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TRACER 4102/4202 System Manual

1. 28 RS 232 Connection Modem Use 29 T1 Connections RJ 48C 30 Alarm Contacts Plug In Terminal Block 31 DC Power Connection Plug In Terminal Block 31 EUSE de RL perd ES Nn Dn 31 Antenna Interface N Type connector 32 At A Glance Specifications 4sssssssssssessss 32 FIGURES Figure 1 TRACER 4202 Front Panel Layout 26 Figure 2 TRACER 4102 4202 Rear Panel 27 TABLES Table 1 TRACER 4102 4202 Front Panel Description 26 Table 2 TRACER 4102 4202 LEDs 27 Table 1 Rear Panel Description 28 Table 2 RS 232 Connection Pinout 28 Table 3 TRACER 4102 4202 DCE to Terminal DTE Diagram DB 25 29 Table 4 TRACER 4102 4202 DCE to Personal Computer DB 9 29 Table 5 TRACER 4102 4202 DCE to Modem DCE DB 25 30 Table 6 Interface Connector Pinout 30 T
2. 2222 51 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 1 NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENU The TRACER 4102 4202 menu system can be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal that is connected to the RS 232 port located on the back of the unit and set to 9600 bits per second 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity Flow control on the serial interface should be configured to NONE for proper operation Once a terminal is connected press lt Ctrl L gt to refresh the current screen If password access has been enabled the ENTER PASSWORD message displays at the bottom of the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu All TRACER 4102 4202 systems are shipped factory default with password protection disabled Terminal Menu Window The TRACER 4102 4202 uses a series of menu pages and a single main menu page to access its many features The main menu page see Figure 1 provides a link to all available configuration status pages After connecting a VT100 terminal to the TRACER 4102 4202 press lt Ctrl L gt to redraw Wine the current screen i Telnet Connection TRACER 4202 Hain Menu _Elapsed Tine WO000 days i 01 20 A Henu 1 1 Henua 2 Figure 1 Main Menu Screen 42 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide Navigating using the Keyboard Ke
3. PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 R Transmit data ring towards the network T Transmit data tip towards the network 3 6 8 UNUSED R1 Receive data ring toward the network 5 T1 Receive data tip from the network 30 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Alarm Contacts Plug In Terminal Block An RF link down condition is indicated with both normally open NO and normally closed NC alarm contacts on the rear panel of the TRACER 4102 4202 system In normal operation the NC contact is electrically connected to the common contact COM and the NO contact is isolated When the RF link drops the NC contact becomes isolated and the NO is electrically connected to COM This allows RF down conditions to be reported to external alarm monitoring systems Table 7 Alarm Contact Connector Pinout PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 COM Common Contact NO Normally Open Contact NC Normally Closed Contact DC Power Connection Plug In Terminal Block The TRACER 4102 4202 can operate from a supply between 21 and 60 VDC with either polarity referenced to ground and consumes less than 20 Watts W Power supplies should be able to provide up to 30 W at the selected voltage Current required in Amps is determined by dividing the power consumed in Watts by the applied voltage in Volts For example at 48 V TRACER 4102 4202 would draw
4. 000 cece eee 20 Antenna Information 00 cece hh hh hh hh hh 21 Antenna Alignment 444444444 et hh 21 TRACER RSSI Test Points 21 Antenna Beam Patterns 21 Fresnel Zones Earth Curvature amp Antenna Heights 22 Other Considerations a ee ee ee ee EIER xx 23 Path Avallability 22 certet A ev bote e i eee vetet a ge eite 23 FIGURES Figure 1 Example Microwave Path with Parameters 17 Figure 2 Typical Antenna Beam Pattern 21 TABLES Table 1 Antenna Gain for Given Dish Diameters 17 Table 2 Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types 19 Table 3 Path Loss for Given Path Lengths 20 Table 4 Receiver Sensitivity for the TRACER 4102 4202 20 Table 5 Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths 22 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 13 Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 14 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics 1 LINE OF SIGHT The TRACER 4102 and 4202 systems are desi
5. This level of RF energy is below the Maximum Permissible Exposure MPE levels specified in FCC OET 65 97 01 The installation of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the general population at a distance less than 15 feet 4 6 meter from the center of the antenna The following precautions must be taken during installation of this equipment Code NEC Article 810 Verify the antenna installation meets all regulations specified in the National Electric UT installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than 15 feet 4 6 meters Installation on towers masts or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended or e Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet 4 6 meter from the front of the antenna e It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that prevents access to the antenna Priorto installing the antenna to the TRACER 4102 4202 output make sure the power is adjusted to the settings specified in section 2 of this manual e During antenna installation be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence on the coaxial connector e During installa
6. 1 If possible attach any or all of the intended T1 hardware to the TRACER 4102 4202 units using the same workbench setup This step offers the perfect opportunity to configure your T1 hardware for proper functioning with the TRACER hardware To significantly reduce the probability of an unsuccessful field installation resolve any remaining T1 equipment to TRACER 4102 4202 configuration issues before field installation See pages 57 and 57 for more information on resolving T1 interface alarm conditions 60 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A
7. Hardware Description Specification T1 Interface Capacity 1 544 Mbps each Connection RJ 48C jacks Line Code B8ZS AMI Framing ESF D4 Alarms AIS Red Yellow BPVs LOS Loopbacks Local and remote line and link User Interface Panel Alarm LEDs Diagnostics Line and Link Loopbacks Test Points RSSI and GND Alarms Normally Open NO and Normally Closed NC Menu Driven User Interface Control of the Remote End VT100 Terminal Loopback Test Optional Password Protection Event History VT100 Terminal Interface Data Rate 9600 bps Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Terminal Emulation VT100 Mechanical and Environmental Operating Temperature 25 C to 65 C Size 17 12 W x 9 34 D x 1 72 H Humidity 95 Non condensing Weight 9 lbs TRACER 4102 7 lbs TRACER 4202 Power Input Voltage 21 to 60 VDC either polarity referenced to ground Power Consumption 20 Watts Connector 2 pin terminal block DC Fuse 1A 250V slow blo fuse 2 inch 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 33 Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 34 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURE Provides shipment contents list grounding instructions mounting options and specifics of supplying power to the unit CONTENTS Intro d ction 1 ucc ee aie see he ee ee tee ee eee 36 Tools
8. O000000000000000000 O000000000000000000 Figure 4 23 inch Rackmount Illustration 8 CONNECTING THE T1 INTERFACE The physical T1 interface is provided using two RJ 48C jacks for transmit and receive The provided straight through T1 interface cables can be used to interface to any standard T1 DTE device 40 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A USER INTERFACE GUIDE Provides detailed descriptions of all menu options and configuration parameters available for the TRACER 4102 4202 This section of ADTRAN s TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual is designed for use by network administrators and others who will configure and provision the system It contains information about navigating the VT100 user interface configuration information and menu descriptions CONTENTS Navigating the Terminal Menu 42 Terminal Menu Window urbe an tue Pad Mam ESI Eu Gol a ae E E ete 42 Navigating using the Keyboard Keys 43 Terminal Menu and System Control 43 Password Protection ue Saal t etse LER I ae a ed eee a 43 Menu Descriptions 112 110 a lw idee ieee ie eee bide XR es 44 gt TRACER System Status 44 EXER TIPP EE 46 gt TRACER System Options 47 gt TRACER Link Performance Histo
9. TRACER 4102 4202 DCE to Personal Computer DB 9 PIN NAME PIN NAME 2 TX cm gt 3 TX 3 RX 2 RX 4 RTS 7 RTS 5 CTS cM 8 CTS 6 DSR gt 6 DSR 7 GND cM 5 GND RS 232 Connection Modem Use Modem controls discussed in Section 5 User Interface Guide enable or disable modem control through the RS 232 interface When this option is enabled from a standard terminal connection all RS 232 communications cease until a modem with a null modem adapter is attached between the TRACER 4102 4202 and the data modem Configure the data modem for AUTO ANSWER and 9600 bps When the user connects via the modem to the TRACER 4102 4202 unit communications via the RS 232 port resume If a user accidentally enables modem control from a terminal and disrupts the RS 232 communication pressing lt Ctrl Z gt three times will temporarily disable the modem control option until the system is reset and will access the system option to disable modem control The TRACER 4102 4202 must be interfaced to a modem via an RS 232 null modem adapter or cable The null modem converts Clear To Send CTS and Data Set Ready DSR into Ready To Send RTS and Data Terminal Ready DTR respectively These signals indicate to most modems that a valid DTE terminal device is present The null modem interface must route Carrier Detect CD on pin 8 directly from the modem When using the RS 232 interface for modem co
10. the lower portion and transmit in bandplan 1 of channel B the upper portion Refer to Figures 5 and 6 for the 2 4 GHz and 5 8 GHz bandwidth division respectively The TRACER 4102 4202 comes factory programmed with RF bandplan set to Band 1 When changing RF bandplans on installed links change the remote end first If the local end is changed first remote configuration capability is lost In the event the local end is UT changed first and the link is dropped reset the local end to the previous setting to restore the link 2400 MHz 2416 2422 2428 2441 75 2456 2462 2468 2483 5 MHz Bandplan 1 Bandplan 3 lt Bandplan 1 Bandplan 3 Bandplan 2 Bandplan 2 Figure 5 2 4 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4102 Channel A Channel 1 Bandplan 1 Y 1 1 1 Y Y Bandplan 2 Bandplan 3 V Bandplan 1 Bandplan 2 Bandplan 3 5725 MHz 5734 5744 5753 5787 5814 5824 5833 5850 MHz Figure 6 5 8 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4202 gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt ACTIVE T1 PORTS Configures the delivered bandwidth of the TRACER 4102 4202 When 2XT1 ports are active the system receive sensitivity is 96 dBm TRACER 4102 and 93 dBm TRACER 4202 As the delivered 48 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide bandwidth is decreased receive sensitivity improves as follows T
