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The UPS Howto

1. BIT OK while INVERTER define INV define INV define INV defiined 1 TIOCM_CTS HIGH as 1 to hndle killing the inverter as 0 value to skip TIME is the time in seconds to hold the line by INVERTERBIT high to kill the inverter ERTERKILL 1 ERTERBI TIOCM_RTS ERTERTIME 5 87 5 xj 7 x E ay EJ x ed tf E 7 7 af LA BRK kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kk k kk k kk kk kk k kk k k K A K KK KX KX AKA A A A A A K k k k kk fe I m aware that current nam End of File unipowerd h KKK kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kk k kk kk k k k k K K K A AK AA AK AAA AA KA KA A A A KA A A k k kk of the package is genpower if I haven t try it yet as see no reason to switch to the new version meantime Nevertheless here is the add on for genpower 1 0 1 s genpowerd h very stabl file hopefully I translated unipowerd h correctly Add on for genpower 1 0 1 s genpowerd h file ae sustainer Evgeny s Sustainer S 40A 0 0 Evgeny 8 5 Sustainer S 40a TIOCM DTR 0 TIOCM_RTS 1 Diy TIOCM_CAR 0 former s ms to work TIOCM_CTS 0 36 The UPS Howto 8 6 Systel Another Israeli company I never ended up purchasing a UPS from them but they were very good about getting me detailed documentation on their communicati
2. I was hoping I would be able to connect it to my unused game port but that doesn t have an output does it I ll probably end up getting an extra printer port for this Not all UPS use optocouplers some use simple relays which are less critical to connect but of course not as nice gt Has anyone written a package that watches the UPS and does a shutdown gt or something when the power is off SysVinit 2 4 and probably 2 5 as well has a powerd daemon that continually watches a serial port for presence of the CD Carrier Detect line and signals init when it drops Init then activates shutdown with a time delay If the power returns within a few minutes the shutdown is cancelled Very Nic The only problem I had with it is that it doesn t actually tell the UPS to turn off when the shutdown is complete It just sits there with a root prompt I ll probably write a small program to shut it down gt from etc brc RSN gt Colin Rafferty Lehman Brothers lt craffert lehman com gt Hennus Bergman 8 12 TrippLite BC750LAN Standby UPS Tom Webster webster kaiwan com the author of the genpower package sent me information on the TrippLite BC750LAN If you have one of these your probably best off using his package But for completeness here s his cable wiring diagram done by trial and error and without documentation UPS System DB 25 DB 25 1 lt gt 1 Ground 2 lt gt 4 Power Fail 8 lt
3. 3 4 case 0 write fd OK n break case 1 write fd FAIL n 5 break case 2 default write fd LOW n break close fd kill 1 SIGPWR Main program int main int argc char argv int fd int dtr_bit TIOCM_DTR int flags int DCD CTS int status 1 int DCD_count 0 CTS_count 0 int tries if arge lt 2 fprintf stderr Usag exit 1 Feedback powerd lt devic gt n 30 The UPS Howto Start syslog openlog powerd LOG CONS LOG PERROR LOG DAEMON Open monitor device if fd open argv 1 O_RDWR O NDELAY lt 0 syslog LOG ERR s s argv l sys_errlist errno closelog exit 1 Line is opened so DTR is high Force it anyway to be sure ioctl fd TIOCMBIS amp dtr_bit Daemonize switch fork case 0 Child closelog setsid break case 1 Error syslog LOG_ERR can t fork closelog exit 1 default Parent closelog exit 0 Restart syslog openlog powerd Now sample the while 1 LOG CONS LOG _DAEMON DCD line Get the status Ad ioctl fd TIOCMGET sflags Check the connection DSR should be high tries 0 while flags amp TIOCM DSR 0 Keep on trying and warn every two minutes if tries DSR TRIES 0 syslog LOG ALERT UPS
4. Positive DC test voltage Negative DC test voltage Equalizer mode Secondary Data Carrier Detect Secondary Transmitted Data SBB 119 lt Secondary Receiver Clock 115 gt Receiver signal Clock Divided Clock Receiver Secondary Reguest To Data Terminal Ready Signal Ouality Detect Ring Indicator Data rate selector Data rate selector Transmitted Clock Pin Assignment for the Serial Port RS 232C 25 pin and 9 pin 6 3 Serial port pin assignments 17 The UPS Howto i 13 1 5 NG oO Gh He A ae Awe v a we OF No ww ce RS232 connectors Na an ae Gil ay ono a a A Nag ere oH seen from outside gt of computer 14 25 6 9 Data Terminal Equipment i e computer DCE Data Communications Equipment i e modem RxD Data received 1 is transmitted low 0 as high TxD Data sent 1 is transmitted low 0 as high DTR DTE announces that it is powered up and ready to communicate DSR DCE announces that it is ready to communicate low modem hangup RTS DTE asks DCE for permission to send data CTS DCE agrees on RTS RI DCE signals the DTE that an establishment of a connection is attempted DCD DCE announces that a connection is established 6 4 loctl to RS232 correspondence Since you also might need to modify powerd c to raise and lower the correct lines you might also need the numeric values of different terminal sign
5. e 8 5 Sustainer S 40a 8 6 Systel e 8 7 Deltec Power Fiskars Power Systems and Exide e 8 8 Beaver model UB500 UPS e 8 9 Sendom e 8 10 Best e 8 11 GPS1000 from ACCODATA e 8 12 TrippLite BC750LAN Standby UPS e 8 13 APC 9 How to shutdown other machines on the same UPS Next Previous Contents Next Previous Contents 1 Introduction This HOWTO covers connecting a UPS to a computer running Linux The idea is to connect the two in such a way that Linux can shutdown cleanly when the power goes out and before the UPS s battery gives out This includes pointing out the existence of software packages which aid in establishing such communications and detailing exactly how such communications are carried out The latter often is unnecessary if you can find a software package that s already been configured for your UPS Otherwise you ll have to read on 6 Hardware notes The UPS Howto To a large extent this document is even more redundant than when I originally wrote it three years ago All the basic information has always been contained in the powerd man page that comes with the SysVinit package Whereas three years ago one could commonly find Linux distributions which didn t even include this man page I don t believe this is the case any longer Furthermore when I first wrote this Howto there was no software other than powerd c for Linux UPS communications and control Today there are quite afew UPS control packages a
6. gt 8 Sensing Circuit 3 lt gt 2 Inverter Shutdown 20 lt gt 22 Circuit 8 12 TrippLite BC750LAN Standby UPS 44 The UPS Howto 8 13 APC If the above plethora of APC packages doesn t get you running maybe the following sections will help APC Back UPS There seems to be some controversy as to the accuracy of the information here on APC Back UPSs So please be careful I m prefacing this section with one message of caution I received It might not make a lot of sense before the rest of this section is read but this way at least you re more likely to see it And again since I don t have any APC UPS units I can t verify the accuracy of either of these messages A message of caution From ind43 sunl1000 ci pwr wroc pl Sun Oct 9 11 00 42 1994 Newsgroups comp os linux admin Subject BUPS HOWTO warning From ind43 sunl000 ci pwr wroc pl Marek Michalkiewicz Date 6 Oct 1994 18 38 15 GMT Organization Technical Univeristy of Wroclaw NNTP Posting Host ci3ux ci pwr wroc pl X Newsreader TIN version 1 2 PL2 If you want to connect the APC Back UPS to your Linux box this might be of interest to you There is a good BUPS HOWTO which describes how to do this But it has one bug The RTS serial port signal is used to shut down the UPS The UPS will shut down only if it operates from its battery The manual says that the shutdown signal must be high for at least 0 5s But few milliseconds is enough at least
7. 0 FILE fd char scr char idf etc rc shutdown var run upsd pid void upsterm void upsdown int int main int argc char argv int pd int zero 0 char db d A7 char low 0 char pow 1 check arguments switch argc case 4 scr argv 3 case 3 wait atoi argv 2 case 2 break default fprintf stderr usage s lt device gt wait script n argv 0 exit 1 check if script exists if fd fopen scr r fprintf stderr fopen s exit 1 fclose fd s n scr sys_errlist errno check if upsd is already running if fd fopen idf r fprintf stderr fopen s File already exists n idf exit 1 become a daemon switch fork case 1 error fprintf stderr fork s n sys_errlist errno exit 1 case 0 child break default parent exit 0 save the pid if fd fopen idf w fprintf stderr fopen exit 1 fprintf fd Sd n int getpid fclose fd yee s s n idf sys_errlist errno APC Smart UPS 1400 67 The UPS Howto open monitor device if pd open argv 1 O_RDWR O_NDELAY lt 0 fprintf stderr open s s n argv 1 sys_errlist errno exit 1 daemon is alive openlog upsd LOG_PID LOG_DAEMON syslog LOG_INFO daemon started signal r
8. The UPS Howto continue default break powerfail status Never happens return 0 8 4 Trust UPS 400 A I received a submission about the Trust UPS 400 A I don t know if it s the same as the Trust Energy Protector 400 so I m including the submission Marcel Ammerlaan lt marcel ch twi tudelft nl gt hjstein math huji ac il UPS addition 16 Jul 1997 01 17 11 100 From To Subject Date Wed Hello Harvey I ve got an addition to your Trust UPS 400 A which isn t to be manufactured anymore by But that doesn t mean it s no UPS Howto I ve got a listed This product doesn t seem it s producer www trust box nl t available anymore I ve got mine really cheap just a month ago products so maybe ther Also this company just relabels ar o I have included a picture of under another label The cable was easily construc thers that have got the same UPS the UPS in case anybody got such a beast ted based on the original powerd cable and the documentation from trust It clearly describes which pins of the D shell connector of the UPS carry which signal It extends the original design with 2 extra functions 1 Battery low indication 2 Power down UPS The cable I created looks like s the other attachement This cable has been tested with powergend by Tom Webster and did work completely although your milage may vary Type pleur Cable Pow
9. pins 5 and 8 on the UPS side using the resistor Pin 8 provides the common referenced supply no greater than 40vdc Here s how you would make the cable the 1st thr lines are the same as the HOWTO PC side UPS side pin 7 lt gt 1I ShutDownUPS 1 lt gt 2 LineFail D4 gt 4 same as 9 GND your choic lt gt 5 LowBatt gt 10 lt KOhm 8 So then when the LowBatt line is HIGH then the computer has 2 minutes to shut down before the battery runs out This is not mentioned in the Back UPS HOWTO nor is it addressed in the backupsd source However I would think that it would be a Good Thing to have in there especially since a power failure would not require a shutdown unless the UPS batteries were low In most cases it would mean that the backupsd could send a warning to everyone if the LineFails and giv veryone a one or two minute warning when the batteries start running down As far as I know this applies to all the APC Back UPS and Smart UPS products These instructions were for a Smart UPS 900 1250 and 2000 according to the NT KB However they have been tested with a Back UPS 400 running Windows NT and everything works properly I d sure like to have a backupsd that handled the LowBatt situation too Does anyone feel like modifying the backupsd c source so that it will do this too I can t program in C yet P S The APC manual says to use only pin 4 as the common and ev
10. Board To use some features of the UPS you need four things APC Smart UPS 700 57 The UPS Howto 1 You have to build a RS232 cable with a small interface 2 You need the powerd source from the sysvinit package I use version 2 65 from Miguel van Smoorenburg Then you have to patch his powerd 3 You have to change your etc inittab 4 You need a script to run some commands if the power is down or battery is low Some features When the power goes down a script will start and a syslog entry is done If the battery is low an other script will start which shutdown your computer of course and a syslog entry is done If you shutdown your computer and the power is down the UPS will be shut down too 1 Let s start with the cable If you have a look at the back side of you UPS you will see a female connector like this 8 1 Shutdown the UPS when the power is down and pin 1 is high X X X X 3 Goes low on Linefail X X X X X 4 GND 5 Goes low on Low battery 1 3 4 5 8 24V On the other hand at the back side of your PC there exist a male connector like this 8 6 1 DCD X X X X 4 DTR X X X X X 5 GND 5 4 1 6 DSR 8 CTS You have to build the following interface between these connectors RE UPS APC Smart UPS 700 58 The UPS Howto 8 470 Ohm ca 9 12V 47 33 3 3 3 3 1 470 kOhm kOhm kOhm kOh
11. Child closelog setsid break case 1 Error syslog LOG ERR can t fork closelog exit 1 default Parent closelog exit 0 APC Smart UPS 700 The UPS Howto Restart syslog openlog powerd LOG_CONS LOG_DAEMON syslog LOG_INFO APCpowerd started Now sample the DCD line while 1 Get the status ioctl fd TIOCMGET sflags Check the connection CTS should be high tries 0 TIOCM have a look at ams termios h while flags amp TIOCM_CTS 0 Keep on trying and warn every two minutes if tries 60 0 syslog LOG_ALERT UPS connection error sleep 2 triestt ioctl fd TIOCMGET amp flags if tries gt 0 syslog LOG_ALERT UPS connection OK Calculate present status status flags amp TIOCM_CAR Did DCD drop to zero Then the power has failed if oldstat 0 amp amp status 0 count if count gt 3 powerfailed 1 powerfail 0 else sleep 1 continue Did DCD come up again Then the power is back if oldstat 0 amp amp status gt 0 count if count gt 3 powerfailed 0 eigentlich unnoetig rebootnow 0 powerfail 1 else sleep 1 continue Low battery and Linefail if rebootnow 0 if powerfailed 1 if flags amp TIOCM_DSR 0 rebootnow 1 APC Sma
