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Lysimeter

1. 16 KEBACOT OUNO PERTERRITI 16 A 2 HOW NOK S ire ee ee NEEE E 17 A EIT O r E E 17 5 Data logger DT80M m EEE EEE SEERESEEESEEENEREEREENEEENEEESEEEEEESEERSEERSEERFEERSERESE 18 5 1 Gonnecions te Ne device un 18 Balled CONE VTU B eia 18 5 1 2 Connection via Ethernet i 18 5 1 3 Connection via GPRS 3G Remote nenn nennen 19 Og UMS SINISSIO een 19 9 2 Data Tete ValusuesueieseeetExetaxe nee ee Eee Ernie Eee Banana EN een er 19 Sil Data Oral e ee ee edel 19 5 2 2 USB memory stick 20 5 23 GPRS3G Modem nedgraled u a 20 5 3 System access internal SErVvices nenne nenne nenne nennen 22 5 3 1 Access to the data logger with dEX nenn nenn nennen 22 Don PIP VO ea 23 5 393 qoot efi dO Sira 23 s GIIGINGS CONT OU QUOI ENTER EEE EEE EEEE EEEE 24 5 4 1 Data logger program Config 24 5 4 2 Run time settings Channel variableS 25 Page 2 of 68 dl Smart Field Lysimeter 6 Power Management 26 6 1 tensioCON charging controller nenne nennn nenne nenne nennen 26 6 2 Battery management actions nenn nenne nnnn nenn nenne anne nenn nenne nnne nnn 29 7 Installation notes PPBREPPEEPPERNEEEPEREEREEERPEFERHEEPERERPEEESEEFPEEFEEREPFEFEPEEEFEFEEPEPEREFEEPEEEFEFEPERLEE 30 7 1 Adjusting the Lysimeter and drain water bottle enters ee eeeeeeeeeeees 30 7 2 Aalust
2. sioCON Usually this happens once per minute The values are stored as channel variables Table 3 variables for battery management Function Def Type Description Battery management hull Battery Voltage IN Battery current V Battery under Logger load sensors disconnected from battery mA current from battery positive val ues discharge Ah 96 Battery charging Battery state of charge SOC mA current to logger during measuring positive values logger discharges battery mA all Lysimeters mA Lysimeter 1 and 2 optional mA Lysimeter 3 and 4 optional Logger current 7CV Pump controller current 8CV sensors Lysimeter 1 2 9CV sensorsLysimeter 3 4 CV 1CV 2CV CV CV 5CV 7CV 8CV 9CV e EN EN EN RE RE 50V Solar Panel current Tee mA current from solar panel Bid RE RI RL otandard settings are active as follows SOC gt 33 Page 29 of 68 dl Smart Field Lysimeter gt Battery level ok all schedules are executed in normal intervals schedule B 1 min schedule C 10 min schedule D G 10 min pumps on sensors on modem stand by on SOC 25 gt Battery level low Energy consumption is reduced Data logger goes in power save mode pumps off sensors on modem stand by time reduced schedule B 1 min schedule C 10 min schedule D G 10 min SOC lt 5 gt Battery level critical Minimum energy consumption Data logger goes immed
3. y i i i l l il pj i l l i o FB1 FB2 FB3 Li FB4 Fieldbox Fieldbox Fieldbox 4 Fieldbox E HE W2 W2 MEE W2 W2 Conneftion Lysimeter Scale and Probes EC 8 1 5 Connection Lysimeter Scale and Probes 2 Connection Lysimeter Scale and Probes Connection Lysimeter Scale and Probes 3 EC 8 1 5 EC 8 1 5 EC 8 1 5 i q m I ww 1 j i I j l l il D d i l l js il f i l po i l l il 3 3 i l il L1 L2 a L3 3E L4 Lysimeter Lysimeter Lysimeter i Lysimeter ii ira co ee ee 1 Tn rocce uM c 1 Figure 45 cable connections Page 54 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter C Serial bus diagram SDI12 4 SDI12 3 SDI12 2 SDI12 1 SL EU Fa E E hi Ba Un Un Un a Er C serial ES EM E S RS 485 ensor E u u B ve Hd rd Port 1 cia cow n 5 N uN E ET E ED S Z HE U LL Er al A A z tensioCON ac a Lysi 1 Figure 46 serial bus scheme Page 55 of 68 NA omart Field Lysimeter D Connections on the bottom of the logger box service connector for tensioLINK tensioVIEW solar panel connector 3 further Lysimeter connectors cable inlet for optional AC Power supply 1st Lysimeter connector cable inlet for optiona
4. 3 Sensors 3 1 Reference Tensiometer T8 Field send Figure 14 T8 Tensiometer The reference Tensiometer is dug into the soll close to the Lysimeter see separate page Earth works and basic set up The measurement values of the Tensiometer are used by the feedback control to adjust the lower hydraulic boundary condition 3 2 Matrix potential sensor MPS2 Lysimeter Co Figure 15 MPS2 sensor The MPS2 sensor measures the matrix potential or the tension respectively It uses the Echo technology to determine the water content of a porous matrix The water content within the porous matrix correlates with the matrix potential Page 15 of 68 la Smart Field Lysimeter Because of the measuring principle this sensor does not work close to saturation that is gt 10 kPa On the other hand this sensor is maintenance free and works even in the dry range of lt 500 kPa 3 3 Sensor 5TE Lysimeter Figure 16 5TE sensor The three 5TE sensors measure the volumetric water content the electrical conduc tivity and the temperature of the soil The 5TE uses the Echo Technology an FDR Frequency Domain Response based technology which is widely spread to measure water content i soil and other porous materials 3 4 VTENS Lysimeter The VTENS or virtual Tensiometer is the controlled boundary condition in the bottom of the Lysimeter cylinder The value of a reference Tensiometer is controlled at a ce ramic
5. A UMS measure to know omart Field Lysimeter User Manual UMS GmbH M nchen Art Nr SFL 300 600 900 Version 06 2014 Author as ge Contents 1 INIEOOUCHOR iii nei 4 T1 NOS TO IS MANUAL zen ee 4 12 PCS SE nr ir 5 2 System configuration aise seaiteanren ese nnaen saeco se teens us tran uate teense intense uatewedebaisencsiatewesares 6 2 1 Logger box and related components 7 2 1 1 Data logging and controller u uu0024400neee nenn nennnnnnn nenn nenn nennen nnnn nenn 7 212 TEMSIOG OWN een mern 8 2 3 SFL Tul C ODltelisf aee etr a 8 2 1 4 bhechardeabie Dale 8 2 123 ier dieit RES 9 22 FICO DOC incinta edi 9 2 2 1 Pump and Distribution BOX nenn nenn nano nenn nenn nano nenn nenn nnnenn 10 22 2 Diana Wael B ll eisen 11 2 2 3 Drain water balance PL 10 i 11 2 2 4 Aliquot sample taking option nenn nnn nenn nenn nennen nenn nenn 12 2 90 L SNC Iaia 13 2 3 1 Lysimeter balance PL 50 100 200 onen nannnnnnnn nennen 13 2 3 2 Lysimeter sensor distribution box nenn nenn nenn nenn nennen 14 A RR ET 15 3 1 Reference Tensiometer T8 Field Ran nene nen nennen 15 3 2 Matrix potential sensor MPS2 Lysimeter nennen nnnennne nenn 15 3 3 Sensor 5TE Lysimeter i 16 3 4VTENS Lysimeter i 16 4 Feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition
6. By using the weight values of the drain water and the Lysimeter a precise balance can be calculated The Lysimeter delivers if set up and ran correctly the infor mation on precipitation with excellent precision On purpose a weight balancing has not been integrated in the Lysimeter program as this kind of evaluation is scientific work Prerequisites for a high data quality are Technically correct measurement of the weights no contact of the Lysimeter to the housing side walls and the environment no snow no disturbing plant cover Filtering measurement series filtering laws and errors Avoiding interruptions e g drain water bottle full Data evaluation and verification before calculation missing data compensation manually Page 45 of 68 dl Smart Field Lysimeter 10 3 Calculating the leachate precipitation and evapotranspiration ee Yj 7 B 7 777 um A ma f N g Pi Fir Ir F Jp Ap Y p p de EN P tai I ECT Dep Isu A l v ud Iv Te Iv jsn a jw iow RARI ra RL _ A a A K Rw I A NE l Ne Figure 38 water balance parameters This schematic overview shows water balance parameters and most important flux situation at soils atmospheric interface and interface to groundwater Due to this complexity basically scientific background is requested for the determination To calculate the precipitation an evapotranspiration ET the weight of the Lysimeter and the drain water bottle is n
7. V whie 6 18VDC 1 ND fowom 0 2 nc 05 ne 0 o 000 0 A pink X J RS485A 6 B X bue RS485 B female 8 pins SDH2 red SDIt2 8 Pin assignment Pump and Distribution Box Lysimeter balance Signal Cable color Function Pin V white 6 18VDC 1 GND foom GND 2 nc geen ne d 3 S yelow X VTENS Signal NN VTENS Signal A pink X RS485A 6 B ble RS485 B female 8 pins SDHi2 fred 3 SDH 8 Page 59 of 68 la A Smart Field Lysimeter F Technical data T8 Tensiometer Material and dimensions Ceramic Al2Os sinter air entry pressure gt 15 000 hPa length 60 mm 24 mm Housing PA6 GF30 Shaft Notch impact resistant PMMA 25 mm 1000 hPa 1000 hPa elektronical 850 hPa 1000 hPa physical 850 hPa OhPa Tensiometer 0 hPa 1000 hPa Piezometer 30 C 70 C Accra Pressure 5hPa Temperature 0 2 K 10 30 C 0 4 K 30 60 C Power _ _ _ Supply voltage Vin 6 18 VDC 3 mA nominal max 20 mA Resistance to chemicals PH range pH 3 pH 10 Limited to media that do not etch silicone fluoro silicone EPDM PMMA and polyether imide Page 60 of 68 la A 5TE Volumetric Water Content Measuring range Water contents Apparent dielectri
8. 01 30 07 00 nothing happens 07 00 17 00 ET 2 67 mm 17 30 19 00 rain event with 3 5 mm 20 45 22 00 rain event with 2 17 mm 22 00 24 00 no dew after rain event Precipitation for this day is 5 97 mm ET for this day is 2 67 mm The drainage bottle increased weight of 1 43 kg so ground water recharge capability was 1 43 mm The Lysimeter weight increased at this day from 2160 00 kg to 2 161 87 kg so the change of water amount in the Lysimeter is 1 87 kg Page 48 of 68 The calculation is based on the expertise and experience of the Wagna Lysimeter where different kinds of rain measurements have been compared with Lysimeter measurements since 2004 The scientific background is based on Prof Dr Johann Fank Joanneum Research Graz 10 3 4 Et0 Please note For the exact determination of EtO usually a radiation sensor and a wind sensor close to the Lysimeter are necessary 10 4 Flaws and errors 10 4 1 Battery state of charge SOC In winter a lack of energy may happen so that the system may restrict its operation Lack of energy can influence 2 system components An important load of the Lysimeter is the pumps for the feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition If energy supply is tight this control function stops to work Also the update of the measurement data is restricted see chapter 6 Power Management If energy lacks completely the system shuts down and restarts not before the b
