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Legatia Pro Manual

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1. If there is anything we can do to help you get the most out of your Legatia SE installation please do not hesitate to contact us at info hybrid audio com or by visiting us at www hybrid audio com Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 41 of 43 References Blauert Jens Spatial Hearing The Psychophysics of Human Sound Localization MIT Press 1997 Hartmann William M Auditory Localization in Rooms Proc AES 12th International Conf Copenhagen 1993 The perception of reproduced sound pp 34 39 Klippel Wolfgang Loudspeaker Nonlinearities Causes Parameters Symptoms 119th AES Convention New York October 2005 Preprint 6584 Linkwitz Siegfried A Loudspeaker Design for Reduced Reverberant Sound Power Output AES Convention New York 1987 JAES Vol 35 No 12 December 1987 Linkwitz Siegfried A Three Enclosure Loudspeaker System with Active Delay and Crossover Parts 1 2 3 Speaker Builder 2 80 3 80 4 80 Linkwitz Siegfried Loudspeaker System Design Wireless World May June December 1978 Linkwitz Siegfried Narrow Band Impulse Testing of Acoustical System 60 AES Convention Los Angeles 1978 Preprint 1342 Moore Brian C J Controversies and Mysteries in Spatial Hearing Proc AES 16th International Conf Rovaniemi 1999 Spatial sound reproduction pp 249 258 Moulton David The Creation of Musical Sounds for Playback Through Loudspeakers Proc AES 8th International Co
2. WF Woofer positive input from amplifier Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 26 of 43 IN Woofer negative input from amplifier WF Woofer positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies midbass or midrange positive terminal OUT Woofer negative output to Hybrid Audio Technologies midbass or midrange negative terminal M TW Midrange and tweeter positive input from amplifier IN Midrange and tweeter negative input from amplifier M H Midrange positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies midrange positive terminal O dB setting M L Midrange positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies midrange positive terminal 3 dB setting T H Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal 3 dB setting T M Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal O dB setting T L Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal 3 dB setting TW Tweeter negative output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter negative terminal NOTE the L3x is a bi wired crossover meaning the crossover has two sets of inputs for use with two two channel amplifiers or a four channel amplifier If you wish to not use two two channel amplifiers or a four channel amplifier and use only one two channel amplifier instead simply bridge the connections between WF and M T and IN and IN with two short strands of insulated wire Once all speakers are instal
3. believable sound The first principle to understand is that below 200 Hz acoustic treatments are rendered virtually useless It is Hybrid Audio s assertion that only those frequencies above 200 Hz benefit from the use of treatments given that a 200 Hz waveform is about 1 7 m long 1 7 meters is less than or equal to most vehicle widths This is also the frequency where we believe pure tones in the vehicle are going to be difficult if not impossible to localize Finally most vehicles exhibit a Schroeder Frequency Fs between 50 at 125 Hz the Fs or cabin gain frequency is vehicle dependent and is the frequency at which resonances become so tightly packed in frequency and space that the acoustical properties of the vehicle behave quite uniformly As an aside one significant benefit of car audio sound systems is that frequencies below the lowest room resonance increase at a theoretical 12 dB octave it s no wonder car audio systems have such great bass Acoustic treatment can be very effective above 200 Hz depending mostly on the polar radiation pattern of the speaker In the case of the Legatia Pro midrange the polar radiation pattern is quite large at lower frequencies with a narrowing of the radiation pattern beaming at frequencies into the treble bandwidth Should the Legatia Pro midrange be placed in the kick panel locations one may find that a notable improvement can be made by adding acoustical treatments such as o
4. 25 5 mm 1 inch Qms 2 842 Qes 2 113 Qts 1 212 Krm 175 5 nQ Erm 1 325 Kxm 14 545 uH Exm 1 004 Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 11 of 43 Frequency Response Graph o L LL 0 gt l QO o Page 12 of 43 Hybrid Audio Technologies Legatia Pro User s Manual Legatia L3 Pro Wide Bandwidth Midrange History The Legatia L3 Pro s topology is a departure from the typical cone type midrange drivers in the same size category as produced by Hybrid Audio Technologies The L3 Pro was intended to be used in approximately the same fashion as the Legatia L8V2 and Legatia L8SE both cone midrange devices to give the end user more choices for a high end midrange solution to fit a variety of potential system designs and mounting strategy Naturally the efficacy of the L3 Pro as compared to its sibling cone midrange drivers is its sensitivity and ability to be used without a sealed baffle since the L3 Pro is a tuned rear chamber midrange By early Spring 2012 a beta prototype pair of Legatia L3 Pro s had been refined after hundreds of hours of testing and development these highly evolved drivers were sent to Hajji Grape of Hybrid Audio Technologies Team Hybrids program Hajji is a renowned car audiophile and former IASCA champion The L3 Pro were tested in various c
5. 0900090 y ODO 0 te 260909990 395989 020209090 o9 09 O65 99 95090299 D 5 SSO ids IN AAA AAW SSW KYW AA N MA N A A A Y Y NN NNN AAA W ANY AWW ANW AANV N V OLO NW WA N AA W V Page 10 of 43 OHybrid Audio Technologies Legatia Pro User s Manual Thiele Small Parameters 058 mm Mounting Depth 30 mm Mounting Methodology Surface mount tweeter with standard pitch M47 5 X 8mm thick knurled thread aluminum adapter to secure the tweeter body from the rear Construction Solid machined aluminum with X integrated polypropylene rear cap and push terminals Distortion lt 5 max at rated power input no crossover Magnet Diameter and Construction 24 5 x 3 H NdFeB Recommended Minimum Crossover Frequency 2 000 Hz at 24 dB octave highpass Prom Rated Power Input No Crossover 20 watts AES Standard Pmax Rated Power Input No Crossover 40 watts AES Standard Pmax With Recommended Minimum Crossover 100 watts Resonance Frequency Fs 700 Hz Frequency Range 700 Hz 32 000 Hz 3 dB Sensitivity 93 5 dB at 2 83V 1meter Impedance 40 DC Resistance 3 60 Voice Coil Diameter
6. Warranty Hybrid Audio Technologies extends a limited one year warranty to the original purchaser certifying that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal and proper use for one year from the date of purchase Hybrid Audio Technologies responsibility under this warranty is limited to replacing or repairing at Hybrid Audio Technologies option products or parts determined by Hybrid Audio Technologies to be defective either in materials or workmanship To attain warranty service the customer must deliver the product or the defective part s appropriately packed with proof of purchase date to an authorized Hybrid Audio Technologies dealer In the event that a direct return from a consumer is required the consumer must obtain from Hybrid Audio Technologies a return authorization number and ship the defective product directly to Hybrid Audio Technologies All shipping expenses are the customer s responsibility If the product has been updated or superseded a replacement will be made with a current model of the same quality and function Warranty of the replacement parts is limited to 90 days or the unexpired portion of the warranty period of the product on which the parts are being used whichever is longer This warranty does not cover any defects or costs caused by 1 modification alteration repair or service of this product by any persons or company other than Hybrid Audio Technologies 2 physic
7. but the design is not limited to those uses and can be expanded to any number of possible bespoke two way configurations or used as the two way dividing network for midrange and treble drivers in a quasi active three way system where the midbass is actively cross over at the amplifier The L2x passive crossover networks incorporate super high quality and low tolerance metalized polypropylene film capacitors air core inductors and low tolerance non inductive resistors No output level switches were used in the passive crossover design because switches add a resistive effect and are typically of extremely low quality Additionally jumper pins add an unnecessary pair of splices in the signal path to the tweeter and were not included in our design either Rather all tweeter level adjustments are done on the board level with dedicated non inductive resistors tweeter attenuation is accomplished by selecting the appropriate output 3 dB 0 dB or 3 dB on the passive crossover circuit board The components selected are complimentary and ensure no appreciable signal degradation between the input and output side of the crossovers Likewise the capacitors and inductors are arranged on the board to reduce the coupling between circuits and electromagnetic interference by basic physical separation while still Keeping the footprint size of the circuit board small Finally the use of 12 dB octave filters on both low pass and high pass minimizes ph
8. L2x is listed in the Stage V Legatia series it has multiple complimentary uses for Stage VI Legatia SE and Pro products as well given the complimentary crossover topology and use of low tolerance asymmetrically aligned componentry and lack of board mounted equalization History The Legatia L2x topology is an enhanced Stage V version of the Stage IV Clarus C2x passive crossover network which was first released with the Clarus C61 2 set in January 2008 It s no secret that Hybrid Audio Technologies highly recommends the use of active crossovers that are set up and adjusted by an industry specialist such as a master tuner or a highly qualified car audio shop installer please read any number of White Papers on the subject of passive crossovers on the Hybrid Audio web page In some cases however using active crossovers is not a viable option so we designed and manufactured the Legatia L2x to allow for easy Legatia installations especially when multiple amplifier channels and or adequate active crossover processing was not available in the car audio installation The L2x can be used for two way passively crossed over systems or used as the two way dividing network for midrange and treble drivers in a quasi active three way six speaker system where the midbass is actively crossed over at the amplifier The L2x is based loosely off of the Clarus C2x crossover with key enhancements including the option for vertical bi wiring as wel
