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Qual2E interface manual

1. 24 6 3 Entering Data in QUAL2E Windows Interface Screens 25 6 4 QUAL2E Graph from Example 1 33 6 5 Phosphorus Concentration vs Distance 33 1 INTRODUCTION The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model QUAL2E is a comprehensive and versatile stream water quality model It can simulate up to 15 water quality constituents in any combination desired by the user Brown and Barnwell 1987 The model is applicable to dendritic streams that are well mixed It uses a finite difference solution of the advective dispersive mass transport and reaction equations The model is intended for use as a water quality planning tool QUAL2E UNCAS is an enhancementto QUAL2E that allows the user to perform uncertainty analysis Three uncertainty options are employed in QUAL2E UNCAS sensitivity analysis first order error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation The QUAL2E Windows interface was developed to assist the user in data input and model execution and to make a complex model user friendly The Windows interface was developed for the U S Environmental Protection Agency s Office of Science and Technology Standards and Applied Science Division to help the Division implement the Total Maximum Daily Load TMDL program This user s guide provides instructions on the use of the QUAL2E interface a
2. 19 t 1 lo jmgh 13A nitrteasN mg 1o 12 al F lna 13A NirateasN mg tel 19 1 F lna Organic Phosphorus as P mg o 19 14 k o lna Dissolved Phosphorus mg o tel 15 1 IF o lmgh prodr s Ns EAS 13A E ASA Array screen load values from 7 14 if Climatological input file is a orcreate Climatology input file Global Values of Climatology Da a voNnmm 20 il pam 20 el 1 Il a 1 1 HOUR hy J 20 4 i e IA TN EEE Jaou J 20 e i jpvrwe 0 20 7 1 L LL hod 15 fwerreme S zo es 1 le hof cole L 1 1 1 1 hoso BAROMETRIC n pressure ol of J2753 solinkg 900 1017 0 mbar 1100 wwowsreeD 20 to af k lo too o ofrs L pop oil O loss oos 23M A e IST DE e AA A ZE EE I H EZ HE 1 Uncertainty Analysis Description of uncertainty analyds 21 1 Uncertainty Sensitivity analysis af al First order error analysis 21 4 Monte carlo simulation 21 5 Magnitude of input perturbation 21 6l imulati iti o DE ES jal desi 21 10 REN IE EEE Be x21 13 E ET ES ES C E ES Number of simulations Singie Multiple perturbation At inputs j geneicipus ofinputvariables ai S e PA Jeo L e sila y Reh us en co Exo a J tl ANA Lp up he EE io
3. INCRN 8AINHS N 15 13 1 F mg l H3N INCRN 8AINO2 N 15 14 1 F mg l O2N INCRN 8AINOS N 15 15 1 F mg l O3N Sr S R M A AE ORG Ee p Miri ea was ISP Array screen m EEE name is obtained from Screen No 6 if a U Headwater Source Data HN WE s al E E Z 2 55 0 210 HE ES EE EE 4 E d ie EEE A from 6 11 CL 6 13 HWTR FLOW HWTR EMP HWTR DO HWTR BOD n mg l BOD HWTR CM1 HWTR CM2 CONS 11nname CONS 2 nname EE pes y GNU UNI Ln NN ie SIE a a a E ES E ER DO mg l 53 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range HWTR 10 CONS 3 nname 16 2 1 LE cape deem CM3 6 15 HWTR 10A NON CONS nname 16 2 1 F from ANC 6 18 HWTR 10A COLIFORM W No 100ml 16 10 1 F E No 100 COLI ml HWTR 10A CHAL A 16 11 1 F ug l CHLA HWTR 10AJORG N 16 12 1 F mg l NH2N HWTR 10A NH3 N 16 13 1 F mg l NH3N HWTR 10A NO2 N 16 14 1 F NO2N HWTR 10A NO3 N 16 15 1 F mg l NO3N HWTR 10AJORG P 16 16 1 F mg l PORG HWTR 10A DIS P 16 17 1 F mg l DISP Haraysoreen total of point loads amp withdrawals determines of rows AE ee ye e A name is obtained from Screen No 6 if a Point Loads and Withdrawals A REACH NO HE EE E l ELENO BER TREAT n OD kiki ee E L FCT NAME PTLDF 1 FLOW ri o 999 2
4. USGS Gage Figure 6 1 Sketched Stream System for a Study Area 30 QUAL2E QAL2E001 INP Incremental Inflow 31 QUAL2E QAL2E001 INP Point Loads and Withdrawals c QUAL2E QAL2E001 INP Headwater Source Data b Figure 6 3 Entering Data in QUAL2E Windows Interface Screens 32 QUAL2E 0AL2E001 INP Dam Reaeration e QUAL2E 0AL2E001 INP BOD and DO Reaction Rate Constants Figure 6 3 continued 33 QUAL2E 0AL2E001 INP BOD and DO Reaction Rate Constants 9 QUAL2E 0AL2E001 INP Temperature Correction Factors h Figure 6 3 continued 34 QUAL2E 0AL2E001 INP Geographical and Climatological Data Figure 6 3 continued 5 Dirty River below Clear Creek Vel 0 22 Q Depth 0 43 Q 5 0 mg l for Clear Creek and Bull Run 20 mgl for Dirty River above Clear Creek 50 mg l for Dirty River below Clear Creek 6 Dam information for reaeration 4 Headwater quality Allofthe flow passes over the crest of the dam Dirty river DO 8 3 mg l CBODU 20 0 mg l Thedamhasaheight of 3 meters and acts as a T 22 0 C weir with free falling flow From reservoir DO 0 0 mg l CBODU 10 0 Assume a 1 25 and b 1 1 Manning s n is assumed constant for all reaches with a value of 0 04 mg l T 15 0 C Bull Run DO 2 5 0 mg l CBODU 5 0 mg l T 21 0 C These water quality data are entered on the same Hydraulic data are
5. WIND 5A WIND SPEED 0 100 al Jose ooms Se i EE Array screen 1 16 determines of rows EN LLLI a Constants REACHNO BOD BOD DECAY n 1 day SL Tae 1 day DECA BOD BOD SETTLING n 1 day 0 10 1 day SETT E gem A e YA 50 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range E ELAN T e TYPEW REAERATION all hs 3 aaa e efchuren foa a2 6lo ConnorandDobbin 12 s 6lowens Edwards and Gibbs tel 4 GfrhackstonandKrenker 2 5 6ltangbien and Duum el ej J jPowerfucio 12 17 f elrsivogowWallace ie a ejREAERATONwCOEFF vel e 1 F oo oof eker CT se v 1 Jr b ooluum 6e exeonenr CT vel el s F jo oof Ea ere gr ue ST TI Array screen 1 16 determines of rows E e Ee gt MP ani Ageo a O a GA REACHNO 4 KN H 2 GAlo Nin HYDROLYSIS ng 40 sa DECA N H 2 ealo n n SETTLING 0 10 1 day SETT N H 3 6A NH3 n OXIDATION 13 al 1 F Joo 1 day DECA NH3 6A NH3 n BENTHOS 13 5 1 F mg ft2 SRCE da day N O 2 6A NO2 n OXIDATION 13 1 F DEE DECA PORG eA O P n DECAY 13 7 1 F Joo 1 day DEC onG 6A O P in SETTLING 13 1 F ee SET DISP 6A DIS Pin BENTHOS 13 1 F mg ft2 SRC day EXE E 255 da CHLA CHL A n ALGA
6. a 00 HN KR Gas 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 BER al 22 EE Dr an Temperature mmeo al op mmeo 4 2 Age meos af al Phosphorus cycle TITLEOS 10 4 4 Nitrogen cyce Immer 4 5 Dissolved Oxygen Irmeis 4 6 eca sitem mes al Conservative constituent 4 8 Number of constituents 4 9 eksi mum lt Il lomi CT eneimem az mew sp 3 Ep Na A constituents rmEos al tal 1 foa Bl a e ES Non lt conservative_______ rimeoss al tel 4 en WAA WAWA AJA AAA mm T Specified d s boundary constituent FIXE RH concentrations pos BOD5 Leg Lem TTT T Data iliatitude de far sf al al rroojoso sales tfLongitude ge sl 2 1 rioofo so es be lstandardmeridian deg IstaN_ sl al 100 0180 75 DEG BE Aa RSEN 4 4 ld 4 Water Quality Simulation fh Te Bo Ja pol Ni EN c an 45 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Deserlpilon VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range 12000 1 Dust attenuation coeff 0 05 iR Evaporation coeff es 0006 L F AE 0 0068 n 7 n a TH Pr Er ES TA 0 00016 0 00016 Na F BE 0 00000 0 00000 d 32 32 ua m s lo SL irum zu 55 Temp correction factors SS RE CS LLL O Global values climatological inputtile f So ospa sl 1 o foutputprint s sip L alsummay wrr sl
7. lagas Dila Por Bruda CALA YE 21 Paas ialr var awan ima Clramalayical dama QA LzExkxx OL Va nac iagu hle tO LZ Ekk Mn ES drar aor ll LEE iagus hle LOS LzExXxx ELITA Tof iur Esc ia Ye augu Diler Ge LZ Erdek GUT Figure 5 1 Different Files and Their Usage in aQUAL2E Model Run Output Files These files are generated by the GUAL2E model OAL2E OUT QUAL2E model tabulated output file QAL2E DOU Simulation results in data blocks 5 3 Saving Input Files Ifyou opened an existing file to edit when you choose to save the file the existing interface input file will be overwritten with the new values unless you choose the SAVE AS option under FILE menu and assign a new file name If you are assigning a new name to a file remember to follow the naming conventions described in section 5 2 QUAL2E will ask you whether you wish to save the interface input file when you exit the interface functions or when you reach the last screen of an interface function However if you have accessed an existing file and made all the changes before reaching the last screen you may save the input file by proceeding to the FILE option and selecting the SAVE option Once you have completed an interface input file you may submit itto the QUAL2E model for execution When you submit the interface input file to the model the input file will be validated by the Windows interface If any error is detected e g
8. ESPR NHALF 1A Nitrogen half saturation coeff N HA 1 F 0 02 0 4 0 2 SAT PHALF 1A Phosphorus half saturation coeff 10 1 F 0 02 0 1 EGNE SAT AGYE tA Linear coeff LIN 11 1 F 0 0 003 0 00075 S X TLN g chal l AGYE 1A Nonlinear coeff 0 0 003 1 m XTNL EIE ET tight S a a Se talHattsaturation S el y i talsteeles function ay E HIR eye min 47 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range 0 0 04 0 03 Langley s min 1Alintensity 0 1500 1300 BTU f2 min 0 400 0 350 0 Langley s min 1AlLightave from sloar radiation el tel sal fra 2 tafbaiytemo foa el 5 ESA Dayama c AE RAE AENA 4 h sal houiydata gt gt LAVGF 1A TT averaging factor 85 1 0 ACT NUMB 1A Number of daylight hours NUMB 4 18 0 14 0 DLH TDYS 1AlDaily radiation BTU ft2 0 1500 1300 0 BTU ft2 OLAR Langleys rab ME KE EE ME TA pupa HA LA AH 1AlLimiting nutrient S m Le d mean 3 APREF A Algal preference factor for NH3 1 0 9 NH3 mae Cl era NHIB AlNitrification inhibition coeff 0 10 0 10 0 por Te BIB a Ch RES e ud EN OD decay TC BO CE BO T a Ez DS TC BE B Reaeration 3 1 F 1 1 1 1 024 AER ee EEE DEE U iz Nitrogen TC NH 1B Organic N decay S 1 1 L maa 2DC TC NH 1B Organic N settling 1 1 1 1 024 2ST TC NH 1
9. O Barnwell Jr 1987 The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS Documentation and User Manual EPA 600 3 87 007 U S Environmental Protection Agency Athens GA May 59 Table A 1 continued 60