9. 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min omart Field Lysimeter Description Battery voltage Battery current positive values discharging Battery state of charge Temperature in Logger Box value taken from internal DT80M sensor Temperature in Field Box value taken from internal sensor of PL 10 balance transmitter box Temperature in Lysimeter 1 bottom value taken from internal sensor of PL 50 100 200 balance transmitter box Lysimeter no x weight Drainage bottle Lysimeter no x weight Lysimeter no x pump time in direction to Lysimeter calculated by SFL Pump controller Lysimeter no x pump time in direction to drainage bottle Reference Tensiometer Type T8 in depth 4 Matrix Potential or Tension VTENS sensor in in Lysimeter depth 4 Matrix Potential or Tension Water content in depht 1 Water content in depht 2 Water content in depht 3 Matrix potential in depht 1 Matrix potential in depht 2 Matrix potential in depht 3 Electrical conductivity in depth 1 Electrical conductivity in depth 2 Electrical conductivity in depth 3 Soil temperature in depth 1 value taken from 5TE Soil temperature in depth 2 value taken from 5TE Soil temperature in depth 3 value taken from 5TE Field soil temperature in depth 4 value taken from T8 Tensiometer Field Tensiomter refill indicator O ok 1 refill Page 64 of 68 W Smart Field Lysimeter I Table o
10. In the future messages are planned e g for drain water bottle full drain water bottle empty frost alert battery alert etc The function SMS alarms is already available in the data logger You can use it yourself to send alarms to a certain mobile phone number For more details see the DT80M manual 10 Interpreting the measurements 10 1 Influence of pump times In the Smart Field Lysimeter the feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition works very precisely and in a wide range However you can identify the in fluence of the pump times on the measurement data The pump a bi directional peristaltic pump is run clocked l e it is not the rotation speed that is controlled but the pump time During a pump period the pump always runs with maximum speed The shortest running time is set to 1 sec Depending on the negative pressure and the air volume in the vacuum system this second of pump ing causes a visible peak of the value VTENS These discrete peaks can be monitored in the diagram see Figure 37 influence of pump times Compared to the complete dynamics and precision of the system these peaks do not really count Page 44 of 68 Mi Smart Field Lysimeter ques on L1 REF TENS T4 kPa L1 VTENS T4 kPa 24 10 25 10 26 10 27 10 28 10 29 10 30 10 31 10 01 11 02 11 03 11 04 11 05 11 06 11 07 11 Figure 37 influence of pump times 10 2 Balancing the weight values
11. __ i empty U C 547 Figure 32 fill level of the drain water bottle 8 1 2 Filling the T ensiometer 8 1 2 1 When do Tensiometers need to be refilled Tensiometers need to be refilled when the curve of the readings obviously gets flatter and flatter the Tensiometer filling indicator at the data logger display shows 1 the maximum of 85 kPa cannot be reached anymore but not until the soil is moister than gt 90 kPa Page 36 of 68 If the soil gets dryer than 85 kPa the readings drop slowly towards zero by diffusion and slight leakage If the soil dries out to more than 1500 kPa 15 bar the readings drop to atmospheric pressure as air will enter the cup Syringe Figure 33 downwardly installation the marked pipe is the refilling tube the un marked pipe the de airing pipe De airing tube Please fill the Tensiometer when you are at the site Remove the black tub ing from the black marked pipe and press in water with the syringe deliv ered as long as bubbles drop from the open end You need max 20 ml of degassed water in the syringe To degas water close the half full syringe and apply vacuum by pulling the syringe piston Sample bubbles by turning the syringe upside down and around and push them out after wards Repeat this step about three times and fill the Tensiometer 8 1 3 Degree of freedom of Lysimeter and drain water bottle Each time you visit the site check the
12. max 150 kg precision 14 g SFL 900 with PL200 nominal range 0 200 kg max 300 kg precision 28 g Page 13 of 68 Flap for fixing the Lysimeter Precision measuring transmitter Adjustable foot N Cable clip fastener for fixing tubes and cables Figure 12 platform balance PL 50 The balances PL100 and PL200 can be replaced by each other if needed The PL50 is less high and cannot be replaced by one of the others On the top platform are flaps for fixing the Lysimeter on the balance So the whole unit can be lowered down into the Lysimeter housing 2 3 2 Lysimeter sensor distribution box The sensor distribution box is directly mounted to the Lysimeter cylinder and does 2 jobs Three MPS 2 sensors and three 5TE sensors are connected to it Additionally a pressure sensor and an evaluation electronics measure the actual pressure VTENS For this the sensor is connected with the suction cups in the Ly simeter bottom see also 3 4 VTENS Lysimeter Only a thin cable runs from the sensor distribution box to the bottom platform of the balance to make sure the influence of the cable on the Lysimeter weight measure ment is minimal Page 14 of 68 Sensor ports for MPS2 and STE sensors le ern Inside Pressure sensor for VTENS Tube for VTENS pressure connection to suction cup in the Lysimeter bottom Data cable to Lysimeter y bottom and data logger Figure 13 Lysimeter sensor distribution box
13. 1 Storage intervals schedules As a standard the weight values for each Lysimeter are stored with a 1 min resolu tion All other sensor values and system characteristics are stored every 10 min These intervals have proved themselves as good practice and provide the best ratio of resolution and storage density Balancing formulas are optimized to these inter vals Of course you can set your own intervals within certain ranges In principle the change of a storage interval is possible in runtime without interrupting the program The disadvantage of this is after a reset or power failure the data logger starts again with the standard values To store the changes permanently the values need to be changed in the program config 9 2 1 1 Changing in runtime temporary To set a temporary change of the measurement or data storage please look at the table with the function of the schedules and the intervals see Fehler Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden Schedule D is executed every 10 min To accelerate the execution to 5 min enter the command RD5M see also the DT80M manual Page 42 of 68 User entry RD5M schedule D every 1 min answer Datataker gt Immediately all sensors in the Lysimeter 1 are read and stored every 5 min Please note Reading sensors via the serial SDI12 interface takes some seconds During this time the data logger is blocked and the reaction time may increase The program be comes
14. 29 Figure 21 file structure and sorted Excel files on umsdataview de 5 3 System access internal services 5 3 1 Access to the data logger with dEX dEX ist the integrated web interface of the data logger You need a web browser with Adobe flash support on your computer You can retrieve the current logger status and change its configuration Additionally certain activities can be executed online dEX is an interface that exchanges relatively big data packets with the web browser When you start dEX the approx 1 MB application is uploaded into the cache of the browser Even if it is possible in principle it does not make sense to use dEX via a metered internet connection GPRS dEX works via USB cable or Ethernet connec tion dEX distiguishes two modi after a select page in the web follow two areas Monitor the logger Status download data command interface online Configure the logger permanent configuration program of the logger configuration of power supply SIM card display etc Page 22 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter Logger home Fullscreen About L Welcome Schedules Welcome to the logger monitor Storage Diagnostics Use the mouse to click on the menus shown on the left These menus are e Status provides details about the logger s status internal logs and storage Retrieve data retrieve part or all of the logged data for the current job e Measurement displays the
15. and independent of platform country and format To read the format you need an import tool The program DPLOT delivered on CD of fers integrated DBD support so that data can be visualized Additionally you can find Page 19 0f 68 in the internet an import filter for National Instruments Diadem as well as a command line utility from Datataker for the conversion of different CSV formats If the data have to be transmitted regularly e g daily it is a challenge not only to convert the data but also to merge the small files being transmitted automatically to a big evaluable file The UMS solution offers a service on the web server that converts data merges and sorts them see 5 2 3 2 5 2 2 USB memory stick In the field you can also use a USB memory stick to read out the data When you plug in the stick the function Copy logged data has to be done using the keypad Alternatively this can happen automatically using a script on the USB stick For the data format on the USB stick converting tools are available see data format To copy the data automatically generate a file on the stick with the name ONINSERT DXC The file is a normal text file and consists of the commands the log ger executes when the stick is plugged in In this case enter the command COPYDATA using the keypad When you plug in the stick automatically shows Figure 19 USB data read out Please note The data logger DT80M processes only USB memory sticks w
16. instable if there is not enough time between reading time and the start of a new schedule Therefore a minimum time for the execution of schedules exists You find them in the following table Table 6 min and max schedule run times Schedule Function Standard Min Max interval A SerialrettevaltensioCON tmn imin 8 B System on Tm day DT Sensor data Lysimetert Tom 6min Td Sensor data Lysimeter 2 10 min 5 min 1day optional Sensor data Lysimeter 3 10 min 5 min 1day EN OBEN Sensor data Lysimeter 4 10 min 5 min 1day EN HEN CR fre aig S 4 FTP Upioad Tidy hour 7dmys 9 2 1 2 Changing the program permanent For permanent changes the same rules apply as for temporary ones For a change you start the config web page of the DT 80M Click on the left hand side in the pro gram tree on the schedule entry and change the measuring interval in the graphical diagram of the configuration Save the program upfront on your laptop After activating the new program on the logger the new storage intervals will be used Page 43 of 68 Please note If UMS updates your standard program your new storage intervals will be reset When you transfer the changed program all previously stored measurement values will be deleted So please download the data upfront by manually executing schedule J FTP upload 93 SMS alarms At moment SMS alarms have not yet been integrated in the data logger program
