Diver Manual
Contents
1. November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 2 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services The water column WC above the Diver can be expressed as WC 9806 65 Diver bare 1 where p is the pressure in cmH20 g is the acceleration due to gravity 9 81 m s and fi is the density of the water 1 000 kg m The water level WL in relation to the vertical reference datum can be calculated as follows WL TOC CL WC 2 By substituting WC from equation 1 in equation 2 we obtain WL TOC CL 9806 65 Diver are 3 If the cable length is not exactly known it can be determined using a manual measurement From the figure below it is Clear that the manual measurement MM is taken from the top of casing to the water level The value of the water level is positive unless in exceptional circumstances the water level is situated above the top of casing The cable length can now be calculated as follows CL MM WC 4 where the water column WC is calculated on the basis of the measurements taken by the Diver and the Baro Diver L Comments e fthe pressure measured by the Diver and the Baro Diver is measured at different points in time it is necessary to interpolate The software automatically performs this interpolation e tis possible to enter manual measurements into the software The software subsequently automatically calculates the cable length Example The top of casing is measur2. This is the basic Diver manufactured using a stainless steel 316 L casing with a 22 mm diameter The Mini Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 24 000 measurements date time pressure and temperature e Micro Diver This is the smallest Diver with a diameter of 18 mm and a stainless steel 316 L casing The Micro Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 48 000 measurements This Diver is suitable for pipes with a diameter of at least 20 mm 0 787 in e Cera Diver This Diver comes with a 22 mm diameter ceramic casing and is suitable for use in brackish and salt water or in other aggressive environments The Cera Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 48 000 measurements e CTD Diver In addition to taking pressure and temperature measurements this Diver also measures the water s conductivity The 22 mm diameter ceramic casing is suitable for brackish or saltwater applications as well as in aggressive environments The CTD Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 48 000 measurements e Baro Diver This Diver measures atmospheric pressure and is used to compensate for the variations in atmospheric pressure measured by the other Divers This Diver can also be used for measuring shallow water levels up to 1 meter The stainless steel 316 L casing has a diameter of 22 mm The Baro Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 24 000 measurements November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 4 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Serv
3. m November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 29 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services To determine the relative barometric pressure deviation relative to Po at 5 C T 278 15 K at a height differential of H the above referenced formula can be used Ph Po Po 1 e MSHIRD x 100 By substituting the data a relative deviation of 1 2 at a height differential of 100 m is obtained At a height differential of 1 000 m this increases to 11 5 We therefore recommend that all Divers and the Baro Divers in a network be placed such that the mutual height differentials are minimised If necessary multiple Baro Divers can be deployed to avoid the abovementioned problems November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 30 copyright of SLB Page 31
4. 4404 1 4404 Pressure sensor Alumina Al203 Suspension eye Nylon PAG glass fibre reinforced 30 nose cone O rings Viton Communication Optically separated Memory capacity 24 000 measurements 48 000 measurements 48 000 measurements Memory Non volatile memory A measurement consists of date time pressure temperature Sample interval 0 5 sec to 99 hours Sampling options Fixed interval Yes Yes Yes Event based No Yes Yes Pump test No Yes Yes to be configured by user Averaging No Yes Yes Battery life 8 10 years depending on use Theoretical capacity 5 million measurements 2000x memory readouts November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 10 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services vp Gop Gam 2000x programming Clock accuracy Better than 1 minute per year at 25 C Better than 5 minutes per year within the calibrated temperature range CE marking EMC in accordance with the 89 336 EEC directive Basic EN 61000 4 2 standard Emissions EN 55022 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 Class B Immunity EN 55024 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 Certificate number 06C00301CRT01 06C00300CRT01 06C00299CRT01 CTD Diver Diameter 22 mm Length 135 mm incl suspension eye Weight 95 gram Material casing Zirconia ZrOz Protection class IP68 10 years continuously submerged in water at 100 m Memory capacity 48 000 measurements Sampling rate 1 sec to 99 hours Sampling options
5. Fixed interval Yes Event based Yes Pump test to be Yes configured by user Averaging Yes Conductivity measurement range 0 120 mS cm accuracy 1 of reading with a minimum of 10 uS cm resolution 0 1 of reading with a minimum of 1 uS cm for 30 mS cm range 10 uS cm for 120 mS cm range November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 11 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Battery life 8 10 years depending on use Theoretical capacity 2 million measurements 500x memory readouts 500x programming CE marking EMC in accordance with the 89 336 EEC directive Basic EN 61000 4 2 standard Emissions EN 55022 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 Class B Immunity EN 55024 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 The other parameters are identical to the Cera Diver The Diver is always active The leakage current of the integrated battery is dependent on the temperature If the Diver is used stored or transported for extended periods of time under high temperature this will adversely affect the life of the battery The battery s capacity at lower temperatures is reduced but this is not permanent This is normal behaviour for batteries The accuracy of the clock is highly dependent on temperature The clock is actively compensated for temperature in all models General Transport Suitable for transportation by vehicles ships and airplanes in the supplied packaging Resistance to vibratio
