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1. Check your answers on the next page Deans Community High School 16 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development You should have the following Stage Description 1 Analysis B Deciding what type of game you want to create and what features you want it to have 2 Design F Working out the details of what the screens will look like what menus and functions there will be and other detailed aspects of the program 3 Implementation D Actually writing all the program code 4 Testing G Getting users to try out the program to make sure it works under most conditions 5 Documentation A Writing a user guide and technical guide for the software 6 Evaluation E Checking that the program does what it is supposed to do is easy to use and can be fixed if there is a problem 7 Maintenance C Adapting the game to run on a different type of computer In this course especially from Section 3 onward you will be putting this software development process into practice when you produce some simple programs in a high level computer programming language Deans Community High School 17 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development For the moment it is worth trying to learn the steps in the correct order I usually use a silly mnemonic for this A Dance In The Dark Every Monday which helps me remember ADITDEM Analysis Design Implementation Testing Documentation Evaluation2. e Select cell A1 the title of the spreadsheet e Change its font to 18pt Bold e Select A3 to D13 all the data e Centre it all using the centre button on the menu bar e Select row 3 the column headings e Make them bold The spreadsheet should now look like this Software Development Orienteering Course 1 Control identifier terrain distance m oe eOnaneun XErovico gt s Click on Stop Recording Save the improved spreadsheet as course2 xls gate in wall comer of track inwoods stream crossing top of slope bend in path hollow top of hal junction of fences end of house 150 200 120 185 no 240 120 175 20 185 All the series of actions that you applied to course xls to turn it into course2 xls have been recorded and stored as a macro To see the macro you have created e go to the Tools menu e select Macro e select Macros Deans Community High School Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development A dialog box like this should appear with your named macro listed under the name you gave it Click on Edit pe De p s r A a K Px gt You should be able to recognise the actions you took For example the first Range Al Select With Selection Font section records the macro s name and shortcut key Next comes the action of selecting cell Al changing the font fo 18 point making it bold and so on End Selecticn font Bold
3. 1 30 PRINT Answer 40 END make number 1 make answer number 1 say answer PROGRAM adder VAR answer number real BEGIN Number 1 Answer number 1 WRITELN answer END This is a low level language called 6502 assembler not so easy to understand LDA 1 STA 1000 LDA 1000 ADC STA 1001 JSR OSWRCH RTS And this final one is 6502 machine code which is completely unintelligible to most humans 10101001 00000001 10000101 01110000 10100101 01110000 01101001 00000001 10000101 01110001 00100000 11101110 11111111 01100000 In fact all five of these programs do more or less the same job I think you will agree that high level Deans Community High School 4 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development languages are much more practical for writing programs than machine code 929 Questions 1 Which type of language high or low level is easier to understand 2 Which type would be easier to correct if it had a mistake in it 3 Name two low level languages 4 Name two high level languages 5 Explain the main differences between high and low level languages 6 List two advantages of high level languages It looks as though high level languages have all the advantages compared to machine code However there is one major problem processors don t understand high level languages at all To get round this problem computer scientists have developed translator programs whic
4. True Range 43 D13 Select Range D135 Activate The macro is actually coded in a scripting language called Visual BASIC for Applications or VBA for short What use is a macro e keep course 2 xls open N open course_copy xls e hold down Ctrl Shift K The file course_copy xls should be automatically formatted by the macro to be the Deans Community High School 10 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development same as course2 xls If the user had several similar unformatted spreadsheets and wanted them all formatted in this way he could save a great deal of time by using the macro A macro is a time saving program written in a scripting language which can be activated by a series of key strokes for repeated use A macro cannot exist alone it only works with an application program in this case Excel In this example we have seen a macro being used with a spreadsheet Macros can be used with many other application packages Example 2 creating a word processing macro e open any word processing document e as before from the Tools menu select Macro then Record New Macro e name the macro bold _red_text e assign a shortcut key combination perhaps Ctrl Alt R e click OK Now the macro is being recorded e select bold and text colour red from the menu bar e click to stop the macro recording Now you can use the macro e select any block of text e activate the macro by using the shortcut key comb
5. Maintenance You might be able to make up a better mnemonic than this one so long as it helps you then it s OK Implementation Documentation Next we will take a closer look at each of the stages 2 4 Analysis The main purpose of the analysis stage is to be absolutely clear about what the program is supposed to do Often a new program will start from a rough idea Before getting started it is important to turn the rough idea into an exact description of how the program will behave What will it do What are the inputs and the outputs What type of computer is it to l run on All these questions and many more Evaluation must be asked and answered at this stage Maintenance 2 5 Design Inexperienced programmers are often tempted to jump straight from the program specification to coding but this is not a good idea It is worth spending time at the design stage working out some of the important details including how the program will look on the screen how the user will interact with the program and how the program might be structured Program designers use a variety of methods for describing the program structure Two common ones are called pseudocode and structure diagrams There are many others but we will only consider these two The result of this is the production of a program specification agreed by both the customer whoever wants the program written and the developer the person or company w
