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LabScribe Data Acquisition Software Manual.

1. Data from the Analysis or ScopeView windows can be saved in Text txt Matlab mat Axon Text Format atf or DADiSP dat format 95 A Acquisition i Add Data to Journal 40 Advanced 38 aliasing 9 Amplitude 22 Analysis 6 ABS Integral 67 Area 67 70 Integral 67 Max 67 Max Min 67 Mean 67 Min 67 Power 57 Analysis window 8 21 39 40 42 93 94 Area 67 ASCII 7 Auto Find 40 Auto Mark 40 AutoScale 5 24 Avg dv dt 66 Axon 7 B Baseline Tracking 45 bitmap 7 Block Down 35 Block Up 35 Block Down 61 Block Up 61 C Calculated channels 8 50 Cardiac 8 58 Cardiac Angle 58 Channel Math 8 Channels 38 Chart i 16 Copy 7 Cursor 6 cursors 20 behavior of 21 modes 20 21 LabScribe DataAcquisition Software Manual moving 21 Cut 7 Cycle Maximum 51 Cycle Mean 51 Cycle Minimum 51 D DAC 77 79 DADiSP 7 differential 8 Digital Inputs 48 Digital Outputs 48 Digital to Analog Converters DAC 75 Display Time 4 6 Display Views Bar 38 Doc Properties 37 Double Display Time 5 6 22 dual cursor mode 5 7 11 21 26 dvl dt 66 E Edit menu 7 91 93 EEG 6 59 Events 49 88 Export 66 exporting data 7 cutting copying and pasting 93 printing 7 93 saving and saving as 93 External Trigger 17 F FFT 8 9 57 File menu 7 37 38 93 Filter 6 57 Find 40 first derivative 8 Frequency 6 51 70 FullScale 24 Function 8 G Gain Telegraph 50 Grid 39 H Half Displ
2. As in the Main window data can be scrolled using the bar at the bottom of the Analysis window The user can also move forward and backward through the recording a block of data at a time by clicking on one of the B buttons at either end of the scroll bar in the Analysis window By default the Analysis window displays Channel Amplitude data on the Y axis and Time on the X axis Data on any channel can be substituted for Time by selecting a Channel Title from the list box in the lower right hand corner of the Analysis window Figure 3 16 on page 33 In this way XY or XYY plots can be constructed When the Analysis window is in XY mode the functions or calculations available in the Table Functions list change to choices more appropriate for the XY plot This is discussed in greater detail in the Analysis chapter 33 The XY Window The FFT Window Data can be imported into the XY window from the Main window using the Dual Cursors The data to be transferred to the XY window is selected by placing the cursors on either side of the data of interest Once the data is selected it is transferred from the Main to XY window when the XY icon is selected from the LabScribe toolbar or XY View is selected from the Window menu In the XY window there are two linear displays Y T and an XY plot Y1 Y2 The linear displays are plots of the amplitudes Y values as a function of time for the channels selected for the XY plot The channels to be
3. Chapter 1 Analysis 67 Copy Export The Loop functions assume that the XY plot is a loop The area enclosed by the loop is returned by the Loop_Closed function The Loop_Open function closes a nearly complete loop with a line This function returns the area enclosed by the loop To copy the view of the data displayed in the XY View window use the Copy command in the and Print XY Edit menu The image can be pasted into any program including the Journal that supports the View Window Clipboard FFT To export the data viewed use the Export command in the File menu Select the format of the file from the list at the bottom of the Export File window To print the data viewed use the Print command in the File menu The print range which is either the selection in the XY View window or all the data can be selected in the Print window FFT is short for Fast Fourier Transform a mathematical operation that displays recorded data as the relative amplitudes of the frequency components that make up the recorded signal FFT plots have Frequency on the X axis and the Power amplitude contained in each frequency on the Y axis FFT is used to determine the relative strengths of frequency components in a raw signal For example in the EEG studies the Alpha band is frequently mentioned Alpha waves are EEG signals with frequencies between 8 and 13 Hz If a FFT is performed on an EEG recording that has a high number of Alpha waves the FFT will show
4. LabScribe Manual Introduction Welcome Thank you for choosing Worx LabScribe Data Recording and Analysis Software Developed over a 5 year period LabScribe software is the result of more than seventy man years of collective experience in data recording We are confident that this software will make your data recording and analysis easier and welcome suggestions for improving our products Please contact us with comments concerns or suggestions at 800 234 1757 or via e mail at Support iworx com How to Use This User s Guide This User s Guide assumes you know how to operate your computer and are familiar with basic Windows terminology The Table of Contents lists each chapter and its contents You can use it or the index to locate pages on a particular subject The Appendix provides some useful reference materials We have divided the subject matter into categories and explained each in detail but if you d rather cut to the chase The Quick Start chapter should have you recording data in less than an hour System Requirements LabScribe recording software requires a Pentium II level computer running Windows 98 Windows ME Windows 2000 or Windows XP with at least 128 megabytes of RAM and at least 50 megabytes of free space on your hard drive The preferred processor is a Pentium IIl or Pentium 4 with AGP graphics card 256 megabytes of RAM running Windows 98 Me or Windows 2K XP The minimum recommended system config uration
5. Delay 0 Starting Amplitude 1V Ending Amplitude 1V Number of Steps 8 Step Width 100 ms Inter Step Width 0 Holding Potential 0 4 These settings will create a wave form that starts at 1 Volt and climbs to 1Volt in eight steps each step has a voltage increment of 0 25V and 100ms wide 5 Press the Start button The resulting wave would be similar to the step wise elevation of output amplitude seen in Figure 6 7 on page 80 ee iF ae la E a Figure 6 7 An example of a continuous step protocol 6 To create a step protocol where the voltage returns to a baseline value between steps alter the Inter Step Width to a number greater than zero The resulting wave would be similar to 80 that seen in Figure 6 8 on page 81 Figure 6 8 An example of a step protocol punctuated by returns to baseline between steps 7 A Constant voltage protocol can be combined with the Step protocol to have the voltage return to a different baseline after the completion of the step sequence For example setting the Holding Potential in the sample step protocol to 500mV would cause the output amplitude of the stimulator to return to 500mvV at the end of the step sequence Subsequent firings of the protocol would begin from the new baseline of 500mV drop to the Start Amplitude in the example 1V step to the End Amplitude 1V and then return to the Holding Potential of 500mV The Selecting the Stimulator Panel item in the View menu Figur
6. Display Time 05 sec um Channels E Set Scale Calibration eee Mode Function Ymae Ymn Faw Cal Unit Channel 1 BNC Stim 1 5 E i Volts E gt gi Figure 6 2 Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window set for the pulse mode example 2 Goto the Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window select Pulses from the box in the upper left corner of the page 3 Enter the following values into the appropriate boxes on the Stimulator page Delay 100msec an arbitrary value Amplitude 1V Number of Pulses O for continuous Pulse Width Sms Pulse Frequency 100 Hz These settings will create a protocol that delivers continuous square waves with 1V amplitude and 100Hz frequency 76 An Example of a Burst of Pulses Train Protocol 4 Press the Start button The DAC will wait 100 milliseconds the Delay value entered and begin to deliver 5ms pulses at the rate of 100 pulses per second Each pulse will be 1V high These pulse parameters can be adjusted in any way with one exception the pulse width cannot be longer than the inverse of the frequency or the period In this example the 100Hz square wave delivers 100 events or pulses every second Therefore each single event or pulse must occur in 1 100th of a second which is a 10ms period In this example the pulse width cannot be longer than the period of 10ms or the pulse will overlap the next pulse The percentage of the period occupied by the pulse wid
7. Do this by pulling down the Settings Menu selecting Load Group and selecting the settings group that will receive the transferred settings files Next to find the settings group that will be donating settings to the first group pull down the Settings Menu again select Edit Group and click the Append button in the Edit Settings Group window An Open window appears this window allows the user to browse the computer for the donor settings group Select the donor group and click the Open button on this window All the settings files from the donor group and the links to the helper files associated with these setting files are added to the list for the recipient group Use the Remove and Rename buttons to alter the revised list of setting files in the recipient group A settings group with its associated helper files can be exported to a folder on the computer or a folder containing a settings group from another computer can be imported Settings groups on a computer where LabScribe is used can be exported transferred and imported into LabScribe folder on another computer To export a settings group pull down the Settings menu and select Load Group Highlight the name of settings group to be exported on the list in the Load Settings Group dialogue window Click the Export button on this window A Save As window will open The Save As window can be used to browse for a second settings group or it can be used to pick a destination folder f
8. amplifiers and transducers have a knob that positions the baseline of the recording on the screen Positioning control permits the centering of the signal which makes measurements more convenient or the lowering of the baseline to accommodate the display of a signal that has more gain applied to it The availability of the AutoScale feature in the LabScribe software reduces the need for a positioning knob In fact the very low noise of the Worx 214 118 makes positioning controls unnecessary as signals are automatically centered and expanded to fill the recording screen when the AutoScale button is clicked Filters can be set to remove certain frequencies from signals Hopefully the frequency infor mation removed when the filters are applied is noise and not part of the signal of interest There are two basic types of electronic filters Low Pass and High Pass When used in combination with each other these filters can create either Band Pass or Band Reject Notch filters By definition Low Pass filters PASS only those frequencies beLOW the set frequency For example in an electrocardiogram a large percentage of the ECG signal information is contained in frequencies below 40Hz A significant noise source in such recordings is the 60Hz line voltage 110V AC power or mains used to power equipment and lights A 50Hz Low Pass filter would allow all frequencies below 50Hz including lots of ECG information to pass to the recorder but would ex