9. Pro Wide Bandwidth MIdrango scope e t rore b e e e bsec ec tee bone ded petu bn RE 13 liec o q 13 PRECIOUS eM ACA A AA PE PE 13 1 1611111210 REN TIR 15 Musee MBIC Cem eos 16 Thiele Small Parameters csse oeste rebas d tag dee POR Ore e duit ett a e 17 Frequency Response Graph arre A A ere buta een onde eser tss eid ique 18 Stage V Legatia L2x Two Way Vertically Biamplified Passive Crossover eene 19 i to pr RP RT un a 19 Key Issues in Passive Crossover DOSIQFL cose e inroads di Un ME PEN ind 19 A rosso oe haste adeo Rad aditu ach ea a Ee Ad Ah A E E 20 UI Med ae PMI a ee H 22 Mechanieat DESWIFIO es comer eng chaps cy nbn etre dva RN PARR incre asian ch ini ipee bte etude Ce S RRL A aoe 23 Freguency Filt r IGE scende ue Oen Ine to totes andate oe ittm feutendt idea 24 Stage V Legatia L3x Three Way Vertically Biamplified Passive Crossover sene 25 A 25 Key Issues in Passive Crossover 065101 25 Attribute Sinna A ave RRNA an o PI SP SPP due 26 S mmay te t di taa 28 Mechanical Dri tir 29 PFrequenoy Filt r Plot A da 30 Advanced System Installato Merse ena 3 ROS AI
10. When installed and set up properly the Legatia Pro component system you have purchased will be the finest loudspeakers you have ever heard and give years of superior performance Thank you for going on line to read and download your User s Manual Our offices are located amongst the evergreens in North Georgia USA and we happen to like trees Aside from the obvious aesthetic benefits trees improve our air protect our water save energy and improve economic sustainability Additionally it is expensive to print and distribute thousands of copies of an owner s manual we d rather invest our production dollars into an incredible line up of speaker systems for your listening pleasure With online resources becoming the main source of information for more and more people we are pleased that you re here reading this manual on line verses having a print copy which might get read once and put back into the gift box or worse yet discarded With the publication of this specifications library and car audio reference guide it is our goal to assist the do it yourself enthusiast and professional installer alike in getting the highest level of performance out of Legatia Pro component speakers and sets using straight forward installation advice and practical application of timeless acoustic principles The first part of this manual is comprised of a specifications library for all of our available Legatia Pro component speakers passive crossover devi
11. a solid copper winding for heat dissipation as well as significantly reduced moving mass The result is an extremely light weight winding with good power handling and low inductance How much amplitude a speaker can reproduce depends on the volume of air it excites without overheating The volume of air that a speaker excites is determined by the surface area of the dome and the excursion capability of the motor system Xmax is defined as the width of the voice coil that extends beyond the front plate and relates to how far the speaker can move in either direction without appreciable distortion The Legatia Pro dome midrange designs boast exceptional one way linear excursion Xmax Dome The shape weight and strength of the Legatia Pro midrange domes relate directly to the extended frequency response of the Legatia Pro range of drivers The Legatia Pro domes are convex shaped hybrid fine fabric Japanese cotton diaphragms described below A considerable effort was allocated to create a convex diaphragm with exceptional modal damping to have a smooth band to band frequency response applicable in both on and off axis applications You will find no composite or metal cone materials used in any Legatia Pro midrange driver Our approach to point sourcing is to allow the Legatia Pro midrange drivers to effectively play into treble frequencies having virtually all imaging cues emanating from one set of drivers in an installation ensures stable stereo
12. are typically of extremely low quality Additionally jumper pins add an unnecessary pair of splices in the signal path to the tweeter and were not included in our design either Rather all tweeter level adjustments are done on the board level with dedicated non inductive resistors tweeter attenuation is accomplished by selecting the appropriate output 3 dB O dB or 3 dB on the passive crossover circuit board Likewise midrange attenuation is accomplished by selecting the appropriate output 0 dB or 3 dB The components selected are complimentary and ensure no appreciable signal degradation between the input and output side of the crossovers Likewise the capacitors and inductors are arranged on the board to reduce the coupling between circuits and electromagnetic interference by basic physical separation while still keeping the footprint size of the circuit board small Finally the use of 12 dB octave filters on both low pass and high pass minimizes phase related distortion typical of crossovers with mismatched orders and ensures relative phase coherency Connection The L3x has convenient spring loaded terminals for wire connection Bare wire can be twisted tightly and inserted into the spring loaded terminal however Hybrid Audio recommends that the wire be tinned with solder to avoid oxidation fraying and to promote a better connection The following is the connection nomenclature on the L3x from left to right on the circuit board
13. exceptions and you may actually find that the dashboard locations provide the best equalized PLD of the available mounting locations this is very rare though in our experience less than one percent of vehicles on the market today have optimized dashboard speaker locations for the midbass drivers In scenario b a typical door installation location is shown and in many vehicles represents a good improvement in PLD s from the dashboard high in the door panel and a pillar location identified in scenario a The door speaker installation scenario is the one detailed in the basic installation section at the beginning of this manual and in most vehicles represents a satisfactory location to mount speakers not ideal but satisfactory The door speaker installation scenario will likely also require some amount of time and intensity equalization to ensure a centered image in most vehicles this can be as simple as adjusting the balance control on your source unit to more advanced ways of digital time and intensity manipulation The third and final potential mounting location as shown in this diagram scenario c represents a kick panel installation where the midrange are placed far forward in the A frame cavity of the kick panels present in most vehicles The kick panels are the small panel next to the throttle and brake pedals down by your feet While it is not immediately obvious looking at a two dimensional drawing in many cases the kick pa
14. imaging across the fundamental frequencies which define image placement Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 5 of 43 and definition As noted above the Legatia Pro midrange drivers include a proprietary hybrid Japanese cotton fine fabric diaphragm with extremely low moving mass The fine fabric dome is widely acknowledged as the best damping material in the dome geometry format as it provides the near optimum balance of strength and weight The fabric dome is critical to tame unwanted dome modes resonances and the classic breakup associated with most composite materials All Legatia Pro designs offer an outstanding extended frequency response the usable frequency range of the Legatia Pro midrange drivers is at least six full octaves with proper installation aiming set up and tuning And because of the employed dome technology which boasts exceptional off axis response described above all Legatia Pro drivers offer exceptional off axis bandwidth as well exceeding five octaves for all designs The Legatia L1 Pro tweeter utilizes a fine silk dome for the ultimate in music reproduction Suspension All Legatia Pro midrange drivers include a reverse roll fine treated cloth surround terminated in one piece to the diaphragm which is highly consistent and does not suffer the variance of natural rubbers The surround and diaphragm in concert terminate mechanical vibrations well having a low stiffness for positive dam
15. moisture may be present in a door installation Finally if you are mounting the passive crossovers in the kick panels or dashboard be sure to keep the networks away from any noise inducing device within the vehicle such as factory ECU s auto transmission control ECU s BCM s alternator field stator wiring and numerous other devices Readers note be mindful of the location of throttle brake and clutch pedals when you are selecting a mounting location and where to route the speaker wiring If the only option for crossover mounting is in the door it would typically be prudent to install the passive crossovers immediately adjacent to the midbass location to keep speaker wiring and connections short and allow access to the OEM wiring if it is used without having to extend it and creating an additional resistive splice in the wire If you must install the L2x in the door DO NOT MOUNT THE CROSSOVER INSIDE THE DOOR CAVITY Rather install the networks on the same mounting plane as the midbass toward the passenger compartment and behind the OEM door panel skin so as to not expose the delicate electronic parts contained within to moisture inside the door cavity Once an adequate spot for mounting the L2x is found securely mount the crossover networks using the supplied screws Before any cutting drilling or insertion of screws check the clearance of the panel from behind to verify that you won t be damaging existing wiring window or door lock mot
