PV*express Simulation programme for the quick
Contents
1. E ENERGIESOFTWARE PV express Simulation programme for the quick design and calculation of photovoltaic systems User Manual 7 D gt v PV express The information contained in this manual is without warranty The programme developers assume no responsibility for its contents The software described in this manual is distributed in accordance with the terms of the licence agreement which are accepted on installation of the programme Liability claims are excluded The reproduction of any part of this manual is prohibited COPYRIGHT 2004 2006 Dr Ing Gerhard Valentin Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH Stralauer Platz 34 10243 Berlin Germany Tel 49 0 30 588 439 0 Fax 49 0 30 588 439 11 E Mail info valentin de Internet www valentin de PV express User Manual Contents T JIntrOOUCHOl1o soc eei aie p th eso Die E pt e td didt 4 1 1 Programme TE FOFITTA DET acuti dnite neuem dos iet 4 qz System BasleSi astare oo eat o tee eee eee eee iS 5 1 3 Computer System Requirements ssssssseeee 9 1 4 ProgrammeInstallaliOrt oos oai eterne eene doen vein bee obe 10 15s Programme AIVA O euo iit ra eeqe ep ase oec hu odere PU p Scr eH RES 10 1 5 8 Enter the Serial Number ssesseeeesssse 11 1 5 4 Request a Key C006 iie diede et xd 12 1 5 4 1 Request a Key Code Online suuuse 13 1 5 4 2 Request a Key Code2. Lower Threshold 450 00 v Upper Threshold 50 00 v MPP Matching Efficiency 96 Output Range lt 20 of Power 55 nq Output Range gt 20 of Power 55 nq Rating Rating with i i l Change inverter efficiency when input voltage deviates from p 30 O without rated voltage 96 100 100V Close Help Night Consumption The inverter turns itself off at night but still requires a minimum level of energy which comes from the grid 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Feed in from There is a minimum output which has to be supplied by the input side PV generator before the inverter can operate Nominal DC Voltage Nominal DC Current The inverter input voltage or input current when the inverter supplies the nominal output Max Input Voltage Max Input Current This voltage threshold or current threshold must not be exceeded If it is the inverter will be destroyed Upper and Lower Voltage Thresholds for MPP Range The inverter can control the MPP tracking within this voltage range This means that the inverter searches for the optimum voltage for the PV array within this voltage range so that the array produces the maximum power output MPP Matching Efficiency The MPP Matching Efficiency is a measure of how precisely the inverter sets its working point for the PV array s maximum power point MPP We differentiate between the
3. o KD Giebelseite Ost 9 10 11 412 13 14 15 16 17 18 Traufe Ctrl left mouse key Multiple Selection Alt left mouse key Row Selection Cancel Shift left mou y Column Selection Del Delete Selection You can optimise roof coverage by selecting Vertical or Horizontal under Module Installation The number of modules positioned on the roof and the installed power are shown at the top of the dialogue If there are obstacles windows chimneys etc on the roof you can delete the modules from the corresponding position Move the mouse pointer to the position the coordinates are shown in the dialogue header and click on the module to select it You can now delete the module by clicking on the Delete Element 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 28 PV express User Manual button in the top right hand corner of the dialogue or click with the right hand mouse key and select Delete from the pop up menu You can select a number of modules with the following key combinations CTRL Left mouse key Select a number modules anywhere on the roof SHIFT Left mouse key Select a column ALT Left mouse key Select a row In this way you can free up areas that cannot be covered With Cover Roof you can then close all of the gaps again For our example you should enter a roof area 7 5 m high and 18 m wide The edge distances should be approx two roof tiles so enter 0 5 m for lef
4. to reach a maximum output from the current and voltage MPP tracking 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Open Circuit Voltage The voltage level for a module with no load This is also temperature and irradiation dependent Short Circuit Current The current flowing through a short circuited module This is also temperature and irradiation dependent Fill Factor The fill factor is calculated as follows FF MPP Current MPP Voltage Short Circuit Current Open Circuit Voltage Specified Output Module output under standard test conditions STC according to the manufacturer s data sheets The actual output is determined from the module voltage and current and is given in the Calculated Output field To determine the installed PV output PV express always uses the Calculated Output Efficiency Module efficiency under standard test conditions Active Solar Surface Area For simulation the programme uses the following formula to determine the Active Solar Surface Area from the Calculated Output and Efficiency Nominal Output STC 1000 W m ETA STO Active Solar Surface Area 3 6 3 3 UI Characteristics at STC Temperature Coefficients Voltage Coefficient This value expresses the corresponding increase in voltage when the module temperature increases by one degree The hotter the module the smaller the voltage i e this coefficient is negative Current
5. Dokumente und Einstellungen All Users nwendungsdaten Valentin EnergieSoftware pVdatab amp Reset to Standard Directories Cancel System Check This is where you set the design temperature for the calculation of the open circuit voltage This is used for the system check Settings Programme Directories System Check Update Check Design Temperature for Calculation of Max Open Circuit Voltage EIN Cancel 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 18 PV express User Manual Click on the Info button at the bottom of the main PV express screen to take a look at the general information on your programme such as the version number and details on your hardware and operating system You can also register your software from here Select the tabs at the top of the Info window to get to the corresponding sheet On the Further Information tab sheet you will find a Mail button which you can use to send a query to the Valentin hotline When you click on this button your e mail programme will open automatically All the information that we require in addition to your hotline query are already entered in the text area Your serial number and key code are included on the Registration tab sheet provided that the programme has been activated You can also change or renew the registration by clicking on the Change Registration button Click on the Help button to
6. No problem Send us the invoice for the programme with your contact details and we will send you the Serial Number again 1 5 4 Request a Key Code After entering the Serial Number and automatic allocation of the Programme ID you will need to provide us with this information so that we can send you your Key Code You will see the following window on your screen Registration Enter Serial Number Serial Number 21464 011T 101 BS0Q 1 DA36 Q Y BSO0Q AGQ Programme ID 48B93344 Request Key Code Registration by 3 Online E Mail Enter Key Code Key Code 4 1 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual You can request the Key Code in a number of different ways but the quickest way to do this is online 1 5 4 1 Request a Key Code Online This is the simplest and quickest method requiring that your computer has internet access Click on the Online button underneath Programme ID in the Registration window A form opens in which you enter the data required to obtain a Key Code The fields marked have to be completed to continue The serial number and programme ID are included automatically After completing the form you can send it straight off to the programme manufacturer via the internet You will receive the Key Code in just a few minutes It will be sent to the e mail address entered on the form 1 5 4 2 Request a Key Code by E Mail If on the other hand you click on the E M
7. PV Array Generated Energy alternating current side The energy generated on the AC side of the PV array is the energy produced by the inverter and with full feed in is supplied to the grid Module cabline and inverter losses are taken into account PV Array Irradiation The irradiation onto the tilted PV array surface is the solar energy that remains available after subtraction of shade Roof Integrated Roof integrated means that the roof cladding has been partially removed and replaced with the modules themselves Roof Parallel Roof parallel means that the modules are mounted a distance above the roof cladding but are parallel to it Short Circuit Current A module s short circuit current Ik is usually given by the manufacturer for standard test conditions STC Since the module current is also temperature dependent the maximum short circuit current occurs both with very low temperatures e g 10 C and maximum irradiation Specific Annual Yield To calculate the specific annual yield of a PV system the annual energy generated on the alternating current side is measured against the PV area or output of the system STC Standard Test Conditions Standard test conditions were introduced to make it possible to compare module outputs They represent the conditions under which the parameters on the data sheets were determined These are a temperature of 25 C 1000 W m irradiation and an AM factor von 1 5 The AM air mas