6. protrudes from below the monitoring well A thinner monitoring well has been placed into the steel pipe in which the Diver can be installed November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 21 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services The use of Divers at Elevation Divers can be used at any elevation ranging from 300 metres below sea level to 5 000 metres above sea level Appendix contains further information on the use of Divers at elevations Baro Diver The Baro Diver must be installed in such a way that it only measures atmospheric pressure under all conditions A location that is not subject to rapid temperature variations is preferred Use in Seawater Do not use a Mini Diver or Micro Diver in seawater The Mini Diver and Micro Diver are made of 316L stainless steel This material is not suited for brackish and or seawater because it is subject to corrosion crevice corrosion Corrosion is caused by the salt content and can be enhanced by temperature and the other substances in the water We recommend that you select the Cera Diver and or CTD Diver for use in semi saline water and or seawater These Divers are made of ceramic materials that are able to withstand semi saline water and or seawater Diver Maintenance In principle the Diver does not require any maintenance When required the casing can be cleaned with a soft cloth Calcium and other deposits can be removed with white vinegar The flow through ope
7. stop and program the Diver The files collected with Diver Pocket can subsequently be downloaded to a computer This is however not necessary for importing the Diver Pocket data into Diver Office Diver Office comes equipped with an import function that is capable of flawlessly locating these files on an interconnected Pocket PC The software program s manual contains additional information about how to work with a Diver Pocket November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 6 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services ii i J Diver Pocket November 2014 www swstechnology com Page T copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Technical Information The Diver is a datalogger housed in a cylindrical casing with a suspension eye at the top The suspension eye can be unscrewed and is designed to install the Diver into the monitoring well and protects the optical connector The electronics sensors and battery are installed maintenance free into the casing The Diver may not be opened In case of any complaints please contact your supplier The name of the datalogger the model number the measurement range and the serial number SN are clearly identified on the side of the Diver This information is burnt in using a laser and is consequently chemically neutral and inerasable Examples lt BARO CID DIVER Ai ce www swstechnology com A cllunterger pridie www awetechnology com A ikmirer reist www sw
8. 0 mH20 25 cmH20 5 cmH20 20 cmH20 2 cmH20 0 358 cmH20 150 mH20 www swstechnology com Page 14 copyright of SLB Micro Diver g ovs Water column measurement range Accuracy max Accuracy typical Long term stability Resolution Display resolution Burst pressure q D Water column measurement range Accuracy max Accuracy typical Long term stability Resolution Display resolution Burst pressure Cera Diver Water column measurement range Accuracy max Accuracy typical Long term stability Resolution Display resolution November 2014 DI601 10 mH20 3 cmH20 1 cmH20 3 cmH20 0 2 cmH20 0 058 cmH20 15 mH20 DI605 50 mH20 15 cmH20 5 cmH20 15 cmH20 1 cmH20 0 192 cmH20 75 mH20 DI701 10 mH20 2 cmH20 0 5 cmH20 2 cmH20 0 2 cmH20 0 058 cmH20 Schlumberger Water Services DI602 20 mH20 6 cmH20 2 cmH20 6 cmH20 0 4 cmH20 0 092 cmH20 30 mH20 DI610 100 mH20 30 cmH20 10 cmH20 30 cmH20 2 cmH20 0 358 cmH20 150 mH20 DI702 20 mH20 4 cmH20 1 cmH20 4 cmH20 0 4 cmH20 0 092 cmH20 www swstechnology com Page 15 copyright of SLB Burst pressure 15 mH20 o TA o DI705 Water column measurement 50 mH2O range Accuracy max 10 cmH20 Accuracy typical 2 5 cmH20 Long term stability 10 cmH20 Resolution 1 cmH20 Display resolution 0 192 cmH20 Burst pressure 75 mH20 CTD Diver Water col
9. 7 100 7 Tret 100 0 T Tef where Ktrer Specific conductivity at Tret K Conductivity at T Tret Reference temperature 25 C T Sample temperature Temperature coefficient 1 91 C The temperature coefficient used in the CTD Diver is 1 91 C and the reference temperature is 25 C The setting to measure conductivity or specific conductivity can be programmed into the CTD Diver by the user November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 25 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services FAQ This section contains an overview of questions frequently received from our customers and our answers to them If you do not find the answer you are looking for in this FAQ please contact Schlumberger Water Services Q How do install my Diver A Most Divers are installed underwater in a monitoring well The depth at which you can suspend a Diver depends on the instrument s measurement range Determine the lowest possible water level measured from the top of the casing or another reference point prior to the installation If the Diver is at least suspended at this depth it is then certain that the Diver always measures the water level B The Diver can be suspended from a Diver Data Cable DDC or from a non stretch steel cable by means of a suspension eye Attach the Diver to the monitoring well cover and the suspension eye with two cable Clips Q How do I connect a Diver to my computer A The way