10. See Section 5 2 File Naming Conventions The IMPORT option can be used to access any one of these five types of files The filename indicates the type of data that the file contains For example if you importa file with a DO extension it will replace all data on the Observed Dissolved Oxygen Screen This option allows you to mix and match different types of data The IMPORT option can be selected from the menu bar at the top of QUAL2E interface window Click on IMPORT to see alist of the five types of import files Once you select the file type you want you will see a window similar to the Windows Open File option except that only one type of file will be listed Move your cursor over the file that you would like to import and click twice in quick succession to bring the data into the QUAL2E interface If you click only once on a filename a short description of the file will be shown in a box at the top of the window 5 8 How to Use the Graphics Routine The Graphics Program can be accessed by clicking on the Graphics button with the mouse A window similar to the QUAL2E Windows interface will appear You can select two types of graphics display of reaches and graphs When a QUAL2E output file is selected you can click on the REACHES button to view the entire stream network There two options for plotting graphs flow vs distance and concentration of a water quality constituent vs distance The graph plotting option is provided to
11. allow you to represent the results in easy to understand formats The steps that you should follow are explained below STEP 1 The graphics option is accessible through a GRAPHICS button on the third line from thetop ofthe QUAL2E Windows interface screen It is also accessible using the Graphics option under the Utilities menu ALT U G STEP2 The Graph Selection screen will appear You mustfirst select a QUAL2E output file To see a list of the files that exist in your default directory click on the arrow to the right of the filename box From the pull down menu select the file that you would like to use as input for graphics STEP3 Select ihe type of graph from the list pro vided Then specify a starting reach andan ending reach If the starting reach and the ending reach are not in the same branch or the ending reach is not located downstream from the starting reach you will see a message informing you that you need to make another selection STEP4 Clickthe RUN button when you have made all the selections on the first screen You will see a box informing you that the selections you made will be saved under the filename shown at the top of the screen e g QALGROO 1 INP STEP 5 Next you will see a list of files in a box with thetitle GRAPHIC SELECTION The file that was just generated will be selected You may selectupto four graphs from the list presented Choose OK to draw the graphs STEP6 Thegraphs th
12. along with model predicted values 5 9 Array Screen Capabilities in QUAL2E There are many array screens in QUAL2E such as hy draulic data initial conditions and others At these Screens you have two additional capabilities that are not available on regular screens in QUAL2E 1 EDIT Copy and Paste This option is available from the menu bar atthe top of the Window ALT E You can use this capability to copy cut a selected block of data either rows or columns or both and paste it to another area if the same data are to be duplicated or you can use itto copy data from a spreadsheet program where you might have data e g climatological data and paste it for use by QUAL2E To select a block click the left mouse button on the top left cell of the desired block and drag the mouse to the bottom right cell keeping the left mouse button pressed The first cell selected will be highlighted rather than in reverse video as are the remaining cells in the area that you have selected Choose Copy or Cut from the Edit menu depending on what you would like to do To paste the block that you just copied move to the area to which you want to copy the block and select the Paste option from EDIT You will see a message warning you that any data existing in the selected area will be overwritten To select a block that is larger or wider than a screen proceed to the cell that will begin your block and click with the left mouse button Then
13. interface Move through the screens and familiarize yourself with this option Use the help information available to you through the HELP button to answer any questions you might have about any prompts Go to Screen 3 for the computational element set up The entire system con sists of a total of five reaches three headwaters two junctions and one downstream element There are no point source loads or withdrawals in the system so the fields on Screen 3 that are not grayed represent the standard elements STEP 3 STEP 4 42 You may use the IMPORT function on the main menu bar at the top of the QUAL2E window When you select the IMPORT op tion you will see a list of five types of input files Choose the CLI file type and select the DIURNL CLI file from the list presented The climatological data with 3 hour intervals will be entered on Screen 20 Click INDEX to move to Screen 20 and check the climatic data Next click on the RUN button The output file will be displayed when itis ready If you want to plot the model results click on the Graphics button APPENDIX A QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE DESIGN This appendix contains the structures and variables for the OUAL2E Windows interface Table A 1 provides input variables and the screen sequence in QUAL2E There are a total of 24 screens in the QUAL2E interface The input screen sequence see Table 3 1 reflects the overall structure of the QUAL2E model Screen numbers are
14. 5 5 Submitting an Input File to the Model 16 5 6 QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys 16 5 7 Import File OptioninGUAL2E 17 5 8 How to Use the Graphics Routine 17 5 9 Array Screen Capabilities in QUAL2E 18 5 10 Unit Conversion tee 19 6 EXAMPEERUNS 21030107 a ERE a a a AAA EE 21 6 1 Example 1 Dirty River Reaches DO BOD TEMP Simulation 21 6 2 Example 2 Withlacoochee River QUAL2E and Uncertainty Analysis 32 6 3 Example 3 Dynamic Diurnal Simulation 32 CONTENTS continued APPENDIX A QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE DESIGN REFERENCE FH nase TABLES Number Page 3 1 Input Screen Sequence in QUAL2E Windows Interface 8 3 2 Element IypesUsedinGUAL2E nen 9 6 1 Example Run Matrix for QUAL2E Windows Interface 2 22 6 2 Example Input files with QUAL2E Windows and QUAL2E 23 FIGURES 2 1 QUAL2E Constituent Interactions 5 5 1 Different Files and Their Usage in a QUAL2E Model Run 15 6 1 Sketched Stream SystemforaStudyArea 23 6 2 Computational Elements in Example 1
15. appears on the first screen The QUAL2E interface permits two sets of units metric and U S units Metric units for example are selected for Example 1 QAL2E001 INP If you wantto change to U S units you can simply click on U S units Then a windows message will ask you whether you would like to convert all the variables from metric to U S units or just change the unit titles for the variables without converting the variables values At this point you need to choose YES NO or Cancel Select YES to convert all the variables from one unitto another Select NO to change the unit titles for the variables required units Select Cancel to return to the original unit selection Certain important screens are detailed below Screens 1 The stream simulation is set to be steady state Metric units are chosen for the model input and output Since there is no un certainty analysis involved for this example Screens 21 24 are grayed Similarly Screen 10 is grayed because flow augmentation is not applied The number of reaches in the stream system is six Screen 4 This screen lists 15 water quality constituents that can be simulated Select the constituents that you want to simulate Three constituents are selected in Example 1 Screen 5 Screen 5 defines the basin geographic information temperature correction option 37 STEP 4 STEP 5 climatological data and DO BOD plot You can define the temperature coeffi
16. entered on the screens shown in screens as those for flow data Figures 6 3 a and b Figure 6 3 d and e D Sediment oxygen demand C Water quality data Samples showed the following 1 Incremental inflow water temperature 18 0 C 2 Incremental DO 1 0 mg l for all reaches 1 3 Incremental CBODU 0 5 gm m3 day for Dirty River above Clear Creek 35 2 1 0 gm m2 day for Pond 3 0 5 gm m2 day for Dirty River below Clear Creek Sediment oxygen demand data are entered on a screen titled as BOD and DO reaction rate constants shown in Figure 6 3 f E Point source or discharge and withdrawal data 1 Point source Q 0 48 m s DO 4 0 mg l CBODU 5 0 mg l T 25 0 C 2 Withdrawal Q 0 5 m s These data are entered on the screen shown in Figure 6 3 c F Reaction rates 1 Thebio oxidation rate for CBODU was deter mined from long term BOD tests Forallreaches of the Dirty River K 0 6 per day Forallreaches of Clear Creek and Bull Run K 0 6 per day 2 The BOD settling rate is zero except in the pond where it is 0 1 per day 3 Thereaeration coefficientis to be calculated by the O Connor and Dobbins method Option 3 for all reaches of the Clear River and Bull Run and it is to be computed by the Thackston and Krenkel method Option 5 in all reaches of the Dirty River 4 Temperature adjustments to the reaeration rate coefficient are to be made using the O Connor and Dobbins the