8. e Additional space on your hard disk drive for the meteorological data up to 94MB for full installation e CD ROM drive e 1024x768 screen resolution Operating System with the latest service pack e Windows 2000 e Windows XP System Requirements e Internet Explorer 5 01 or higher e Data Access Components MDAC 2 8 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 1 4 Programme Installation To install the programme put the programme CD into your computer s CD drive The installation programme will start automatically and you will be taken through the installation procedure step by step unless the CD drive autorun function has been deactivated on your computer If the autorun function has been deactivated you will need to start the Setup exe file which is on the CD To do this you can start File Manager or Explorer and double click on the Setup exe file in the CD drive If you install T SOL express onto a computer with WIN2000 or WinXP you will need to have administrator access to the operating system To run the programme you will need to have full rights read and write to the T SOL express programme directory e g CAProgramme Valentin EnergieSoftware TSOLexpress 1 0 1 5 Programme Activation After installing and opening the programme a small window appears asking whether you wish to start the programme as a Demo Version or Register the Full Programme This dialogue appea
9. 60 210Wp 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 230Wp 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 225Wp 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 220WWp 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 215Wp 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 235Wp 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 205Wp 1000 00 Activasun SRS170 24 M 1000 00 Advent Solar Advent 180 750 00 Advent Solar Advent 160 750 00 Advent Solar Advent 170 750 00 Advent Solar Advent 165 750 00 Advent Solar Advent 175 750 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy ET M572 160W 1000 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 155W 715 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 175W 715 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 170W 715 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 160W 715 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy ET M572 175W 1000 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy ET M572 170W 1000 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy ET M572 165W 1000 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy ET M572 155W 1000 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 165W 715 00 This is how you select a module Click on the corresponding column header to sort the database by Manufacturer Type Output or Voltage Click again on the same column heading to change the sort direction If you type in the first character of the text you want to find in the column that has been selected you will jump direct to the first entry with this character If you only want to show modules from a particular manufacturer you can select a manufacturer in the Show Manu
10. Coefficient This value expresses the corresponding increase in current amps when the module temperature increases by one degree The hotter the module the higher the current i e this coefficient is positive 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 40 PV express User Manual Power Coefficient The hotter the module the lower the power output The Power Coefficient is negative and is given as a percentage of the Nominal Output Maximum System Voltage for Module V Each electrical appliance can only bear a certain maximum voltage This value expresses the maximum voltage that a sub array can bear to ensure that the modules are not damaged If the Maximum Voltage is too high you should reduce the number of modules in series Module Characteristic Values STC Temperature Coefficient Voltage Coefficient 116 320 my K Electricity Coefficient 2 706 mA K Leistungskoeffzient 0 430 Sh K Maximum System Voltage B70 0 M Speichern I Speichern unter Click on the Save As button to save the newly created module under a name of your choice This will be saved in the module database and will be available for future project design 3 6 4 Inverter Click on Edit Selection to load an inverter data record from the list check the values and if necessary make amendments Click on Save or Save As to save the values entered either in the existing record or in a new reco
11. Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 46 PV express User Manual 4 3 Balance of Costs The Tax Deductible Investments are the total costs that are required for building the system and need to be entered as an absolute amount Subsidies and Operating Costs can be entered as an absolute amount a specific amount in relation to the total output or as a percentage of the investments The Feed in Payment Received in First Year is calculated from the feed in tariff and the amount from the simulation and is then entered in the field on this page in advance This amount cannot be changed 4 4 Financing Reference Here you can give the loan a name which will then appear in the Project Report Loan Capital The amount of credit with the calculation based on interest and repayment The loan amount can be entered as an absolute currency amount or as a percentage of the investment volume Investment Volume is understood here as the investments plus one off payments less subsidies Payment Instalment as a Percentage of the Loan Capital Discount This value specifies which percentage amount of the loan capital entered is actually paid out The loan amount paid is based on the loan capital multiplied by the disbursement rate Period The loan repayment period Loan Interest Nominal Interest Rate to be paid on the remaining debt Repayment Free Initial Years During this period no repayments but only interest payments are made In the
12. be adhered to Scaffolding should be used with a system to protect installers from falling the site should be cordoned off and measures taken to protect against falling materials 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 54
13. checks whether your system components have been sensibly sized and configured Output currents MPP voltage and open circuit voltage are checked Detailed information on possible mismatches is given in the corresponding dialogue System Check Output Check PY Output per Inverter AC Nennleistung des Wechselrichters Dimensionierungsfaktor Ev Leistung STC AC Nennleistung Permissible Sizing Factor MPP Voltage Check Inverter MPP Tracking Range 125 440V PV Array MPP Voltage at 70 C 1000 W m or 241 374V 10 C 1000 W m Currents Check Currentthrough Cabling under STC Max Capacity of Insulated Copper Wiring Group C Rel Cabling Losses under STC max Strom durch Wechselrichter bei 25 GGG und 1000 W mQUU Max Inverter Input Current Upper Voltage Threshold Check Inverter Max System Voltage Module Max System Voltage P Generator Leerlaufspannung bei 10 GGG und 1000 W mQUU No discrepancies found Please observe any design recommendations made by the manufacturer 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 35 PV express User Manual 3 5 Results The yields of the solar system are shown on the Results page The individual parameters are explained under Definitions in the Help facility Click on the Project Report button to open the Print Preview of the report Click on the Start button to start the Economic Efficiency Prognosis Click on the Save button to save the projec
14. determined under standard test conditions STC i e at 1000W irradiation and 25 C cell temperature The MPP and open circuit voltages are in fact dependent on the irradiation and cell temperature Figure 1 shows the module voltage output for different levels of irradiation Figure 2 shows the module voltage output for different temperatures P U Kennlinien bei 1 000 W m Ww 130 4 120 4 110 3 100 4 90 E 3 80 4 o 4 3 60 4 50 E 3 40 4 30 3 20 4 10 4 0 20 4 0 60 80 12 0 16 0 20 0 24 0 V P U Kennlinie 0 C P U Kennlinie 25 C P U Kennlinie 50 C P U Kennlinie 75 C Fig 2 PV Module Output Module Voltage for Different Temperatures This makes it clear that the maximum MPP voltage occurs at a low temperature and high irradiation e g z B 10 C 1000 W m and the minimum MPP voltage occurs at a high temperature and low irradiation The highest MPP voltages therefore occur on cold winter days with high solar radiation High module temperatures and low irradiation can occur in summer on partially cloudy days when the modules are heated up by strong solar radiation which reduces when the clouds cover the sun This leads to an additional voltage range with a fluctuation zone of 50 The inverter should be fit for both of the extremes in the range and of course for all the values in between 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware Gm