16. most mobile audio sound systems benefit greatly from having the front stage speakers at least partially off axis Off axis means that the speakers are not pointing at you but rather at some angle less than 90 degrees away from you Lesson Two Equalization of Pathlength Differences Quite possibly the most important functional consideration that a do it yourself enthusiast or professional installer should give to the Legatia Pro speaker placement is to optimize as best as possible pathlength differences PLD s in the vehicle PLD s are defined mathematically as follows this example assumes a right hand drive vehicle PLD s are always a positive number X Y Z Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 31 of 43 Where X distance of the center of the left speaker from your left ear Y distance of the center of the right speaker from your right ear Z pathlength difference Applying this formula assume that the distance of the left speaker from your left ear is 140cm and the distance of the right speaker from your right ear is 100cm the pathlength difference is 40cm Good stereo imaging is completely dependent on arrival times of the fundamental vocal frequencies Differences as little as 10 microseconds can be detected by the brain A PLD of 30 centimeters equates to the sound from the nearest channel arriving about 0 9 milliseconds earlier than the furthest channel It is Hybrid Audio s opinion th
17. or mounting location should either be secured extremely well to the vehicle s body or completely isolated from the vehicle s chassis The reasoning is that the speaker baffle panel will vibrate and will radiate sound Even small vibrations can result in the baffle itself radiating more sound than the actual speaker at certain frequencies The mounting baffle or mounting location should be damped with a layer of typical sound damping to reduce the Q of the baffle and lower its vibration resonance frequency below the range of the driver s frequency response In many cases using thicker baffle panel in concert with self adhesive sound damping can also be advantageous Finally if possible the speaker should be mechanically decoupled from the baffle This can be something as simple as a layer of self adhesive foam tape to more exotic examples of decoupling including rubberized rings or multiple layer septum shielding Building solid mounting baffles in many cases it is advisable to mount your Legatia Pro midrange s in high stiffness wood or high density fiberglass or wood treated with fiberglass resin Hybrid Audio Technologies recommends the use of a solid hardwood such as birch or oak namely because these woods are stiff and help to dissipate resonance and screws can be inserted and removed multiple times without stripping Avoid Medium Density Fiberboard MDF particularly in wet environments like the door as the MDF will act like a spo
18. tweeter may be located in the dashboard or a pillar In order to compensate for this you might choose to selectively delay certain speakers in the installation so that all of the tones reach your ears at the same time note that as previously alluded to time alignment of your tweeters would be rendered virtually useless Amplitude Equalization An excellent use of today s dual mono equalizers and advanced digital signal processing is the ability to equalize amplitude anomalies between speakers and sets of speakers installed in a vehicle Ina vehicular installation the frequency response of drivers can sometimes be manipulated for the betterment of the system using independent left and right amplitude adjustment Virtually any good car audio system can be made better with judicious use of a minor amount of equalization And while equalization will not cure phasing anomalies in a car usually the product of vehicular mechanics they can certainly be helpful in fine tuning the system to your own personal taste or in the quest for playback accuracy to the original musical composition One important consideration of amplitude equalization also known in some circles as amplitude alignment is the ability to tune those frequencies above about 500 Hz that are not completely affected by time correction The very best vehicles have some sort of amplitude equalization between the left and right speakers to account for IID and HRTF After your Legatia P
19. vehicle such as factory ECU s auto transmission control ECU s BCM s alternator field stator wiring and numerous other devices Readers note be mindful of the location of throttle brake and clutch pedals when you are selecting a mounting location and where to route the speaker wiring If the only option for crossover mounting is in the door it would typically be prudent to install the passive crossovers immediately adjacent to the midbass location to keep speaker wiring and connections short and allow access to the OEM wiring if it is used without having to extend it and creating an additional resistive splice in the wire If you must install the L3x in the door DO NOT MOUNT THE CROSSOVER INSIDE THE DOOR CAVITY Rather install the networks on the same mounting plane as the midbass toward the passenger compartment and behind the OEM door Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 27 of 43 panel skin so as to not expose the delicate electronic parts contained within to moisture inside the door cavity Once an adequate spot for mounting the L3x is found securely mount the crossover networks using the supplied screws Before any cutting drilling or insertion of screws check the clearance of the panel from behind to verify that you won t be damaging existing wiring window or door lock motors window tracks and the windows themselves and etc Summary The Legatia L3x is an exceptional quality three way passive crosso
20. 00 Hz at 12 dB octave Linkwitz Riley Bandpass midrange 300 Hz to 6 000 Hz at 12 dB octave Linkwitz Riley Highpass treble 6 000 Hz at 12 dB octave Linkwitz Riley The only filtering on the board is mentioned above and in essence are elementary highpass bandpass and lowpass filters common in any three way crossover design As noted above there is no board mounted equalization specific to one brand or type of midrange or tweeter or common of competitor s designs where equalization correction filtering is added The L3x can be used with any number of drivers we produce including any midrange midbass and tweeter from the Imagine Unity Clarus Legatia SE Legatia SE SE and Legatia SE Pro range of offerings The more common uses for the L3x are Legatia L6SE paired with Legatia L3SE or LASE and Legatia SE tweeters such as the Legatia SE L1 Pro or Legatia SE L1 Pro R2 but the design is not limited to those uses and can be expanded to any number of possible bespoke three way configurations The L3x passive crossover networks incorporate asymmetrically arranged super high quality and low tolerance metalized polypropylene film capacitors air core inductors and low tolerance non inductive resistors Even the massive lowpass and bandpass capacitors are super high quality polypropylene capacitors nearly unheard of by today s standards No output level switches were used in the passive crossover design because switches add a resistive effect and
21. B octave bandpass filter at certain frequencies Not only this but the speaker could potentially begin to exhibit significant intermodulation distortion as the cone becomes non linear trying to reproduce the lowest octave of tones not to mention irregular polar radiation patterns between the Legatia Pro midrange and the accompanying Legatia Pro tweeter Given the large uncertainty of low order crossover systems Hybrid Audio recommends the use of higher order electronic crossovers so that fine tuning can be done electronically The active network benefits from easy correction of different speaker sensitivities and equalizing not only the individual drivers but the combined response as well Not having to account for the speaker s impedance verses frequency as well as the passive device impedance and phase shift makes the active filter superior to most passive crossover networks due to the fact that each and every aspect can be tailored to better suit the individual installation s requirements However we understand that in some cases that passive filters are required and thus the reason why we have manufactured the Legatia L2x two way and Legatia L3x three way passive crossover systems In our humble opinion however the ideal crossover system for most users is an active one that takes into account the Legatia Pro Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 36 of 43 driver location and its characteristics in concert with the
22. R NPS AR RERE RA RR AE PPR 31 Lessons Learned io 31 Lesson One Off Axis Respond 31 Lesson Two Equalization of Pathlength Differences 31 Lesson Three The Effect of HRTF ITD and llD o onccoccnnccnnccnncnnonanananoninananononanonnnno nono nona conocio nano nn ron nennen nnne 33 Lesson Four Point SOURCING AA mee eee nete 34 kesson Five Referente Rm 34 Advanced Installation of the Legatia Pro Component Systems essent 35 Mounting Baffle Considerations n a oat aveces atero rut Elo suse trao eru iude sdb Pea ate Md sert 35 OSS OV STS e hee cus cies O and 36 TIO COIT GUO aa se Gert O bises a ipei oto ie tuos die 37 rerum A i 37 A EIC EE ESPERE 38 SENA NR TRENT 38 Armplit deEqualiz aur doe dece herd ordi etta i m he eit vea FN PRS 38 ACOUSTIC TREAT GIA pe 38 Advanced Installation CONCISO Sai a A AAA ante ea ches aera 39 liiis ee trc E 40 Midi E 41 ReterencOs iii tada a 42 Welcome and Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of high performance Legatia Pro series mobile audio component loudspeakers and welcome to the world of Hybrid Audio Technologies where high end mobile audio loudspeaker development is our passion
23. aker Vas The volume of air having the same acoustic compliance as the speaker s suspension Application to Thiele Small Parameters to Legatia Pro Designs Enclosure Recommendations All Legatia Pro series drivers include a sealed back tuned chamber and therefore do not require being mounted in an enclosure In a typical installation Legatia Pro midrange and tweeter products should be mounted in a solid mounting baffle to abate resonance details on baffle recommendations are presented on page 37 Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 7 of 43 Legatia L1 Pro Tweeter History The Legatia SE L1 Pro s topology is an enhanced low resonance version of the massively successful Legatia L1V2 The purpose of the L1 Pro topology was to build upon the success and efficacy of the Stage V Legatia L1V2 but offer it in a package with considerably lower resonance frequency for potential use in two way applications or where a tweeter with low resonance was needed The L1 Pro was launched in February 2008 and was the first product developed and released in the Legatia Special Edition and Pro Series In the years since its inception the L1 Pro has been used successfully in organized car audio sound quality competition notably including two time Canadian and IASCA North American championship competitor John Fozz Myers vehicle The Legatia SE L1 Pro is the reference soft dome tweeter driver in Hybrid Audio s product