17. of lower matrix potentials After rain e g the soil surface has free water the matrix potential or pressure potential is here close to 0 hPa The water is sucked downwards by the dry soil with its negative or smaller potentials and following gravity Page 16 of 68 When the soil surface dries out it is just the other way round The water flow turns as the surface has now the lower potential evapotranspiration The water in older gravity Lysimeters can only run off when it can drain freely that means at potentials of zero hPa what is equivalent to a groundwater level So these Lysimeters are in times of high precipitation rates always too wet This influences the whole Lysimeter Vice versa they dry out too much in times of low precipitation as no water is supplied from the bottom Here is the big advantage of the Smart Field Lysimeters Their feedback control measures the water potential at the bottom and adjusts it continuously Thus the soil humidity the water flows and potentials in the Lysimeter are identical to the real field situation The length of the soil column does not need to be two meters to minimize these errors of gravity Lysimeters 4 2 How it works In the Lysimeter bottom there are several suction cups with a porous ceramic surface which is in contact with the soil above it or the soil sample respectively The pressure or the negative pressure respectively in the suction cups Is measured precisely by means of the VTENS
18. sensor The pump controller drives in a pulsed way a bi directional pump to adjust the VTENS measurement value to a reference value The reference value is usually coming from the Tensiometer that is built in field close to the Lysimeter at the same depth If the Lysimeter is in hydraulic equilibrium the VTENS measurement value correlates with the value of a Tensiometer at this depth Also a manual reference value can be set In principle the value of a farther remote Tensiometer could be used via an online connection with the data logger pressure sensor and evaluation electronics pump controller reference value suction cup at bi directional drain water Tensiometer Lysimeter bottom pump bottle in the field Figure 17 feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition 4 3 Limitations The novel feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition works very pre cisely and over a wide range of 3 kPa 70 kPa The feedback control is limited by the air entrance point of the suction cup ceramic If this point is reached at approx 80 hPa air entrances spontaneously the measure Page 17 of 68 ment value breaks down to zero and the feedback control can no longer work cor rectly In this case the pump will be deactivated If the soil becomes wet again the pores of the ceramic close and the pump can build up a vacuum again re vitalization L1 REF TENS 30cm kPa L1 VTENS 30cm kPa Figure 18 air ent
19. surface by a vacuum controller VTENS is there the actual measurement value directly within the ceramic At the boundary layer of the ceramic to the soil bottom the potential is identical In principle VTENS is therefore a 4 matrix potential value di rectly above the Lysimeter bottom Contrary to MPS2 matrix potential values this val ue can work also at zero or respectively even into the over pressure range water level inside the Lysimeter The limits of the VI ENS are set by the reference value of the Tensiometer and the air entrance point of the ceramic surface When it is met at approx 80 kPa air en ters spontaneously the measurement value breaks down to zero and the feedback control can no longer work correctly The VTENS is not a sensor located in the bottom Instead of this a reference tube is lead out which leads to suction cups in the Lysimeter bottom This tube is connected with the sensor distributor Here a precision pressure sensor and an evaluation elec troncs are situated So the VIT ENS is located in the sensor distribution box 4 Feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition Contrary to gravity Lysimeters which only drain overpressure water or free water the omart Field Lysimeter works with a drain water feedback control due to field condi tion having the real field condition inside the Lysimeter 4 1 Background Water in the soil always flows from spots of higher pressure or matrix potentials to spots
20. 1000 hPa Piezometer ao Ss ER Power supply Supply voltage Vin 6 18V DC Page 62 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter G Technical terms tensioLINK tensioLINK is a registered trademark of the UMS GmbH tensioLINK is a serial bus for sensors and devices Apart from the sensors all devices in the Smart Field Lysimeter communicate via tensioLINK tensioLINK is based on the international standard EIA 485 and RS 485 in the 2 wire version tensioLINK adds on this bus system a propietary protocol Well known other protocols using RS 485 are e g Modbus and Profibus The tensioLINK protocol is multi master compliant and communicates usually with the transfer parameters 9600 baud 8N1 Based on the robust construction of RS485 up to 128 participants can be linked together over cable lengths up to several kilometers http de wikipedia org wiki EIA 485 http www ti com lit an slla070d slla070d pdf tensioVIEW tensioVIEW is a registered trademark of the UMS GmbH tensioVIEW is a easy to use software that supports devices and sensors with the tensioL INK interface For this usually the tensioLINK USB converter in the PC is connected to the tensioL INK bus For the different types of devices tensioLINK provides descriptions and functions which with the following operations can be executed listing devices linked to the bus retrieving status data retrieving measurement data configuring operating parameters storing measurement dat
21. 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 DPLOT File DPLOT F le DPLOT F le DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File 13 11 2013 05 0 12 11 2013 05 0 11 11 2013 05 0 10 11 2013 05 0 09 11 2013 05 0 08 11 2013 05 0 1 27 1 16 1 15 1 15 1 20 1 17 07 11 2013 05 01 17 06 11 2013 05 01 18 05 11 2013 05 0 04 11 2013 05 0 03 11 2013 05 0 02 11 2013 05 0 2 08 1 30 1 15 1 16 01 11 2013 05 0 1 12 Figure 20 example of daily transmitted DBD data on the FTP server 5 2 3 2 umsdataview de server The data transfer to the server umsdataview de runs automatically when you use the UMS SIM card The server runs a service that provides your data as readable Excel files sorted by months see Figure 21 With every upload of the logger the file will be created new This is usually done once a day Please note The SIM card and the service are included in the Lysimeter basis set for the first year To extend the use please contact UMS If you do not need this service please send back the UMS SIM card Thank you Page 21 of 68 Hl SFL 098104 Backup La 2013 1 Daten Filename Filesize Filetype Last modified ba CONFIG_2013 11 xls 3 049 984 we 14 11 2013 05 16 09 CONFIG 2013 10 xls 3 142 208 Microsoft Exce 01 11 2013 05 16
22. 9 example of daily transmitted DBD data on the FTP server uenuuesssesssnensnenennnnnnennnnnennnnnnonnnenennnnnnnnnnenennnnnnnnne nenn nennen 21 Figure 20 file structure and sorted Excel files on umsdataview de nenne nenne nenne nenne nennen nnn nnne nnne nennen 22 FIGURE 21 Monor Ne logger AGG BIEGEN nenne ee ella 23 Figure 22 configuration web page of dEX eee 24 FIgUle gt sChannelVanabies by NAMEDCVO esse ee ee alicell 26 Figure 24 tensioCON iii 27 Figure 25 inizio GON GONIGUFalon regiStE seere ee ee 28 Page 65 of 68 W Smart Field Lysimeter Figure 26 tensioCON battery state ii 29 Figure 27 adjusting and Centering the Lysimeter eee 31 Figure 28 orientation and angle of the solar panel depending on the location nenn nenne nenn nenn nenne nnne nenn nnne nenn nenn nun 32 FOUG 29 CU 1G IDEE CONC GUY een ee ea een euere 33 Figure 30 inserting and removing the tubes u224u022400020000enno nenne nenne nenne nenne nenne nenne nenne nenne nnnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnne nenn 34 mision I IEVEL Ole ara WALES OU Da tomm 36 Figure 32 downwardly installation the marked pipe is the refilling tube the unmarked pipe the de airing pipe 37 Figure 23 DUB DEAUSRAr ED Al een een 38 FOUG 324 AVMO CARE E MTS 38 Figure 35 NAMEDO VS FC SONS
23. Depending on the location of the Lysimeter system winter operation can be limited or even impossible for two important reasons 1 Frost Frost prevents the operation of the drain water system and by this the feedback con trol of the lower hydraulic boundary condition In order to protect the system from frost damages the water should be emptied and pump function stopped 2 Energy supply In winter energy supply can be very limited The system switches then into the ener gy saving mode that restricts certain functions Please take care you make the system fit for winter operation If you expect strong soil frost empty the drain water bottle the aliquot sample taking and the pump sys tem After this turn off the pump system using the display function If the pump runs at temperatures below 20 C the pump tube can be damaged Page 40 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter Please note After re starting the system in spring all measurement values and data should be checked to identify damages as soon as possible 9 Expert functions 9 1 Pump system The pump system and the controller can be run in different modes They are con trolled by the data logger A special case is the complete shutdown of the pump sys tem s energy supply In the standard modus at start the pump controller adjusts VTENS and thus the the lower hydraulic boundary condition to the value given by the reference Tensiometer By entering different settings and variables
