APEX PROFILER USER MANUAL
Contents
1. A PTS sample is collected at the beginning of the Profile phase at the achieved profile depth Subsequent PTS samples are collected during profile ascent per the programmed depth table 15 of 40 Profile and Profile Cycle Schematics Down Time Surface Park Depth Profile Depth Time Deep Profile every cycle Deep Profile every third cycle Time gt 16 of 40 Vil Deep Profile First DPF Independent of the Park and Profile cycle length the first profile is always a Deep Profile that begins at the Profile Depth This means the float returns a CTD profile relatively soon typically less than a day after the float is deployed This feature supports comparison of the initial float profile with a conventional CTD cast from the ship The first descent begins at the end of the Mission Prelude A schematic representation of DPF with a Park and Profile parameter N 2 is shown below N 2 and Deep Profile First DPF Deep Profile on first cycle and every second cycle Time gt Note For maximum battery life in ARGO applications Teledyne Webb Research recommends use of PD gt one with park depth lt 1500 db 17 of 40 Vill ARGOS Data A SERVICE ARGOS Parameters Each float operator must specify various options to Service ARGOS These choices depend on how the user plans to receive and process data Typical Service ARGOS Parameters are e Standard location e Processing Type2. Print this menu z Display the SBE41 calibration coefficients Sf Display SBE41 firmware revision Sm Measure power consumption by SBE41 Sn Display SBE41 serial number Sp Get SBE41 P Ss Get SBE41 P T amp S St Get SBE41 P amp T low power Float Vitals Menu F Print this menu Fb Maximum air bladder pressure 1 254 counts FF Piston full extension 1 254 counts Fn Display float serial number Fs Storage Piston Position 1 254 counts Fv OK vacuum threshold 1 254 counts 37 of 40 Appendix F Returning APEX floats for factory repair or refurbishment Contact Teledyne Webb Research before returning APEX floats for repair or refurbishment All returns from outside USA please specify our import broker Consignee Teledyne Webb Research 82 Technology Park Drive East Falmouth MA 02536 Notify DHL Danzas Freight Forwarding Agents Attn Ellis Hall Import Broker Phone 617 886 6665 FAX 617 242 1470 500 Rutherford Avenue Charlestown MA 02129 Note on shipping documents US MADE GOODS CAUTION If the float was recovered from the ocean it may contain water which presents a safety hazard due to possible chemical reaction of batteries in water The reaction may generate explosive gases see Alkaline Battery Warning at the beginning of this manual In this case be sure to remove the seal plug to ventilate the instrument before shipping Do this is a well ventilated location and do not lean over the s
3. S N 8413 is encoded as 0x20DD Seabird SBE41 F W Revision encoded as a hex integer after multiplication by 100 e g F W 2 6 260 0x0104 Current UNIT epoch GMT of Apf9a RTC little endian order Minutes past midnight when down time will expire If ToD feature disabled bytes Oxfffe Debugging Verbosity for generating engineering log entries Not used OxFF 20 of 40 Test Message 1 Status Word 16 bits Bit 0x0001 0x0002 0x0004 0x0008 0x0010 0x0020 0x0040 0x0080 0x0100 0x0200 0x0400 0x0800 0x 1000 0x2000 0x4000 0x8000 Mnemonic DeepProfile Shallow WaterTrap Obs25Min PistonFullExt AscentTimeOut TestMsg PreludeMsg PActMsg BadSeqPnt Sbe41PFail Sbe41PtFail Sbe41PtsFail Sbe41 Unreliable AirSysBypass WatchDogAlarm PrfldOverFlow Description Current profile is a Deep Profile Shallow water trap detected Sample time out 25 minutes expired Piston fully extended before surface detected Ascent time out expired Current message is a test message Current messaged transmitted during Mission Prelude Current message is a Pressure Activation test message Invalid sequence point detected SBE41 pressure measurement exception SBE41 pressure temperature measurement exception SBE41 pressure temperature salinity measurement exception SBE41 pressure measurement unreliable Air inflation system bypassed excessive energy consumption Wake up by watchdog alarm 8 bit profile counter overflowed 255
4. ey TELEDYNE WEBB RESEARCH A Teledyne Instruments Inc Company 82 Technology Park Drive E Falmouth Massachusetts 02536 Phone 508 548 2077 Fax 508 540 1686 Email apexsupport webbresearch com APEX PROFILER USER MANUAL Applies to Serial Numbers Revision Date 04 02 10 5098 5099 Customer Name CSIRO Job Number 1762 B Firmware Revision APF9A F W 062608 Features APF9A Controller Flash Depth Table 65 Park and Profile with 20 or 28 bit ARGOS ID Profile Observation Deep Profile First DPF Pressure Activation optional I Alkaline Battery Warning II III IV AS O a V Deploying the Float VI A B VII VIII AS OF F Appendix A Surface Arrival Time and Total Surface Time Appendix B Argos ID formats 28 bit and 20 bit Appendix C Storage conditions Appendix D Connecting a Terminal Appendix E APF9A Command Summary APF9 Operations Warning for APF8 Operators Maximum Operating Pressure Evaluating the Float and Starting the Mission Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool Pressure Activation Deployment Mission Activation and Mission Prelude ARGOS Transmissions Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check Notes and Caveats Park and Profile Profile Ascent Timing Profile and Profile Cycle Schematics Deep Profile First DPF ARGOS Data FAIA A R W 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 SERVICE ARGOS Parameters Test Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID Mi
5. 0 21 of 40 C Data Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID The number of data messages depends on the number of measurements made during the profile The formats of the data messages are shown in the tables below Data Message 1 contains float profile and engineering data Data Message 1 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s 1 NWN 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Mnemonic Description CRC MSG BLK FLT PRF LEN STATUS SP VAC ABP SPP PPP2 PPP SBE41 PMT VQ IQ VSBE ISBE VHPP IHPP VAP IAP PAP VSAP Message CRC Message ID each data message block is comprised of multiple messages this will be a 1 for Data Message 1 Message block ID increments with each transmitted message block and wraps at OxFF Float ID apf9a controller serial number Profile number wraps to 0 from 255 Number of TSP samples in this message block Same as the Test Message 1 Status word see above Surface pressure at end of Up Time centibars Internal vacuum at end of Park phase counts Air bladder pressure at end of each ARGOS transmission counts Piston position when surface detected counts Piston position at end of Park phase counts Piston position at end of last Deep descent phase counts SBE41 status word 16 bits see below Cumulative piston on time during ascent seconds Battery voltage at end of Park phase counts Battery current at end of Park
