Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices
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1. USING MENTOR EMBEDDED SOURCERY PROBE TO PROGRAM FLASH DEVICES KATHLEEN OLIVER TECHNICAL MARKETING ENGINEER HOW TO WHITEPAPER E M B E D D E D S O F T W A R E www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices INTRODUCTION Use the flash programming utility to program NOR flash memory on your ARM or MIPS target system using a Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe MESP The flash utility is downloaded to the target system using Sourcery Probe and Mentor Embedded Sourcery CodeBench and runs on the target system It enables you to erase and program NOR flash memory devices on the target through your JTAG port This document explains the steps to set up and use the flash programming utility Note that the Sourcery CodeBench Debug Sprite for ARM targets also supports programming of flash memory on the target When used with an appropriate linker script and board configuration flash programming is automatic when you load your program in the debugger However this does not allow you to erase devices but it does enable you to write only compiled applications one at a time to the target The Flash Utility enables you to both erase and program anything at any location on your flash device FLASH UTILITY AN OVERVIEW The Flash Utility is a program that is downloaded to and run on the target board using a MESP It uses the Semi Hosting feature to do the following m Display flash conf2. EREREREREERER EER RERRERE 8 Configure your flash settings The flash configuration settings must be correct for the Flash Utility to work properly The following sections explain how to set the flash settings NOTE If configuration file for your target exists in your workspace with the following name targetflash_be cfg Big Endian or targetflash_le cfg Little Endian the Flash Utility will automatically load it when it starts a Make the Console that contains the Target Flash Programmer large enough to see everything b Type 1 in the Console to set the Flash Device First it will ask for the flash part vendor then it will ask for the flash device type For some flash parts it will also ask for the device width 8 vs 16 bit and sector organization top vs bottom boot mode After you set the flash type the Flash Utility will display the new flash configuration settings so you can check The Sector Groups Sector Count and Sector Size fields should reflect the details of the part type that you selected c Return to the Main menu d Type 3 to set the Device Base Address and set it to the first address of the flash device e Optionally type 4 to set a Device Offset 9 Type 10 to display the Configuration menu and then select 9 to save your configuration settings to a file that you can load the next time you run the Flash Utility a This creates targetflash_be cfg Big Endian or targetflash_le cfg Little Endian in your projec
3. all of the device to verify that the area or device is erased or to search for erased and programmed sections The Erase Device option erases every sector of your flash part s The Erase Image Sector s option erases the sectors corresponding to the image address Programming Use the Program menu to back up the flash part to a file to program the image file into flash or to search for programmed sections This menu also provides options to erase the whole device or the sectors corresponding to the image address prior to programming the selected file Special Modes Some target boards require special programming modes For example it may be necessary to XOR the address with 2 or 3 to ensure the flash command bytes are routed to the data bus byte lanes that are used by the flash device s This is a function of the processor s bus interface and endian mode of your memory system NOTE If your target requires special handling of address bits 1 0 set the XOR option accordingly via the XOR Address option in the Program menu Please refer to your processor documentation for more information about this potential requirement It may also be desirable to byte swap the image being programmed backed up saved from flash to a file or verified Byte swapping may be set using the Swap options in the Program menu www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices Diagnostic Menu Use the Diagnostic m
4. ded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices l Click to select your Sourcery CodeBench Configuration Board Specify the desired Sourcery CodeBench project properties below Board MIPS Malta Profile 3 A F Hosting 4 Processor Default MIPS32r2 Endianness Big endian Instruction Encoding MIPS32 Floating Point Hardware Code Readable Code Readable FPU 32 Bit Selected libraries MIPS32 revision 2 Big Endian 032 d Click Finish to create the project 3 Import the Flash Utility source code target_flash c into your project workspace TIP Click target_flash c above to downloaod the source or go to http go mentor com probeflash a Select File gt Import This opens the Import wizard b Select General gt Existing Projects and click Next c Select the file to import and click Finish 4 To build the application right click the project and select Build Project 5 Create a Debug Launch configuration so you can download the flash utility to your target run it a Select your project and select Run gt Debug Configurations This opens the Debug Configurations dialog box www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices b Right click Sourcery CodeBench Debug and select New type filter text E C C Application E C C Attach to Application E C C Postmortem Debugger E C C Remote Application Launch Group D