10. Schlumberger Water Services November 2014 www swstechnology com copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Diver by Schlumberger Water Services Version November 2014 All rights reserved Nothing in this publication may be duplicated stored in a computerised data file or made public in any form or manner whatsoever be it electronic mechanical in photocopies recordings or in any other way without prior written permission from Schlumberger Water Services Netherlands B V Im Vertrieb der Hydrosens ao Eigenbrodt GmbH amp Co KG Baurat Wiese Strafse 68 D 21255 Konigsmoor Tel 49 4180 732 Email hydrosens eigenbrodt de und der UTK EcoSens GmbH Platanenweg 45 D 06712 Zeitz Tel 49 3441 224 224 Email hydrosens utk klima de gemeinsame Web Site WWW HYDROSENS COM Schlumberger Water Services Delftechpark 20 PO Box 553 2600 AN Delft The Netherlands Tel 31 0 15 275 5000 www swstechnology com November 2014 www swstechnology com copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Table of Contents Introduction 1 About this Manual 1 Operating Principle 1 Measuring Water Levels 2 Measuring Temperature 4 Diver models 4 Software 5 Technical Information 8 Calibration Procedure 8 Manufacturer s Certificate 8 Specifications 8 Baro Diver Mini Diver Micro Diver and Cera Diver 10 CTD Diver 11 General 12 Temperature 12 Pressure 14 Diver Installation and Maintenance 19 Intro
11. able temperature It is necessary to make use of good reference fluids and clean tools in order to perform a proper and reliable recalibration The conductivity accuracy specification of the CTD Diver for the full 0 120 mS cm measurement range can only be achieved if the CTD Diver is calibrated at all four calibration points 1 413 5 12 88 and 80 mS cm If you choose to use the CTD Diver in a specific application you may decide to perform the calibration on no 1 or 2 points This means that the CTD Diver meets the specifications in that particular measurement range The CTD Diver may deviate somewhat from the specifications outside the calibrated measurement range November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 24 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Example If the CTD Diver is used in a measurement range of 2 3 mS cm perform the user calibration at 1 413 and or 5 mS cm The CTD Diver will consequently be within the specifications for the 1 413 to 5 mS cm measurement range lf the user calibration is later carried out at the four calibration points then the CTD Diver will once again meet its specifications for the full measurement range The procedure for calibrating a CTD Diver can be found in the Diver Office software manual Note When the CTD Diver has not been used for an extended period of time take the following steps prior to calibration Program the CTD Diver with a one minute sample interval and start the CTD Di
12. act value of the conductivity of the liquid is determined with a calibrated reference sensor 3 During the calibration check of the conductivity sensor the CTD Diver is immersed in 6 conductivity fluids 0 15 0 9 3 0 12 35 and 75 mS cm The values measured by the CTD Diver are compared to the reference values this determines whether the deviation is within the limits of the specifications The factory calibration is stored permanently in the CTD Diver Field calibration The conductivity sensor is in contrast to the pressure and temperature sensor sensitive to pollution Therefore it is advisable to check the sensor regularly A simple verification consists of two steps Firstly take the CTD Diver out of the well and shake it dry Then take an actual reading the reading should be 0 mS cm The reading may be slightly higher if the conductivity sensor is not completely dry Second immerse the CTD Diver in a conductivity calibration solution Ensure that there are no air bubbles trapped inside the conductivity measurement cell Take another actual reading and compare with the value of the calibration solution Note if the CTD Diver is set to read Conductivity i e not Specific Conductivity ensures that the reading is corrected for temperature lf the deviation is greater than the specified accuracy it is recommended to recalibrate the CTD Diver It is important to note that this calibration should be performed in an environment with a st
13. at can be used to download data from Divers in the field Diver Pocket is the software package developed for use on this platform The ActiveSync software program that is supplied with the Pocket PC is used to install the Diver Pocket program on the Pocket PC The user has the option of installing a simplified version only suitable for Diver read outs or an expanded version capable of performing all Diver interactions A license code is required to use the Diver Pocket Manager version Q s a Diver limited to being used at sea level A No Divers can be used from 300 m below sea level to 5 000 m above sea level Q Do you always need two Divers for measuring a single monitoring well A No but at least one Baro Diver to monitor barometric pressure must be included in each network For example 20 Divers and one Baro Diver would have to be installed for a network with 20 monitoring wells We recommend installing one surplus Baro Diver as a backup for larger networks This is dependent on geographical conditions Q What is the radius from the Divers within which the Baro Diver should be placed to ensure proper compensation for atmospheric pressure A The rule of thumb on open terrain at approximately the same elevation one Baro Diver is required within a maximum radius of 15 km Q What is the formula for converting the results of the Divers Baro Diver measurements from cmH20 e g 1 020 74 cmH20 to atmospheric pressure mbar A The Dive
