate points where it is necessary to change the pipe s direction vertices Double click the mouse over the pipe s end node The snap mode is automatically set to interactive when digitizing pipes The snap tolerance is 1 100 the scenario display width Every time a pipe is added GISRed checks whether the starting and end point of the pipe lie on existing nodes within a fixed distance tolerance equivalent to 3 screen pixels if any of them or both does not GISRed does automatically insert the corresponding end junction Otherwise the end of the pipe gets connected to the existing node Pressing the right mouse button while drawing a pipe will open a popup menu with additional operations such as zooming or panning the scenario If the pipe is not connected to the rest of the network the application prompts the user with a warning message A new network might be originated 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS 4 3 2 Adding a Node To add a Node use the Node Toolbar 1 Make the node theme the active theme on the scenario 2 Select Edit Model Editing Tools or alternatively click the button to open the Node Toolbar if it is
159. t file Export to file isis Exit Fig 56 GISRed Simple Controls Editor Y LINK 335 CLOSED IF Node 1 ABOVE 19 1 ef UNK 330 CLOSED IF Node 1 BELOW 17 1 y LINK 330 OPEN IF Node 1 ABOVE 19 1 gt To add a new simple control to the list 1 Click on the Add Control button 100 9 CONTROLS Simple Control Editor Swuple Cortal Edta ae l LNE SM OFEN IF NOGE fio ABOVE I Desonphon Fig 57 Adding a new simple control 2 Choose the Link ID from the list 3 Enter the Link Status Depending on the type of link TYPE OF LINK STATUS 9 1 1 1 PIPE OPEN CLOSED PUMP SPEED SETTING C CLOSED Setting 4 Choose the condition to apply IF NODE AT TIME or AT CLOCKTIME Depending upon the condition the dialog will change accordingly 5 Enter the Node ID and a pressure for a junction or a water level for a tank if IF NODE was chosen 6 Enter a time since the start of the simulation in decimal hours or in hours minutes format if AT TIME was the choice Enter a 24 hour clock time hours minutes if AT CLOCKTIME was selected Additionally enter a description for the simple control Press OK ae ae 101 9 CONTROLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV The simple control will be added inserted just below the currently focused control comment gt To edit an existing simple control 1 S
160. t file can be added to the editor So care should be taken that the format of the imported text is accepted as rule based controls see the format in previous sections gt To Export Rules to a text file 5 Open the Rule Based Controls Editor 6 Press Export to File 7 Enter a name for the text file to be exported 8 Accept The Rule Based Controls will be saved to a file with rbc extension 108 CHAPTER 10 GISRED TOC THEME MANAGER 10 1 TOC TABLE OF CONTENTS As any view document each scenario has its own Table of Contents that lists the themes in the scenario You can change how the table of contents looks by choosing TOC Style from the View menu You also use the Table of Contents to control how the view is drawn The Table of Contents shows The name of each theme in the view Themes can be given any name By default a theme is named after the data source it represents such as Streets or Parcels You can give themes longer more descriptive names To change the theme s name select Theme Properties and enter a new name in the Theme Name field The legend for each theme A theme s legend shows the symbols and colours used to draw the theme A theme may be drawn using one symbol or a range of different symbols and colours may be used in order to classify the features in the theme There are three ways to edit the theme s legend 1 selecting Theme Edit Legend 2 Clicking iw or 3 Double clickin
161. t the junction It does not affect any other computed quantity DEMANDS Single When only a single demand applies for the junction Base Demand The average or nominal demand for water by the main category of consumer at the junction as measured in the current flow units A negative value is used to indicate an external source of flow into the junction If left blank then demand is assumed to be zero Demand Pattern The ID label of the time pattern used to characterize time variation in demand for the main category of consumer at the junction The pattern provides multipliers that are applied to the Base Demand to determine actual demand in a given time period If left blank then 70 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES the Default Time Pattern assigned in the Hydraulic Options will be used Click the ellipsis button to bring up the Pattern Editor Multiple When a number of different categories of water use apply lgnore if only a single demand category will suffice Total Base It is the total sum of all the base demands of each category Click Demand the ellipsis button to bring up the Multiple Demands Editor which will let you assign base demands and time patterns to multiple categories of users at the junction See the editor below Demand Number of different categories of water users defined for the Categories junction Emitter see explanation below Discharge Discharge coefficient for emitter sprinkler or nozzle placed at