17. nitrogen Inthe uncertainty analysis the First Order Error analysis is used and a default input perturbation of 5 percent is used for computing sensitivity coefficients In addition the variance of each input variable is given on Screen 23 The steps that you must go through forthis example run are explained below STEP 1 Select the QUAL2E Windows Interface option from the main QUAL2E menu Choose FILE option followed by the Open option A list of QUAL2E input files will appear Select a QUAL2E interface file QAL2E002 INP Since an uncertainty analysis is involved you will see Uncertainty analysis is selected on Screen 1 STEP 2 Familiarize yourself with this input file and the screens in the QUAL2E option by moving through the screens using the NEXT BACK or INDEX option STEP 3 STEP 4 6 3 You can easily change a number of rows in acolumn using a feature available in array screens of the QUAL2E Windows interface screens where the same variable requires one or more rows of entries If you click on the variable in these screens you will be able to add subtract multiply or divide for any single value or range of values for this variable Youcan therefore change all zero values for a variable to a single default by adding the default value that you wantto all the zero values in the array Submit the QUAL2E input file to the QUAL2E model for execution by clicking on the RUN button An icon will appear at the bott
18. screens 5 6 QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys All the Windows interface screens have a series of buttons immediately below the menu bar to make frequently used commands easily accessible These buttons and the commands they represent are accessible in three ways 1 click on a button with the left mouse key to perform the function it names 2 press the ALT key along with the underlined letter in the button title e g ALT N for the next screen or 3 click the left mouse button on the Tool menu and select one of the options listed underneath However to activate the Graphics option click on the Utilities menu instead of the Tool menu and select Graphics The buttons and the commands they represent are ex plained below NEXT Button This option allows you to move to the next screen in the interface If there are incorrect values on the screenin which you are working and you attempt to move to another screen QUAL2E will inform you of the error and allow you the option of going back and correcting the error at a later time or correcting the error before moving on The cursor will blink at the prompt with the incorrect entry if you elect to correct the error before moving on 23 BACK button This button allows you to move back one screen Ifthere are incorrect values on the screen in which you are working and you attemptto move to another screen QUAL2E will inform you of the error and allow you the opti
19. which are optional 43 Table A 1 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in QUAL2E Input Data QUAL2E E EE rr e E E ES ES E Ara QUAL2E Simulation Simulation aaa o Br kazi lt 7 kaaa ma mai alsimiaienTyye sea 1 os Steady state N NE BE Dynamic ol tfumit NP d tls I ol Mei uncertainty analyss 1 Flowaugmentaion FIO alirapezoidalchannes TR Max tterations MA ime se ino IME mik stream Reach System eRAcHNO 2jRacHwwE S Al A a oa 2 BEGIN RIVER n mile or km Z eae ie 2JenD RIVER n mile or km awa el sl 4 AIDELTA X n mile or km el e a Jr 10 Sri Aray screen 1 16 determines ofrows shrink column width 5 4 22 has the same combo list Computational Element 4R amp EcHNOa 1 s yo p ao al opea K S DEE a lalo Headwater al s a fstadara sl e ea Jun s s 4 fPomsows f s 4 H eise 42 A lap 44 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E ma as S 4 a al n SIS Wan NI Standard Ca NO EE dE E E Downstream s s 5 Pensoe J sl 4 e wimdawa s s v Don AA KAA WA gt ONE Y AO pa Ee m OO H NNNM
20. y ek sepe o EE HT EE Esel qe rere ESA HE 56 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E T code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT ui ni ES NE I 1B Sa PAYA HO 6B 38alincrementalfiow_______ ____ e 17 a PA M E a e rh li 2 Dams aj 20 4 mam AA ER BE O EE FIS ER intermediate output J af eel 5 an AN Ye S S s compete Tif at e liimiedooooooool 2 2 e foutputvariabies e s Hdai 21 26 a L l aa EEE ii 21 26 4 VARIABLE 24 3 were obtained from appropriate Inputcode een GG E a E E Analysis SS SS E A EE EEE IEA E ea E a jw pe el e lipad b3 e Spi ET HT EA om orner Jazz n L peker elf al al fe L E HB L File s see Table 2 for 25 1 2 Input Variables for First Order and nn Carlo CI Analysis lGenericmarow esl ile ozo aaa 7 EE ii E lcoere wvakamon es a 1 fr fpRopapiity wor esl al sl fos ERBEN oma y er ub popup ME ct 3 el I 4 H A AA PENE NEN EU e ee 57 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E ii Type Description VARIABLE En u T Pur 1737 M Element Number to a s Printed Et ee aa NN fen ota tt 58 REFERENCE Brown L C and T
21. 3 m s 8 Reach 4Incremental flows 0 015 m s 9 Reach 5Incremental flows 0 015 m s 10 Reach 6Incremental flows 0 108 m s 11 Reach 6Withdrawal at the diversion 0 5 m s Figure 6 3 a b and c show the screen where these data are entered B Hydraulic data These data come from past gaged data and special survey data on velocities and depths 1 Dirty River Vel 0 25 Q Depth 0 44 Q 2 Clear Creek Vel 0 38 Q Depth 0 51 O 3 Bull Run Vel 0 28 Q Depth 0 48 00 4 Pond Vel 0 065 0985 Depth 1 1 Q 27 Table 6 1 Example Run Matrix for QUAL2E Windows Interface Component EXAMPLE RUN QUAL2E 1 2 3 Simulation Steady state m m Dynamic Water guality constituents Temperature CBODU DO Algae Phosphorus Nitrogen Fecal coliform Non conservative Conservative Observed DO data m Temperature correction factors Default a User defined m m Climatological data Reach variable Global Functional data Headwaters Point sources withdrawals Dams Flow augmentation Downstream condition Trapezoidal channels Uncertainty analysis Sensitivity First order error Monte Carlo Units U S units a Metric m H 28 Table 6 2 Example Input Files with QUAL2E Windows and QUAL2E p Type of File QUAL2E Interface QUAL2E Model O O ____ aua pu Tm m ERAN E oun 0 QUALZE input 29 Reservoir 4 M USGS Gage d x Study Araa Diversion j 7
22. 550 psp L DPDLET HP JE NN ET 1 CONS 1 nname 17 1017 1 F from Mi 6 11 PTLDC 11 CONS 2 nname 17 11 M2 PTLDC 2 1 M3 NC 1 TEMP 6 13 1 CONS 3 nname m F from 6 15 6 18 54 Table A 1 continued rin fen Doserpten vAMABLE scm es or nem ye rang t nt code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range po ei OLI mi EE EE NN e H 59 HLA are E LEFT H2N S IE pq ge qr spat H3N poe BE KB E m O2N gem I7 ee IN O3N A gums dE qe qp dme ORG pue NG GG ISP lp LLL rrarayscreen 0 DamReaeration AA SJ swacHvo Sd o 5 wes 5 S 2 eo a TIO ACOF m ue ACA BCOF o e KG o RS FRAC s peeHrwDaM ssl 6 al Jo olim gt S K mame is obtained from Screen No 6itany Ena E ap a lA 13 Temperature Ll ppal a al F fesas 7oole AAA passo atole 2 al fe fos oo mgi al jr jo 100 o ofmon AAN MOTTA o E i CLIP TII e 11 i 0 mm HE Li EA AA qoem 6 15 6 18 1 F No 100 ml F b dun Coliform No 100 ml 13 13 13 13 2 1 F from 6 13 13 13 13A a CA Fo Chlorophyll a ug l 55 Table A 1 continued EL 0 BEST code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range LT 13A Organic N as N mg l etol 1 fr lo man asalammonaasN mgi
23. B Ammonia decay 7 1 F 1 1 1 1 083 2ST 3SC 48 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range ee H LEL inc Phosphorus Phosphorus TC PR Organic P decay 1 1 GDC TC PR 1B Organic P settling 1 1 1 1 024 GST ne Dissolved P source 1 074 min algae yep A TE EEE TOL Coliform decay rasa Non conservative IG p p cue e EEG CST Eee lp 33 S EE Po EE Flow Augmentation I URCE 1 URCE 2 oi PES EEE URCE 3 BE os Hd AAA N URCE 4 URCE 5 BERI er nCONST EE 5 Q COEFF nVELOCITY EA sls 3 SO 3 SO 3 SO 3 SO 3 SO 49 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range EXPO 5 Q EXP nVELOCITY tl al o E pg OV B COEF 5 QCOEFF n DEPTH ul 5 1 F ge 73 QH C EXPO 5 Q EXP nDEPTH 11 1 E eue EN QH D MANNI 5 MANNING ul oz 1 F pepe qe NGS TRAP 5 SIDE nSLOPE 1 11 1 E Rl quum ssi 1000 TRAP 5 SIDE n SLOPE 2 11 1 E lo o ft ft m m SS2 1000 TRAP 5 WIDTH 11 dol 1 F EN E WTH TRAP 5 SLOPE 11 ual 4 F 0 0 1 0 ft ft m m SLP ELEVA SA ELEV 11 12 1 1000 0 TIN 12000 120 305 m 3650 DUST 5A DUST COEFF 11 13 1 F 01 15 ATIN DRYB 5A DRY TEMP 1 100 Baa E zolo a 1 100 a E isolc PRESSURE 27 33 RES 900 1017 mbar 1100
24. E 13 10 1 F 1 100 10 0 Ju g ART chla mg algae gt foro 1ofmoay e EEE A nco Ll Sal doso Olim 51 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code yes Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range haa WELLE E gu en er DECA ANC NON CONS in SETTLING 1 day SETT SRCE PIE p Array screen 1 16 determines of rows ma ui Io a m pr Ee initial Conditions of the Stream J zAcHNo sj A queso 0 14 el al IF ls5 135 zoolF AAA Apt peeo E poo e a Jeo K DE ei LET 6 11 li BEER META BE i sel CP EP Hom E e i el A HE i 7 COLIFORM pre uu HN S 7A CHA A zAoREN gt TAINGN zalnozn_______ 7ANOSN 0 0 0 0 0 000 za jore P abs ma Ka Array screen 1 16 determines of rows 77 name is obtained from Screen No 6 if ar incremental inflow sREAHNO So cal OW e MP gt E Fee coe CF s c 21 0 C 52 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range ET I ae AN al O INCRB BOD 15 5 1 F 0 1000 mg l OD po rr ED M1 6 11 INCRC CONS 2 n name 15 7 2 11 F from M2 6 13 Ae AA FET bun M3 6 15 INCRA 8A NON CONS in name 15 2 1 F from NC 6 18 INCRC 8A COLIFORM 15 10 1 F No 100 OLI ml INCRC 8AJCHL A 15 11 1 F ug l HLA INCRN 8AJORG N 15 12 1 F mg l H2N
25. QUAL2E DISK 1 into drive A or drive B Please note that the QUAL2E Windows interface consists of two disks NOTE You musthave 10 megabytes of space onthe hard disk drive on which you are install STEP 5 You are now ready to use QUAL2E 5 USING THE QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE Once you have finished loading the software you will be ready to access the QUAL2E Windows interface This section details how to use the capabilities available in the QUAL2E interface It describes the following Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File File Naming Conventions Saving Input Files Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files Submitting an Input File to the Model QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys Import File Option in QUAL2E How to Use the Graphics Routine Array Screen Capabilities Unit Conversion 5 1 Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File When you first enter the QUAL2E Windows interface you will be automatically assigned a new file The new file name and number will appear at the top of the is located becomes the default directory for QUAL2E All the data files for QUAL2E must exist in the default directory It is strongly recommended that you not save input files in any location other than the QUAL2E directory 5 2 File Naming Conventions All files created by QUAL2E in Windows have a file naming convention as explained below 1 Thefirstfive characters are the function n