14. ate matter How the CTD Diver is cleaned prior to the calibration temperature related matters and how the calibration liquid is handled are all very important It is not recommended to calibrate the CTD Diver in the field November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 28 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Appendix Use of Divers at elevations Divers can be used at any elevation ranging from 300 metres below sea level to 5 000 metres above sea level It is however recommended that all Divers and the Baro Diver forming part of the same network be used at the same elevation whenever possible The relationship between atmospheric pressure variations and elevation is exponential rather than linear Py Po e Mg HRT where Pu atmospheric pressure at elevation height H Po atmospheric pressure at reference height M 28 8 10 kg mol molecular mass of air g 9 81 m s standard gravity H height in metres R 8 314 J mol K gas constant T temperature in Kelvin lf the Baro Diver is placed at a different elevation in relation to the other Divers in a measurement network it is possible for a deviation to occur in the barometrically compensated data due to the relationships referred to above The graph below illustrates the deviation in the barometric data as a function of the variation in elevation at 5 C and 25 C 30 25 20 15 deviation 10 5 0 0 1000 2000 3000 altitude
15. duction 19 Installation in a Monitoring Well 19 Installation in surface waters 21 The use of Divers at Elevation 22 Baro Diver 22 Use in Seawater 22 Diver Maintenance 22 CTD Diver 23 Measuring Conductivity 23 Factory Calibration 24 Field calibration 24 Specific Conductivity 25 November 2014 www swstechnology com copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services FAQ 26 Appendix Use of Divers at elevations 29 November 2014 www swstechnology com copyright of SLB Page 0 Schlumberger Water Services Introduction About this Manual This manual contains information about Schlumberger Water Services SWS s Divers It contains a description of the Mini Diver DI5xx Micro Diver DI6xx Cera Diver DI7xx Baro Diver DI500 and the CTD Diver DI27x The number in brackets designates the Diver model This section contains a brief introduction to the Diver s measurement principles an instrument designed to measure groundwater levels and temperatures Furthermore a brief description of the software that can be used in combination with the Divers is provided The next section contains the technical specifications for each type of Diver The following section covers the installation of Divers in monitoring wells and in surface waters This is followed by a description of how to maintain a Diver The next section discusses conductivity measurements using the CTD Diver and conductivity calibration The last sectio
16. e Diver at the top of the monitoring well by using a USB interface cable Effective cable operating length oll DIVER awa raris traig om 77 Diver suspended by steel wire Diver suspended by DDC Note When the Diver is installed it is possible for the groundwater level to be temporarily elevated The reverse is true when the Diver is removed The groundwater level may then be temporarily lowered If the cable length is not exactly known it can for example be calculated using the Diver Office and a manual measurement measuring tape measurement from the top of casing manual measurement Diver measurement Baro Diver reading cable length The following must be taken into consideration in installing a CTD Diver e Preferably do not install in very tight fitting piping November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 20 copyright of SLB Schlumberger A Water Services e The conductivity readings are most accurate most reliable when the through flow of the water to be measured is unimpeded e The preference is for CTD Divers to be suspended at screen height e n contrast to regular Divers the position within the monitoring well in relation to the screen affects the measurements Here too the following dictum applies the greater the through flow the more reliable the measurement e The monitoring well is made of non metal containing material e _lons released from the walls of the monitoring well can wil
17. e measurements and 3 CTD Diver versions for pressure temperature and conductivity measurements The summary below summarises the measurement ranges of the water columns that the Divers are capable of measuring November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 8 copyright of SLB Mini Diver Up to 10 metres DI501 Up to 20 metres DI502 Up to 50 metres DI505 Up to 100 metres DI510 Micro Diver Up to 10 metres DI601 Up to 20 metres DI602 Up to 50 metres DI605 Up to 100 metres DI610 Cera Diver Up to 10 metres DI701 Up to 20 metres DI702 Up to 50 metres DI705 Up to 100 metres DI710 CTD Diver Up to 10 metres DI271 Up to 50 metres DI272 Up to 100 metres DI273 Baro Diver November 2014 Barometric variations DI500 www swstechnology com copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Page 9 Schlumberger Water Services Baro Diver Mini Diver Micro Diver and Cera Diver The Diver types meet the following general specifications Qb P Gam Diameter 22 mm 18 mm 22 mm Length incl suspension 90 mm 88 mm 90 mm eye Weight 55 gram 45 gram 50 gram Protection class IP68 10 years continuously submerged in water at 100 m Storage Transport 20 C to 80 C affects battery life temperature Operating temperature 0 C to 50 C Material Casing 316L stainless steel 316L stainless steel Zirconia ZrOz active substance no active substance no 1
