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GIS in UNOMIG

1. GIS Project GOLF GIS Project HOTEL old map of U S S R the borders between the teams and the villages in GOLF AOR v L d Project 2 contains HOTEL AOR with the same n geodata then Project 1 but with the villages in Hotel SS _ instead of GOLF AOR b ME USSR oy In Project 1 we can define the color style of the teamborders as green and solid in Project 2 we can died 48 caloristyle as rad dashed However when we change the location of the bor der then we change the geodata and this will effect Project 1 and Project 2 simultaneously Be aware if you make a change on project level or on geodata level After editing changes make sure that you safe the project AND the geodata as well J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 13 Z 2 3 1 Create safe and open a Project Before adding geodata to a project you should set the project properties first Under Menu Settings Project Properties you have two Tabs Project Properties Project Properties General Coordinate Reference System General Coordinate Reference System CRS Title and colors Enable the fly CRS transformation Propet tise Coordinate Reference System 5 ES Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 3 Y Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 30 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 31 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 32 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 4 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone
2. J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 24 Z 3 5 2 Description of RFF Position GALI AOR only Filename RFF_Pos format Point Shape file RFF Position Russian Federation Forces such as CP HQ artillery position tranches or shelters Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Display name on the map Unit string 80 Name of the unit TRP integer 10 Number of persons OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm 3 5 3 Description of Abkhazia Posts GALI AOR only Filename ABK_Pos format Point Shape file Abkhazian Security Post SP Tax Post TP HQ or positions Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Display name on the map Unit string 80 Name of the unit e g State Secu rity Service SSS Border Guards Custom Traffic Control etc TRP integer 10 Number of persons OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm 3 5 4 Description of Heli Pad Filename HeliPad format Point Shape file Shows the Helicopter landing site Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Code of the Helipad OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label i
3. wW J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 14 Z Legend Sx On the left hand side you have the legend of all layers 2 1 TeamBorders The item on the top e g Team Borders will be displayed in the front the end e g GALIOOO will be displayed in the Grid10k back B GG HeliPad It is wise to show the layers in following order front to o i back a 2 mn Pv 1 Point symbols E 5 RFF CheckPoints 2 Lines 3 Polygons 4 Grid Layers 5 WP M27 E x i RWZ ABK E SZ RWZ ABK E x X CFL X E 34 GALI Town amp 1 2 3 3 Layer Properties Customize Symbology Legend Layer Properties General _ Symbology Metadata kabels Actions Attributes Legend type Single Symbol Label Point Symbol 1 492 LS wmeMoc Mut Ma wrAbkR 4 4XXX Rotation field lt gt Style Options You can change the layer properties by a mouse double click on the item in the Legend Window For designing a map the tab Symbology and Legend are most important 2 4 Create and editing Vector Layer 2 4 4 Create a new Vector Layer In Chapter 1 we discussed the different data types for GIS Data As we have here in UNOMIG useful basic maps and orthophotos raster data we mark new positions new roads and other objects in Vector Layers To create a new Vector L
4. 22 3 4 4 File names for finalized 5 23 3 5 Description of Shape Files Attributes 23 3 5 1 Description of Village GALI AOR only 23 3 5 2 Description of RFF Position GALI AOR only 24 3 5 3 Description of Abkhazia Posts GALI AOR only 24 3 5 4 Description of Heli Pad 24 3 5 5 Description of Waypoints esses nennen nennen nnne nnne 25 3 5 6 Description of Roads eee 25 3 6 Modification for ZUGDIDI aaa cat 26 3 6 1 Server Space in 101 eee 26 3 6 2 Description of diri T 26 3 6 3 Description 27 3 6 4 Description of Military ObServations ccceseeesseeccceeeeeeeeessseeeeneneeeeseeeseeeneeeeeees 28 References and 29 R1 General GIS References 29 R2 QGIS 29 R3 Contact and 30 J St ckelberger 46A 33 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG ET Z 1 introduct
5. 5 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 6 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 7 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 8 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger zone 9 Pulkovo 1942 58 3 degree Gauss Kruger zo Pulkovo 1942 58 3 degree Gauss Kruger zo Pulkovo 1942 58 3 degree Gauss Kruger zo Pulkovo 1942 58 3 degree Gauss Kruger zo Background color proj tmerc 0 0 lon_0 39 k 1 x_0 7500000 y_0 0 ellps krass Enable topologcel editing units m no_defs Awad intersections of polygons Search EPSGID Name Cancel General Coordinate Reference System set Map units to Meters open Projected Coordinate Systems select The rest should be o k Pulkovo 1942 Gaus Kruger zone 7 EPSG 28407 Now save the project The path and the file name should correspond to the instructions given in Chapter 3 The suffix of QGIS projects is qgs QGIS project files are XML text files You can open a QGIS project file by opening the program and then under Menu File Open Project In WINDOWS XP you can also define that qgs files have to be open with QGIS 2 3 2 Adding existing Geodata Layer Settings Plugins Help Menu Layer Mostly we add Vector Layer or Raster Layer Make your choice and then you can browse to the exiting Geodata The new Layer will appear on top front WA New Vector Layer Add Vector Layer Add PostGIS Layer N WE Add Raster Layer R D Add WMS Layer
