Ethical and Env. Analysis
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1. recycle these items Unfortunately much of the materials are thrown away in American society but it would be best to reuse any parts such as screws and spacers for future use Therefore the disposal of the entire package will be marked as returnable to the manufacturer for proper disposal In order to not be offensive and incur any costs the warning label is only a suggestion for a marketable product But this is a single prototype and therefore the return to manufacturer is a demand 4 0 Summary As is shown the Digi Spi has several ethical and environmental issues that must be addressed Its impact ranges from basic PCB recycling to the ethics of recording sound data These issues along with the number of peripherals make the embedded device a unique system With a correct design focus for amateur use warning labels non battery design involvement in disposal and alternative manufacturing methods the device will have a low impact on the environment and will not pose an ethical liability 4 ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2006 List of References 1 2 ieee org IEEE Code of Ethics Online Document unknown publication date accessed February 21 2007 http www ieee org portal pages about whatis code html jsessionid FcQDRphsJvwnVpTmJMgZttxLlyQ4nTwRTQVHLPGLB6ZgkGcMj0X W 1173195051 mil embedded com Building secure software Your language matters Online Document 2002. Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2006 If this environmental need would be addressed and the device is manufactured in addition to the labeling it would be best to include an optional Ethernet connection with the ability to disable the wireless Overtime the device will breakdown and when it is time for disposable it would be best to recycle the device This is a difficult process as is evident from a military document summary that states PCBs generally have no usefulness once they are removed from the electrical component in which they were installed 5 In our case this would be when it is no longer powered and the board has burnt out The large amounts of lead and the energy used to make the device should not be wasted Instead companies exist that recycle the device such as NEC Corp in Japan 6 This plant separates the components of the PCB and materials including copper are reclaimed from the board This is in the hopes of reusing the materials Clearly this is not an inexpensive procedure and for a single board this would not be the best solution For a set of manufactured boards it would be ideal For this reason the user manual will contain a return to manufacturer label for proper disposal and a warning label will be on the package as well This way the PCB can be recycled or taken care of if another avenue exists at the time For disposal of the remaining device i e the lamp and plastics it would be best to
3. 7 accessed February 21 2007 http www mil embedded com PDFs AdaCore Win06 pdf eetimes com Is EMF radiation the cigarette of the 21 century Online Document February 13 2007 accessed February 21 2007 http www eetimes com showArticle jhtml article ID 197005857 amp printable true intellectuk org World First makes printed circuit board production more sustainable Online Document unknown publication date accessed February 21 2007 http www intellectuk org markets pcb_production asp Printed Circuit Board Recycling Overview Online Document unknown publication date accessed February 21 2007 http p2library nfesc navy mil P2_ Opportunity Handbook 2_II_ 8 html Techmonitor net Waste Management Jan Feb 2006 Electronic Wastes Recycling printed circuit boards Online Document 2006 accessed February 21 2007 http www techmonitor net techmon 06jan_feb was was_electronic htm ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2006
4. ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2007 Homework 12 Ethical and Environmental Impact Analysis Due Friday February 23 at NOON Team Code Name Digi Spi Group No _ 1 _ Team Member Completing This Homework Karl Herb e mail Address of Team Member __kherb purdue edu Evaluation Component Criterion Score Multiplier Points Introduction and Summary 0123456789 10 xX 1 Ethical Impact Analysis 0123456789 10 X3 Environmental Impact Analysis 012345678910 X3 List of References 012345678910 X2 Technical Writing Style 012345678910 X1 TOTAL Comments Comment from the grader will be inserted here ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2006 1 0 Introduction The Digi Spi is a remote listening device that monitors conversations To accomplish this end the device uses a multiple of peripherals Connecting into the PCB are a Wi Fi module for internet access a Bluetooth module a GSM module a microphone input and a headphone output This selection of peripherals in addition to a microcontroller presents a variety of communication specifications With the modules are inherit environmental and ethical issues The device is recording data and therefore its reuse and potential misuse is important Ethically the use of fail safe operation use and electrical characteristics are of importance Environmentally various pollutants and power utilizations are considere
5. d The following paper divulges these concerns and analyzes the ethical and environmental impact of the Digi Spi remote listening device 2 0 Ethical Impact Analysis The goal of the Digi Spi is to be a listening device The natural ethical question stemming from this is the use of recorded voice data This is a current topic seen even in the media with the current United States government security measures under question Furthermore the data being recorded is streamed in real time over the air using a cell phone or computer connection The data is then stored in persistent storage in a well defined format within a portable and scaleable component the SD card The data is time stamped meaning the voice recording can be traced to when it was said This ability to stream and record what was said when can be of positive use Ethically it is important to examine how this utilization can be a negative aspect To solve this ethical issue restricted access and operating environment of the device is essential When the target market of the device under development if it would later be produced is to be a toy or amateur novelty application a liability for clean use does not exist When the device is targeted for professional or military use the device would need to be more secure Fortunately the device is not targeted for this market and therefore a heightened level of security is not essential If the device was to be made more secure it wo