162. the GISRED toolbar 2 Choose a directory to save the file and enter a name for the Epanet Input File 3 Click OK The Epanet input file is generated Now you can open this file in EPANET and run a simulation 16 2 RUNNING AN ANALYSIS To run a hydraulic water quality analysis Select Scenario Run Analysis from the menu bar The user will be asked to choose an EPANET input file to run Once chosen the progress of the analysis will be displayed in the status bar At the end of the analysis a report window will appear LUN T Epanet Report Tue Mow 12 16 28 08 2002 EPANET Hydrauiic amd water Quality Arakas for Pipe Metbmork PALQUJECT NAME HET 3 EPAHET PAQJECT DESCRIPTION 4vEPA Example Neboork PAQUECT CREATOR Huge J Bartol n Input Data File cueman geac ent arepa examples meldiret 3 mp Humber of Junchons E Humber of Reserse E Humber of Tanks 3 Mumbar of Pipes 119 Number of Pumps 2 Number of Wales MD Fig 77 Epanet Report Window 5 Click OK to display the browser 6 The Browser window will appear 133 16 NETWORK SIMULATION GRUPO REDHISP UPV 16 3 VIEWING RESULTS ON THE SCENARIO It is possible to view database values and results of a simulation directly on the Network Scenario mz i eee Dupi heee Diii bisitei ches iiie a a A aloe A e Soa SCI af Paa a Eh Ha A EAE E A iiia JE EN al rE gf EN i rl ni as
163. tion of 3 04 m All three pumps have identical pump characteristic curves A unique demand pattern is considered for all demand nodes Four monitoring points located on nodes 40 90 120 and 140 recorded head measurements during a hypothetical field test Ormsbee 1989 NODES NODE ELEVATION DEMAND 138 m I s 20 6 23 31 91 30 15 24 12 52 40 15 24 12 52 90 15 24 31 51 60 15 24 90 90 70 15 24 31 51 80 15 24 31 51 90 15 24 63 88 100 15 24 12 52 110 15 24 12 52 120 36 60 31 91 130 36 60 12 52 140 24 40 12 52 150 36 60 12 52 160 36 60 31 51 170 36 60 12 52 TOTAL 404 00 Red numbers indicate monitoring points LC Loading Condition 17 THE NETWORK MODEL CALIBRATION ACTUAL ASSUMED PIPE NODE 1 NODE 2 LENGTH DIAMETER C FACTOR C FACTOR GROUP m mm H W H W 1002 20 70 3657 406 120 110 1 1004 20 30 3657 406 120 110 1 1006 20 110 3657 406 120 110 1 1008 30 70 2743 305 70 110 2 1010 70 100 1830 305 120 110 1 1012 70 90 1830 204 70 110 2 1014 70 60 1830 305 70 110 2 1016 60 90 1830 204 70 110 2 1018 60 80 1830 305 70 110 2 1020 80 90 1830 204 70 110 2 1022 90 150 1830 204 70 110 2 1024 90 100 1830 204 70 110 2 1026 100 150 1830 305 70 110 2 1028 80 150 1830 204 90 110 3 1030 30 60 1830 204 120 110 1 1032 30 40 1830 254 120 110 1 1034 30 50 2743 204 120 110 1 1036 40 50 1830 254 120 110 1 1038 50 80 1830 254 120 110 1 1040 80 140 1830 254 130 110 4 1042 140 150 1830 203 130 110 4 1044 150 160 1830 203 90 110 3 1
164. to represent a link where the user supplies a special flow head loss relationship instead of following one of the standard hydraulic formulas They can be used to model turbines well draw down or reduced flow backflow prevention valves Shutoff gate valves and check non return valves which completely open or close pipes are not considered as separate valve links but are instead included as a property of the pipe in which they are placed 88 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES Each type of valve has a different type of setting parameter that describes its operating point pressure for PRVs PSVs and PBVs flow for FCVs loss coefficient for TCVs and head loss curve for GPYs Valves can have their control status overridden by specifying they be either completely open or completely closed A valve s status and its setting can be changed during the simulation by using control statements Because of the ways in which valves are modeled the following rules apply when adding valves to a network a PRV PSV or FCV cannot be directly connected to a reservoir or tank use a length of pipe to separate the two PRWVs cannot share the same downstream node or be linked in series two PSVs cannot share the same upstream node or be linked in series a PSV cannot be connected to the downstream node of a PRV 89 6 EDITING NETWORK PROPERTIES GRUPO REDHISP UPV 6 7 EDITING A GROUP OF NETWORK ELEMENTS To edit a property for a gro