26. United Sates Office of Water EPA 823 B 95 003 Environmental Protection 4305 August 1995 Agency SEPA QUAL2E Windows Interface User s Guide QUAL2E Windows Interface User s Guide United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Office of Science and Technology Standards and Applied Science Division 401 M Street SW Washington DC 20460 FOREWORD Water quality standards are implemented through a process of calculating Waste Load Allocations WLAs and or Total Maximum Daily Loads TMDLs Ultimately Permit Limits are developed based on the calculated WLAs and TMDLs Many ofthese required calculations are preformed with computer simulation models Either steady state or dynamic modeling techniques may be used The Office of Science and Technology develops and maintains analytical tools to assist in performing analysis of water quality problems The Windows interface developed for the QUAL2E model will help users prepare input files more efficiently Default values for constants are included in the interface to provide reasonable numbers with which to begin the modeling Integrated data manipulation options stream network graphics and plotting capabilities are among the many useful features included inthe QUAL2E Windows interface Different screens or parts of screens will be active or inactive depending on the input This feature reduces the potential for making mistakes during data entry This documentis an Agency software use
27. Windows interface Two different types of help are available Prompt Level Help which contains information on the specific prompt on which your cursor is located or on which you are entering data and General Help which contains a general description of the QUAL2E system To access General Help move the cursor to the button bar and the click on the HELP button or press ALT H from the keyboard A menu will ap pear Selectthe HELP INDEX option or enter from the key board A window will appear with a screen title Description of this run Click on the Search button on the Help Screen to find a topic You can type in the topic or scroll through the list of available topics When you find the topic you are looking for click the left mouse button on the topic twice and then click on the GO TO button To access Prompt Level Help move the cursor over to the prompt on which you would like informa tion and press the F1 function key or click on the HELP button When you are finished viewing Help exitthe Help window either by entering ALT F X from the keyboard or by double clicking the left mouse button on the icon located atthe top left corner of the window You will be returned to the screen in which you were previously working CALC button This option allows you to access the Calculator Function within Windows should you require the use of a calculator at any screen in QUAL2E You may invoke a scientific calculator by clicking o
28. a BOD decay value of more than 2 or a latitude value outside the range of 0 90 degrees during the validation you will be informed of the error and taken to the incorrect entry so that you can correct it immediately 5 4 Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files The default editor for viewing and editing QUAL2E output files is the WRITE program in Windows However you may choose any other data editor e g EDIT EXE for viewing the output by selecting the Utilities menu on the top menu bar of the screen and using the Setup Output File Viewer option The path and executable name ofthe output file editor should be specified under this option If you do not have any special text editor to choose you may check the default WRITE EXE setup using the above mentioned procedure 22 After each execution of QUAL2E from the Windows interface you will be asked whether you want to view the OUT file If you decide to see the output the OUT file will be opened using the editor of your choice Itis important to note that the QUAL2E Windows interface does not have any button or menu item that allows you to see an existing output file without running the program You may want to use WRITE in the ACCESSORIES group of the Windows Program Manager to open edit and save an output file at any time Select all the texts in the file by clicking before the first character of the output file and dragging the mouse pointer to the end while kee
29. ables functional data and climatology data Since you are retrieving an existing input file you are not required to do this STEP3 Examine the input file in detail and familiarize yourself with it by using the NEXT and BACK buttons to move through the screens and the HELP button to obtain general and detailed information aboutthe interface and specific prompts Areas on which you should focus are given below How to describe a complete stream system The first three screens are most important because the majority of the data on the fol lowing screens are dependent upon the information given by Screens 1 3 First you must enter the number of reaches in the system on Screen 1 If you do notenterthis number the interface will not let you access other screens Then you are required to give the reach name beginning and ending river miles or kilometers for each reach an indication of the headwaters and an element length The sequence of the reaches that you provide on Screen 2 should always be entered fromthe most upstream reach to the most downstream reach The element length is a computational unit that has to be divisible by allreaches The information on Screen 2 will be used to display the reach connections Remember that river reaches and computational elements are the basis of most data input It is suggested that you draw a reach network system before entering the data How to use the unit conversion The unit selection
30. alysis The QUAL2E simulation control describes simulation control variables and number of reaches in the reach system A complete stream system is described by the reach connection elementtype and a computational length River reaches which are aggregates of computational elements are the basis of most data input The global variables include number of constituents to be simulated geographical and climatological information option for plotting DO BOD and kinetics and temperature correction factors The functional data provide flow data reaction coefficients and forcing functions Initial conditions boundary conditions and point source loads are input as forcing functions The global climatology data are required only for diurnal DO simulations The uncertainty analysis optional data consist of types of uncertainty analyses input and output conditions and input variables with perturbations Of 24 screens the first 3 screens where a complete stream system is entered are most important because the majority of the data on the following screens are dependent upon the information given by Screens 1 3 The stream system can be described by reach name beginning and ending reach in terms of river miles or kilometers and an indication of the headwater The sequence of the reaches given on Screen 2 is used by the interface to display the reach connections Each reach is then subdivided into computational elements of equal length which ar
31. ame i e QAL2E the next three digits are sequentially assigned numbers that indicate the number of the input file that you are currently creating The file extension indicates the type of file as explained below File Names Description of the file QAL2E INP QUAL2E Windows Interface Input file This file contains all the input data required for QUAL2E in one file QALGR INP QUAL2E Windows graphics file This file contains all the input data that were entered to create a particular graph screen in parentheses for example QAL2E INP The following input files are generated by the QUAL2E Windows interface when you choose to submit the To access an existing file click on the FILE optionon QAL2E INP file to the model for execution These the very top line select the OPEN option and select the file you want from the listthat appears If you made any changes to the previously opened file you will be asked whether you wantto save the file This is to remind you that opening a new file will overwrite the existing screens The QUAL2E Windows interface does not allow you to open more than one input file concurrently NOTE The input files must be in the same location as the EXE files the QUAL2E executable files If you elect to read in an existing file from a different directory the directory in which the file files can be read by the interface later through an IMPORT function These files will be in your dir
32. assigned to cover all the general input requirements discussed previously Table A 1 identifies the variables for each screen This table contains the following for QUAL2E Input code used in QUAL2E Data type Description of the variable QUAL2E variable Screen number SCR No Control number CON No Control type CON Type Item type range default and unit o 1ogiB oN Input code and data type are used in the uncertainty analysis part of QUAL2E They are listed here for proper cross referencing of the variables Referto Appendix B of The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS Documentation and User Manualfor more details Screen number control number and control types are used internally by the QUAL2E Windows interface Each variable has a unique control number on a particular screen in the interface For example if you refer to the first page of Table A 1 a variable NUMB is defined as Number of reaches which is the last control on the first screen In the QUAL2E RUN file itis the 10th card of Data Type 1 i e if you were to prepare an input file QUAL2E RUN without using the interface you would enter Number of reaches in the 10th row of the group named Data Type 1 The NUMB s type is integer its range is from 1 to 50 and the default should be 1 These data are used by the QUAL2E model Atotal of five input files may be needed for a QUAL2E run Referto Section 5 2 to see which files are required and