24. al abuse to overload of or misuse of the product or operation thereof in a manner inconsistent with the use indicated in the instructions 3 any use of the product other than that for which it was intended or 4 shipment of the product to Hybrid Audio Technologies for service This warranty does not cover labor costs Hybrid Audio Technologies is not liable for any special incidental or consequential damages including but not limited to personal injury property damage damage to or loss of equipment loss of profits or revenue costs of renting or buying replacements and or any other additional expenses even if Hybrid Audio Technologies has been informed of the prospect of such damages Any express warranty not provided herein and any remedy which other than the warranty contained herein might arise by inference or operation of law is hereby excluded and disclaimed including the implied warranties of merchantability and of the fitness for a particular purpose Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 40 of 43 Thank You Hybrid Audio Technologies is delighted that you have chosen a Legatia Pro component system for your high end mobile audio sound system We are convinced that a great product offering backed up with unsurpassed customer service and technical support will advance the Hybrid Audio Technologies namesake in the coming years We are pleased that you have joined us in our new generation of in car audio
25. ameter Mounting Depth Mounting Hole Mounting Methodology Construction Distortion Magnet Diameter and Construction Recommended Minimum Crossover Frequency Prom Rated Power Input No Crossover Pmax Rated Power Input No Crossover Pmax With Recommended Minimum Crossover Frequency Range Sensitivity Mms Cms L Voice Coil Diameter Impedance DC Resistance S Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies 99 mm 3 9 inch Surface mount midrange with standard pitch M99 X 4mm thick knurled thread aluminum adapter to secure the midrange body from the rear Solid machined aluminum with polypropylene rear cap and push terminals lt 5 max at rated power input no crossover 049 5 X 5mm H NdFeB 400 Hz at 24 dB octave highpass 30 watts AES Standard integrated 60 watts AES Standard 50 5 mm 2 inch 249 Hz free air 2 mm one way Page 17 of 43 Frequency Response Graph SPL vs Freq Please note that the response peak at approximately 170 Hz is a testing room mode and is not indicative of the speaker s performance at that frequency All speakers tested show this same phenomenon and it has been concluded to be a room artifact Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 18 of 43 Stage V Legatia L2x Two Way Vertically Biamplified Passive Crossover NOTE Although the Legatia
26. ase related distortion typical of crossovers with mismatched orders and ensures relative phase coherency Connection The L2x has convenient spring loaded terminals for wire connection Bare wire can be twisted tightly and inserted into the spring loaded terminal however Hybrid Audio recommends that the wire be tinned with solder to avoid oxidation fraying and to promote a better connection The following is the connection nomenclature on the L2x from left to right on the circuit board WF Woofer positive input from amplifier IN Woofer negative input from amplifier Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 20 of 43 WF Woofer positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies midbass or midrange positive terminal OUT Woofer negative output to Hybrid Audio Technologies midbass or midrange negative terminal TW Tweeter positive input from amplifier IN Tweeter negative input from amplifier HI Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal 3 dB setting MID Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal 0 dB setting LOW Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal 3 dB setting TW Tweeter negative output to Hybrid Audio Technologies tweeter negative terminal NOTE the Lex is a bi wired crossover meaning the crossover has two sets of inputs for use with two two channel amplifiers or a four channel amplifier If you w
27. at the end user should try to keep PLD s to less than 30 centimeters in a vehicle which is intended to have good imaging and staging character from both seated positions The best way to go about evaluating certain locations in your vehicle is in general to look for the potential locations as far forward and away from you as possible but still with a general line of sight to the speakers particularly the speaker on the far side of the vehicle An easy way to test various potential locations is to hold a tape measure or other measurement device from the potential speaker mounting locations and measure those locations with respect to your ears Reference the figure below In this scenario three potential locations for the mounting of the Legatia Pro midrange driver are shown Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 32 of 43 In scenario a we show the installation of the Legatia Pro midrange in the dashboard or high in a door panel As you can see from the diagram the PLD s between the left and right speakers are large due to the proximity of the listener to the near side speaker While the mounting of primary drivers in the dashboard or a pilars has become increasingly popular this configuration will undoubtedly require both time and intensity domain equalization in most vehicles to ensure a good focused center image properly located in the center of the vehicle for one seated position There are however some rare
28. category known collectively as the Legatia SE Series Attributes The Legatia SE L1 Pro is a 58mm 2 3 inch O D low resonance wide bandwidth tweeter driver Continuing on in the tradition of exceptional tweeter design and manufacturing by Hybrid Audio Technologies the Legatia Pro L1 is an articulate detailed and tonally correct tweeter in a slightly larger diaphragm than its sibling the Legatia L1V2 The Pro L1 is a light and transiently fast tweeter in a 25mm body that doesn t suffer from typical heaviness in tonal quality typically associated with damped large diameter dome tweeters the L1 Pro can be used for the reproduction of treble frequencies in dedicated two three and four way front stage systems The Pro L1 has exceptional polar response and remains small enough to install in typical locations within a vehicular environment At the onset of the Special Edition and Pro Series Legatia program we wanted to be sure that the Pro Series tweeter could be listened to for long listening sessions with no noticeable listener fatigue and the Pro L1 answers the call The Pro L1 does an immaculate job of recreating tones well into the vocal midrange frequencies should the user decide to employ an exceptionally low crossover frequency The Pro L1 sets the new benchmark for car audio tweeters it is the best soft dome car audio tweeter available today irrespective of price The L1 Pro is available in two finishes brushed natural al
29. ces and available accessory hardware Simply scroll through the library to learn more about the wide variety of Legatia Pro products The second part of the manual has been written to be more or less a miniature mobile audio reference guide that can be used to better any sound system and in particular a system that utilizes the Legatia Pro component speaker systems t is an introductory primer to the world of high end mobile audio we hope this user s manual is not only informative but motivating Keep it handy throughout your installation process and any time you go to improve your audio system with other Hybrid Audio Technologies products or perhaps to take advantage of our lifetime guaranteed value trade in program We are confident that if the principles explained in this manual are exercised in your own installation you will be ecstatic with the sound quality outcome We realize that you have a choice in loudspeakers and are thrilled that you have chosen the Legatia Pro series For more information about Hybrid Audio Technologies our philosophies regarding high end mobile audio to learn more about our lifetime guaranteed value program and for information about our other products please visit us online at www hybrid audio com Thank you and happy listening Scott E Buwalda Founder Hybrid Audio Technologies Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 4 of 43 Legatia Pro Speaker Design Considerations The Le
30. esonance frequency The chamber for the L3 Pro is approximately 20 cm in internal volume A machined aluminum knurled attachment nut at the base of the L3 Pro provides optimized clamping strength to the mounting media and important feature for terminating modal distortion at the mounting baffle Motor The motor of the L3 Pro is paramount to the performance of the driver providing for a flat and wide BL curve as a learning note BL is the equivalent of torque in a car a car with a flat and constant torque curve provides much better acceleration and performance than a car with a peaky non constant torque curve The BL curve is flat and extended yielding 4mm of two way linear excursion resulting in the L3 Pro being able to accurately track the input signal Reduced distortion and greater dynamics are the immediate sonic benefits The motor of the L3 Pro includes an NdFeB magnet to improve restorative force compliance motor strength displacement and power handling The magnet assembly fully surrounds the voice coil Voice Coil The voice coil diameter of the L3 Pro is a large 50 5mm 2 inch which is the proper balance between size and moving mass in super high end mobile audio midranges full range drivers The voice coil diameter serves several key functions elevated power handling dissipation of heat thereby lowering power compression and maximizing the size of the magnet assembly for enhanced motor compliance The voice coil is high
31. gatia Pro series component speakers are electrodynamic drivers that are comprised of a dome diaphragm that is set in motion by a motor system that has both electrical and mechanical components The following design tenets are typical of all Legatia Pro series midrange drivers Motor The motor of the Legatia Pro midrange transducers are paramount to the performance of the drivers providing for a flat and wide BL curve The BL curve is flat and extended in all models yielding exceptional two way linear excursion resulting in the Legatia Pro midrange drivers being able to accurately track the input signal Reduced distortion and greater dynamics are the immediate sonic benefits The motor of the L3 Pro includes a high grade NdFeB magnet assembly to improve restorative force compliance motor strength displacement and power handling but also to serve a small diameter form factor The voice coil fully surrounds the magnet Voice Coil The voice coil diameter of the Legatia Pro range of midrange drivers represents the optimal balance of diameter power handling and moving mass The L3 Pro uses a 50 5mm 2 inch voice coil The voice coil diameter serves several key functions elevated power handling dissipation of heat thereby lowering power compression and maximizing the size of the magnet assembly for enhanced motor compliance The voice coils used in all Legatia Pro designs are copper coated high purity aluminum winding which is superior to