6. down where it gets its name from and Be RAEN A what it is good for Here are some examples to get you started reat Activity Make a list of six or so programming languages you can find these in i Name Source of name Used for Ada after Countess Lovelace US military systems Logo Greek for thought education FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation early scientific language All these languages are what we call high level languages That is to distinguish them from low level languages What do we mean 1 2 High and low level languages Inside every computer there is a processor This is a chip containing digital electronic circuits These circuits work with tiny pulses of electricity and electronic components The pulses of electricity can be represented by the digits 1 and 0 Every item of data and every instruction for the processor is represented by a group of these binary digits Processors only understand these binary digits The only inputs you can make to a processor are groups of binary digits The only output that a processor can make is a group of binary digits Instructions and commands made in these binary digital form for processors are known as machine codes Here are a few machine codes for a 6502 processor 10101001 00000001 10000101 01110000 10100101 01110000 I m sure yov ll agree that they are not very easy to understand There are several problems with machine code
7. software The term hardware is fairly easy to understand because you can see it It is all the pieces of equipment that make up the system the processor monitor keyboard mouse printer scanner and so on Software is not so obvious It is all the programs instructions and data that allow the hardware to do something useful and interesting Think about all the different items of software that you have used in the last week or so Here is the list of programs that I have used recently e Microsoft Word the word processing program that I use I regularly use three versions of it Word 2000 Word 98 for MacOS 8 Word v X for MacOS X e Microsoft Excel spreadsheet used to keep charity accounts for which I am the treasurer e ClarisWorks 4 integrated package I mainly use its word processor and simple database sections e Internet Explorer both PC and Mac versions for browsing the web e Safari web browser for MacOS X e three different e mail clients Netscape Communicator MS Outlook and Mail e iPhoto for organising my digital photographs e iMovie for editing digital movies e Adobe Photoshop for editing digital photographs e Citrix ICA thin client allows me to connect to my work computer from home e Toast for burning CDs e Print to pdf a shareware program for creating pdf files e Adobe Acrobat and Preview for viewing pdf files e Macromedia Flash for developing animated graphics e Home Page an a
8. things set out in the specification Stage 3 Implementation Once the design phase is over engineers will get to work to actually build a prototype Some will build the case according to the design while others will develop the electronics to go inside Each part will be tested on its own then the whole thing will be assembled into a hopefully working TV set Stage 4 Testing Before the new model can be put on sale it will be thoroughly tested A wide range of tests will be carried out It might be tested under normal conditions It could be put in a room at normal room temperature and checked to see that all the controls work correctly the display is clear it is nice and stable and so on If it passes this type of testing it might next be tested under extreme conditions For example does it still work if the temperature is below freezing or very hot and humid if it used for long periods of time or with the volume or the brightness or contrast set to their maximum values Finally it could be tested under exceptional conditions What happens if a 2 year old picks up the remote and presses all the buttons at once What happens if there is a power cut or a power surge If it fails any of these tests it might be necessary to go back to the implementation or even design stage and do some further work before re testing If it passes all the tests then the new TV can go into production Stage 5 Documentat
9. Intermediate 2 Computing CONTENTS Student Guide SECTION 1 1 1 Computer Languages 1 2 High and low level languages 1 3 Translators 1 4 Interpreters 1 5 Compilers 1 6 Text Editors 1 7 Scripting language and macros SECTION 2 2 1 Software 2 2 The development process 2 3 A dance in the dark every Monday 2 4 Analysis 2 5 Design 2 6 Implementation 2 7 Testing 2 8 Documentation 2 9 Evaluation 2 10 Maintenance Deans Community High School Software Development N e e a APA Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development Student guide This teaching and learning material is designed to cover all the skills knowledge and understanding that you need to pass the Software Development unit of Intermediate 2 Computing To achieve this unit you must develop and demonstrate knowledge and understanding of e the principles of software development e software development languages and environments e high level language constructs e standard algorithms At the end of the unit you will be tested on this by sitting a short 20 question multiple choice test However it is not only about passing a test You must also develop practical skills in software development using a suitable high level language Almost any programming language can be used but these notes assume that you are using Visual BASIC 5 If you are using a different programming language your tutor will need to supply you with other materials for some p