11. Condition on a T1 Interface Check the TAA 80 0008 tive T1 stat to identify the active alarm T1 Alarms TE respective T1 status page to identify the active alarm Red blinking the respective T1 is in a loopback mode RF LOW Red solid the RSSI level is approaching 0 Volts of RSSI TST Amber solid there is an active test being performed by the system 4 REVIEWING THE TRACER 4102 4202 REAR PANEL DESIGN Figure 2 identifies the various features of the TRACER 4102 4202 rear panel and Table 1 on page 26 provides a brief description of each interface A E G RS232 Interface DC Power Antenna VT100 Terminal Connection Connector ALARM mz a 7 com No Nc B 1 D F H Test c Alarm Fuse ur T1 Interfaces Contacts Figure 2 TRACER 4102 4202 Rear Panel 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 27 Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Table 1 Rear Panel Description Name Connector Description A RS 232 DB 25 female VT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation software connection B Test 1 4 bantam Factory test connection C TiA TiD RJ 48C T1 device connection D Alarm Terminal block External alarm monitoring system connection E DC Power Terminal block 21 60 VDC power source connection F Fuse N A 2 A 250 V 2 inch slow blo fuse G Antenna N Type A
12. TRACER 4102 4202 Microwave Path Engineering Basics 13 Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link or path The significant parameters are defined and several recommendations are offered Engineering Guidelines 25 Provides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 4102 4202 system into their networks Network Turnup Procedure 35 Provides shipment contents list grounding instructions mounting options and specifics of sup plying power to the unit User Interface Guide sie ed yo ERRARE RR ah 41 Provides detailed descriptions of all menu options and configuration parameters available for the TRACER 4102 4202 Troubleshooting Guide 55 Provides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 4102 4202 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 9 Table of Contents TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 10 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section of ADTRAN s TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual is designed for use by network engineers planners and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4102 4202 It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts network relationships provisioning testing alarm status and system monitoring This section should be use
13. approximately 0 417 A 20 W 48 V The terminal of the DC power connection must be connected to the most positive voltage rail while the terminal must be connected to the most negative voltage rail For example a 24 V source should be delivered to the TRACER 4102 4202 by connecting 24 V to the terminal of the TRACER 4102 4202 power terminal block and ground the most negative voltage to the TRACER 4102 4202 terminal Alternately a 48V supply should be delivered to the TRACER 4102 4202 by connecting ground the most positive voltage to the terminal of the TRACER 4102 4202 power terminal block and 48 V to the terminal If the power supply voltages are incorrectly connected to the TRACER 4102 4202 Y X Ww ARNING system the fuse will blow Table 8 DC Power Connector Pinout PIN NAME Voltage Voltage 1 Ground GND Voltage 2 Voltage Ground GND Fuse The fuse holder accessible from the rear panel of the TRACER 4102 4202 accepts a generic 1A 250 V 2 inch slow blo fuse 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 31 Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Antenna Interface N Type connector The ANTENNA interface N Type connector connects to the customer supplied antenna using standard antenna feedline cable When determining the cable specifications for your application refer to Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics System Lo
14. formats By default the signaling method is set to ESF gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LINE CODE Sets the line coding for the T1 link The TRACER 4102 4202 supports bipolar eight zero substitution B8ZS and alternate mark inversion AMI line coding By default the line code is set to B8ZS gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LOOP NORMAL STATE Controls the loop status of the T1 link Activates deactivates loopback conditions for testing purposes gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LOOP NORMAL STATE gt NORMAL Defines the T1 link as normal data transport mode there are no active loopbacks gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LOOP NORMAL STATE gt LINK LOCAL Activates a loopback at the local TRACER 4102 4202 T1 framer towards the remote end of the wireless link see Figure 9 Use the local LINK loopback to loop the data transmitted from the remote end of the link back across the radio link to the remote end of the link This loopback tests the integrity of the radio link and all the associated digital and RF hardware RK gt gt gt gt gt gt RE 1 gt gt gt gt gt 22 TM Local CANANANAN Remote MI amp UP j lt RH Figure 9 T1 Local Link Loopback 52 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LOOP NO
15. grounding type and the equipment grounding conductors serving these receptacles are to be connected to earth ground at the service equipment A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be installed between the product or system and ground that is in addition to the equipment grounding conductor in the power supply cord The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall not be smaller in size than the ungrounded branch circuit supply conductors The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be connected to the product at the terminal provided and shall be connected to ground in a manner that will retain the ground connection when the product is unplugged from the receptacle The connection to ground of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be in compliance with the rules for terminating bonding jumpers at Part K or Article 250 of the National Electrical Code ANSI NFPA 70 Termination of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor is permitted to be made to building steel to a metal electrical raceway system or to any grounded item that is permanently and reliably connected to the electrical service equipment ground The supplemental grounding conductor shall be connected to the equipment using a number 8 ring terminal and should be fastened to the grounding lug provided on the rear panel of the equipment The ring terminal should be installed using the appropriate crimping tool AMP P N 59250 T EAD Crimping T
16. interference while links with low MIN RSL numbers have improperly engineered paths or excess system losses A system with MIN RSL numbers varying widely indicates an intermittent installation problem such as loose connectors damaged coax or lightning arrestors or water contaminated feedlines Link errors LNK ERR represent errored seconds across the wireless link and are generally an indication of path or interference problems The link error count and minimum received signal level for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15 minute increments and displayed on the right side of the page The left side of the page displays the 24 hour totals for the most recent 7 days Press lt gt to view the next 8 hours worth of 15 minute totals lt P gt to view the previous 8 hours Press lt L gt from any menu in the TRACER 4102 4202 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Link Performance History menu page 50 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK interfaces A and Wor The following menus for the T1x Status Configuration Loopback apply to both available Figure 8 shows the T1x Status Configuration Loopback menu page which displays a real time graphical representation for the T1x link using data from both the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units T1x operational configuration paramet
17. that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television e Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver e Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user s Y X W ARNING authority to operate the equipment 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 5 FCC Required Information TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual FCC Output Power Restrictions The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device License free operation in the industrial scientific and medical band is documented in FCC Rules Part 15 247 It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implementing the radio system to assure compliance with any pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations This device must be professionally installed Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields The TRACER 4102 is designed to operate at 2 4 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power The TRACER 4202 is designed to operate at 5 8 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power
18. usually approximated at the center frequency of the band which is 2441 75 MHz for the TRACER 4102 and 5787 5 MHz for the TRACER 4202 The carrier wavelength calculations follow c f meters where c speed of light in meters f frequency in Hz resulting in the following carrier wavelength at 5787 5 MHz 3 00 x 10 8 5787 5 x 10 5 0 0518 m or 5 18 cm Path Distance d The path distance is simply the physical distance between the transmit and receive antennas For the TRACER 4102 4202 these distances can range up to 30 miles System Losses L System losses are defined by RF coaxial cable loss connector losses and losses added from any additional lightning protection devices for the power budget analysis Coaxial cable is required to attach the TRACER 4102 4202 to the antenna The length of the cable varies from a few feet to hundreds of feet depending upon your application and the proximity of the TRACER 4102 4202 to the antenna Various grades of coaxial cable will work sufficiently well for connecting the TRACER 4102 4202 unit to the antenna A low loss coaxial cable will minimize cable losses One end of the coaxial cable requires an N type male connector plug to mate with the TRACER 4102 4202 unit The other end of the coaxial cable requires a connector compatible with the antenna chosen for the installation usually an N type male connector Additionally ADTRAN recommends that the outdoor connector
19. 2 Identify the RMA number clearly on the package below address and return to the following address ADTRAN Customer and Product Service 901 Explorer Blvd East Tower Huntsville Alabama 35806 RMA Pre Sales Inquiries and Applications Support Your reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support If additional pre sales support is needed the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base latest product documentation application briefs case studies and a link to submit a question to an Applications Engineer All of this and more is available at http support adtran com When needed further pre sales assistance is available by calling our Applications Engineering Department Applications Engineering 800 615 1176 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 7 Customer Service Product Support Information and Training TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Post Sale Support Your reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support If additional support is needed the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base updated firmware releases latest product documentation service request ticket generation and trouble shooting tools All of this and more is available at http support adtran com When needed further post sales assistance is available by calling our Technical Support Center Ple