6. 232 communications cable should be connected to the COM port of a PC Runa communications program such as ProComm or HyperTerminal on the PC Both programs can be downloaded from various Internet sites HyperTerminal is generally included with distributions of the Windows Operating System COM Port Settings 9600 8 N 1 9600 baud 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit no flow control no handshaking full duplex Teledyne Webb Research recommends the practice of capturing and archiving a log file of all communications with each float If in doubt about a test email the log file to your chief scientist and or to Teledyne Webb Research Once you have started the communications program and completed the connections described above press ENTER to wake the float from Hibernate mode The float will respond that it has detected an asynchronous wake up and will enter Command mode Press ENTER in Command mode to display the main menu Menu selections are not case sensitive See APF9A Command Summary for a complete list of available commands 33 of 40 Appendix E APF9A Command Summary Uppercase commands are used here for clarity however APF9A commands are not case sensitive The menus presented below were copied verbatim from a terminal session with an APF9A controller gt is the APF9A prompt for operator input The first menu is displayed in response to either a question mark or the ENTER when no preceding command is en
7. A2 Binary input hexadecimal output e Result output format DS All results from each satellite pass e Compression None Uncompressed e Distribution strategy Scheduled All results every 24 hours e Number of bytes transmitted 31 per message When using a 28 bit ARGOS ID 31 data bytes are transmitted in each message 32 data bytes are transmitted in each message when using a 20 bit ARGOS ID 18 of 40 B Test Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID Mission Prelude The test message block is comprised of two messages Each of the 6 messages sent during the Mission Activation phase is a Test Message 1 During the Mission Prelude the two test messages alternate with one sent during each ARGOS transmission The formats of the two test messages are show in the tables below Test Message 1 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s 1 2 3 AUA 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Mnemonic Description CRC MSG BLK MON DAY YR FLT SEC STATUS P VAC ABP BAT UP DOWN PRKP PPP NUDGE OK ASCEND TBP TP TPP N Message CRC Message ID 1 for Test Message 1 Message block ID increments with each transmitted message block and wraps at OxFF F W Revision Month F W Revision Day F W Revision Year 2 digit Float ID hull number Time since the start of the Mission Prelude seconds Float status word 16 bits see below Pressure measured once for each test me
8. Park phase Standard deviation of pressure during Park phase Minimum temperature during Park phase Pressure associated with minimum temperature during Park phase Maximum temperature during Park phase Pressure associated with maximum temperature during Park phase Minimum pressure during Park phase Maximum pressure during Park phase Not used only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID 24 of 40 The hydrographic data are transmitted in messages 3 N in the order that they were collected The sample taken at the end of the Park phase is transmitted first followed by the samples collected during the profile phase Data Message 3 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s Mnemonic Description 1 CRC MSG N 4 Tpark 6 Spark 7 8 Ppark 9 10 Tprofile 11 12 Sprofile 13 14 Pprofile 15 16 TI 17 18 Sl 19 20 Pl Hear T 23 24 52 25 26 P2 2728 T3 29 30 S3 31 P3 half 32 NA Message CRC Message ID each data message block is comprised of multiple messages this will be a 2 for Data Message 2 Temperature at end of Park phase Salinity at end of Park phase Pressure at end of Park phase Temperature at start of Profile phase Salinity at start of Profile phase Pressure at start of Profile phase Temperature first point in depth table Salinity Pressure Temperature second point in depth table Salinity Pressure Temperature etc to end of table Salinity Pressure first byte second byte in next message Not used
9. is a CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check byte The value is calculated by the float not by ARGOS from the remaining bytes of that message A bad CRC generally means a corrupted message Itis worth noting that a good CRC is a good indicator that the message is OK but it is possible to have a good CRC even when the message is corrupt This is particularly true for a short CRC this one is only 8 bits long Comparing multiple realizations of each ARGOS message e g all received versions of Data Message 3 for some particular profile to identify uncorrupted versions of the message is strongly recommended A sample code fragment in C that can be used to calculate CRC values is shown below This code was written by Dana Swift of the University of Washington The original algorithm was developed in the 1970s by Al Bradley and Don Dorson of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The algorithm attempts to distribute the space of possible CRC values evenly across the range of single byte values 0 to 255 Sample programs in C Matlab FORTRAN and BASIC can be provided by Teledyne Webb Research on request The Matlab version provides the user with a GUI interface into which individual ARGOS messages can be entered by cutting and pasting with a mouse static unsigned char CrcDorson const unsigned char msg unsigned int n unsigned char i1 crc CrcScrambler msg 1 for i 2 i lt n i crc msgli crc CrcScrambler crc return crc s
10. only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID The pattern of sequential PTS measurements continues in subsequent messages with measurement triples breaking across message boundaries as necessary The measurements each occupy 2 bytes and are encoded as 4 hex characters The procedures for converting these encoded data from the hexadecimal format to physical units are described in the next section Conversion from Hexadecimal to Physical Units 25 of 40 Auxiliary Engineering Data If there is space at the end of the last message in the block it is filled with Auxiliary Engineering data These data are not used to generate an additional message and if they are not sufficient to fill the available space the remaining bytes are set to OxFF These data are comprised of the time of profile initiation plus a series of pressure measurements taken at just after the piston is retracted and at hourly intervals during the descent to the Park Depth Descent rates are calculated from these data The information begins in the byte immediately following the end of the hydrographic data The table below shows an example The byte immediately following the hydrographic data is the time of profile initiation the time difference in minutes between the start of the profile and the end of down time The descent pressure marks are next The first byte is the count of the number of descent pressure mark The following bytes are the descent pressure measurements