10. arts of the unit Your tutor will complete a practical skills checklist for you as you work through the practical exercises in these notes You should keep a folio of evidence this should include documentation of all the stages of the software development process You will see the following icons throughout these notes Computer based practical task you will need access to a computer with Visual BASIC 5 or similar installed for this task a 4 2 2 Questions for you to answer you can check your own answers against the sample answers given at the end of this pack F Tey yy Activity non computer based this will usually require some written ie AS G work You should ask your tutor to check your work whenever you complete a computer based practical task or a non computer based activity Deans Community High School 2 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development SECTION 1 1 1 Computer languages Just as there are many human languages there are many computer programming languages that can be used to develop software Some are named after people such Ada and Pascal Some are abbreviations such as PL 1 and Prolog All have different strengths and weaknesses FORTRAN was designed for carrying out mathematical and scientific calculations Prolog is good for developing programs in artificial intelligence COBOL is for developing commercial data processing programs textbooks or on websites For each one write
11. canner an e mail Internet Explorer mouse modem a computer game a word processor digital camera Deans Community High School 13 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development 2 2 The development process Before we think about how software is developed it is worth considering how any product is developed because the process is essentially the same For example think about the process of developing a new model of TV Stage 1 Analysis Before a new product is developed someone within the company probably in the marketing department analyses what people want They consider which products are selling well look at what rival companies are producing and maybe even carry out a survey to find out what people want From this they can work out which features are required in their newest model including its size target price range and various technical requirements They use this information to produce a specification for the new model of TV This states clearly all the features that it must have Stage 2 Design The next stage is to turn the specification into a design Designers will get to work alone or in groups to design various aspects of the new TV What will it look like How will the controls be laid out Sketches will be drawn up and checked against the specification Another team of designers will be planning the internal circuitry making sure it will allow the TV to do all the
12. ce programme and it can be used as often as required without it needing to be translated over and over again A compiler program works in the same way It takes your HLL program and translates the whole program into machine code once This machine code can then be saved and kept Once translated it can be used over and over again without needing to be translated every time The compiled program therefore runs more quickly and the user doesn t need to have a translator program on their own computer Software that you buy such as a games program or an application will have been compiled into machine code before being distributed and sold What you get on the disk or CD is a machine code program that can run on your computer without needing to be translated Questions 1 Name the two main types of translator programs 2 Which one translates a whole program into machine code before it is executed 3 Which one translates a program line by line as it is being executed 4 Why do machine code programs run more quickly on a computer than high level language programs Deans Community High School 6 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development 1 6 Text editors During the development of a high level language program after the analysis and design stages the programmer or team of programmers have to implement the design by coding it in a suitable high level language Here is an example of a Visual BASIC program Pr
13. e code and passes it to the processor to carry out that instruction It works its way through the high level language program one line at a time in this way This works fine but it has a couple of important disadvantages Think about the analogy again Your one hour lecture will take two hours to deliver as each sentence is spoken by you in English then by the interpreter in Japanese The other disadvantage is that if you are then asked to deliver your lecture again in another Japanese city you will need to have it translated all over again as you are delivering it the second time The same problem is true of computer interpreters The process of translating the high level language HLL program slows down the running of the program Secondly the HLL program needs to be translated every time it is used This is a waste of computer resources and means that the user must always have an interpreter as well as the HLL program often called source code 1 5 Compilers An alternative approach is to use a compiler Going back to the Japanese lecture example instead of using a translator at the conference you could write down the text of your lecture in English and get a translator to translate it all into Japanese in advance You could then send the translated lecture script to the conference and have it read out by a Japanese speaker there The advantages are obvious your lecture can be delivered in the one hour allowed in the conferen
14. e machine codes for different processors are different e they are very hard for humans to understand and use e they take up a lot of space to write down e it is difficult to spot errors in the codes Deans Community High School 3 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development Unfortunately processors don t understand anything else so machine code has to be used The earliest computers could only be programmed by entering these machine codes directly It was a slow process easy to get wrong and it was very difficult to track down and fix any bugs in the programs Machine codes are an example of low level languages understood by the low level components of the computer system the processor and other electronic circuits To get round these difficulties computer scientists invented high level languages High level languages are similar to human languages Instead of using binary codes they use normal words For example the computer language BASIC uses words like PRINT IF THEN REPEAT END FOR NEXT INPUT and so on That means that high level languages are easier to understand than machine code and are more readable that is it is easier to spot and correct errors On the next page is a simple program written in a number of high and low level languages The first three are all examples of high level languages BASIC Logo and Pascal All use words that are understandable to humans 10 Number 1 20 Answer Number