24. Eee erat 41 FIQUTE 30 MIU NCC OL DUMND RSS T OO TOT TOO mme 45 FIQUIS 3 Water balance PAR gl fS cioe 46 FIGUre 30 CV ADO IFAT SOI A OM een E E II NA IONE A II ION OOo E 48 Figure 39 mechanical contact leads to temperature dependent fluctuations ee 49 Figure 40 spikes and dropouts in measurement series nennen 51 Figure 417 CONNECTIONS ANG NCSC NOMG rain ia 52 FOUA 100 Baches reed DT 52 Figure 43 analog INPpuUt eee 52 FigUre 44 Gable CONNEGlIONS siae 54 FOUG AS S ea DUS CIEMNO eea E 55 Figure 46 bottom view of logger box CONNECHIONS nennen nennen nnne nnne nnne nnne nnne isse asse arse sese asse ansa ansa nnn 56 Tables Table 1 Smart Field Eysrmeter data logger OVO GFA u use 25 Table 2 switching outputs of tensioCON ei 28 Table 3 variables for battery management ie 29 Table CED SONETO SUDO e cibos eii tte eiae ET uei EPUM uiae E 39 Table 5 pump system val Table S usxraucesub ei detuni qos Scuid a are 42 Table 6 min and max schedule run times nenn nenn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnennnnunnnnunnnnunnnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnensnnennnnennnnen 43 Page 66 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter J References Latest data logger firmware and documentation on DT80M www datataker com downloads Smart Field Lysimeter installation manual Cutting the soil column www ums muc de Smart Fi
25. In winter the energy supply can get tight depending on the location the position of the system in the field and use 2 2 Field Box The Field Box works as a supply station for the Lysimeter It is dug into the soil in a defined distance close to the Lysimeter whereas the logger box can be set up much farer away Pump and Distribution Box drain water bottle drain water balance s Ld Figure 7 Field Box Page 9 of 68 NA Smart Field Lysimeter 2 2 1 Pump and Distribution Box updated June 2014 The Pump and Distribution Box is located in the Field Box and has 2 tasks On one hand all components are connected to it the cable to the Lysimeter the drain water balance and the reference Tensiometer and the signals are distributed according to the connections On the other hand it houses the bi directional pumps and the connection for the tubes The main pump conveys water from the Lysimeter into the drain water bottle and the other way round A second pump is used to pump out overflood drainage water when the bottle is full The system is programmed to empty the bottle from a Dranage water balance weight of 10kg to 8kg The water is pumped outside of the box by an exhaust tube which should be routed somewhere outside of the box where the water can easily flow out at the end Exhaust tube connector new since June 2014 Drainage Scale and Tank tu
26. O 0 00 E 47 1092 FOCIDO OA ENTE energie 47 1093 EVP PaO TTE TT iii 47 LLORCA Ela 49 104 FIOWS ANd errors area 49 10 4 1 Battery state of charge SOC i 49 10 4 2 Negative influence on weight values 49 10 4 3 Dropouts and spikes in measurement Series 50 ju S 52 23 0 9 9 52 B eddie ciel zu ETT 53 C Serial bus diagram nenne nnn nnne nna nnn 55 D Connections on the bottom of the logger DOX 56 E GONNECIOF Mt ASSIGNS IAL rue E E eee een eee 57 Fi TECNICA foci een EEE EEE REN 60 Ce eve aig lesz TE n eei e 63 FI SCASOFIADIE ira 64 MEE Wee TEU SS NONNO ONOR 65 ME u i ue See ee A ee 6 Page 3 0f 68 1 Introduction 1 1 Notes to this manual Installafiorsonleitung 2 won 3 Installation Gude Jof 3 SMARTFIELD LYSIMETER installofionsoristung 1 von 3 Insfollofion Guide 1 af 3 installofionsori situng 2 von 3 Installation Guide 2 of 3 SMARTFIELD LYSIMETER SMARTFIELD LYSIMETER Installation und Inbetriebnahme installation and start up Stechen der Bodensaule Erdarbeiten und Aufbau Cutting the soil column Earthworks and basic sefup Figure 1 separate parts of the manual dedicated to work in the field Please note This manual includes also 3 single pages that describe and illustrate how to install the Smart Field Lysimeters in the f
27. The sample taking is set up in a way that water runs only into the flask when water is pumped from the Lysimeter to the drain water bottle If the pump works in reverse direction a valve blocks the water flow So you get water samples in the flask accord ing to drainage events while the drainage bottle gives you the bulk composition Page 12 of 68 2 3 Lysimeter The Lysimeter consists of the Lysimeter cylinder and all parts that are mounted to it It is located in a 1 m distance from the Field Box and is connected with it by cables and tubes Iying in a protective tube matrix potential probe MPS 2 water content probe STE tes 4 eee ete Bu Lysimeter collar Lysimeter bottom equipped with novel suction cups sensor port 6x sensor distribution box Lysimeter cylinder VTENS port platform balance pump tube Lysimeter housing Figure 11 Lysimeter 2 3 1 Lysimeter balance PL 50 100 200 The Lysimeter balance measures the weight of the Lysimeter cylinder and the soil column it Thus it registers the mass of water that flows to or from the Lysimeter caused by precipitation and evaporation on the top and drains from the Lysimeter at the bottom In order to increase the resolution and precision of the balances their nominal meas uring range is according to the SFL type and weight SFL 300 with PL50 nominal range 0 50 kg max 75 kg precision 7 9 SFL 600 with PL100 nominal range 0 100 kg
28. To regener ate it remove the plastic lid and place it in an oven at 130 C for four hours It looks Orange when dry and transparent when wet Figure 35 drying cartridge 8 2 Trouble shooting in the field 8 2 1 Checking the electrical energy supply In normal operation the status LED of the tensioCON flashes in a 5 sec interval All loads switched on flash with it Page 38 of 68 Table 4 LEDs energy supply Output Device Logger Switch off by Switched off by data logger 8 zi controller tensioCON at SOC 1 Data logger DT80 oo ES 2 Pumpsystem 1DSO Only in case of failure 13 Lysimeter 1 2 sensors 2DSO Only in case of failure Lysimeter 3 4 sensors 2DSO Only in case of failure LED1 indicating the data logger function should always be on The tensioCON indi cates failures e g rechargeable battery empty by flashing the status LED red Is the data logger still active reaction on pressing the button the battery state can be read from the logger display 8 2 2 Checking the data logger During measurements the device shuts the display off to reduce energy consump tion By pressing a button the display shows a message and the backlight goes on By pressing the buttons UP DOWN you can scroll through the display modi First the logger information shows then the measurement channels Dace 37 IND ANN aimee G2 44 c wv DT80M WS 3 0 Smart Field Lysi date and time data logger version and running job Mode
29. V lead battery is managed by the tensioCON This device provides the following functions Solar charging for 12 V lead battery up to 120 Ah simultaneously measuring battery voltage and current exactly balancing the power charged and recharged to the battery controlling limiting values controlling 4 switching outputs externally controllable instead of relays switching off switch outputs at overload RS485 over voltage protection communication with the data logger DI80M via RS485 SDI12 Page 26 of 68 tensioCON Figure 25 tensioCON The tensioCON determines several times per second the battery voltage the current to or from the battery as well as the current of the connected devices like data logger pump and sensors Based on the balance the energy consumption of the connected devices and the charging energy of a connected solar panel are calculated The bat tery state is determined by the energy charged and recharged and by voltage limits The tensioCON determines the following battery data battery voltage V battery current mA positive discharging negative charging SOC state of charge The SOC is the most important information as this represents the current state of the battery Battery voltage and current are only momentarily values The tensiCON gives these data via the serial RS485 interface to the data logger Thus battery characteristic values can be stored and the data logger can s
30. a of several devices over any long periods of time reading out stored measurement values from the sensors Page 63 of 68 N Mh H Sensor table Channel Name Batt Volt Batt Curr Batt SOC Logger Box Temp Field Box Temp L1 Bottom Temp Lx LYW Lx SWW Lx Pump in Lx Pump out Lx REF TENS T4 Lx VTENS T4 Lx Echo T1 Lx Echo T2 Lx Echo T3 Lx MPS T1 Lx MPS T2 Lx MPS T3 Lx EC T1 Lx EC T2 Lx EC T3 Lx Temp T1 Lx Temp T2 Lx Temp T3 Lx Field Temp T4 Lx REF Tens Refill Type Voltage Current State of Charge Temperature Temperature Temperature Weight Weight Time Time Matrix Potential Matrix Potential Water Content Water Content Water Content Matrix Potential Matrix Potential Matrix Potential El Conductivity El Conductivity El Conductivity Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Indicator Unit mA degC degC degC kg kg kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa mS cm mS cm mS cm C SG C C bool Probe Type tensioCON tensioCON tensioCON DT80M PL10 PL 50 100 200 PL 50 100 200 PL 10 SFL PC SFL PC T8 SFL SDB STE STE STE MPS2 MPS2 MPS2 STE STE STE STE STE STE T8 T8 Schedule B B B B go O O O D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F Interval 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 1 min 1 min 1 min 1 min 10 min 10 min
31. an Internet connection with the external FTP server and storage of the data after the last upload W Working R Return L Log optional mE 5 4 2 Run time settings Channel variables The data logger uses so called channel variables for calculating and provisionally storing measurement data They can be read and written Of course you have also by the command interface access to these variables Values can be read out and manipulated If these variables are used in the config program this can influence it The Smart Field Lysimeter program uses some variables e g to control the pump system A special feature are named variables whose numbers are assigned to descriptions of the variables You can get a list of these variables by the command NAMEDCVS Page 25 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter User entry NAMEDCVS display of named variables answer Datataker DT80 gt Namedcvs Batterie Voltage Batterie Current Batterie Charge Batterie SOC Solar Pan Curre Logger Current PumpController C L1 2 sensors Cur L3 4 sensors Cur L1 LevelControl L1 Manual Setpoi L1 Setpoint L2 LevelControl L2 Manual Setpoi L2 Setpoint L3 LevelControl L3 Manual Setpoi L3 Setpoint L4 LevelControl L4 Manual Setpoi L4 Setpoint A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Figure 24 channel variables by NAMEDCVS 6 Power Management 6 1 tensioCON charging controller Charging and control of the 12