20. 202 unit to the T1 equipment connected at the remote end of the link RH 22 32 RF 1 D 1 Local N NX Remote IM UP j Figure 12 T1 Remote Line Loopback 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 53 Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual gt T1X PERFORMANCE HISTORY Ld The following menus for the Tlx Performance History apply to both available interfaces A and Figure 13 shows the T1x Performance History menu page which displays detailed error statistics for the T1 link from both the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units in 15 minute and 24 hour increments Telnet Connection Session Edt Options Capbure TIA Performance Histor 2h Hour Hegislers 16 Himute Hegishers lam E amp amp EL E amp 5E amp E amp SE amp E amp amp ES E amp amp E amp ES amp amp E amp miig CO aian awitt m Bi d awn d 7 Days 24 Hours Figure 13 T1x Link Performance History T1 performance data is presented as Errored Seconds ES and Severely Errored Seconds SES on the T1 link The following events qualify as an ES AIS LOS or LOF Alarm Second a single bipolar violation BPV excessive zero event or a single parity bit An SES is caused by an AIS LOS or LOF Alarm Second excessive BPVs or framed parity bit errors causing
21. 612804202L1 1A January 2004 ADRAN TRACER 4102 4202 12804102L1A 12804102L1B 12804202L1A 12804202L1B System Manual TRACER 4102 System Plan A TRACER 4102 System Plan B TRACER 4202 System Plan A TRACER 4202 System Plan B Trademarks TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Trademarks Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders To the Holder of the Manual The contents of this manual are current as of the date of publication ADTRAN reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice In no event will ADTRAN be liable for any special incidental or consequential damages or for commercial losses even if ADTRAN has been advised thereof as a result of issue of this publication About this Manual This manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 4102 4202 system and system software The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician system administrator and manager with general and specific information related to the planning installation operation and maintenance of the TRACER 4102 4202 This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found ADRAN 901 Explorer Boulevard P O Box 140000 Huntsville AL 35814 4000 Phone 256 963 8000 2004 ADTRAN Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in U S A 2 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manu
22. Antenna gains are specified in terms of decibels of gain referenced to an isotropic source dBi An isotropic source is a hypothetical antenna having equal radiation in all directions Typical antenna gains are listed in Table 1 however dish manufacturers can provide gains for specific types of antennas Table 1 Antenna Gain for Given Dish Diameters Dish Diameter Gain at 2 4 GHz Gain at 5 8 GHz in feet in dBi in dBi 2 21 28 5 4 27 34 2 6 31 37 5 8 33 40 7 10 35 42 5 12 37 44 2 Transmitted Power P7 The FCC specifies the maximum transmitter power that may be used for antennae of a given gain FCC Rules Part 15 Subpart 247 allow for a maximum power of 1 Watt 30 dBm into antennae of a gain less than or equal to 6 dBi At 2 4 GHz TRACER 4102 the 1 watt maximum transmitter power must be reduced by 1 dB for every 3 dB of antenna gain over 6 dBi Since the TRACER 4102 maximum transmit power is 100 milliwatts only antennas with gains above 36 dBi 12 foot diameter parabolic dishes require any reduction in transmit power For the 5 8 GHz band TRACER 4202 there is no reduction in transmitter output power required for antenna gains greater than 6 dBi 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 17 Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Carrier Wavelength The carrier wavelength is the physical wavelength of the main RF carrier being used for communication and is
23. RMAL STATE gt LINK REMOTE Activates a loopback at the remote TRACER 4102 4202 T1 framer towards the local end of the wireless link see Figure 10 Use the remote LINK loopback to loop the data transmitted from the local end of the link across the radio link to the local end of the link This loopback tests the integrity of the radio link and all the associated digital and RF hardware RM gt RF 5 gt TH Local IFATATATAT Remote IX lt lt UP J c MIB lt Figure 10 T1 Remote Link Loopback gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LOOP NORMAL STATE gt LINE LOCAL Activates a loopback at the local TRACER 4102 4202 T1 framer towards the locally connected T1 equipment see Figure 11 Use the local LINE loopback to test data path integrity from the local TRACER 4102 4202 unit to the connected T1 equipment Ra 3 gt _ 33 33 RF sr gt TM Local FATATATA Remote TH 44 UP 4 amp 4 Figure 11 T1 Local Line Loopback gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt LOOP NORMAL STATE gt LINE REMOTE Activates a loopback at the remote TRACER 4102 4202 T1 framer towards the connected T1 equipment at the remote end of the link see Figure 12 Use the remote LINE loopback to test data path integrity from the remote TRACER 4102 4
24. Required 2 veer nas Eee s Fee pee Be ea ee ete 36 Unpack and Inspect the System 36 Contents of ADTRAN Shipment 36 Gustomer Provides peri side hour nee fes detente dd deities stews 37 Channel Selection 2 2 2 lul URL en we kd etage eee eee aan 37 Grounding Instructions 00 eee 38 Supplying Power to the Unit 000 ccc ee 39 Mounting Options 2 05 sete ted Lee ee ee eee powers ek SS 39 Connecting the T1 Interface 40 FIGURES Figure 1 2 4 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4102 37 Figure 2 5 8 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4202 37 Figure 3 19 inch Rackmount Illustration 40 Figure 4 23 inch Rackmount Illustration 40 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 35 Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 1 INTRODUCTION This section discusses the installation process of the TRACER 4102 4202 system Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user s Ni X W ARNING authority to operate the equipment 2 TOOLS REQUIRED The tools required for the installation of the TRACER 4102 4202 are e WVT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation
25. a line bit error rate BER of 10 6 The error count for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15 minute increments and displayed on the right side of the page The left side of the page displays the 24 hour totals for the most recent 7 days Press lt N gt to view the next 8 hours worth of 15 minute totals and lt P gt to view the previous 8 hours 54 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Provides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 4102 4202 CONTENTS OvervieW score uve ne te te ee ee M ae ha re Se 56 LED Indicators eines te ee a aie relate nu a out Reale date Cok wees 56 PWFEPBED oun eee e ENUR TR GI Go FU Ant GEN es a RARUS SRR GREER Gite de IUS CHE Ge 56 MST ED tests ed EET 56 REIDOWN LED 28 wish ta aco ta Ft Yee eaten e De as a 56 REFLOW CED AS eos eC dde Qe Eg aM deena we oy aad e 57 T1 Interface Alarm LEDSs 20 57 RE EMOS o ee eee Se 58 Step by Step Troubleshooting 58 Installing Troubleshooting the TRACER Hardware 58 Installing Configuring T1 Hardware 60 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 55 Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 1 OVERVIEW This troubleshooting guide provides r
26. ability for different types of climates weather In general microwave links operating in areas with high humidity will have less availability than those in arid areas primarily because water is a dispersive mechanism to microwave energy and causes the main signal lobe to refract and disperse away from the receiver location The climate factor 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 23 Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual values normally used are listed below Climate Climate Factor Description Very Dry 1 8 desert regions Temperate 1 4 mainland interior region Humid 1 2 humid and coastal regions 24 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A ENGINEERING GUIDELINES Provides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 4102 4202 system into their networks CONTENTS Equipment Dimensions s s s s 26 Power Requirements 2 trama prins ee ee sue eee nie ete es se 26 Reviewing the Front Panel Design 26 RSSI Monitoring 1 26 Front Pan l LEDS ved s per a mar tn en P unbberzvrit pela tea neh L eee 26 Reviewing the TRACER 4102 4202 Rear Panel Design 27 RS 232 Connection DB 25 Terminal Use
27. able 1 Receiver Sensitivity for the TRACER 4102 4202 Delivered Receiver Sensitivity Active Bandwidth TRACER 4102 TRACER 4202 T1 Ports 2xT1 96 dBm 93 dBm A B 1xT1 98 dBm 95 dBm A Both ends of the TRACER link must be set to the same number of active T1 ports The TRACER 4102 4202 comes factory programmed with ACTIVE T1 PORTS set to 2XT1 When changing active ports on installed links change the remote end first If the local end is changed first remote configuration capability is lost In the event the local end is UT changed first and the link is dropped reset the local end to the previous setting to restore the link gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt MODEM CONTROL Configures the modem control leads on the RS 232 port terminal interface located on the rear panel of the unit Set MODEM CONTROL to ENABLED when connecting the unit to a modem using a null modem adapter Setting MODEM CONTROL to DISABLED prevents the TRACER 4102 4202 from monitoring DCD and enables data to be sent to the VT100 continuously MODEM CONTROL must be set to DISABLED when the VT100 terminal is in use The TRACER 4102 4202 comes factory programmed with MODEM CONTROL set to DISABLED Wor Press lt Ctrl Z gt three times from the terminal interface to disable MODEM CONTROL when the modem control leads are active gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt MODEM CONNECTION LOGOUT Causes the TRACER 4102 4202 to de assert Cl
28. able 7 Alarm Contact Connector Pinout 31 Table 8 DC Power Connector Pinout 31 Table 9 At A Glance Specifications 32 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 25 Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 1 EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONS The TRACER 4102 4202 unit is 17 12 W 9 34 D and 1 72 H and can be used in 19 or 23 inch rack mount configurations 2 POWER REQUIREMENTS The TRACER 4102 4202 system has a maximum power consumption of 20 Watts and a maximum current draw of 0 95 Amp at 21 VDC 3 REVIEWING THE FRONT PANEL DESIGN The front panel contains an RSSI test point a GND reference for use with the RSSI test point and status LEDs to provide visual information about the TRACER 4102 4202 system Figure 1 identifies the various test points and the LEDs on a TRACER 4202 front panel The TRACER 4102 front panel layout is identical to the TRACER 4202 front panel Status LEDs TRACER 4202 RSSI GND Figure 1 TRACER 4202 Front Panel Layout RSSI Monitoring Interface The RSSI voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiver and is used to measure the received signal strength RSSI varies from approximately 0 to 5 Volts DC VDC An RSSI Calibration sheet is shipped with the system to provide the installer a cross reference between actual received signal l
29. al Revision History Revision History Document Date Description of Changes Revision A January 2004 Initial release of manual Won Notes provide additional useful information dito Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or N ARNING endangerment to human life 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 3 Safety Instructions TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Safety Instructions When using your telephone equipment please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire electrical shock or personal injury 1 Do not use this product near water such as a bathtub wash bowl kitchen sink laundry tub in a wet basement or near a swimming pool Avoid using a telephone other than a cordless type during an electrical storm There is a remote risk of shock from lightning Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak Use only the power cord power supply and or batteries indicated in the manual Do not dispose of batteries in a fire They may explode Check with local codes for special disposal instructions Save These Important Safety Instructions 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual FCC Required Information FCC Required Information Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency In