15. remaining time up to the end of the period the loan capital is repaid in instalments 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Repayment Interval Interest and instalments are paid at these intervals 4 5 Results The main results of the economic efficiency calculation are shown here The Results shown here also appear in the Project Report The system s Capital Value and the Electricity Production Costs are always calculated The Amortization Period and the Net Yield are related to the amount of self financing used Therefore these results can only be calculated when the amount of self financing is greater than zero If the investment is partly financed by borrowed capital the programme calculates a Minimum System Operating Period following which the amount of self financing used and the loan payments have been recouped f the Minimum System Operating Period is greater than the Amortization Period the Minimum System Operating Period is given Amortization Period The period required to get to the point when the capital value of the investment first becomes positive Electricity Production Costs The Electricity Production Costs are the annual costs divided by the amount of electricity produced The annual costs result from the Cash value of annual costs One off Payments Loan Payments Self Financing Multiplied by the Annuity Factor Capital Value The Capital Value is calculat
16. 06 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 2 General Programme Structure 2 1 Welcome Page The Welcome page opens automatically when you start the programme 74 PV express for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems BK PV express is a valuable tool for the planning and design of solar electric systems Welcome To go on to the next stage click on Continue or click on the icons on the left of the screen You can enter the details for your company under Settings The details will then appear on the results report Manual oO S ny p lt E 4 E Further information is available from Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH Stralauer Platz 34 10243 Berlin Germany Inverter Results Databases E Mail infoQvalentin de pv soL Internet www valentin de Take a look at our other PV programmes full details and fee demo verisons are available on the website Back Continue gt gt Settings This page contains a general description of the programme Click on the User Manual link to open the manual pdf file You can click on the corresponding icon to find out more about the extensive solar thermal simulation programme PV SOL Professional The link will take you to the detailed information on the Valentin Energy Software website 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 15 PV express User Manual 2 2 Moving Around the Programme The programme window is divided into different
17. 90 48 35 26663 1027 7 48 53 47 36221 1010 9 72 50 88 97688 1060 10 08 50 20 97688 1060 10 08 50 20 97688 1060 10 08 50 20 55543 1063 7 87 49 85 33175 965 8 83 5178 93646 1134 1157 4775 96047 1065 10 90 49 90 83461 1099 13 00 47 63 18528 1029 13 45 54 43 10000 1009 13 42 52 53 54470 1036 7 08 49 92 66802 1086 6 70 49 27 66802 1086 6 70 49 27 o anann aan aan anan C Dokumente und EinstelungemAl Users Anwendungsdaten valentin EnergieSoftware Meteo Germany Berlin wbv Load File If you have installed climate data for a number of countries you can first select the country from the Country Selection field at the top of the dialogue When you have selected a country only the data records for that country will be shown For our example project select Germany Click on a column heading to sort the database either by city postal code longitude or latitude This will help you to find the data record closest to the project location Click again on the same column to sort in the opposite direction If you type in the first character of the text you want to find in the column that has been selected you will jump direct to the first entry with this character Sonnenheim is located for example close to Kassel Therefore you should click on the Location column heading and enter a k The first location starting with the letter k is then shown Move down and select Kassel and then click on OK Alternativ
18. IUS IG15 34 5 Modules x 13 Strings 93 7 2 Modules x 17 Strings 94 2 1x FRONIUS IG30 60 1xFRONIUSIG20 39 4 Modules x 15 Strings 86 5 3 Modules x 13 Strings 78 1 2 x FRONIUS IG15 30 1x FRONIUS IG15 39 2 Modules x 15 Strings 83 1 3 Modules x 13 Strings 108 1 endann Start Search 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Click on the Inverter Combination Selection button to open the dialogue Select an inverter manufacturer in the dialogue The matching inverters and the corresponding configurations are calculated and shown for the manufacturer selected The inverter configurations are normally sorted according to the dimensioning factor PV peak power maximum DC power input Click on the individual column heading to sort the table according to the column criteria Click on OK to accept the inverter configuration into your project FA inverter Selection Inverter Type DC Power Rating FRONIUS 16500 40 FRONIUS 16400 32 FRONIUS 16390 FRONIUS 16300 24 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 150 12 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 120 10 FRONIUS IG Plus 100 2 8 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 100 1 8 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 70 2 6 5 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 70 1 6 5 FRONIUS IG60HV 46 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 35 FRONIUS 1640 3 5 MIFRONIUS IG Plus 50 4 FRONIUS 1630 2 5 FRONIUS 1620 18 FRONIUS 1G15 O select deselect all If you don t want to use all of the inverter types available for a manufacturer in the c
19. SMA Solar Technology AG Inverter Type Sunny Boy SB SOOOTL 20 Installed Power 16 32 Gross PV Surface Area No of Modules Number of Inverters of same type No of Series x No of Modules Minimum Cable Cross Section Total Cable Length 253 68 453 3 5x20 3x17 0 25 1000 00 Direct Current Cabling to INV one way length Cable Cross Section System Configuration Control System Check lt lt Back Continue gt gt The inverter selection offers two modes Automatic and Manual n the Automatic mode you select an inverter configuration from a list ZA Configuration Selection Limit Inverter Selection Inverters from Manufacturer Fronius International Select Madule Inverter Configuration Number of Modules per Inverter No of Inverters Number of Inverter Types Inverter Type 1 Configuration 7 S A E 5 C O ge pss Factor 96 Total Sizing 2 1xFRONIUSIG20 60 1xFRONIUSIGiS 39 4 Modules x 15 Strings 120 1 3 Modules x 13 Strings 108 1 1xFRONIUSIG20 39 1xFRONIUSIG20 60 3 Modules x 13 Strings 78 1 4 Modules x 15 Strings 120 1 1xFRONIUSIG20 45 1xFRONIUSIG20 54 3 Modules x 15 Strings 90 1 3 Modules x 18 Strings 108 1 1xFRONIUSIG20 48 1xFRONIUSIG20 51 XR IG 4 Modules x 15 Strings 86 5 3 Modules x 16 Strings 96 1 3 Modules x 17 Strings 102 1 1xFRONIUSIGIS 39 Modules x 13 Strings 108 1 1x FRONIUS IG30 65 1x FRON
20. ail button in the Registration window this will open your e mail programme The text in the e mail is almost complete you just need to enter your customer details and send the e mail You will then receive the Key Code by e mail normally within a day The code will be sent to the e mail address entered on the form 1 5 4 3 Request a Key Code by Fax If you click on the Fax button underneath Programme ID in the Registration window a form opens for you to complete and print off Send the completed form by fax to 49 30 588 439 11 You will then receive the Key Code by fax within one working day You can also enter an e mail address to which the Key Code should be sent 1 5 4 4 Request a Key Code by Telephone If you do not have a fax or e mail internet access you can request a Key Code by telephone In this case you will need to give the Serial Number and the Programme ID over the phone 1 5 5 Enter the Key Code Once you receive the Key Code you will need to enter it by hand or copy and paste it into the field under Enter Key Code in the Registration window and then click on the OK button This completes the programme registration and activation procedure An information window appears with a message that registration has been completed and the programme is now fully functional 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Information i Your programme is now activated 2004 20
21. alid only for standard test conditions STC i e 25 C module temperature sunlight spectrum of AM 1 5 and 1000 W m irradiation Module Characteristic Values ic Data U Characteristic at Siamperatu Co STC Working Point MPP Voltage 28 24 MPP Current 7 97 peso Efficiency Ess Open Circuit Voltage 26 35 Short Circuit current 202 Specified Output 225 07 w Please Note The power output is related to the specifications provided in the data sheets The calculated output is used in the programme Speichern unter MPP Voltage MPP Current The power output of the modules is dependent on the module temperature and irradiation and the module voltage There is a current voltage characteristic curve for each module temperature and irradiation The working point on this curve determines the module s power output The MPP is the working point on the curve at which the module s power output is at a maximum maximum power point The MPP voltage and MPP current are temperature and irradiation dependent This means that the voltage and current entered here are only valid for standard test conditions For all other irradiation and temperature values there are other MPPs This has to be determined by the programme see Introduction In the PV system this job is done by the inverter The inverter controls the PV generator in such a way that exactly the right voltage is released to the modules