32. gth to the mounting media Mounting Flange and Dimensions The 58mm wide mounting flange only 3mm larger than the Legatia L1V2 tweeter provides a solid aluminum mounting surface for the tweeter without the necessity of mounting cups or external hardware The overall dimensions of the driver are very amenable for use in the car audio environment boasting an exceptional depth of just 30mm nearly unheard of in a tuned chamber tweeter Terminals Cap and Spring Loaded Terminals The L1 Pro includes an extruded polypropylene tuned chamber with integrated high end nickel plated spring loaded push terminals at the rear of the tweeters motor assembly The spring loaded terminals give the end user flexibility in direct connection with large gauge tinned wiring without the need for crimp terminals Summary The Legatia SE L1 Pro tweeter is an excellent step up in performance over the Legatia L1V2 tweeter driver offered in the Stage V Legatia series and is the bench mark low resonance soft dome tweeter in Hybrid Audio s complete product offering Equally at home in two way configuration paired with a midrange or midbass or as the dedicated tweeter transducer in a three way application the Legatia SE L1 Pro is an exemplary performer and is eclipsed in performance by only the Stage VI Legatia SE L1 Pro Ring Radiator R2 tweeter Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 9 of 43 Mechanical Drawing 59509 509 X0 30 300
33. ish to not use two two channel amplifiers or a four channel amplifier and use only one two channel amplifier instead simply bridge the connections between WF and TW and IN and IN with two short strands of insulated wire Once all speakers are installed you will need to do a brief listening test with CD quality music that you are intimately familiar with to determine which tweeter attenuation you desire Be sure that all equalization bass and treble levels are defeated or set to zero on the source unit before evaluating the intensity of the tweeters with respect to your midrange midbass level and your listening taste Note also after approximately 25 hours the speakers will begin to break in like any mechanical component and intensities may need to be re adjusted again In other words the midbass need to be broken in with typical play time before final tweeter attenuation is set You may find that after break in the tweeter intensity will need to be re adjusted Mounting Choose your L2x mounting location carefully The L2x contains parts that are susceptible to damage through repeated shock moisture and electromagnetic interference For example it is advisable to install the passive crossovers inside the passenger compartment versus the door since the door is exposed to repeated opening and closing shock which may damage the delicate passive crossover components or cause soldered joints to break over time Likewise
34. l as an enhanced filter set using low tolerance super high quality componentry The Legatia L2x was launched in September 2009 and is the reference two way passive crossover in Hybrid Audio s product category known collectively as the Legatia Series Key Issues in Passive Crossover Design Before highlighting the L2x s design attributes there are certain key issues in passive crossover design that the end user should be aware of For years vocal manufacturers have coerced the consumer into believing that capacitors coils and resistors are not only desirable but are a requirement One notable high end speaker manufacturer boasts that they spend months working on crossover designs to enhance their speakers To enhance means to add considerable filtering to fix speaker response anomalies aka poor speaker designs Our speaker design philosophy is to spend the time and resources necessary to make the speakers exceptional in the design phase and then use simpleton filtering to protect only for thermal protection at resonance and provide the desired frequency response filtering via crossovers It is our philosophy that the passive crossover should not contain any level of equalization none of our designs in any series use crossovers that contain any form of equalization beyond simple tweeter attenuation We believe in making the speaker great not trying to fix a poor speaker with filtering and attenuation There s no cross
35. led you will need to do a brief listening test with CD quality music that you are intimately familiar with to determine which midrange and or tweeter attenuation you desire Be sure that all equalization bass and treble levels are defeated or set to zero on the source unit before evaluating the intensity of the tweeters with respect to your midrange midbass level and your listening taste Note also after approximately 25 hours the speakers will begin to break in like any mechanical component and intensities may need to be re adjusted again In other words the midbass and midrange need to be broken in with typical play time before final midrange and tweeter attenuation is set You may find that after break in the midrange and or tweeter intensity will need to be re adjusted Mounting Choose your L3x mounting location carefully The L3x contains parts that are susceptible to damage through repeated shock moisture and electromagnetic interference For example it is advisable to install the passive crossovers inside the passenger compartment versus the door since the door is exposed to repeated opening and closing shock which may damage the delicate passive crossover components or cause soldered joints to break over time Likewise moisture may be present in a door installation Finally if you are mounting the passive crossovers in the kick panels or dashboard be sure to keep the networks away from any noise inducing device within the
36. n October 2009 It s no secret that Hybrid Audio Technologies highly recommends the use of active crossovers that are set up and adjusted by an industry specialist such as a master tuner or a highly qualified car audio shop installer please read any number of White Papers on the subject of passive crossovers on the www hybrid audio com downloads htm web page In some cases however using active crossovers is not a viable option so we designed and manufactured the Legatia L3x to allow for easy Legatia SE installations especially when multiple amplifier channels and or adequate active crossover processing was not available in the car audio installation The L3x can be used for virtually any Legatia SE three way passively crossed over systems or used in conjunction with other Hybrid Audio products to create a truly bespoke three way system The Legatia L3x was launched in June 2011 and is the reference three way passive crossover in Hybrid Audio s product category known collectively as the Legatia Series Key Issues in Passive Crossover Design Before highlighting the L3x s design attributes there are certain key issues in passive crossover design that the end user should be aware of For years vocal manufacturers have coerced the consumer into believing that capacitors coils and resistors are not only desirable but are a requirement One notable high end speaker manufacturer boasts that they spend months working on crossover designs t
37. ncreases and the effects of head shadowing are amplified causing the IID to increase The spectral shaping caused by the head and the shape of the outer ear may also change The ITD which results from the absolute difference in path length from the source to the ears remains approximately constant as distance decreases From this we learn Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 33 of 43 e ITD is the dominant factor for frequencies below about 500 Hz e A combination of ITD and IID are dominant for frequencies between approximately 500 Hz and 2 000 Hz and e in concert with HRTF are dominant above about 2 000 Hz These are generalizations and are subject to the size and shape of one s head and torso and size and shape of the outer ear the folds and ridges of the ear but in general the above is a good guideline for establishing ITD IID and HRTF thresholds for the human auditory system Because the Legatia Pro midrange s ability to play into the sub 400 Hz range an effect clearly dominated by ITD up to and including frequencies exceeding 6 000 Hz an effect clearly dominated by IID and HRTF placement of this driver is extremely important The driver should be placed as far forward as possible in the vehicle to optimize ITD Lateral forward to back placement is much more important than horizontal placement up and down This is because of the brain s ability to process sounds such as spectral envelope cues and
38. nd learned its beauty and passion Advanced Installation of the Legatia Pro Component Systems Mounting Baffle Considerations Now that we have revealed five of our most important Lessons Learned we can now apply these lessons to the Legatia Pro installation The first important matter is the physical installation of your Legatia Pro midrange and more specifically with respect to improving the Legatia Pro midrange s mounting baffles Most vehicles factory mounting locations for speakers are less than ideal In most cases the OEM speaker mounting flanges are likely nothing more than flimsy extruded plastic and provide no sonic benefit to your Legatia Pro installation The Legatia Pro drivers are high performance midrange and the plastic mounting baffles that come from the factory in virtually every vehicle will lead to buzzes rattles vibrations and resonances all of which negatively affect the Legatia Pro installation In other vehicles you may have attached the Legatia Pro midrange s directly to the door metal hopefully with a layer or two of self adhesive sound damping in between but this is still not entirely ideal In whatever scenario you have installed your Legatia Pro midrange there are certain tricks and techniques that may be applied to get the most out of your Legatia Pro component set specifically the midrange installation as follows Mounting the baffle sound damping and decoupling the mounting baffle