30. aligned Note that alignment must be achieved in both elevation and azimuth for optimal link performance The TRACER 4102 4202 can be used to aid in antenna alignment by looking at the Rx POWER fuel gauge on the System Status or System Option menu pages or by measuring the DC voltage relative to ground at the RSSI front panel test jack Optimal antenna alignment is achieved by peaking the front panel RSSI voltage or the the Rx Power fuel gauge on the TRACER 4102 4202 terminal diplay Consult the ADTRAN TRACER Data Sheet included with the unit to verify that the actual receive signal level agrees with the calculated receive signal An RSSI test point located on the front panel provides a DC voltage level relative to the GND test point that corresponds to the amount of signal being received from the far end s transmitter The voltage at this test point can vary from approximately 0 to 5 Volts DC An RSSI Calibration sheet is shipped with the system to provide the installer a cross reference between actual received signal level in dBm and RSSI voltage This sheet is useful for verifying link budget calculations and ensuring proper equipment installation 4 STEP BY STEP TROUBLESHOOTING The logical troubleshooting flow presented in this section can be used to set up your TRACER 4102 4202 system and also to diagnose a previously installed system Please contact ADTRAN Technical support at any stage during installation and or troubleshooting i
31. apsed time the os Main Menu Rx Power L Navigation Reminder Figure 2 TRACER 4102 4202 System Status TRACER 4102 4202 system has been operational since the last power reset B Contact Information The ADTRAN technical Support toll free contact number is located directly beneath the elapsed time display at the top of the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page C RF Status A graphical indicator of the TRACER RF link is located beneath the Technical Support contact number The status of the received radio link is indicated as RF UP or RF Down for each direction This RF status display corresponds to the RF DOWN LED on the front of the unit T1 Status Error Alarm Only E TRACER Remote Status Frequency Plan Rx Quality J Rx Power K Tx Power 44 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide D T1 Status Error Alarm Only A visual status of current errors alarms on the T1 interfaces for both the local and remote TRACER systems is provided on the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page T1A or T1B displayed in reverse highlight indicates an active error or alarm condition Individual T1 status pages accessible from the main menu provide detailed T1 information E Remote TRACER Status The right portion of the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page rep
32. ase have your unit serial number available when you call Technical Support 888 4ADTRAN Installation and Maintenance Support The ADTRAN Custom Extended Services ACES program offers multiple types and levels of installation and maintenance services which allow you to choose the kind of assistance you need This support is available at http www adtran com aces For questions call the ACES Help Desk ACES Help Desk 888 874 ACES 2237 Training The Enterprise Network EN Technical Training Department offers training on our most popular products These courses include overviews on product features and functions while covering applications of ADTRAN s product lines ADTRAN provides a variety of training options including customized training and courses taught at our facilities or at your site For more information about training please contact your Territory Manager or the Enterprise Training Coordinator Training Phone 800 615 1176 ext 7500 Training Fax 256 963 6700 Training Email training adtran com 8 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 System 11 This section of ADTRAN s TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual is designed for use by net work engineers planners and designers for overview information about the
33. ays the approximate receiver levels for both the local and remote units using a series of symbols The more symbols displayed the stronger the signal If the link is down in either direction and remote end data is unavailable DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols t K Tx Power Displays the approximate transmitter levels for both the local and remote units using a series of symbols sf The more symbols displayed the stronger the signal If the link is down in either direction and remote end data is unavailable DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols L Navigation Reminders Displays system navigation reminders For more details on system navigation refer to Navigating the Terminal Menu on page 42 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 45 Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual gt MAIN MENU The TRACER 4102 4202 Main Menu page provides access to all other configuration status pages Figure 3 shows the TRACER 4102 4202 Main Menu page 2 Telnet Commecison Cpbons TRACER 4202 Hain Menu Elapsed Time WJO000 days ay Ot 20 hel istory istory 5 Tih J Ti H Figure 3 TRACER 4102 4202 Main Menu From the keyboard use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the available pages or enter the number or letter of the selected page to highlight the menu page and press Enter Ld Press m from an
34. connected T1 equipment LOS is activated after receiving 192 consecutive zeros BPV Activates when the incoming T1 stream presents bipolar violations BPVs 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 51 Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt T1X LINE BUILD OUT Configures the T1 for the appropriate line buildout based on the distance to the T1 equipment By default the line buildout for the TRACER 4102 4202 is 0 dB 133 FT gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt ALARM REPORTING Determines whether the TRACER 4102 4202 unit will report active alarms If set to DISABLED no alarms will be displayed on this menu page The ALARM REPORTING parameter is independently configured for the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units When set to DISABLED the front panel LED alarms are also disabled OFF By default alarm reporting is set to ENABLED gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt SIGNALING Configures the framing format for the T1 link for both the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units The TRACER 4102 4202 transports T1 data across the link as long as the T1 signal is properly timed Configure the framing format using the SIGNALING menu to enable the TRACER 4102 4202 to monitor incoming framing error events and indicate problems with the attached metallic service The TRACER 4102 4202 supports both extended superframe ESF and superframe D4 framing
35. d in conjunction with Section 3 Engineering Guidelines of the system manual CONTENTS System Overview Ae ee ee ee eh a a Ree ENIM 12 Features and Benefits 2 rers kane tdi chu nets a a eee ate ele be eS 12 Configuration and Management 12 Operational etre ded hee ieee p o end amd trame ae eerie eel 12 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 11 Section 1 System Description TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW The ADTRAN TRACER 4102 and 4202 wireless systems provide two independent T1 circuits over a wireless link for up to 30 miles line of sight path required As authorized under Part 15 247 of the FCC Rules the TRACER 4102 and 4202 operate license free in the 2 4 GHz and 5 8 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical ISM bands respectively These bands require no frequency coordination or licensing of end users For configuration and testing the TRACER 4102 4202 provides the capability to control the remote sys tem through a separate maintenance channel The TRACER 4102 4202 has several built in test capabilities including remote loopback Complete configuration and performance data is available through menus accessed using a standard RS 232 terminal interface 2 FEATURES AND BENEFITS The following is a brief list of the TRACER 4102 4202 features and benefits Configuration and Management e Easy to use VT100 control port RS 232 interfac
36. e for configuration and monitoring e Remote configuration of both ends of the wireless link from each end of the link Operational e Two independent transparent T1 transmission paths over digital microwave link No license required per FCC Rules Part 15 247 e Frequency 2 400 to 2 4835 GHz TRACER 4102 and 5 725 to 5 850 GHz TRACER 4202 Point to point up to 30 miles e 1 U high unit for easy rack mounting 12 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICS Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link or path The significant parameters are defined and several recommendations are offered CONTENTS ine of SigNt rae oe aes dur e M Lm at 15 Terminology fad bed hours bi se e Law Diets ads bad dae 15 Decibels 2 1 22 oe ee cg iR Ww Ever tr e x ERIT Er E EE 15 Calculating the Fade Margin 15 Receiver c rt 16 Antenna Gain Lp 17 Transmitted Power PT 5 2 17 Carrier Wavelength 18 Pati Distance das 5 dede eine eae V ed ee ee EP SED EX 18 system Losses E i rs pe mU ete ne mt ew oan Dea ieee eet 18 Path Lossi Ep Se D ELA Meta Bs tho cate New sig Melee ean thea id ate 19 Receiver Sensitivity
37. e TRACER 4102 4202 menus and submenus The menu structure of the TRACER 4102 4202 system is depicted below as follows gt MENU PAGE gt MENU PAGE gt MENU SELECTION gt MENU PAGE gt MENU SELECTION gt SUB MENU gt TRACER SYSTEM STATUS Figure 2 shows the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page The status of major system components for both sides of the TRACER link are displayed but no configuration can be performed from this view B A D Contact E i 1 1 Statu Information Error Alarm Only Edt Options HE THACEH 4202 System Status F Le Time days 07202720 rs RBTHERM Technical Support BHB 521 H 75 Local gt gt AF 1 gt gt gt gt gt T1B TRACER U LL U Status u 4 44 t t L HF J i aa ig F u Lucal Site C file H THALEH TRALEE Fire Plan B RF Status Freq Flan amp Frequency im i Han Mim i Hom Plan LEHSHSHEEH icr EHEHEH I HHEHTHSHRSEHEHSTHHEHEH J Rx Power K Tx Power Rx Qualit Hin y LEHEHSH Hx Quality G Hx Quality Hin Hun Hx Fowcr E FUME n 1 Site Name EF Hin Hax J LEH 1 A Elapsed Time The top of the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page displays the el
38. ear To Send CTS and DSR for a time greater than 20 msec This signals the modem to disconnect the analog connection Hangup On DTR Drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems If PASSWORD PROTECTION is ENABLED this menu also causes the unit to close the current session and return to the TRACER System Status menu page and wait for password input gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt PASSWORD ENABLE Configures password protection for the VT100 terminal interface Password protection for the TRACER 4102 4202 requires password input from the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page when connecting to the unit When configured for password protection the TRACER 4102 4202 closes any terminal session that remains inactive for more than 10 minutes The TRACER 4102 4202 comes factory programmed with PASSWORD ENABLE set to DISABLED gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt PASSWORD Sets the password for password protection of the TRACER 4102 4202 VT100 terminal interface Enter up to 8 alphanumeric characters The system password is case sensitive Win The default password for the TRACER 4102 4202 is tracer 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 49 Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt PERFORMANCE STATS CLEAR Resets all system error counters for the TRACER 4102 4202 gt TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY Figure 7 shows the TRACER 4102 4202 Link Performance History menu page which disp