12. Lam Dang Date Fri 19 Aug 1994 11 56 28 GMT Organization NETCOM On line Communication Services 408 261 4700 guest X Newsreader TIN version 1 2 PL1 Didn t make it the first time A few netters have asked about UPS monitoring cables This is what I found when I made one for my APC Smart UPS Model 600 A disclaimer is in order This is just an experimenter s report use it at your own risks Please read the User s Manual first especially Section 6 4 Computer Interface Port The cable is to run between a 9 pin female connector on the UPS and a 25 pin male connector on the PC Since I cut off one end of a 9 pin cable and replaced it with a 25 pin connector I had to be VERY CAREFUL ABOUT PIN NUMBERS The 25 pin hood is big enough to contain a voltage regulator and two resistors I got all the materials listed below from Radio Shack for less than 10 bucks As reguired by Windows NT Advanced Server 3 5 Beta 2 the interface between the UPS connector and the PC connector is as follows UPS 9 pin PC 25 pin 1 Shutdown 20 DTR 3 Line Fail gt T5 4 Common 7 GND 5 Low Battery 8 DCD 9 Chassis Ground 1 Chassis Ground This is pretty straightforward You can use UPS pin 6 instead of 3 they re the inverse of each other The complication is in pulling up UPS open collector pins 3 or 6 and 5 This APC model provides an unregulated output of 24 Vdc at UPS pin 8 The ou
13. and wait a couple of minutes It print a warning messages and then halt the system after a few mintues Best Fortress Using Best s software 4 The UPS Howto e If that works take out the c500 from the line in your inittab which basically means shut down the system right away instead of when the UPS power runs out and you re good to go 3 0 Conclusions I welcome suggestions for improving this document or the techniques described herein As of this writing Best Power seemed interested in including this or other information in their documentation to help Linux users with their product so this is definitely a company to support Let them know how you feel at sales bestpower com and support bestpower com Best Fortress LI 950 Some comments on the Best Fortress From lnz dandelion com Wed May 31 19 53 09 1995 Newsgroups comp os linux hardware Subject Re UPS for use with Linux From Leonard N Zubkoff lt lnz dandelion com gt Date 25 May 1995 16 27 55 0700 Organization Dandelion Digital NNTP Posting Host dandelion com NNTP Posting User root In reply to nautix community net s message of 23 May 1995 09 41 40 0700 In article lt 3pt384 sicGodin community net gt nautix community net writes Ditto what Craig says APC was very uncooperative but I have only good things to say about Best I use their Fortress LI 660 model 660 VA lots of status features on the front etc The CheckUPS software costs
14. ante gt 8 Clear To Send 4 Common S gt 5 Ground 5 Battery Low gt 4 t gt 1 Data Carrier Detector 8 Battery 24V gt 10K UPSD DESCRIPTION usage upsd lt device gt wait script devic device name upsd interacts thru e g dev cuaal wait time secs to wait before running script default value 0 sec script system shutdown script default etc rc shutdown Actions upsd logs all the changes of UPS status power up down battery low ok When power down and battery low upsd activates UPS SHUTDOWN signal waits for a lt wait gt seconds and then runs system shutdown script lt script gt Script sample bin sh Script is executed when system is going down PATH sbin bin usr sbin usr bin echo System is going DOWN right NOW wall reboot Upsd source UPS daemon Copyright 1997 Slavik Terletsky All rights reserved Author Slavik Terletsky lt ts polynet lviv ua gt System FreeBSD include lt stdio h gt lt stdlib h gt lt signal h gt lt syslog h gt include lt unistd h gt e include e e e include lt varargs h gt e e e e e includ includ include lt fcntl h gt include lt errno h gt include lt sys uio h gt lt sys types h gt lt sys ioctl h gt includ includ APC Smart UPS 1400 66 The UPS Howto include lt sys ttycom h gt int status int wait
15. are low The powerd daemon will remain in this state Each time powerd changes state it notifies the init process so that the appropriate action can be taken These events are logged using the system logging facility If DSR is low there must be something wrong with the cable Powerd keeps monitoring the DSR line and every two minutes sends a warning message to the system logging facility Running powerd The powerd daemon should be launched from the system initialization scripts during system startup I added the following lines to my etc rc d rc local script Add support for the UPS echo Starting powerd daemon rm f etc turnUPSoff stty crtscts speed 75 lt dev cua3 gt dev null if x usr sbin powerd then usr sbin powerd dev cua3 fi First we remove if present the file etc turnUPSoff This file is used by the system shutdown script etc rc d rc 0 in my case to decide whether we want to turn the UPS off See later in this document for more information Then we disable hardware flow control on the serial device connected to the UPS and set its baud rate to 75 Now we re confident that the TX signal will stay high for a time long enough to turn the UPS off if we send a character to the serial port again see later Finally we launch the powerd daemon specifying the serial port to monitor Notice that we re not going to read characters from the serial device so don t worry if you have interrupt con
16. cable and doesnt work ups relais i hope this can be useful dont use relais but some electronic s one way BUT NO TH first try inverting OTHER so if you if you want to include this somewhere the cable in th feel free to correct my english please aknowledge this mail even with an empty mail so i know it arrived end 8 10 Best Information on Best UPSs is available on at the Best Power website Their website includes the checkups tar section Software package for communicating with Best UPSs both in smart mode and in dumb mode and it includes source code so you can compile it under Linux 8 9 Sendom 39 The UPS Howto Best Fortress Using Best s software Linux Best Power UPS Mini HOWTO by Michael Stutz stutz dsl org and http dsLorg m v1 0 14 Aug 97 0 0 Disclaimer Copyright 1997 by Michael Stutz this information is free it may be redistributed and or modified under the terms of the GNU General Public License either Version 2 of the License or at your preference any later version and as long as this sentence remains this information comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE see the GNU General Public License for more details 1 0 Introduction Best Power are the makers of high quality UPS products with their Fortress line in particular being well suited for typical Linux users Although thei
17. connection error sleep DSR SLEEP tries ioctl fd TIOCMGET sflags if tries gt 0 syslog LOG_ALERT UPS connection OK Calculate present status DCD flags amp TIOCM_CAR CTS flags amp TIOCM_CTS if status 1 status DCD 0 0 1 if DCD 0 syslog LOG_ALERT Power Failure UPS active powerfail 1 Feedback 31 Feedback switch status case 0 case 1 case 2 The UPS Howto if DCD 0 amp amp DCD_count 0 CTS_count 0 sleep TO_SLEEP CTS 0 continue if DCD 0 DCD_count if CTS 0 CTS_count if DCD_count lt TO_DCD amp amp CTS count PO CTS sleep 1 continue if CTS_count TO_CTS status 2 syslog LOG_ALERT UPS batteries low break status 1 DCD_count 0 syslog LOG_ALERT Power Failure UPS active break if DCD 0 amp amp CTS 0 DCD_count 0 CTS_count 0 sleep T1_SLEEP continue if DCD 0 DCD_count if CTS 0 CTS count Lf DCD count lt Ti BCD amp amp CTS_count lt TL CTS sleep 1 continue if CTS count T1_CTS status 2 syslog LOG_ALERT UPS batteries low break status 0 DCD_count 0 CTs count 0 syslog LOG_ALERT Power okay break sleep 1 32
18. document e Download and investigate all packages which seem specifically tailored to your UPS e Download and investigate the more generic packages Note that some of the more generic packages are actually more powerful better documented and easier to use than their more specific counterparts e If you still can t get things working or if points are still unclear read this document more carefully and hack away What you need to do Summary e Plug the computer into the UPS e Connect the computer s serial port to the UPS with a special cable e Run powerd or some sort of equivalent on the computer e Setup your init to do something reasonable on powerfail and powerok events like start a shutdown and kill any currently running shut downs respectively for example 5 2 How it s supposed to work 5 Do it yourself guide UPS s job When the power goes out the UPS continues to power the computer and signals that the power went out by throwing a relay or turning on an opticoupler on it s control port Cable s job The UPS Howto The cable is designed so that when the UPS throws said relay this causes a particular serial port control line typically DCD to go high Powerd s job The powerd daemon monitors the serial port Keeps raised lowered whatever serial port control lines the UPS needs to have raised lowered typically DTR must be kept high and whatever line shuts off the UPS must be kept low When powerd sees t
19. extra and needs some hacking to fit into my FSSTND ish file system the directories and file names are hard coded to fit into SunOS 4 1 x I d be happy to send you my diffs if you want them I love it when a vendor ships the source as a normal business practice The CheckUPS software is limited to doing automagic shutdowns though The UPS can give lots of status information CheckUPS only asks for O If the power has failed how much battery time remains Best follows up on their customer satisfaction cards too I indicated that I was dissappointed that CheckUPS didn t do more status reporting like input voltage output voltage percent load etc which is available from the UPS I asked for a the spec on the interface lingo they said sure and had it to me in 2 days free A full featured UPS status checker is on my back burner Does anyone see a demand for such a utility Let me add yet another recommendation for Best Power I just purchased a Fortress LI 950 though I declined on the CheckUPS software Unlike some other brands a simple thr wire cable is all that s needed to connect the Fortress to a serial port no need for pull up circuitry in the cabling A few minutes hacking and I had program to act as both a shutdown monitor daemon and to kill the inverter output when the system is shutdown while on battery power Best Fortress LI 950 42 The UPS Howto I may eventually want to use the smar
20. follows CTS power fail or off CTS low battery DSR power fail DSR low battery oft CD power fail CD low battery of o p o p RI power fail RI low battery DTR inverter off RTS inverter off DIP switch SW601 for Beaver model UB500 UPS eo Bo Pe fo DIP switch SW601 for Beaver model UB500 UPS The switches form groups of adjacent pairs for each output pin They are mutually exclusive don t try to turn on both switch 5 and 6 simultaneously for example or you ll be shorting the low battery and power fail signals That s all there is to it Feel free to add this do your documentation 8 8 Beaver model UB500 UPS 38 8 9 Sendom Documentation on using the Sendom UPS From charli lt mefistos impsatl To hjsteinGmath huji ac il Subject ups howto contribution Date Wed 13 Nov 1996 19 07 41 hjsteinGmath huji ac il sir The UPS Howto com ar gt 0200 i connected a sendom ups with the help of your UPS howto and man powerd perhaps this thing extends to some and discovered something useful other ups im using slackware 3 0 distribution etc inittab already done cuaX i used the man powerd diagram 9pin 25pin DTR 4 20 Ss s DSR 6 6 DCD uf 8 GND 5 7 i has the soft configuration in its only needed to add the rc local powerd relais the fact is that the sendom ups solid state device and it work make the
21. for my APC Back UPS 600 Using RTS to shut down the UPS can be dangerous because the RTS goes high when the serial device is opened The backupsd program then turns RTS off but it is on high for a moment This kills the power when backupsd is first started and there is a power failure at this time This can happen for example when the UPS is shut down unattended and the power comes back for a while Either start backupsd before mounting any filesystems for read write or better use TX pin 3 instead of RTS pin 7 to shut down the UPS pin numbers are for 9 pin plug Use ioctl fd TCSBRKP 10 to make TX high for one second for example Using TX should be safe aybe I will post the diffs if time permits Marek Michalkiewicz ind43 ci3ux ci pwr wroc pl 8 13 APC 45 The UPS Howto BUPS HOWTO Luminated Software Group Presents HOWTO use Back UPS by APC to keep your linux box from frying Version 1 01 BETA Document by Christian G Holtje lt docwhat uiuc edu gt Cabling info and help Ben Galliart lt bgallia orion it luc edu gt This document under one condition is placed in Public Domain The one condition is that credit is given where credit is due Modify this as much as you want just give some credit to us who worked PEST A A SE ode oo p oh eo IESE PIE SR IG AR eb o o ee RS AE EE ER EE I ee EE WV arin I nor any of us who have written or helped with this document make and guarantees
22. in their product line I have now added smart mode signaling to the package and support with APC s own cables or a custom cable if you don t have an APC cable that is supported to date smartups 1 1 tgz From the LSM A powerd and an X11 graphing utility which shows you the voltages frequencies load percentage and battery level in realtime The protocol that the Safeware software uses and Tripplite UPSs are supported Source ELF binaries ups tar gz From the LSM Program to interact with battery backups Powerbox UPS usvd 2 0 0 tgz From the LSM usvd is a daemon that monitors the state of an uninterrupted power supply and reacts upon state changes line fail line back battery low situations You can write your own scripts that are called in these cases It does not require SYSVINIT 4 Software 8 The UPS Howto Note that I ve only glanced at these packages I haven t used them We were just about to start using bestups 0 9 tar gz in conjunction with powerd 2 0 tar gz but we never quite got around to it NextPreviousContentsNextPreviousContents 5 Do it yourself guide This discussion is specifically tailored for dumb UPS control However most of the process is about the same for dumb UPSs and smart UPSs The biggest difference is in the details of how the UPS monitoring daemon typically powerd communicates with the UPS Before doing anything I suggest the following algorithm 5 1 e Skim this