15. een pseudocode and a structure diagram 4 Name two items of documentation usually provided with a software package and describe what you would expect each one to contain 5 What three types of testing should be applied to any software 6 Describe two examples of maintenance that could be required on a game program Deans Community High School 22
16. erhaps at a later date when the program is being updated in some way We will look in Section 3 at some techniques for improving the readability of a program 2 10 Maintenance This final phase happens after the program has been put into use There are different types of maintenance that might be required These are called corrective maintenance perfective maintenance and adaptive maintenance You don t need to know these names until Higher level but it is useful to think about what they mean Corrective maintenance means fixing any bugs that appear once the program is in use Of course these should all have been discovered during testing However most programs but not the ones you will be writing are so huge and complex that some bugs are bound to slip through unnoticed If the bugs are serious in nature the software company might issue a free patch on its website so that users can download the patch and install it with the software so fixing the bug If it is a minor bug they may not bother Perfective maintenance is adding new features to the software These might be suggested as a result of the evaluation stage or they might be suggested by users These new features will then be added to the software and re issued as a new version That s why software often has version numbers Each version results from corrective and perfective maintenance of the earlier versions So for example BloggProg 3 2 will be similar to BloggPr
17. ful of these is probably the ability to cut and paste sections of code Deans Community High School 7 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development Consider the software development environment you are using for the programming section of this unit Does it have a text editor or do you use a separate word processing package What useful text editing features does it incorporate 1 7 Scripting language and macros Most of this unit is concerned with the process of developing programs written in a high level language to create stand alone applications However small programs called macros can be developed within some existing application packages Example 1 creating an Excel spreadsheet macro Set up a small spreadsheet like this HE ourse ule Control identifier terrain distance m 1H gate in wall 150 2A corner of track 200 3B in woods 120 4J siream crossing 185 5T top of slope 210 6P bend in path 240 7c hollow 120 SF top of hill 175 ow junction of fences 200 10 K end of house 185 Save it as course xls Save a second copy of the same spreadsheet as course_copy xls Deans Community High School 8 Intermediate 2 Computing From the Tools menu select Macro then Record New Macro The following dialog box should appear Enter the name tidy_up_SS And the shortcut key Ctrl Shift K Then click OK Warning follow these instructions very carefully all your actions are being recorded
18. h can translate high level languages written by humans into machine code understood by processors high level machine language code translator program 1 3 Translators There are two main types of translator program that you need to know something about These are called interpreters and compilers To understand the difference it is useful to think about an analogy from the non computer world Imagine that you are the world expert in some obscure subject like the anatomy of the microscopic tube worms of the steppes of Kazakhstan You have been invited to present a lecture on this subject at a conference to be held in Japan Most of the delegates at the conference do not speak or understand English and you do not know any Japanese How are you going to communicate There are two options e Interpreters e Compilers Deans Community High School 5 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development 1 4 Interpreters Option is to go to the conference yourself and deliver your speech in English one sentence at a time After each sentence a professional translator who can understand English and also speaks fluent Japanese will turn your sentence in Japanese This will continue right through your lecture with the interpreter translating each sentence as you go along Computer interpreter programs work in the same way The interpreter takes each line of high level language code translates it into machin
19. ho are developing the program Deans Community High School 18 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development It is easy to understand these if we think about an everyday example rather than a computer program Think about making tea Here is a list of instructions for this task 1 Get a mug out of the cupboard 2 Put a teabag in it 3 Boil the kettle 4 Pour boiling water from the kettle into the mug 5 Stir This is an example of pseudocode It is a numbered list of instructions written in normal human language in this case English It doesn t go into all the details but it gives the main steps Another way of showing this is as a structure diagram It could look like this Get mug Put teabag Boil kettle Pour water from In mug from kettle cupboard into mug Each instruction goes into a separate box You read pseudocode from top to bottom You read a structure diagram from left to right Sia Activity 7 i Now try a couple for yourself Here are some simple tasks Going to school Going to New York Having a shower Phoning a friend Becoming a millionaire Choose any two and write a pseudocode instruction and draw a structure diagram for each one Don t make it too complicated In the tea example I broke making tea down into five steps You could have broken it down into many more detailed steps For example getting a mug out of the cupboard could be broken down into smaller steps wa