39. nel location affords the best equalization of pathlength differences for most vehicles And the reason why this is a good choice for most vehicles is defined in the second full paragraph of Lesson Three below The lesson to be learned here is that by taking a few moments to evaluate the potential mounting locations in your vehicle in a very short period of time you will be able to find the best location for your Legatia Pro midrange by determining the location with the smallest PLD Lesson Three The Effect of HRTF ITD and IID Head related transfer function HRTF interaural intensity differences IID and interaural time delay ITD all play a key role in the optimum placement location for the Legatia Pro component speakers A sound wave approaching the eardrum from your chosen speaker location is shaped by interactions with the size and shape of your head torso and outer ear resulting in the HRTF More specifically the HRTF is the ratio between the sound pressures of the wave at the eardrum as compared to the sound pressure that would exist at the center of the head if the head were removed In general the sound arriving at the ear further from the source is attenuated and delayed relative to the sound arriving at the ear closer to the source This generates an interaural intensity difference IID and an interaural time delay ITD As a sound approaches the head the ratio of distances from the speaker location to the near and far ears i
40. nf Washington 1990 The sound of audio p 167 Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 42 of 43
41. nge with humidity and moisture and not only that the MDF is a dense but not stiff type of wood and the results may not be particularly noticeable if you use MDF Once your baffle is built it must be covered in one or two layers of a Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 35 of 43 good quality brand name self adhesive damping product a solid wood mounting baffle with sound damping treatment will augment the Legatia Pro installation by eliminating resonances Mounting baffle dimensions While building baffles is important it is notable that mounting baffle size is equally important All mounting baffles should be kept as small as possible with respect to the size of the speaker The purpose of using a small baffle is to avoid the potential for low amplitude diffracted sound waves becoming summed with the incidental waves A narrower baffle also becomes increasingly important as frequencies range into the Legatia Pro midrange s upper bandwidth where the power response is more uniform and incident and reflected waves are indistinguishable In practical terms keep baffle dimensions small with respect to the size of the Legatia Pro midrange chamfer or round sharp edges flush mount the speaker whenever possible and use shallow surface mounted hardware or ideally use the supplied knurled attachment nuts Also remove all unnecessary protrusions from the baffle surface Crossovers One of the most fundamental and importa
42. nt considerations in the final tweaking of a car audio system is the set up of the speaker s crossovers The Legatia Pro drivers use fine cloth diaphragms that exhibits little if any cone breakup in its upper frequency bandwidth However it is still important to utilize crossovers especially active crossover networks to suit the speaker system to the car s acoustic signature It has been Hybrid Audio s philosophy to tune the speaker system to the vehicle s acoustic signature using just active crossovers and only a very minor amount of equalization Our very best world championship vehicles have always had one thing in common creative use of active crossover filters and very minimal equalization Use your crossovers to tune your car and the equalizer to suit the vehicle s speaker response to your own tastes The first thing to remember is that every speaker exhibits some sort of a natural roll off This rolloff typically amounts to about 12 dB octave and needs to be taken into account especially when designing passive crossover systems this roll off has been accounted for in the Legatia L2x and L3x designs Simply adding a capacitor and inductor in series 6 dB octave bandpass filter to a Legatia Pro midrange driver does not necessarily mean that you ll see a phase coherent 6 dB octave bandpass filter at its crosspoints In fact summing the effect of the driver s natural bandpass roll off you might actually be approaching a theoretical 18 d
43. o enhance their speakers To enhance means to add considerable filtering to fix speaker response anomalies aka poor speaker designs Our speaker design philosophy is to spend the time and resources necessary to make the speakers exceptional in the design phase and then use simpleton filtering to protect only for thermal protection at resonance and provide the desired frequency response It is our philosophy that the passive crossover should not contain any level of equalization none of our designs in any series use crossovers that contain any form of equalization beyond simple tweeter attenuation We believe in making the speaker great not trying to fix a poor speaker with filtering and attenuation There s no crossover in the world that can make a poorly designed speaker sound good This is why there s a relatively simpleton high quality crossover topology employed on the Legatia L3x crossover with no additional board mounted equalization And this is also why we implore you to use our world class speaker systems in concert with the L3x Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 25 of 43 Attributes The Legatia L3x is a bi amplified three way passive crossover for use with virtually any midrange midbass and tweeter pairing Hybrid Audio manufactures The following are the L3x s design attributes Filter Set The L3x is a bi wired three way passive crossover that has the following filters Lowpass midbass 3
44. o reduce backwave distortion and significantly lower the Pro series driver s resonance frequency to allow it to be used to play tones near its resonance frequency A machined aluminum knurled attachment nut at the base of the Pro series product provides optimized clamping strength to the mounting media and important feature for terminating modal distortion at the mounting baffle Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 6 of 43 Thiele Small Parameters Introduction Acoustics pioneers Neville Thiele and Richard Small developed a way to predict speaker performance and frequency response These parameters are known collectively as Thiele Small Parameters and are divided into physical characteristics and response parameters The Physical Characteristics of a speaker are Re The D C resistance of the voice coil measured in Ohms Sd The surface area of the speaker s cone BL The magnetic strength of the motor structure Mms The total moving mass of the speaker including the small amount of air in front of and behind the cone Cms The stiffness of the driver s suspension Rms The losses due to the suspension The Thiele Small Response parameters are Re The D C resistance of the voice coil measured in Ohms Sd The surface area of the speaker Fs The resonant frequency of the speaker Qes The electrical Q of the speaker Qms The mechanical Q of the speaker Qts The total Q of the spe
45. one correctly can lend itself to a variety of valuable attributes including precise image definition and stable sound staging character By applying Lessons 1 3 above the Legatia Pro midrange can be used as a point source driver to achieve excellent staging and imaging results The lesson to be learned here is that the Legatia Pro midrange given its wide bandwidth design can faithfully reproduce as much as six octaves of tones and would make a valuable addition to any sound system as a point source driver for the spectrum comprising vocal imaging cues Lesson Five Reference One of the most important things to do before completing your Legatia Pro installation is to get a reference for your future listening tests To really know what a snare drum sounds like you must go Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 34 of 43 and listen to one in person live and un amplified There is no substitute for the visceral impact and emotion of live music Nothing else in life can touch your soul the way music does Whether it s a 200 member orchestra or a four piece fusion band nothing compares to the phenomenon of live music Take this as Hybrid Audio s official request become a student of music and your mobile audio sound system will be better for it We want nothing more than to know there are great sounding audio systems around the world using our products and you d make us all very proud if you became a student of music a
46. onfigurations and at various cross points and the final verdict was given that the first dome midrange from Hybrid Audio Technologies would be a massive success as this design clearly out performed other similar models in the same price and perceived categories Production refinements were mid Spring 2012 to incorporate features inclusive and proprietary to the Legatia Pro line and final production commenced July 2012 with several pre production sets delivered in June 2012 The Legatia L3 Pro is the reference 3 9 inch driver in Hybrid Audio s product category known collectively as the Legatia Pro Series Attributes The Legatia L3 Pro is a 99mm 3 9 inch small format wide bandwidth midrange full range driver to compliment both two way and three way system designs where a point source midrange and or full range driver is required The L3 Pro is only 6mm 0 2 inch larger than the Stage V Legatia L3V2 and the Stage VI Legatia L3SE for many potential drop in replacement options Body and Flange The body and flange of the L3 Pro is a similar design topology and geometry to the L1 Pro tweeter The body is an extremely high quality machined aluminum design machined from a solid block of aircraft grade 6061 aluminum and contains a 99mm flange providing for the surface mounting of the driver via Hybrid Audio Technologies unique knurled attachment nut technology The dense metal structure of the L3 Pro housing helps to reduce resonance