23. ind43 sun1000 ci pwr wroc pl e Jim Ockers ockers umr edu e Evgeny Stambulchik fnevgeny plasma gate weizmann ac il e Clive A Stubbings cas vjet demon co uk e Miguel van Smoorenburg miguels cistron nl e Slavik Terletsky ts polynet lviv ua e Tom Webster webster kaiwan com 1 1 Contributors The UPS Howto Note that email addresses appearing below as excerpts from email messages can be out of date The above is probably out of date too but some of it s more recent than what s below Also many apologies to anyone whom I ve failed to note in this list Please email me and I ll add you 1 2 Important disclaimer I really can t guarantee that any of this will work for you Connecting a UPS to a computer can be a tricky business One or the other or both might burn out blow up catch fire or start World War Three Furthermore I only have direct experience with the Advice 1200 A UPS and a 5kva Best Ferrups and I didn t have to make a cable So BE CAREFUL GATHER ALL INFORMATION YOU CAN ON YOUR UPS THINK FIRST DON T IMPLICITLY TRUST ANYTHING YOU READ HERE OR ANYWHERE ELSE On the other hand I managed to get everything working with my UPSs without much information from the manufacturer and without blowing anything up so it is possible 1 3 Other documents This document does not cover the general features and capabilities of UPSs For that type of information you might turn to The UPS FAQ It can a
24. ioctl pd TIOCMSET amp status lt 0 fprintf stderr ioctl s n sys_errlist errno t 1 exi wait and then run script sleep wait system scr Slavik Terletsky University Lvivska Poytechnika Network Administrator mailto ts polynet lviv ua NextPreviousContents Next PreviousContents APC Smart UPS 1400 69 The UPS Howto 9 How to shutdown other machines on the same UPS Some people myself included have several computers running Linux connected to one UPS One computer monitors the UPS and needs to get the other computers to shut down when the power goes out We assume the computers can communicate over a network Call the computer that monitors the UPS the master and the other computers the slaves In the old days this required some fancy programming These days the best thing to do is to pick up either the powerd 2 0 tar gz package or the upsd 1 0 tgz package see section Software and follow the instructions Both are able to run on the slaves in a mode where they connect over the network to a powerd or upsd process running on the master to query the status of the UPS Some of the APC specific packages seem to have this ability too Note though that if your network is insecure you might want to add a little security to this lest someone spoof the slave powerd processes into thinking that the power is out Another possibility is to go for SNMP Simple Networ
25. is not running O Check that shut down is no longer running Yank the UPS s plug again Leave it out and make sure that the computer shuts down properly in the proper amount of time The Dangerous Part After everything seems to be proper power down the computer and plug it into the UPS Run a script that sync s the hard disk every second or so Simultaneously run a second script that keeps doing a find over your entire hard disk The first is to make this a little safer and the second is to help draw lots of power Now pull the plug on the UPS check again that shut down is running and wait Make sure that the computer shuts down cleanly before the battery on the UPS gives out This is dangerous because if the power goes out before the computer shuts down you can end up with a corrupt file system and maybe even lose all your files You ll probably want to do a full backup before this test and set the shutdown time extremely short to begin with Congratulations You now have a Linux computer that s protected by a UPS and will shutdown cleanly when the power goes out 5 4 User Enhancements e Hack powerd c to monitor the line indicating that the batteries are low When the batteries get low do an immediate shutdown e Modify the shutdown procedure so that if it s shutting down in a powerfail situation then it turns off the UPS after doing everything necessary 5 4 User Enhancements 11 The UPS Howto NextPreviousContentsNextPrev
26. low battery conditions and POSITIVE for remote shutdown Serial line parameters such as baud rate don t matter I haven t tested my cable with Linux powerd When you do please let us know I run NT as often as Linux on the same PC I must conform to NT s UPS scheme Perhaps somebody can modify powerd to work with it and post the source code her List of materials shielded D sub connector hood Radio Shack 276 1510 25 pin female D sub crimp type connector 276 1430 7805 5Vdc voltage regulator 276 1770 4 7K resistors component perfboard 276 148 cable with at least one 9 pin male connector PRPNRRR You ll need a multimeter a soldering iron and a couple of hours Hope this helps Regards Lam Dang dangit netcom com APC Smart UPS 700 Here re some details for running an APC Smart UPS 700 in dumb mode It has a clever usage of a transistor in the cable so that the UPS will turn off when the computer is turned off And it includes a powerd c which also does a fast low battery shutdown Also note that Markus is also using init s new capabilities So we have here another illustration of how to use the new init to your advantage From Markus Eiden lt Markus eiden de gt Sender eiden eiden d To Harvey J Stein lt abel netvision net il gt Subject Re APC Smart UPS Date Sun 30 Mar 1997 16 21 05 0200 I m using an APC Smart UPS 700 for my Linux box running 2 0 21 on an ASUS
27. of the information available at the serial port we need to run a program which monitors the port decodes the signals and sends the appropriate messages to the operating system i e to the init process The init process can execute scripts and programs designed to handle gracefully the power failure event Compiling powerd In Appendix A you ll find the source code of powera the daemon I use to monitor the Trust Energy Protector 400 650 To compile it you will need the source code of the sysvinit package I used the code from sysvinit 2 60 Just overwrite the original powerd c and compile it How powerd works AS soon as powerd Starts it opens the serial device connected to the UPS and forces DTR high It then forks a daemon and exits leaving the daemon running The powerd daemon can be in one of three states State 0 POWER IS GOOD In this state powerd reads the serial port every TO_SLEEP seconds see the define lines at the beginning of the code If DCD drops powerd switches to state 1 If CTS drops How the cable works 24 The UPS Howto powerd switches to state 2 this shouldn t happen without DCD dropping before but I decided to stay on the safe side State I POWER FAILURE A power failure was detected DCD is low and powerd reads the UPS port every T1_SLEEP seconds If DCD becomes high it switches to state 0 If CTS drops it switches to state 2 State 2 POWER CRITICAL UPS batteries
28. or claims for this text source hints If anything is damaged we take NO RESPONSIBILITY This works to the BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE but we may have made mistakes So be careful Pfs 3g ole ole K K K K fe K K ohe K K K ohe K fe K K K ohe ohe ohe K ohe ohe K K K ok K K K ole ohe K ohe ohe ode odk K K K K ohe ole K ohe K K K K K K K ohe ohe K KK K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 2 K K Al right you just bought or are going to buy a Back UPS from APC Other brands might be able to use this info with little or no modification but we don t know You ve looked at the price of the Power Chute software cabling and just are not sure it s worth the price Well I made my own cable and my own software and am using it to automatically shut off the power to my linux box when a power failure hits Guess what You can too The Cable This was the hardest part to figure out I know little about hardware so Ben did the most work for this To build one you need to buy from your local radio shack or other part supplier this stuff 1 9 Position Male D Subminature Connector solder type Radio Shack cat no 276 1537c 1 9 Position Female D Subminature Connector solder type Radio Shack cat no 276 1538c 2 casings for the above plugs usually sold separately Some stranded wir wire made of strands not solid wire You also need but may be able to borrow 1 soldering iron BUPS HOWTO 46 The UPS Howto solder Okay this is how yo
29. or office use where th computer will not be left unattended This of course was unacceptable and I began working on a line monitor planning on opening up the case and figuring out how to add the hardware that the manufacturer had left out Then I realized that there was a quicker and simpler and cheaper if somewhat less functional way I had an old 2400 baud modem that I wasn t using and hooked it up to an unused serial port on my computer I then plugged the modem into a surge supressor plugged into the wall power I set up powerd with the options as follows serialline dev ttyS1 monitor DCD failwhen low Now when the wall power fails or since that hasn t happened lately when I pull the surge supressor from the wall to test this setup the modem fails but the UPS starts supplying power to the computer When powerd notices the modem has dropped DCD it triggers the powerfail sequence Obviously this has some limitations You can t tell from the modem when the battery is low and so on You can only tell that the wall power has failed Still it s certainly cheap and I hate to see functioning computer equipment lie unused These days you should be able to get a 2400 baud modem for very nearly free I d still suggest getting a real UPS with full communication capability But if you re stuck with a less functional one this may at least make it useful Sincerely Ray Ingles 810 377 7735 inglesra frc com
30. software packages and avoid this Howto entirely As of 15 March 1997 or so Sunsite s UPS directory had quite a few packages available Other sites seem to have UPS control packages available too Here s what I ve found to date all but two from sunsite Enhanced APC BackUPS tar gz A package for controlling APC Smart UPSs Seems to basically follow the BUPS Howto included here but also seems to have some low battery warning support 4 Software The UPS Howto Enhanced APC UPSD v1 4 tar gz The 1 sm file says that it s formerly the above package but it actually includes the above package as a tar gz file inside of this tar gz file The documentation is spotty It seems to support APC UPSs in both smart mode and dumb mode but I can t be sure apcd 0 5 tar gz Another package for controlling APC Smart UPSs Seems to include some sort of master slave support i e one machine signals others to shut down when the power goes out Seems to use the UPS in smart mode as opposed to via modem signal line toggling smupsd 0 9 1 i386 rpm smupsd 0 9 1 src rpm The author David E Myers dem netsco com writes smupsd monitors an APC Smart UPS TM under Red Hat TM Linux Should power fail smupsd will power down the system and the UPS in an orderly fashion smupsd has the following features Shuts down the system and the UPS based on either remaining UPS battery charge or elapsed time since power failure U
31. t careful at all and had to clean my partition several times testing my config But it works BUPS HOWTO 49 The UPS Howto Where to Get It Miquel van Smoorenburg s SysVInit can be gotten at sunsite unc edu pub Linux system Daemons SysVinit 2 50 tgz and a fix for some bash shells is right next door as sunsite unc edu pub Linux system Daemons SysVinit 2 50 patchl As to getting this HOWTO you can email me docwhat utuc edu with the subject saying regues and the keyword backups in body of the letter I may automate this and other stuff Credit Where Credit s Due Dept Thanks to Miquel van Smoorenburg lt miquels drinkel nl mugnet org gt for his wonderful SysVInit package and his powerd c which helped me very much Christian Holtje lt docwhat uiuc edu gt Documentation backupsd c what wasn t Miguel s rc power Ben Galliart lt bgallia orion it luc edu gt The cable Information for the RS 232 standard Lousy Jokes none quoted here backupsd c Simple Daemon to catch power failure signals from a i Back UPS from APC Parts of the code are from Miguel van Smoorenburg s powerd c Other parts are original from Christian Holtje lt docwhat uiuc edu gt I believe that it is okay to say that this is Public Domain just give credit where credit is due Disclaimer We make NO claims to this software and take no s resposibility for it s use misuse F include lt sys
32. the power comes back up Here is my entire rc power bin sh BUPS HOWTO 48 The UPS Howto rc power This file is executed by init when there is a powerfailure Version etc rc d rc power 1 50 1994 08 10 Author Christian Holtje lt docwhat uiuc edu gt Set the path PATH sbin etc bin usr bin sbin dangerous Find out how we were called case 1 in start echo Warning there is Power problems wall Save current Run Level ps gawk if 5 init amp amp 1 1 print 6 X cut 2 d cut f1 d X gt tmp run level power sbin shutdown h 1m tr stop echo Power is back up Attempting to halt shutdown wall shutdown c vr echo Usage 0 start stop exit 1 ii esac Pretty nifty no Actually there is a problem here I haven t had time to figure it out If there is a sh wizard out there There is one little detail left that is having the UPS turn off the power if it was halted with the power out This is accomplished by adding this line into the end of your halt script sbin backupsd dev backups killpower This will only kill the power if there is no power being supplied to your UPS Testing the stuff This is just a short section saying this BE CAREFUL I recommend backing up your linux partitions syncing several times before testing and just being careful in general Of course I m just recommending this I wasn