11. phase counts Battery voltage while SBE41 sampling at end of Park phase counts Battery current while SBE41 sampling at end of Park phase counts Battery voltage measured just before the end of the initial piston extension beginning Profile phase counts Battery current measured just before the end of the initial piston extension beginning Profile phase counts Battery voltage while air pump running counts Battery current while air pump running counts Number of 6 second pulses of the air pump require to inflate the air bladder Integrated Measure of Volt Sec of volume of air pumped during telemetry cycle Not used only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID 22 of 40 The SBE41 status word is shown in the table below SBE41 Status Word 16 bits Bit 0x0001 0x0002 0x0004 0x0008 0x0010 0x0020 0x0040 0x0080 0x0100 0x0200 0x0400 0x0800 0x 1000 0x2000 0x4000 0x8000 Mnemonic Sbe41PedanticExceptn Sbe41PedanticFail Sbe41RegexFail Sbe41NullArg Sbe41RegExceptn Sbe41 NoResponse Sbe41PedanticExceptn Sbe41PedanticFail Sbe41RegexFail Sbe41NullArg Sbe41RegExceptn Sbe41NoResponse Sbe41ConfigFail Description An exception was detected while parsing the P only pedantic regular expression The SBE41 response to P only measurement failed the pedantic regular expression The SBE41 response to P only measurement failed the non pedantic regular expression NULL argument detected dur
12. shallow water and not be able to reach the some depths The total number of messages will include message and message 2 plus the number of messages needed for the PTS data The repetition period is known a priori or can be determined form the ARGOS time stamps on sequential messages Subtracting the Te calculated from a particular Message from the message s time stamp produces an estimate of the time at which the float surfaced An example is shown below Example Message 1 DS format Block Number 2001 11 02 22 47 54 1 Byte 2 0x05 m 5 cF 01 05 02 Number of PTS measurements AF 02 47 00 B yte 6 0x47 gt 71 85 01 01 01 16 92 17 19 71 x 6 426 bytes 9E 94 01 AD Number of Msgs for data 85 09 1F 48 426 bytes 28 bytes per msg 16 97 9B 00 46 Total messages Msg1 Msg2 Data Msgs 62 24 OE 1 1 16 n 18 Repetition Period p 46 seconds 31 of 40 Calculate the elapsed time on the surface Te m 1 x n x p 5 1 x 18 x 46 3312 00h 55m 12s Subtracting this from the time stamp of the ARGOS message yields the approximate time of arrival at the surface 22 47 54 00 55 12 20 52 42 The total time spent at the surface can now be calculated by subtracting Te from the known expiration of the Up Time Appendix B Argos ID formats 28 bit and 20 bit In 2002 Service Argos notified its users there were a limited number of 20 bit Ids available and to begin preparing for a transition to 28 bit IDs The 28 bit IDs re
13. 40 ll APF9 Operations Warning for APF8 Operators This APEX manual describes floats using a new controller design The new design is designated APF9 The prior design which is still in production and widely used is designated APF8 The operator interface and behavior of the APF9 are similar to but not identical to the operator interface and behavior of the APF8 If you are an experienced APF8 user please observe appropriate cautions and do not assume an expected behavior Several important differences are listed below These points should also be helpful to those without an APF8 background e To reset an APF9 for a deployment you should hold the Reset Tool stationary against the RESET label until you hear the air pump run Typically the air pump will run 2 to 3 seconds after you position the Reset Tool over the RESET label For the APF8 it was necessary to hold the Reset Tool in place and then remove it to trigger the float e The serial baud rate for communications is 9600 with 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit The APF8 baud rate is 1200 e If not already in Command Mode an APF9 can only enter Command Mode from Sleep Either the Reset Tool or a keystroke at the terminal will trigger the transition from Sleep to Command Mode e If the APF9 is performing some task e g self tests it is not listening and cannot be placed in Command Mode with either the Reset Tool or a keystroke at the terminal o There is one exception If
14. Physical Units The temperature salinity pressure voltage and current values measured by the float are encoded in the Data Messages as hex integers This compression reduces the number of bytes in the ARGOS transmissions The resolution of the encoded hydrographic values is shown in the table below Measurement Resolution Range Data Format Conversion Temperature 0 001 C 4 095 C to 16 bit unsigned T Traw 1000 61 439 C with 2 s complement Salinity 0 001 psu 4 095 psuto 16 bit unsigned S Saw 1000 61 439 psu with 2 s complement Pressure 0 1 dbar 3276 7 dbar 16 bit unsigned P Paw 10 to 3276 7 dbar with 2 s complement Volts V 8 bits unsigned V Vaw 0 077 0 486 Current MA 8 bits unsigned I law 4 052 3 606 Vacuum InHg 8 bits unsigned V Vaw 0 293 29 767 To convert the hex values in an ARGOS message back to physical units proceed as described in the table below The initial conversion from Hexadecimal to Decimal should assume the hex value is an unsigned integer with a range of 0 to 65535 for temperature salinity and pressure measurements a range of 0 to 255 for voltage and current measurements and a range of 0 to 4095 for optode measurements If temperature salinity or pressure raw values are above the maximum unisigned value listed a 2 s complement conversion should be applied to obtain a signed negative value This allows for representation of a full range of values Decimal and Physical Measur
15. ally 6 hours o Air pump run during transmissions until air bladder is fully inflated The float can be deployed after the Mission Activation phase and confirmation of proper float function have been successfully completed We advise waiting until the air bladder is fully inflated during the first dozen or so test transmissions of the Mission Prelude before deploying the float 7 of 40 B Pressure Activation Deployment To use the Pressure Activation feature you must first connect the provided communication cable between your PC and the float see Connecting a Terminal at the end of this manual for additional information The normal port settings for an APF9A are 9600 8 N 1 Press ENTER to wake the float from Hibernate mode The float will respond that it has detected an asynchronous wake up and will enter Command mode Press ENTER in Command mode to display the main menu Menu selections are not case sensitive Press a or A to activate the Pressure Activation feature and start the deployment The float will run a brief self test Mission Activation During this time the operator should verify proper function of the float see below Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check The float will then fully retract the piston and deflate the air bladder so that it can sink when deployed Once the piston is fully retracted the float enters the Pressure Activation phase During this phase the float makes a pressure measure