9. eries or experimental interventions Information about the experiment that is important but not time critical can be marked on the recording after the recording is completed An example of the type of comment to be added to the record would be a change in room temperature To add this information to the record after recording is completed select the Single Cursor mode from the LabScribe toolbar Position the single cursor bar on the record where the mark is to be positioned Type the text a maximum of 50 characters associated with the new mark on the Mark line in the Main window Click the Mark button and the mark and its text comment are inserted at the position of the cursor Marks already on the record can be changed by going to the Marks window available from the Window menu or the LabScribe toolbar The Marks window is a dialogue box containing a list of all marks in a record Figure 3 14 on page 29 EDIT ark 0 18 55 4 lark 0 20 3 959 Mark l 0 41 2 364 Markl 0 41 3 324 Maki 0 41 4 159 Markit 0 41 4 925 Mark 5 0 41 25 4 Mark HE 0 41 26 5 Markit 0 41 27 3 Markie 0 41 27 9 Mak g Delete Ex pork Lolo Cancel OF Figure 3 14 The LabScribe Marks window 29 Navigating By Marks To edit a mark highlight the mark change the text of the comment associated with the mark in the edit box at the top of the window and click the Edit button in the upper left hand corner of the window Marks can
10. speed that is fast enough for the data being recorded When the sampling speed is set in the LabScribe software the hardware is being told what the time interval between samples will be For example 100 samples per second equals one sample every 10 milliseconds To avoid creating displays that may be misleading a simple question about the sampling interval needs to be asked Is there a chance that something important has occurred between the sample points If the answer is yes then the sampling speed must be increased in order to see and record that event In the example presented in Figure 2 1 on page 9 a sine wave with a frequency of 100Hz is sent to the ADC In the screen on the left the data points recorded by an ADC set to the same sampling speed as the frequency of the sine wave are marked TAPP aa MAAMA Figure 2 1 A 100Hz sine wave recorded at 100Hz The samples coincide with the peaks of waves so the data points can be connected by a straight line Because the sine wave has the same frequency as the sampling rate each recorded data point occurs at the same place in each cycle of the sine wave In the screen on the right a straight line is the result when the data points are connected by a line The line is a false repre sentation of the real data which is a sine wave To fix the problem and render a better picture of the data a faster sampling rate is required If the sampling rate is increased to 110 samples a seco
11. the accuracy of the measurement is deter mined by how many gradations are printed on the ruler Clearly a ruler with gradations every eighth of an inch is more precise than a ruler with only a gradation every inch The more lines or gradations there are per unit of measure the more accurate the ruler If the ADC is considered to be a ruler for voltage then its resolution its number of grada tions is determined by a parameter called bit depth In an 8 bit word or byte there are 256 28 different possibilities for the value of the byte A 9 bit word has twice that many possibilities 512 a 10 bit word has four times as many 1024 and so on The ADC used in the Worx 104 204 114 is 12 bit providing 4 096 different possibil ities for measurement Since the input range of the 12 bit 204 104 114 ADC is fixed at 5V a full scale difference of 10V the minimum measurement that can be made with an iWorx 204 104 114 unit is 10V 4 096 which is about 2 4 milliVolts On the other hand the Worx 214 118 uses a 16 bit ADC providing 65 536 different possibilities Since the input range of the Worx 214 unit is 10V which can be divided by 65 536 the minimum measurement that the Worx 214 can make is 152uV In the case of the Worx 118 the minimum measurement is 304uV because the Worx 118 has a input range of 10V a full scale difference of 20V with 16 bit resolution It is important to realize that it is not possible to make a mea
12. 40Hz in this example Higher sampling rates give better pictures at the expense of making data files larger Therefore choosing a proper sampling speed must be a balance between the accurate portrayal of the data and the unwieldy size of the data file The default sampling speed set in the LabScribe software is 200 samples per second This is adequate to execute most of the laboratory experiments presented in the laboratory manuals furnished with the Worx teaching kits If sampling speeds are set manually it is always best to start sampling the data at the fastest speed possible then slowly reduce the sampling rate to a speed where data initially begins to degrade Finally set the sampling speed Sampling Speed am just above the rate that initially cause degradation See J the examples of pulse waves sampled at different Banal frequencies in the appendix Titles 10 Sampling rates are set from the Sampling Speed menu on 1 Channel the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window The Preferences dialogue window is called by selecting Preferences from the Edit Menu Channels Sampling Stimulator Fur 2 Channel2 The speeds displayed in the Sampling Speed menu are rates per second per channel This menu is dynamic the maximum available sampling speed will adjust depending on how many channels are open 3 Flow 4 Volume Make sure the Display Time as programmed on the Channels page of the Preferences dia
13. Channel 2 LabScribe can be programmed to do these calculations because all the points of view in a 6 lead ECG are in the same plane frontal of the body and each lead can be considered as a vector So if any two of limb leads are recorded the other four leads can be calculated from them The Cardiac submenu also includes four other functions The Cardiac Angle function is available which can calculate the vector of the cardiac depolarization that passes through the interventricular septum Three Power functions which are special cases of the general power function described earlier are also available These three power functions are useful for heart 58 Activating Cardiac Functions EEG Activating EEG Functions Stimulator Display Activating Stimulator Display Chapter 1 Analysis rate variability HRV analysis Low Frequency LF Power 0 04 0 15 Hz High Frequency HF Power 0 18 0 4 Hz and Total Power are each calculated from the transformation of a tachogram of an ECG on one of the raw data channels To use the Cardiac functions right click on the display area of the channel where the function is to be displayed Select Cardiac from Lead ave the right click menu and a submenu appears Select one of the Lead ayF functions in the submenu To calculate Leads Ill aVL aVF or aVR Angle automatically Leads and II must be recorded on Channels 1 and HRY Powert0 04 0 15 2 respectively Angle and the HRV Powe
14. However there are many sensors that can have their offset changed by ambient conditions such as changing barometric pressure To correct for sensor offset determine the value in converted units that LabScribe reports on the screen when the sensor should be reading zero Enter this value in the offset area of the Units Conversion dialogue window 27 Inverting the Trace Marks Hame Volts Figure 3 13 The Units Conversion dialogue window showing offset only boxes Sometimes it is necessary to keep the units conversion relationship and change the offset like turning the offset control on an amplifier For example if we want to set a particular region to zero set the two cursors around the desired region of data Select Units from the right click menu Choose offset only from the drop down menu Figure 3 13 on page 28 The average value between the two cursors can now be set to the required offset value zero in this example Units can also be set from the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window Each channel can be set with the conversion factors provided by the transducer manufacturer see the section on Preferences in this manual All of the recorded data acquired by the hardware as raw data are displayed as voltages From time to time it may be desirable to turn off the Units Conversion and simply view the raw data To view raw data open the Units Conversion dialogue window Figure 3 11 on page 27 Not
15. Il Converthle Axis Data Display Area Figure 1 2 The common controls of each channel in the LabScribe Main window The main controls for the LabScribe program are located in the Preferences dialogue windows in the Edit Menu Controls are also found on the right click menu of each channel The Preferences dialogue pages are used to control basic program parameters such as the outputs sample speed and recording mode The right click menu is generally used to manip ulate the raw data through online functions such as transformations that convert the raw data to rates integrals derivatives and more From the Preferences dialogue pages parameters controlling the Channels Sampling Stimulator s computed Functions and Output Sequences can be set For example the number of channels to be displayed in the Main window and their titles the sampling rate and the display width of the screen can be set from this dialogue window Many more parameters some explained in other sections of this manual can be set from the Preferences pages These parameters can also be saved as a settings file to be used again and again to perform the same experiment The creation of groups of settings and the actual settings themselves is accomplished through the functions of the Settings Menu Chapter 1 Quick Start 5 The Channel Right Click Menu Saving Data Navigating Data From the channel right click menu some of the parameters also controlled
16. Y axis values Calibration Used to convert 2 raw data values to 2 corresponding calculated values using a linear scale For more information refer to the Units Conversion section Units Name of the units to which the raw data has been converted Stimulator Page Pulse Off Pulse Pulse Width ms Constant Voltage Delay lo ris Amplitude lo Volts Frequency 100 Hz Number of li Pulses Figure 4 13 The Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 104 108 204 Off Turn the stimulator off Pulse Enables Pulse mode Constant Voltage Set Stimulator to put out a constant voltage Refer to the Stimulator section for more information on stimulator parameters Functions Page Penodic Threshold A J50 Tolerance of MaxMin Threshold Tolerance of Max Min 1 Baseline Tracking slow fast Figure 4 14 The Periodic section of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 104 108 204 44 Network Page For on line Periodic functions like rate and frequency there are Threshold and Tolerance levels that the raw data must meet or exceed for these functions to accurately determine the values of the computed parameters Threshold and Tolerance levels can be adjusted on this page Off line the parameter known as Baseline Tracking can be set to track the speed at which periodic changes in the baseline occur Integral Reset Every sec U for no reset 30 Use First i 0 points as zer
17. a spike or a higher amplitude Power at the frequencies in the Alpha band The LabScribe software can perform Fast Fourier Transforms on selected pieces of recorded data in the FFT window Like other analysis windows Analysis ScopeView XY View the data used in the FFT is selected from the Main window by using cursors to bracket the data region of interest Then the FFT window is called either from the Windows menu or by clicking the FFT icon on the toolbar at the top of the Main window The selected data is moved to the Linear Display area in the FFT window where adjustments can be made which optimize the size of the FFT plot To insure problem free operation of the FFT function there are a couple of rules to keep in mind 1 The mathematical underpinnings of digital sampling which makes the LabScribe software work begin with a criteria known as the Nyquist Sampling Theorem Harry Nyquist showed that the SAMPLING RATE MUST BE AT LEAST TWICE THE HIGHEST FREQUENCY IN THE SAMPLE to recon struct the original signal and capture its fundamental frequency The converse of this rule is that the FASTEST FREQUENCY THAT CAN BE RELIABLY RECORDED IS A HALF OF THE SAMPLING RATE If a recording was made at 1000 samples per second the maximum frequency that could be recorded reliably would be 500Hz If a recording was made at 100 samples per second the maximum frequency that could be recorded reliably would be 50Hz When a FFT is performed on data re