33. 7 What to do when you re really stuck 19 The UPS Howto Anybody who has ever seen a photograph showing the kind of damage that a trout traveling that fast can inflict on the human skull knows that such photographs are very valuable I paid 20 for mine Dave Barry NextPreviousContentsNextPreviousContents 8 Info on selected UPSs This section contains UPS specific information What I d like is to have the UPS control port information what each pin does and needs to have done information on the manufacturer supplied cable what it connects where and a hacked version of powerd c which works with the UPS What I currently have is fairly complete descriptions of setting up each UPS I d try to distill out the relevant information but since I can t test each UPS it s hard to decide exactly what s relevant Furthermore each UPS seems to have some additional quirks that are nicely described by the authors of each section So for now I m leaving everything in Makes for a hefty Howto Please send me your experiences for inclusion here 8 1 General Experiences I ve been saving peoples comments but haven t gotten permission yet to include them here Here s a general summary of what I ve heard from people APC Won t release info on their smart mode without your signature on a non disclosure agreement Thus people are forced to run their smart UPSs in the dumb mode as outlined above Various people have had varying amounts of suc
34. ERO ASK RAKA UKA U BUSU SR ERO PHA SP PoE dar k 25 The imittab Tile and the shutdown Seri prs seisssrisissesaeiuiii ko i Henek Eats k EE ESENE BAKE SAE OREN 26 DLAI M LEIL A AAEE EEA a o o ae E E 26 AMEE 10 P E E E E ee E E E E E E E E ery 26 The systemi smitdown Senpi eirean ei ee r EEE E EE E af RISE EURU DNA oe ii R EE EN Sida LA dR A ee O O 27 The UPS Howto Table of Contents Legal Die erranera e n E TA 28 Appendix A So rce code for the powerd daemon sisisi se siienscsressrsskossnisssisrssssnider 28 eR 0 E20 E A E OR P E O O 33 E C al Al PR P S T VOP S OE T O O O E atm 34 AES VIE R O ee eRe 37 6 7 Deltes Power Fiskars Power Systems dnd EXE as acsesuccccesmncscgstorendvansaagtooss spins auwreen eaten aivelecease 37 8 8 Beaver model UB SO UPS sisicesscnincesacs revs diod Him A p dy pok sens lol oka kk o nk 38 P ES T001 RSP PER AR O S O O O O O O P O OR O E A 39 P DO AEE A E AAE E E EE AEE E A abys AAN E EE A AET AE E E 39 Best Forties Using Bests BOI Wat sss csccdecbravaccnntsnteroranas Koa REEERE NEENA PATEA Bnk 40 PES Fornes LEO aep AE o E eo o aang anes 42 Pest Peres E E E S 43 Ge Cab OUO Fron ACCOA TAi E RT 43 12 ripple BC 0 AR Sana UES henare o A o ok ENEN Ene 44 JEA E A E T E nn TORO 45 APC Baek ST on caidas aneteamonnseeuiend 45 A message pi AU arrenar r rE E E EE 00 ASA SAOP SP Ente oV SK 45 BAE SEO LO e EA ET ain hae EERTE EEEE at et ba 46 LIEL E R OE IORI E NA EEIEIEE O O OOP RE IEE ARE A A NEER TERE EN RR
35. O 52 APE TP O n S 55 ZPU MAK U eana a a T 55 APR Smar ES Made OOU ye ada p hod od o B ees 56 APC Smart UPS Psy dole aay Sana ok dt cag ls Pola peed Pc lon k n Tee 57 ABC man UPS PUUT eaa E datu n dn 65 9 How to shutdown other machines on the same UPS ccc cecccececececesesesesessesssesessesesessseeeeeeeaes 70 The UPS Howto Harvey J Stein hjstein bfr co il Berger Financial Research Ltd v2 42 18 November 1997 This document will help you connect an uninterruptable power supply to a Linux box if you re lucky Copyright c 1994 1995 1996 1997 by Harvey J Stein You may use this document as you See fit as long as it remains intact In particular this notice along with the contributions below must remain untouched 1 Introduction e 1 1 Contributors e 1 2 Important disclaimer e 1 3 Other documents 2 lmportant note on obsolete information 3 Smart and dumb UPSs 4 Software 5 Do it yourself guide e 5 1 What you need to do summary e 5 2 How it s supposed to work e 5 3 How to set things u e 5 4 User Enhancements The UPS Howto The UPS Howto 6 Hardware notes e 6 1 How to make a cable e 6 2 Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd c e 6 3 Serial port pin assignments e 6 4 octl to RS232 correspondence 7 What to do when you re really stuck 8 Info on selected UPSs e 8 1 General Experiences e 8 2 Advice 1200 A e 8 3 Trust Energy Protector 400 650 e 8 4 Trust UPS 400 A
36. OR RO CUE TI ah lemme meet A RO ere ete rr sete weer rr ere eremeerr s Senr eater meer see 9 D2 HOW its SUB 0 to WEIL dc O E R 9 PRE te ee NIN L a ical BSS R O pnd ALT O O O OL ees 10 22b User Enhance i hehe dolehne sin rae sup bod dk peas ony lo la Ko n ATEN TREE Ji EE ERO RO AOL S AANE E BON AE E EE EA E E A n dk AKA Kodl A hod ol kv E 12 ol How te make a Cable nenian carnea r E EEE EOT E T E a 12 6 2 Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd ccccceesccsseecsececesececeeceeescceeeceseeeeceeeeenseeeeees 14 CF K ET ROKA PT R L oo a R E ns ees eT ed A n b 16 GA 06H io RS 232 SOr re SOROS cnain aae a A D EEE 18 Te Whatiodowhen you Te really SHOCK ssccecessccesinncoecaes sare cacverestateecaaaipccduboierd eeestendiupienceservextantsiviediievialas 19 PRO AG Ve Wes UE 5 sca air aps tse aed sak us de IRE Ke A AI IN ue 20 pieneni ESN et os pay vanssanticia pati cateli sehr ale p n Lana etapa ae apse aT eats 20 PEAD E KPA 0 A OPOP P PROP tuteseatssutaanntodddan aa dan macaantuiadennizteaineices 21 6 5 Tisi Ernerey Protector JOO SUarin arr a a O OE EEN 22 The cdimpnterto UPS ONO o zou bee atoaki ode adem em REI AO ANS AERES 22 The UE signa Ro oo sxe ne da AES zl Va na K 23 No ASE CRSP S SEES E O E P O rir ae A Nenpern Se ETP Sa eanr ter etree eet a 23 Hos SO L E P PE R P O O O O 24 BT IRA AL SK PAE A ori PARP PEP VV POOR S S O VOV OAO P OOP OR pan O UR O 24 Comping OO oo pad oba AA 24 FAN CT 0 L O R VE a 24 PTE powerd escorar rar
37. PS I used this for testing When I was satisfied they gave me a cable they use for Netware servers connected to UPSs It functioned identically Here are the details e DTR Powers cable make powerd c keep it high e CTS Power out stays high and goes low when power goes out e DSR Battery low stays high Goes low when battery does e RTS Turns off UPS keep it low Set it high to turn off UPS The powerd c that comes with SysVinit set or left RTS high causing the UPS to shut off immediately when powerd was started up 8 3 Trust Energy Protector 400 650 This section is good for more than just the Trust Energy Protector It illustrates how to work with the new features of init How to use a Trust Energy Protector 400 650 under Linux by Ciro Cattuto Version 1 0 31 March 1997 The computer to UPS connection The Trust Energy Protector 400 650 is equipped with a remote signal port Using a properly designed cable it is possible to connect the UPS port to the serial port of a computer thus making it aware of power failure events 8 3 Trust Energy Protector 400 650 22 The UPS Howto The UPS signal port These are the pin assignments for the DB 9 signal port of the Trust Energy Protector 400 650 as described in the user s manual pin 2 The relay will close when input power fails pin4 Common for pins 2 and 5 pin 5 The relay will close when the battery inside the Trust Energy Protector 400 650
38. PS parameters can be monitored live from any host with the graphical monitor program upsmon written in JavaTM UPS parameters can be logged to a file for analysis and reporting When additional systems share the same UPS instances of smupsd running on these systems can read UPS parameters from the one running on the system serially connected to the UPS master slave Network access from remote hosts can be controlled via the etc hosts allow file genpower 1 0 1 tgz A general UPS handling package Includes configurations for many UPSs two TrippLite configurations and three APC configurations Includes good documentation A best buy powerd 2 0 tar gz A replacement for the powerd that comes with the SysVinit package As opposed to comments included in the documentation it doesn t seem to have been merged into the SysVinit package as of version 2 62 Its advantages are that it can act as a server for other powerds running on other machines for when you have a network of machines hanging off a single UPS and it can be configured by config file the source code doesn t have to be edited and recompiled upsd 1 0 tgz Another replacement for powerd Seems to be guite comparable in features to powerd 2 0 tar gz checkups tar 4 Software 7 The UPS Howto This package is for controlling Best UPSs It s direct from Best s web site Includes binaries for lots of unix flavors but more importantly it includes source code so yo
39. RTS int set bits int flags int status oldstat 1 int count 0 int pc if arge lt 2 fprintf stderr Usage upscheck lt device gt lt bits to set gt n exit 1 Open monitor device if fd open argv 1 O_RDWR O NDELAY lt 0 fprintf stderr upscheck s s n argv 1 sys_errlist errno exit 1 Get the bits to set from the command line sscanf argv 2 Sd amp set_bits while 1 Set the command line specified bits amp only the command line specified bits ioctl fd TIOCMSET amp set_bits fprintf stderr Setting o n set bits sleep 1 Get the current line bits ioctl fd TIOCMGET sflags fprintf stderr Flags are o n flags Fiddle here by changing TIOCM_CTS to some other TIOCM until this program detects that the power goes out when you yank ho the plug on the UPS Then you ll know how to modify powerd c if flags amp TIOCM CTS pe 0 fprintf stderr power is up n else pe pent Toy fprintf stderr power is down n 6 2 Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd c 15 The UPS Howto close fd 6 3 Serial port pin assignments The previous section presupposes knowledge of the correspondence between terminal signals and serial port pins Here s a reference for that correspondence taken from David Tal s Frequently Used Cables and Connectors document I m
40. The UPS Howto The UPS Howto Table of Contents Te UPS M anaE 1 Harvey J Stein hjstein bfr co il Berger Financial Research Ltda eee eecceeseceeeeseeceeneeeeneeceeeeeeees 1 E A a TEED EATI ERROR PONOR EE VR sates salen E asaya O RO O O ane 1 2 JUmportant not on obsolete informatii iier ireren renina a EN A OEA EE E AE NR a 1 Aa A a UE eaa N 1 ZE O ROE oR a O V en aris ta OR A VO RET a oso 6 lon 1 sh EN TE VOI N IA 5 do cing pees nie aes bid pad l od doo oa A dd p ies 1 ELA a i IOS lt s zka A T O ENA EE AI E E E dna EE A EE EE S A E E 2 7 hat todo when vonta realy siut ra sccatsseccvsrsaounncsssedans vedereasnsenaaniesiearsaneweenolasssivoocwaisuseewartoerueesesseanies 2 EA Pn ie US UE e wins vais en nant k Ota dd o po one k V on 2 9 How to shutdown other machines on the same UPS oc cccccccececececesesesesesesesesessseeesesessseeeseees 2 V VAR Ah coo ROK SO PSO O euabeoe eaten ATS RS 2 LLE ODIO cn ae cas eeeay Sac dop balen tino din n G eo stp demas eae acoder Po o oo o 3 12 Serer HA E be okol Va Az V CHA Oy n a trey rer 4 L Ober Ce UN S c cet decay a sat kluk paces ah eddy es pata ir dalo dn Bira aS Ga PAS a 4 2 Important Note on obsolete Wil OCA ON seta insesiatasapioidansanetermaiatncilesmadanne Mermaid 4 Se Smat and dumb UES hanier E soe voasaweieaneasaba E eisauounes 5 ZE POL n o EE AAN AA EEN lo o nao AETA ENA TEN E ostudu E E AS 6 2 BRL 2 U E ROP VPP P P V R O EERE O O NEAR PEE 9 eRe BOA OM tered B ROADS
41. als The can be found in usr include linux termios h but are reproduced here for reference Since they could change you re best off confirming these values against said file modem lines define TIOCM_LE 0x001 define TIOCM DTR 0x002 define TIOCM RTS 0x004 define TIOCM S 0x008 define TIOCM SR 0x010 define TIOCM_CTS 0x020 define TIOCM CAR 0x040 define TIOCM RNG 0x080 define TIOCM DSR 0x100 define TIOCM CD TIOCM CAR define TIOCM RI TIOCM RNG Note that the 3rd column is in Hex NextPreviousContentsNextPreviousContents 6 4 loctl to RS232 correspondence 18 The UPS Howto 7 What to do when you re really stuck Here s a novel solution to UPS control for when the UPS and the computer just aren t on speaking terms I must say that every time I read this I m struck by how clever a solution it is From Raymond A Ingles lt inglesra frc com gt To hjsteinGmath huji ac il Subject UPS HOWTO tip Date Mon 24 Feb 1997 11 48 32 0500 EST I don t know if others would find this useful but I thought I might pass this along for possible inclusion in the HOWTO Thanks for maintaining a HOWTO that I found very useful My fiancee bought me a UPS as a present a Tripp Lite 400 I believe It was very welcome and seems to operate as expected but unfortunately doesn t have a serial interface to let the computer know the line power has failed It s apparently intended for home
42. also need to connect DTR and DSR together This way powerd can check now and then if DSR is high so it knows the UPS is connected Usage powerd dev cua4 or any other serial device Author Miquel van Smoorenburg lt miquels drinkel cistron nl gt Some minor changes by Markus Eiden lt Markus Eiden de gt for the APC Smart UPS powerd Version Jessi 29 Feb 1996 This program was originally written for my employer Cistron Electronics who has given kind permission to release this program for general puppose Copyright 1991 1996 Cistron Electronics This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version Some minor changes for the APC powerd by Markus Eiden Markus Eiden de Use the new way of communicating with init define NEWINIT include lt sys types h gt include lt sys stat h gt include lt sys ioctl h gt include lt fcntl h gt include lt errno h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt unistd h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt signal h gt include lt syslog h gt include lt string h gt include paths h ifdef NEWINIT include initreq h endif if
43. are more sophisticated These versions can be signaled to run one of three scripts Thus init can have a powerfail script for announcing a power outage a powerfailnow script for doing an immediate shutdown and a powerok script for halting any pending shutdowns This is much cleaner than the gyrations one would have to go through with the mechanisms detailed below Although most of the discussion here assumes the old init communication method I just added two new sections where the authors uses the new communcation method These are sections Trust Energy Protector 400 650 and APC Smart UPS 700 The former is especially detailed Both include a powerd c which signals init to do an immediate shutdown when a low battery signal is received as well as the relevant etc inittab lines to make this work Other than this all I can tell you is to look at the source code for init Also for all I know many of the software packages listed below also use this newer communication method NextPreviousContentsNextPreviousContents 3 Smart and dumb UPSs UPSs fall into two categories which I ll call smart and dumb The difference between the two is the amount of information one can get from the UPS and the amount of control one can exert over the UPS Dumb UPS Connects to the computer via serial port Uses modem control lines to communicate with the computer Can signal whether or not the power is out Typically can signal whether or not th