32. attery s SOC has met an acceptable value again If these problems occur soon and often you may reconsider the energy supply In some cases an optimization of the solar panel s angle may help Also increasing the capacity of the power supply may be a good idea The system is delivered with a mains supply circuit and can easily be connected to a permanent power supply from the mains 10 4 2 Negative influence on weight values 10 4 2 1 Freedom degree limited by contact If Lysimeter or drainage bottle has mechanical contact to the housing surrounding cables etc this will have a very heavy impact on weight measuring data The data will be instable and in many cases it has a high dependence on temperature Figure 40 97 00 5 25 56 50 2 20 EZ LYW kg 56 00 Hr 1 J 5 15 Sor 8 55 50 i 5 10 55 00 Lysimeter Scale Drainage Scale 54 50 54 00 53 50 Figure 40 mechanical contact leads to temperature dependent fluctuations Page 49 of 68 la Smart Field Lysimeter 10 4 2 2 Plants and snow cover Check if the plant cover at the top edge has a negative influence on the free move ment of the Lysimeter If the plant cover sprawls over the edge cutting it back makes sense A snow cover on the Lysimeter has a negative influence on the weight measurement data as forces from outside are transferred to the Lysimeter First snow event in creases weight As soon as weight of surrounding snow cover interferes due to s
33. be connectors erence Tensiometer ector Logger Box uplink connector Lysimeter Scale and tube connectors Figure 8 Pump and Distribution Box Page 10 of 68 2 2 2 Drain water bottle The drain water bottle in the Field Box works as a buffer storage for surplus water or supply water respectively By collecting the water in a bottle an exact balance of the water budget in the Lysimeter can be calculated This kind of balancing is much more precise than a flow measurement 2 2 3 Drain water balance PL 10 The drain water balance measures precisely the weight of the drain water bottle and the water that runs to or from the Lysimeter bottom The resolution of the balance is usually 1 gram or optionally 0 1 gram Air pressure equalize hole Drain water bottle Drain water balance Tube connector PL 10 Te Leveling plate Earth connector t Figure 9 drain water balance with drain water bottle and levelling plate Page 11 of 68 2 2 4 Aliquot sample taking option a Co Figure 10 apparatus for aliquot sample taking As an accessory a aliquot sample apparatus can be delivered The function is to de termine the mass of drained substances at each drainage event Therefore the flask takes an aliqout sample ratio of about 5 of the water flux drained into the drainage bottle The flask of the aliquot sample taking is mounted to the drain water bottle and thus part of the weight balance
34. c permittivity a 1 air to 80 water Elektrical conductivit 0 23 dS m bulk Soil temperature 40 C 50 C Accuracy Volumetric water content a 1 a unitless from 1 40 soil range 15 from 40 80 Using Topp equation 0 03 m m 3 VWC typical in mineral soils that have solution electrical conductivity lt 10 dS m e Using medium specific calibration 0 01 0 02 m m 1 2 VWC in any porous medium Electrical conductivity b from 0 7 dS m user calibration required above 7 m omart Field Lysimeter Soil temperature 1 C Resolution Matrix potential 4 0 1 a unitless from 1 20 lt 0 75 a unitless from 20 80 VWC 0 0008 m m 0 08 VWC from 0 to 50 VWC Electrical conductivit 0 01 dS m from 0 7 dS m 0 05 dS m from 7 23 dS m Soil temperature 0 1 C Supply voltage Vin 3 6 15V DC 0 03 mA stand by 10 mA max for 150ms MEES Page 61 of 68 la A Smart Field Lysimeter MPS2 Matrix potential sensor Measuring range Supply voltage Vin 3 6 15V DC 0 03 mA standby 10mA max for 150ms EEE Accuracy Matrix potential 10 kPa for 10 kPa to 100 kPa 25 of the measurement value for 75 kPa 500 kPa Soil temperature Operating temperature p 40 C 50 C VTENS virtual Tensiometer _ ri 1000 hPa 1000 hPa electrical 850 hPa 1000 hPa physical Soil water tension 850 hPa OhPa Tensiometer Water level 0 hPa
35. e chapter 4 Feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition The feedback control adjusts the lower hydraulic boundary condition Elther to a reference value usually given by the reference Tensiometer that is con nected to the controller Or a manually fixed value for simulation reasons or artificial ground water level tests For this the controller needs to know the reference value from T8 and the actual value VTENS The controller activates the pump in short intervals to adjust the matrix potential as precisely as possible The feedback control uses a PI proportional amp integral algorithm If necessary this algorithm can be adjusted to the characteristics of the soil The related parameters can be changed with the UMS tensioVIEW software The data logger stores the times of water inlet and outlet as seen by the Lysimeter for each pump with a 1 sec resolution In the evaluation these times can be com pared with the weights of the drain water and the Lysimeter 2 1 4 Rechargeable battery The rechargeable 12 V 24 Ah lead gel battery is located under the flap panel of the data logger The battery s capacity is sufficient for 1 to 2 weeks of normal operation depending on how it is discharged by running the pumps and how the system is equipped Page 8 of 68 2 1 5 Solar panel Figure 6 solar panel Under normal sun radiation the solar panel generates enough energy to run the sys tem with 4 Lysimeters
36. ed Even when a program configuration is active any command can be executed man ually E g a measurement of any channel can be executed once by entering the command syntax In the data logger manual you will find all information on the use of the command in terface Page 23 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter user entry gt 1V measurement of channel 1 clamp answer Datataker 256mV gt Please note A misuse of the command interface can very easily disturb the function of the pro gram and e g interrupt the data storage 5 4 Change configuration The data logger configuration can be changed using the web interface or the com mand interface respectively Two different levels are to be distinguished 5 4 1 Data logger program config The logger program is stored permanently in the logger and can be changed with configure the logger in the web interface It is programmed in a Datataker proprie tary syntax interpreter language dEX simplifies programming as it is an intuitive graphical web interface From the graphical design of the program a program file is compiled File Edit View Logger Add Help L2 Echo T1 WC 2 Site information Site information 2 Echo T2 WC Regional 2 Echo T3 WC BS P Name Smart Field Lysi N Site details Smart Field Lysimeter Version V07 2013 CEM Matrix Potential Unit kPa gue P P P P pP N N N N N P P P peo P P www w O eeeeeeeeEee EE Feeeeeee
37. eeded Generally speaking an increase of the system weight means precipitation a loss of weight means ET or drainage The system weight consists of the Lysimeter weight and components attached to it as well as the weight of the soil column and the drain water bottle Depending on climate and weather precipitation and ET may happen in relatively short intervals So for the calculation the duration needs to be taken into account in Europe we found duration of 10 min to be an appropriate value For the calculation weight values are needed once per minute If the calculation was adjusted by too short durations the uncertainties of the weigh ing data would get dominant and the results would be too high as each ripple would be calculated as precipitation or ET On the other hand the results would be too high if the durations were assumed too long Then precipitation and ET would almost can cel each other and the results would get too low At all the accuracy is still much better than every precipitation instrument we know so far as true surface situation is taken into account Page 46 of 68 10 3 1 Leachate Leachate is detected measuring the outflow mass at the lower boundary of the lysim eter One possible interpretation method for assumed 10 minutes duration can be given as follows gt m Seepage water weight data kg at time n in min The surface of the Lysimeter is 0 0707 m so 1 kg increase of seepage water weigh
38. eelelele 3 degC E L3 Field Temp T4 degC ve ter es G Figure 23 configuration web page of dEX Page 24 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter The program is structured in so called schedules i e a list of commands that is exe cuted in periodic intervals In these schedules e g measurements calculations changes of digital outputs etc can be executed The Smart Field Lysimeter program is divided in several schedules Table 1 Smart Field Lysimeter data logger program Schedule Function Interval Type Description Serial communication ten 1 min W Bi directional serial communication sioCON SFL Pump Controller with tensioCON power controller and pump controllers 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging up date and storage of measurement z 1 min balance data 1 min R L Retrieval of all Lysimeter s weight data update and storage of meas CD urement data Sensor data Lysimeter 1 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging up date and storage of measurement data Sensor data Lysimeter 2 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging up optional date and storage of measurement data Sensor data Lysimeter 3 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging up optional date and storage of measurement Sensor data Lysimeter 4 10 min Retrieval of sensors averaging up date and storage of measurement data ee RE o Autoconfig manual W Executing once the autoconfig func 3 E tion for the components FTP Upload 1 day W Setting up
39. eld Lysimeter installation manual Earthworks and basic setup www ums muc de Smart Field Lysimeter installation manual Installation and start up wWw ums muc de omart Field Lysimeter user manual this document www ums muc de Smart Field Lysimeter service manual www ums muc de General information on UMS products www ums muc de Page 67 of 68 W fg Smart Field Lysimeter c UMS GmbH Gmunder Str 37 81379 Munich Germany www ums muc de Contact Dipl Ing Andreas Steins Tel 49 0 89 12 66 52 18 as ums muc de Page 68 of 68