6. be saved J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 16 Z Point Layer pas You can add new points by tool 2 delete points with tool 3 Line Layer OO _ COLD X wo 1 starting ending edit mode 2 create a new line 3 cut a line in two pieces 4 move a vertex 5 add a new vertex 6 delete a vertex 7 delete the whole line 2 5 Seta georeference to an image When you have a scanned map Satellite image or an Orthophoto you can load this image to QGIS However you have to assign to the image a spatial reference also called georeference QGIS provide a special Plugin to assign the georeference to an image Menu Plugins Georeferencer Georeferencer c f Figure 2 2 1 First you have to load the specific image file 2 then choose Transform Type Helmert 3 create at least 3 points on the map and define the coordinates It is recommended to choose 4 points near the corner of the map 4 save the Georeference Create 5 Create and load layer 6 Warp Option Resampling method Cubic Compression NONE amp use 0 for transparency c f Figure 2 3 The new Layer will appear in Qantum GIS J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 17 Reference points Transform type Helmert Modified raster ictures Only GIS TIFF C 37 060 modified tif
7. on Google Earth Example former MC CP 101 at S10 Zone X easting Precision WGS84 UTM UTM 37 T 723517 4724465 1 GARMIN GPS with Correc UTM 37 T 723717 4726465 1m tion UTM 200 UTM 2000 QGIS EPSG 28407 GK 7 7723725 4726470 1m Pulkovo 1942 Gaus Kr ger old Map U S S R 37 7723125 4726470 1m Grid Reference UNOMIG no information 237 264 100 m Square UNOMIG no information 23 26 1 km 1 5 Difference between GIS and CAD GIS was developed to handle 2 dimensional geographical data Modern GIS tools are able to in clude the elevation of the terrain which makes GIS 3 dimensional However we have still the prin ciple of different 2 dimensional layers This is the big difference between GIS and CAD Software Computer Aided Design The later is able to manage 3 dimensional data properly However CAD program are developed for designing buildings structural and civil engineering engines and similar objects mostly shorter than 1 km and not to manage geographical data with a dimension mostly greater than several kilometers J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 11 Z 2 First Steps in Quantum GIS 2 1 What is Quantum GIS Quantum GIS short QGIS is an Open Source GIS Open Source means that the program and the program code is free available Everybody may have the possibility to improve the software There is a QGIS developer team which voluntarily maintains the so
8. G_ Gali Golf AOR GH_ Gali Hotel AOR Gl Gali India AOR J St ckelberger 46A 3 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 21 Z 2 Topic _VilCent Center of the village or town administration building main square main junction _RFF_CP Checkpoint of the Russian Federation Forces _ABK_SP_ Abkhazian Security Posts _HeliPad Helicopter landing sites _WP Waypoints 3 Date The date is not mandatory When no date is given in the filename then we assume there are the most recent data we have When we have information which stress a specific situation at a specific time e g the situation of 15 October 2008 the end of the 1994 Moscow Agreement of the date should be a part of the filename Some type of files has a limitation of the length of the filename If possible write the date in the format YYYYMMDD which means 4 figures for the Year 2 figures for the Month and 2 figures for the Day e g 20081015 for October 15 2008 Otherwise indicate the Year and Month only in the Format YYDD e g 0810 for October 2008 Examples GH ABK Post GALI Hotel AOR Abkhazian Security and Tax Posts There are the most recent data However you can see the exact date of the last change in the column Date Modified as a property of any WINDOWS file GI VilCent 0807 GALI India AOR Village Centers with the key figures of each village Situa tion of July 2008 before the war of August 2008 3 4 2 ShapeFile and Shape File Names Shape Files are vector point
9. M coordinates Change verify the CRS for WGS84 UTM 37N of ShpO activate Vector Layer ShpO gt right Mouse Button gt Properties gt General gt Change CRS EPSG 32637 4 Export ShpO with an other CRS UNOMIG to 28407 Activate ShpO gt right Mouse Button gt save as ShapeFile gt Name ShpNew Save gt Projection Selector CRS UNOMIG to 28407 5 Open a QGIS Project with CRS Pulk GK7 ESPG 28407 Add Vector Layer ShpNew 7 Change CRS of ShpNew to Pulk GK7 activate Vector Layer ShpNew gt Properties gt CRS ESPG 28407 J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 19 Z 3 Data structure Sections 3 1 to 3 5 describe the data structure for GALI Sector However the data structure is nearly identical in ZUGDIDI Sector there are small differences only For example there are no Layers for Abkhazian Troupes on Zugdidi side instead there are positions of MIA and Police HQ Section 3 6 describes the modification for ZUGDIDI Sector 3 1 Main Structure in GALI Sector likewise in ZUGDIDI Sector All GIS data should be available for the whole GALI Sector except secret information At the mo ment there is no server available which is able to save geodata blocked by IT policy that s why the data are on a shared drive At December 2008 all data are in MIGO9052 GIS However this may be temporarily only In this documentation the place is named Server GIS were Server stands for any root lo