18. and applies them to problems in the windows where the cursors are used Cursor Modes Cursors are vertical lines that pass through all channels The LabScribe software has two cursors Icons in the toolbar allow you to choose between using Single Cursor or Dual Cursor modes Figure 3 3 on page 20 Cursors can also be garaged or placed all the way to the left hand side of the data so they measure or report nothing Cursors in the LabScribe software are always in one of three modes garaged single or dual 2 Cursors 1 curser Figure 3 3 Cursor controls on the LabScribe Main window toolbar 20 Moving Cursors Behavior of Cursors Exercise Chapter 3 Display To access Single Cursor mode press the Single Cursor icon Figure 3 3 on page 20 in the toolbar In this mode the value of the data point on each channel that is intersected by the cursor bar is reported in the Value Display area on the right side of each channel bar The time for the position of the cursor is reported in the Clock Area in the upper left hand corner of the Main window Single Cursor mode is used to determine values and to place marks in the record after recording has stopped To access Dual Cursor mode press the Dual Cursor icon Figure 3 3 on page 20 in the toolbar In this mode the Value Display area reports the difference in value between Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 In a similar way the Clock Area reports the difference in time between the
19. are displayed in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the ScopeView window The ScopeView window can only operate on the data points from one channel at a time Select the channel to be analyzed from the Value from pop down menu in the upper left corner of the ScopeView window 64 Tiled or Stacked Display Right Click Menu in the Scope View Window Table Functions Vi V2 TI Tz V2 V1 T2 T1 Max Min Mean Max Min Area Integral and ABS_Integral Chapter 1 Analysis By default the sweeps selected for display are presented in Tiled mode Each sweep is displayed in its own area By clicking the Stacked box in the left margin of the ScopeView window selected sweeps can be overlaid on the same set of axes Right click in the display area of the ScopeView window to bring up a menu like the one in Figure 5 12 on page 65 Selecting Add Title to Journal sends the names of the analyses calculations being performed and displayed at the top of the ScopeView window to the Journal Selecting Add Data to Journal sends the calculated values from these analyses to the Journal The right click menu also gives the user the option to Zoom In or Zoom Out to refine the selection As before cursors are used to determine the portions of the data to be zoomed to full screen The Zoom In function will expand the area between the cursors to full screen When the Zoom Out function is used the original screen of the ScopeView wi
20. autoscaled and tiled in the data display area one sweep beneath the other Clicking the Stacked radio box will overlay the selected sweeps in the ScopeView window Since AutoScale is always enabled in the ScopeView window the stacked sweeps will be autoscaled on the same Y axis At the bottom of the ScopeView window the average of all selected sweeps is displayed Many of the same tools in the Main window are also available in the ScopeView window These include Display Time controls Marks which are the same as the ones positioned in the Main window Dual Cursor mode Single Cursor mode is unavailable and scroll bars to fine tune the area of data upon which the selected functions will operate Data in the ScopeView window can be operated upon by the functions in the table on the left side of the ScopeView window Again the Dual Cursors are positioned on the left and right edges of the data to be analyzed LabScribe will immediately calculate and display values for the selected parameters in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the ScopeView window Calculations can be performed on only one sweep at a time So the sweep to be measured needs to be selected from the Value from pop down menu in the upper left corner of the ScopeView window The precision of the calculations performed is adjustable from the Precision pop down below the Value from pop down menu 63 ScopeView Window Components Display Sweeps List Table
21. before it is presented to the Worx ADC Worx makes a full range of amplifiers for this purpose but any amplifier with an analog output can be used This allows other amplifiers like those from Thornton or Grass or special purpose devices like those made by Warner Instru ments Axon instruments or World Precision Instruments to be used with Worx ADC units Outputs from these and other devices can be connected to the available BNC inputs on the front panel of Worx ADC units Outputs of external devices can also be connected to the DIN 8 inputs with an adapter cable available from Worx The Worx 118 contains no built in amplifiers It depends completely on external devices for signal conditioning Chart Mode Once the signal source is connected to the Worx unit and the signal conditioners are configured data recording can begin The most basic controls required are the ones that turn the recording on and off LabScribe has three ways to Start a recording and two ways to Stop it Starting The dialog boxes Figure 2 2 on page 14 show the options for starting the recording process for both groups of hardware START START ft User External Trigger For iwx Poi eae 108 MI For mex Tidi 74 778 Figure 2 2 The LabScribe Start dialogue boxes User The easiest away to start the recording is for the User to manually press the Start button in the upper right hand corner of the LabScribe Main window User is the
22. by factor of 2 each time the icon is clicked 2 Cursor Mode Click icon to display two cursors on the data window Time and voltage differences between the data points intersected by the cursors are measured 1 Cursor Mode Click icon to display one cursor on the data window Absolute time and voltage from the beginning of the trace to the cursor are displayed s 3 FFE i Stimulator Toolbar Ampa oo Swims 5 0 FH 100 N45 Applyt Figure 4 9 The Stimulator Control Panel on the LabScribe Main window Amp Amplitude of the stimulus pulse in Volts W Width of the pulse in milliseconds ms F Frequency of stimulation in Hertz Hz N Number of pulses Apply applies any changes to the stimulus protocol made through the Stimulator Toolbar Clicking Apply while recording will send a stimulus pulse from the output In the Train and Step modes only the Apply button is enabled In the Constant mode the Amp and the Apply button are enabled 42 Output Sequence Toolbar The Output Sequence Toolbar is a drop down list containing sequences of analog or digital outputs defined on the Output Sequence page of the Preferences dialogue window Clicking the OutSeq button will fire the output sequence selected from the list close purnp Selecting a new sequence in the drop down list also automatically fires that sequence Dialogue Windows Preferences There are five pages in the Preferences dialogue window for thes
23. default setting in Labscribe Recording begins when the User presses the Start button and will continue until one of the Stop conditions is met Pretriggering is not possible in the User manual mode 14 External Trigger Triggered from Channel Pre triggering Stopping User Sometimes it is necessary to synchronize the beginning of the recording with the beginning of an external event The LabScribe software can be configured to start recording when the iWorx hardware detects a voltage pulse 3 to 5V amplitude through the BNC connector of the Trigger input Many devices have Trigger or TTL outputs that are capable of starting the LabScribe recording software these devices include stimulators relays pumps valves and cameras For various reasons data recording may not need to begin until the data itself reaches certain criteria For example it may be necessary to record an animal s body temperature only if the base temperature exceeds 100 F The LabScribe software could be programmed to begin recording when the data on the temperature channel exceeded 100 F Thresholds above and below a certain data value can be set to start the recording Open the Preferences dialogue window from the Edit Menu Click al on the tab for the Sampling page Pull down the Start Mode ees hs menu and select the channel Ch that contains the data to be used as a trigger Set the values that the data must meet before Value lt eo re
24. drop of 9 Volt transistor battery viewed with short top and long bottom screen times The vertical display of your signal is managed in a number of ways In each channel toolbar Figure 3 8 on page 24 there are six icons They represent Zoom In x2 AutoScale Zoom Out x2 Full Scale Preferred Scale and Set Preferred Scale features In addition on the right side of each channel display area is a scroll UP DOWN control to offset the recorded wave up or down Zoomn Zoom Out Preterred Scale Auto Scale f Full Scale f Set Preferred Scale Figure 3 8 The channel toolbar in the LabScribe Main window AutoScale as used in the LabScribe software reviews the current screen of data on the channel of interest and locates the highest and lowest data points in that screen It then adjusts the Y scale range to include those points To use AutoScale click on the center button in the first group of three on the upper left side of each channel bar Pressing the FullScale item adjusts the Y scale to its maximum value of 5Volts 10Volts on the 118 24 Zoom In Out From any view of data pressing the Zoom In button will double the displayed size of the trace Pressing the Zoom Out button will reduce the displayed size of the trace by a factor of 2 Preferred Scale For any data there is a basic range within which the Y values of the signal will occur For example if measuring room temperature the user might selec
25. is a Pentium Il 300 megahertz computer The faster the processor the smoother the screen scrolling however all data is recorded regardless of the screen scrolling display Installation From CD Introduction LabScribe software is provided on a CDROM If you don t have a CD drive the software installer can be downloaded from our FTP area Point your browser to http www iworx com select Support from the directory and sign up for the Worx Users Area All installers are available at the Users Area WARNING Do not connect your Worx hardware to the computer until AFTER the software installation is complete To install the software using the CDROM 1 Insert the LabScribe installation CD From User s Area A welcome screen will appear offering to install Software Hardware or Manuals Choose Software then choose the Windows operating system currently in use XP 98 2000 ME At the prompt enter your name the name of your company or institution and software serial number on the CD cover Click Next It is important to note that the software will not install without a proper serial number Installation will now proceed Follow the instructions presented by the Install Wizard The Install Wizard will tell you when the installation is complete The installer will restart your computer once the software installation is complete After installing the LabScribe software you can install lab manuals associated with va
26. is displayed the units are changed to the units of the raw data channel second On a channel programmed to display the Second Derivative the units are the units of the raw data channel second second a To use either of the Derivative functions right click on the display area of the ner channel where the function is to be displayed Select Derivative from the right click menu and a submenu appears Select one of the functions in the submenu By default raw data will be collected on the channel immediately above the calcu lated channel Channel 1 for calculated Channel 2 Channel 3 for calculated Channel 4 etc Use the Set Raw Channel function at the bottom of the right click menu for the calculated channel to select a different channel as the source of raw data Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the raw data then AutoScale the calculated channel No other setup is required The functions in the Derivative submenu are First Takes the first derivative at each data point in the raw data and plots it on the calculated channel Second Takes the second derivative at each data point in the raw data and plots it on the calculated channel The Channel Math function applies a user defined function to points from raw data channels and displays the output on a calculated channel Each raw data channel can be a term in the user defined expression 55 Activating Channel Math Filter For example if the Channel