22. ar system is the peak output that would be produced by the system with vertical irradiation and 1000 W m It is therefore shown as Wp or kWp the p stands for peak Mounted Mounted systems are those with modules installed on a mounting system either free standing on the ground or on a flat roof MPP Maximum Power Point The module s power output is dependent on the irradiation temperature and also the voltage rate it is operated at The MPP is the point on the current voltage diagram at which the module produces its maximum output MPP Tracker The MPP tracker automatically sets the solar array s working point at its maximum Open Circuit Voltage A module s open circuit voltage U is usually given by the manufacturer for standard test conditions STC Since the module voltage is also temperature dependent the maximum open circuit voltage occurs both with very low temperatures e g 10 C and maximum irradiation Orientation See Azimuth Angle 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Performance Ratio The performance ratio is a measurement of the energy losses that occur within the system in comparison with the system s optimal operating conditions The actual solar energy produced is measured against the nominal output The nominal output is calculated from the irradiation onto the tilted PV surface multiplied by the module efficiency under standard test conditions 25 C 1000W m
23. areas to help you move around the programme quickly and easily 2 2 8 Navigation Area The left hand side of the programme window contains the active icons so that you can move directly to a particular page This part of the programme window is the Navigation Area Click on the icons to go to the page selected from any part of the programme whether before or after the page you are currently on 2 2 4 Programme Control Area There are a number of other buttons at the bottom of the programme window in the Programme Control Area to help you use the programme Click on Continue and Back to move to the next or previous page This allows you to work systematically through each page of the programme without missing any entries Click on Settings to open a window where you can enter and change the settings for your company and project data These details then appear automatically when you print your project results You only need to enter these details once and they are adopted for all the projects that you work on as long as the data is not changed The details appear in the project report header In addition to your company name and address you can also include your company logo Click on the Load Logo button to select the logo you want to use as you are accustomed to in Windows The logo must be in bitmap file format bmp To select the Programme Language use the drop down menu towards the bottom of the dialogue to select one of the
24. bH PV express User Manual Open Circuit Voltage In winter with low outside temperatures and high solar radiation if the system is not operating for what ever reason e g grid failure the maximum open circuit voltage can occur The open circuit voltage should not under any circumstances exceed the maximum DC input voltage for the inverter It is important to note therefore that it is not sufficient to simply select the modules according to the open circuit voltage given in the data sheet so that they do not exceed the inverter input voltage as the open circuit voltage in the data sheet is measured under STC i e 25 C Inverter MPP Range The inverter data sheets usually give details on the nominal voltage the MPP range and the maximum DC input voltage The nominal voltage is usually in the middle of the MPP range i e within the range in which the inverter is able to find the maximum power point The higher the input voltage the greater the tracking area must be With some manufacturers e g SMA however the nominal voltage is identical to the MPP range upper limit and also to the maximum input voltage Matching Modules and Inverters It is not an easy task to configure modules and inverters in such a way that none of the upper voltage levels are exceeded and all of the lower levels are reached The total of open circuit voltages for the modules at 10 C und 1000W per string should not exceed the maximum input voltag
25. by E Mail ss 13 1 5 4 8 Request a Key Code by Fax ssssessss 13 1 5 4 4 Request a Key Code by Telephone 13 1 5 5 Enter the Key Codes cci E De IEEE BM DEN 13 2 General Programme Structure cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 15 2 Welcome PagGu iudi ei e DIR et d edt oct tei e inq edes 15 2 2 Moving Around the Programme ssssssseene 16 2 2 3 NAVIGATION Area eese riri dns enr inpr cundo mbes 16 2 2 4 Programme Control Area ssssssssseeeeee 16 3 Creating Projects with PV express eeeeeeseeeeereeeeeneee 20 3 1 Example Project cccccccceeeeeeeeseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 20 3 2 BITE ostendet een eie aee eret iuda uer 21 337 UP rci 25 3 3 3 Module Selection Dialogue essseeeesesss 27 3 3 4 Roof Parameters DialoQue cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeees 28 BF MAVENS ETE 32 3 5 TAGSUNS inte etter tice o A A ters 36 3 0 DalaD8Se siint hebetes bu ohedehetahebieelatenihbehehieebelat 37 3 6 3 Module Characteristic Values essessesssssss 38 GOO Basic Da oes do A LL LL At 38 3 6 3 2 Ul Characteristics at STC esessseuuusss 39 3 6 3 3 Ul Characteristics at STC sessseuuuss 40 34 4 Invento etic tree cased delebo deae
26. ccur Particularly for flat rooves it is important to ensure that the fixing elements and cable inlets 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 53 PV express User Manual are carefully sealed Waterproofing foil for example must be carefully sealed During the installation work damage to the roof cladding should also be avoided e The mounting system must also stand up to extreme weather conditions and heavy storms Only tested fixing elements should therefore be used e f the PV modules are going to be installed on a roof it is important to check before installation whether the roof construction will be able to support the extra load If necessary a structural engineer should be consulted e fthe cable insulation is damaged it is possible that an electric arc can form between the wires which can possibly cause a fire Please therefore note that the use of special cabling is required as per the current regulations DANGER PROCEED WITH CAUTION Solar modules cannot be switched off They produce direct current voltage when exposed to light If number of modules are connected together an extremely high and dangerous current of many hundred volts is produced The corresponding safety class must be adhered to Contact with the live parts of the system can therefore cause serious injury or even death If necessary system connection should be carried out at night For roof installation the current safety standards must
27. d a new data record click on New and the corresponding dialogue to enter parameters for an inverter or PV module will open 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 37 PV express User Manual 3 6 3 Module Characteristic Values The parameters for a module are entered on the various pages of this dialogue These values can be saved in the database and are then available for use in the programme 3 6 3 1 Basic Data Manufacturer aimex solar GmbH Type Ganymed M225 Output Tolerance 5 00 Cell Ty 5i Monocrystalline X Module Dimensions Width m Height m Ess l Speichern unter Manufacturer and Type You can enter a text up to 50 characters long Output Tolerance The module values given are subject to certain fluctuations when manufactured This is of interest above all for the current voltage and output data Cell Type Most cells are made of either monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicium and a few are of amorphous silicium Other types are however due to appear on the market soon Module Dimensions Height Width Height and width determine the module area and therefore the area of the PV generator This area which relates to the module dimensions is called the gross area in the programme 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 38 PV express User Manual 3 6 3 2 UI Characteristics at STC The entries on this page are v