18. ed to be 150 cm above the Ordnance Datum Newlyn ODN TOC 150 cm The cable length is not exactly known and is therefore measured manually It turns out to be 120 cm MM 120 cm November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 3 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services The Diver measures a pressure of 1 170 cmH20 and the Baro Diver measures a pressure of 1 030 cmH20 Substituting these values into equation 1 results in a water column of 140 cm above the Diver WC 140 cm Substituting the values of the manual measurement and the water column in equation 4 results in the following cable length CL 120 140 260 cm The water level in relation to the ODN can now be easily calculated using equation 2 WL 150 260 140 30 cm above ODN Measuring Temperature All Divers measure the groundwater temperature This can for example provide information about groundwater flows This also makes it possible to determine the diffusion of polluted water The temperature is measured using a semiconductor sensor This sensor not only measures the temperature but also uses the value of the temperature to at the same time compensate the pressure sensor and electronics incl the crystal clock for the effects of temperature Diver models Various types of Divers are available All Divers measure the absolute pressure and temperature The summary below explains the differences between the various Diver types e Mini Diver
19. ending on terrain conditions Also see Appendix Use of Divers at elevations The following describes how to install the Divers and Baro Diver Installation in a Monitoring Well Divers are normally installed below water level in a monitoring well The depth at which a Diver can be suspended is dependent on the instrument s measurement range Further information about the Diver s range is contained in the section Technical Information First determine the length of the non stretch suspension cable on the basis of the lowest groundwater level Provide for the required additional length for attaching the cable to the Diver and the length of the suspension eye at the upper end when you cut the wire to size Next use wire clips to attach the ends of the cable to the monitoring well s end cover and the Diver s suspension eye respectively To determine the distance of the pressure sensor in the monitoring well requires the precise length of the cable to be known to which the distance to the location of the pressure sensor in the Diver must be added to obtain the overall operating length This is depicted in the diagram below November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 19 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services ia any T Divers measure from this point on DIVER ELE vou i It is also possible to install the Diver with a Diver Data Cable DDC This cable allows you to read out th
20. gressive environments such as seawater Any metal will eventually corrode in an environment that is too aggressive or due to the lack of oxygen The zirconia used in the Cera Diver and CTD Diver is extremely resistant to corrosion The ceramic Alumina pressure sensors exhibit the same properties The Viton o rings have been selected for their favourable properties in this environment Q How do I clean the Diver when it is very dirty A If your Diver is very dirty it can easily be cleaned with white distilled vinegar A diluted phosphoric acid solution may also be used for ceramic Diver types Place the Diver in the solution for some time Always thoroughly rinse the Diver with clean water after cleaning especially near the flow through openings If necessary use a soft cloth to remove any deposits Never use any hard brushes abrasives or sharp objects to clean your Diver Q Must the Diver be calibrated A No this is not necessary Schlumberger Water Services calibrates the Divers before they are delivered A factory calibration certificate can be supplied as part of the production process The Divers can only be calibrated by Schlumberger Water Services In case of doubt the user can perform a control measurement locally B For the CTD Diver a user calibration can be carried out for the C channel See the user manual for the software used e g Diver Office for more information Warning A conductivity calibration is a delic
21. ices The Micro Diver Cera Diver and CTD Diver incorporate a greater range of functionality than the Mini Diver and Baro Diver These last two Divers only offer a fixed measurement option This means that the Diver takes measurements on the basis of user defined intervals The other Divers offer the following measurement options Pre programmed pump tests or user defined pump tests Average values over a specified time period An event based option In this case the Diver only stores measurements once the percentage variation limit set for the pressure or conductivity CTD Diver measurement is exceeded This percentage variation can be specified by the user For applications in surface waters it is possible to average the values over a specified period The average values are then stored The effects of waves are averaged out this way If the memory of the Diver is full the Diver will stop measuring The Diver has a non volatile memory which means that the data is preserved if for whatever reason the battery is empty Software Diver Office Diver Office and or Diver Office Premium is a software package used in conjunction with every type of Diver described in this manual The latest version of Diver Office can be downloaded at any time from the website www swstechnology com Diver Office operates under all current versions of Microsoft Windows and is easy to install on a laptop or PC November 2014 www swstechnology c