27. new settings group name will now appear in the list box on the left of the window Edit Settings Group Tutorial 21 4 O2Consumption Size 21 4 MembranePotentials 21 4 Sciatic erve 214 Retlex Reachon 21 4 EMG 214 EMG OpposingMuscles 21 4 Muscle Weight Wwork 21 4 Muscle Sum Tetanus 21 4 a Cees mbl kdi sel TI A Associated Help File _ The Settings Group currently being used can be edited by selecting the Edit Group function from the Settings Menu OF Cancel dd Remove Rename Append Browse Figure 7 4 The Edit Settings Group dialogue window 90 Adding a New Before adding a new individual settings file to a settings group configure the LabScribe Settings to Group program to do the experiment you want to do For example go to the Channels page in the Helper Files Deleting a Setting Editing a Setting File Preferences dialogue window and select the number of channels needed their titles and any on line Functions that are needed to display or interpret the data If these settings are going to become a settings file in an existing settings group make sure that group is already loaded before proceeding Next select the Edit Group function in the Settings menu When the Edit Settings Group dialogue window appears type the name of the new individual settings file in the blank area at the top of the dialogue window Press the Add button This new settings file is now part of the current group an
28. of channels that is displayed is known as a View Using the example from the previous paragraph a View could be created that displayed the arterial pressure from Channel 1 and the calculated heart rate for the same animal displayed on Channel 9 The data from Channels 1 and 9 would appear in the first and second data display areas respectively The other fourteen raw data and computed heart rate channels would not be displayed For the data recorded from another animal on Channel 2 another view with Channels 2 and 10 its matching rate channel can be created Each VIEW can have up to eight channels To use Views select Preferences from the Edit menu to open the Preference dialogue window Click on the Advanced tab to open that page Select the number of different views that you want to create from the dialogue box at the top of the page Enter a number equal to or less than 8 For each view listed check the boxes for each of the sixteen available channels to be displayed in that view A check in a given box will include that channel in the view Up to 8 channels may be selected Channels will be displayed in numerical order starting with the lowest number Each view can also be given a name Click OK to exit the Advanced page Once created each view will be listed as a display option in the View menu You can change views at any time by selecting its name from the View menu Display Considerations in Other Windows The Analysis Window Dat
29. on the Stimulator page Start Amplitude End Amplitude Number of Steps Voltage Increment Likewise if the user knows the previous amplitude and the voltage increment the succeeding amplitude can be calculated Previous Amplitude Voltage Increment Succeeding Amplitude Chapter 6 Input and Output 19 An Example of Voltage Steps With the starting ending and incremental voltages set through preferences the voltage will change in a step wise manner until the ending voltage is reached The length of the protocol is determined by the Step Width and the time between steps the Inter Step Width Delay ms 100 mg SV lt Start Amplitude lt 5 ih y BV lt End Amplitude K J 2 v Number of Steps lt 16 2 Step Width lt 600ms 50 ms Inter Step width lt 600ms 50 ms 5 lt JHalding Potential Sx ia y Figure 6 6 The parameter boxes on the Stimulator page of the iWorx 114 214 or 118 set for Step mode 1 To construct and record an example of pulses in step mode select Preferences from the Edit menu On the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window set a channel that has a BNC input to record at 10 000 samples sec and display 0 5 second on the screen Figure 6 2 on page 76 2 Go tothe Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window select Step from the box in the upper left corner of the page 3 Enter the following values into the appropriate boxes on the Stimulator page
30. password protected area of our website Passwords are available to registered users only by submitting an e mail request Comments and Suggestions Introduction iWorx CB Sciences understands that user feedback is critical to the improvement of any software product If you have ideas suggestions or criticisms please contact us at support iworx com Technical Support If you cannot find an answer in this User s Guide please check the list of FAQ s Frequently Asked Questions on our website If you still cannot find a solution to your problem technical support is available to all registered users at no charge via e mail phone fax or mail When requesting technical support please follow the steps listed below e Write down your question or problem and the actions you took that created the problem e Be prepared to duplicate the problem e Note any error messages e Note your computer model e Note your operating system version e Note the amount of RAM Random Access Memory in your computer e Note your LabScribe Software version number See the sample customer support form in the appendix of this manual Contacting iWorx CB Sciences iWorx CB Sciences Inc One Washington Center Suite 404 Dover NH 03820 USA For Sales Phone 800 234 1757 Outside North America 603 742 2492 FAX 603 742 2455 E mail sales iworx com Web http www iworx com For Technical Phone 877 273 7110 Outside North America 603 742 2
31. provides functions that can find and move specific data points to tables created in the Journal mm Tools Add Data to Journal Ctri J Add Title to Journal Find Hardware Find Find Next Ctrl F Auta Find Auto Mark Delete Block Down Sample Figure 4 5 The LabScribe Tools menu Add Data to Journal Sends the calculated values for the selected Table Functions from the Analysis or ScopeView windows to the Journal Add Titles to Journal Sends the titles of the calculated values for the selected Table Functions from the Analysis or ScopeView windows to the Journal Find Hardware Identifies and initializes the computer s connection to iWorx data acquisition device Find Calls a dialogue box for programming the placement of cursors on data displayed in the Analysis or ScopeView windows Find Next Finds the next data point in the file which meets the criteria set in the Find box Auto Find Automatically finds each successive data point in the file that meets the criteria set in the Find dialogue box Calculated values from the Table Functions selected in the Analysis window are automatically added to the Journal for each matching data point Auto Mark Calls a list of functions that can automatically locate characteristic data points like the LVEDP or QRS in a data file displayed in the Analysis or ScopeView window Delete Block Can be used in the Analysis window to delete the current block Warning This cannot b
32. sensor has a small but stable offset In the example on the left the integral shows constant increase in volume as the flow is constant In the record on the right where the Use First Number points as zero option is used the initial flow is constant and is set to zero so the initial volume is zero When the flow increases to a level above the effective zero line the volume increases on the integral channel Autos cale FullS cale Value 0 151 Volts Autos cale FullS cale Value 1 570 litres FullS cale Value 0 151 Volts Autos cale FullS cale Value 0 000 litres 1 035 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Figure 5 4 Integral with Zero The Reset control in the Integral area on the Functions page of the Preferences dialogue window determines when the Integral or running count will reset itself to zero This option allows the Integral to reset itself after a preset time This is a useful option if the data being integrated contains artifacts that move the Integral artificially up or down The Reset function keeps the Integral trace in the field of view In the respiration example if inhaled air is at 20 C 54 Activating Integral Functions Derivative Activating Derivative Function Channel Math Chapter 1 Analysis and exhaled air is closer to body temperature then exhaled air has a larger volume Since the subject exhales more than he or she inhales the integral record with have a slow upward dri
33. the processing of events The digital output timing should be within 1 second To set more than one state at the same time add all the states Chapter 6 Input and Output 85 Firing a Sequence Stakes Load Output Sequences File Mark Record Edi Save Output Sequences File Sequences Mame State Mark A Add Rename sp mth aH ah Curent Sequence gt test Del DOS On DOS On no DOI On DO4 On DO40n no Wait 1 zec DOW Of DOI OF no SR 002 On DO Off DO Off ro walt 1 sec DOS Off DOS Off no DOS On DO4 Off DO4Of no Remove State Wat sec All Off All Off no from Sequence DO4 On Mark Mark Ves Wait sec Marke Marke VES a a Marks Marks Ves fo z Mark Mark Ves wat a a Mark5 Mark5 VES Do3 oie Mark6 Mark6 Ves i Repeat Wee Mark Mark Ves SEQUENCE nod oe Marko Marko Ves Wait 1 zec Mark Mark Ves Mark10 Mark10 yes Definitions States TTL level at Digital Output Pins On High OFF Low Sequences timed execution of a senes of digital states Up Drown you want to set simultaneously to the sequence before setting wait The LabScribe program will OR all the states and execute them when it reaches the wait statement or the end of the sequence To continuously repeat the sequence select repeat sequence checkbox The order of the states in the sequence can be changed by using the up and the down buttons When digital sequences are created and the Worx 118 hardware is connected with Labscribe The Digital O
34. use the Open command in the File menu to open the backup iwd file To permanently save the data use the Save As function BEFORE RECORDING ANY NEW DATA Recording new data will overwrite the backup iwd file 18 Chapter 3 Display Introduction From a functional standpoint the LabScribe program is really two programs It is primarily a data acquisition application whose main task is to record analog experimental data as data points with X and Y values and store these data points on the computer The second task of the LabScribe program is to graphically display the collected data in a way that is under standable to the user Chapter 2 explains the various controls and options relative to the acqui sition of data This chapter will discuss considerations regarding the display of collected data on the various windows in the LabScribe user interface User The LabScribe user interface contains seven primary windows Main Analysis ScopeView Interface XY FFT Marks and Journal There are also dialogue windows accessible through the Prefer ences selection in the Edit Menu which provide controls of the Channels Sampling Stimu lator computed Functions Output Sequences and Advanced Most of the interface related features in LabScribe can be found in the Main window Figure 3 1 on page 19 LabScribe can display up to sixteen channels in the Main window EM untitled 1Wx118 default LabScribe x File Edit view Window Tools Sett