28. e At the same time the MPP voltage for the modules should be from 10 C 1000W to approx 60 C 100W within the inverter s MPP tracking limits If this is not the case losses to the solar yield will occur as the inverter at least in extreme situations is not able to take on the maximum possible power 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Yield Prognosis When calculating the annual yield it is important that the programme takes account of the inverter s tracking range limits and not to simply assume that the modules and inverter were selected to match optimally The simulation programme PV express can provide some very useful assistance in this area The programme has the advantage of being able to generate U I and efficiency curves from the data contained in the extensive module and inverter databases The user is able to take at look at the way the components function and react to different levels of irradiation and temperature in a series of graphs and tables This data is also used for the simulation during which the characteristic curves are continuously scanned as the inverter also does in practice The outside temperatures for the locations are available for the calculation of module temperatures In this way the programme is able to realistically illustrate the interaction between the generator and the inverter and to even recognise and draw attention to any errors This is where the t
29. e requires 7 points of support i e the efficiency at 0 5 10 20 30 50 and 100 of the nominal output From these points of support the European efficiency is then determined and shown If any changes are made the efficiency is recalculated only after you exit the dialogue 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 44 PV express User Manual 4 Economic Efficiency Prognosis The Economic Efficiency Prognosis is started from the Results page by clicking on the Start button The capital value net present value method is used for the economic efficiency calculation i e the cash value of the costs and yields are determined and compared A positive capital value means that the investment can be evaluated positively in economic terms Note PV express uses the currency that is set as the standard currency in your computer s operating system If for example you want to calculate in pounds sterling and the euro sign appears on your screen you simply need to change the currency from to in the Country Settings 4 1 Calculation Basis 74 PV express Economic Efficiency Prognosis TOX m INIENTIN i i NERGIESOFTWARE 1 t f Calculation Basis Calculation Basis General Parameters gt Balance of Costs Peak PV Power 9 79 kWp D Financing X WM Electricity Supplied to Grid in First Year 5987 kwWh a Economic Efficiency Start Date 01 01 2008 Calculate Feed in Feed in Tarif
30. ed from the Cash Value of all Annual Costs Cash Value of all Annual Lodgements and Savings Cash Value of Loan Payments Cash Value of Tax Payments 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 48 PV express User Manual One off Payments Subsidies Self Financing Net Yield The Net Yield is calculated according to the internal interest rate method Capital interest is increased up to the point at which the Capital Value of the investment becomes less than zero The result can be interpreted as follows Providing one s own capital self financing for the investment is as good as investing one s own capital in a bank at the interest rate of the net yield 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 49 PV express User Manual 5 Attachments 5 1 Definitions Azimuth Angle Orientation The orientation or azimuth angle describes the angle of deviation of the module surface from the south in the northern hemisphere and from the north in the southern hemisphere It is 0 when the surface is facing due south The azimuth is positive when facing west and negative when facing east East 90 south east 45 south west 45 and west 90 Grid Feed in The solar energy fed into a public electricity grid Inclination Tilt Angle Describes the angle between the horizontal and the module surface It is 90 if the modules are facade mounted Installed Output The installed output of a sol
31. ely you can click on the Postal Zip Code column heading to sort by postal code Type in 3 and the first location that has a postal code starting with 3 is selected Click on OK to accept the data record into the project and return to the Start page 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 23 PV express User Manual In the Shade drop down menu you will find a number of predefined shade scenarios You should load the scenario which most closely matches your project location If there is no shade at the project location then you should select Clear Horizon A percentage figure for the estimated reduction in irradiation for each shade scenario is shown in the field below the Shade menu This parameter is reached for the location Kassel with an orientation to the south and a module inclination of 30 degrees Different locations orientations and inclinations will produce different reductions for the selected scenario The actual situation with a pre set shade scenario the selected location the orientation and the tilt angle is precisely taken account of during simulation For example for the location Sonnenheim the following selection is made Tree Shade West Whole Year To go on to the next stage click on Continue or use the next icon in the Navigation Area on the left 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 24 PV express User Manual 3 3 PV Array You can select the modules for your project on t
32. eode cede edidi ae 41 3 b41 GharacterislbS uui EUER DEDERIS 41 3 6 4 2 X Efficiency Characteristic Curve sssssse 44 4 Economic Efficiency PIOGhOSIS epo ente epcte xe ueri eu cte bad 45 4 1 2Caloulaldhi BAasle 4 o5 eta sete tee qut e dpa ede 45 42 Basic ParamoeltGrSu ieu rione EN OARE 46 4 3 Balance of GOSIS a oa gea gu need ted eint 47 AA FIDalclin sus teet te Dottor pete d ae cte tete nete de ioter noted 47 4 5 FAGSUNS coi ete oiii e tds dedita isa ist uad 48 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 5 Attachments eeann aeie aaee m mm T 50 5 JEOHBIHOTS nnana a e Er a re aai 50 5 2 Information on Planning Solar Electric Systems 53 5 37 Safety IDs GO aseo eee beso Ho etal Ears tetas 53 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 1 Introduction 1 4 Programme Information PV express is the quick and easy design programme for grid connected photovoltaic systems PV express has been developed for use by sales staff and skilled technicians who need a reliable tool to design grid connected systems quickly and precisely The programme is user friendly with just a few clearly laid out dialogues allowing each project to be completed quickly easily and reliably PV express ensures reliability in the planning process by testing the interaction of modules and inverters plus the cabling cross sections and recogn
33. f EEG 2007 f r ebenerdige Anlagen Load Payment from Tariff Feed in Payment for the first 20 years plus the year of operation start es nj 0 3798 e kwh System Output Reduction due to Age Degradation 0 00 96 Output Reduction Continue On the Calculation Basis page the PV Peak Power and the Electricity Supplied to Grid for the PV system being calculated are automatically adopted The values cannot be changed With the Set Feed in Payment the period of validity is 20 full years plus the first incomplete year The value entered for the Start Date the date the system started operating therefore has a direct influence on the 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 45 PV express User Manual calculation If the Start Date is in the second half of the year the amount that you are able to offset against tax in that year could be reduced by 50 The annual costs are proportionally allocated for the year the system started operating Select Calculate Feed in Payment from Tariff and click on the Load button you can load or amend an existing tariff Click on Degradation to define the reduction in power for the modules during the calculation period 20 years Degradation is the reduction in power for the modules resulting from the age of the modules Manufacturers usually guarantee 80 of the specified output after 20 years The actual power reduction for high quality modules is however le
34. facturer drop down menu at the top of the dialogue Otherwise you can click on the column heading Manufacturer and for example enter a B so that modules from BP are shown The module you want to use can then be quickly found and selected The highlighted module is adopted into your project with OK or a double click You then go back to the PV Array page Note If you want to use a module that is not in the database you can enter and save the parameters on the Database page so that it will be available for future use in the Module Selection dialogue 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 27 PV express User Manual 3 3 4 Roof Parameters Dialogue You can enter the measurements for a roof here and then cover the roof with the possible number of modules that you have previously selected Click on the white space surrounding the roof to change the labels Eaves Gable End West etc Click on the roof or the module area and you can enter on the right of the screen the height and width of the roof area and the distance of the modules from the edge of the roof and between each other Roof Parameters No of Modules per Roof Qt Qc Coordinate poo T Installed Powe kwp Cover Roof Height so s m width 18 000 m Edge Ded so Es Edge bee oso a fe Edge icis ps E Distance l beween 100 H sanae 20 ejm Module Installation Horizontal O vertical In E o o e o