33. at you selected will be drawn onthe screen Once drawn you have two options PRINT To print the graphs s on the screen select the GRAPH option at the top of the screen andselect PRINT The file will be printed to the default Windows printer EDIT This option allows you to copy the image and paste it to any Windows application through the Clipboard To do this click on EDIT at the menu bar and select COPY Then switch to the target Windows application e g WordPerfect and choose Paste or Paste Specialto com plete the cut and paste function The features and limitations of the graphics program include Thegraphics routine can draw upto three pol lutants for one graph It can display two poll utants with two Y axes for one graph YOU can display up to four graphs at a time You need to create the first three graphs by going through the graph plotting cycle three times and entering a new file name each time This is the file name shown at the top of the screen QALGR INP for the QUAL2E graphs To change the file name click on the File menu and choose New from the Graph Selection screen If you do not selecta new file name when you hit the RUN button the new graph will overwrite the previously drawn graph Finally you need to go through a fourth cyclein which you plotthe fourth graph select all four graph files in the Graph Selection pop up window and choose OK The observed DO data cannot be plotted
34. ater quality characteristics and local climatology QUAL2E accommodates four types of hydraulic and mass load forcing functions in addition to local climatological factors headwater inputs point sources or withdrawals incremental inflow outflow along a reach and the downstream boundary concentration optional Local climatological data are required for the simulation of algae andtemperature Thetemperature simulation uses a heat balance across the air water interface and thus requires values of wet and dry bulb air temperatures atmospheric pressure wind velocity andcloudcover The algal simulation requires values ofnetsolarradiation For dynamic simulations these climatological data must be inputat regular time intervals overthe course ofthe simula tion and are applied uniformly over the entire river basin For modeling steady state temperature and algae average daily local climatological data are required and may vary spatially over the basin by reach The uncertainty analysis procedures incorporated into the computer program guide the user in the calibration process in addition to providing information about the uncertainty associated with the calibrated model To create QUAL2E input files the user has to follow data type sequences within one particular input file There are five different input files for which certain com binations must be created before running the model 2 5 Output File QUAL2E produces three type
35. cients or use the model default values Climatological data can be varied from one reach to another or specified as constant values for all reaches The DO BOD plot is an option for the model input It is applied when a user has observed DO data and wants to calibrate the model to compare the predicted DO with the observed DO You can either select an existing DO file which contains the data or indicate the number of points for each BOD DO plot and enter the measured data on Screen 7 Example 1 chooses to select an existing DO input file called WRKSHOP1 DO andthe datacanbe seen on Screen 7 Submit the QUALZE interface input file to the QUAL2E model for execution by clicking on the RUN button An icon appears at the bottom ofthe screen with the words QUAL2E MODEL EXECUTION When the processing is complete a message appears QUAL2E completed Do you want to view the output file Select OK to view the output using the default editor After viewing the tabulated output press ALT F and X in sequence to return to the QUAL2E main menu You might also want to plot a QUAL2E graphic Click on the Graphics button Select a QUAL2E output file e g QAL2E001 0UT Once you have chosen the QUAL2E output click on the Reaches button to view a network diagram of the stream network and computational elements This plot should be similar to Figure 6 2 If you want to make a hard copy for the plot you can use the Print option to send the plot d
36. d are the standard elements where the Ss are located The standard elements could be further defined as point sources withdrawals or dams The user should indicate the locations of point sources withdrawals or dams if they are applied River reaches and computational elements are the basis of most data input Screen 4 is used to identify water quality parameters to be simulated As mentioned previously QUAL2E can simulate up to 15 water quality constituents in any combination desired by the user Constituents that can be modeled are Dissolved oxygen DO Biochemical oxygen demand BOD Table 3 1 Input Screen Sequence in QUAL2E Windows Interface Description QUAL2E Input Data of Input Data Screen Component Data Content Type No QUAL2E Title simulation type unit time step 1 RUN Simulation control Uncertainty analysis flow augmentation trapezoidal channels no of reaches Reach ID and river miles km headwater comp le Element type for each reach Global Water quality no of constituents Title line variables Lat long dust elev evap climatological data List reach numbers to be dadas N Observed DO file Global kinetics temp correct factor 1A 1B RUN Functional Flow Flow augmentation Hu 7 data Hydraulic data local climatolody 5 5A 3 Forcing function 14 15 16 Point loads withdrawals 17 18 19 Climatolog icdlGlobal climatological data file 20 data Uncertainty Sensitivity analysis f
37. decide later to change to metric units the Windows interface will display a message asking whether you want the variables converted from one unit to another If you choose YES the interface will display the appropriate units and do the conversion for the variables that require aunit If you choose NO the interface will only provide the unit titles for the variables and will not convert the values 6 EXAMPLE RUNS This section contains three example runs to illustrate how to make the best use of the QUAL2E Windows interface The example runs were selected in an at tempt to exercise the major portions of the OUAL2E interface A matrix of QUAL2E interface with the various runs is shown in Table 6 1 The QUAL2E interface generates five different input files For abase QUAL2E run a RUN file is required an observed DO file is needed when there are observed data a CLI file is applied if there are data for quasi dynamic i e diurnal variations simulations For an uncertainty analysis run an UNS file and a VAR file are needed in addition to a RUN file and or a DO file The first example is designed to simulate three water quality constituents tempera ture dissolved oxygen DO and ultimate carbonaceous BOD CBODU ina steady state mode with metric units The second example includes a QUAL2E uncertainty analysis in which all five input files are generated by the interface with U S units The lastexample performs a quasi dynamic diurna
38. e also displayed on the reach graphics screen Once this information has been pro vided the interface will automatically link allreaches to a stream system and assign the element types as headwaters junctions standards or a downstream boundary on Screen 3 There are seven different types of computational elements headwater element standard element up stream element from a junction junction element down stream element point source and withdrawal element Aheadwater elementbegins every tributary as well as the main river system and therefore must always be the first elementin a headwater reach A standard element isone that does not qualify as one of the remaining six elementtypes An upstream element from a junction is used to designate an element on the mainstream that is just upstream of a junction A junction element has a simulated tributary entering it A downstream element is defined as the last element in a stream system Point sources and withdrawals represent elements that have inputs waste loads and unsimulated tributaries and water withdrawals respectively Table 3 2 lists seven element types allowed in the QUAL2E input represented below as numbers and eight in the OUALZE interface indicated by capital letters Certain element types on Screen 3 are grayed out such as headwater elements and junction elements This means those types or fields cannot be changed The only element types or fields that can be change
39. ectory QAL2E RUN QUALZE input file QAL2E DO Observed Dissolved Oxygen data file QAL2E CLI Climatology data file QAL2E UNS Uncertainty input file QAL2E VAR Variance uncertainty input file Note that the QAL2E RUN file is always required for a QUAL2E execution Itis the actual input file for the program The RUN file is generated by the QUAL2E Windows interface priorto executing the program You have the option of importing an existing RUN file into the QUAL2E Windows interface Always save your current file before importing a RUN file because the imported file will overwrite all the values on the screens without giving you a choice Other input files are optional depending on the data availability and the simulation type The DO file is used when observed DO data are available The CLI file is needed for quasi dynamic sim ulations The UNS and VAR files are needed for the uncertainty analysis Two additional files are generated by the program QAL2E DOU and QAL2E RCH These files remain invisible A schematic of all the files and their uses is given in Figure 5 1 20 Filma 1a win al a var uar um Class werd Do nie Coo LZ Erdek Do Larm ziary iag Mw e LZ ES Fewaasw OUS LZ E tower Far iaa Dle LOLA LZ Esas IPA Fy lagu N alda ina c Sayed Por Mug user ram 1 giri O cuna CO LZ Erdek EUN QUe LEE au au id locks LOS LZ ENNAN DOU Karart pragoica lil uga LZ bees EH