22. in which a Diver is connected to a computer depends on the way in which the Diver is installed in the monitoring well e A Diver hanging in the monitoring well suspended from a cable must first be removed from the monitoring well before it can be read out The Diver is read out with the help of a PC Pocket PC or a readout unit 1 Connect the readout unit to your Pocket PC or computer PC via the USB port The required drivers are supplied These are automatically installed using our software Diver Office or Diver Pocket The software supplied on a CD ROM or can be downloaded from the website www swstechnology com 2 Unscrew the Diver s suspension eye 3 Insert the Diver upside down into the readout unit see above e A Diver suspended from a Diver Data Cable DDC can be left hanging the well This Diver can be read out with a PC or Pocket PC via a DDC interface cable 1 Connect the DDC interface cable to a PC or Pocket PC Unscrew the protective cap from the end of the DDC Connect the connector on the interface cable to the end of the DDC Read out the Diver measurements using one of our programs oo ge o N Unscrew the DDC s interface cable November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 26 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services 6 Replace the protective cap on the DDC Q What is a Pocket PC and what is Diver Pocket A A Pocket PC also known as a PDA or Handheld PC is a handheld computer th
23. l affect the measurements e Glued monitoring wells it is known that certain glue types affect measurements e Since CTD Divers and Cera Divers are used in brackish and salt water it is not recommended to use Stainless steel wiring Stainless steel wire and mounting clamps can rust which may cause the Diver to fall into the well Installation in surface water lf a Diver is to be used in surface waters it is important that there is sufficient circulation around the Diver s sensors Water flows prevent the pipe from silting up and ensures that the Diver in fact measures the surrounding water rather than the stagnating water in the monitoring well itself We recommend that a monitoring well of paua at least 2 is used of which the openings must be kept clear of for example algae and plant growth as much as possible If a steel pipe is used see pictures with a 1 monitoring well installed inside the pipe allow the Diver s extremity to protrude somewhat beyond the end of the pipe so that the Diver s sensors also come into contact with the water at this point Install the fixing post to which the monitoring well is attached so that the Diver benefits from the maximum water depth and flow for example in the middle of the ditch To prevent vandalism a steel pipe with a steel cap that can be locked can be used Position the Divers deep enough so that they remain below a possible ice layer This picture shows a Diver whose sensor
24. le The conductivity of a liquid depends on the type of ions in the liquid and to a significant degree on the liquid s temperature This dependency is indicated on the packaging of the calibration liquids for example The diagram below displays the conductivity as a function of temperature for three different calibration liquids The specified value of the calibration liquid is the conductivity of the liquid at 25 C 1 413 mS cm 5 000 mS cm 12 88 mS cm conductivity mS cm 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 temperature C As a rule of thumb it can be assumed that conductivity varies by 2 for each 1 C change in temperature This means that a calibration liquid rated at 5 mS cm at 25 C still only has a conductivity of approximately 4 mS cm at DG November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 23 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services The table below lists a number of typical conductivity values for various types of water Type Conductivity mS cm T ap water 0 2 0 7 G roundwater 2 20 Seawater 50 80 Factory Calibration Each CTD Diver is calibrated for pressure temperature and conductivity 1 First the CTD Diver is calibrated for pressure and temperature This process is identical for each Diver and is described in the chapter calibration procedure 2 Then the factory calibration of the conductivity sensor is performed The CTD Diver immersed in a 6 ascending conductivity values The ex
25. n In accordance with MIL STD 810 Mechanical shock test In accordance with MIL STD 810 for light weight equipment Temperature The following specifications apply to the Mini Micro Cera CTD Diver and Baro Diver for temperature measurements Measurement range 20 C to 80 C Operating Temperature OT 0 C to 50 C for Baro Diver 10 C tot 50 C Accuracy max 02 C Accuracy typical 0 1 C Resolution 0 01 C Response time 90 of final value 3 minutes in water November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 12 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 13 copyright of SLB Pressure Schlumberger Water Services The specifications for atmospheric and water pressure measurements vary by type of Diver The specifications below apply at operating temperature Mini Diver owe Water column measurement range Accuracy max Accuracy typical Long term stability Resolution Display resolution Burst pressure EOT e Water column measurement range Accuracy max Accuracy typical Long term stability Resolution Display resolution Burst pressure November 2014 DI501 10 mH20 2 5 cmH20 0 5 cmH20 2 cmH20 0 2 cmH20 0 058 cmH20 15 mH20 DI505 50 mH20 12 5 cmH20 2 5 cmH20 10 cmH20 1 cmH20 0 192 cmH20 75 mH20 D1502 20 mH20 5 cmH20 1 cmH20 4 cmH20 0 4 cmH20 0 092 cmH20 30 mH20 DI510 10
26. n includes the answers to frequently asked questions Operating Principle The Diver is a datalogger designed to measure water pressure and temperature Measurements are subsequently stored in the Diver s internal memory The Diver consists of a pressure sensor designed to measure water pressure a temperature sensor memory for storing measurements and a battery The Diver is an autonomous datalogger that can be programmed by the user The Diver has a completely sealed enclosure The communication between Divers and Laptops field devices is based on optical communication The Divers measures the absolute pressure This means that the pressure sensor not only measures the water pressure but also the air pressure pushing on the water surface If the air pressure varies the measured water pressure will thus also vary without having to vary the water level November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 1 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Measuring Water Levels All Divers establish the height of a water column by measuring the water pressure using the built in pressure sensor As long as the Diver is not submerged in water it measures atmospheric pressure just like a barometer Once the Diver is submerged this is supplemented by the water s pressure the higher the water column the higher the measured pressure The height of the water column above the Diver s pressure sensor is determined on the basis of the measured pressu