35. gramme Continue This involves the following steps 1 Enter serial number 2 Programme ID is allocated 3 Request key code 4 Enter key code Help Cancel Click on Continue to start the registration procedure 1 5 3 Enter the Serial Number If you purchased the programme from the manufacturer you will already have a Serial Number You will find this on the CD cover on the invoice or we will have sent it to you by e mail The Serial Number has the following format 12345 123T 123 1NN 1 VW2R RY Z62 AGNH1 It needs to be entered exactly as it appears including all character and without any spaces After the Serial Number has been entered the programme allocates a Programme ID which is based on the Serial Number and a code for your PC 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Registration Enter Serial Number Serial Number 21454 011T 101 BS00Q 1 DA36 QY BS0Q AG Programme ID 48B93344 You Still Don t Have a Serial Number This could be the case if for example you have installed the programme from the Demo CD or you have downloaded it from the internet You will need to purchase a full version of the programme before you can receive a Serial Number Send us the Order Form which you can print within the programme under Info Registration or you can purchase the programme direct from the OnlineShop on our website You ve Purchased the Programme and Can t Find Your Serial Number
36. he Continue button to the right of the Programme Control Area or click on the Start icon in the Navigation Area 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 20 PV express User Manual 3 2 Start You can either create a new project or open an existing project on this page You should enter an easily recognisable name for the project that you wish to create so that you can easily find the project later on when you want to work on the project again or make any changes The name that you enter will be automatically saved as the file name Projects are either saved to the default directory called projects or to another directory if you prefer All projects saved should have the file ending tva and are normally saved in the following programme directory C Documents and Settings USER Own Files Valentin EnergieSoftware PVexpress 2 0 projects Type in a name e g PV System in Sonnenheim If you select Work on Existing Project you can open a project that has been previously created and saved Click on Search to get to the directory where your files are saved and look at the list of existing projects Select the project that has been saved under the file name Example f PV express for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems Design New Project New Project O work on Existing Project Search Customer Meteorological Data Selection Berlin Clear Horizon po The yield reducti
37. his page Click on the Select button to open an extensive list of modules available in the database You have the choice of three installation types Mounted means that the modules are mounted e g on a frame on the ground or on a flat roof Roof Parallel should be selected if there is some ventilation space between the modules and the roof cladding And Roof Integrated should be selected if the modules replace the roof cladding where they are positioned For this example system you should click on Roof Parallel There are three ways to enter the PV array output e With the selection Define Output you can enter the target output e g 9 9 KWp in the corresponding field The field below then shows the corresponding number of modules You should enter the figure only without the unit e With Define Module Number you enter the number of modules and the output is immediately calculated and shown in the PV Array Output field e With Determine Output from Roof Area you are able to define the array output using an image of the roof area Click on the Roof Parameters button to get to the dialogue of the same name 74 PV express for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems 2 Ce PV Array Module Type Selection PY SOL Example 36 W Installation Type Array Output O Mounted Roof Parallel Define Module Number No of Modules 453 O Roof Integrated O Determine Output from Roof Area Roof Par ameters Tilt Angle Sola
38. ising sizing errors The selection of modules and inverters is supported by an extensive database The number of modules required after selection of a module type from the database list is determined either by entering the power output or by sketching the module layout in a diagram of the roof surface With PV express you are able to determine the generator output through a diagram of the available roof surface With PV express you can also select from a number of pre defined shade scenarios so that this will be accounted for in the calculation of output The programme has a large selection of climate data for locations in Europe and worldwide By entering the tilt angle and orientation a detailed calculation of the output is carried out for the system components selected The calculation is based on PV SOL Professional s calculation algorithms and the yield provides the basis for the programme s economic efficiency calculation PV express produces a simple project report with clear presentation of all system data and results as well as a system overview that you can present to your customers The project report can be printed out and can also be saved in PDF format and sent out by e mail PV express is thus a valuable tool for the planning and design of solar electric systems 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 1 2 System Basics Yield Optimisation with Simulation and Calculation Output vo
39. languages available 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Settings Programme Directories System Check Update Check Internet Updates Check Now Automatically 1x per Day on Starting Pv express O use Proxy Proy UU E Database Import Local Directory Update Check PV SOL is able to check via the internet when the programme is first started whether a new release or an updated database is available and if required download and install You can switch off this function if you do not have an internet connection or if you want to regularly check manually for updates by using the Check Now button Here you are also able to set the directories where a PV express database pvsol mdb is kept Instead of via the internet the database will then be checked for new entries A check for new releases does not take place with this option Directory On this tab sheet you set the directories where PV express searches for projects climate data and database data 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 17 PV express User Manual Settings Programme Directories System Check Update Check instellungen martin s ALENTINNEigene Dateien valentin EnergieSoftwareYPVExpress 3 0 Projects Climate Data C Dokumente und Einstellungen All Users nwendungsdaten Valentin EnergieSoftware Meteo amp Further Database Units C
40. ltage and current are strongly dependent on both solar radiation and cell temperature The maximum power point MPP is therefore not to be found in a fixed voltage but in strongly fluctuating voltages The yield of a PV system depends on the extent that the inverter is able to adapt to these changing conditions find each MPP tracking and thus operate the solar generator at its maximum power If a system has lower yields than expected or calculated this is often because the range of fluctuation for the generator s MPP voltage is not optimally matched to the inverter s tracking range A further reduction in yield occurs if multiple strings are connected to the inverter which have different voltages for example due to tolerances different module sizes or shade The inverter is only able to operate one of the strings at optimum power with the exception of multi string inverters P U Kennlinien bei 25 C coo oo mn 1L 1L mm slasi ul P U Kennlinie 100 W m P U Kennlinie 200 W m P U Kennlinie 500 W m P U Kennlinie 800 W m P U Kennlinie 1 000 W m Fig 1 PV Module Output Module Voltage for Different Levels of Irradiation 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Fluctuations in the Module MPP Voltages The module data sheets usually give details on the nominal output nominal voltage or MPP voltage and open circuit voltage This data is
41. on caused by shading is set for W rzburg with the array orientation due south and an inclination of 30 Changes to these parameters can lead to variations in the yield reduction Databases Continue gt gt Settings 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 21 PV express User Manual Click on the Customer button to open a dialogue where you can enter and change the contact details for the project customer ot Customer Details Customer No Name Street Post Zip Code City Notes Cancel You also select the climate data for the project location in the Start dialogue Click on Select to open an extensive list of climate data records for Germany and other countries depending on which data records you selected when the programme was installed The postal codes longitudes and latitudes will help you to find the data record closest to the project location 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 22 PV express User Manual After clicking on the Select button you will see the following list Zi Load Climate Data Country Selection GERMANY X Post Code Annual Irradiation kWh m a Longitude Latitude BI 52072 1010 6 07 50 78 92224 1051 11 87 49 43 16278 1026 14 02 53 02 17381 1048 13 70 53 87 91522 1080 10 60 49 30 18556 1036 1343 54 68 59759 952 8 05 51 38 06556 1021 11 28 51 38 63701 1051 9 17 49 97 86150 1140 10