16. duced from 32 to 31 the number of data bytes in each message Data provided by Argos will consist of 31 hex bytes per message Data acquired by use of an uplink receiver will consist of 32 hex bytes per message The first byte when using an uplink receiver is a 28 bit ID identifier used by Argos and is not represented in the Apex Data formats included in this manual Appendix C Storage conditions For optimum battery life floats should be stored in a controlled environment in which the temperature is restricted to the range 10 C to 25 C When activated the floats should be equilibrated at a temperature between 2 C and 54 C before proceeding with a deployment If the optional VOS or aircraft deployment containers are used they must be kept dry and should only be stored indoors 32 of 40 Appendix D Connecting a Terminal The float can be programmed and tested by an operator using a 20 mA current loop and a terminal program The current loop has no polarity Connections should be made through the hull ground and a connector or fitting that is electrically isolated from the hull This is shown in the image below In this case one side of the current loop is clipped to the zinc anode and the other is clipped to the pressure port The communications cables and clamps are included in the float shipment An RS 232 to current loop converter is provided with the communications cables This converter requires a 12 VDC supply The RS
17. eal plug while loosening it Use a 3 16 inch hex wrench provided or pliers to rotate the plug counter clockwise Seal Plug 38 of 40 Appendix G Missions This section lists the parameters for each float covered by this manual To display the parameter list connect a communications cable to the float press lt ENTER gt to wake the float from hibernate and start command mode and press T or L to list the parameters See Connecting a Terminal and APF9A Command Summary for more information IMPORTANT Piston full extension set with menu parameter Ff is calibrated and set at the factory Do not alter the value of Ff shown in the Missions appendix Using a value larger than the factory setting may result in severe damage to the pump Instrument 5098 APEX version 062608 sn 7147 3706D4C 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 042 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 225 Down time Hours Mtd 015 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 006 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle le
18. ecated 35 of 40 Deployment Parameter Menu gt AP 55 L EX version 013108 sn 0000 1D479 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 060 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 240 Down time Hours Mtd 013 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 006 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retractin Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi gt ye 004 Park n profile cycle length 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Fb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Fv 227 Piston full extension Counts Ff 016 Piston storage position Counts Fs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D c745 Mission signature hex nu selections are not case sensitive Print this help menu Enter ARGOS ID in HEX Buoyancy control agent Compensator hyper retraction for park descent 0 254 counts Ascent initiation buoyancy nudge 25 254 piston counts j Deep profile piston position 1 254 counts Ascent maintenance buoyancy nudge 5 254 piston counts Park piston position 1 254 counts Float vitals agent Maximum air bladder pressure 1 254 counts Piston full ex
19. ement Hexadecimal i Conversion Steps Result Temperature gt 0 0x3EA6 lt 0xEFFF gt Taw 16038 T Taw 1000 gt 16 038 C Traw 62859 gt Temperature lt 0 OxF58B gt 0xF001 Toscomplemen Taw 65536 2677 T T2sComplement 1000 eS Salinity Ox8FDD lt OxEFFF Saw 36829 S Straw 1000 36 829 psu Saw 61443 _ OxF003 gt OxFO01 ee 7 7 Salinity S2sComplement Sraw 65536 4093 4 093 psu S S2sCompement 1000 27 of 40 Pressure gt 0 0x 1D4C lt 0x8000 Paw 7500 P Paw 10 gt 750 0 dbar Pressure lt 0 OxFFFA gt 0x8000 Pargaa P2sCompliment Praw 65536 6 0 6 dbar P P2sCompliment 10 Volts 0xBB Viaw 187 V Viaw 0 077 0 486 gt 14 9 V Current 0x0A gt Law LO I Law 4 052 3 606 gt 36 9 mA Vacuum 0x56 gt Viaw 86 V Vraw 0 293 29 767 gt 4 5 inHg Conversion Notes The temperature range is 4 095 C to 61 439 C Hex values OxF000 nonfinite OxFO01 lt 4 095 OXEFFF 61 439 and OxFFFF missing data are used to flag out of range measurements or are otherwise reserved Temperatures in the range 0 0015 C to 0 0005 C are mapped to OxXFFFE The salinity range is 4 095 psu to 61 439 psu Hex values OxFO00 nonfinite OxFOO1 lt 4 095 OXEFFF 61 439 and OxFFFF missing data are used to flag out of range measurements or are otherwise reserved Salin
20. g shipping 6 of 40 A Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool Shortly before deployment reset the profiler by holding the Reset Tool over the marked location on the pressure case Hold the Reset Tool in position for approximately 3 seconds Remove the Reset Tool only after you hear the air pump activate The float will run a brief self test This is the Mission Activation phase During this time the operator should verify proper function of the float see Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check The float will then transmit test messages for 6 hours at the programmed repetition rate during the Mission Prelude phase Six hours is typical the duration of the Mission Prelude can be set by the operator The piston will be fully extended at the beginning of the Mission Prelude before the test transmissions begin and the air bladder will be fully inflated during the first dozen or so test transmissions At the conclusion of the Mission Prelude the float will begin its pre programmed mission Manual Deployment Summary e Hold the Reset Tool over the RESET label e Mission Activation o Air pump runs once o Self test conducted see below for verification procedure Internal tests run can be monitored if communication cable is connected see Connecting a Terminal 6 ARGOS transmissions o Piston EXTENDED fully e Mission Prelude o Test transmissions at the programmed repetition rate o Mission Prelude duration is typic