27. ning can also be rinsed with water and or white vinegar Note only use diluted acid solutions if the Diver is seriously dirtied and other cleansers are not effective Never use any hard brushes abrasives or sharp objects for cleaning the Diver and always rinse it properly with clean water after cleaning particularly near the flow through openings Do not use any powerful jets This could damage the pressure sensor November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 22 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services CTD Diver Measuring Conductivity In addition to water levels and temperature the CTD Diver also measures the water s electrical conductivity in millisiemens per centimetre mS cm A change in conductivity may be caused by for example changes in water flow or increasing decreasing pollution or salinization The CTD Diver measures the conductivity of a solution The CTD Diver can be programmed by the user to measure either the true conductivity or the specific conductivity The specific conductivity is defined as the conductivity as if the temperature is 25 C This setting must be programmed prior to starting the CTD Diver The conductivity is measured using a 4 electrode measuring cell This type of measuring cell is relatively insensitive to sensor fouling thus keeping maintenance to a minimum The measuring cell combined with the selected measurement method results in an electrolysis free measurement system Examp
28. om Page 5 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services When new versions of Microsoft Windows are released the website www swstechnology com contains further information concerning the supported Windows versions etc The site will always provide the latest Diver Office version as a free download upgrade The Diver Office makes it possible to communicate with the Divers and or to start stop them The measurement data recorded by the Divers can be read out at any time You have the option of reviewing compensating for variations in atmospheric pressures printing or exporting the measurement data to various file formats for processing by other software All values and settings are stored in a database Furthermore the raw Diver data is also stored as a file The software program s manual contains additional information about the operation of Diver Office Diver Pocket Diver Pocket was specifically designed for field use Diver Pocket is a software application that runs on a Pocket PC The Diver Pocket is available in two versions e Diver Pocket is a version designed exclusively for reading out Divers With this version it is not possible to change settings inadvertently or otherwise Stopping starting a Diver also is not possible with this version With Diver Pocket it is only possible to reading out the Diver s data e Diver Pocket Premium is a version that in addition to reading out the Diver s data can also be used to start
29. racy typical At least 67 of the measurements during the calibration check are within 0 05 FS of the measurement range November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 17 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Long term stability The stability of the measurement over a period of time when a constant pressure is applied at a constant temperature Resolution The smallest change in pressure that produces a response in the Diver measurement Display resolution The smallest increment in pressure that the Diver can measure Burst pressure The pressure at which the Diver pressure sensor will fail November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 18 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Diver Installation and Maintenance Introduction In actual practice the Diver is usually suspended in a monitoring well The illustration to the right depicts a set of Divers and a Baro Diver for compensating for barometric pressure In addition to the regular Divers a Baro Diver that acts as a barometer and records atmospheric pressure Is installed at each measurement site Atmospheric pressure data must be used to compensate the pressure measurements recorded by the Divers for variations in atmospheric pressure A Baro Diver designed for taking atmospheric pressure measurements is recommended for this purpose In principle a single Baro Diver is sufficient for an area with a radius of 15 kilometres dep
30. re To measure these variations in atmospheric pressure a Baro Diver is installed for each site being measured The barometric compensation for these variations in atmospheric pressure can be done using SWS software like Diver Office It is also possible to use alternative barometric data such as data made available online The compensated values can be related to a reference point such as the top of the monitoring well or a vertical reference datum for example the Ordnance Datum Newlyn ODN Theory This section explains how to calculate the water level in relation to a vertical reference datum using the Diver and Baro Diver s measurements The figure below represents an example of a monitoring well in which a Diver has been installed In this case we are therefore interested in the height of the water level WL in relation to the vertical reference datum If the water level is situated above the reference datum it has a positive value and a negative value if it is situated below the reference datum The top of casing TOC is measured in relation to the vertical reference datum and is denoted in the diagram below as TOC cm The Diver is suspended with a cable with a length equal to CL cm The Baro Diver measures the atmospheric pressure Dparo and the Diver measures the pressure exerted by the water column WC and the atmospheric pressure Dpiver TOC CL wife vertical t_J reference WC amp datum pP bo i i Z i Diver I I