165. to that of water at 20 Viscosity deg C 1 0 centistokes or 0 94 sq ft day unitless Maximum Trials Maximum number of trials used to solve the nonlinear equations that govern network hydraulics at a given point in time Suggested value is 40 Accuracy Convergence criterion used to signal that a solution has been found to the nonlinear equations that govern network hydraulics Trials end when the sum of all flow changes divided by the sum of all link flows is less than this number Suggested value is 0 001 If Unbalanced Action to take if a hydraulic solution is not found within the maximum number of trials Choices are STOP to stop the simulation at this point or CONTINUE to use another 10 trials with no link Status changes allowed in an attempt to achieve convergence Default Pattern ID label of a time pattern to be applied to demands at those junctions where no time pattern is specified If no such pattern exists then demands will not vary at these locations Demand Global multiplier applied to all demands to make total system Multiplier consumption vary up or down by a fixed amount E g 2 0 doubles all demands 0 5 halves them and 1 0 leaves them as is Emitter Power to which pressure is raised when computing the flow through Exponent an emitter device The textbook value for nozzles and sprinklers is Y This may not apply to pipe leakage Consult the discussion of 128 15 ANALYSIS OPTIONS Emitters in Section 3 1 for
166. tomatically committed to the database it is possible to save the entire ArcView session including any other documents opened such as layouts tables scripts etc to a file at this point The file will have the typical apr ArcView extension and will be dependant upon the GISRed extension 1 From the File menu select the Save Project As option 2 In the Save Project As dialog that appears select a folder and file name under which to save this project We suggest naming the file tutorial apr An extension of apr will be added to the file name if one is not supplied 3 Click OK to save the project to file The project data is saved to the file in a text format To open our project at some later time we would select the Open Project option while the ArcView Project Manager Window is active ALTERNATIVELY it is possible to exit the session without saving the ArcView Project The GISRed Project Manager enables the user to open remove add or clone GISRed Projects from a list of existing projects already created The only difference in relation to an ArcView project is that the GISRed project does not keep information of any other documents different from the Scenario itself Thus if you are interested in keeping in the project all document objects such as layouts tables scripts etc you should choose to save the entire project using the first way described 22 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL 1 9 USING THE GISRED PROJECT MANAG
167. tton Click Drag the mouse over the desired element s on the scenario Use the shift key to add new elements to the selection by using additional graphics gt Using the Find button Find is a quick way to select a particular feature of interest For example if you are working with a theme of links and you want to select a pipe with a specific name simply type that name into the Find dialog box Find only lets you select one feature at a time 4 NETWORK ELEMENTS 4 5 DELETING AN ELEMENT gt To delete Pipes 1 2 de 4 Select the pipe s on the scenario using one of the aforementioned options Open the Link Toolbar Press the Delete button x The deletion will be confirmed before it takes effect gt To delete a node O w Nn Select the node s on the scenario using one of the aforementioned options Open the Node Toolbar Press the Delete button x The deletion will be confirmed before it takes effect Once the deletion is confirmed the application shows a summary of the elements that were deleted Selected nodes are deleted following the next rules Before any selected junction is deleted the application checks whether the pipes connected to the junction can be merged or not If they can the junction is deleted When trying to delete a node other than junction the node will be automatically converted to a junction and then the pipes merged if possible Two pipes can only be merged if t
168. ully created select Scenario Run Analysis and choose the file that has just been made a A Status Report window will appear with a summary of the process or if the run was unsuccessful then indicating what the problem was b If it ran successfully computed results will be available from the result browser that comes up after the running weer Network Reste Nodes Ho TE Time 0500 al Fig 16 Quick Tutorial Browsing Results 3 Select Node Pressure from the Browser s dialog and observe how pressure values at the nodes become color coded To edit the Legend for the color coding select Theme Edit Legend alternatively click LJ or double click on the theme legend To change the legend intervals just change the Value and Label Fields To change the colors double click on the symbol and use the Palette Editor 4 See a tabular listing of results by selecting Theme Table or by clicking the button 24 1 QUICK START TUTORIAL 1 11 ADDING A TIME PATTERN To make our network more realistic for analyzing an extended period of operation we will create a Time Pattern that makes demands at the nodes vary in a periodic way over the course of a day For this simple example we will use a pattern time step of 6 hours This will cause demands to change at four different times of the day A 1 hour pattern time step is a more typical number and is the default assigned to new projects To set the patte