35. used in the XY plot are selected by highlighting the title of the channel from the drop down list next to each linear display Expanding or contracting the time displayed in the XY window can be controlled by two different methods The Display Time buttons Half or Double Display Time at the top of the XY window can be used as well as the Zoom In and Zoom Out functions in right click menu of the window To open this menu right click in either of the linear display areas or on the display area of the XY plot As before these Zoom functions behave just like the Display Time functions on the LabScribe toolbar Jun Hrd BPA hcl aul Log Work Fle Edi Wie Wie Tonk Semin Help 9 Soipting Djem gt Bes a ner ancl el S all Ee usea Tiia vi 2 wi vaeb J20 umg REL ma T Dats isan For Help ores Fi F Figure 3 17 Two channels of data displayed in linear top and in XY plot bottom on the XY Window Data in the XY window can be scrolled using the bar underneath the linear displays The user can also move forward and backward through the recording a block of data at a time by clicking on the Block Down and Block Up buttons on either end of the scroll bar in the XY window When the XY window is open only the functions and calculations more appropriate for the XY plot are available in the Table Functions list This is discussed in greater detail in the Analysis chapter Data can be imported into the FFT win
36. 4 Breathing Rest Exercise 2 14 Breathing Gravity 214 Breathing OtherFactors 214 Once a settings group is loaded all of the settings files contained in the group appear by name in the lower bracket of the Settings menu Figure 7 3 on page 90 To select a specific settings file highlight the name of the file and click it The settings associated with the selected file will load into the LabScribe program and set parameters for recording and displaying data For a settings group associated with an Worx teaching kit the names of the settings files on the list correspond to the names of the experiments in the lab manual If the Worx laboratory manuals are installed from the instal lation CD as prescribed each settings file in the settings group for a teaching kit is associated with a helper file which is a pdf copy of the laboratory exercise as it appears in the Worx laboratory manual Users can design their own settings groups and files They can also associate their own setting files with documentation experimental procedures protocols instructions lab exercises of their own design Figure 7 3 The Settings menu with an expanded settings list To create a new settings group Choose the Load Group command from the Settings menu New Settings Figure 7 1 on page 89 type an appropriate group name in the title box at the bottom of the Load Settings Group dialogue window Figure 7 2 on page 89 and press the New button The
37. 4 17 The pages of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 114 118 214 The preferences that can be set for all channels include Sampling Speed Sets the number of samples taken every second on each channel Display Time Sets the time and the amount of data displayed on the screen Num Channels Sets the number of channels displayed on the Main window The preferences that can be set for each individual channel include Channel Title Edits the title of each channel to better identify the parameter recorded Mode Sets the record or the display mode of the channel Channels 1 and 2 on the iWorx 214 Channel 1 only on the 114 have record modes which allow either the bioamplifiers to be activated with a bandpass filter 0 03 150Hz 0 3 35 Hz or 3 10KHz or the BNC input to be activated for recording signals from other devices with analog outputs sampling speed 200 Display Time 10 sec Mum Channels e Ch set Scale Calibration el Mode Function ras Trin Faw Cal rut Lead 0 3 35Hz v Riaw Data 0 507 1 007 z Lead II 0 3 35Hz Raw Data 0 020 0 010 3 Lead Ill Dspl Only Lead Il 1 007 0 507 4 aL Dspl Only Lead a L 0 507 1 007 3 aVR Dspl Only Lead av H 0 403 0 203 b ave Depl Only Lead aF 0 403 0 203 r Heart Rate Dspl Only Rate 1 01 1 010 g Heart Angle Dspl Only Angle 40 101 0 l Lle olta volts olta UU UUU cL tT I ALETE TEA
38. 492 Support FAX 603 742 2455 E mail support iworx com Web http www iworx com Introduction 3 Chapter 1 Quick Start Start here if you are already familiar with data recording concepts This chapter contains all you need to know to begin recording data quickly and easily Managing Signals The management of recorded data is divided into three steps 1 Recording data onto the computer 2 Navigating the recorded data to find particular areas of interest and 3 Outputting the data either in printed or analyzed form Recording Recording data is the most basic of the three steps It is also the only one that is time critical Data That is you must record data when it happens whereas navigating analyzing or printing data can occur anytime after the data has been recorded The following section explains the basic concepts and controls required to record data using the LabScribe software Start Recording The most basic control in the LabScribe software is the one that starts and stops the recording This control is found in the upper right hand corner of the Main window After ensuring that the source of your signal is properly connected to your data acquisition device click the Start button to begin recording While data is being recorded the Start button will change to a Stop button Click Stop at any time to end data recording Displaying Data The events you want to record using the LabScribe software may be very slow like the disc
39. Channel 2 to look at Channel 3 the channel below for its source of raw data as opposed to the default Channel 1 the channel above 50 Setup Transform Periodic Threshold Chapter 1 Analysis The settings for any of these wave wave analysis functions are available on the Functions page of the Preferences dialogue window These settings are factory set to include most biological signals but they may be modified for any signal type and stored in Settings files Whether calculated functions are performed on line in real time or off line after recording has stopped their setup is the same To set up a calculated wave to wave transform channel Right click in the display area of the channel being set as a calculated function y put Moug a A menu of function choices appears Invert Units Highlight and select one of the functions l m By default the channel will look to the channel above for its raw data If you Title require a different channel to supply the raw data select it from the Set Raw y Raw Data Channel item at the bottom of the right click menu Periodic F Click the Start button Click AutoScale for the raw data channel then click Integral AutoScale for the calculated channel Derivative d S ae The calculated function will then be displayed no other setup is required Bie Specific setups for the different groups of functions are described below Power Spirometry tf Cardiac i EE
40. Display area at the bottom of the Main window above the Time axis After recording has stopped comments associated with marks can be dragged into the data area of the record The text of these comments can be read and printed in any window in which the data appears Figure 3 15 on page 30 Sometimes it is necessary to return the marks in a particular view to the Text Display area at the bottom of the Main window To do this select Marks from the View menu and Reset Location from the Marks submenu This command returns only the mark comments on the data window of the current screen of data to the bottom of the Main window All other marks will remain where they were originally positioned The Reset Marks command is active only on the Main window 30 Exercise Sorting and Exporting marks Voltmeter Views Chapter 3 Display 1 Click Start and record a few minutes of data 2 As data is being recorded type the word Test 1 on the keyboard and strike the Return or Enter key on the keyboard 3 Wait one minute type Test 2 and strike the Return or Enter key 4 Click Stop Scroll through the data using the scroll bar on the bottom of the Main window until you locate Test 1 in the Text Display area 5 Open the Marks window from the Window menu or by clicking on the Marks icon in the LabScribe toolbar Select the mark Test 2 in the Marks window 6 Click on Go To to close the Marks window Notice that the record in
41. Functions List Value from Sweep List Figure 5 11 The LabScribe ScopeView window There are 31 analytical functions available in the Table Functions list in the lower left side of the ScopeView window The functions are the same as the ones offered in the Analysis window There are two rows of calculated values in the Calculated Value Display area The first row contains the values from the selected sweep or block listed in the Value from menu The second row has the average of the calculated values from all the sweeps displayed in the ScopeView window These values can be sent to the Journal for formatting and inclusion in reports by right clicking in the display area in the ScopeView window and selecting Add Title or Add Data to Jrnl These commands are also accessible from the Tools menu The ScopeView window can be copied printed or exported to ASCII png or omp format documents The Display Sweeps list allows the user to pick which Sweeps to display in the ScopeView window Clicking on a sweep name selects the sweep and deselects any other sweeps that were previously selected Multiple sweeps can be selected using the standard Windows commands SHIFT CLICK and CONTROL CLICK The functions selected in the Table Functions list determine the calculations performed on the data points between the two cursors in the ScopeView window These analyses can be performed only on one sweep at a time The results of the selected calculations
42. L CLICK Table Functions The functions selected in the Table Functions list determine the calculations performed on List the data points between the two cursors in the Analysis window These analyses can be performed only on one channel at a time The results of the selected calculations are displayed in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the Analysis window Value from The Analysis window can only operate on the data points from one channel at a time Select Channel List the channel to be analyzed from the Value from Channel list in the upper left corner of the Analysis window Tiled or Stacked By default the channels selected for display are presented in Tiled mode Each channel is Display displayed in its own area as they are shown in the Main window By clicking the Stacked box in the left margin of the Analysis window selected waveforms can be overlaid on the same set of axes 62 Right Click Menu in the Analysis Window ScopeView Window Setup Chapter 1 Analysis Right click in the display area of the Analysis window to bring up a menu like the one in Figure 5 10 on page 63 Selecting Add Title to Journal sends the names of the analyses calculations being performed and displayed at the top of the Analysis window to the Journal Selecting Add Data to Journal sends the calculated values from these analyses to the Journal The right click menu also gives the user the option to Zoom In or Zoom Out to refine the sel
43. LabScribe Data Acquisition Software Manual iWorx CB Sciences Inc http www iworx com iWorx CB Sciences Inc Suite 404 1 Washington Center Dover NH 03820 Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction I Welcome 1 How to Use This User s Guide 1 System Requirements 1 Installation 1 Registration and Updates 2 Comments and Suggestions 2 Technical Support 3 Contacting 1Worx CB Sciences 3 Chapter 1 Quick Start 5 Managing Signals 5 Chapter 2 Acquisition LI The Basics 11 Signal Conditioning 13 Chart Mode 16 Scope Mode 18 Saving Your Data 20 Chapter 3 Display 21 Introduction 21 Main Window Display Considerations 24 Display Considerations in the Other Windows 34 LabScribe Manual Chapter 4 Controls 39 Menus 39 Toolbars 43 Dialogue Windows 45 Chapter 5 Analysis 53 Overview 53 Analyses of the First Kind Wave to Wave Transforms 53 Analyses of the Second Kind Digested Data 64 Analyses of the Third Kind Redisplayed Data 69 Analyses of the Fourth Kind Detected Data Conditions 73 Analysis of the Fifth Kind Things Not Possible with Ist 2nd 3rd or 4th Kind of Analyses 76 Chapter 6 Input and Output 79 Stimulator 79 Digital Outputs 89 Digital Inputs 90 Events 92 Chapter 7 Using Settings 93 The Settings Menu 93 Chapter 8 Export 97 il Printing 97 Cutting Copying and Pasting 97 Saving and Saving As 97 Journal 98 Exporting Data 98