31. rs Baro Diver measure in cm water column cmH20 To convert the measured cm water column to atmospheric pressure it must be multiplied by 0 980665 In this example 1 020 74 x 0 980665 1 001 mbar Q What is the Diver s battery s lifespan A The battery s lifespan is dependent on many factors for example its temperature exposure measurement interval data reading and programming cycles and the type of Diver Given past experience a maximum lifespan of 10 years is considered standard under typical use Typical use means that among other things Divers are not exposed to extreme temperatures over extended periods of time the measurement sampling rate is not set at 1 second a download is not requested by modem every hour etc Example e 1 measurement per hour over a period of 10 years produces 87 600 measurements e 1measurement every 15 minutes over a period of 10 years produces 350 400 measurements Q s it possible to use the Divers in seawater A The Mini and Micro Divers are made of 316L stainless steel This material is not suitable for use in seawater The Cera Diver and CTD Diver are made of zirconia a ceramic material This material does not corrode in seawater and November 2014 www swstechnology com Page 27 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services these Divers can therefore be used in seawater Sclumberger Water Services explicitly selected a non metal for the Diver types required for use in ag
32. stechnology com A Schlumberger product D1540 100m snAt234 HA iM Calibration Procedure The Diver uses a pressure sensor and is calibrated in centimetres water column cmH20 The conversion factor from mbar to cmH20 is 1 mbar 1 01972 cmH20 or 1 cmH20 0 980665 mbar The calibration procedure involves calibrating and verifying the calibration of each individual diver Firstly the calibration is done Each Diver is immersed in a water bath Subsequently this bath is adjusted to 5 different temperatures 10 20 30 40 and 50 C At each temperature 6 rising and 6 falling pressures are created at 0 20 40 60 80 100 of the measuring range These pressures are created by a calibrated pressure calibrator The pressures measured by the Diver are then analysed and processed and then stored in a look up table within the Diver Each diver has his own unique table To verify the calibration a calibration check is performed During this check five rising and falling pressures are created namely 10 30 50 70 90 of the measuring range at 15 and 35 C Finally the Diver is checked against the given specifications Manufacturer s Certificate The Diver passes calibration if it meets all specifications A manufacturer s or calibration certificate is available upon request Specifications Aside from the Baro Diver DI500 for atmospheric pressure and temperature measurements there are 12 Diver versions for pressure and temperatur
33. umn measurement 10 mH2O range Accuracy max 2 cmH20 Accuracy typical 0 5 cmH20 Long term stability 2 cmH20 Resolution 0 2 cmH20 Display resolution 0 058 cmH20 Burst pressure 15 mH20 November 2014 Schlumberger Water Services 30 mH20 DI710 100 mH20 20 cmH20 5 cmH20 20 cmH20 2 cmH20 0 358 cmH20 150 mH20 DI272 50 mH20 10 cmH20 2 5 cmH20 10 cmH20 1 cmH20 0 092 cmH20 75 MH20 www swstechnology com Page 16 copyright of SLB Schlumberger Water Services Water column measurement 100 mH2O range Accuracy max 20 cmH20 Accuracy typical 5 cmH20 Long term stability 20 cmH20 Resolution 2 cmH20 Display resolution 0 358 cmH20 Burst pressure 150 mH20 Baro Diver saro BD DI500 Water column measurement 150 cmH20 range Accuracy max 2 cmH20 Accuracy typical 0 5 cmH20 Long term stability 2 cmH20 Resolution 0 1 cmH20 Display resolution 0 058 cmH20 Burst pressure 15 mH20 Water column measurement range The height of water above the Diver that can be measured Accuracy max Accuracy is the proximity of measurement results to the true value Algebraic sum of all the errors that influence the pressure measurement These errors are due to linearity hysteresis and repeatability During the Diver calibration process a Diver is rejected if the difference between the measured pressure and the applied pressure is larger than the stated accuracy Accu
34. ver Immerse the CTD Diver in tap water for a period of at least 24 hours Important Prior to each reference measurement and or calibration the CTD Diver must be thoroughly rinsed in demineralised water After it has been rinsed it may not be touched by bare hands since the reference liquid can easily become contaminated by residual contaminants and or residual salts left on hands This invalidates a reference measurement calibration since the reference has become distorted This effect is highest at the lowest values Erroneous or improper calibration can also negatively affect the accuracy of the CTD Diver Cleanliness during calibration is very important All salt residues adhering to the CTD Diver will negatively affect the accuracy of the calibration liquid This is why this calibration solution may never be used twice Temperature differences can also cause errors extended acclimatisation is a must In such cases it is recommended that the factory calibration be restored Specific Conductivity The specific conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as the conductivity if the solution is at a certain reference temperature The specific conductivity is an indirect measure of the presence of dissolved solids such as chloride nitrate phosphate and iron and can be used as an indicator of water pollution The following equation is used for calculating the specific conductivity Ktrer from the measured conductivity K K
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