21. h to confirm the pressure rating of specific floats Do not exceed the rated pressure or the hull may collapse 5 of 40 IV Evaluating the Float and Starting the Mission Profilers are shipped to the customer in Hibernate mode The Pressure Activation feature is NOT ACTIVE With the Pressure Activation feature included in this version of the APF9A firmware there are two possible deployment procedures The procedures are described below IMPORTANT Pressure Activation is NOT automatic for this firmware version of the APF9A The Pressure Activation feature MUST be MANUALLY ACTIVATED by the OPERATOR using a PC to communicate with the float The following sections Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool and Pressure Activation Deployment provide operational summaries for these two possible deployment scenarios Both sections refer to self tests conducted by the float and float function checks performed by the operator A detailed description of proper float behavior self tests and the associated operator actions and observations needed to evaluate the float for deployment is provided in Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check IMPORTANT The float should not be deployed if it does not behave as described in Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check Teledyne Webb Research strongly recommends testing all APEX Profilers on receipt by the customer and before deployment to ensure no damage has occurred durin
22. he piston and the first descent of the programmed mission will begin Pressure Activated Deployment Once the piston is fully retracted the float will enter the Pressure Activation phase During this phase it will check the pressure every two hours hibernating in between The float will not enter the Mission Prelude phase until it detects a pressure in excess of 25 dbar There will be no test transmissions nor inflation of the air bladder until the Mission Prelude phase begins When the trigger pressure is detected the float will extend the piston and begin the Mission Prelude making ARGOS test transmissions at the specified repetition rate and also running the air pump to inflate the air bladder see above The duration of the Mission Prelude is set by the operator 6 hours is typical At the end of the Mission Prelude the ARGOS test transmissions will cease the float will deflate the air bladder and retract the piston and the first descent of the programmed mission will begin 10 The float is ready to deploy 12 of 40 E Notes and Caveats Self Tests During the self tests the float checks e The internal vacuum e Communication with the CTD e The internal alarm timer settings If any of the self tests fail the float will abort the mission The clearest indication to the operator that this has occurred is the failure of the float to make the initial 6 ARGOS transmissions at 6 second intervals If you do not detect these Mission Ac
23. in bars Below is an example of a final message The actual byte location of the last sample and start of the auxiliary data will depend on actual number of samples collected This is an example to demonstrate auxiliary data format only Final Data Message 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s Mnemonic Description 1 CRC Message CRC 2 MSG Message ID each data message block is comprised of multiple messages this will be a 2 for Data Message 2 3 4 TN 2 Temperature 5 6 SN 2 Salinity 7 8 PN 2 Pressure 9 10 TN 1 Temperature second to last point in depth table 11 12 SN 1 Salinity 13 14 PN 1 Pressure 15 16 TN Temperature last point in depth table 17 18 SN Salinity 19 20 PN Pressure 21 22 Ptime Profile initiation time minutes 2 s compliment signed integer positive values profile initiated after down time expired negative values profile initiated before down time expired 23 NDM Number of descent pressure measurements 24 DMI Pressure taken at end of piston retraction 25 DM2 Pressure taken 1 hour after beginning of descent bars 26 DM3 Pressure taken 2 hours after beginning of descent bars 27 DM4 Pressure taken 3 hours after beginning of descent bars 28 DM5 Pressure taken 4 hours after beginning of descent bars 29 DM6 Pressure taken 5 hours after beginning of descent bars 30 Filler OXFF 31 Filler OXFF 32 NA Not used only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID 26 of 40 D Conversion from Hexadecimal to
24. ing P only measurement An exception was detected while parsing the P only non pedantic regular expression No response detected from SBE41 for P only request Not yet used Not yet used An exception was detected while parsing the PTS pedantic regular expression The SBE41 response to PTS measurement failed the pedantic regular expression NULL argument detected during PTS measurement An exception was detected while parsing the PTS non pedantic regular expression No response detected from SBE41 for PTS request SBE41 error occurred during configuration Not yet used 23 of 40 Data Message 2 continues with miscellaneous engineering data and statistics for the PTS measurements taken periodically during the Park phase Data Message 2 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Mnemonic Description CRC MSG EPOCH TINIT NADJ ParkN TMean PMean StDevT Message CRC Message ID each data message block is comprised of multiple messages this will be a 2 for Data Message 2 Unix epoch when down time expired Apf9a RTC Time minutes when telemetry phase was initiated relative to EPOCH 2 s compliment signed integer Number of active ballast adjustments made during Park phase Number of samples collected during Park phase Mean temperature during Park phase Mean pressure during Park phase Standard deviation of temperature during
25. ins to launch the float see Deploying the Float No further communications with the float is required and the float can be reliably deployed by relatively inexperienced personnel 8 of 40 One caution is in order The air bladder is not automatically inflated until the beginning of the Mission Prelude phase of a deployment This means it cannot be checked by the operator for leaks during the normal course of a Pressure Activation deployment Therefore we strongly recommend that you either e Manually inflate and check the air bladder before starting a Pressure Activation deployment Be sure to manually close the air valve before trying to inflate the air bladder Starting a Pressure Activation deployment will automatically deflate the bladder Or e Start a Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool or an operator command and reassert operator control after the Mission Activation and initial portion of the Mission Prelude phases with attendant operator float function check has successfully completed Pressure Activation Deployment Summary e Establish communication with the float see Connecting a Terminal e Press a or A e Mission Activation o Air pump runs once o Self test conducted see below for verification procedure Internal tests run can be monitored if communication cable is connected see Connecting a Terminal 6 ARGOS transmissions o Air bladder deflated o Piston RETRACTED fully e Deploy the float e Press