42. onfiguration calculation then you should open the Inverter Selection dialogue via the Limit Inverter Selection button and select the inverter models that you want to use After closing the dialogue a new calculation of the inverter configurations takes place In the Manual mode you are able to define the system yourself 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 33 PV express User Manual 74 PV express for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems configuration Selection O automatic Scale Welcome No of Inverter Types Inverter Manufacturer EE Inverter Type Installed Power Gross PV Surface Area No of Modules Number of Inverters of same type No of Series x No of Modules NB You are able to edit the coloured fields Minimum Cable Cross Section 0 25 Total Cable Length 1000 00 Direct Current Cabling to INV one way length Cable Cross Section m System Configuration Control System Check Continue gt gt This allows you to set the complete configuration The blue areas in the table can be edited Click with the mouse on the cell that you want to change You can then either make a selection e g Manufacturer or enter a value in the cell When you click out of the cell the value will be adopted into the project You can test the entries with the System Check 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual The System Check facility
43. open the help text for the programme page that you are currently on You can use the navigation area in the help window to go direct to other help texts or you can use the Index or Search tabs to search for particular texts Click on the Exit button to close the programme A message window usually appears asking whether you want to save the current project 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 3 Creating Projects with PV express 3 1 Example Project Here we will use an example project to illustrate how you set up a project in PV express This example project is also saved within the programme The data that you require to create the example project are as follows Project Name PV system in Sonnenheim Climate File Kassel Shade Tree shade west whole year Module Type BP Solar BP 3150S 150 Watt Installation Roof parallel Module Alignment Horizontal Generator Output Determined from roof area Output 9 9 kWp from roof area Number of Modules 66 from roof area Tilt Angle 45 Orientation Azimuth South east 45 Inverter Fronius International Sunrise Micro 0 85kW Length of Direct Current Cabling 10m Cable Cross Section 4 mm To start with the programme will determine the possible PV array output from the available roof area in respect of the above parameters It will then calculate the expected average annual yield in kWh If you are still on the Welcome page click on t
44. operating the modules at the MPP Optimum system operation is however only possible if the fluctuation range for the modules or module strings is within the inverter s tracking range e Since the modules only rarely reach their maximum power with low temperatures and maximum solar radiation the inverters are usually only configured for 9096 of the module output e The optimum tilt angle and orientation of a grid connected solar electric system is 30 facing south Minor deviations only produce a minor reduction to the yield e Module output reduces when the module temperature increases The modules should therefore have enough ventilation space to allow the modules to cool down This should be taken into consideration particularly for roof integrated modules e Shade onto a single cell causes a collapse in the output for the whole module Small areas of partial shading caused by antennae branches etc can therefore have a disproportionate effect on system yield e With tilt angles below 15 the self cleaning effect caused by rainwater is poor This can lead to reduced yields caused by a permanent layer of dirt on the module surface e n order to avoid planning errors and miscalculations it is necessary to carry out a detailed check of the system s location as part of a site visit 5 3 Safety Instructions e The function of the roof as a shelter against rain should not be affected by the system Otherwise long term damage can o
45. power ranges lt 20 and gt 20 of the nominal output The MPP Matching Efficiency values are taken into account during simulation to determine the Inverter Efficiency The inverter efficiency curve is given for the nominal voltage If the inverter is not operated at the nominal voltage the inverter efficiency curve changes accordingly Whether the efficiency curve goes up or down depends on whether the inverter has a transformer or not As a rule of thumb the following applies e With an increase in input voltage the efficiency of an inverter with a transformer decreases by approx 1 per 100 V e With an increase in input voltage the efficiency of an inverter without a transformer increases by approx 1 per 100 V 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 43 PV express User Manual 3 6 4 2 Efficiency Characteristic Curve The Efficiency Characteristic Curve tab opens the Inverter Characteristic Curve dialogue so that the conversion efficiency dependent on the input power can be entered The conversion efficiency is the ratio between the output power and the input power and is dependent on the momentary output of the inverter In the datasheets the figure for the efficiency is related to the nominal output although for most of the year this is not delivered by the PV system The part load operation is therefore very important for the simulation results To determine the characteristic curve the programm
46. r Generator Inclination 20 In which direction azimuth should the modules b a o be aligned 0 South 90 East 90 West 180 North Databases lt lt Back Continue gt gt Settings 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 25 PV express User Manual In the lower area you enter the target tilt angle and orientation for the modules 0 corresponds to hoziontal installation 90 to vertical installation The azimuth angle is given as the deviation from due south 0 corresponds to due south 90 corresponds to the east 90 corresponds to the west in respect of the northern hemisphere For a system on a pitched roof facing 45 to the south east 45 is entered for the tilt angle and 45 for the orientation The images help to make your entries clearer as they show the corresponding tilt angle and orientation Click on the Select button in the top part of the window to open the Module Selection dialogue Select Determine Output from Roof Area and then click on the Roof Parameters button to open the Roof Parameters dialogue 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 26 PV express User Manual 3 3 3 Module Selection Dialogue Module Selection Show manufacturer Show All S O Show Only User Created Data Records Manufacturer 4 Max System Voltage 38 Swiss Solar Systems MegaSlate Laminat 1316 975 poly 1000 00 a2peak Peak On P220
47. rd 3 6 4 1 Characteristics Manufacturer and Type You can enter a text up to 50 characters long 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 41 PV express User Manual DC Power Rating DC stands for direct current refers to the input side of the inverter The nominal output is the output specified for the inverter when in continuous operation Max PV Power This is the maximum power which according to the inverter manufacturer a solar system can have so that the inverter can be operated safely If the actual installed power is greater it will not necessarily damage the inverter but the inverter will not operate as effectively as possible Stand by Consumption Even when the inverter is not supplying energy to the grid or appliances the inverters own power consumption needs to be taken into account In addition to the stand by consumption there is also night consumption Inverter Characteristics Characteristic Values Characteristic Curve Efficiency Manufacturer Siemens zl Type SINVERT solar 4x 400 DC Power Rating 1680 00 kw Max DC Power 1860 00 aw AC Power Rating 1600 00 law Max DC n 1600 00 kw ating Stand by Consumption 60 00 WW Feed in from 2400 00 w Wi Night Consumption 45 00 Max Input Voltage 900 00 y Max Input Current 4088 00 4 Nom DC Voltage 550 00 v AC Power Rating 3 phase Number of inlets DC t No of MPP Trackers Lh E MPP Range Voltage Threshold