44. cess reverse engineering Best Helpful and friendly Supply source code and documentation both for dumb modes and smart modes TrippLite One person reported that TrippLite won t release info either Upsonic One person reported that Upsonic has discussed technical details over the phone answered questions via fax and are generally helpful 8 Info on selected UPSs 20 The UPS Howto 8 2 Advice 1200 A UPS from Advice Electronics Tel Aviv Israel they stick their own name on the things I don t recommend them Our experiences with them have been very bad We ve twice had a 17 monitor fry when the power failed We ve had computers spontaneously reboot when the power failed None the less for completeness here s he UPS Control Port s pin specifications e 2 Power Fail e S Battery Low s 6 Shut Down UPS e 4 Common ground for pin 2 5 6 They also gave me the following picture which didn t help me but may help you if you want to build a cable yourself 2 x lt The here indicates the type of this transister I forget what denotes what but this one points away from the center line Z A A S n N l OAE 10K 6 8 2 Advice 1200 A 21 The UPS Howto Cable supplied They first gave me a cable that was part of a DOS UPS control package called RU
45. ckages for using them in smart modes see the afore mentioned packages Enhanced APC UPSD vl 4 tar gz apcd 0 5 tar gz and smupsd 0 7 1 i386 rpm described in section Software I don t know how the support in each package is It seems that APC still refuses to release the protocol for the smart mode without a non disclosure agreement so everyone s left reverse engineering it The general consensus is to buy from a brand which does release the information such as Best Another possibility is to run the SCO Unix version of APC s Powerchute UPS control software under Linux via the iBCS compatibility package I m told by Clive A Stubbings cas vjet demon co uk that this works nicely after some install script adjustments He says that the only problem is the GUI stuff seems to have difficulty controlling non local UPSs across the net If you have an APC Smart UPS and you can t get any of the above software to work in smart mode you can still use it in dumb mode The following sections detail how to do that In particular I ve received messages from people regarding the Model 600 the Model 700 and the model 1400 You ll probably have to hack powerd c as outlined in section Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd c APC Back UPS Pro 650 55 The UPS Howto APC Smart UPS Model 600 From dangit netcom com Mon Aug 22 10 16 23 1994 Newsgroups comp os linux misc Subject UPS Monitoring Cable For APC From dangit netcom com
46. cument comes as is Use it at your own risk I can t be held responsible for any damage or loss of data resulting from the use of the code and information given here Ciro Cattuto Appendix A Source code for the powerd daemon powerd c powerd Catch power failure signals from a Trust Energy Protector 400 650 and notify init Usage powerd dev cua3 or any other serial device Author Ciro Cattuto lt ciro stud unipg it gt Version 1 0 31 March 1997 This code is heavily based on the original powerd c code by Miquel van Smoorenburg lt miquels drinkel ow org gt This program is free software you can redistribute it and or Feedback 28 The UPS Howto modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version state 0 power is good define T0 DCD define TO CTS define define T1 CTS define T0 SLEEP define DSR SLE define NEWINIT ifndef SIGPWR endi ifdef NEWINIT endif define DSR_TRII void alrm_handler 10 interval between port reads 3 number of seconds DCD has to to cause an action 3 number of seconds CTS has to to cause an action state 1 power is failing define T1 SLEEP 2 interval between ports read
47. down script that is executed during a power outage This one will halt the system cat gt etc upsdown lt lt EOF bin sh shutdown h now lt dev console amp EOF Now make directories for the documentation and the source code mkdir usr doc best mkdir usr local src best e Mount the CD ROM and untar the unix checkups tar file into the tmp directory or somewhere similar cd tmp tar cdrom unix checkups tar e Change into the etc best advanced directory that should have been extracted from the checkups tarball e Copy the documentation and UPS script files to their proper place in the sytem cp README usr doc best cp manual txt usr doc best cp bestsend etc cp source c usr local src best e Clean up the tmp mess and compile the software cd usr local src best rm R tmp etc gcc o checkups checkups c gcc o mftalk mftalk c mv checkups usr local sbin mv mftalk usr local sbin e Test the UPS Replace ttySx with the serial port of your choice If you have a good connection you should see a row of characters print across the screen mftalk dev ttySx e Make the checkups program run at startup for testing This can be done in several different ways described in the manual The way I did it is by adding this line to etc inittab ups 234 once usr local sbin checkups c500 dev ttySl e Test it Do this by taking out power to UPS by pulling out the fuse connected to the UPS
48. e battery is low The computer can usually signal the UPS to turn itself off Smart UPS Connects to the computer via serial port Communicates with the computer via normal data transfer through the serial port Typically has some sort of command language that the computer can use to get various pieces of information from the UPS to set various operating parameters for the UPS and to control the UPS such as turning it off Usually smart UPSs can be operated in dumb mode This is useful because as far as I know the company which manufactures the most popular smart UPS namely APC will only disclose the communication 3 Smart and dumb UPSs 5 The UPS Howto protocol for their UPSs to people who sign a non disclosure agreement As far as I know the only smart UPS available which is easy to communicate with under Linux are those made by Best Furthermore BEST fully documents the smart mode and the dumb mode of their UPSs BEST also supplies source code for programs which can communicate with their UPSs All the packages listed in section Software will communicate with a UPS in dumb mode This is all you really need The ones specifically for the APC UPSs make various claims as to being usable in smart mode but I don t know exactly what they permit A full implementation would give you a pop up window with all sorts of fun gauges displaying various statistics for the UPS such as load internal temperature fault history input vol
49. e this one in stead gt gt o DTR gt gt gt resistor gt 10 kilo Ohm gt gt Pay To serial port gt gt o o D D gt gt o UPS gt relais gt gt gt o o GND gt The DTR is kept high when the UPS s power input is gone it will close the relais The computer is monitoring the DCD input port to go LOW When this happens it will start a shutdown seguence 6 Hardware notes 13 The UPS Howto Danny lt gt Danny ter Haar lt dannyth hacktic nl gt or lt danny cistron nl mugnet org gt Robins law 103 a couple of lightyears can t part good friends 6 2 Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd c Try to get documentation for the cables that your UPS seller supplies In particular find out e What lines need to be kept high e What line s turn off the UPS e What lines the UPS toggles to indicate that Power is out Battery is low You then need to either hack powerd c appropriately or use one of the above configurable packages see the packages genpower 1 0 1 tgz powerd 2 0 tar gz orupsd 1 0 tgz described in section Software If you use one of the packages follow the instructions there If you want to hack powerd c keep reading If you have trouble getting the above information or just want to check it a good idea the following program might help It s a hacked version of powerd c It allows you to s
50. eaction void signal SIGT monitor device while 1 clear bits ERM upsterm vy if ioctl pd TIOCMSET amp zero lt 0 fprintf stderr exit 1 ioctl s n sys_errlist errno get device status if ioctl pd TIOCMGET amp status lt 0 fprintf stderr exit 1 ioctl s n sys_errlist errno determin status ds d6 status amp 0x20 status amp 0x40 d7 status amp 0x80 power up if d7 d5 if pow syslog LOG_CRIT pow 1 power down else if pow syslog LOG_CRIT pow 0 battery low if d6 amp amp low syslog LOG_ALERT low 1 down ups if pow upsdown pd battery ok if d6 amp amp low syslog LOG_CRIT low 0 APC Smart UPS 1400 power up power down battery low battery ok 68 The UPS Howto sleep 1 not reached return 0 void upsterm log termination message syslog LOG_INFO daemon terminated remove pid file unlink idf exit 0 r void upsdown int pd log shutdown message syslog LOG ALERT system is going down remove pid file unlink idf save our filesystem sys sys sys cem cem cem bin sync bin sync bin sync shutdown ups sta Cus TIOCM_DTR if
51. en though in the diagram it says that pin 9 is connected to pin 4 you might want to be sure and use pin 4 This differs from the instructions in the HOWTO P P S I mailed this to the Back UPS HOWTO authors Jim ockers umr edu Ask me about Linux http www umr edu ockers home pag From Peter Kammer lt pkammer liege ICS UCI EDU gt To Harvey J Stein lt hjstein math huji ac il gt cc Christian G Holtje lt docwhat uiuc edu gt More notes 53 The UPS Howto Subject UPS Howto minor correction Date Mon 07 Oct 1996 12 00 16 0700 Mr Stein Let me first thank you for putting together and maintaining the Linux UPS HowTo document I recently attached a APC Back UPS 400 to a a Linux box and the document turned out to be very helpful I would like to suggest a correction to the the text diagrams which accompany the description in section 11 5 2 The diagrams are presented as being the rear of the plug This in mind the diagram of the male is backwards Male Side This goes into the UPS _From the rear_ the pins on the male connector are numbered right to left The correct diagram should be Male Side This goes into the UPS Similarly the numbered diagram should be labeled as for the rear of the female plug The rear of the male is numbered the revers This caused us some confusion until we realized our mistake With four different configurations to be aware of front rear x male
52. er TIOCM_DTR 0 Inverter Kill TIOCM RTS 1 Inverter Kill Time 5 Power Check TIOCM_CTS 0 Battery Check TIOCM_CAR 0 8 4 Trust UPS 400 A 33 The UPS Howto Cable Check TIOCM_RI 0 Although just as the powerd cable the cable check function isn t used because the UPS doesn t seem to support it Well that s about it I guess If you need more information about the UPS the cable or the software feel free to contact me And remember everything described here works for me but I don t guarantee it will for you Marcel Ammerlaan CEO Pleursoft explains the cablename doesn t it The Netherlands A RSA implemented in 3 lines of perl deleted by the editor gt Marcel Ammerlaan Paardenmarkt 78 2611 PD Delft The Netherlands lt m j ammerlaan twi tudelft nl gt Just another nerd on the loose 8 5 Sustainer S 40a Information on the Sustainer S 40a From fnevgeny plasma gate weizmann ac il Evgeny Stambulchik To hjsteinGmath huji ac il hjsteinGmath huji ac il hjsteinGmath huji ac il hjstein math huji ac il Subject UPS HowTo add ons Date Sun 10 Sep 1995 13 09 50 0300 IST Hi Harvey This is an addition to your UPS HowTo I m using Sustainer S 40a UPS for a few months with unipower package now it s called genpower and home made cable constructed as follows I ve sent all this stuff to Tom Webster author of the package too and it should appear in the next v
53. ersion UPS SIDE LINUX SIDE 2 POWER FAIL 1 8 a o o DCD o 4 COMMON 5 7 o o GND l l l o l 8 5 Sustainer S 40a 34 NOTI inc Not out The UPS Howto 5 BATT LOW 8 5 o o CTS pa FSS OOP V 3 resistors by 10 kOhm 4 20 o DTR 6 SHUT DOWN Sey egies os ee H 7 4 o HL KS SN A o RTS Sle ake P p ste 7 haere ee E Shutdown pins in the tech info supplied with UPS 4 and orrectly The valid ones are 6 and 7 as shown above e2 Pin numbers on the PC side in the brackets ar sid for 9 pin on Here s the unipowerd h file I used 6 are given for 25 pin connector KKK kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk AA RAR A AA KA A KA A A K A k k k JR BRK RR RR OK AA OR OR kk OK kk fF File Name Program Name Author Created Last Modified By Last Modified By Compiler created Compiler env ANSI C Compatable POSIX Compatable Purpose Copyright unipowerd h x unipowerd Version 1 0 0 Tom Webster lt webster kaiwan com gt AY 1994 04 20 Xj Tom Webster Date 1995 04 09 Evgeny Stambulchik for Sustainer UPS k D GCC 2 5 8 Linux 1 0 9 o 7 Yes EJ zy Header file for unipowerd aa Contains the configuration information for unipo
54. es etc I don t know what would have to be changed to use someone elses init but I know this code following will work with Miguel s stuff Just so I give credit where credit s due I looked at Miguel s code to figure out how ioctl s worked If I didn t have that example I d have been in trouble I also used the powerfail routine verbatim I think since it must interact with his init I thought that he should know best The c file is at the end of this document and just needs to be clipped off To clip the file edit away and extra sigs and junk This document should end on the line End of File cut the rest This program can either be run as a daemon to check the status of the UPS and report it to init or it can be run to send the kill power command to the UPS The power will only be killed if there is a power problem and the UPS is running off the battery Once the power is restored it turns back on To run as a daemon just type backupsd dev backups dev backups is a link to dev cual at the moment COM 1 for you DOSers The niceness of the link is that I can just re link the device if I change to com 2 or 3 Then if the power dies init will run the commands for the powerwait An example This is from my etc inittab Here are the actions for powerfailure pf powerwait etc rc d rc power start po powerokwait etc rc d rc power stop The powerwait will run if the power goes down and powerokwait will run if