26. ities in the range 0 0015 psu to 0 0005 psu are mapped to OxXFFFE The pressure range is 3276 7 dbar to 3276 7 dbar Hex values 0x8000 nonfinite 0x8001 lt 3276 7 OX7FFF 32767 7 and OxFFFF missing data are used to flag out of range measurements or are otherwise reserved Pressures in the range 0 15 dbar to 0 05 dbar are mapped to OxXFFFE 28 of 40 E Depth Table 65 for PTS Samples Depth Tables 65 below with values expressed in decibars dbar defines where PTS measurements are acquired during a profile Depth Table No 65 Sample Pressure Sample Pressure Sample Pressure Point dbar Point dbar Point dbar Bottom 1 2000 27 550 53 170 2 1900 28 525 54 160 3 1800 29 500 55 150 4 1700 30 475 56 140 5 1600 31 450 57 130 6 1500 32 425 58 120 7 1450 33 400 59 110 8 1400 34 375 60 100 9 1350 35 350 61 90 10 1300 36 340 62 80 11 1250 37 330 63 70 12 1200 38 320 64 60 13 1150 39 310 65 50 14 1100 40 300 66 40 15 1050 41 290 67 30 16 1000 42 280 68 20 17 950 43 270 69 10 18 900 44 260 70 4or surf 19 850 45 250 20 800 46 240 21 750 47 230 22 700 48 220 23 650 49 210 24 625 50 200 25 600 51 190 26 575 52 180 To prevent fouling of the CTD by surface and near surface contaminants the shallowest PTS sample is taken when the pressure is between 6 dbar and 4 dbar 29 of 40 F Telemetry Error Checking CRC ARGOS messages can contain transmission errors For this reason the first element of each message
27. me limit for descending from the surface and drifting at the Park Depth Down Time is commonly set to 10 days or to 10 days less the Up Time e Up Time Programmed time limit for ascending from the Park or the Profile Depth and drifting at the surface while transmitting the data acquired during the profile Up Time is typically set between 12 hours and 20 hours increasing with the amount of data to be transmitted per profile The latitude of the deployment also matters ARGOS satellites are in polar orbits so the number of satellite passes per day increases with latitude e Ascent Rate The ascent rate of the float is maintained at or above 8 cm s The float extends the piston by a user specified amount to add buoyancy when the ascent rate falls below this threshold A Profile Ascent Timing Profiles from the Park Depth begin when the operator programmed Down Time expires The float extends the piston by an operator programmed initial amount and begins the ascent A PTS sample is collected at the end of the Park phase When a profile is to begin from the Profile Depth the float will retract the piston and descend from the Park Depth an operator programmed interval before the expiration of the Down Time This interval Parameter Mtj Deep profile descent time in hours provides the additional time needed to descend to and profile from the Profile Depth without losing significant surface time the period when data from the profile are transmitted
28. ment every two hours hibernating between measurements If the pressure is less than 25 dbar the float returns to hibernation If the pressure exceeds 25 dbar the float fully extends the piston and begins the Mission Prelude with test transmissions and air bladder inflation During the Pressure Activation phase the operator can communicate with the float This does NOT NORMALLY deactivate Pressure Activation However a k or K kill command during this phase will deactivate Pressure Activation and stop the mission DO NOT DEPLOY THE FLOAT AFTER A KILL K COMMAND UNLESS YOU HAVE STARTED A MANUAL DEPLOYMENT OR RESTARTED A PRESSURE ACTIVATION DEPLOYMENT IF YOU FAIL TO OBSERVE THIS CAUTION AND LAUNCH THE FLOAT IT WILL SINK TO A NEUTRAL DEPTH AND STAY THERE IT WILL NOT SURFACE AGAIN In the absence of a kill command the float will automatically resume the Pressure Activation phase after several minutes without operator input Placing the Reset Tool over the RESET mark during the Pressure Activation phase will start a deployment Pressure Activation Deployment Scenario Using the Pressure Activation feature minimizes operator float interaction while at sea A skilled operator can fully test the float while still in the laboratory environment or while the vessel is still at the dock At the conclusion of testing the Pressure Activation feature can be activated and the float can be left to await deployment When the vessel is on station it only rema
29. ngth Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 226 Piston full extension Counts Mff 022 Piston storage position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D 02ac Mission signature hex 39 of 40 Instrument 5099 APEX version 062608 sn 7148 3706D8B 28 bit hex Argos id Ma 044 Argos repetition period Seconds Mr INACTV ToD for down time expiration Minutes Mtc 225 Down time Hours Mtd 015 Up time Hours Mtu 009 Ascent time out Hours Mta 006 Deep profile descent time Hours Mtj 006 Park descent time Hours Mtk 006 Mission prelude Hours Mtp 1000 Park pressure Decibars Mk 2000 Deep profile pressure Decibars Mj 066 Park piston position Counts Mbp 000 Compensator hyper retraction Counts Mbh 016 Deep profile piston position Counts Mbj 010 Ascent buoyancy nudge Counts Mbn 022 Initial buoyancy nudge Counts Mbi 001 Park n profile cycle length Mn 120 Maximum air bladder pressure Counts Mfb 096 OK vacuum threshold Counts Mfv 226 Piston full extension Counts Mff 022 Piston storage position Counts Mfs 2 Logging verbosity 0 5 D 0002 DebugBits D 75b8 Mission signature hex 40 of 40
30. ote It can be difficult to replace the plug when the air bladder is fully inflated We suggest that you reinsert the plug before the bladder is fully inflated The plug prevents the entry of silt into the cowling in the event the float contacts the sea floor 10 of 40 5 6 7 8 Start a Manual or Pressure Activated Deployment as described above in the Manual Deployment with the Reset Tool and Pressure Activation Deployment sections This will trigger the Mission Activation self tests Where applicable the description below indicates where the two versions of the self tests differ Verify by ear that the air pump is activated for approximately 1 second DO NOT DEPLOY THE FLOAT IF IT DOES NOT BEHAVE AS DESCRIBED BELOW FLOATS THAT DO NOT PASS THE SELF TESTS SHOULD NOT BE DEPLOYED CONTACT Teledyne Webb Research FOR ASSISTANCE The float will conduct self tests for approximately 15 seconds Progress and diagnostic messages will be displayed if a terminal is connected to the float see Connecting a Terminal for additional information If the float passes the self tests it will make 6 ARGOS transmissions with a 6 second interval You can detect these transmissions using the cat s meow sensor as shown in the image at right Hold the sensor parallel to and within 15 cm 6 inches of the float s antenna The cat s meow will beep during each ARGOS transmission Do not deploy the float if you do not detect