20. ination You can also activate the macro by selecting it from Tools Macro Macros This macro would be useful if you have several documents to work through in each of which you have been asked to change the main heading to bold red text If you needed to change all the sub headings to italic blue text you could set up another similar macro to do that Alternatively you could edit the macro directly by changing the VBA code in the edit window Try editing the above macro to make it produce blue italic text The examples above are very simple ones Macros can be used to automate any task within an application program For example they can be used to activate long and complex data manipulations within a database application or specialised formatting within any type of document Some applications such as AppleWorks allow you to record macros but don t allow you to edit the code as you can in MS Office If you have time you could explore any other applications that you use to see if they have a macro facility Questions 1 What is a macro 2 What type of language is used to write macros 3 What are the advantages of using macros 4 Describe two examples where a macro could be useful Deans Community High School 11 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development SECTION 2 2 1 Software This unit is about software What is software You should already know that any computer system is made up of hardware and
21. ion 7 Maintenance Deans Community High School 15 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development 2 3 A dance in the dark every Monday Exactly the same process goes into the production of a piece of software The software engineers and their colleagues carry out all the stages of the software development process in order analysis design implementation testing documentation evaluation maintenance p5 Activity Consider the production of a new game program by a software company Here are descriptions of the seven stages but they are in the wrong order Copy and complete another table like the one below and slot the stages into the correct places A Writing a user guide and technical guide for the software B Deciding what type of game you want to create and what features you want it to have C Adapting the game to run on a different type of computer D Actually writing all the program code E Checking that the program does what it is supposed to do is easy to use and can be fixed if there is a problem F Working out the details of what the screens will look like what menus and functions there will be and other detailed aspects of the program G Getting users to try out the program to make sure it works under most conditions Stage Description 1 Analysis 2 Design 3 Implementation 4 Testing 5 Documentation 6 Evaluation 7 Maintenance
22. ion However the development isn t yet complete Some documentation will be needed to go with the TV a User Manual containing all the instructions about how to work the new TV and probably a Technical Manual for repair engineers Deans Community High School Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development Stage 6 Evaluation Once the model is in production the company will want to evaluate it Does it do what it is supposed to do Is it easy to use And from the engineer s point of view is it easy to repair Stage 7 Maintenance Stage 6 should be the end of the story but in the real world there needs to be stage 7 maintenance There are different kinds of maintenance fixing faults that turn up once it is being used regularly improving the design to make it even better or making changes for other situations like making a version that will work in another country These seven stages are an essential part of the production process Activity OK let s see if you have got the idea Choose any type of manufactured object it could be a car an item of clothing a readymade meal a toy a piece of furniture a building or Now copy and complete this table writing one sentence to describe each of the seven stages in the production of your chosen object Object chosen Stage Description 1 Analysis 2 Design 3 Implementation 4 Testing 5 Documentation 6 Evaluat
23. ivate Sub cmdOK_Click coding for the OK command button displays an appropriate message for each possible number entered written by A Programmer on 29 12 03 Dim Number as Integer Number txtNumber text If Number 1 Then MsgBox Number amp wins you a colour TV If Number 2 Then MsgBox Number amp wins you a mobile phone If Number 3 Then MsgBox Number amp wins you a holiday in Spain If Number 4 Then MsgBox Number amp wins you 10p If Number 5 Then MsgBox Number amp wins you a day at the beach If Number lt 1 Then MsgBox Number amp is too small If Number gt 5 Then MsgBox Number amp is too large End Sub You can see that a high level language has features that make it similar to a human language the use of ordinary words for example This means that the implementation is often carried out using similar tools to those used for writing an essay or report For example cut and paste would be useful when typing the program shown above To write an essay or report you would normally use a word processing package High level language programs can also be written using a word processing package The source code can be saved as a text file which can then be translated into machine code by a compiler However some software development environments provide a text editor which incorporates many of the usual features of a word processor The most use
24. lf at home open it up and take a look inside the box that it came in Make a list of all the items of documentation that you find there F gt Gy PAM 2 9 Evaluation The final stage in the process before the software can be distributed or sold is evaluation Evaluation involves reviewing the software under various headings to see if it is of the quality required In this course we will review software under three headings fitness for purpose user interface and readability Is the software fit for purpose The answer is yes if the software does all the things that it is supposed to do under all reasonable conditions This means going back to the program specification produced at the analysis stage and checking that all the features of the software have been implemented It also means considering the results of testing and making sure that the program works correctly and is free from bugs The user interface should also be evaluated Is the program easy to use Is it clear what all the menus commands and options are supposed to do Could it be improved in any way The third aspect of evaluation that we will consider is readability This is of no direct concern to the user of the software but is important for any programmer who may need to understand how the program works It is to do with the way that the coding has been implemented Is it possible for the program code to be read and understood by another programmer p