39. ecommended actions for various conditions of the TRACER 4102 4202 system The status LEDs located on the front panel of the unit provide information to help determine the necessary troubleshooting action Recommended actions for resolving possible status LED indicators are contained in this guide 2 LED INDICATORS PWR LED If the PWR LED is not ON and solid green it is an indicator that the TRACER 4102 4202 is not receiving adequate DC power Recommended Actions 1 Verify that the power source is delivering between 21 and 60 VDC 2 Checkthe polarity of the power connection referenced to ground of both the TRACER 4102 4202 unit and the power source See DC Power Connection Plug In Terminal Block on page 31 for details on power supply connections 3 Checkthe internal fuse The fuse is accessed from the rear panel of the unit If this fuse is open replace with a 1A 250 V 2 inch slow blo fuse TST LED The TST LED will blink once amber during the power up sequence to indicate a self test is in progress If the TST LED is blinking or remains ON after 10 seconds this indicates that the TRACER 4102 4202 unit has failed the self test This is an internal failure and ADTRAN technical support should be contacted RF DOWN LED If the RF DOWN LED is ON solid red it is an indicator that there is a problem with the RF receive path from the remote TRACER 4102 4202 Recommended Actions 1 Verify that one end of the link is con
40. er and corrosion around any of the connectors If water is apparent in the coaxial connectors replace the coaxial cable and the connectors making sure to properly weatherproof the replacements 3 Verify the RF signal path by verifying the antenna alignment Check the integrity of lightning arrestors T1 Interface Alarm LEDs If the ALARM LED is ON solid red it is an indication that the TRACER 4102 4202 is detecting an active T1 alarm To identify the T1 interface in alarm and the specific alarm present display the T1 x STATUS screens and check the T1 X INTERFACE ALARMS field Recommended Actions 1 Display the T1 X STATUS screen and check the T1 X INTERFACE ALARM field to identify the active alarm 2 Follow the steps below for the appropriate alarm LOS Alarm Red Alarm LOS ALARM is an indication that the TRACER 4102 4202 may be unable to detect a viable T1 received signal from the connected T1 equipment This error may be due to a degraded signal or no signal or may be caused by improper framing Recommended Actions 1 Verify that the T1 cable is connected to the T1 interface on the TRACER 4102 4202 2 Verify the connections at the opposite end of the T1 cable 3 Verify that the framing mode D4 or ESF is the same for both the TRACER 4102 4202 and the T1 equipment Yellow Alarm A Yellow Alarm is generated by the attached equipment When the attached equipment s T1 interface is in Red Alarm the TRACER 4102 4202
41. ers and testing functions are configured from this menu T l Connechion Session Edit Options Capture Help Status Configuration Loopback AK BR 23 33 4 AF 2 32 2 2 2 TX oral Renate TK LL tit UF Ec Cx lt B Local TRACER Remate TRACER 114 Interface Alarms TIA Line Build dut CURE TEE dB 133 ft Alarm Repor iing Disabled Disabled Signaling ESF ESF Line Code Ba HAZE Lnap Hornal amp tate Hormel Hormal Press m Main menu arrou keys Move and Down space Select Figure 8 T1x Status Configuration Loopback gt T1X STATUS CONFIGURATION LOOPBACK gt T1X INTERFACE ALARMS Displays any active alarms on the T1 link reported from both the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units These alarms include Red Blue AIS Yellow LOS and bipolar violations BPV Table 2 briefly describes these alarms See Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide for more information on these alarms Table 2 T1 Interface Alarms RED Activates when a local facility failure occurs BLUE AIS Activates when an incoming remote alarm is received from a connected T1 device An AIS signal is an unframed All One signal that replaces the normal traffic signal YEL Activates when an incoming remote alarm is received from the T1 device indicating that a failure has occurred in the received direction LOS Activates when no T1 signal is present from the
42. evel in dBm and RSSI voltage This sheet is useful for verifying link budget calculations and ensuring proper equipment installation Front Panel LEDs With the TRACER 4102 4202 powered on the front panel LEDs provide visual information about the status of the TRACER 4102 4202 system Table 1 provides a brief description of the front panel features and Table 2 provides detailed information about the LEDs Table 1 TRACER 4102 4202 Front Panel Description Feature Description RSSI Interface DC voltage indicating strength of the received signal GND Interface Ground reference for RSSI interface Status LEDs Status information about the system 26 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Table 2 TRACER 4102 4202 LEDs For these LEDs This color light Indicates that Green solid the TRACER 4102 4202 is connected to a power source PWR Off the TRACER 4102 4202 is not currently powered up Green solid the TRACER 4102 4202 is transmitting on Frequency Plan A PLAN A 5i the TRACER 4102 4202 is not transmitting on Frequency Plan A Green solid the TRACER 4102 4202 is transmitting on Frequency Plan B PLAN B the TRACER 4102 4202 is not transmitting on Frequency Plan B there is communication problem between the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 systems there is an Alarm
43. f the symbols This parameter is display only gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt TX POWER Allows the transmitter levels for both the local and remote units to be adjusted The current transmitter level is displayed using a series of symbols The more symbols displayed the stronger the signal If the link is down in either direction and remote end data is unavailable DATA NOT AVAILABLE displays in place of the symbols to drop requiring a technician to manually increase transmit power through the menu system at the remote site Reducing the transmitter power of the remote TRACER 4102 4202 could cause the RF link dmon gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt SITE NAME Provides a user defined alphanumeric description up to 25 characters for the TRACER 4102 4202 system 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 47 Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt RF BANDPLAN Sets the bandplan for the TRACER 4102 4202 Each channel is divided into three bandplans 1 2 or 3 Both local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 must be configured with the same bandplan 1 2 or 3 but different channel plans Plan A or Plan B For example the transmitter at one end of the link will transmit in bandplan 1 of channel A the lower portion of the spectrum and receive in bandplan 1 of channel B the upper portion Consequently the receiver at the other end should receive in bandplan 1 of channel A
44. f you require assistance 5 INSTALLING TROUBLESHOOTING THE TRACER HARDWARE 1 Perform a detailed path profile and link budget for each TRACER 4102 4202 microwave link A thorough path study can be used to estimate signal power budgets fade margins at each receiver identity potential line of site obstacles properly size antenna dishes and determine minimum antenna dish heights above the earth ADTRAN provides a wireless link planning tool on our website This link budget tool is constructed as an easy to use spreadsheet with dropdown menus so that the user can quickly change any of the link parameters antenna size coaxial cable type and length Wine frequency band link distance etc and instantly see how the microwave path availability is affected This tool is available at www adtran com wireless and can be used online or downloaded for standalone use 58 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide 2 10 11 Setup all of the TRACER hardware on a workbench ADTRAN recommends that the actual cables used in the permanent installation be used in the workbench setup A rigorous workbench simulation of the link will help alleviate and avoid time consuming errors Examine the PLAN A and PLAN B LEDs on the front panel of each unit These LEDs indicate the frequency plan for each TRACER 4102 4202 unit The frequency plan Plan A Plan B LED should be the o
45. figured as Plan A and the other end as Plan B and that both ends have the same bandplan number A1 and B1 See THACER System Options gt RF Bandplan on page 48 for further details 2 Verify that both ends of the link are configured for the same number of active T1 ports See gt TRACER System Options Active T1 Ports on page 48 for more details 3 Measure the RSSI voltage and consult the RSSI Calibration sheet included with the unit If the voltage level corresponds to a received signal power level that agrees with the calculated receive signal level go to Step 8 Check the RF coaxial cable connection Verify that the antenna polarization is the same at both ends of the RF signal transmit and receive path Verify the RF signal path is clear Check the integrity of the lightning arrestors 9o m o OL Check for possible interference at both ends of the link If necessary change polarization and or bandplans at both ends 56 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide RF LOW LED If the RF LOW LED is ON solid red it is an indicator that the received signal is approaching 0 V of RSSI This condition is typically indicative of a path or installation problem Recommended Actions 1 Verify the far end transmitter power setting is the value that the link planning budget requires 2 Check all coaxial cable connectors for solid connections Check for wat
46. g received signal power to the other microwave parameters is P4G4G _ T T R pux mL Watts W or in decibel notation PR Pr Gr GR L Lp decibels referenced to a milliwatt dBm where the variables in the equations are defined as PR received power dBm Pr transmitted power adjustable up to 20 dBm maximum Gr transmit antenna gain decibels referenced to an isotropic source dBi Gg receive antenna gain dBi carrier wavelength meters d path distance meters L other losses RF coaxial cable etc dB Lp path loss dB When using decibel notation all quantities must individually converted to decibels prior to performing addition and subtraction Figure 1 on page 17 illustrates a wireless link configuration containing all the parameters necessary for the power budget analysis 16 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics Gr Gg Se aC 4 d Lp I Figure 1 Example Microwave Path with Parameters The following sections further discuss the power budget analysis and its components Antenna Gain Actual transmit and receive antenna gain values depend strictly upon the physical characteristics of the antennas installed for each link In other words the size of the dish determines the antenna gain Using a parabolic dish antenna results in the best performance
47. generates a Yellow Alarm Recommended Actions 1 Follow the troubleshooting steps for Red Alarm but do so at the attached equipment Blue Alarm A remote alarm alarm indication signal or AIS is generated by the attached equipment The root cause must be determined at the attached equipment A typical cause of a blue alarm is a lack of input to a CSU Recommended Actions 1 Verify the input to any attached data equipment 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 57 Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual BPV Bipolar violations BPVs indicate an improper configuration or faulty wiring Recommended Actions 1 Verify the TRACER 4102 4202 unit and the attached equipment are configured for the same line coding B8ZS or AMI 2 Verify the cable connections for the T1 interface are solid 3 RF ERRORS RF errors can range from a nonviable microwave path to loose RF connectors Nonviable path conditions could be caused by physical obstructions such as buildings moutainous terrain trees etc as well as other physical limitations such as excessive path distances and in band RF interference These types of errors are remedied by performing a detailed line of site microwave path study to determine whether a microwave link is feasible for the terrain and environment under consideration If after performing a microwave path study the system is still not operational ensure that the antennas are properly