48. rs every time the programme is started until you have activated the programme successfully The Demo Version gives you the opportunity to test and familiarise yourself with the programme However you are not able to save any projects or print the results Once you have activated registered the software all programme functions will be fully available to you Register Programme E ENERGIESOFTWARE Register Full Version You can also carry out the registration procedure from within the programme To do this click on the Info button in the lower programme control bar and then on the Registration tab You can also use this option after you have already registered T SOL express and want to activate an update 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual Programme Activation is carried out by following the instructions requesting a Key Code and then entering it in the programme The Key Code is provided by the programme manufacturer on request First you will need to make sure that e You have a Serial Number e The programme has already been installed e When you start the programme you click on the License Full Version button Programme Activation is carried out in four steps e Enter Serial Number e Programme ID is Allocated e Request Key Code e Enter Key Code The corresponding dialogue introduces the registration procedure S Registration Welcome Welcome you can now activate your pro
49. rue strength of the programme lies A The programme configures the desired modules and the inverter optimally together and gives a warning if an optimal match is not possible B The system configuration can be checked at the click of a button with the System Check function which investigates the following five criteria 1 Do the inverter and generator outputs match taking the overload limits into account 2 Is the generators MPP voltage within the tracking range for the inverter 3 Is the PV generator open circuit voltage at 10 C and 1000W m below the maximum input voltage 4 ls the PV generator STC current below the maximum input current for the inverter 5 Has the cabling cross section thickness been selected so that losses are kept at a reasonable level If one of the above criteria is not fulfilled a warning is given so that the system configuration can be re checked and optimised The programme does not only support the calculation of the system yield but is also a valuable tool in the selection and conception of the system components In just a few minutes with the help of the programme it is possible to design systems reliably check for system errors and calculate system yields that can also be reached in practice 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 1 3 Computer System Requirements Hardware e Pentium I 266 MHz e 128 MB RAM e 24 MB free on your hard disk drive
50. s describes the entrance route of the irradiation through the atmosphere and thus the spectral composition of light System Efficiency The system efficiency is the quotient of the electrical energy produced on the alternating current side and the solar energy irradiated onto the PV array surface 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 51 PV express User Manual Tilt Angle See Inclination 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 52 PV express User Manual 5 2 Information on Planning Solar Electric Systems Solar electric systems are conceived for a lifespan of over 20 years In order to guarantee such a length of time in operation the design of the system must be carried out very carefully Only high quality weather and UV resistant materials should be used The system can only produce optimum yields if the components modules inverter s and cabling are correctly configured The following points therefore need to be taken into consideration e The module or module string voltages should on no account exceed the inverters maximum input voltage It should be noted that the maximum open circuit voltage occurs with low temperatures e g 10 C and maximum solar radiation e The modules produce maximum power dependent on irradiation and temperature at a particular voltage level This point is know as the Maximum Power Point MPP as per the U I diagram The inverter has the task of tracking this point and
51. ss e g 10 after 20 years 4 2 Basic Parameters Assessment Period Only complete years not including the year in which the system starts operation should be entered for the Assessment Period According to German standard VDI 6025 the Assessment Period is the time period of the planning base for the calculation of economic efficiency planning horizon The Assessment Period should be based on the investment with the shortest Service Life If the Service Life of an investment is less than the Assessment Period the investment will have to be repurchased If the Service Life of an investment is greater than the Assessment Period the investment will have a residual value at the end of the Assessment Period which is included in the capital value calculation Interest on Capital The Interest on Capital can be entered as the Rotating Net Yield The Rotating Net Yield is the average yield from fixed interest bonds securities The German Federal Bank determines this from the average yields on outstanding debt securities The Rotating Net Yield is therefore a measure of the interest level on the bond securities market Sales Tax This entry field does not influence the calculation but is there to make clear that all amounts should be entered either with or without Sales Tax As a rule all amounts should be entered as net sums However if you enter a gross amount you should make sure that all entries are gross 2004 2006
52. t and right The distance between modules should be 0 1 m Under Module Installation if Horizontal is selected the area can be covered with 70 modules 10 51kWp and if Vertical is selected the area can be covered with 57 modules 8 55kWp You should therefore select Horizontal For our example there is a chimney 8m from the right edge of the roof and 2m from the eaves Move the mouse pointer with the assistance of the values displayed for the X and Y Coordinates to this position click on the corresponding modules and delete the modules so that the system has 66 modules and 9 9kWp If you selected Mounted under the heading Installation in the PV Array window the following additional window will appear 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 29 PV express User Manual Roof Parameters Min Distance between Modules No of Modules per Roof 0 79 0 56 Beta 45 00 Gamma 13 86 Gamma at 21 12 12 00 Entries The minimum distance is calculated for azimuth 0 module orientation south Along with the sizing of the modules Alpha is entered to record an additional roof angle The minimum distance between the module strings is determined from the Gamma the angle of the sun on 21 December at 12 00 noon in the northern hemisphere to the horizontal and the installation angle of the modules If you want to use the calculated minimum distance for the roof layout select the op
53. t you are working on 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 36 PV express User Manual 3 6 Database On the Database page you are able to view the module and inverter databases that come with the programme You can make changes and additions to the databases from this page and user created data records can be deleted from the database 74 PV express for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems Inverter Welcome Manufacturer 4t Type Output Edit Selection 3S Swiss Solar Systems MegaSlate Laminat 1316 975 poly 136 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 210p 210 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 230Wp 230 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 225Wp 225 00 Show manufacturer a2peak Peak On P220 60 220p 220 00 Show All Se a2peak Peak On P220 60 215 Wp 215 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 235Wp 235 00 a2peak Peak On P220 60 205Wp 205 00 Activasun SRS170 24 M 170 00 Advent Solar Advent 180 180 00 Import Data Record Advent Solar Advent 160 160 00 Advent Solar Advent 170 170 00 Advent Solar Advent 165 165 00 Advent Solar Advent 175 175 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy ET M572 160W 160 00 Databases Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 155W 155 00 Agravis Raiffeisen AG Bionergy SF 160 24 M 175W 175 00 Amaia Pain iamm A micecemes OE AT a RA mm O show Only User Created Data Records eis lt lt Back Continue gt gt Settings Info To edit a data record click on the Edit Selection button To ad
54. tion Use Minimum Distance for Roof Mounting on the right of the window Click on OK to adopt the roof layout you have worked on and return to the PV Array window 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH 30 PV express User Manual System Check Output Check Currents Check Inverter Power Rating and Max Current through Cabling under STC Recommended Pv Output Max Capacity of Insulated Copper Wiring Group C PY Output per Inverter Rel Cabling Losses under STC Full Inverter Capacity under STC Current through Inverter under STC Max Inverter Input Current MPP Voltage Check Upper Voltage Threshold Check Inverter MPP Tracking Range 150 400V Inverter Max System Voltage PY Array MPP Voltage at 70 C 1000 W m or 273 402V 10 C 1000 W m Module Max System Voltage PY Array Open Circuit Voltage at 10 C 1000 W m No discrepancies found Please observe any design recommendations made by the manufacturer 2004 2006 Dr Valentin EnergieSoftware GmbH PV express User Manual 3 4 Inverter The inverter configuration for the project is defined on this page You are able to select up to three inverter types 74 PV express for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems Configuration Selection automatic Scale O Manually Welcome Inverter Combination Selection NB You are able to edit the coloured fields INV1 Inverter Manufacturer
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