25. lk across to the cupboard open the door choose a mug lift it out close the door walk back across the room Try to break the task down into between four and eight steps We will use pseudocode in Section 3 when we start to develop our own computer programs Deans Community High School 19 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development There are other graphical methods of representing the structure of a program These include structure charts and flowcharts Some use a variety of boxes to represent different types of instruction For example you might see to represent a repeated action lt gt to represent a choice to represent a step which will be broken down into smaller steps 2 6 Implementation In software development implementation is the process of converting a program design into a suitable programming language There are thousands of different programming languages out there all with their own advantages and disadvantages For the purposes of this course you only need to know about two main groups machine code and high level languages You will learn more about these in Section 2 2 7 Testing We looked at testing at the start of this section Whether we are talking about a new TV a new item of clothing or a new computer program the manufacturers will spend a great deal of time on testing This will be carefully planned to test a wide range of conditions We can divide it up into three types of testing e Te
26. ncient but reliable web page editor some game programs e Symantec Anti virus suite But that s not all On each computer that I have used a program or group of programs called the operating system must have been running So I must add the following to my list e Windows 97 on the ancient laptop I am using to type these notes e Windows XP on another laptop e Windows 2000 on a computer at school e MacOS 8 1 on my trusty old Mac clone e MacOS X 2 on my iMac Thirdly a full list would include all the actual documents files web pages e mails and so on that I had accessed as these are also software That would be too long a list so PI ignore it here Deans Community High School 12 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development x Activity A How about you Make a list of all the software programs and operating systems that AN you have used over the last few days The point about all these is this they didn t grow on trees They are available for us to use because they have been designed and created by teams of software developers In this unit we are going to learn about the process of developing software and to apply this process to develop some simple programs of our own Questions 1 What is the meaning of the term hardware 2 Give three examples of software 3 Identify each of the following as either hardware or software Item hardware software monitor database Windows 97 s
27. og 3 1 but with bugs fixed and some new features added The third type of maintenance is adaptive maintenance This is where the software has to be changed to take account of new conditions The most obvious example is when a new operating system comes out Perhaps BloggProg 3 2 was designed to run under Windows 2000 When Windows XP came along changes had to be made to BloggProg so that it would work under the new operating system Deans Community High School 21 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development Questions 1 Match up these descriptions of the stages of the software development process with the correct names one has been done for you Stage Description Evaluation Writing a user guide and technical guide for the software Testing Working out the details of what the screens will look like what menus and functions there will be and other detailed aspects of the program Implementation Deciding what type of game you want to create and what features you want it to have Design Actually writing all the program code Documentation Adapting the game to run on a different type of computer Analysis Checking that the program does what it is supposed to do is easy to use and can be fixed if there is a problem Maintenance Getting users to try out the program to make sure it works under most conditions 2 What three criteria will be used for evaluating software in this unit 3 What is the relationship betw
28. sting normal conditions Making sure the program does what it should do when used normally e Testing extreme conditions Making sure the program can handle situations that are at the edge of what would be considered normal e Testing exceptional conditions Making sure it can handle situations or inputs that it has not been designed to cope with You will see examples of all of these in Section 3 2 8 Documentation When you buy a product whether it is a computer program or anything else you usually get some kind of User Guide with it This tells you how to use the product It might also contain a tutorial taking you through the use of the product step by step Some software comes with a big fat book called User Guide or Manual others come with the User Guide on a CD As well as documentation for the user of the software there should also be a Technical Guide of some sort This gives technical information which is of little interest to most users except that it will usually include information about the specification of computer required including how much RAM it needs how fast a processor it must have and which operating system is required The Technical Guide should also include instructions on how to install the software Deans Community High School 20 Intermediate 2 Computing Software Development Activity Get hold of a software package that has been bought by your school or college or one you have bought yourse
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