10. United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia UNOMIG B DIJON 555 09 609 MEN Mei yy GIS in UNOMIG Short Manual NS T ili aC REEL fis b xy NC 1 Capt Jurg Stuckelberger MO 664 Swiss Army 2009 05 10 GIS i n UNOMIG 2 Z Table of Contents 1 Introductionis ee t Rr o ir a E Fe v e en al b e X aa e E eo E ERR A ER o Eo 3 DEM RC Log OTT emm 3 1 2 Whatis the principal emm ennemis 3 1 3 Different Type of spatial Data Hem 5 1 4 Projection Coordinate System and Grid 6 1 4 1 Theoretical background of projection and Coordinate 6 1 4 2 Coordinate Reference System UTM 8 1 4 3 Coordinate Reference System Pulkovo 1942 8 1 4 4 EPSG Spatial Reference eene 9 1 4 5 Grid Reference in 9 15 Difference between GIS and CAD isis cect prr e tute ax pics 10 2 First Steps in Quantum GIS
11. World File ztures Only GIS TIFF C 37 060 modified wid Create Create and load layer Fig 2 2 QGIS Window for georeferencing an image Warp options Resampling method Cubic Compression NONE Use 0 for transparency when needed Fig 2 3 QGIS Dialogue for resampling image with spatial reference J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG Z 2 6 How to transform UNOMIG false UTM Data to Pulkovo 1942 format As mentioned Unfortunately the GARMIN GPS eTrex 2005 does not know the Pulkovo projection that s why we use the WGS84 UTM system Zone 37 EPSG 32637 Zone 38 EPSG 32638 and correct the data with 200m East 2000m North As mentioned before in UNOMIG we use for GPS false WGS84 UTM data so that the display shows the same coordinates then the old Maps of the U S S R Pulkovo 1942 When we upload data from GPS to GIS we have to transform these data from false UNOMIG UTM to Pulkovo 1942 GK 7 or GK 8 projection There is a user defined projection which display the false UNOMIG UTM to the right place in the Pulkovo System UNOMIG to 28407 Fproj tmerc 1 0 0 1 0 39 k 1 0 7499800 y 0 2000 ellps krass runits m defs Procedure 1 Open QGIS Project and change verify the Coordinate Reference System to WGS84 UTM 37N Settings gt Project Properties gt CRS EPSG 32637 2 Add Vector Layer Shp0 with false UNOMIG UT
12. al Transverse Mercator Projection System UTM is used often The UTM System split the globe in 60 longitudinal Zone 1 to 60 and 20 latitudinal Zone C to W zones and some special zones around the poles UPS Universal Polar Stereo graphic Projection not relevant in UNOMIG The old maps the General Staff of the former U S S R are based on the method of Gauss Kr ger which is similar to Fig 1 6 Cylindrical projection the UTM system with minor differences ME a 44 ASU 46 47 Bong 52 salse ss se ler J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 8 Z 3 Coordinate Reference System Every point in the globe is defined by Longitude Degree West East from Greenwich and Lati tude Degree South North from Equator when we take in account the altitude we need an addi tional value for the elevation above sea level In this case the ellipsoid model is relevant only no projection method is required However a coordinate system with degrees minutes and seconds is not very convenient for cal culation We are more familiar with rectangular i e Cartesian coordinate systems where the x values indicate the distance to East the y value indicates the distance to North and if required a z value indicates the altitude from a given level Rectangular coordinate systems are close related to the projection method It refers to a specific Earth model e g WGS 84 a specific projection meth
13. ayer use Menu Layer New Vector Layer J St ckelberger 46A 37 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 15 Z New Vector Layer File Format ESRI Shapefile Type Point Polygon Attributes Label Type Integer gt Real Integer Name Type Label String OffSetx Integer OffSet Integer In this form you have to define the Type Point Line Polygon and at least one Attribute An attribute is an information that you can add to the object An attribute is either a REAL number number with decimals e g 3 14159 an INTEGER number number without decimals e g 123 or a STRING small Text e g ABK SP 31 Please define for any vector layer at least following 3 attributes Label as STRING This Label can be displayed on the map OffSetX as INTEGER OffSetY as INTEGER OffSetX Y can be used when we will shift the label on the map either in x or y direction After defining all attributes click OK You will be ask where to save the new Vector Data 2 4 3 Edita Vector Layer First you have to select a layer Then you have to start the editing mode Click on the blue pen 1 in the toolbox Depending of the layer type point line polygon you have different options After you have done all edits you have to leave the editing mode Click again the blue pen 1 You will be ask if you will save the edits or not When you close the project without finishing the edit mode your edits will NOT