48. gned for operation in the license free 2 400 to 2 4835 GHz and 5 725 GHz to 5 850 GHz industrial scientific and medical ISM bands respectively Radio wave propagation in these bands exhibit microwave characteristics which are ideally suited for point to point line of sight communications Line of Sight requires that the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are able to see each other and that the straight line path between the two antennas is free of obstructions such as buildings trees mountains and in longer paths even the curvature of the earth In addition for maximum signal strength the area around the visual line of sight where microwave signals reflect Fresnel zone must also be free of obstructions Fresnel zones are discussed in more detail on page 22 Terminology Wireless communication from a single site to another individual Point to Point Contrast with point to multipoint An unobstructed direct path exists between the transmitting and Lne oF Sight the receiving antennas 2 DECIBELS Understanding the decibel dB format is key when discussing microwave path engineering because the received signal power is often expressed in decibel format In general any quantity can be expressed in decibels If the quantity x is a power level in Watts the decibel equivalent is defined as xag 10 log 00 dB If the quantity x is referenced to a milliwatt mW then the decibel milliwatt dBm is used i
49. h constructive and destructive manners with the main signal thereby either enhancing or reducing the net power at the receiver In general the odd numbered Fresnel zones 1 3 5 add constructively at the receiver while the even numbered Fresnel zones 2 4 6 add destructively at the receiver The first Fresnel zone corresponds to the main lobe 60 of which must be free of physical obstructions for the path calculations to be valid Since the main lobe contains the vast majority of the microwave energy this zone is typically used to determine proper antenna heights when placing antennas on towers or buildings The curvature of the Earth becomes a legitimate obstruction for path lengths of 7 miles or greater and must also be accounted for when determining minimum antenna heights The aggregate expression for minimum antenna height that incorporates both the 60 first Fresnel zone and the Earth s curvature is given by 72 1 4 01254 feet 4f where fis in GHz and d is in miles Table 5 tabulates minimum antenna heights for given path lengths Table 5 Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths Min Antenna Height Min Antenna Height Q2AGHz Q58GHz 1 ft ft 2 33 22 4 48 32 6 61 41 8 73 50 10 85 60 14 111 81 16 124 92 18 138 104 20 153 117 22 169 131 24 185 145 26 202 161 22 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Pa
50. in bandplan 1 of channel B the upper portion Consequently the receiver at the other end should receive in bandplan 1 of channel A the lower portion and transmit in bandplan 1 of channel B the upper portion The letter of the channel plan A or B must be different on both ends and the number of the bandplan 1 2 or 3 must be the same on both ends The default bandplan configuration for the TRACER 4102 4202 is bandplan 1 The channel plan A or B of the unit may be changed in the field if necessary by rewiring the internal diplexer Contact ADTRAN Technical Support for more information on this procedure 5 GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS The following provides grounding instruction information from the Underwriters Laboratory UL 60950 Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment of December 2000 An equipment grounding conductor that is not smaller in size than the ungrounded branch circuit supply conductors is to be installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product or system Bare covered or insulated grounding conductors are acceptable Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes The equipment grounding conductor is to be connected to ground at the service equipment The attachment plug receptacles in the vicinity of the product or system are all to be of a
51. lays detailed error statistics and minimum received signal level for the RF link from both the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units in 15 minute and 24 hour increments e Telnet Connection Sn Et Option Help Days Link Ferlormante Hasteru 2h Hour Heginters 15 Minute Registers LHE HIH LHE ALA LHE LAE MIH MLA FAR ERR ERI ERR R amp I ERE ERA REL wie deg Uis DEDOS c bo HOT D 1 3 008 liU Fz SS m om pas LE d Shee ee Si SS ERE ei 212 i i Local Benoite 74r 24 gi 25 Hours aj 01 2fr 17 28 Jj aff AU J IB tO Remote 7 Local m Hain Hemu p Previous Page n Hexi Page Figure 7 TRACER Link Performance History The minimum received signal level MIN RSL represents the minimum value of received signal level in a 24 hour or 15 minute increment and is displayed as a numerical value from 0 to 255 with 0 corresponding to 0 Volts of RSSI and 255 corresponding to 5 Volts RSSI The minimum receive signal level is recorded to aid in troubleshooting problem RF links Radio links with high MIN RSL numbers and intermittent performance are probably experiencing
52. nment With line of sight microwave communications optimum system performance requires that the transmitting and receiving antennas are properly aligned This ensures maximum received signal power at each receiver Antenna alignment must be achieved in both azimuth along a horizontal plane and elevation along a vertical plane A received signal strength indicator RSSI aids the equipment installer in determining when alignment is maximized by simply ensuring maximum RSSI TRACER RSSI Test Points The RSSI indicator for the TRACER 4102 4202 system is provided through the VT100 terminal menus accessed through the RS 232 interface and it is presented as a series of bars indicating signal strength More bars means more RSSI which ensures more received signal strength and better link performance If both the local and remote end of the system are operational the remote TRACER 4102 4202 can be viewed from the local TRACER 4102 4202 VT100 terminal menu interface An RSSI test point provides a DC voltage level relative to the GND test point that corresponds to the amount of signal being received from the transmitter at the remote end of the link The voltage at this test point can vary from approximatly 0 to 5 Volts DC An RSSI Calibration sheet is shipped with the system to provide the installer a cross reference between actual received signal level in dBm and RSSI voltage This sheet is useful for verifying link budget calculations and ensuring
53. nstead of a generic decibel Linc dB 10 los 10052 dBm Using the decibel format simplifies power calculations by reducing multiplication and division operations into addition and subtraction operations 3 CALCULATING THE FADE MARGIN It is imperative to determine if the proposed microwave path is suitable at a minimum for ideal nondistorted signals before attempting installation The fade margin F is a value in decibels dB that represents the amount of signal reduction that can be tolerated before the link exceeds the specified bit error rate BER Fade margin is simply the difference between the available signal power at the receiver Pp and the receiver sensitivity P sens F Pp P Pr Grt Gg L Lp Pon dB Sens Higher levels of fade margin indicate stronger protection against signal fading and a more reliable link For 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 15 Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual most applications 20 to 30 dB of fade margin should ensure a reliable link The following sections further discuss the necessary power calculations and their components 4 RECEIVER POWER The viability of a particular microwave path is determined by the power of the transmitted microwave signal the transmit and receive antenna gain distance and accumulated system losses such as RF coaxial cable losses and path loss The equation relatin
54. ntenna feedline cable connection H Ground Lug N A Earth ground connection 1 Detailed discussions including pinouts of rear panel components where applicable follow the table RS 232 Connection DB 25 Terminal Use The RS 232 connector provides a female DB 25 terminal connection wired as a DCE interface which is used for terminal access to the TRACER 4102 4202 system The RS 232 port provides the following functions e Accepts EIA 232 input from a PC or terminal for controlling the TRACER 4102 4202 system e Operates at 9600 bps Table 2 shows the pinout Wiring diagrams for connecting to the RS 232 connector for various applications are provided following the pinout Table 2 RS 232 Connection Pinout PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 7 GND Ground 2 TX Transmit 3 RX Receive 4 RTS Request To Send 5 CTS Clear To Send 6 DSR Data Set Ready Modem Control Only 8 CD Carrier Detect 9 19 Unused 20 DTR Data Terminal Ready Modem Control Only 21 Unused 22 RI Ring Indicator 23 25 Unused 28 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Table 3 TRACER 4102 4202 DCE to Terminal DTE Diagram DB 25 PIN NAME PIN NAME 2 TX 3 TX 3 RX 2 RX 4 RTS 4 4 RTS 5 CTS cM 5 CTS 6 DSR gt 6 DSR 7 GND 7 GND Table 4
55. ntrol the modem must source CD only when actually connected to a carrier When MODEM CONNECTION is selected in the menu system the TRACER 4102 4202 will de assert DTR and DSR for a time greater than 20 msec The null modem consequently drops DTR and RTS at the modem interface signaling the modem to hang up the line If password functionality is enabled in the 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 29 Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual TRACER 4102 4202 selecting MODEM CONNECTION resets the TRACER 4102 4202 to the password entry screen Win Hangup on DTR drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems Table 5 contains the wiring diagram needed for connecting the TRACER 4102 4202 RS 232 interface to a modem using the null modem adapter The null modem interface must route Carrier Detect CD on pin 8 directly from the Win modem When using the RS 232 interface for modem control the modem must source CD only when actually connected to a carrier Table 5 TRACER 4102 4202 DCE to Modem DCE DB 25 PIN NAME PIN NAME 2 TX 3 RX 3 RX cm or 2 TX 4 RTS cM 5 CTS 5 CTS 4 RTS 6 DSR 20 DTR 7 GND 7 GND 8 CD cm 8 CD T1 Connections RJ 48C The physical T1 interfaces are provided by two RJ 48C jacks that comply with the applicable ANSI and AT amp T standards Table 6 T1 Interface Connector Pinout