47. onsistent and does not suffer the variance of natural rubbers This surround terminates mechanical vibrations well having a low stiffness for positive damping of resonances Terminals The Legatia L3 Pro comes equipped with heavy duty nickel plated spring loaded push terminals for both positive and negative The terminals optimize contact and give the end user flexibility in tinned wire or binding post terminations Summary The Legatia L3 Pro is the world s finest multi purpose super high end dome midrange speaker driver Mechanical and electrical parameters are amenable to a variety of different installations and speaker locations This driver is intended to be used in a variety of installation protocols and arrangements The size of the L3 Pro allows it to be mounted in typical 3 inch and 4 inch midrange locations within a vehicle or in custom locations at the discretion of the end user even in areas where there may not be adequate airspace behind the driver At home in virtually any arrangement the L3 Pro is Hybrid Audio Technologies Legatia Pro high end small format midrange offering boasting exceptional performance and a design philosophy that goes hand in hand with true high fidelity playback Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 15 of 43 Mechanical Drawing We 09920 gu Page 16 of 43 OHybrid Audio Technologies Legatia Pro User s Manual Thiele Small Parameters Overall Di
48. ors window tracks and the windows themselves and etc Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 21 of 43 Summary The Legatia L2x is an exceptional quality two way passive crossover device that can be used with any Hybrid Audio speaker system to accommodate any number of different bespoke system designs At home in virtually any arrangement the L2x is Hybrid Audio Stage V high end two way passive crossover boasting exceptional performance and a design philosophy that goes hand in hand with true high fidelity playback Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 22 of 43 Mechanical Drawing Jum e S Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 23 of 43 Frequency Filter Plot Voltage vs Freq 86 L2x TW 008 87 L2x TW 3dB Page 24 of 43 Hybrid Audio Technologies Legatia Pro User s Manual Stage V Legatia L3x Three Way Vertically Biamplified Passive Crossover NOTE Although the Legatia L2x is listed in the Stage V Legatia series it has multiple complimentary uses for Stage VI Legatia SE and Pro products as well given the complimentary crossover topology and use of low tolerance asymmetrically aligned componentry and lack of board mounted equalization History The Legatia L3x topology is loosely based off of the Legatia SE L2x crossover topology which was first released i
49. ot net the immediate gains that other more elementary installation items can net The following discussion is pertinent to easy and cost effective enhancements you can do for your audio system particularly as it relates to the installation of Legatia Pro component speakers In any mobile audio system the weakest link will always be the speaker systems followed closely by installation techniques Sometimes its vice versa Since the Legatia Pro component speakers you have purchased has solved the first issue the second issue that being installation techniques can see a significant improvement as well by understanding and incorporating some or all of the techniques in the following sections Lessons Learned We like to call this our Lessons Learned section where we expose some critical lessons that we have learned through thousands upon thousands of hours of trial and error Lesson One Off Axis Response When a speaker system like the Legatia Pro is placed in an automotive environment we hear the direct shortest path and reflected longer path sounds such as resonances and reverberations The two sounds are processed by the brain as one sound and this influences our perception of height width and depth of soundstage as well as rearward ambience For this reason the off axis radiation pattern of any speaker in a vehicular environment has a significant influence on how natural the music sounds The lesson to learn here is that
50. over in the world that can make a poorly designed speaker sound good This is why there s a relatively simple high quality crossover topology employed on the Legatia L2x crossover with no additional board mounted equalization And this is also why we implore you to use our world class speaker systems in concert with the L2x Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 19 of 43 Attributes The Legatia L2x is a bi amplified two way passive crossover for use with virtually any midrange midbass and tweeter pairing Hybrid Audio manufactures The following are the L2x s design attributes Filter Set The L2x is a bi wired two way passive crossover that has the following filters Lowpass midrange 5 700 Hz at 12 dB octave Linkwitz Riley Highpass treble 5 200 Hz at 12 dB octave Linkwitz Riley The only filtering on the board is mentioned above and in essence are elementary highpass and lowpass filters common in any two way crossover design As noted above there is no board mounted equalization specific to one brand or type of midrange or tweeter or common of competitor s designs where equalization correction filtering is added The L2x can be used with any number of drivers we produce including any midrange midbass and tweeter from the Imagine Unity Clarus Legatia Legatia SE and Legatia SE Pro range of offerings The more common uses for the L2x are Legatia L6SE paired with Legatia SE L1 Pro or Legatia SE L1 Pro R2
51. pen cell foam into the underside of the dashboard Likewise should the midrange and or tweeter be placed up high on a pillars or in the dashboard where comb filtering reflective summation and cancellation off of a hard surface such as a windscreen may become an issue a dashboard mat or other soft furnishing may be a noticeable improvement It will require trial and error to get it right but the learning is in the experimentation Advanced Installation Conclusions Sadly there are no rules in mobile audio only several hypothesis and theorems that seem to work for most vehicles Your vehicle may be different and defy everything we know and everything written in this manual You may find that getting that rich detailed sound that you crave may require some experimentation and a lot of work to make it right Or you might be fortunate to have a vehicle that sounds excellent with minimal work Have patience and work through the issues the result will be a rewarding musical experience in your vehicle Just remember it is critical to get a reference as detailed in Lesson 5 Go out and become a student of music and audio learn and improve your audio system one step at a time The journey is exciting and rewarding What we have included above is only a very brief primer to the world of high end mobile audio systems We invite you to read more by going to our website Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 39 of 43
52. ping of resonances The surround termination of the dome diaphragm which acts as an air seal between the dome and the tuned chamber is the predominant mechanical restoring force of the speaker Another function of the surround terminated diaphragm is to absorb dome flexure waves as they are transferred up the diaphragm You ll also know a Legatia Pro midrange design by its integrated acoustically transparent grille Housing and Tuned Chamber All Legatia Pro series products boast a fully machined aluminum body the body is machined aluminum not cast aluminum The dense metal structure of the tweeter and midrange housing helps to reduce resonances within the body of the driver for effective reproduction of extremely low music tones The dome topology better approximates a true monopole than a similarly sized cone midrange especially in the lower one third of its frequency response Notably what also makes the L3 Pro a very good approximation of a true monopole is the fact that the flange body of the driver is solid machined aluminum void of interstitial spaces which terminates resonances well Hybrid Audio Technologies is likely the only company to produce a super high end dome midrange paying attention to the critical function of the housing in modal damping In addition to the aluminum body of the Pro series drivers all Pro series drivers include a cast polypropylene tuned and damped chamber at the rear of the motor assembly the chamber helps t
53. polar radiation patterns of other speakers involved all the while balancing linear and non linear distortion non linear harmonic distortion increases with sound pressure level or cone displacement and thus crossover frequency is critical and can be vehicle and user dependent As mentioned previously in Lesson Three imaging cues of near field within 3m sources come from effectively two auditory methods ITD and IID ITD is the time it takes for sound to reach the far ear after reaching the near ear Typical adult male heads have an ITD maximum of approximately 400 microseconds IID is the measure of intensity difference of the far ear as compared to the near ear ITD is typically used by the brain to localize low frequency sources below 500 Hz IID is typically used by the brain to localize high frequency sources above 2 000 Hz HRTF is also used in conjunction with IID Above approximately 4 000 Hz the higher frequencies are attenuated by the head for the far side ear A sound to your left will have a different spectral content for the left ear as compared to the right ear The HRTF is unique for each individual based upon shape and size of the head and torso but typically occurs at around 4 000 5 000 Hz HRTF will affect the IID at even higher frequencies more so than simple average SPL Above 6 000 Hz or so the HRTF portion of IID becomes the dominant factor The spoken word human voice comprises a fundamental frequency range of appro
54. purity aluminum which is superior to copper for heat dissipation as well as significantly reduced moving mass The result is an extremely light weight winding with good power handling and low inductance Dome You will find no composite or metal cone materials used on the L3 Pro as our approach to point sourcing is to allow the Legatia Pro midrange driver to effectively play into upper treble frequencies The Legatia L3 Pro is a dome type driver consisting of a proprietary Japanese fine cotton hybrid diaphragm with extremely low moving mass Cotton is widely acknowledged as the best damping material for dome midrange drivers as it provides the near optimum balance of strength and weight The dome has been treated with a water resistant element to accommodate door mounting or other areas prone to occasional contact with liquid The dome design offers an exceptional dispersion pattern to make for flexible installation and speaker location The Legatia L3 Pro has an outstanding extended frequency response the usable frequency range of this driver exceeds seven complete octaves of usable bandwidth on axis 250 Hz 13 000 Hz Even off axis the L3 Pro faithfully Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 14 of 43 recreates more than five full octaves of information for the ultimate small format midrange full range driver Suspension The surround is an extension of the fine Japanese treated cotton fabric which is highly c