14. cation of the GIS software data projects and output MIGO9052 GIS Server GIS When we look into Server GIS we see following folders Software Here you have all files such as QGIS Manuals GARMIN GPS Tools BasicMaps Here there are all scanned or digitalized maps of the area without any georefe rence GlSData Here there are all geographical data with its georeference GISProjects All GIS Project a user defined mix of GlSData are stored in this folder ReadyToUse All maps with the finial layout are stored in this folder Ready to use maps are either PDF favorable JPG PNG BMP or PowerPoint not preferable 3 2 Secondary structure Within GlSData or GISProject we the data are structured in different sub folders according the re gional or functional topics GIS GISData___ GIS GISProjects UNOMIG Geodata for all UNOMIG region e g Waypoint of M 27 GALI Geodata for all GALI sector e g CFL Team Bor ders GMIO GMIO Data or Projects created by Gali Military Information GOPS GOPS Data or Projects created by Gali Operation GGolf GGolf Data of Golf AOR e g Villages RFF Positions Heli pad Projects of Golf Team base GHotel GHotel Data of Hotel AOR Projects of Hotel Team base GIndia Glndia Data of India AOR Projects of India Team base Styles A style contains the definition how a topic should be displayed In order to simplify creating further
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16. e end we have a user defined map based on the old soviet map including the new data of borders and checkpoints and security posts with our symbol iii When the GIS Project is finished we are able to print a map Therefore we have a print com poser We can define the focus extract of the map the scale a legend the output paper size A4 to etc Quantum GIS 1 0 0 Kore preview1 GHotel AOR 20090101 File Edit View Layer Settings Plugins JEEP SRRP OPE GREER ZLLNOAKS EX RO PAD gt FomueooO 0 9 CJ Legend 8x Sy FAR ae et vM j 4 800 USE 2552307 Box amp TeamBorders 55 Grid10k Box a Waypoints E H Village 9 E 5 HABK Post o E HHeliPad a WP M27 RWZ ABK 57 RWZ ABK B x E CFL a 21 cALI000 Coordinate Capture Bx start SCE Fig 1 2 Screenshot of Quantum GIS Software On the left hand side the different geographical data i e topics layers are listed on the main window the purview of the map is shown J St ckelberger 46A 337 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG E Z 7 E r r Pd GIS Project 1 GIS Project 2 GIS Data 1 GlsData2 GiSData3 Gisbataa 1 Fig 1 3 Flow Chart of GIS i GIS Data ii ee ee GIS Projects iii Maps ready to use 1 3 Differen
17. ear Month Day e g 20090215 i e February 15 2009 Avoid spaces and use underscore _ to separate Location_Topic_Format_Data The filename should not exceed the length of 32 characters Example GaliAOR OPS 0 20090215 pdf Whole GALI AOR main map for OPS office paper for mat size ISO AO date February 15 2009 3 5 Description of Shape Files Attributes Every shapefile has a dbf file which contains additional information to the shape This information is also called attribute For example the label CP 201 is an attribute of the checkpoint at 512 We can edit dBASE tabels with specific dBASE reader editor programms e g OpenOffice Calc 3 5 1 Description of Village GALI AOR only Filename VilCenter format Point Shape file Indicates the center of the village or town e g administration building school building main square main junction Even this is a point shape the attributes contains the information for the whole municipality Attribute Format Length Precision Description Name string 80 Display label on the map Inhabitants X integer 10 Number of inhabitants rGEO real 19 Ratio 0 1 of Georgia friendly population rGEO 1 rABK rABK real 19 Ratio 0 1 of Abkhazia friendly population rABK 1 rGEO OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the Label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm
18. erPoint is well known it has a lot of disadvantages comparing to GIS products For example we are not able to import GPS data we are not able to plot different maps in different scales and we are not able to create different layers with different topics 1 2 What is the principal of GIS In general we distinguish i geographical data ii GIS projects and iii printable outputs GIS tool is able to manage different geographical data simultaneously define projects and to print maps i The base of each GIS are geographical data e g maps waypoints satellite image Geographical data has always a reference about the location in a specific coordination system For example when we scan a map we have a simple picture When we allocate additional information about the projection the coordination system the orientation and the location of this picture then it becomes a map we can use in GIS ii A GIS Project is nothing more than a user defined mix of different geographical data For example we define a project on the base of the old digitalized map 1 100 000 of the U S S R on the next layer we include Fig 1 1 Principal of different layers in order to CFL border between SZ and RWZ on the next layer create a user defined map we include all RFF CP and ABK SP For each category J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG ae Z of objects we can define a symbol a color a label and other properties At th
19. ftware and creates new versions com patible for LINUX MAC and Windows There are several Open Source GIS The most known is GRASS Geographic Resources Analysis Support System However GRASS is more sophisticated and therefore also more difficult to use than QGIS QGIS has nearly all functions we need here in UNOMIG and support the most common types of spatial data format Even my followers in OPS may change the GIS System the GIS Data are NOT lost Among all GIS Tools QGIS has a high ranking a good reputation and is able to in clude GRASS Tools We use the Version QGIS 1 0 0 Kore This version is available under http qgis org access 2008 12 24 There is a User Manual including installation guide as well On Windows you need administrator rights to execute the QGIS Setup 2 2 Open and adjust Quantum GIS After the installation of QGIS you should have the QGIS label on your desktop or at least you should have in your Program Folder the Program QGIS Start this program now Your screen should show more or less the same picture than Fig 8 When you open the program the first time please activate all standard Plugins Menu Plugins Manage Plugins Button Select All After the installation of the Plugins a lot of icons in the toolbar appear In order EXER Se aT paca UR to convenient working you should arrange the 7 C v S 9 toolbars that you can see all icons The navigation t