169. ummary specifies how many rules were imported and how many were not A list of the non imported controls will be given LUN 102 9 CONTROLS z Simple Controls Report REPORT OF SIMPLE CONTROLS IMPORTED Wednesday 13 November 2002 16 44 52 Number Simple Controls Imported 2 Number Simple Controls NOT Imported 2 List of Controls not mported LINK 335 CLOSED IF Node 1 ABOVE 19 1 LINK 330 CLOSED IF Node 1 BELOW 17 1 Fig 58 Report of Simple Controls Imported NOTE Any text file can be added to the editor So care should be taken that the format of the imported text is accepted as rule based controls see the format in previous sections gt To Export the Simple Controls list to a text file Open the Simple Controls Editor Press Export to File Enter a name for the text file to be exported Accept he Simple Controls will be saved to a file with scn extension FAP 103 9 CONTROLS GRUPO REDHISP UPV 9 2 RULE BASED CONTROLS Rule Based Controls allow link status and settings to be based on a combination of conditions that might exist in the network after an initial hydraulic state of the system is computed Each rule is a series of statements of the form RULE rulelD IF condition 1l AND condition_2 OR condition 3 AND condition 4 Sie THEN action 1 AND action _2 ETE ELSE action_3 AND action 4 etg PRIORITY value where RuleID an ID label assigned to the ru
170. up of network elements 1 Select the group of elements to be edited using one of the methods described in the section SELECTING ELEMENTS 2 Select Edit Model Group Edit from the Menu Bar 3 Define what to edit in the Group Edit dialog form that appears For all selected Junctions Demand Pattern vaith Demandi OK Cancel Fig 52 Group Edit Dialog The Group Edit dialog form shown in Fig 52 is used to modify a property for a selected group of objects To use the dialog form 1 Select a category of element Junctions Tanks Reservoirs Valves Pumps or Pipes depending on the selection to edit 2 Select the type of change to make Replace Multiply or Add To depending on the property to change 3 Select the property to change 4 Enter the value that should replace multiply or be added to the existing value or choose one from the combo box Click OK to execute the group edit 6 Once the property has been changed the application prompts the user with a summary of the edition process U1 90 CHAPTER 7 PATTERNS A Time Pattern is a collection of multipliers that can be applied to a quantity to allow it to vary over time Nodal demands reservoir heads pump schedules and water quality source inputs can all have time patterns associated with them The time interval used in all patterns is a fixed value set with the Scenario s Time Options see Analysis Options Within this interv
171. ur current network 59 5 IMPORTING A NETWORK TO THE SCENARIO GRUPO REDHISP UPV 5 1 CAD Use this option to import CAD files to your current scenario ArcView supports MicroStation design dgn files and two kinds of AutoCAD drawing files dwg files Windows only and dxf files Drawing Interchange files Before you use CAD drawings in ArcView you must first load the CAD Reader extension CAD Drawings typically store a variety of entity types on layers For example a single layer may contain graphics representing area features such as buildings linear features such as roads and point features such as trees and telephone poles CAD packages generally do not restrict the way you store these entities on layers ArcView themes on the other hand draw only one class of feature in a theme For example a polygon theme will draw only area features and so on Each CAD drawing entity is brought into an ArcView theme as one of the four feature classes Theme type AutoCAD entities Microstation elements Line theme Line Arc Circle Polyline Line Line String Complex Solid Trace 3DFace Shape Complex Chain Ellipses Arc Point theme Point Shape Insert Block s Point Cell Cell s insertion insertion point point Note No shared cell support Polygon theme Circle Solid 3Dface Closed Ellipses Shapes Complex Polylines and Open polylines Shapes Complex Chains with with start and end points start and end points

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