40. f a different battery with known capacity is used This capacity must be entered into the tensioCON so that it can work properly Only then it can determine the exact SOC Of course all values are pre set for the Smart Field Lysimeter 4 My tensioCON Sen es Eigenschaften Konfiguration Kanal Konfiguration Aktuelle Messwe te Gespeicherte Messdaten 73 tensio UNK user output switching input triggered 2 Gerateinformationen user output enable soc cut 1 rg Datenlogger user outputz cutoff point 10 J System user output trigger input digital IO 1 SDI user_output tiggerinvet 0 ig dig user_output _curentlimit 50 A 0 1 igi user output2 cutoff function retry digital IO 3 SDIT2 user output cutoff timeout 60s user outputz switching timete 0 0 Power Ausgang 1 Power Ausgang 2 Power Ausgang 3 pg Power Ausgang 4 Upload Hilfe Figure 26 tensioCON configuration register Page 28 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter 4 My tensioCON amp Eigenschaften Konfiguration Kanal Konfiguration Aktuelle Messwerte Gespeicherte Messdaten 12 35V 348mA 320mA OmA OmA always on input tiggered always on input triggered Xn M p_e Upload OK Abbrechen Hife Figure 27 tensioCON battery state 6 2 Battery management actions In schedule A the data logger checks all measurement values and status of the ten
41. f figures Figures Figure 1 separate parts of the manual dedicated to work in the field u 002240020400n0n0 nenn nenn nenn nenn nenn nenn nenn nenn nenn nnns 4 FOUE 2 1 mendeg Tea Usa ee 5 Figure 3 overall scheme system and componentSs e 6 Figure 4 logger box and components i 7 Foue 5 0312 1000er DISON ea iii iii 8 FOUS G SOlAl DAWG e 9 LUCA FCO BOX A 9 FOUS PUMPAANA DISIFIDUNOR BOX ee Eee in 10 Figure 8 drain water balance with drain water bottle and levelling plate eee 11 Figure 9 apparatus Tor aliquot sample TAKING succeuious deese rusticus mte en 12 FOUNO TOY i em TT 13 Figure 11 platform balance PL 50 e 14 Figure 12 Eysimeler Sensor CISIMOULON DOX sisse imd aiutare c mtd cna ateliceucetutsi een d d cu Ru bx Pod ma dac Um EEA 15 FOUG 13 1 8 POMS IOMC Ue Wir RU c 15 FIQULE 142 MPS2 SENSOF TEE E a TR 15 FOUG To VE SENSOR e ee 16 Figure 16 feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition ee 17 Figure 17 air entrance into the suction cup in the Lysimeter bottomn nenn nnnn nenn nenne nnne nnnm nnne nnn nennen nnns 18 FOUG to USB data fe Ol ee ee re ee uM 20 Figure 1
42. general there is an energy surplus in summer In winter a lack of ener gy may happen so that the system may restrict its operation SO it is important to optimize the panel adjustment based on winter needs It is a good rule of thumb to fix the angle at 30 related to the marker Of course you can adjust the angle according to the season Please check the battery values regularly in the system schedule see chapter 6 1 tensioCON charging controller Please note As the angle of the Smart Field Lysimeter s solar panel should be optimized for win ter operation it is steeper than the recommended angle for operating solar plants most efficiently Northern hemisph sun li Southern hemisphere 1 Figure 29 orientation and angle of the solar panel depending on the location 7 3 Connecting the tubes and adjusting the cables Please shorten the 4 mm and 6 mm tubes to the necessary length Do not use a usual side cutter but a special tube cutter It is important for getting perfect tightness to clip the tube with a precise cut Page 32 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter E Figure 30 cutting the tubes correctly Make sure you insert and remove the tube correctly When you insert the tube put it into the fitting and after internal contact push it ap prox 1 cm in When you remove the tube press the blue ring until you have removed the tube Please note If the tube has not been pushed to the very end stop the connection is b
43. i ately in power save mode sensors off modem stand by off schedule B 1 min schedule C 1 h schedule D G off 7 Installation notes Please note This manual includes 3 separate single pages that describe and illustrate how to in stall the Smart Field Lysimeters in the field Cutting the soil column Earthworks and basic setup Installation and start up These 3 pages focus on to dos in order to minimize reading time in the field If you need also background information then please read the following chapter 7 1 Adjusting the Lysimeter and drain water bottle Adjusting the Lysimeter and its balance as well as the drain water bottle and its bal ance are crucial for the quality of the measurement values Please make sure 1 The balances are levelled correctly 2 The layout of the cables and tubes to the Lysimeter keeps them mechanically flexible 3 Cables and tubes do not touch the outside of the Lysimeter cylinder and the drain water bottle Page 30 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter Figure 28 adjusting and centering the Lysimeter It is Important that the top platform of the balance on which the Lysimeter or respec tively the drain water bottle stands is free to move Cable and tube are tied together and lead up in a loose loop see 7 3 Connecting the tubes and adjusting the cables All cables not being weighing related should be packed so that they have absolutely no contact with the mass to be weighed Any enclos
44. ield Cutting the soil column Earthworks and basic setup Installation and start up These 3 pages focus on to dos in order to minimize reading time in the field whereas this user manual gives you background information Page 4 of 68 1 2 Intended use Smart Field Lysimeters are most precise field setups to determine the precipitation and the evapotranspiration at true field condition Further they measure the drainage water amount to determine the ground water recharge capacity of a field site at a cer tain soil depth The determination is based on the weight changes of the Lysimeter soil column and a drainage water bottle Additional sensor equipment is measuring matrix potential volumetric water content and temperature at certain depths This enables the user for model calibration issues based on Richards s equation HYDROS 2 D and others where fluxes are calculated based on these data The Lysimeter directly measures due to weight the atmospheric interface which is any kind of precipitation like rain dew hoar frost and the first snow event as input parameters Further it measures the output parameters like evaporation transpiration and drainage To reach true water situation inside the Lysimeter the matrix potential in the field in the depth of the Ly simeter bottom is measured and transferred it into the Lysimeter Figure 2 intended field use Page 5 of 68 2 System configuration Figure 3 overall scheme s
45. im eter weight change for the selected time period in our case 10 Minutes Lm n kg Lm n 10 kg 14 15 DS mm To compensate data uncertainties average values at the boundaries of the evaluated time period are taken Lm n Lm n 2 Lm n 1 Lm n 3 Lm n 10 Lm n 12 Lm n 11 Lm n 10 3 Page 47 of 68 ET mm P mm L mm DS mm for the selected period Please note If you have growing plants in the Lysimeter you need to continuously reduce the syst em weight by this amount of biomass 2164 Water Balance for 17 09 2009 2163 ze P SW ET AS 0 5 97 1 43 2 67 1 87 0 2162 P Precipitation mm Seepage Water mm 2161 Evapotranspiration mm S Change in Soil Water Content mm x nn u 2160 E f A MORIRE EMA IE eee 2158 i Lysimeter mass kg aes Lysimeter mass Seepage water mass kg Precipitation time minutes Evapotranspiration time minutes 2156 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 18 09 2009 00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 00 00 Figure 39 evapotranspiration This example shows the calculation for one day based on a Lysimeter with a surface of 1 square meter So one kg correlates to one mm Interpretation of data based on events 00 00 01 30 dew amount of 0 3 mm
46. imal has run across the Lysimeter In many cases dropouts and spikes can be iden tified and filtered out If the measurement values are not pre filtered this can lead to wrong interpretations e g when calculating the precipitation Page 50 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter Doe font L1 LYW kg L1 SWW kg S ET wo oO wo 05 o a 0 3 c o c gt i a poem nt Li Pump in s L1 Pump out s 0 0 04 11 05 11 06 11 07 11 08 11 09 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 13 11 14 11 15 11 Figure 41 spikes and dropouts in measurement series Page 51 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter 11 Appendix A DT80M Hardware Reset Hole External Power Connector Plug Pack Power Connector Figure 42 connections and reset hole Figure 44 analog input Page 52 of 68 B Connection diagram UMS GmbH M nchen Art Nr SFL 300 600 900 Version 06 2014 Author as ge Smart Field Lysimeter Wi mE Loggerbox LS2 LS4 are optional WI W1 Connection Logger ge wi Wi Connection Logger Mi Connection Logger Multifunktion Connection Logger Multifunktion EC 8 5 50 EC 8 5 50 LS1 LS2 LS3 LS4 Lysimetersegment Lysimetersegment Lysimetersegment Lysimetersegment imuficininininiotftiniot_i 03 inn TTT 1 1 72 72 22 1 I 1 i i l I oj 01 l E 001 E l 01 D i f i l il il i i
47. ing Ihe solar Panel iaia 31 7 3 Connecting the tubes and adjusting the cables nenne nennenen 32 7 4 AUIOCONIGHUNCHO anne 35 L FROON PR a E 35 MEM ICI CIEL PERO 36 Na MV OFAN SOVICO T T 36 8 1 1 Filling and emptying the drain water bottle 36 8 1 2 Filling the Tensiometer eee 36 8 1 3 Degree of freedom of Lysimeter and drain water bottle 37 Oli EXGHANGINO SPA DAS ini ir eR sid efe demi dua ub eee 37 8 1 5 Exchanging the drying cartridge nenn nenn nenn enenn nennen 38 o2 MrOUDIE SNOOUING In TNE TIlO aen do edi iiti des 38 8 2 1 Checking the electrical energy supply nenne nennen 38 8 22 Checking ING Gala 0998 39 8 2 3 Resetting the data logger e 40 8 3 Winter operati0N e 40 9 Expert functions e iaia 41 Ol UID Sy SUC IM e nt 41 9 2 Changing the system configuration nn 42 92 SLOrageinlelvals selsdule N ee 42 9 3 SMS alarmS e 44 10 Interpreting the measurements u0 2000 n0nan0nnnnnnanunnnunnnnnnanun nun eren 44 10 1 Influence of pump times us24unssenennnnnnenenenenn nenne nenn nenn anne nene nenne nennen 44 10 2 Balancing the weight values nenn nano nenn nennen 45 10 3 Calculating the leachate precipitation and evapotranspiration 46 TO