20. ges are a kind of raster data as well However images are made for visualizing and not for analysis The size of the pixel limits the resolution of the map For example the digitalized map of U S S R is good enough to print maps down to 1 50 000 when we zoom down to 1 10 000 the maps looks fuzzy J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG Ge Z A1 Points A2 Lines A3 Polygons AU Es B Raster Data Fig 1 4 Different types of geographical data 1 4 Projection Coordinate System and Grid References 1 4 4 Theoretical background of projection and Coordinate System Each location of the world can be referenced by coordinates There are many different coordinate systems in the world which makes sometimes the life uneasy However it is possible to recalculate coordinates from mostly any system to another system A coordinate system is manly defined by 1 the shape model of the globe 2 the projection method and 3 the origin root 1 Shape of the Earth N Pole The shape of the Earth is nearly a spherical globe however the perimeter along the equator is about 134km i e 0 3396 longer than the perimeter through the poles c f Figure 1 5 There are several methods to approximate the shape Equator 424 x D S Pole Fig 1 5 Geoid and best fitted Ellipsoid J St ckelberger 46A of the Earth Today it is common to define the shape as an Ellipsoid whic
21. h is defined with two parameters a the Equatorial semi axis and b the Polar semi axis Some Ellipsoid does not have the center con gruent to the gravity center of the Earth which leads to additional 3 parameters dx dy dz indicating the shift All these parameters are also known as Geo detic Datum ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 7 0 Over the years the values of these parameters are redefined in order to obtain better accuracy Following Ellipsoid model are relevant for UNOMIG Shape Model Equatorial 75 axis m Polar axis m Inverse flattening Shift of center m a b al a b dx dy dz Sphere 16 century 6 371 000 unknown Krasovsky 1940 6 378 245 6 356 863 298 3 28 121 77 WGS 1984 6 378 137 6 356 752 314 298 2572236 accuracy 2cm WGS 1984 World Geodetic System 1984 is the today s standard for worldwide cartography geo desy and navigation Most GPS receivers use WGS 84 as reference The old maps of the General Staff of the former U S S R are based on the Ellipsoid of Krasovsky 1942 In GALI the difference to WGS 84 is about 200m to East 2000m to North 2 Projection Methods A projection method maps the curved surface of the ellip soid to a 2 dimensional plane The most important methods are oylindrical cone and azimuthal i e polar projec tion In UNOMIG the Mercator Projection a specific cylin drical projection is relevant c f Fig 1 6 For international applications the Univers
22. ion The following handout is a non scientific extremely short introduction about Geographic Information Systems GIS with the intension that every UNMO can handle spatial data in the GALI Sector of UNOMIG It focus how to visual geographi cal data crating and printing maps and not the analysis of geographical data It is limited on the 2 dimensional applica tion 1 1 Why using GIS GIS stands for Geographical Information System GIS helps to manage digital data such as digita lized maps satellite images points lines and areas in order to print different maps in different scales to store spatial information or to make different spatial analysis GIS helps to fetch data from to GPS receiver or GLONAS GALILEO to from digital as well There are several different GIS Software available e g ESRI ArcGIS Intergraph Geomedia or Quantum GIS QGIS The first 2 software costs full version about 20 000 USD QGIS is a free ware program which fulfill the today s use in GALI Sector The big difference between commercial programs and freeware GIS programs is in the analytical functionalities The visualizing tools are more or less similar in each GIS program Spatial analyses are not required yet in GALI Sector and that s why QGIS is more than good enough for our purpose Until 2008 the maps in GALI were designed with MS PowerPoint mostly However PowerPoint is a program for a slideshow and not designed for managing spatial data Even Pow
23. ith 8 respectively Pulkovo and UTM produce nearly the same coordinates The differences are in the numbering of the zones where UTM Zone 37 refers to GK 7 UTM Zone 38 refers to GK 8 etc Neglecting the first digit of the x value of Pulkovo which represents the Zone the coordinates are identical However UTM is used normally together with WGS 84 and not with Krasowsky 1940 which leads to a difference of about 200m in East direction and 2000m in North direction J St ckelberger 46A 3 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 9 Z 1 4 4 EPSG Spatial Reference Index As mentioned above there are several different Projection and Coordinate Reference System CRS The European Petroleum Survey Geodesy Group EPSG created an index for each Pro jection CRS Here a table of the most important figures used in UNOMIG EPSG 32637 32638 28407 38408 Short name WGS 84 UTM WGS84 UTM Pulkovo42 Pulkovo 42 37 N 38 N GK7 GK 8 Spheroid WGS 1984 Krasowsky 1940 Ellipsoid axis 6378137 m axis 6378245m i flatting 298 257223563m flatting 298 3m Projection type Transverse Mercator Central Meridian 39 E 45 E 39 E 45 E Unit m meter false Easting 500000 500000 7500000 8500 000 false Northing 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 Grid Reference in UNOMIG Full UTM coordinates includes the Zone x value easting and y value northing If we are inter es