55. et the necessary port flags from the command line and then monitors the port displaying the control lines every second I used it as upscheck dev cual 2 for example to set the 2nd bit DTR and to clear the other bits The number base 2 indicates which bits to set so for example to set bits 1 2 and 3 and clear the others use 7 See the code for details Here s the untested upscheck c program It s untested because I edited the version I originally used to make it clearer and can t test the new version at the moment upscheck Check how UPS computer communicate Usage upscheck lt device gt lt bits to set gt 7 For example upscheck dev cua4 4 to set bit 3 amp monitor dev cua4 Author Harvey J Stein lt hjsteinGmath huji ac il gt but really just a minor modification of Miguel van Smoorenburg s lt miquels drinkel nl mugnet org gt powerd c Version 1 0 19940802 include lt sys types h gt include lt sys ioctl h gt 6 2 Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd c 14 The UPS Howto include lt fcntl h gt include lt errno h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt unistd h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt signal h gt Main program int main int argc char argv int fd These TIOCM_ parameters are defined in lt linux termios h gt which is indirectly included here x int dtr bit TIOCM DTR int rts bit TIOCM
56. female it is easy to get confused Even now reference in hand I keep reexamining my diagrams It might also be helpful to add a reference to the APC technical document for the Back UPS line which is available on line at http www apcc com english techs techref4 224e htm Once we corrected our wiring setting up the software was relatively simple thanks to your documentation We used the alternative using TD to kill the UPS power rather than RTS wiring scheme and ran into few problems Your efforts in maintaining this information are much appreciated Peter Kammer Dept of Information and Computer Science More notes 54 The UPS Howto pkammer ics uci edu University of California http www ics uci edu pkammer Irvine CA 92697 3425 APC Back UPS Pro 650 From Troy Muller lt tmuller agora rdrop com gt Sender tmullerGnapalm it wsu edu To abel netvision net il Subject APC Back UPS Pro 650 Date Sun 06 Apr 1997 12 50 40 0700 Dear Mr Stein I have a Back UPS Pro 650 from APC and finally got it working with a standard APC cable I used cable number 940 0023A and Enhanced APC BackUPS software My only grudge is the software broadcasts every 2 seconds but hacking the dowall c code to sleep 10 sec before broadcasting seems to limit it to every 10 seconds with a 2 3 message queued to be printed ie much more acceptable APC Smart UPS Many people have APC Smart UPSs There seem to be pa
57. flicts they ll do no harm Running powerd 25 The UPS Howto The inittab file and the shutdown scripts The powerd process is now running and it will send signals to init whenever a power failure occurs Now we have to configure the system so that it can react in a useful way when those signals are received Modifying inittab Add the following lines near the beginning of your etc inittab file What to do when power fails delayed shutdown pf powerfail etc powerfail script If power is back before shutdown cancel the running shutdown pg powerokwait etc powerokay script If UPS batteries are getting low do an immediate shutdown pc powerfailnow etc powerfailnow script The scripts The scriptspowerfail script powerokay script andpowerfailnow script are executed when init receives the corresponding signal They have the responsibility of shutting down the system in a clean way or cancelling a running shutdown in case power comes back These are the scripts I m currently using etc powerfail script bin sh bin sync usr bin sleep 10m kill 9 ps auxw grep shutdown grep v grep awk print 2 gt etc turnUPSoff sbin shutdown t30 h 3 POWER FAILURE My Trust Energy Protector 400 powers only the computer so I have quite a long backup time Since power failures only last for some minutes in my zone the system responds to a blackout in the following way it waits for 10 minute
58. has less than 1 5 minutes of backup time left pin 6 The user may send a high level signal 5V 12V for over Ims to turn off the Trust Energy Protector 400 650 However this option can only be activated when the input power fails pin7 Common for pin 6 The Cable This is the cable I used to connect the UPS to the serial port of my computer computer side DB 25 UPS side DB 9 6 DSR R 10 kilo Ohm resistor 20 DTR 4 R R 7 8 DCD 2 7 GND 4 band 5 CTS ONE tra eh i 2 TX 0 6 The UPS signal port 23 The UPS Howto In the case of a DB 9 serial port the pins 6 20 8 7 5 2 are mapped to pins 6 4 1 5 8 3 How the cable works The computer raises DTR and checks whether DSR is high to ensure that the cable is connected to the computer While the power is good DCD and CTS are both high because of the pull up resistors When the power fails the relay between pins 2 and 4 of the UPS port closes and DCD becomes low signalling the failure condition Similarly when the UPS batteries are getting low the relay between pins 5 and 4 closes thus lowering CTS During a power failure the computer is able to turn off the UPS by raising TX for over Ims This can be easily accomplished sending a OxF F byte to the serial port at a low baud rate The powerd daemon To make use
59. he UPS control line go high it writes FAIL to etc powerstatus and sends the init process a SIGPWR signal Older versions of powerd and initd wrote to etc powerfail When the control line goes low again it writes OK to etc powerstatus and sends init a SIGPWR signal Init s job aside from everything else it does When it receives a SIGPWR it looks at etc powerstatus If it contains FAIL it runs the powerfail entry from etc inittab If it contains OK it runs the powerokwait entry from inittab 5 3 How to set things up The following presupposes that you have a cable that works properly with powerd If you re not sure that your cable works or how it works see section Reverse engineering cables and hacking powerd c for information on dealing with poorly described cables and reconfiguring powerd c Sections Serial port pin assignments and Joctl to RS232 correspondence will also be useful If you need to make a cable see section How to make a cable for the overall details and the subsection of section Info on selected UPSs that refers to your UPS The latter might also include information on manufacturer supplied cables You may want to at least skim all of section Info on selected UPSs because each section has a few additional generally helpful details e Edit etc inittab Put in something like this What to do when power fails Halt system amp drain battery pf powerfail etc powerfailscript 5 If p
60. in int argc char argv APC Smart UPS 700 The UPS Howto int fd int dtr_bit TIOCM_DTR int flags int status oldstat 1 int count 0 int tries 0 int powerfailed 0 int rebootnow if arge lt 2 fprintf stderr Usage powerd lt device gt n exit 1 Start syslog openlog powerd LOG CONS LOG PERROR LOG DAEMON Open monitor device if fd open argv 1 O_RDWR O NDELAY lt 0 syslog LOG ERR s s argv l sys errlist errno closelog exit 1 Line is opened so DTR is high Force it anyway to be sure USE low Batt gt Reboot gt DTR goes low transistor is open gt shutdown pin of the UPS goes high gt UPS goes down after about 20s If there is a linefail and the computer is off the UPS goes down If the power is back the UPS goes on the computer boots and powerd is startet X F F F F 2X F F e Verwendung Die UPS meldet low Batt gt Reboot gt DTR geht x auf Low gt Transistor oeffnet gt Shutdown der UPS geht auf High gt UPS schaltet sich nach circa 20s aus Bei jedem Linefail und ausgeschaltetem Computer schaltet sich die UPS aus Kommt der Strom zurueck dann schaltet sich die UPS selbstaendig ein der Computer bootet und der powerd wird gestartet X X F F a F F F ioctl fd TIOCMBIS amp dtr_bit Daemonize switch fork case 0
61. including a diagram illustrating the connectors and a table listing the correspondence between pin numbers and terminal line signals If you need a general reference for cable wiring connectors etc then David Tal s would be a good one but I can t seem to locate this document on the net any more But I ve found a good replacement It s The Hardware Book Other useful sites e Yost Serial Device Wiring Standard which contains interesting information on how to use RJ 45 jacks and eight wire cables for all serial port connections e Stokely Consulting for general Unix info and in particular their Unix Serial Port Resources e Unix Workstation System Administration Education Certification which contains RS 232 Connectors and Cabling Incidentally it seems that the Linuxdoc sgml package still doesn t format tables very well in the html output If you want to be able to read the following table you re probably going to have to look at either the DVI version or the plain text version of this document DB 9 Frame Ground Chassis GND xD Name CCITT 1 Ww Transmitted Data TxD Received Data R Request To Send Clear To Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground GND 0 0 k ATA A l l l V V Nn 1 4 6 n s FG TD RTS 0 DSR 07 DB 9 s oe Nn Q N 6 3 Serial port pin assignments 16 The UPS Howto Data Carrier Detect
62. iousContents 6 Hardware notes 6 1 How to make a cable This section is just from messages I ve seen on the net I haven t done it so I can t write from experience If anyone has please write this section for me See also the message about the GPS1000 contained in section GPS1000 from ACCODATA not to mention all the UPS specific data in section Info on selected UPSs gt From miquels caution cistron nl mugnet org Wed Jul 21 14 26 33 1993 Newsgroups comp os linux Subject Re UPS interface for Linux From miquels caution cistron nl mugnet org Miquel van Smoorenburg Date Sat 17 Jul 93 18 03 37 Distribution world Organization Cistron Electronics In article lt 1993Ju115 184450 5193 excaliber uucp gt joel racl wam umd edu Joel M Hoffman writes gt I m in the process of buying a UPS Uninteruptable Power Supply and gt notice that some of them have interfaces for LAN s to signal the LAN gt when the power fails gt gt Is there such an interface for Linux gt gt Thanks gt gt Joel gt joel wam umd edu gt When I worked on the last versioon of SysVinit Now version 2 4 I temporarily had a UPS on my computer so I added support for it You might have seen that in the latest lt signal h gt header files there is a define SIGPWR 30 now Anyway I did not have such a special interface but the output of most UPS s is just a relais that makes or breaks on power interrupt I though
63. k Management Protocol Detailing the use of SNMP is beyond the scope of this document not to mention currently being beyond me Next PreviousContents 9 How to shutdown other machines on the same UPS 70
64. lags status flags amp TIOCM_CD Did DCD jumps to high Then the power has failed if oldstat 0 amp amp status 0 count if count gt 3 powerfail 0 else sleep 1 continue Did DCD go down again Then the power is back if oldstat gt 0 amp amp status 0 count if count gt 3 powerfail 1 else sleep 1 continue Reset count remember status and sleep 2 seconds count 0 oldstat status sleep 2 Error shouldn t happen BUPS HOWTO 51 The UPS Howto return 1 Tell init the power has either gone or is back void powerfail ok int ok int fd Create an info file needed by init to shutdown cancel shutdown unlink PWRSTAT if fd open PWRSTAT O_CREAT O_WRONLY 0644 gt 0 if ok write fd OK n 3 else write fd FAIL n 5 close fd kill 1 SIGPWR End of File More notes From ockers carnot02 maem umr edu Mon Jan 16 15 27 29 1995 ewsgroups comp os linux hardware Subject Back UPS backupsd and low battery signal From ockers carnot02 maem umr edu Jim Ockers Date 12 Jan 1995 04 22 44 GMT Reply To ockers umr edu Organization the all male wasteland of Rolla MO NTP Posting Host carnot02 maem umr edu X Newsreader TIN version 1 2 PL2 Hello all I use the backupsd on my linux system and I like it a lot I also run Windows NT when I ha
65. lso be found at ftp rtfm mit edu pub usenet by hierarchy comp answers UPS faq It is maintained by Nick Christenson npc minotaur jpl nasa gov but seems to have last been updated in 1995 In email to him he d like that you put UPS or UPS FAO or something along these lines in the Subject line of the message There re also more and more UPS manufactures sprouting up on the net Some of them actually supply useful information on their web sites A convenient list of UPS manufacturers web sites is available at The UPS Directory Said site also has a UPS FAO Next Previous ContentsNextPreviousContents 2 Important note on obsolete information I ve just discovered that some of the documentation below is obsolete In particular the init daemon that comes with the latest sysvinit package is more sophisticated than I ve portrayed it to be Although it seems that the current version is backward compatible with what s written here it looks like it has some undocumented features which are very important for UPS support The control mechanism outlined below only allows powerd to give init one of two messages namely powerfail or powerok init runs one command when it receives powerfail and another when it 1 2 Important disclaimer 4 The UPS Howto receives powerok This leads to complicated powerd logic for dealing with low battery signals and other sorts of special situations Newer versions of init as of version 2 58 it seems
66. m kOhm Ohm 8 6 5 1 3 C 1 B 4 12kohm gt E 5 4 I use a BC140 transistor but nearly any simple NPN transistor should work The transistor works as an inverter If you shutdown your PC AND the power ist down then pin 4 PC goes low and 1 UPS goes high This shuts down the UPS for saving batteries power 2 The powerd Sourc I patched the powerd source very little so it is really the source of Miquel a Give an alert to the syslogd if 8 PC CTS is down Cause the cable is not connected b DCD droped to zero gt power has failed gt call powerfail 0 gt Give INIT CMD POWERFAIL to the init process c DCD comes up again gt power is back gt call powerfail 1 gt Give INIT CMD POWEROK to the init process d DSR and DCD are dropped to zero gt power has failed and battery is low gt call powerfail 2 gt Give INIT CMD POWERFAILNOW to the init process Thats it gt 8 Schnipp APC Smart UPS 700 59 The UPS Howto powerd Monitor the DCD line of a serial port connected to an UPS If the power goes down notify init If the power comes up again notify init again As long as the power is OK the DCD line should be HIGH When the power fails DCD should go LOW Powerd keeps DTR high so that you can connect DCD and DTR with a resistor of 10 Kilo Ohm and let the UPS or some relais pull the DCD line to ground You