44. Math function was selected on Channel 4 The following function could be programmed Ch4 Ch1 Ch2 I x ofo 7 of of cfr colo AAA ea ot ofod off tla a chad Unit name volts Check _ ch che a E Figure 5 5 The Channel Math dialogue window from the channel right click menu The result displayed on Channel 4 is every Channel 1 data point divided by the corresponding Channel 2 data point A full range of trig and log functions as well as the common mathe matical operators are available in the Channel Arithmetic dialogue window The unit name for the calculated value can be specified in a box There is also a Check Expression feature which will check for errors like unclosed parentheses or division by zero Since division by zero is a possible occurrence even in legitimate expressions the program substitutes the last calculated value for the quotient if division by zero is attempted To use the Channel Math function right click on the display area of the channel where the function is to be displayed Select Channel Math from the right click menu and program the expression to be displayed on the selected channel Set units if desired and click OK Each channel has its own digital Filter that can be used on line or off line When used on line the program applies an 8 pole Butterworth filter which reduces noise effectively on most smoothly varying signals However sharp voltage steps like the ones used in a voltage cl
45. Scribe the detected data can be exported as text or loaded into a script 72 In LabScribe V1 8 there are Auto Mark functions available to detect the QRS wave compo nents of the ECG the LVEDP Arterial Pressures Maximal Response and Peak Detection For example if the Auto Mark detector is used to locate the R waves in an ECG the QRS function is selected from the Auto Mark submenu on the Tools menu A window known as the AutoMark QRS Dialog appears on the screen It contains a display of the data to be used with the marking routine On this window selections must be made for the Data Channel that is the source of the recording being marked the Maximum Heart Rate BPM in the data of interest and the Start and Stop points for marking the data of interest The Start and Stop points could be the beginning and the end of the data file Doc respec tively They could also be any Mark on the data file Since Marks can be placed on the data after the recording it is possible to place and use Marks that are on the margins of the data of interest To assist in R wave detection a threshold level must be set on the data Finally press Preview and close the AutoMark QRS Dialog window by clicking OK Each R wave in the selected section of data will be marked with a Text Mark These marks can be viewed and edited in the Marks window The Marks window is organized so that the marks can be sorted by Time ascending or descending Channel or by Co
46. TA EEEE La Figure 4 18 The Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 114 118 214 Function Selects either Raw Data or one of the many available calculated values to be displayed on the channel Set Scale Sets the maximum and minimum Y axis values 46 Calibration Used to convert 2 raw data values to 2 corresponding calculated values using a linear scale For more information refer to the Units Conversion section Units Name of the units to which the raw data has been converted Sampling Page Revie START User STOP Timed f Wore 10000 ris f Demo PreTrigger fl me Chart Scope Multiple Sweeps 0 Sweepfs Delay Between Sweeps o ZEC Figure 4 19 The Sampling page of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 114 118 214 Device Selects the device from which data will be collected Start Selects the Start mode Refer to the section on Triggering Stop Selects the Stop mode Refer to the section on Triggering Chart Sets the acquisition mode to Chart Scope Sets the acquisition mode to Scope For Scope mode recordings can be made in Repetitive or Multiple Sweep mode where the recording stops after N sweeps The Delay between Sweeps can also be specified in case of Multiple Sweep mode Stimulator Page Used to setup the Stimulator s on the iWorx 114 214 118 There are 5 modes Off Pulses Trains Constant and Step The available parameters in each of these modes can be p
47. XI This group of functions simply reports the values in time and voltage for the data points inter X2 Y2 Y1 X2 X1 sected by each of the two cursors in the XY View window As the cursors are moved in the linear Max_y Min_Y data plots data points in the XY plot are highlighted The Minimum Maximum Mean or Mean_Y Max_X Difference functions apply to data in the range of data Length refers to the length of the line Min_X Mean_X segment identified between the highlighted data points Length Slope dY1 dx For this group of functions all data points between the cursors are examined The Maximum dY2 dx Max_dY the Minimum or the Mean value of the slope in the data set are reported The slope at each of dx Min_dY dx the highlighted points in the XY plot is also reported Mean _dY dx Max Min Area_wrt_Ymin The Area functions are integrals which can use several points as the zero baseline Area_wrt_zero These functions have the abbreviation wrt which means with respect to So the Area_wrt_Y1 Area_wrt_Ymin function returns the area between the plotted curve and an imaginary horizontal Loop_Open line intersecting the minimum Y value Similarly Area_wrt_zero uses a horizontal line at zero Loop_closed for the area calculation and Area_wrt_Y1 uses the value at the minimum Y as the reference line Each of these areas returns a partial area of the plot You may need to use several areas to capture the entire area of the plot
48. a is only recorded in the Main window However other windows can receive selected data from the Main window for closer examination or display in another format like a XY plot or FFT There are several viewing options available in these other windows that are not available in the Main window The actual discussion of analytical functions found in these windows is deferred to the Analysis chapter later in this manual Data can be imported into the Analysis window from the Main window using the Dual Cursors The data to be transferred to the Analysis window is selected by placing the cursors on either side of the data of interest Once the data is selected it is transferred from the Main window to Analysis window when the Analysis icon is selected from the LabScribe toolbar or Analysis is selected from the Window menu In the Analysis window all channels are displayed and AutoScaled A segment of data from an 8 channel record with only Channels 1 and 3 displayed is shown in Figure 3 16 on page 33 Channels are selected for display by clicking on the Channel Titles in the Display Channels list on the left margin of the Analysis window Multiple channels can be selected using the standard Windows SHIFT CLICK and CONTROL CLICK commands to add or remove channels The default view will show all selected channels in Tiled mode one channel above the other in the display top Figure 3 16 on page 33 Checking the Stacked box on the left margin of the Ana
49. also be edited or deleted by right clicking on the comment in the Text Display area at the bottom of the Main window Marks that are placed on the recording can serve as sign posts indicating where important sections of data are located By highlighting a specific mark listed in the Marks window and clicking the Go To button the LabScribe software will find the data point associated with that mark and display that section of data in the Main window In this manner the user can move between important areas of an experiment without hunting or scrolling for the areas of interest Positioning Mark On presentations or printed copies of the data record it is useful to position the text of the Comments comment associated with a mark directly over the data to which it applies This is particularly useful if more than one channel of data was recorded and the mark does not apply to all channels EA Pulse Wave Velocity IWX214 PulseWaveVelocity LabScribe PE File Edit View Window Tools Settings Help Scripting Dea alle Talklheelelal El for OutSeq Time 0 14 18 520 Speed 200 Display Time 16 000s M S R Fs mt Yalue 0 029 m Yalue 75 000 bpm Exhalation Inhalation Exhalatian 71 94 0 14 2 539 0 14 6 539 0 14 10 539 0 14 14 539 0 14 18 53 E El H For Help press F1 Figure 3 15 Comments moved on to the channel data display in the Main window When marks are created the comments appear in the Text
50. amp application are not well tolerated by the on line version of the digital filter The solution for filtering sharp changes in voltage is to use a different type of filter off line When the Stop button is clicked LabScribe recalculates the entire record as it applies a 201 order raised cosine FIR filter To use the Filter function right click on the display area of the channel where the signal to be filtered is displayed If you intend to display the filtered data on the same channel as the raw data go to the Set Raw Channel function at the bottom of the right click menu and set the channel to take the raw data from itself Select Filter from the right click menu In the Set Filter window drag the boundaries of the filter to create the desired filter Click OK No other setup is required 56 Power Chapter 1 Analysis X 100 Cancel FO i I I 0 20 40 EO a0 100 Low Cutoff 19 9 Hz Frequencies in Color are Passed while those in white are blocked by the filter High Cutoff 60 3 Hz Figure 5 6 The digital software Filter dialogue window from the channel right click menu The graphic interface in the Set Filter window is straight forward The BLUE area corresponds to the frequencies that are passed and the WHITE area corresponds to frequencies that are rejected To remove high frequencies from the signal click on the right boundary of the BLUE area and drag this boundary to the left To remove low frequencies
51. an be used to hyperpolarize the membrane potential of an excitable tissue and prevent it from depolarizing or firing Delay rms lo m 5 lt JAmplitude lt 5 J jo y Number Df Pulses lt 250 1 O1ms lt Pulse Widthims lt 5000ms 5 ms 0 1Hz lt JPulse Frequency lt 5KHz2 fi 00 Hz Number of Trains lt 250 fo Inter Tram Duration lt 5000 m fi 0 m 5 lt JHolding Potential 5 fo Vf Figure 6 4 The parameter boxes on the Stimulator page of the iWorx 114 214 or 118 set for Train mode Building Output Connect the stimulus outputs to one of its own BNC inputs as described in the section of the Protocols in chapter Building Output Protocols in Pulse Mode Train Mode Never connect both the positive red and the negative black banana outputs of a 114 214 or 204 unit to its own inputs at the same time as this causes a short circuit that could damage the amplifier These red and black outputs can be connected to other devices nerve chambers stimulating electrodes and more at the same time but not to its own inputs at the same time In many applications more than one burst or train of pulses must be delivered Before the parameters of the trains or bursts are specified the dimensions of the pulses that will fill the bursts must be selected After the pulse is designed the frequency duration and number of trains can be programmed An Example of 1 To construct and re