40. es more specific guidance on applications TRADEMARKS Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation CONTENTS Section Page FOREWORD ina Ide a tede i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DISCLAIMER TRADEMARKS li 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 53 1 ded e an Ba E E d EU EU el tan e e 1 2 TECHNICAL SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 3 2 1 Overview of OUAL2E 3 2 2 Prototype Presentation 3 2 3 Uncertainty Analysis 4 2 4 Data Requirements au sr u ar EFE a pe BE BB NENG RA 4 2 5 Qutp t Eile see Gele ee ee ir er ee ep 6 2 6 Model kimitations t eee arre KEN RER pam el a RD 6 3 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE QUAL2E IMPLEMENTATION IN WINDOWS 7 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SOFTWARE INSTALLATION rrr 11 4 1 Minimum System Requirements 11 4 2 Installing the Software nh 11 5 USING THE QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE 13 5 1 Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File 13 5 2 File Naming Conventions 13 5 3 Saving INPUEFIICS come m cese ue aa ia LA ER ne ee ean ce AAE ee re e 14 5 4 Setting UpabDefaultEditorforViewingOutputFiles 14
41. irectly to the printer or use the Edit and Copy Paste option to place the graph in another Windows package such as the Clip board To graph flow vs distance click on flow vs distance as the type of graph and then define the starting reach as 1 and ending reach as 6 Click the Run button to view the graph To graph water quality constituents select water quality constituents as the type of graph and define the starting and ending reaches When you click on Run a Pollutant Figure 6 4 QUAL2E Graph from Example 1 Selection screen will appear with a list of pollutants Selectthe pollutants you wantto plot and click on Run again A window will list all the graphs in the default directory Select the graphs you would like to see and choose OK QUAL2E Graphics allows you to draw upto four graphs on the same screen To do this you should create different graphs and then select up to four graphs that you want to see on one screen An example QUAL2E graph is provided in Figure 6 4 6 2 Example 2 Withlacoochee River QUAL2E and Uncertainty Analysis 38 This exercise demonstrates how to use the uncertainty analysis option A QUAL2E base run is performed first followed by an uncertainty run The Withlacoochee River basin is located in Florida and is a simple reach system containing 11 reaches Two point source loads are applied in Example 2 Six water quality parameters are simulated temperature BOD algae DO phosphorus and
42. irst order error analysis vong 169 UNS Analysis Carlo simulation Input conditions output Sooo o Input variables for sensitivity analysis e 2 23 Reach element numbers to be printed 24 Table 3 2 Element Types Used in QUAL2E QUAL2E INTERFACE QUAL2E ELEMENT TYPE MODEL Headwater Standard Upstream of a junction Junction Most downstream Point source Withdrawal Dam OsSumccor NOORWONM A Temperature Algae as chlorophyll a Phosphorus cycle organic and dissolved Nitrogen cycle organic ammonia NH nitrite NO nitrite NO Coliforms Arbitrary nonconservative constituent Three conservative constituents Water quality constituents can be simulated under either steady state or quasi dynamic conditions If either the phosphorus cycle or the nitrogen cycle is not being simulated the model presumes they will not limit algal growth Note that QUAL2E can simulate either ultimate BOD or 5 day BOD BOD5 The model simulates ultimate BOD in the general case If the user wishes to use 5 day BOD for input and output the program will internally make the conversion to ultimate BOD On Screen 4 if only BOD is chosen the ultimate BOD will be simulated if both BOD and BOD5 are selected the 5 day BOD input output option is applied Geographical and climatological data are entered on Screen 5 Climatological data can be varied with reaches or constant throughout reaches depending on the simulation type Te
43. l simulation for most of the conventional pollutants These examples were obtained from EPA and demon strate the potential applications of the QUAL2E QUAL2EU model The interface runs can be checked using the input files supplied by EPA along with the distribution package for QUAL2E The example input files prepared for testing the QUAL2E Windows interface and corresponding files used for QUAL2E are listed in Table 6 2 6 1 Example 1 Dirty River Reaches DO BOD TEMP Simulation This is an example of the QUAL2E model s ability to simulate three water quality constituents temperature dissolved oxygen DO and ultimate carbonaceous BOD CBODU in a steady state mode with metric units A sketched stream system for a study area is shown in Figure 6 1 The network connections and computational elements for Example 1 are shown in Figure 6 2 The data that are presented consist of the following A Flow data From gaged data and drainage area ratio analysis the following information was developed 1 Reach 1Flow at the headwater of Dirty River 0 5 m s 2 Reach 1 Point source discharge from the STP 0 48 m s 3 Reach 1Incremental flow in Dirty River above junction with Clear Creek 1 241 m s 4 Reach 2Reservoir release into Clear Creek 0 38 m s 5 Reach 2Incremental flow in Clear Creek above junction with Bull Run 0 388 m s 6 Reach 3Flow at headwater of Bull Run 0 14 m s 7 Reach 3Incremental flow in Bull Run 0 00
44. lement andthus can vary within a reach The question that must be addressed in order to define a reach is what constitutes significant change in these model inputs significant in the sense of their impact on simulation results not necessarily in the sense of change in the inputs themselves Mass transport in the QUAL2E computer program is handled in a relatively simple manner There seems to be some confusion about QUAL2E s transport capabilities because itis sometimes called a quasi dynamic model However in all of the computer programs in the QUAL series there is an explicit assumption of steady flow the only time varying forcing functions are the climatologic variables that primarily affect temperature and algal growth A more appropriate term for this capability is diel indicating variation over a 24 hour period The forcing function used for estimating transport is the stream flow rate which as mentioned above is assumed to be constant Stream velocity cross sectional area and depth are computed from stream flow One of the most important considerations in determining the assimilative capacity of a stream is its ability to maintain an adequate dissolved oxygen concentration The QUAL2E program performs dissolved oxygen balance by including major source and sink terms in the mass balance equation As shown in Figure 2 1 the nitrogen cycle is composed of four compartments organic nitrogen ammonia nitrogen nitrite ni
45. move the screen by clicking on the scroll bars so that you can view the last cell in the desired block position the cursor above the last cell and press the SHIFT key and the left mouse button simultaneously This will highlightthe area that you want 25 2 Arithmetic Box One ofthe key features ofthe QUAL2E Windows inter face is its ability to provide mathematical calculations in columns sothat you can easily change certain rows of values in an array screen the 26 screen where the same variable requires a row of entries This feature is selected by clicking on the variable title in any array for instance TEMP initial temperature in the reach A window will pop up allowing you to do arithmetic operations for a specific number of rows in that column You will be able to access an arithmetic function that allows you to add subtract multiply or divide any single or range of values for that variable For example you mightchoose to add 3 degrees to all the values in the temperature array by using the arithmetic function 5 10 Unit Conversion The QUAL2E interface permits the use of either metric or U S units A conversion routine has been developed for the QUAL2E interface to allow a variable s unit to be changed from one type to another If you choose U S units atthe beginning of the process for generating an interface input the unittitles and default values for the variables will be supplied to the interface If you
46. mperature correction factors could be defaults by the model or user specified Also if the user has observed DO data that are stored ina DO file that could be specified under Observed Dissolved Oxygen file on Screen 5 The observed data are stored on Screen 7 Functional data are input on Screens 10 through 19 Flow characteristics of the reach system can be described by dispersion coefficients discharge coeffi cients or a geographical representation i e trapezoidal channels and Manning s n Flow augmentation may be applied when the DO concentration drops below some required target level 4 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 4 1 Minimum System Requirements ing QUALZE for Windows Close all open appli cations including FILE MANAGER before you The system runs under Microsoft Windows Themin Start the setup program imum system requirements are provided below STEP2 Start Windows andthen choose File Run Windows Version 3 1 80386 processor STEP3 Type A SETUP or B SETUP if the disk is in I 4 megabytes RAM the B drive Click on the OK button or 10 megabytes hard disk space press ENTER NOTE Amathcoprocessorisrecommendedbutnot STEP4 You will be asked to enter the location of required the directory where you would like QUAL2E to be loaded When you confirm this or 4 2 Installing the Software enter a new directory the loading will begin STEP 1 Insert the QUAL2E Setup Disk i e l