67. n article lt CRAFFERT 94Feb28125452 nostril lehman com gt Colin Owen Rafferty lt craffert nostril lehman com gt wrote gt I am about to buy an Uninterruptable Power Supply for my machine and gt I would like to get one that has the auto shutdown feature gt I just got one of those real cheap It s a GPS1000 by ACCODATA Anybody know how good the output signal of these things is Don t have a scope myself gt I assume that these each have some kind of serial connection that gt tells the system information about it gt Best Ferrups 43 The UPS Howto I took it apart to find out how it worked There were thr optocouplers two output one input connected to a 9 pin connector at the back One turns on when the power fails and goes off again when the power returns While the power is off you can use the input to shut the battery off It releases the power relay The third one is some kind of feedback to tell that it did accepted the shut down command I think the interface for my UPS was designed to be connected to TTL level signals but with some resistors it could be connected to serial port It s wired in such a way that using a RS 232 port you cannot use both output optocouplers but the shutdown feedback is not necessary anyway just use the important one Note that it is possible to blow the transistor part in optocouplers with RS 232 levels if you wire it the wrong way round
68. ndef SIGPWR define SIGPWR SIGUSR1 endif ifdef NEWINIT void alrm_handler APC Smart UPS 700 60 The UPS Howto fendif Tell init the power has either gone or is back void powerfail ok int ok int fd ifdef NEWINIT struct init_request req Fill out the request struct memset amp req 0 sizeof req req magic INIT_MAGIC INIT CMD are definied in initreg h Have a look at init c and etc inittab ok 0 gt INIT CMD POWERFAI gt powerwait ok 1 gt INIT CMD POWEROK gt powerokwait ok 2 gt INIT CMD POWERFAILNOW gt powerfailnow XX F F F X F F F switch ok case 0 req cmd INIT CMD POWERFAIL Linefail gt warning break cas 1 req cmd INIT CMD POWEROK Power is back gt cancel warning break case 2 req cmd INIT CMD POWERFAILNOW Linefail and LowBatt gt reboot break Open the fifo with timeout signal SIGALRM alrm handler alarm 3 if fd open INIT FIFO O WRONLY gt 0 amp amp write fd greg sizeof req sizeof req close fd return Fall through to the old method fendif Create an info file for init unlink PWRSTAT if fd open PWRSTAT O_CREAT O_WRONLY 0644 gt 0 if ok write fd OK n 3 else write fd FAIL n 5 close fd kill 1 SIGPWR Main program int ma
69. on port It should be easy enough to control their UPS Their phone number is 972 8 409 019 972 8 407 216 for fax 8 7 Deltec Power Fiskars Power Systems and Exide Fiskars is a Finnish holding company They used to own Deltec Power In March of 1996 Fiskars sold Deltec Power to Exide Electronics Group At that time Deltec Power was one of the world s largest makers of UPSs Under Fiskars Deltec used to make the PowerServers 10 20 30 and 40 The Deltec Power home page mentions other UPSs Exide now bundles UPS control software with their UPSs that works under Linux They also sell the software separately They say that their software works with other UPSs too I d like to hear from people using their software Here s the advertisement they emailed me Exide Electronics announces LanSafe III UPS Power Management Software for Linux LanSafe III is a UPS Power Management application It provides automatic orderly shutdown functionality incase of an extended power failure that should outlast the UPS battery run time LanSafe III enables broadcast messages and e mail to be sent according to user defined power condition changes The shutdown procedure can also be customized LanSafe III works together with the vast majority of all Exide Electronics UPS models It goes even one step further by supporting basic shutdown functionality also with other manufacturers UPSs LanSafe III for Linux runs on Intel based Linux systems B
70. oth character based and X11 Motif based user interfaces are provided LanSafe III supports all the major OS platforms Linux IBM AIX HP UX Digital UNIX SCO UNIX Solaris SunOS AT amp T UNIX all Windows platforms OS 2 Novell and Macintosh among others LanSafe III is bundled with the following Exide Electronics UPSs OneUPS Plus NetUPS PowerWare Prestige PowerWare Profile PowerWare Plus 5xx It also ships with FPS Power Systems UPSs PowerRite Plus PowerRite Max PowerWorks A30 PowerWorks A40 Series 9000 and Series 10000 It is also possible to purchase a separate software license to use with a previous UPS model or an other manufactures UPS Regular licenses are S 149 with site licenses also available For details please visit our Web sites at www exide com www fiskarsUPS com and www deltecpower com 8 6 Systel 37 The UPS Howto Incidentally when I tried to connect to www fiskarsUPS com it prompted me for a username and password 8 8 Beaver model UB500 UPS dan fch wimsey bc ca Dan Fandrich writes I seem to have gotten my old Beaver model UB500 UPS working with genpower The interface uses RS 232 compatible voltage levels so installing it is a snap There is a DE 9 female connector on the back which plugs directly into a 9 pin PC serial port using a plain 9 pin video monitor extension cable The DIP switches allow quite versatile pinouts To emulate genpower s apc1 nt type of UPS they must be set as
71. ower is back before shutdown cancel the running shutdown pg 0123456 powerokwait etc powerokscript e Write scripts etc powerfailscript and etc powerokscript to shutdown in 5 minutes or whatever s appropriate and kill any existing shut down respectively Depending on the version of shutdown that you re using this will be either so trivial that you ll dispense with the scripts or be a 1 line bash script something along the lines of kill ps aux grep shutdown grep v grep awk print 2 and you ll keep the scripts In case it doesn t come out right the first single quote on the above line is a backquote the second and third are single quotes and the last is also a backquote e Tell init to re process the inittab file with the command 5 3 How to set things up 10 The UPS Howto telinit q e Edit rc local so that powerd gets run upon startup The syntax is powerd lt line gt Replace lt line gt with the serial port that the UPS is connected such as dev cual e Connect computer s serial port to UPS s serial port DO NOT PLUG THE COMPUTER INTO UPS e Plug a light into the UPS e Turn on the UPS and the light e Run powerd e Test the setup Yank the UPS s plug O Check that the light stays on O Check that etc powerfailscript runs O Check that shut down is running Plug the UPS back in O Check that the light stays on O Check that etc powerokscript runs O Check that etc powerfailscript
72. r products are not currently priced as low as some such as APC Best Power provide source code for their UPS software and have been very respondent to queries from Linux users Furthermore their hardware seems to be highly regarded making Best Power a winning choice for Linux users This document describes the installation of a Best Power Fortress UPS model used was a 1996 model 660a with accompanying Best Power CD ROM to a Linux box 2 0 Installation 2 1 Hardware Install the hardware as indicated in the instructions The Best Power Fortress series comes with an RS 232 cable that should attach to a spare serial port on the back of the computer 2 2 Software This is where it differs from the manual which does not currently have Linux specific instructions The accompanying Fortress CD ROM however does come with source code for the UPS software so getting it up and running on a Linux system is a trivial task To do this follow these steps and use the manual as a reference to get an overall feel for how the software works I took the liberty of making a few changes in this HOWTO from the way the Fortress software is set up on other UNIX systems that I feel are better suited for a Linux system For example I eliminated the need for an etc best directory and put the executables in usr local sbin which I feel is a more appropriate place Best Fortress Using Best s software 40 The UPS Howto e First create the ups
73. rt UPS 700 The UPS Howto powerfail 2 Reset count remember status and sleep 2 seconds count 0 oldstat status sleep 2 Never happens return 0 schnap 8 lt 3 Change your inittab Init gets the INIT CMDs and will start a script pf powerwait sbin init d powerfail start pn powerfailnow sbin init d powerfail now po powerokwait sbin init d powerfail stop Which means for example if the power has failed powerwait start the script sbin init d powerfail with the parameter start 4 The powerfail Script 8 lt schnipp bin sh Copyright c 1997 Markus Eiden Markus Eiden de case S1 in start echo THE POWER IS DOWN wall logger Powerfail vr now echo BATTERY IS LOW Shutdown in 1 minute wall logger Battery is low shutdown in 1 minute sync sbin shutdown r t 5 1 a stop echo THE POWER IS BACK wall logger Power is back sbin shutdown c gt dev null 2 gt dev null echo Usage 0 start now stop APC Smart UPS 700 64 The UPS Howto exit 1 esac exit 0 z8 schnapp Well that should be easy You are ready now but be careful It works for me but I really can t guarantee that any of this will work for you Some advice at th nd If sbin init d powerfail shuts down your PC then DTR goes down so the shutdown pin UPS goes high gt From
74. s 3 same as T0 DCD 3 same as T0 CTS 2 60 Use the new way of communicating with init lt sys types h gt h gt h gt include include lt sys stat include lt sys ioctl include lt fcntl h gt include lt errno h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt unistd h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt signal h gt include lt syslog h gt include lt string h gt include paths h ifdef NEWINIT include initreq h endif define SIGPWR SIGUSR1 Tell init that the power has gone 1 is back 0 or the UPS batteries are low 2 void powerfail int event int fd ifdef NEWINIT struct init_request req Fill out the request struct memset amp req 0 S izeof reg reg magic INIT MAGIC switch event Feedback in seconds be high be high a ive K Ej 29 The UPS Howto case 0 req cmd INIT CMD POWEROK break case 1 req cmd INIT CMD POWERFAIL break case 2 default reg cmd INIT CMD POWERFAILNOW Open the fifo with timeout signal SIGALRM alrm handler alarm 3 sizeof req if fd open INIT FIFO O WRONLY gt 0 48 write fd sreg close fd return Fall through to the old method fendif Create an info file for init unlink PWRSTAT if fd open PWRSTAT O CREAT switch event ny sizeof req O_WRONLY 0644 gt 0
75. s usually the power comes back before and then halts the system allowing the users to close their applications and leave the machine Before issuing the shutdown command I make sure that there are no running shutdowns I also create the file et c turnUPSoff so that the system will turn off the UPS etc powerokay_script The inittab file and the shutdown scripts 26 The UPS Howto bin sh kill ps auxw grep powerfail script grep v grep awk print 2 kill 9 ps auxw grep shutdown grep v grep awk print 2 rm f etc turnUPSoff If power comes back we kills the running powerfail script and any running shutdown We also remove etc turnUPSoff etc powerfailnow script bin sh kill 9 ps auxw grep shutdown grep v grep awk print 2 gt etc turnUPSoff sbin shutdown h now UPS batteries low IMMEDIATE SHUTDOWN If batteries are getting low we make sure that there are no running shutdowns create the etc turnUPSof f file and then shutdown the system immediately The system shutdown script When system shutdown is complete we can turn off the UPS raising the TX signal of the serial port for over lms The serial device is already properly configured see the st t y command in the rc local script If the file etc turnUPSof f is present we send the byte Oxf f all 1 bits to the serial port To do this add the following lines near the bottom of your system
76. shutdown script etc rc d rc 0 in my case The proper place depends on the way your system is configured but it should be okay to insert the lines before the echo command which prints the System is halted message Is this a powerfail situation if f etc turnUPSoff then echo Turning off UPS Bye sleep 5 echo e W377 gt dev cua3 exit 1 fi General remarks This document contains things I learned while trying to configure my Linux system to use the Trust Energy Protector 400 Some informations the path of the system inizialization scripts for example may be specific to my system and you probably will need some customization However I hope this document will The system shutdown script 27 The UPS Howto be a useful trace for those trying to use a Trust Energy Protector 400 650 under Linux If you experience difficulties look for general information in the rest of this UPS Howto Good luck Feedback I would greatly appreciate receiving feedback about this document so that I can polish it and correct possible mistakes I know the English is not very good but I m Italian after all Direct any comments suggestions critics to the following e mail address ciro stud unipg it If you have problems using Trust Energy Protector 400 650 under Linux feel free to contact me I ll try to help you Legal Issues Ihave no relation at all with Trust Networking Products The information contained in this do