24. n HQ Headquarter CP Check Point OP Observation Post SP Security Post TP Tax Post Shelter Trench System BTR Position Branch string 80 Type of group unit who occupy the location RFF ABK SSS MIA geo Police Unit string 80 Name of the unit TRP integer 10 Total number of persons rough estimation is enough SA integer 10 Total estimated number of Small Arms caliber lt 14 7mm HW integer 10 Total estimated number of Heavy Weapons caliber 14 7mm Rem string 80 Remarks UpDate string 80 Date of the latest modification Format YYYY MM DD e g 2009 05 10 is 10 May 2009 OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 29 Z References and Contact R1 General GIS References There are many references available on line We know that Internet links may chang frequently Here are some links accessed 2009 02 15 http www gitta info Geographic Information Technology Training Alliance Here are a lot of self tutorials training modules to learn GIS http en wikipedia org wiki Geo Wikipedia is always a good source to get a general overview graphic_information_system of GIS http training esri com gateway ESRI is one of the leading company or most probably THE index cfm leading compan
25. n points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm J St ckelberger 46A 3 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 25 Z 3 5 5 Description of Waypoints Filename WP format Point Shape file Shows the Reporting Points Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Code of the Helipad Type integer 10 Indicates the level of the Way points 0 M 27 1 permanent way points in the area 2 temporarily waypoints Descr string 80 Short description of the point c f Main Location List OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm 3 5 6 Description of Roads Filename Roads format Line Shape file Shows the road net and the quality of the ZOC Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Display label on the map Name string 80 Name of the road Patrol string 80 Suggestion to use for patrol fast e g Zugdidi Lia normal e g Ruchi Rike possible road to Kalagali restricted not possible when wet adventure only possible by good soil and weather condition by very experienced drivers Softskin binary 0 1 Possible for soft skin vehicles 4x4 2 tones Hardskin binary 0 1 Possible for hard skin vehicles 4x4 3 5 tones Nyala binary 0 1 Possible for Nyala 11
26. nts with a text editor directly in this XML file The file name has no limitation as long it is a valid file name of the operation system e g WIN DOWS the max length is 255 characters some wildcards are forbidden However it is reasona ble to respect following structure 1 Location Area e g GaliAOR 2 Main Topic or purpose e g Heli 3 Date Year Month Day e g 20090215 i e February 15 2009 Avoid spaces and use underscore to separate Location Topic Data The filename should not exceed the length of 32 characters Examples GaliAOR Heli 20090215 qgs This QGIS Project shows within the entire GALI Sector all Heli pads Created or updated at 15 February 2009 GHotel Patrol 20090215 qgis This QGIS Project shows the Hotel AOR and is designed for patrolling Created or updated at 15 February 2009 J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 298 Z 3 4 4 File names for finalized maps EA You find all finalized maps in the folder Rea 24 EA EJ dyToUse Finalized map should be preferably stored as 5 PDF file Portable Dokument Format How Gls Project 1 2 ever PowerPoint JPG TIFF or other image formats are also possible Gh L Gelb itat U Dated 4 The structure of the filename has following parts 1 Location Area e g GaliAOR 2 Main Topic or purpose e g OPS 3 The suggested paper format size e g A4 A3 A2 AO 3 Date Y
27. od e g UTM and the unit normally meters the origin root or reference point of the coordinate system i e central meridian false easting false northing The latter is normally defined by the specific zones In UNOMIG following Coordinate Reference Systems are relevant WGS 84 UTM Zone 37 and Zone 38 c f Subsection 1 4 2 Krasovsky 1940 Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kr ger Zone 7 and Zone 8 c f Subsection 1 4 3 1 4 2 Coordinate Reference System UTM GALI Sector lies in the Zone UTM 37 T ZUGDIDI Sector lies in 2 Zones the western part remains in UTM 37 T 36 E to 42 E the eastern part lays in UTM 38 T 42 E to 48 E Due to the fact the y Value of the coordinates is continuous starting at the Equator the latitudinal Zone indication can be reduced to the Northern or Southern Hemisphere For example UTM 37 T lies in UTM 37 North GARMIN GPS shows UTM 37 T QGIS uses UTM 37 UTM use normally the Earth shape model WGS 84 1 4 3 Coordinate Reference System Pulkovo 1942 Similar to UTM Pulkovo split the globe as well in different Zones He used the Projection Method of Gaus Kr ger GK Zone GK 1 over spans Longitude to 6 E GK 7 form 36 E to 42 E GK 8 from 42 E to 48 E The shape of the Earth is assumed as the Ellipsoid of Krasowsky 1940 and not WGS 84 unfortu nately Pulkovo introduced a false Easting of GK 7 7500000m GK 8 8500000 Every x value in Zone GK 7 starts with 7 in GK 8 w