48. ith small capacity Not all sticks are compatible On the Datataker web site you can find a list of compatible sticks Preferably use small USB memory sticks 16 GB and check if they work reliably with the data logger 5 2 3 GPRS 3G modem integrated Data transfer via a metered connection using the internal modem of the DT80M 5 2 3 1 FTP upload standard To run this kind of operation certain parameters need to be entered into the data log ger like e g mobile phone service APN SIM PIN FTP server access data etc Page 20 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter These parameters are entered using the web interface see chapter 5 4 Change con figuration Everything is ready to operate when you use the provided UMS SIM card As a de fault the data are stored on the UMS web server umsdataview de In the web inter face of the logger you can change the FTP server and the access data Preferably you use the economical DBD format although you need to merge the data later on Ed SFL 098104 Filename Filesize Filetype Last modified 029 20131114 7060010 DED 107 488 DPLOT File 14 11 2013 05 03 07 028 20131113T060010 DBD 027 20131112T060010 DBD 026 20131111T060010 DBD 025 20131110T060010 DBD 024 20131109 T060011 DBD 023 20131108T060010 DBD 022 20131107T060010 DBD 021 20131106 T060010 DBD 020 20131105 T060011 DBD 019 20131104 TO60010 DBD 018 20131103T060010 DBD 017 20131102T060010 DBD 016 20131101 T060011 DBD
49. l sensor equipment quip Figure 47 bottom view of logger box connections Page 56 of 68 W Smart Field Lysimeter E Connector pin assignment Pin assignment DT80M Lysimeter plugs 1 4 Signal Cable color Function o Pin V white 10 14VDC 1 P brown pump 2 S green J VTENSsigal 3 velo VTENS signa a PO grey j pup 5 A pink X RS485A 6 B blue RS485 B SDH2 red sDIi2 EE NE female 8 pins GND shield GND SHD gt Pin assignment DT80M solar panel power Signal 07 10 CRo 011 Function o Pin mas DIN Page 57 of 68 NA omart Field Lysimeter Pin assignment sensor distribution box VTENS Signal Cable color Function Pin At HE 6 18VDC o1 GND shield GND nc Jnotcomecded 3 S yelow analog signal out 5 A black _ RS485A__ 6 D B bu amp RS485B 7 malee pin SD2 red SDI i Pin assignment Pump and Distribution Box reference Tensiometer Signal 67 1o Xefel e Function Pin 6 18VDC LT GND brown GND o ee 3 BE A o 5 blue RS485 B f emale 8 pins SD2 red X X SDIt2 i Page 58 of 68 NA Smart Field Lysimeter Pin assignment Pump and Distribution Box drain water balance Signal Cable color Function o Pin
50. locked Page 33 of 68 Inserting the tube m After 1st contact inside p gt push in approx 1 cm further gt Y Removing the tube Push blue ring and keep pressing N a While pulling the tube out lt q Figure 31 inserting and removing the tubes Page 34 of 68 dl Smart Field Lysimeter 7 4 Autoconfig function With the Autoconfig function of the data logger you need to configure components of the Lysimeter for the intended operation also when you retrofit components In principle all sensors are connected to acommon measuring bus that distinguishes the sensors by their addressing To reduce the configuration effort the Autoconfig function has been developed The function distinguishes between device type and connecting position There is a dedicated 8 pin plug on the logger box for each Ly simeter Each type of device exists only once within one Lysimeter line section Please note Immediately after having connected all delivered components execute the Autoconfig function by using the display functions of the data logger The configuration will run in the background No message will show in the display Please execute the Autoconfig function also after every change of your system e g when changing devices or upgrading the system Atthe moment it is not possible to cover 1 to 4 Lysimeter count with one logger con figuratio
51. logger s current data values as either a set of mimics or in a list Command provides a terminal interface to allow you to issue logger commands Help provides a variety of help for this interface and the logger in general Program Logger details Current job CONFIG Logger date amp time 2013 11 27 15 21 20 Logger type DT80LM3 3 Serial number 093433 Firmware version 9 08 3932 O Retrieve data Measurement Command Help Done System 2013 11 27 14 21 18 Figure 22 Monitor the logger page of dEX 5 3 2 FIP server The integrated FTP server offers access to the internal file system of the data logger E g you can initiate updates The FTP server is not really suitable to download measurement data For more information please see the data logger manual Please note The internal FTP server should not be confused with the FTP client that stores the data on an external web server see 5 2 3 1 FTP upload standard 5 3 3 Command interface Via the command interface you can configure and read out the data logger All en tries into the command interface use the Datataker command syntax The access to the command interface is done transparent over the logger s IP address and TCP port 7700 The dEX web interface offers in Monitor the logger a simple access to the command interface For a connection with minimized data transfer a terminal program supporting TCP sockets like ZOC or Putty is recommend
52. m Start Session Batterie SOC 86 scrolling through the measurement channels BEN smoke ti ih Page 39 of 68 Please note The data logger runs the sensor measurements clocked Between the measurements the values are not updated This can take up to 10 min depending on the measure ment value and setting The values are always synchronized at midnight That means a schedule being executed every 10 min always starts at xx 00 min xx 10 min xx 20 min Xx 30 min xx 40 min and xx 50 min Also the execution of the schedule can take approx 30 sec as especially the retriev al of sensors with the SDI12 protocol is time consuming To provide a faster diagnosis in the field the function Update Data is provided Acti vate the function on the display and then wait about 30 sec until all schedules have been retrieved Then you can read off the new measurement values from the display 8 2 3 Resetting the data logger In case of a malfunctioning a data logger reset may help to solve the problem If the device still reacts this can be done by the command SINGLEPUSH also via re mote administration If the logger does not react you can try a hardware reset For this push an opened paper clip into the reset hole on the left side see Figure 42 connections and reset hole Please note A reset initializes the data logger program That means non permanent settings will be changed to standard values 8 3 Winter operation
53. n For each Lysimeter configuration you need to load its own dedicated log ger configuration DIRO Wil Smart Field Lysi Folie Lom 3 7 LO Sid lly INGLE OCON T v 5 Flooding The design of the Field Box and the Lysimeter enclosure is not waterproof Therefore select a place at your site which is representative and preferably not in a dell depression but at a higher lying location Platform balances are water protected Page 35 of 68 dl Smart Field Lysimeter IP68 so short time flooding causes no damage but you need to empty clean and replace parts in the Field Box 8 Maintenance 8 1 Regular service 8 1 1 Filling and emptying the drain water bottle Please empty the drain water bottle to fill level when its weight has risen up to gt 9 kg Fill the bottle up when its weight has fallen below 1 kg if there is an aliquot sample apparatus below 2 kg Do all the steps fast and meticulously This is important to not make the interpretation of your measurement data more difficult Pay attention to correctly removing and inserting the tubes see chapter 7 3 Connect ing the tubes and adjusting the cables Fill level In rainy seasons where only little water will flow into the Lysimeter it is recommended to set the fill level at 2 liters In dry seasons fill it up to 8 liters Please adjust the appropriate level due to your later experience BEEE full a eee _ _ __ __ fill level
54. now crystals onto the Lysimeter you will see strong ripples in your data due to snow self compaction processes A careful cut free gives good data for a short time but new snow fall or ice will influence these after a while again Please note As winter operation of the Lysimeter is restricted anyway due to drainage frost shut downs this condition should be marked for balancing and then be filtered 10 4 2 3 Wind and vibrations otronger wind can cause the Lysimeter swinging which leads to noise in the meas urement values see Figure 41 spikes and dropouts in measurement series Also a vibration of the ground e g caused by a nearby highway can lead to noise 10 4 3 Dropouts and spikes in measurement series Dropouts and spikes in measurement series belong to the most undesirable events although experience tells they happen again and again Reasons for this are e g lack of energy sensor troubles timing problems of measuring buses animals gnawing on cables and tubes corrosion etc Please note It is essential to react as fast as possible on events listed above This is only possible by continuously checking the measurement data Do not leave it to chance E g in measurement series a weight value can show a peak When analyzing visual ly or mathematically one will realize the measurement value represents a spike or respectively an outlier Either technical explanations dropout failure may exist or natural ones e g an an
55. of the data logger the performance of the pump system can be changed If you want to keep a Lysimeter at a constant refer ence value then you need to change 2 channel variables in runtime the control vari able 6xCV and the reference variable 5xCV The x refers to the number of the Ly simeter You find the settings in the following table Once set they are kept in opera tion until you reset them Enter the command NAMEDCVS into the command window to get an overview of the current variables and values User entry NAMEDCVS display of named variables answer Datataker Batterie Voltage Batterie Current Batterie Charge Batterie SOC Solar Pan Curre Logger Current PumpController C L1 2 sensors Cur L3 4 sensors Cur L1 LevelControl L1 Manual Setpoi L1 Setpoint L2 LevelControl L2 Manual Setpoi L2 Setpoint LevelControl L3 Manual Setpoi L3 Setpoint L4 LevelControl L4 Manual Setpoi L4 Setpoint A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Figure 36 NAMEDCVS response Page 41 of 68 Table 5 pump system variables Variable Function Lysimeter Result Comment 1DSO 0 1 4 Complete shut down of the Cuts off the power pump system supply of the pump system 1DSO 1 Pump system activated Normal operation Sue CS IE LLL hh 6pjoV a 2 Co NN SP MEE BEDV reference value of impact on au the Lysimeter on SP hPa tomatic operation 9 2 Changing the system configuration 9 2