52. are the largest amplitudes in the data file The algorithms used in these functions are the same as the ones employed in the off line functions To copy the view of data displayed in the Analysis or the ScopeView window use the Copy command in the Edit menu The image can be pasted into any program including the Journal that supports the clipboard To export the data viewed use the Export command in the File menu Select the format of the file from the list at the bottom of the Export File window To print the data viewed use the Print command in the File menu The print range which is either the selection in the Analysis window or all the data can be selected in the Print window of the Third Kind Redisplayed Data As covered in the display section of this manual data is recorded only into the Main window Main window displays are inear or in series meaning that Y value parameters are recorded with respect to time Data recorded in a linear manner can be redisplayed in a format that is different than the standard Y T plot Currently LabScribe v1 8 supports XY plots and FFT A host of measure ments like the ones available in the Second Kind Analyses can be made from each type of redisplayed data window In an XY plot the Y values from one channel in the Main window are plotted against the Y values from another Main window channel The resulting XY plot is dramatically different from a linear plot of data against time Locate
53. area where the values for the positions of the cursors are listed The values on the left are the voltage values at the positions of Cursors 1 and 2 Enter the corresponding values in real units into the two value boxes on the right In the Name area enter the name of the unit to be displayed on the Y axis If a unit name is not entered Volts will be used as a default name If the data to be converted is noisy the exact values at the cursors may introduce an error that can be large By entering a non zero number N in the average box at the bottom of the Units Conversion dialogue window the Y values for the N points on either side of the cursors will be averaged to yield a smoothed value with less error due to noise Typical settings for the number of points used in the average value is 3 or 4 points for the 200 samples sec setting Units Conversion q x OK Cancel slope a offset lo Hame Volts i Ott Figure 3 12 The Units Conversion dialogue window showing slope and offset boxes It is also possible to set the slope and offset directly if those values are known Figure 3 12 on page 27 For example if a pressure transducer produces 5mV 0 005V per mmHg the slope would be 0 005 and the units would be mmHg To use slope in a units conversion the slope must be expressed as Volts unit Ideally when a sensor puts out zero volts the value of the converted units would also be zero For many sensors this is true
54. ay Time 22 23 Hardware 40 helper file 91 l Input Mode 6 installation 1 CD 1 FTP site 2 Integral 8 Invert 28 1Worx 1 75 computer interface 9 10 hardware 26 teaching kits 10 J Journal 7 8 38 39 41 42 93 L low voltage mode 76 M Main window 4 7 8 21 25 26 31 39 42 managing signals 4 Marks 6 21 39 42 editing 29 navigating by 30 off line 29 on line 29 positioning 30 Marks window 31 MatLab 7 Max dv dt 66 maximum 8 amp 8 mean 8 menu 6 Min dv dt 66 Multiple 17 Multiple Sweeps 17 N National Instruments hardware 26 Navigating Data 6 O oscilloscope 16 Output Sequence 49 Output Sequence Bar 38 Output Sequences 38 P Paste 7 Period 6 51 png 7 Power 6 8 70 Precision 61 Preferences dialog 8 51 75 76 77 78 79 80 82 91 Preferred Scale 25 PreTrigger 15 Pretriggering 14 Preview 39 Print 7 pulse protocols amplitude 75 77 delay 75 77 pulse 75 77 pulse frequency 75 77 train 78 train duration 78 R Rate 8 9 10 51 raw data 50 93 channel 8 50 Recording 4 recording data 1 4 29 Registering your software 2 Repetitive 17 Research Mode 39 Reset Channel Size 39 Reset Marks 30 Resolution 69 right clic 6 right click 5 Right Click menu 27 28 right click menu 8 RMS 51 rtf 8 S sample speed 10 28 Sampling 16 38 sampling 9 10 sampling speed 9 89 Scope 16 Scope mode 16 ScopeView 7 screen time 4 5 6 7 19 23 Second Derivative 55 Set Raw C
55. ber of Channels 1 Channel Title Stimulus Mode BNC Function Stem 1 Preferences Channels Sampling Stimulator Functions Output Sequences Advanced Sampling Speed 20000 Display Time 0 03 sec Mum Channels E Ch Set Scale Calibration Titles Mode Function max Ymn Aaw Cal Unit 1 Channel 1 BNC Stim1 JE 5E i i Volts gt Figure 6 11 Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window set for testing an Output Sequence 82 Sampling Page On the Sampling page select Scope as the recording mode change Repetitive to Multiple Sweeps and set the number of Sweeps to 10 Preferences Channels Sampling Stimulator Functions Output Sequences Advanced eee START User STOP Timed Mors 30 rns C Demo PreTrigger E mz Chart Ii Scope Multiple Sweeps jio sWweepls Delay Between Sweeps io SEC Figure 6 12 Sampling page of the Preferences dialogue window set for testing an Output Sequence Preferences Channels Sampling Stimulator Functions Output Sequences Advanced Delay lt 650 me ris Pulses Bipolar 5Y lt JAmpltude s Sy 0 25 Y Toolbar Steps Number OF Pulses O for Continous lt 250 P Freg Hz2 1 0 1m Pulse Widthime lt 5 s 0 05 4 ns 0 1Hz lt JPulse Frequency lt 5KHz 100 Hz 0 1 5 lt JHolding Potential lt 5 i Parameters OK Stimulus Frotocol 4 2 T 2 4 l l
56. by using the display controls in the toolbar Figure 3 5 on page 23 or by manually entering a Display Time in the place provided at the top of the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window which is launched by selecting the Preferences under the Edit menu Clicking the Half Display Time icon big mountain halves the screen time If you clicked this icon once a 10 second full screen display would become a 5 second full screen display This doubles the screen resolution but cuts the amount of data seen on the screen in half Clicking the Double Display Time icon little mountain doubles the screen time In this case a 10 second full screen display would become 20 seconds wide This reduces the screen resolution by half but doubles the amount of data that you see on the screen 22 Limits Examples Chapter 3 Display Half Display Time Double Display Time Figure 3 5 Display Time icons in LabScribe Main window toolbar Using the Double Display Time control compresses the data The display time can be doubled as many times as requested until the limit of the maximum size of the data file or 1 000 000 data points While recording a maximum of 100 000 data points can be displayed in a single screen Using the Half Display Time tool expands the record as many times as requested But the Labscribe program will not display less than 10 data points on a screen of data Double clicking the Display Time area at the t
57. ch channel bar To change the allocated space Chapter 3 Display 25 for a channel click on the channel handle and drag it up or down Figure 3 9 on page 25 Notice that when one channel bar is dragged into another both move This way all channels above and below a channel of interest can be minimized with just two mouse strokes Converting When used with Worx or National Instruments hardware the LabScribe software functions as Units a calibrated voltmeter which means the software will accurately display the exact voltage that the user presents to the analog to digital converter The displayed and default units will always be Volts While this is useful in many cases it is not always the most appropriate unit If the LabScribe software is used to record the output of a transducer designed to measure a physical parameter such as force or pressure other units are more appropriate In these cases Volts can be changed into milligrams or grams The LabScribe software can handle these conversions easily provided that the function or transducer that relates voltage to real units is linear The first step in converting voltage input to real units is to record a portion of data at two known values In the case of a force transducer record output at two known forces such as zero and 100 grams The recorded trace may look something like Figure 3 10 on page 26 T2 T1 0 0 0 741 Speed 500 Display Time 2264s Mak START Channel 1 Aut
58. clude all frequencies above 50Hz including the 60Hz noise from the mains The end result of using the 50Hz Low Pass filters is the creation of a quieter more readable ECG In general the application of a low pass filter quiets the baseline and improves the signal to noise ratio of the recording On the other hand High Pass filters PASS frequencies HIGHer than the set frequency These filters can remove low frequency interference such as baseline drift or a standing offset voltage so that the user sees a more stable baseline The simultaneous use of High Pass and Low Pass filters can create a Band Pass filter Three different analog band pass filters are available for the bioamplifiers on the Worx 214 204 and 114 The Band Pass filters on the Worx 114 214 are enabled automatically when they are selected from the Mode menu on the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window or from the Input Mode function on the right click menu of Channels 1 or 2 The Band Pass filters on the Worx 204 are enabled when the mode button on the front panel is pressed These are 4th order active electronic filters with the following values Table 2 2 Band Pass Filter Frequencies Application 204 214 114 0 1 150 Hz 3HZ 10KHz 3HZ 2KHz Another set of High Pass Low Pass and Band Pass filters can also be applied to each channel from the Filter function located on the right click menu of each channel These filters are not Hardware fil
59. compute the FFT Therefore at slow sampling rates higher frequency resolutions may require the processing of more data points from longer recording periods The Spirometry function is a specialized version of the integral function for use with the Worx spirometer This transducer which measures respiratory volumes is a sensitive air flow sensor LabScribe integrates the flow values measured by the sensor and displays volume The settings for this integration are specifically designed for volume calculations By selecting the Volume function in the Spirometry sub menu a couple of required settings are installed by the program LabScribe will take the first 50 data points average them together and use the result to set the zero line of the Volume channel This is necessary because the output of the air flow sensor is always offset and any offset would cause the Volume channel to display a volume change even though there was no air flowing through the sensor The Volume integral also resets every 30 seconds During spirometry experiments the volume trace drifts upward because the volume of exhaled air is larger than the volume of inhaled air Cooler inhaled air at room temperature occupies less volume than warmer exhaled air The Volume integral will drift up and out of view as it reports correct values unless a periodic reset is employed To use the Volume function right click on the display area of the channel alibrat mri i where the V
60. cord an example of pulse trains select Preferences from the Edit menu On the Pulse Trains Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window set a channel that has a BNC input to record at 10 000 samples sec and display 0 5 second on the screen Figure 6 2 on page 76 2 Goto the Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window select Trains from the box in the upper left corner of the page 3 Enter the following values into the appropriate boxes on the Stimulator page Delay 100msec an arbitrary value Amplitude 1V Number of Pulses 10 10 pulses at 100 Hz 0 1 sec Pulse Width oms Pulse Frequency 100 Hz Number of Trains 25 18 Constant Voltage Protocol Inter Train Duration 900ms These settings will create a protocol that delivers a train of pulses every second 10 pulses in each train with a frequency of 100 Hz and all pulses with an amplitude of 1V and a width of Smsec Since a train occurs every second and is 100msec long the time between trains the Inter Train Duration needs to be 900msec 4 Press the Start button The DAC will wait 100 milliseconds the delay value entered and begin to deliver ten 5ms pulses in a tenth of second Each pulse will be 1V high After 900 milliseconds a second burst of ten pulses with the same parameters will occur These bursts will appear in this manner until a total of 25 bursts have occurred 5 If you only wanted the train or burst to repeat four times the number 4 should be entere