5. enu if you need to test the special modes listed above or if you need to check basic flash functionality Timeouts Flash operations such as erase and program are performed by writing a command to the flash part then polling the flash part for status Most flash operations take much longer to complete than the single bus cycle that it takes to initiate them so polling for status is how the Flash Utility determines when it can advance to the next operation If there is some problem with the hardware the flash operation might never be able to complete so the Flash Utility employs a timeout mechanism to abort if it appears that an operation will not complete However since the Flash Utility is a generic program meant to run on any target that has sufficient RAM it does not have a real time base to use for the timeout Instead it uses a large loop counter which means the actual timeout period is a function of the speed of the processor On particularly fast processors the timeout may occur too soon even though the flash operation would eventually complete In this case you can increase the timeout period for the various flash operations using the Configuration menu For additional information please visit mentor com embedded For the latest product information call us or visit AMA MSN O RA ee re o a 02011 Mentor Graphics Corporation all rights reserved This document contains information that is proprietary to Mentor Graphics Corporatio
6. he MESP User Command file mips cavium_cn38xx evb nic4 w cn38xx evb nic4 w maj Browse Manual to create one CPU ID Endianness E Log file Browse Core lt Filter matched 8 of 8 items O f Set the Debug Interface to Sourcery Probe i Enter the Hostname or IPADDRESS of your probe ii Select your Board This should Populate the Debugger Options for you Verify that they are correct iii NOTE You must run this utility in hosted mode on MIPS targets and semihosting mode on ARM targets These are the default options for MESP Do not deselect them iv Click Apply www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices 6 Click Debug to download the flash utility to your target and run it This opens the Debug perspective in the CodeBench IDE If you see the dialog box below click Yes 7 By default the debugger stops at Main click to run the Flash Utility The Flash Utility displays the flash configuration settings similar to the ones below in the target flash Debug console KKKEREKRERR EERE ERR ADC CADA RR Target Flash Programmer v3 1 4 1 LE Flash Device AT49BV6416B x16 8MEG Boot Bottom Devices 1 Series 1 Parallel 1 Total Sector Groups 2 Sector Count 8 127 Sector Size 8K 64K bytes Device Base 0x10000000 Device Offset 0x00000000 Device Buffer 0 bytes max 0 ARCADE RCA CADA EERE EERE EERE EREREREREER
7. iguration settings such as flash device type and base address m Provide menus to control the flash settings and perform flash functions such as erase and program m Read the flash image binary file over JTAG when programming or verifying the image m Write the flash image to a file over JTAG when backing up the flash image to disk NOTE Since the Flash Utility runs from RAM on the target board it must be possible to download it into RAM Usually this means the memory controller must be initialized prior to running the Flash Utility If your board has good working boot code then it will perform this initialization However if there is no boot code or bad boot code then you may need to use the MESP to initialize the memory controller This is accomplished by running a board initialization script For more information see the Sourcery Probe Target Initialization Scripts topic in Chapter 2 of the Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe User s Manual WARNING Before erasing the boot code on your board make sure you have a suitable memory controller initialization script or it may be very difficult to get back to the point where you can install new boot code GETTING STARTED Since the Flash Utility runs on the target board it is downloaded and run via a debugger This section explains how to set up the environment for running the Flash Utility using the Sourcery CodeBench IDE and MESP NOTE This utility is compatible only with the Fall 2011 release of So
8. m Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices IMAGE SETTINGS After displaying the flash settings the Flash Utility displays the image settings ARCA RCA CADA CA EER EERE EERE EER EER ER EERERER EERE ERERERRERERRERRE Filename test bin File Offset O 0x00000000 File Length O 0x00000000 Image Size O 0x00000000 Image Address 0x10000000 Image Buffer 0x00800000 bytes Enabled KEKERKEKRER EERE ERE EERE EERE ERR ER EREEREREREREREREERER ER RERRERR Image Filename The Filename is the file to program into the flash part s To specify the image filename including the path to the file select the Image Filename option in the main menu File Length The File Length field is automatically set when you choose the image filename and you can not change it except by choosing a different file Image Size Normally the Image Size should be set to match the file length but you can use that setting to constrain the amount of flash being programmed if upper sections need to be preserved or to operate on the entire flash instead of just the part corresponding to the image file To set the image size select the Image Size option in the main menu Image Address The Image Address field shows the range of flash memory that is occupied by the selected image size The start address is the Device Base address plus Device Offset the end of the range is the start address plus the image size the e
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10. nd address is not shown if the image size is 0 File Offset The File Offset field allows you to start programming part way through the file instead of starting with the first byte of the file For example you could skip over a header that was prepended to the file Normally this option should be set to 0 Image Buffer This is an advanced setting that is optional It allows a copy of the image file to be saved locally when the device is programmed so the program verify operation can complete faster If your target has at least twice as much RAM as flash and you are programming a large flash image then you might want to enable the image buffer www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices To set up an image buffer select the Configuration menu and select Image Buffer to display the following menu ARCA RCA CASADA CARACA DADA CADA RRA IMAGE BUFFER MENU 1 Enable Image Buffer 2 Use malloc For Image Buffer 3 Image Buffer Size 4 Image Buffer Address 5 Test Image Buffer Memory HARRY First set the Image Buffer Size to the flash device size or total size if you have multiple devices For MIPS targets set the Image Buffer Address to 1Meg above the start of your RAM area For ARM and XScale targets chose the option to Use malloc For Image Buffer Then enable the image buffer and optionally test it FLASH UTILITY OPERATIONS Erasing Use the Erase menu to erase part or