6. ghly portable to operate under a variety of temperature and unique conditions In addition its software design needs to be secure scaleable and safe from tampering A Military Embedded Articles states that the C language is not favorable for the development of secure applications 2 Therefore the use of this device beyond a novelty must be discouraged Therefore in addition to the warning labels and user manual outlined above the device has been designed to fit into acommon household item and function off of a wall wart This encourages a more everyday use instead of a uniquely focused application In addition if the product was to be marketed the system would be sealed and unable to be opened outside of removing the SD card This way the PCB could not be removed and used in a different application To prevent this issue the user manual will state that the developers are not responsible when the PCB is used in a different application than what it was designed for Finally the ethical issues of electricity power and electrical signals need to be considered The normal electrical issue including voltage and group apply and therefore the PCB is enclosed in acommon household device such as a lamp to protect it from the elements As stated above if the device would be manufactured it would be sealed This not only deters reuse but keeps the device clean and reduces a risk of electrical injury The amount of power used by the device can rise
7. t solutions that require expensive treatment before they are discharged into the environment 4 Fortunately this product is only a prototype but if the product is put into development it would be necessary to consider the cost of alternative PCB manufacturing technologies that reuse the manufacture metals and reduce pollutions This large amount of unused materials is less likely to be released into the environment and a portion can be reused for another PCB The other side of this would be the economic benefit of using a cleaner PCB manufacture but this discussion is an environmental focus Once the PCB is etched and populated it is operational During the operational phase the main environmental impact of the product is EMF from the wireless modules This so called eSmog is not only ethical but environmental in the sense that it harms living organisms including humans in the environment 3 The radiation of EMF can cause breaks in DNA sequences and inhibit the body s ability to repair these breaks 3 For this reason there are the ethical liability and labels mentioned above These also double to warn the user that the device can be harmful Unfortunately the data for EMF harm is still not fully backed but it could be a potential risk In addition our device is small and only uses a minute internet Bluetooth and cellular module These will not come in close proximity to a human as a cellular phone would 2 ECE 477
8. to nearly 3 5W Therefore a warning label will be placed on the device and in the user manual This amount of power dissipation is unlikely as devices are chose to operate much lower than their maximum operation and this statistic is the absolute ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2006 maximum The worst issue is electro magnetic fields EMF from the GSM and Wi Port In fact an EE Times article states that pulsed electromagnetic energy generated by electronic devices causes stress to the human body 3 The EMF generated is part of the Wi Port and GSM module and therefore their operation is kept within there limits To aid with this a warning label will be placed on the device noting the EMF factor and in the user manual a note will be made removing us from any EMF issues as these are due to the peripherals we have and not to our own components 3 0 Environmental Impact Analysis This device is designed to be a novelty item used with a wall wart and not for a specific portable or professional application Therefore the worst environmental impacts are the PCB board and noise pollution During manufacturing the environmental impact of the device is due to the PCB manufacturing PCB manufacturing consists of etching of the traces onto a metal This uses numerous natural resources including metals copper gold nickel and tin and water 4 In addition the process generates large amounts of metal bearing effluen
9. uld ideally have a single phone number have a lock on the SD card have its wireless network uniquely encrypted and have a digital lock on the control panel This goes beyond the scope of the current project and therefore will not be considered Hence in order to avoid this potential issue of using a ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Spring 2006 non secure and amateur device in a secure or professional area a warning label must be placed on the device saying it is not intended for any professional or military use but solely as a novelty This would also be stated in the user manual The alleviation of the operating environment is consistent with the IEEE code of ethics that states in their second requirement that a conflict of interest must be avoided 1 The addressing of the ethical issue is removing a conflict of interest In addition the manufacturer and even the developers of the device are held responsible when the component is used in a negative manner Therefore in the user manual there will be a statement claiming that the developers are not reliable for any harm brought upon through a non ethical use of the device This would even include reusing the data on a computer to manipulate it or hold it against a person Adding to the military and professional use discussion the device is not designed with the correct rigorous environment use Ethically a device used in a professional environment needs to be fail safe and hi
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