56. ofing kits for antenna installation 4 CHANNEL SELECTION The FCC has allocated 83 5 MHz of spectrum in the 2 4 GHz band where the TRACER 4102 operates and 125 MHz of spectrum in the 5 8 GHz band where the TRACER 4202 operates Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate the bandwidth division 2400 MHz 2416 2422 2428 2441 75 2456 2462 2468 2483 5 MHz lt Bandplan 1 Bandplan 3 lt Bandplan 1 Bandplan 3 2 I Bandplan 2 Figure 1 2 4 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4102 Channel A Channel l 1 1 1 1 1 VI 1 1 2 3 VI Bandplan 1 Bandplan 2 Bandplan 3 5725 MHz 5734 5744 5753 5787 5814 5824 5833 5850 MHz Figure 2 5 8 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4202 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 37 Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual To designate the utilization of the ISM bandwidth there are two different channel plans labeled A and B The letter of each channel plan setting is preset by the factory and refers to the physical configuration of the diplexer filter inside the chassis Each channel is then divided into three bandplans 1 2 or 3 The bandplans must be the same for the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 For example the transmitter at one end of the link will transmit in bandplan 1 of channel A the lower portion of the spectrum and receive
57. on the coaxial cable be weatherproofed to prevent corrosion and electrical shorting In areas where lightning strikes are frequent a lightning arrestor should be installed JING directly on the antenna coaxial cable Installing lightning arrestors helps protect the W ARN RF electronics in the downstream path from damaging voltages and currents including the TRACER 4102 4202 unit 18 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics Table 2 gives typical loss figures for some of the more common coaxial cable types per 100 feet Table 2 Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types 2 4 GHz Loss 100 ft 5 8 GHz Loss 100 ft Cable Type in dB in dB RG58 80 N A RG8 air 20 N A RG8 foam 9 N A 1 4 Coax 5 91 11 36 3 8 Coax 5 76 9 65 1 2 Coax 3 83 6 49 5 8 Coax 2 98 4 90 7 8 Coax 2 2 N A 1 1 4 Coax 1 62 N A 1 5 8 Coax 1 41 N A 5 8 GHz Elliptical Waveguide N A 1 23 Path Loss Lp Path loss is the estimated attenuation between the transmit and receive antennas caused by signal separation and scattering The path loss is considered basic transmission loss over the microwave link The following expression calculates path loss 4nd 2 4 ndf 2 Lp 9 D dB E where f carrier frequency Hz carrier wavelength c f meters d path distance meters c speed of ligh
58. ool or equivalent TRACER 4102 4202 RTE The supplemental equipment grounding terminal is located on the rear panel of the 38 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure This unit shall be installed in accordance with Article 400 and 364 8 of the NEC NFPA 70 when installed outside of a Restricted Access Location i e central office behind a locked door service personnel only area e Power to the TRACER 4102 4202 DC system must be from a reliably grounded 21 60 VDC UL Listed or CSA Certified ITE power source with outputs meeting LPS UT requirements The branch circuit overcurrent protection shall be a fuse or circuit breaker rated minimum 60 VDC maximum 10A e A readily accessible disconnect device that is suitably approved and rated shall be incorporated in the field wiring 6 SUPPLYING POWER TO THE UNIT The TRACER 4102 4202 can operate from a supply between 21 and 60 VDC with either polarity referenced to ground Power supplies should be able to provide up to 30 watts at the selected voltage A dual pin terminal plug accepts power at the rear panel of the unit providing a and polarity reference point Adapters for this plug are available P N 1175043L2 and are furnished with the unit and optional power supply P N 1280650L1 7 MOUNTING OPTIONS Install the TRACER 4102 4202 in a location that requires minimal antenna feedline length
59. orts the status of the remote TRACER 4102 4202 the system across the wireless link from the active terminal If the RF link is down in either direction DATA NoT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the remote system status information F Local TRACER Status The left portion of the TRACER 4102 4202 System Status menu page reports the status of the local TRACER 4102 4202 the system where the active terminal is attached G Site Name The SITE NAME field provides a user defined alphanumeric description up to 25 characters for the TRACER 4102 4202 system This field is defined from the TRACER 4102 4202 System Options menu page H Frequency Plan Displays the frequency plan A or B for the TRACER 4102 4202 unit For an operational TRACER 4102 4202 system you should have a frequency plan A radio at one end of the link and a frequency plan B radio at the other end of the link I Rx Quality Displays an indicator of receive signal quality that is not necessarily related to receive signal level for both the local and remote units using a series of symbols The more symbols displayed the better the signal quality This indicator is related to signal to noise ratio and features a colon marker to indicate 10 6 bit error rate This indicator is useful as a diagnostic tool to help identify interference as the system may have high receive signal level and poor signal quality in situations where interference is an issue J Rx Power Displ
60. pposite on the TRACER 4102 4202 units Verify that both ends of the link are configured for the same RF Bandplan 1 2 or 3 See gt TRACER System Options gt RF Bandplan on page 48 for more details Verify that both ends of the link are configured for the same number of active T1 ports See gt TRACER System Options gt Active TI Ports on page 48 for more details Attach the RF coaxial cables to be used in the permanent installation to the N type connectors on the back of the TRACER 4102 4202 unit Attach the other end of the coaxial cable s to an RF power meter or spectrum analyzer if either is available The power measured by the meter analyzer will be the RF power available at the input of the antenna The TRACER 4102 4202 unit is programmed at the factory to output approximately 100 mW 20 dBm of RF power The actual power level measured by the meter analyzer will be less than 100 mW due to RF losses through the coaxial cable and is a function of the cable type and length being used In any event the power level at the output of the coaxial cable should be a significant fraction of 100 mW A power meter analyzer reading that is not on the order of at least tens of milliwatts could be an indication of any combination of either unsuitable RF or faulty or unreasonably long coaxial cable Resolve all RF coaxial cabling errors before proceeding Attach the RF coaxial cables to a high quality attenuator if possible If you do not have an a
61. proper equipment installation Antenna Beam Patterns Directly related to the subject of antenna alignment is the topic of antenna beam patterns Antennas used with the TRACER 4102 4202 system have a particular beam shape determined in part by the physical construction and geometry of the antenna The antenna beam patterns are characterized by a dominant main lobe which is the preferred lobe to use for point to point communications and several side lobes as shown in Figure 1 When setting up a microwave link antenna alignment is nothing more than steering the main lobes of both antennas until the main lobe of one transmitter is centered on the receiving element of the receiving antenna Transmit main lobe Receive Antenna K b Antenna cx Figure 2 Typical Antenna Beam Pattern side lobe 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 21 Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Antennas are also designed to radiate RF energy efficiently for a specific range of frequencies Please consult the data sheet for your particular antenna make and model to ensure that it is specified to operate in the 2400 MHz to 2483 5 MHz frequency band for TRACER 4102 models and the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz frequency band for the TRACER 4202 system Fresnel Zones Earth Curvature amp Antenna Heights Fresnel zones correspond to regions in the microwave path where reflections of the intended signal occur and combine in bot
62. r sensitivity including the data bandwidth of the wireless link and the amount of additional signal degradation introduced in the receiver electronics Receiver sensitivity of the TRACER 4102 4202 is dynamic as a function of desired bandwidth receiver sensitivity improves as delivered bandwidth decreases In situations where 2xT1 connectivity is not required the delivered bandwidth can be decreased to 1xT1 and the receiver sensitivity will be improved as follows Table 4 Receiver Sensitivity for the TRACER 4102 4202 Delivered Receiver Sensitivity Active Bandwidth TRACER 4102 TRACER 4202 T1 Ports 2xT1 96 dBm 93 dBm A B 1xT1 98 dBm 95 dBm A Should an interferer be present nearby three software selectable bandplans are provided for frequency agility Changing the TRACER 4102 4202 bandplan does not require Won additional components or opening of the radio See TRACER System Option RF Bandplan on page 47 for additional details 20 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics 6 ANTENNA INFORMATION The overall wireless system is directly affected by the antenna selection and installation The following sections discuss several factors concerning antenna selection and installation Code NEC Article 810 Verify the antenna installation meets all regulations specified in the National Electric UT Antenna Alig
63. ry 50 gt T1x Status Configuration Loopback 51 gt T1x Performance History 54 FIGURES Figure 1 Main Menu Screen 42 Figure 2 TRACER 4102 4202 System Status 44 Figure 3 TRACER 4102 4202 Main Menu 46 Figure 4 TRACER 4102 4202 System Options 47 Figure 5 2 4 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4102 48 Figure 6 5 8 GHz Bandwidth Division TRACER 4202 48 Figure 7 TRACER Link Performance History 50 Figure 8 11x Status Configuration Loopback 51 Figure 9 T1 Local Link Loopback 52 Figure 10 T1 Remote Link Loopback 53 Figure 11 T1 Local Line Loopback 53 Figure 12 T1 Remote Line Loopback 53 Figure 13 T1x Link Performance History 54 TABLES Table 1 Receiver Sensitivity for the TRACER 4102 4202 49 Table 2 T1 Interface Alarms
64. software e RS 232 DB 25 male for TRACER 4102 4202 cable for connecting to terminal storm To prevent electrical shock do not install equipment in a wet location or during a lightning dito 3 UNPACK AND INSPECT THE SYSTEM This system MUST be installed by qualifed service personnel in a Restricted Access UT Location Each TRACER 4102 4202 is shipped in its own cardboard shipping carton Open each carton carefully and avoid deep penetration into the carton with sharp objects After unpacking the unit inspect it for possible shipping damage If the equipment has been damaged in transit immediately file a claim with the carrier then contact ADTRAN Customer Service see Customer Service Product Support Information and Training information in the front of this manual Contents of ADTRAN Shipment Your ADTRAN shipment includes the following items e TRACER 4102 4202 Unit e TRACER 4102 4202 Documentation CD Two T1 Straight Through RJ 48 to RJ 48 Cables 36 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure Customer Provides The following items are necessary for the installation of the TRACER 4102 4202 system and are not provided by ADTRAN e 21 to 60 VDC power source AC adapter available from ADTRAN P N 1280650L 1 either polarity referenced to ground e Antenna and mounting hardware e Antenna feedline cable Lightning arrestors e Weatherpro
65. sses L on page 18 for a discussion on cable length and loss factors 5 AT A GLANCE SPECIFICATIONS The following is a list of specifications for the TRACER 4102 4202 system Table 9 At A Glance Specifications Hardware Description Specification Transmitter Output Power 20 dBm max Frequency Range 2400 to 2483 5 MHz TRACER 4102 5725 to 5850 MHz TRACER 4202 Receiver Receive Level Minimum TRACER 4102 96 dBm 2xT1 98 dBm 1xT1 TRACER 4202 93 dBm 2xT1 95 dBm 1xT1 Receive Level Maximum 30 dBm Receive Level Nominal 55 dBm Frequency Plan Channel Plan Tx 2 416 GHz Rx 2 456 GHz TRACER 4102 Tx 5 734 GHz Rx 5 814 GHz TRACER 4202 Plan A Tx 2 422 GHz Rx 2 462 GHz TRACER 4102 Tx 5 744 GHz Rx 5 824 GHz TRACER 4202 Tx 2 428 GHz Rx 2 468 GHz TRACER 4102 Tx 5 753 GHz Rx 5 833 GHz TRACER 4202 Channel Plan Tx 2 456 GHz Rx 2 416 GHz TRACER 4102 Tx 5 814 GHz Rx 5 734 GHz TRACER 4202 Plan B Tx 2 462 GHz Rx 2 422 GHz TRACER 4102 Tx 5 824 GHz Rx 5 744 GHz TRACER 4202 Tx 2 468 GHz Rx 2 428 GHz TRACER 4102 Tx 5 833 GHz Rx 5 753 GHz TRACER 4202 32 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines Table 9 At A Glance Specifications Continued