28. oolbar is very important an should be placed somewhere at the left side If you point the mouse courser to an icon a text indicates the function of the tool e g with the hand you can move the map with the loupe you can zoom in zoom out The main window of QGIS has two sub windows On the left a small window which displays the Geodata loaded for the map on the right we have the main window which shows the map in pre view J St ckelberger 46A 7 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 12 Z 0 Lam ata Fue EYYE uzeEDO 21 220 8 amp 5 3 v RA Raw 7 TSBSSRR ronuee y9 Q 41 Q Map Preview Cmte FR Fig 21 QGIS main window with two sub 5 Genes un s X Windows Left legend list of linked Geo data Right Map Preview 2 3 Manage QGIS Project by given geographical Data As mentioned in Chapter 1 a GIS Project links different geographical data together However in a GIS Project there are NO geodata stored A GIS Project contains following information Projection parameters and coordination system Link to the geodata How each layer geodata should be displayed symbol legend transparency The order of the different layers The scale the perimeter and the layout of the map et al Following example should demonstrate the difference between GIS Project and GIS Data Project 1 contains GOLF AOR with the base of the
29. ormat YYYY MM DD e g 2009 05 10 is 10 May 2009 OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm J St ckelberger 46A 3 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 27 Z 3 6 3 Description of Civil Filename Civil format Point Shape file All relevant objects for civilian use including sight seeing objects Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Display label on the map Name string 80 Name of the object Type string 80 Kind of the object e g school dis pensary church castel OffSetX integer 10 Horizontally shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm OffSetY integer 10 Vertically shifting of the label in points 1 pt 0 35 mm J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 28 Z 3 6 4 Description of Military Observations Filename MilObs format Point Shape file In absence of RFF on ZUGDIDI AOR there is only ONE Layer with all relevant information for mil itary observing such as former CIS PKF Installations MIA Installations Police HQ and more Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Display name on the map string 80 Name according the actual Main Location List 1 string 80 Synonym alternative name Name2 string 80 old or former name Type string 80 Kind of the locatio
30. project some basic styles are stored in this folder J St ckelberger 46A 37 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 20 Z 3 3 3rd order structure Some GIS Data folders e g Server GIS GISData GALI have an additional sub sub folder structure grouped by the format of the data sub sub folder Points Point Shape file e g checkpoints 9 e e Lines Line Shape file e g borderlines ge Polygons Polygon Shape file e g minefields TIFF Georeferenced images in TIFF Tagged Image File Format e g Satellite image of GALI Town Graticule Graticules are point shape files or line shape 0 10 20 30 files in order to visualize the grid reference 80 coordinate system on the map opem 3 4 Policy of Filenames 3 4 4 File Names for Geodata You find all Geodata in the folder GlSData Map2 1 Map 1 1 1 50000 Map2 2 1310000 2p1 2 2213 1 10000 i uud ME L Most geodata are not stored in one file but in DAVA different files It is reasonable to store all files belonged to one item in one folder The folder should be named identically then the files side the folder except the extension For the naming it is reasonable to apply following structure GIS Data 1 GIS Data 2 GIS Data 3 GIS Data 4 1 Abbreviation for Location Area entire zone of conflict e g CFL G
31. s lines polygons data a subset of geodata ESRI the leading com pany for commercial GIS has a specific structure for Shape files Actually a shape file contains a bundle of different files which are stored in one specific folder All name must be identical the suf fix is different Example CFL Folder CFL shp Shape file with spatial data CFL shx indices for the spatial data CFL prj projection of the spatial data CFL dbf dBASE table with the attributes of the features J St ckelberger 46A ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 2552 Z The file name should not exceed the length of 16 characters Please use only characters figures no wildcards and no spaces The structure of the filename is given in Subchapter 3 4 1 3 4 3 GIS Project File and Project File Names All GIS project are stored in the folder GIS Map21 Projects Map1 1 1 50000 Map2 2 1 10000 Map1 2 1 3 1 10000 125000 1 100000 GIS Project 1 GIS Project 2 GIS Data 1 GIS Data 2 C GIS Data 3 C GIS Data 4 C QGIS projects file names has the suffix extension qgs In WINDOWS this type of file should be open by QGIS automatically Otherwise you can open first QGIS then open the relevant project QGIS project files contains in XML structure every information about projection linked geodata and layout For advanced users it is possible to make amendme
32. sss nee nennen nnne nnn nnn 11 2 1 cd S IC cro 11 CANCER SC OE IESU EC Oc 11 2 3 Manage QGIS Project by given geographical 12 2 3 1 Create safe and open a Project Hee 13 2 3 2 Adding existing Geodata Tr 13 2 3 3 Layer Properties Customize Symbology Legend 14 2 4 Create and editing Vector 14 2 4 1 Create a new Vector 14 2 4 2 Edit a Vector Layer oie 15 2 5 BSetageoreference to an Image MANN EX RE ud 16 2 6 to transform UNOMIG false UTM Data to Pulkovo 1942 format 18 97 AE 19 31 Main Structure GALI Sector likewise ZUGDIDI 19 3 2 Secondary Structure Mum 19 3 3 enhn en nne n rrr n nennen nnne nnn 20 JL WONG Filenames 20 3 4 1 File Names for Geodata enne nennen rnnt nnn nnns 20 3 4 2 Shape File and Shape File 21 3 4 3 GIS Project File and Project File