56. people to access the command interface of the data logger e g to update the software or to retrieve the status of connected sensors For technical reasons it is not possible to access this interface from the customer s end Additionally this SIM card can be used to upload data from the logger to any server in the internet Please note A 1 year use of the UMS SIM card is included in the sales price of the Smart Field basic set After this you can extend the use at favorable conditions 5 2 Data retrieval There are several possibilities to read out measurement data from the DI 80M 5 2 1 Data format The device can store measurement data in 2 different formats either as a CSV ora DBD file Datataker Binary In a CSV file the data are separated by comma or sem icolon Schedules are shown in a sequence You can set internal profiles settings to a certain degree to configure the CSV format CSV files are readable by any spread sheet program but they also have disadvantages 1 The formatis country specific and different No international standard exists That is why the import of these data into a ta ble calculation often is erroneous Reformatting is time consuming 2 The format needs much memory space The storage in the ASCII CSV format needs many data so that a transfer via metered internet connection is expensive For the transfer to and storage on the FTP server usually the DBD format is used Data are stored compressed
57. position of Lysimeter Lysimeter gently swing ing and if silicone sealing is o k Also take care of the drainage bottle not to touch the Field Box cover or cables and tubes Stones and other foreign bodies that are trapped between the Lysimeter cylinder and Nousing have an extremely disturbing influence on the weight measurement If the measurement data show such an erroneous characteristic see chapter 10 4 2 1 but no mechanical contact can be identified also dirt in the narrow slot of the platform balance can be a reason 8 1 4 Exchanging spare parts 8 1 4 1 Pump head with tubes According to pump time activity it will be necessary to exchange the pump head The total pump time can be accumulated from measuring data You can identify a malfunction of the pump and the need of replacement by the measurement values of VTENS A leakage occurred or the motor shaft was slipping disengaged Both reasons visible in the measurement data lead to an increased pump activity If the pump head needs to be exchanged you can either send the pump box to UMS or order the pump head as a spare part Page 37 of 68 For replacing the pump the pump box needs to be removed and opened Tiri NIVAODD Mia Aq 6 Figure 34 pump head spare part 8 1 5 Exchanging the drying cartridge Two drying cartridges are delivered with the Lysimeter Set Each time when you are at the site please exchange the drying cartridge inside the Logger Box
58. rance into the suction cup in the Lysimeter bottom 5 Data logger DT80M 5 1 Connections to the device The DT80M has a built in web interface The connection is IP based i e the logger has an IP address that is used to access the logger functions 5 1 1 Connection via USB For this connection the software DTUSB is used It installs drivers so that your computer can generate a virtual T C IP connection with the data logger via USB ca ble The software identifies a connected data logger shows its IP address and starts the web browser linking to the logger s homepage 5 1 2 Connection via Ethernet If an Ethernet is used the access is carried out directly via the assigned IP address Please find in the DT80 manual how to configure the IP address manually or using DHCP Page 18 of 68 dl Smart Field Lysimeter 5 1 3 Connection via GPRS 3G Remote With aGPRS 3G SIM card you can contact the data logger via mobile phone net work Please note It is possible to set up an internet connection with the data logger by using an ordi nary SIM card That means the device can e g store data on a FTP server but there is no bi directional access to the device It is not accessible from the internet For this you need a M2M card that enables connections in both directions and offers a public IP address 5 1 4 UMS SIM card The scope of delivery includes a SIM card installed in the data logger This card ena bles the UMS service
59. t means 14 15 mm Leachate L Sm n kg Sm n 10 kg 14 15 L mm To compensate data uncertainties average values at the boundaries of the evaluated time period are taken Sm n Sm n 2 Sm n 1 Sm n 3 Sm n 10 Sm n 12 Sm n 11 Sm n 10 3 10 3 2 Precipitation Rain events can clearly be identified in measurement series Evaluation principle is the assumption that during a duration of 10 Minutes Precipitation or Evapotranspira tion happens An increasing mass of the lysimeter plus Leachate L in the same time period can be interpreted as precipitation Lm Lysimeter weight data kg at time n in min The surface of the Lysimeter is 0 0707 m so 1 kg increase of Lysimeter plus L means 14 15 mm precipitation Lm n kg Lm n 10 kg 14 15 L precipitation P mm To compensate data uncertainties average values at the boundaries of the evaluated time period are taken Lm n Lm n 2 Lm n 1 Lm n 3 Lm n 10 Lm n 12 Lm n 11 Lm n 10 3 If the precipitation is calculated below the tolerance threshold of 2 5 Grams the pre cipitation is set to zero This means precipitation 0 lt 0 035 0 10 3 3 Evapotranspiration As ET is not an event but takes place in low rates over longer durations it is recom mended to calculate it using the water balance formula for a selected time period ET P L DS DS the change of stored water volume in the lysimeter can be calculated from lys
60. ure touch results in erroneous weight measurement see chapter 10 4 2 1 Freedom degree limited by contact The drain water bottle has to be placed exactly in the center of the Field Box oth erwise it can get in contact with the Field Box lid causing weight measurement errors too Place the Lysimeter exactly in the center of the Lysimeter housing During the instal lation stones and gravel may have fallen into the gap between Lysimeter and hous ing If so please remove them After having fixed the silicone sleeve gasket please check the function by slightly moving the Lysimeter with your finger it should start to swing a bit 7 2 Adjusting the solar panel Correct adjustment of the solar panel is crucial for the continuous operation of the system Please make sure you know how to correctly adjust the panel upfront or re spectively optimize the orientation and angle during operation The solar panel of the Smart Field Lysimeter does two jobs 1 Supplying energy 2 Shielding the logger box from sun radiation The orientation of the panel is related to the markers glued to the mast to the south on the northern hemisphere and to the north on the southern hemisphere Page 31 of 68 Please note A wrongly orientated mast fixed in the ground cannot easily be corrected and even tually has a negative influence on the power supply The energy consumption and the power of the solar panel always depend on local conditions In
61. witch into an energy saving mode if necessary The tensioCON switching outputs are connected to the data logger the modem the pump controller and the sensors The tensioCON is configurated in a way that the data logger is always switched on except for the battery s SOC being at a critical level The 3 other switching outputs are switched on and off by the data logger serially or by digital outputs Thus the data logger can minimize the energy consumption if needed So primarily the data logger controls the switching outputs and by this the connected devices If certain critical values have been underrun the tensioCON automatically switches off the devices as a final instance Page 27 of 68 Smart Field Lysimeter Table 2 switching outputs of tensioCON Output Device Logger Switch off by Description controller tensioCON at SOC 5 1 data logger DT80M lt 5 Permanent power supply of the data logger It can initial ize the energy saving mode itself 2 pump controller 1DSO lt 25 Pump controller and pump E a MMM 3 sensors Lysimeter 1and 2 2DSO lt 10 All Lysimeter sensors and 4 sensors Lysimeter 2 and 3 3DSO lt 10 All Lysimeter sensors and The tensioCON can be connected with a PC For this a tensioLINK USB converter and the related software from UMS are necessary By this software you can configure e g the internal switching functions and the switch off conditions Also a change of the charging curve is possible i
62. ystem and components Page 6 of 68 2 1 Logger box and related components Up to 4 Lysimeters can be connected to the logger box solar panel GSM antenna logger box Li ene inside data logger DI 80M tensioCON controller pump controller rechargeable lead battery lightning protection N below 4x Lysimeter connector Figure 4 logger box and components 2 1 1 Data logging and controller The DT80M is on one hand a data logger All measurement data are logged and can later on be read out automatically or manually On the other hand this device also works as a controller of the Smart Field Lysimeter functions The communication with the devices connected to it is partially bi directional Page 7 of 68 NA Smart Field Lysimeter user inter face USB memory stick Ethernet analog inputs USB host digital and serial sensor inputs Figure 5 data logger DT80M 2 1 2 tensioCON The tensioCON controls the power management of the Smart Field Lysimeter It charges and controls the built in 12 V lead battery 2 1 3 SFL Pump Controller Each of the up to 4 connected Lysimeters has its own pump controller It controls a bi directional peristaltic pump that is located in the Field Box The pump controller is in charge of precisely adjusting the matrix potential in the bot tom of the Lysimeter called the lower hydraulic boundary condition due to field con dition For more information se

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