66. t free space meters or Lp 96 6 20 log jo d 20 log f dB where d is expressed in miles and fin GHz Path loss as shown here increases rapidly as either the path length increases or the carrier wavelength decreases which happens as the carrier frequency increases Therefore longer microwave paths naturally experience more path loss than shorter paths Likewise higher frequency microwave communication experiences more path loss than lower frequency microwave communication 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 19 Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Table 3 lists path loss values for various path lengths for both 2 4 GHz and 5 8 GHZ systems Values not listed in the table can be interpolated from those listed Table 3 Path Loss for Given Path Lengths Path Length Path Loss dB Path Loss dB miles at 2 4GHz at 5 8 GHz 1 104 112 2 110 118 3 114 121 4 116 124 5 118 126 10 124 132 15 128 135 20 130 138 25 132 140 30 134 141 35 135 143 5 RECEIVER SENSITIVITY Receiver sensitivity is a value expressed in decibels referenced to one milliwatt dBm that corresponds to the minimum amount of signal power needed at the receiver to achieve a given bit error rate BER Receiver sensitivity is usually a negative number of decibels and smaller receiver sensitivity higher quantity negative number is better for a given BER Several factors affect receive
67. ted then the TRACER 4102 4202 is receiving a relatively weak signal however if the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated then the received signal is being suitably processed by the TRACER 4102 4202 system If you are receiving a weak signal RF LOW is ON please verify that the weak signal is not being caused by a faulty cable an insufficiently tightened cable or some other installation related problem Also make sure an unreasonably large attenuation value has not been selected if you are using an attenuator on a workbench setup 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 59 Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 12 13 Use the tables in Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics of this manual to select the proper free space attenuation value in dB based on the estimated length of the microwave path Remember to subtract both antenna gains local and remote from the attenuator setting Initiate a line loopback on the local TRACER 4102 4202 unit and run a test pattern from the connected T1 equipment This will verify the connection between the T1 equipment and the local TRACER 4102 4202 unit Command a link loopback on the remote TRACER 4102 4202 unit and run a test pattern from the connected T1 equipment This will verify the data path across the RF link External pattern generators are required to test data path integrity tester is suggested Installing Configuring T1 Hardware
68. terference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio frequencies Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Lu Shielded cables must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with Class A FCC limits Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible 6 W ARNING for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Radio Frequency Interface Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator pursuant to Part 15 Subpart C of the FCC Rules This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions it may cause interference to radio communications The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation However there is no guarantee
69. th Engineering Basics Table 5 Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths Continued Min Antenna Height Min Antenna Height Saleen Q58GHz ft ft 28 220 177 30 239 195 32 259 213 34 279 232 36 300 252 7 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Path Availability The path availability of a wireless link is a metric that expresses the fractional amount of time a link is available over some fixed amount of time and depends on several factors Path availability is expressed as A 1 2 5 Lio aber io x 100 where the parameters are a terrain factor b climate factor f carrier frequency GHz d path length miles F fade margin dB Terrain Factor a The terrain factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of terrain Generally speaking the more smooth an area s terrain is the less availability a wireless link running over that terrain will have primarily due to multipath reflections In contrast secondary microwave signals will be randomly dispersed over rough terrain and will not interfere with the main signal lobe as badly as in the smooth terrain case The terrain factor values normally used are listed below Terrain Terrain Factor Description Smooth 4 water flat desert Average 1 moderate roughness Mountainous 1 4 very rough mountainous Climate Factor b The climate factor is a quantity that compensates the link avail
70. the loss in this cable directly affects overall system performance The TRACER 4102 4202 is designed to be mounted in arack If multiple units are installed in one location one half inch of spacing is recommended above and below the unit The TRACER 4102 4202 systems are 1U high rack mountable units which can be installed into 19 or 23 inch equipment racks using the supplied rackmount brackets 3265498 B Follow these steps to mount the TRACER 4102 4202 into a rack Instructions for Rackmounting the TRACER 4102 4202 Position the TRACER 4102 4202 in a stationary equipment rack This unit takes up 1 1U of space To allow proper grounding scrape the paint from the rack around the mounting holes where the TRACER 4102 4202 will be positioned Have someone else hold the unit in position as you install two mounting bolts 2 through the unit s brackets and into the equipment rack using a 2 Phillips screwdriver Be careful not to upset the stability of the equipment mounting rack when installing this UT product 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 39 Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual O Q o Oo O gt Figure 3 19 inch Rackmount Illustration G q ll
71. tion and alignment of the antenna do not stand in front of the antenna assembly e During installation and alignment of the antenna do not handle or touch the front of the antenna These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels 6 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Warranty and Customer Service Warranty and Customer Service ADTRAN will repair and return this product within the warranty period if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service Warranty information can be found at www adtran com warranty Customer Service Product Support Information and Training ADTRAN will repair and return this product within the warranty period if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service Warranty information can be found at www adtran com warranty A return material authorization RMA is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN For service RMA requests training or more information use the contact information given below Repair and Return If you determine that a repair is needed please contact our Customer and Product Service CaPS department to have an RMA number issued CaPS should also be contacted to obtain information regarding equipment currently in house or possible fees associated with repair CaPS Department 256 963 872
72. ttenuator attach the coaxial cables to the antennas to be used in the permanent installation If the installation antennas are not available small inexpensive dipole or patch antennas can be used for verification purposes If an adjustable attenuator is being used dial in the amount of attenuation that corresponds to the path loss value expected for the microwave link in which the TRACER hardware will be installed The path loss value can be calculated from a knowledge of the path length or provided by a path study Remember to subtract both antenna gain values from the attenuator level if these values have not already be accounted for After setting up the RF pieces examine the RF DOWN LED on the front panel of each TRACER 4102 4202 unit If the RF DOWN LED is illuminated red the corresponding TRACER 4102 4202 is not receiving a suitable RF signal from the other TRACER 4102 4202 unit In this case the receiving TRACER 4102 4202 is either receiving a very weak signal or no signal at all If the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated then the TRACER 4102 4202 units are receiving a suitable RF signal Suitable RF power levels for low error rate communication will range from 30 dBm to 100 dBm TRACER 4102 or 30 dBm to 96 dBm TRACER 4202 measured at the N type connector input on the TRACER 4102 4202 unit Resolve any signal level issues before proceeding Examine the RF LOW LED on the front panel of each TRACER 4102 4202 If this LED is illumina
73. y menu in the TRACER 4102 4202 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER 4102 4202 Main Menu page 46 2004 ADTRAN Inc 612804202L1 1A TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide gt TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS Figure 4 shows the TRACER 4102 4202 System Options menu page System option parameters for both the local and remote TRACER 4102 4202 units are available through this menu page TRACER 4202 Sustem Options x Tine 00060 days 01 LEE CS Bl Local TRACER Renate TRACER Hin Hon iin Hon Hx Power L 1 L Win Hin Tx Power 1 ik 1 Site Hane ADTRAH TRACER ADTRAH THACER AF Bandplan Band 2 Band 2 fictive 1 Ports xT1 Modem Control Disabled Disabled Modem Conner tion Dn Password Enable Disabled Disabled Password ae Performance Stats Clear Clear Press n Main menu arrow keys Move Up and Dawn spacel Select Figure 4 TRACER 4102 4202 System Options Ld Press O from any menu in the TRACER 4102 4202 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Options menu page TRACER SYSTEM OPTIONS gt RX POWER Displays the approximate receiver levels for both the local and remote units using a series of symbols The more symbols displayed the stronger the signal If the link is down in either direction and remote end data is unavailable DATA NOT AVAILABLE displays in place o
74. ys You can use various keystrokes to move through the terminal menu to manage a terminal menu session and to configure the system Moving Through the Menus To do this Press this key Move up to select items posue Move down to select items Tu Edit a selected menu item Enter Scroll through configuration parameters for a menu item Spacebar Left Right Arrows P or N Prev Next Cancel an edit Escape Return to Main Menu page M Access the TRACER 4102 4202 Status page S Access the System Options Menu Display the TRACER 4102 4202 Link Performance History L Access the T1 A or B Status Configuration Loopback Menu A B Display the T1 A or B Performance History 1 2 Session Management Keystrokes To do this Press this key Refresh the screen lt Ctrl L gt 2 TERMINAL MENU AND SYSTEM CONTROL Password Protection The TRACER 4102 4202 provides optional password protection of the terminal interface If enabled a password prompt is presented at power up reboot modem logout or after ten minutes of inactivity on the terminal The password is enabled and defined via the system options menu All TRACER 4102 4202 systems are shipped factory default with password protection disabled 612804202L1 1A 2004 ADTRAN Inc 43 Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 4102 4202 System Manual 3 MENU DESCRIPTIONS The remainder of this section describes th

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