33. t Type of spatial Data We distinguish A Vector Data and non vector Data such as B Raster Data and C Images A Vector Data There are 3 different types of Vector Data points lines and polygons Vector Data are also called Shapes A1 Point A Point is defined by its Longitude x Easting and Latitude y Northing Examples Checkpoints Waypoints Helipads In QGIS we can assign a specific point symbol for each different topic A2 Line A line is defined by different points start point multiple vertices end point Examples Ceasefire Line CFL Roads Borders In QGIS we can assign a specific line style colour line width dash dot for each topic A3 Polygon A Polygon is an area defined by a closed path line where start point is identical with the end point Examples Minefields AOR a lake In QGIS we can assign a specific fill style colour hachures transparency B Raster Data Raster data is a grid of cells covering an area of interest Each pixel the smallest unit of informa tion in the grid displays a unique attribute For example the altitude of the GALI area is stored in a Raster file with a grid resolution of 25m x 25m Raster Data are convenient for spatial analysis However spatial analysis is not part of this handout C Images A satellite image an orthophoto equalized aerial photo or a scanned map can be georeferenced and shown in QGIS Each image contains pixels and therefore ima
34. ted in the height we have to introduce a z value for the altitude above sea level x and y values are metric For example the bridge crossing the Gali Canal at S10 has the full UTM coordinate UTM 37 T 0723517 m 4724465 m UTM 37 North 0723517 m 4724465 m WGS84 UTM coordinates e g Google Earth Pulk42 GK 7 coordi UTM 37 T 0723517 m 4724465 m Pulkovo 7723725 m 4726470 m Fig 1 8 WGS 84 UTM coordinate system GPS Google Earth and Pulkovo 1942 UTM coordinate system used UNOMIG The approximately local correction from WGS 84 to Pulkovo 1942 coordinates is about 200m East 2000m North J St ckelberger 46A 33 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 10 Z Local Correction in GPS The Grid Reference System we use in UNOMIG is the Reference System of the former U S S R Pulkovo 1942 This is different from the GPS which use WGS 84 UTM System The reason is mentioned in Subsection 1 4 1 Here in UNOMIG we work with a local correction of every GPS Re ceiver of 200 to East 2 000m to North However this local correction is an average with works in GALI AOR more or less well There is a special documentation about this topic with the title Confusion of Maps the Utilisation of GPS Example S10 37 0723517 4724465 m Correction 200 m 2000 m GPS Display 0723717 m 4726465 m This correction is the reason that the UTM coordinates you can see on the GPS are NOT identical with the coordinates you can see
35. tones Standard string 80 Indicate the type of the road 2 track road 1 track road gravel road earth road Quality string 80 Quality according to the standard good middle bad minutes real 19 Expected time to drive the se quence in minutes J St ckelberger 46A 17 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 26 Z 3 6 Modification for ZUGDIDI Sector 3 6 1 Server Space in ZUGDIDI At the moment the Data are stored on T Official Pictures Only GIS IT will allocate another specific server space soon T Official Pictures Only GIS Server GIS 3 6 2 Description of Village Filename VilCenter format Point Shape file Indicates the center of the village or town e g administration building school building main square main junction Even this is a point shape the attributes contains the information for the whole area of the village Attribute Format Length Precision Description Label string 80 Display label on the map Descr string 80 Kind of the Location e g Admin building School Main junction Name string 80 Name of the Village according the Main Location List Municip string 80 Name of the Municipality District string 80 Name of the District Inhabit integer 10 Number of inhabitants of the village or town Please do not mix up this figure with the number of the whole municipality Rem string 80 Remarks UpDate string 80 Date of the latest modification F
36. y in matter of GIS Some free tutorials are available on this site The products it selves are very expen sive However the prices increase year by year and the qual ity decrease simultaneously That s why a lot of clients get more and more angry about ESRI and Open GIS gains pop ularity http spatialreference org This website provides information about every projection and coordinate reference system http freegeographytools com Here are several free GIS tools available e g converter from shape files to text files DBF editors etc R2 QGIS References http www qgis org This is the main homepage of Quantum GIS New updates and user manuals are available here for free http download osgeo org qgis QGIS is an OS Geo project Confer this site as well for new manuals and updates J St ckelberger 46A 3 ECOENG GIS in UNOMIG 30 Z R3 Contact and Support If you need support do not hesitate to contact the initiator of the GIS project in UNOMIG and au thor of this short manual Capt J rg St ckelberger GALI OPS GALI February 2009 first version ZUGDIDI Mai 2009 latest amendments ECOENG S Witzegt Military unit Civilian address Capt J rg St ckelberger Dr sc techn J rg St ckelberger Armed Forces International Com EcoEng Ldt mand SWISSINT Sch nauring 116 Kaserne Wil CH 8052 Z rich CH 6370 Stans Oberdorf juerg stueckelberger ecoeng ch www ecoeng ch J St

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