31. ssage block centibars Vacuum measured during self tests counts Air bladder pressure measured once for each test message block counts Quiescent battery voltage measured once for each test message block counts Up time hours Down time hours Park pressure decibars Park piston position counts Buoyancy nudge during ascent counts Internal vacuum threshold counts Ascent time out hours Maximum air bladder pressure counts Profile pressure decibars Profile piston position counts Park and profile cycle length Not used only exists for a float with a 20 bit ARGOS ID 19 of 40 Test Message 2 28 bit ARGOS ID Byte s 1 2 3 ONNNA O 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 27 32 Mnemonic Description CRC MSG BLK MON DAY YR FEXT FRET IBN CHR DPDP PDP PRE REP SBESN SBEFW EPOCH TOD DEBUG Message CRC Message ID 2 for Test Message 2 Message block ID increments with each transmitted message block and wraps at OxFF F W Revision Month F W Revision Day F W Revision Year 2 digit Piston full extension counts Piston full retraction counts Initial buoyancy nudge starts profile counts Compensator hyper retraction counts Deep profile descent period hours Park descent period hours Mission prelude period hours ARGOS transmission repetition period seconds Seabird SBE41 serial number encoded as a hex integer e g
32. ssion Prelude Data Messages 28 bit ARGOS ID Conversion from Hexadecimal to Physical Units Depth Table 65 for PTS Samples Telemetry Error Checking CRC 18 19 22 27 29 30 31 32 32 33 34 Appendix F Returning APEX floats for factory repair or refurbishment Appendix G Missions 38 39 2 of 40 l Alkaline Battery Warning The profiler contains batteries comprised of alkaline manganese dioxide D cells There is a small but finite possibility that batteries of alkaline cells will release a combustible gas mixture This gas release generally is not evident when batteries are exposed to the atmosphere as the gases are dispersed and diluted to a safe level When the batteries are confined in a sealed instrument mechanism the gases can accumulate and an explosion is possible Teledyne Webb Research has added a catalyst inside of these instruments to recombine hydrogen and oxygen into H20 and the instrument has been designed to relieve excessive internal pressure buildup by having the upper end cap release Teledyne Webb Research knows of no way to completely eliminate this hazard The user is warned and must accept and deal with this risk in order to use this instrument safely as so provided Personnel with knowledge and training to deal with this risk should seal or operate the instrument Teledyne Webb Research disclaims liability for any consequences of combustion or explosion 3 of
33. tatic unsigned char CrcScrambler unsigned char byte unsigned char sum 0 tst if C byte byte Oxff tst byte if tst 2 sum tst gt gt 2 if tst 2 sum tst gt gt 1 if tst 2 sum tst gt gt 1 if tst 2 sum sum 2 return byte gt gt 1 Csum lt lt 7 30 of 40 Appendix A Surface Arrival Time and Total Surface Time Calculating surface drift vectors may require that you estimate the surface arrival time Although each message is time stamped by ARGOS there may not be a satellite in view at the time the float surfaces In this case the initial messages are not received ARGOS telemetry begins when the float detects the surface The messages are transmitted in numerical order starting with Message 1 When all of the messages in the block have been transmitted the cycle repeats Transmissions continue at the programmed repetition rate until the Up Time expires The elapsed time since surfacing can be estimated using the message block number m the number of messages in the block n and the programmed ARGOS repetition period p Te m 1 xnxp The block number BLK is included in each ARGOS message set The total number of messages can be determined from the information in Data Message 1 which includes the number of PTS measurements made during the profile LEN Note that this value may not be the same as the number of entries in the depth table For example a float may drift into
34. tension 1 254 counts Display float serial number Storage Piston Position 1 254 counts OK vacuum threshold 1 254 counts List mission parameters Park and profile cycle length 1 254 Deep profile Pressure 0 2000 decibars Park Pressure 0 2000 decibars Quit the mission programming agent Repetition period for Argos transmissions 30 120 sec Mission Timing Agent Ascent time out period 1 10 hours Hours 36 of 40 Td Down time 0 336 hours Hours Tj Deep profile descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tk Park descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tp Mission prelude 0 6 hours Hours Tu Up time 0 24 hours Hours Z Analyze the current mission programming Buoyancy Parameter Menu gt B Menu of buoyancy control parameters Print this menu ah Compensator hyper retraction for park descent 0 254 counts Bi Ascent initiation buoyancy nudge 25 254 piston counts Bj Deep profile piston position 1 254 counts Bn Ascent maintenance buoyancy nudge 5 254 piston counts Bp Park piston position 1 254 counts Timing Parameter Menu gt T Menu of mission timing parameters Print this menu a Ascent time out period 1 10 hours Hours Td Down time 0 336 hours Hours Tj Deep profile descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tk Park descent time 0 6 hours Hours Tp Mission prelude 0 6 hours Hours Tu Up time 0 24 hours Hours SBE41 Menu gt S Menu of SBE41 functions
35. ter let go of the lower end of the rope and pull on the top end slowly and carefully until the rope clears the hole and the float is released It may take several minutes for the cowling to fully flood with water and the float may drift at an angle or even rest on its side during this period This is normal behavior and not a cause for concern Manual Deployment The float will remain on surface for the duration of the Mission Prelude Pressure Activated Deployment The float will sink immediately It will return to the surface within 3 hours and begin the Mission Prelude after detecting a pressure in excess of 25 dbar 14 of 40 VI Park and Profile The APF9A float can be set to profile from a maximum depth Profile Depth after a programmable number N of profiles from a shallower depth Park Depth Special cases are conducting all profiles from either the Profile Depth or the Park Depth The latter is an important special case that can be selected by setting N 254 This will cause all profiles start at the Park Depth the programmed Profile Depth is ignored Between profiles the float drifts at the Park Depth Terminology e Park Depth Intermediate depth at which the float drifts between profiles and from which the float profiles in cycles not evenly divisible by N e Profile Depth Maximum depth to which the float descends from the Park Depth every Nth cycle and from which each Nth profile is conducted e Down Time Programmed ti