55. ro system is installed you may wish to attempt some minor amplitude equalization between the left and right channels to achieve a more stable image that is not frequency dependent or perhaps to improve image placement or stage coherency Acoustic Treatment A considerable benefit can be made to any mobile audio system with the select placement of acoustic treatments The purpose of using acoustic treatments is to reduce the amount of reflected energy in the hostile automotive environment and hear more of the direct sound being emanated from the speaker It is akin to the signal to noise S N ratio in a piece of electronics where the signal could be considered the direct energy coming from the speaker and the noise could be considered the reflected waves off of nearby surfaces such as windows hard center consoles and door panels windscreens and etc A word of warning though there is a fine line between too little and too much Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 38 of 43 acoustic treatment just as some vehicles can benefit from some selectively applied treatments there is a point where the vehicle can begin to approach semi anechoic conditions and lose its liveliness which is not ideal Reflections are all around us and are a part of our day to day lives It is our opinion that some lateral reflection is a good thing it helps to establish stage boundaries and gives the recoded playback and more visceral and
56. s Legatia Pro Series Component Speakers Specifications Library amp Car Audio Reference Guide Contents Welcome NANO CON cR REPE 4 Legatia Pro Speaker Design Considerations 5 jare eR AMET M P ein 5 A o eser NPI uit NE ete bata 5 Bei c C A CDCR ET RR E A SPER 5 A aah Sem 6 Housing and Tuned Chamber ia a 6 Thiele Small Parameters INTO GO neo oie eth dot 7 Application to Thiele Small Parameters to Legatia Pro Designs eene 7 Enclosure Recommendations 7 Legatia LT PRO TVS OUST e 8 PISTON ia CMM ME 8 PACU S o E E hess E E t s AN 8 SSRI UD AU nen O E NETS 9 Mechanic PAW WN ti A A tit 10 Thiele Smiall Parameters 5 em aa a aaa e aa e aae 11 Frequency Response Graphemer Gos toe AA ae araea aani 12 Legatia L3
57. s within the body of the driver for effective reproduction of extremely low music tones One main mechanical reason the L3 Pro approximates a true monopole is the fact that the flange body of the driver is solid machined aluminum void of interstitial soaces which terminates resonances well The overall dimensions of the driver are very amenable for use in the car audio environment and in locations typical of the standard 83 inch and 4 inch drivers or in custom locations at the discretion of the end user boasting a depth of just 44mm 1 7 inch the same depth as the Stage VI Legatia L3SE and only 1mm deeper than its Legatia L3V2 counterpart The body features an integrated Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 13 of 43 tuned chamber discussed below to allow for mounting of the L3 Pro in a simple baffle without worry of separating front and back waves nor building an enclosure The rear of the body propagates diaphragm back pressure into the tuned chamber to provide adequate communication to the back of the dome for acoustic suspension and proper operation Housing and Tuned Chamber In addition to the aluminum body of the Pro series drivers the L3 Pro includes a cast polypropylene tuned and damped chamber at the rear of the motor assembly the damped chamber helps to reduce backwave distortion and significantly lower the Pro series driver s resonance frequency to allow it to be used to play tones near its r
58. to fix mechanical problems with mechanical solutions than it is use to electronics to fix mechanical problems However we realize that there is the occasion when there is little desire to try to mechanically optimize one s listening space and electronic manipulation is desired It is important to recognize that given the fundamentals of ITD and IID discussed previously time alignment is rendered virtually useless for frequencies above approximately 2 000 Hz Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 37 of 43 Scenario 2 In the second scenario the use of time correction is much more cognitive and shows great promise for countering the effects of group delay Group delay is impulse response over time Group delay increases significantly at low frequencies and is considerable in larger midbass and subwoofers An excellent use of time correction would be to delay the smaller Legatia Pro midranges and tweeters with respect to the larger midbass and subwoofers so that the low frequency delay of these drivers is synchronized in the time domain with the output of the midrange and treble frequencies Scenario 3 The final scenario is time alignment between pairs of drivers When employing multiple drivers in order to achieve a unified listening experience within a vehicle it s usually a requirement to install the drivers at physically separated locations for example your midbass may be located in the doors and the midrange and
59. uminum and anodized black Dome The Pro L1 starts with an impregnated fine cloth silk dome diaphragm for a linear smooth frequency response with a treated silk surround to damp edge modes and resonances The Pro L1 is efficient exhibits low distortion and has a wide dispersion the dome is of exceptionally low mass and has an extremely high power handling with proper filtering The Pro L1 dome design is much less susceptible to mechanical deformation than other designs and yet yields a smooth response over the extent of its range Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 8 of 43 Motor The motor assembly is conventional dynamic with a 024 5 x 3 H NdFeB neodymium magnet structure to ensure a relatively small footprint size and shallow depth A perforated grille protects the dome The Pro L1 boasts a fully machined aluminum body the body is machined aluminum not cast aluminum The dense metal structure of the tweeter housing helps to reduce resonances within the body of the tweeter for effective reproduction of extremely low music tones Additionally the Pro L1 has a polypropylene tuned and damped chamber at the rear of the motor assembly the chamber helps to reduce backwave distortion and significantly lower the tweeter s resonance frequency to allow it to be used to play tones in the vocal spectrum if desired A machined aluminum P47 5mm knurled attachment nut at the base of the tweeter provides optimized clamping stren
60. use a phenomenon known as the precedence effect the brain can be easily fooled into thinking a sound stage is high with kick panel or floor mounted speakers a word to the wise the best place to put a set of speakers is not always up high as most vehicles do not offer an amicable location in the dashboard or a pillars for good image placement for both seated passengers especially in the critical frequencies sub 500 Hz In addition to the time equalized placement of the drivers the end user must also consider that above approximately 2 000 Hz intensity plays a key role in good sound staging and imaging Therefore the Legatia Pro midrange s should be placed in an area where intensity differences can be equalized either mechanically or electronically to ensure good imaging and sound staging The lesson to be learned is that like Lesson Two the Legatia Pro midrange should be placed as far forward from your listening position as possible and every effort should be made to optimize time and intensity domain characteristics of the installation Lesson Four Point Sourcing The term point sourcing is often used to describe the technique of having a single pair of speakers in an installation cover the majority of the critical middle band frequencies In many installation scenarios the Legatia Pro midrange could be considered a point source speaker driver because it has the ability to reproduce up to six octaves of tones Point sourcing if d
61. ver device that can be used with any Hybrid Audio speaker system to accommodate any number of different bespoke system designs At home in virtually any arrangement the L3x is Hybrid Audio Stage V high end three way passive crossover boasting exceptional performance and a design philosophy that goes hand in hand with true high fidelity playback Legatia Pro User s Manual OHybrid Audio Technologies Page 28 of 43 Mechanical Drawing 120 00 Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 29 of 43 Frequency Filter Plot Voltage vs Freq 49 L3x 66 L3x MID 3dB 69 L3x TW 3dB 64 L3x WF 67 L3x TW 3dB 65 L3x MID 0dB 68 L3x TW 0dB Legatia Pro User s Manual Hybrid Audio Technologies Page 30 of 43 Advanced System Installation Hybrid Audio Technologies has prepared a more advanced topical discussion of Legatia Pro installation techniques concepts and principals where a little bit of additional installation work can net immense gains in overall sound quality There are certainly many things you can do to improve your mobile audio system such as addition of amplification a dedicated subwoofer system higher gauge speaker wire and higher end passive crossovers and active crossovers All of these things require an additional amount of monetary investment into your audio system and may n
62. ximately 150 Hz to 6 000 Hz Taking the above into account your desired crossover frequency for the Legatia Pro midrange should be one that allows the midrange to play as much of the audible spectrum of the spoken voice to ensure point source delivery of the tones and pinpoint image definition In many cases this would be around 320 400 Hz for high pass and around 6 000 Hz or higher for low pass In all cases the chosen crossover frequencies should be evaluated for sonic character while balancing distortion and power compression at high amplitude levels Time Correction It is our humble opinion that time correction should only be used in three different circumstances 1 When the installer recognizes that a vehicle cannot image properly from both seated positions and it seems more plausible to make the vehicle stage and image well from only one seated position 2 To counter the effects of group delay 3 Time alignment between pairs of drivers Scenario 1 The first scenario is rather elementary If a vehicle is too small to achieve equalized PLD s it doesn t lend itself well to equalized PLD s or the vehicle s owner doesn t wish to embark on physical reconstruction of the car to achieve optimized PLD s it is a good use of time correction to make the vehicle image well from the single seated position It should be noted that it is Hybrid Audio s opinion that it is always better to improve the car mechanically and attempt

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