47. mputational element due to flow Mass balance determines the concentrations of conservative minerals coliform bacteria and nonconservative constituents at each computational element In addition to material fluxes major processes included in mass balance are transformation of nutrients algal production benthic and carbonaceous demand atmospheric reaeration and the effect of these processes on the dissolved oxygen balance QUAL2E uses chlorophyll aas the indicator of planktonic algae biomass The nitrogen cycle is divided into four compartments organic nitrogen ammonia nitrogen nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen In a similar manner the phosphorus cycle is modeled by using two compartments The primary internal sink of dissolved oxygen in the model is biochemical oxygen demand BOD The major sources of dissolved oxygen are algal photosynthesis and atmospheric reaeration The model is applicable to dendritic streams that are well mixed Itassumes that the major transport mech anisms advection and dispersion are significant only along the main direction of flow the longitudinal axis of the stream or canal It allows for multiple waste discharges withdrawals tributary flows and incremental inflow and outflow It also has the capability to compute required dilution flows for flow augmentation to meet any pre specified dissolved oxygen level Hydraulically QUAL2E is limited to the simulation of time periods during which bo
48. n the View menu of the calculator and selecting Scientific TOP button This option allows you to move to the first screen in QUAL2E from any screen without having to use the INDEX function RUN button This option allows you to submit an interface input file that you have created to the QUAL2E model for execution Ifincorrect entries are present in the file when you click on this button QUAL2E will inform you that you have incorrect values and will take you to the appropriate prompt so that you can correct the value and resubmit the file RESTORE button This option allows you to restore the default values that were in the file before you started making changes for a screen This is an option that allows you to replace preexisting values on a particular screen without having to exit the system or go back to every variable that you changed However if you move to another screen all the changes become permanent GRAPHICS button This option allows you to graph the QUAL2E output results There are two types of graphs flow vs distance and pollutant con centrations vs distance along the river system The graphics routine also has the capability of drawing the network connections of the river system 5 7 Import File Option in QUAL2E 24 The import file option allows you to access existing input files that are generated from other model runs The QUAL2E interface can import all five input files RUN DO CLI UNS and VAR files
49. nd illustrates its use with three example runs The Windows interface integrates the QUAL2E model and data handling needs to make the model implementation user friendly A brief description ofthe QUAL2E model structure is presented to facilitate subsequent discussions This guide is divided into six sections Section 2 provides a technical summary ofthe QUAL2E model as well as the model structure the input re quirements and the output Section 3 describes the Windows implementation of the QUAL2E model including descriptions of the screen sequences changes made for ease of use and limitations of the implementation Section 4 provides minimum require ments and instructions for installing the software Section 5 provides the information necessary to use the QUAL2E interface including Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File File Naming Conventions I Saving Input Files Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files Submitting an Input File to the Model QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys Import File Option in QUAL2E How to Use the Graphics Routine o Array Screen Capabilities in QUAL2E Unit Conversion Section 6 contains three example runs that highlight user entry and model output Appendix A provides the screen structure and descriptions of the variables forthe Windows interface 2 TECHNICAL SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 1 Overview of QUAL2E QUAL I was initiall
50. om of the screen with the words QUAL2E MODEL EXECUTION When the processing is complete the output will be shown in the default output file viewer i e default editor View the output carefully If you want to draw a QUAL2E graphic click on the Graphics Button A QUAL2E graphic for Example 2 is shown in Figure 6 5 To exit from QUAL2E press ALT F for File and then X for Exit Example 3 Dynamic Diurnal Simulation Figure 6 5 Phosphorus Concentration vs Distance 39 This example simulates a simple river system with a total of five reaches and nine water quality constituents for a QUAL2E run This is adynamic diurnal simulation with atotal simulation of 60 hours and a time step of 1 hour Since it is a dynamic simulation the climatological data are required at regular time intervals over the course of the simulation There is an existing climatological input file available for input The input file DIURNAL CLI can be read 40 41 through the Import function In this example the down stream boundary conditions are known and specified in the interface input file The model solution will therefore be constrained to match the known concentrations The steps that you must follow for this example are explained in detail below STEP 1 STEP 2 Selectthe QUAL2E Windows Interface option from the main QUAL2E menu Next open the QUAL2E interface file QUAL2E003 INP The file will be loaded into the QUAL2E
51. on of going back and correcting the error at a later time or correctingthe error before moving on The cursor will blink at the prompt with the incorrect entry if you elect to correct the error before moving on INDEX Function Instead of moving backward and forward through the screens you may use the INDEX feature to hop back and forth between screens To access this feature position the cursor over the INDEX button and click with the mouse button or enter ALT N All the screens available in this option will be displayed with the screen titles Certain screens will be grayed out indicating that ihese screens are not accessible due to the selections made on other screens The screen that you were in when you selected the INDEX button will be highlighted in blue text If you wish to see the prompts that appear on each screen press the EXPAND button atthe bottom of the INDEX screen The screen names and numbers will then include all the prompts contained in the screens You may contract the screen again to the normal display of just the screen names and number by clicking on the CONTRACT button To move to the screen that you want position the cursor over the screen number of any non gray screen and click the left mouse button You are taken immediately to that screen To exit the INDEX screen and return to the previous screen click on the CANCEL button HELP button This option allows you to access the on line help for the QUAL2E
52. ping the left mouse button pressed and choose the landscape option in Print Setup under FILE menu to avoid wraparound oftext Additionally when the text is selected you may switch to a fixed width font such as Courier or Line Printer to see the text vertically aligned Click on the Fonts option under the Character menu to open the font selection box 5 5 Submitting an Input File to the Model When you have completed the input file for the interface that you are in select the RUN button to run the model with the input file you created When you select the RUN option all the entries in the file will be validated If any errors are detected during the validation QUAL2E will put up a message informing you of the type of error detected and will then take you to the prompt that is incorrect Once all valid entries are made the file is submitted to the appropriate model for execution An icon will appear at the bottom of the screen for those blocks for which the QUAL2E model is called When the processing of the interface input file is complete QUALE2 will execute and will ask you whether you want to view the output file If you indicate that you wish to view the output file QUAL2E will show it using a text editor You can annotate the results if you choose to do so To exit from the WRITE text editor choose Exit from the File menu or press the ALT and F keys simultaneously ALT F then press the X key You will return to the interface
53. r s manual It does not establish or affect legal rights or obligations It does not establish binding requirements This documentis expected to be revised periodically to reflect changes inthis rapidly evolving area Comments from users will be welcomed Send comments to U S EPA Office of Water Office of Science and Technology Standards and Applied Science Division 4305 401 M Street SW Washington DC 20460 Tudor T Davies Director Office of Science and Technology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The QUAL2E Windows Interface software and this user s manual were written by Mohammed Lahlou Ph D and Sayedul H Choudhury of Tetra Tech Inc and Yin Wu Ph D and Kirk Baldwin of General Science Corporation under the direction of D King Boynton of EPA s Office of Science and Technology The authors would like to thank Gerald LaVeck and Russell Kinerson of the Office of Science and Technology for their contribution and assistance in the successful completion of this project DISCLAIMER The information contained in this user s manual is intended to assist in using the Windows interface for the QUAL2E model developed by the U S Environmental Protection Agency s Office of Science and Technology This user s manual is not a substitute for The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS Documentation and User Manual developed by Thomas O Barnwell Jr and Linfield C Brown EPA 600 3 87 007 which addresses the model theory and provid