77. t up a simple way to connect this to the DCD line of the serial port In the SysVinit package there is a daemon called powerd that keeps an eye on that serial line and sends SIGPWR to init when the status changes so that init can do something such as bringing the system down within 5 minutes How to connect the UPS to the serial line is described in the source powerd c but I will draw it here for explanation o DTR resistor 10 kilo Ohm l l 6 Hardware notes 12 The UPS Howto 4 To serial port o o DCD o UPS relais o o GND Nice drawing eh Hope this helps SysVinit can be found on sunsite and tsx 11 probably as SysVinit2 4 tar z Mike Miquel van Smoorenburg lt miquels cistron nl mugnet org gt Ibmio com cannot open CONFIG SYS file handle broke off gt From danny caution cistron nl mugnet org Wed Jul 21 14 27 04 1993 Newsgroups comp os linux Subject Re UPS interface for Linux From danny caution cistron nl mugnet org Danny ter Haar Date Mon 19 Jul 93 11 02 14 Distribution world Organization Cistron Electronics In article lt 9307174330 caution cistron nl mugnet org gt miquels caution cistron nl mugnet org Miquel van Smoorenburg writes gt How to connect the UPS to the serial line is described in the source gt powerd c but I will draw it here for explanation The drawing wasn t really clear please us
78. tage output voltage etc It seems like the smupsd 0 9 1 i386 rpm package section Software approaches this I m not sure about the others The rest of this document is pretty much confined to configuring your system to work with a dumb UPS The general idea is about the same with a smart UPS but the details of how powerd would need to work and what kind of cable you need are different for a smart UPS NextPreviousContentsNextPreviousContents 4 Software Basically all you need is a working powerd binary usually found in sbin powerd This is usually part of the SysVinit package As far as I know all current Linux distributions include a recent version of SysVinit Very old versions didn t include powerd The only problem you might have is that your cable might not match how powerd is set up in which case you ll have to either rewire your cable or pick up a copy of powerd c and modify it to work with your cable Or for that matter you can always pick up one of the following packages most of which allow you to configure them to match your cable As mentioned an alternative to using the powerd that comes with the SysVinit package would be to use one of the UPS packages now available There are many packages currently available to aid in setting up computer ups communications None of this was available when I first wrote this Howto which is why I had to write it In fact there s a good chance that you might be able to use one of these
79. ter serial communication mode rather than the simple contact mode so I asked Best technical support for the documentation and it arrived today a week after I called them Once I peruse the documentation I ll decide if a smarter interface is really worthwhile especially since at some point I ll need to shut down two networked machines sharing the UPS Leonard Best Ferrups In addition to the doumentation and softare on Best s web site you could also use the bestups 0 9 tar gz section Software package We ve just started testing it with our Skva FERRUPS The basic idea is that there are two modules One which fields information requests on a network port relays those requests to the UPS and returns the results The second module talks to the first interprets the results and responds with either OK or FAIL This is sufficient to allow the powerd 2 0 tar gz package section Software to do the rest of the work The details can be gotten from the bestups 0 9 tar gz package section Software Incidentally our 5kva Ferrups has performed flawlessly in keeping our 10 computers and 30 screens humming 8 11 GPS1000 from ACCODATA gt From hennus sky nl mugnet org Thu Mar 10 15 10 22 1994 Newsgroups comp os linux help Subject Re auto shutdown with UPS From hennus sky nl mugnet org Hennus Bergman Date Tue 1 Mar 1994 22 17 45 GMT Distribution world Organization The Organization For Removal Of On Screen Logos I
80. that time it takes about 20 or 30 seconds for the UPS to shut down It is your job to prevent your Linux box from booting within these 20 seconds in particular to mount the filesystem On my system it was no problem There are four easy ways to prevent the PC from the fast booting 1 The BIOS should do some routines Like searching the number of tracks of your floppydisk if you have one 2 If you have LILO installed tell him to wait 3 You do nothing like I did 4 You buy some more memory so that counting the memory takes 30 seconds That should be about 1024 Megabytes Markus Eiden Markus EBiden de StR Dipl Ing Markus Eiden Markus eiden de Am alten Sportplatz 3 o http www rp schule de eiden D 67599 Gundheim oo00 000 NIC HDL ME256 RIPE APC Smart UPS 1400 Another day another APC This is for the Smart UPS 1400 in dumb mode From Slavik Terletsky lt ts polynet lviv ua gt To hjsteinGmath huji ac il Subject my contribution to UPS HOWTO Date Mon 27 Jan 1997 21 10 16 0000 APC Smart UPS 1400 65 The UPS Howto Hello I just hacked ups daemon if you want you may enclose it in your UPS HOWTO document i used some info from Please replay UPS daemon for FreeBSD 2 1 5 tested Interacts with APC Smart UPS 1400 Connection scheme UPS pin signal name PC pin signal name 1 Shutdown Do a O ae gt 4 Data Terminal Ready 2 Line Failed gt n a
81. tput voltage is available all the time at least until some time after Low Battery has been signalled The supply is limited to 40 mA To pull up UPS pin 8 is input to a 5 Vdc voltage regulator The output of the regulator goes into two 4 7K resistors The other end of one resistor connects both UPS pin 3 Line Fail and PC pin 5 CTS That of the other resistor connects both UPS pin 5 Low Battery and PC pin 8 DCD The two resistors draw about 2 mA when closed Test your cable without connecting it to the PC When the UPS is on line pins 5 CTS and 8 DCD at the PC end of the cable should be very close to 5 Vdc and applying a high to pin 20 DTR for 5 seconds should have no effect Now pull the power plug to put the UPS on battery Pin 5 CTS should go down to zero Vdc pin 8 DCD should stay the same at 5 Vdc and applying a high to pin 20 DTR e g by shorting pins 8 and 20 should shut down the UPS after about 15 seconds Keep the UPS on battery until Low Battery is lighted on its front panel Now pin 8 DCD should go down to zero Vdc too Wait until the UPS battery is recharged Then connect your cable to the PC disable the UPS APC Smart UPS Model 600 56 The UPS Howto option switches by turning all of them ON and run your favorite UPS monitoring software For those who want to run it with Windows NT Advanced Server the UPS interface voltages are NEGATIVE for both power failure using UPS pin 3 and
82. types h gt include lt sys ioctl h gt include lt fcntl h gt include lt errno h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt unistd h gt include lt stdio h gt include lt signal h gt This is the file needed by SysVInit define PWRSTAT etc powerstatus void powerfail int fail Main program int main int argc char argv int fd int killpwr_bit TIOCM_RTS BUPS HOWTO 50 The UPS Howto int flags int status oldstat 1 int count 0 if argc lt 2 fprintf stderr Usage s lt device gt killpower n argv 0 exit 1 Open the the device if fd open argv 1 O_RDWR O NDELAY lt 0 fprintf stderr s s s n argv 0 argv 1 sys_errlist errno exit 1 if argc gt 3 amp amp stremp argv 2 killpower 0 Let s kill the power fprintf stderr s Attempting to kill the power n argv 0 ioctl fd TIOCMBIS amp killpwr_bit Hmmm If you have a power outtage you won t make it exit 0 else Since we don t want to kill the power clear the RTS killpwr_bit ioctl fd TIOCMBIC amp killpwr_bit Become a daemon switch fork case 0 I am the child setsid break case 1 Failed to become daemon fprintf stderr s can t fork n argv 0 exit 1 default I am the parent exit 0 Now sample the DCD line while l ioctl fd TIOCMGET amp f
83. u can try it out under Linux and if it doesn t work you can try to fix it The source code includes both basic checkups which controls the UPS in dumb mode and advanced checkups which is a little more sophisticated it will signal a shutdown when the UPS says it has X minutes of power remaining instead of just shutting down X minutes after the power goes out The advanced checkups program also will shut down when the UPS registers various alarms such as High Ambient Temperature Near Low Battery Low AC Out or User Test Alarm bestups 0 9 tar gz A package that might very well be on sunsite by the time you read this It s a pair of communications module which works with Best Ferrups UPSs It operates the UPS in smart mode It inter operates well with powerd 2 0 useful if you have a big Best Ferrups UPS keeping up all the machines on a network NOTE This package has yet to be uploaded to Sunsite I keep begging the author to finish and upload it but he has yet to find the time LanSafe III Deltec Electronics and Exide sell a software package called LanSafe III They have a Linux version It comes with their UPSs They also say that it works with other UPSs on the dumb level apcupsd 2 8 1ar gz The author Andre Hedrick hedrick astro dyer vanderbilt edu writes apcupsd 2 1 tar gz replaces Enhanced APC UPSD tar gz It is a very complete package for APC UPSs There is support for the entire range of UPSs
84. u connect it up These diagrams are looking into the REVERSE SIDE the side where you solder the wire onto the plugs The letters G R and B represent the colors of the wires I used and help to distinguish one line from the next NOTE I m use standard rs 232 as near as we can tell numbering The APC book uses different numbers Ignore them Use ours I already changed the numbers for you Male Side This goes into the UPS Female Side This goes into your COM port V oR ke G B For those who like the numbers better Male Female 1 7 Black 2 B Red 9 5 Green Aside What the rs 232 pins are for Since we had to dig this info up anyway The pins mean Number Name Abbr Sometimes written with D prefix 1 Carrier Detect CD 2 Receive Data RD 3 Transmit Data TD 4 Data Terminal Ready DTR BUPS HOWTO 47 The UPS Howto 5 Signal Ground Gnd 6 Data Set Ready DSR 7 Request to Send RTS 8 Clear to Send CS 9 Ring Indicator RI What we did is connect the UPS s RS 232 Line Fail Output to the CD the UPS s chassis to Gnd and the UPS s RS 232 Shut Down Input to RTS Easy now that we told you no I have no idea if the software below will work if you purchase the cable from APC It might and it might not The Software Okay I use the SysVInit package by Miquel van Smoorenburg for Linux see end for file locations credits email address
85. vailable in Sunsite s UPS directory None the less I m continuing to maintain the UPS Howto Why bother Well e An additional general overview might help to understand how to connect a Linux system to a UPS even if it s just the same information written differently s The HOWTO is serving as a repository for UPS specific data there are many UPSs that haven t yet been incorporated into the general packages s The HOWTO contains additional details that aren t available in other documents e Some of the UPS software packages available in Sunsite s UPS directory seem to be quite sparsely documented You might need to read this before you can understand how to use them e This thing seems to have a life of it s own now It s clear when a Howto should be born It s less clear when it should be put to sleep 1 1 Contributors I am forever indebted to those from whom I ve received help suggestions and UPS specific data The list includes e Hennus Bergman hennus sky owL nl e Charli mefistos impsat1 com ar e Ciro Cattuto Ciro Cattuto e Nick Christenson npc minotaur jpl nasa gov e Lam Dang angit netcom com e Markus Eiden Markus eiden de e Dan Fandrich dan fch wimsey bc ca e Ben Galliart bgallia orion it luc edu e Danny ter Haar dth cistron nl e Christian G Holtje docwhat uiuc edu e Raymond A Ingles inglesra frc com e Peter Kammer pkammer ics uci edu e Marek Michalkiewicz
86. ve to and it has a UPS daemon too The pinouts required by Windows NT are different from the ones you specify in the program but that is easily changed since I have the source for your program Anyways I was browsing through the Windows NT knowledge base KB and found something interesting If you look in the documentation for your Back UPS under computer interface port you will see that this UPS will send a Low Battery signal at least two minutes before the battery fails At least the manual for my Back UPS 400 says that However they also speak some Electrical Engineering gibberish Outputs are actually open collector outputs which must be pulled up to a common referenced supply no greater than 40 Vdc The transistors are capable of a maximum non inductive load of 25mAdc More notes 52 The UPS Howto Well that means nothing to me but what I discovered in the NT KB was that it is possible to use the low battery signal in the same manner that the other signals are used The output from pin 5 on the UPS should go to the pin on which you are reading the LowBatt signal into the computer When that line goes high the battery is running out of charge When the situation is normal that line will be low Hi Lo in a standard RS 232 signal just like the other lines What they don t tell you in the APC manual and they should is that you need to buy a 10 KOhm resistor 50 cents at Radio Shack and connect
87. werd Edit this file as indicated x below to activate features and to customize V unipowerd for your UPS ky a GNU Copyleft sy FER RR RR XX XX XX XXX XXX XX KA KA KA KA KA KA KA KA k Kk The following are the RS232 control lines Macro English EY x V T C 8 5 Sustainer S 40a 35 The UPS Howto TIOCM_DTR DTR Data Terminal Ready gt TIOCM_RTS RTS Ready to send gt TIOCM_CTS CTS Clear To Send TIOCM CAR DCD Data Carrier Detect lt TIOCM RNG RI Ring Indicator lt TIOCM_DSR DSR Data Signal Ready lt define HIGH 1 define LOW 0 define PWRSTA etc powerstatus define UPSSTA etc upsstatus CABLEPOWER is the line which provides power to the cable for normal monitoring activities define CABLEPOWER TIOCM DTR define POWERBIT TIOCM CAR define POWEROK HIGH Define CABLECHECK as to check for low battery Define CABLECHECK as define CAB ECHECK define CAB define CAB EBIT BOK 0 value to skip 0 TIOCM RNG HIGH Define BATTCHECK as 1 to check for low battery Define BATTCHECK as 0 value to skip define BA define BA define BA Define INVERTERKI Define INVERTERKI INVERTERBIT is the line which will kill the inverter the UPS is in powerfail mode CHECK

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