36. tered IMPORTANT Piston full extension set with menu parameter Ff is calibrated and set at the factory Do not alter the value of Ff shown in the Missions appendix Using a value larger than the factory setting may result in severe damage to the pump Main Menu gt Menu selections are not case sensitive Print this help menu Initiate pressure activation of mission Calibrate battery volts current amp vacuum Set logging verbosity 0 5 Execute activate mission Diagnostics agent Diagnostics menu Kill deactivate mission List mission parameters Mission programming agent Mission programming menu Display the pressure table Exit command mode Seabird CTD agent Seabird CTD menu Get Set RTC time format mm dd yyyy hh mm ss ANNOPVESCMPAXRHMONS N Diagnostics Menu gt I Menu of diagnostics Print this menu Run air pump for 6 seconds Move piston to the piston storage position Close air valve Display piston position Extend the piston 4 counts Goto a specified position 1 254 counts Open air valve Retract the piston 4 counts Argos PTT test Calculate ToD down time expiration Run air pump for 6 seconds deprecated PNarADTOuMUAaAaAnTNA N 34 of 40 WO CON MUN Argos PTT test deprecated Retract the piston 4 counts deprecated Extend the piston 4 counts deprecated Display piston position deprecated Open air valve deprecated Close air valve depr
37. the piston is moving the Reset Tool but not a keystroke can be used to terminate the move The APF9 will transition to its next state or task Typically this will be either Command Mode or Sleep so try a keystroke or a second application of the Reset Tool after the piston stops to confirm or trigger the transition to Command Mode e If the APF9 is not responding it is probably busy with some task Be patient and occasionally try to get the attention of the float with either the Reset Tool or a keystroke 4 of 40 lll Maximum Operating Pressure APEX profilers have a maximum operating pressure of 2000 dbar 2900 psi However for shallower applications thinner walled pressure cylinders can be used These cylinders have a reduced pressure rating but less mass which allows them to carry a larger battery payload Three cylinder pressure ratings are available e 2000 dbar maximum pressure rating e 1500 dbar battery payload typically 14 greater than with 2000 dbar cylinder e 1200 dbar battery payload typically 28 greater than with 2000 dbar cylinder For example if an APEX profiler is specified by the customer for 1400 dbar maximum profile depth then the 1500 dbar cylinder would normally be used CAUTION If you will be e Exposing floats to significant hydrostatic pressure during ballasting or testing e Re ballasting and re programming floats for a depth greater than the original specification Please contact Teledyne Webb Researc
38. the six 6 ARGOS transmissions Manual Deployment If not already fully extended the float Float Antenna Tranemiesian deleto will fully extend the piston This process may require up to 25 minutes The oil bladder will expand during this time Pressure Activated Deployment If not already fully retracted the float will fully retract the piston This process may require up to 25 minutes The oil bladder will deflate during this time The volume of oil in the bladder is difficult to detect by hand You may be able to hear the pump by placing your ear against the hull 11 of 40 9 Manual Deployment Once the piston is fully extended the float enters the Mission Prelude phase During this phase it will transmit test messages at the operator specified ARGOS repetition period These transmissions can be detected with the Cat s Meow The float will run the air pump for 6 seconds during each test transmission until the air bladder is fully inflated Inflating the air bladder typically requires 8 to 10 repetitions Check for air bladder inflation by sticking your finger not a tool through the hole in the bottom of the yellow cowling as described in Step 4 above Don t forget to replace the plug before deploying the float The duration of the Mission Prelude is set by the operator 6 hours is typical At the end of the Mission Prelude the ARGOS test transmissions will cease the float will deflate the air bladder and retract t
39. tivation transmissions with the Cat s Meow DO NOT DEPLOY THE FLOAT Manual Deployment In the case of a Manual deployment if the float is not deployed before the completion of the Mission Prelude phase RESET the float again and wait for it to complete the Mission Activation phase and begin the Mission Prelude before you deploy it Pressure Activated Deployment In the case of a Pressure Activated Deployment the operator is necessarily absent when the float begins the Mission Prelude This means the operator does not have the opportunity to check the air bladder for leaks that a Manual Deployment offers For this reason we strongly recommend that you manually inflate and check the bladder before starting a Pressure Activated Deployment 13 of 40 1 2 3 4 5 Deploying the Float Pass a rope through the hole in the plastic damper plate which is shown in the image at right The rope should fit easily through the hole and be capable of supporting 50 kg 100 Ib Holding both ends of the rope bight carefully lower the float into water The damper plate is amply strong enough to support the weight of the float However do not let rope slide rapidly through the hole as this may cut the plastic disk and release the float prematurely Take care not to damage the CTD or the ARGOS antenna against the side of the ship while lowering the float Do not leave the rope with the instrument Once the float is in the wa
40. ure Activation o Pressure measured every 2 hours o Pressure in excess of 25 dbar extends piston inflates air bladder triggers transition to Mission Prelude e Mission Prelude o Test transmissions 6 hours typical o Air pump run during transmissions until air bladder is fully inflated The float can be deployed after the Mission Activation phase and proper functioning of the float have been successfully completed C Mission Activation and Mission Prelude ARGOS Transmissions The six ARGOS transmissions during Mission Activation and the transmissions during the Mission Prelude contain data about the instrument The information needed to decode these messages is provided in the ARGOS Data section of this manual 9 of 40 1 2 3 4 Mission Activation and Operator Float Function Check Secure the float in a horizontal position using the foam cradles from the shipping crate The minimum internal temperature of the float is 2 0 C If necessary allow the float to warm up indoors before proceeding Remove the plastic bag and three 3 plugs from the CTD sensor as shown in the two images below Carefully remove the black rubber plug from the bottom center of the yellow cowling as shown in the image below This will allow you to verify air bladder inflation in the steps below Use only your fingers to remove the plug Tools may puncture or otherwise harm the bladder Be sure to replace the plug before deployment N
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