54. s of tables hydraulics reaction coefficient and water quality in the output file The hydraulics summary table contains flows velocities travel time depths and cross sectional areas along each reach The reaction coefficient table lists the reaction coefficients for simulated constituents The water quality table reports constituent concentrations along areach Asummary of temperature calculations may also be included 2 6 Model Limitations QUAL2E has been designed to be a relatively general program however certain dimensional limitations were imposed during program development Brown and Barnwell 1987 These limitations are Reaches a maximum of 50 Computational elements no more than 20 per reach or a total of 500 Headwater elements a maximum of 10 Junction elements a maximum of 9 Point source and withdrawal elements a maximum of 50 3 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE QUAL2E IMPLEMENTATION IN WINDOWS The QUAL2E Windows interface is designed to be as user friendly as possible The interface consists of 24 screens that cover all the data required by QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS The first 20 screens representthe data for QUAL2E and the last four screens are for QUAL2E UNCAS The screen input sequence for QUAL2E is given in Table 3 1 In general the interface is divided into six data components QUAL2E simulation control a stream system global variables functional data climatology data and uncertainty an
55. ta Requirements QUAL2E requires some degree of modeling sophistication and expertise on the part of a user The user must supply more than 100 individual inputs some of which require considerable judgment to estimate The input data in QUAL2E can be grouped into three categories a stream river system global variables and forcing functions Additionally there are three data groups for simulation control and uncertainty analysis The first step in preparing the QUAL2E inputs is to describe a complete stream river system by applying the rules that are defined by the model The stream system should be divided into reaches which are stretches of streamthat have uniform hydraulic characteristics Each reachis then subdivided into computational elements of equal length Thus all reaches must consist of an integer number of computational elements Functionally each computational element belongs gt Ree rations D gt o L v E D Z Mo 4 6 Figure 2 1 QUAL2E Constituent Interactions to one of seven types described later River reaches are the basis of most input data The global variables include simulation variables such as units and simulation type water quality constituents and some physical characteristics ofthe basin Upto 15 water quality constituents can be modeled by QUAL2E Forcing functions are user specified inputs that drive the system being modeled These inputs are specified in terms of flow w
56. ta value 1 0159 Decaying and settling rates of biochemical oxygen demand are entered on the same screen as for SOD Temperature adjustments to the rate coefficients are made in the Temperature Correction Factors screen shown in Figure 6 3 h G Temperature information 1 Evaporation coefficient Use Lake Hefner equation AE 0 0 and BE 0 0000056 2 Dustattenuation coefficient 2 0 13 36 3 Location of basin metropolis longitude 83 3 standard meridian 75 Latitude 42 5 Basin elevation 150 m 4 Localclimatology cloudiness 0 25 Dry bulb temperature 25 0 C wet bulb temperature 20 0 C atmospheric pressure 980 mbar wind speed 2 5 m s These data are provided in the Geographical and Climatological data screen as shown in Figure 6 3 i The steps that you must follow for this example are explained in detail below STEP 1 Select the QUAL2E Windows interface by clicking twice on the QUAL2E icon STEP2 Selectan existing file called QAL2E001 INP in the QUAL2E interface by selecting the File option followed by the Open option The file will be loaded into the QUAL2E interface A total of 24 screens are available to you when you click on the INDEX button that illustrates the overall structure of the input file The other screens are grayed out due to choices made in the sample run Normally QUAL2E requires you to provide information on the reach system of the study area simulation control vari
57. th the stream flow in river basins and input waste loads are essentially constant QUAL2E can operate as either a steady state or a quasi dynamic model making it a very helpful water quality planning tool When operated as a steady state model it can be used to study the impact of waste loads magnitude quality and location on instream water quality By operating the model dynamically the user can study the effects of diurnal variations in meteorological data on water quality primarily dissolved oxygen and temperature and also can study diurnal dissolved oxygen variations due to algal growth and respiration However the effects of dynamic forcing functions such as headwater flows or point loads cannot be modeled in QUAL2E 2 2 Prototype Presentation Prototype representation in QUAL2E consists of dividing a stream into a network consisting of Headwater Reaches and Junctions The fundamental reason for subdividing sections of a stream into reaches is that QUAL2E assumes that some 26 physical chemical and biological parameters model input parameters or coefficients are constant along a reach For example different values for Manning s roughness coefficient sediment oxygen demand and algal settling rate can be specified by the user for different reaches but each of these values remains constant over a particular reach However the state variables change within a reach e g DO is calculated at each computational e
58. trogen and nitrate nitrogen The phosphorus cycle is similar to but simpler than the nitrogen cycle having only two compartments Ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand CBOD is modeled as a first order degradation process in QUAL2E If the modeler uses BOD5 as an input QUAL2E converts 5 day BOD to ultimate BOD for internal calculations Oxidation processes involved in CBOD decay andin the nutrient cycles represent the primary internal sinks of dissolved oxygen in the QUAL2E program The major source of dissolved oxygen in addition to that supplied from algal photosynthesis is atmospheric reaeration 2 3 Uncertainty Analysis Uncertainty analysis for model simulations is assuming a growing importance in the field of water quality management QUAL2E allows the modeler to perform uncertainty analysis on steady state water quality simulations Three uncertainty analysis techniques are employed in QUAL2E UNCAS sensitivity analysis first order error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation With this capability the user can assess the effect of model sensitivities and of uncertain input data on model forecasts Quantifications of the uncertainty in model forecasts will allow assessment of the risk probability of a water quality variable being above or below an acceptable level The user can select the important input variables to be perturbed and locations on the stream where the uncertainty analysis is to be applied 2 4 Da
59. ts al 5 tJClimatological data printout PRIN sl we 4 DoandBoD plot eor siz a4 setpoBoppes A IE ir K ami 1 1 LY 7 18 determines of rows amp 1 16 1 determines of an Reach Numbers for DOBOD to be Piore L T 6 df 7 ko bs MEN Fm 46 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range 222 ee E 5 18 if DO input file is available available orcreate Observed DO input file O O SS o Pp L 3 ph L JRveRtOCATON w mieorkm el il F luis n IMN BG nima 7 al il E 00250 _ oomo Javevonmm 4 il Jr 00250 oolmgi Maxpbowmg 7 5 il E 00250 _ oomo AAA EHE VRR eme ee e 1 J e en Oxygen uptakeby uptake by NH3O A Ammonia oxidation mg O mg Np paan UP 3 5 43 XYUP Se NO2O 1A Nitrite oxidation mg O mg N 1 1 2 1 14 m XYUP pns MjAge OA AGYO 1A Oxygen production by growth m 4 1 8 XYPR O mg A os AGYO 1A Oxygen uptake by respiration mg O mg A 1 6 2 3 2 0mg XYUP ng A AGYN 1AlNitrogen content mg N mg A N CO 5 0 08 0 085 CON 0 09 N mg A AGYP 1A Phosphorus content mg P mg A 1 F 0 012 0 014 m g CON 0 015 P mg A AGYG 1A Max specific growth rate 1 day ALG 7 1 F 1 3 2 5 ROMX AGYR 1AlRespiration rate 1 day 1 F 0 05 0 5 0 05
60. y developed by the Texas Water Development Board in the 1960s Several improved versions of the model were developed by EPA as part of this effort and after extensive review and testing the QUAL II series became widely used Present support for the model is provided by the Environmental Protection Agency s Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling CEAM QUAL2E simulates up to 15 water quality constituents in branching stream systems The model uses a finite difference solution of the advective dispersive mass transport and reaction equations A stream reach is divided into a number of computational elements and for each computational element a hydrologic balance in terms of stream flow e g m s a heat balance in terms of temperature e g C and a material balance in terms of concentration e g mg l are written Both advective and dispersive transport processes are considered in the material balance Mass is gained or lost from the computational element by transport processes wastewater discharges and withdrawals Mass can also be gained or lost by internal processes such as release of mass from benthic sources or biological transformations The program simulates changes in flow conditions along the stream by computing a series of steady state water surface profiles The calculated stream flow rate velocity cross sectional area and water depth serve as abasis for determining the heat and mass fluxes into and out of each co

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