11. t workspace b Type O to return to the Main menu www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices 10 Configure the Image Settings for the image that you will write to your flash device a From the Main Menu type 2 and enter the Image Filename of the image to write to your flash device b Optionally if you want to start programming part way through the file instead of starting with the first byte of the file from the Main Menu type 3 to specify a File Offset c If you want to save your image settings from the Main Menu Type 10 to display the Configuration menu and type 9 to save your configuration settings to a file that you can load the next time you run the Flash Utility 11 Use the Flash Utility to program erase and verify your device For a list of operations see Flash Utility Operations FLASH CONFIGURATION SETTINGS Flash Device To set the Flash Device select the Flash Type option 1 from the main menu First it will ask for the flash part vendor then it will ask for the flash device type For some flash parts it will also ask for the device width 8 vs 16 bit and sector organization top vs bottom boot mode After you set the flash type the Flash Utility will display the new flash configuration settings so you can check The Sector Groups Sector Count and Sector Size fields should reflect the details of the part type that you selected Multiple Devices If yo
12. uplicate Sourcery Cod x Delete c Select the new debug configuration This displays the Main tab d In the Main tab of the launch configuration select your project and select the flash utility application SB x E 3 type filter text E C C Application E C C Attach to Applica E C C Postmortem Debi Debug target_flash E C C Remote Applicati Project Launch Group a Sourcery CodeBench Dek target flash Debuef Build if required before launching Sourcery CodeBench Det C C Application target flash Build configuration Debug Select configuration using C C Application Enable auto build Disable auto build 9 Use workspace www mentor com Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices e Select the Debugger tab s exlesr type filter text E Main 69 Arguments PS Environment 5 Debugger y Source E Common E C C Application E C C Attach to Application Debug interface Sourcery Probe E E C C Postmortem Debugger Probe hostname 134 86 160 183 E C C Remote Application Name target_flash Debug tworkspace_loc target_flash octeon xml If a Command File Matches project settings does not exist start Debugger Options with the template and l i Sourcery Probe Startup Memory Map follow the instructions in t
13. ur board has two flash devices of the same type connected in series or in parallel the Flash Utility can operate on them together You can select two in a series or two in parallel via the Flash Device menu NOTE They are connected in parallel if they occupy different byte lanes on the data bus and can be accessed simultaneously They are connected in series if they are connected to the same byte lane s and the first address of the second part comes immediately after the last address of the first device Device Buffer Many newer flash devices provide a write buffer to faster programming When you select the flash device the Flash Utility sets the Device Buffer to the size of the write buffer for that part or 0 if the part has no write buffer During flash programming the Flash Utility uses buffered write mode if the device buffer is non zero or normal write mode if the device buffer is zero If you experience trouble programming a part but you are able to erase it then you may need to change the device buffer size in the Flash Device menu Device Base Set the Device Base should to the first address of the flash device no matter whether you want to program all or just part of your flash device This can be set from the main menu Device Offset The Device Offset should normally be 0 unless your flash image will only occupy upper sectors of the flash part and you do not want to erase or program the lower sectors www mentor co
14. urcery CodeBench for ARM EABI and Sourcery CodeBench for MIPS ELF PREREQUISITES m A CodeBench board support file CS3 for your target must exist see Chapter 6 of the CodeBench Getting Started manual for a list of supported boards If your board is not on the list use the CodeBench Board Builder to create a custom board definition and linker scripts m A MESP initialization script for your target must exist If one does not exist refer to the MESP User Manual for information on creating one eee E Using Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe to Program Flash Devices m You must run this utility in hosted mode on MIPS targets and semihosting mode on ARM targets PROCEDURE 1 Start Sourcery CodeBench 2 Create a new empty project for your target a Select File gt NEW gt C Project This opens the C Project wizard b Enter project information and click Next C Project 1 Enter a project Create C project of selected type as name a Project name loca 2 Select Empty Po Project A Executable Sourcery CodeBench for MIPS ELF amp Factorial Project Shared Library Static Library gt Makefile project Show project types and toolcha A Click Next n the platform d ma ne Finish c Enter information about your target NOTE If your Board does not exist use the Board Builder to create a CS3 file for your target www mentor com Using Mentor Embed
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