61. corded with LabScribe the program sets the X axis to a scale from OHz DC to a frequency that is a half of the sampling rate A region of the scale can be expanded by using the cursors and the functions of the right click menu but frequencies greater than half the sampling rate cannot be viewed 2 To make a FFT work the transform must operate on a SPECIFIC NUMBER OF DATA POINTS The number of data points used in the FFT is algorithm dependent The LabScribe program indicates the location of the best selection of FFT data on the linear display section of the FFT window by using a gray line in addition to the two cursors used to select the data used in the FFT Move the cursor as close to the suggested point as possible If it is not possible to make the selection reach to the suggested end point LabScribe will fill in the remaining data points with zeros so the frequency content of the data that you DID select will not be affected 68 As stated in the first rule that governs FFT functions LabScribe sets the X axis limits in the FFT window according to sample rate Likewise the number of data points used in the FFT calculation sets the resolution of the X axis range If more data points are used the available Frequency Resolution will be greater Frequency Resolution is set from the drop down menu in the left hand margin of the FFT window Resolution choices are limited to 100Hz 10 Hz 1 Hz and 0 1 Hz If the FFT cannot be displayed with the re
62. cording is triggered The diagram demonstrates that LabScribe is programmed to look for a trigger from the data on Channel 1 when the amplitude of the data is above 1 5V and below 2 V This feature is NOT available on iwx104 204 108 hardware When an External Trigger or a trigger from a data channel Ch is used the data just before the trigger occurs may be important to record as well For example if the R wave is used to trigger the recording of an ECG the P wave and other parts of the ECG that occur before the R wave can be recorded The PreTrigger feature of the LabScribe software can be used to look back in time and display a small piece of data prior to the trigger To enable pretriggering check the box next to the label PreTrigger in the Start Mode box on Sampling page of the Preferences dialogue window Enter the amount of pretrigger time needed in the edit box to the right of the Pretrigger label PreTrigger 100 mz Once recording begins the LabScribe programs offers two different ways to halt the recording User or Timed User is the default Stop value for LabScribe and can be reset from the Stop Mode box on the Sampling page in the Preferences dialogue window In User mode the Stop button in the upper right hand corner of the LabScribe Main window will stop the recording when clicked The Start button toggles to the Stop button after the Start button is clicked to begin the recording The Stop button remains visible until it i
63. d be set up to open and analyze data files with the names as described When a script is run from the Analysis window LabScribe saves the data in the Analysis window display in the Scripts folder as either input mat Matlab or input dat DADiSP When LabScribe calls the script file the Windows operating system opens the script file in the program associated with it For example a Python script should open in the Python program and a MatLab script will open in the MatLab program and so on Scripts should be set up to open and analyze data files with the names as described When a script is run from the ScopeView window LabScribe saves the data in the ScopeView window display in the Scripts folder as either input mat Matlab or input dat DADISP When LabScribe calls the script file the Windows operating system opens the script file in the program associated with it For example a Python script should open in the Python program and a MatLab script will open in the MatLab program and so on Scripts should be set up to open and analyze data files with the names as described 74 Chapter 6 Input and Output Stimulator The Stimulator page in the Preferences dialogue box controls the Digital to Analog Converter or DAC of the Worx hardware It can be reached by selecting Preferences from the Edit menu Four modes of output are available from this dialogue window Pulse Trains Constant voltage and Step Trains and Step prot
64. d in the Number of Trains box The completed output protocol should look something like Figure 6 5 on page 79 Figure 6 5 Burst of pulses separated by Inter Train Durations Selecting the Constant voltage option on the Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window disables the entry boxes for all stimulus parameters except Amplitude and Delay When the Start button is clicked the voltage set on the Stimulator page is delivered to the low voltage output of the Worx unit The voltage output terminates when the Stop button is pressed Step Protocol The Step Protocol is Available Only on the iWorx 114 214 118 Building Output Step mode is used almost exclusively for voltage clamp protocols In Step mode the amplitude of stimulator output can be increased or decreased in a step wise manner and the user can specify the following parameters Delay Start Amplitude End Amplitude Number of Steps Step Width and Inter Step Width The amplitude of each individual step in the protocol is determined by the_LabScribe program Protocols in Step with the Starting and Ending Amplitudes and the Number of Steps entered on the Stimulator Mode page The equation used to do this calculation is Start Amplitude End Amplitude Voltage Increment Number of Steps If the user knows the voltage increment needed at each step the equation can be transposed to solve for the Number of Steps required in the protocol and this value can be entered
65. d is 4V 21 BM Exercise 1 W214 Sine Wave LabScribe 0 x T2 T1 0 0 0 089 Speed 200 Display Time 2 500 Mark START For Help press F1 NUM Z File Edit View Window Tools Settings Help Scripting oleja ajre malal El wal Pulse Autos cale FullS cale VeV 4 000 Volts 0 Channel2 AutoScale FullScale Ho VYAS 0140 Volts a 2 kT 0 0 0 000 O 0 0 625 0 0 7 250 0 0 1 575 0 0 2 500 EHE Ds Figure 3 4 Cursors placed on LabScribe Main window to measure voltage difference V2 V1 Main Window Display Considerations Managing Recorded data has two important dimensions Length and Height The length is the Time axis and the height is the Amplitude Each of these has its own set of controls The events recorded using LabScribe software may occur over varying time frames For Display Time example recording the discharge curve of a 9 Volt transistor battery could take hours while recording the QRS complex in a human electrocardiogram might take only a fraction of a second LabScribe software allows the recording of both very slow and very fast events while displaying the recorded results in a format that is easily interpreted To manage the time display in the LabScribe software we use a parameter called Display Time Display Time is the amount of time represented by one full screen of data When the program opens the default Display Time is set to 10 seconds Display Time can be changed
66. d it will appear at the bottom of the list box only after the Add button is pressed Click OK to leave the Edit Settings Group window This new settings file will be added to the settings list on the Settings menu when the Edit Settings Group dialogue window is closed Helper files are documents with experimental instructions diagrams and illustrations that can be linked to settings files and displayed on the computer screen when a settings file is selected On the LabScribe installation CD iWorx CB Sciences provides a laboratory manual and a settings group for each of its kits In the installation process a pdf copy of each individual lab experiment in a manual is linked to the corresponding settings file in the settings group for that manual When the user selects a settings file to do a particular experiment a pdf copy of the linked helper file the experimental write up opens in Acrobat Reader The user now has a set of instructions on the computer screen to follow as they do the experiment Users can attach their own helper files to their own settings files Although Worx CB Sciences has chosen to attach pdf documents to its setting files any file HTML Word Perfect MS Word etc can be linked to a settings file To create a new settings file with an attached helper file select the Edit Group function in the Settings menu When the Edit Settings Group dialogue window appears type the name of the new individual settings fil
67. d to the left of the linear display area two drop down menus allow the user to select which channel s Y values will be chosen for the Y and X axes of the XY plot 66 Table Functions The functions selected in the Table Functions list determine the calculations performed on List the data points between the two cursors in the XY plot display The results of the selected calculations are displayed in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the XY View window Right Click Right click in the display area of the XY View window to bring up a menu like the one in Menu in the XY Figure 5 13 on page 67 Selecting Add Title to Journal sends the names of the analyses Plot calculations being performed and displayed at the top of the XY View window to the Journal Selecting Add Data to Journal sends the calculated values for the analyses to the Journal The right click menu also gives the user the option to Zoom In or Zoom Out to refine the selection of linear data only The Zoom In function will expand the area between the cursors to full screen When the Zoom Out function is used the original screen of the Analysis window is positioned in the middle of a 2X larger data set So for each click of the Zoom Out function the time displayed on the window is two times longer wf GuboScale zoom In zoom uk Copy 4dd Data to Jrnl Add Title to Irn pa Figure 5 13 The XY View window right click menu Table Functions Title Y1 Y2
68. dow from the Main window using the Dual Cursors The data to be transferred to the FFT window is selected by placing the cursors on either side of the data of interest Once the data is selected it is transferred from the Main to FFT window when the FFT icon is selected from the LabScribe toolbar or FFT Spectrum is selected from the Window menu In the FFT window there are a linear display Y T and a FFT plot The linear display is the plot of the amplitude Y values as a function of time for the channel selected for the FFT plot The channel to be used in the FFT plot is selected by highlighting the title of the channel from the drop down list next to the linear display 34 The Scope Window Chapter 3 Display Expanding or contracting the time displayed in the FFT window can be controlled by two different methods The Display Time buttons Half or Double Display Time at the top of the FFT window can be used as well as the Zoom In and Zoom Out functions in right click menu of the window To open this menu right click in either of the linear display areas or on the display area of the FFT plot As before these Zoom functions behave just like the Display Time functions on the LabScribe toolbar Data in the FFT window can be scrolled using the bar underneath the linear display The user can also move forward and backward through the recording a block of data at a time by clicking on the Block Down and Block Up buttons on either end o
69. ds work only in the Journal dt Also available from the toolbar Copy Copies the window in the foreground to the clipboard for pasting Also available from the toolbar E Paste Pastes the contents of the clipboard to the Journal Also available from the toolbar Preferences Calls a multi page dialogue box that controls settings for Channels Sampling Stimulator computed Functions Output Sequences and Advanced items The View menu supports display elements unique to the LabScribe software WIE Toolbar w Status Bar Output Sequence Bat Display Views Bar w Stimulator Panel voltmeter w Gnd F Marks j Reset Ch Size Teaching Mode w Research Mode Default view Figure 4 3 The LabScribe View menu Tool bar Hides or displays the LabScribe toolbar Status bar Hides or displays the Windows status bar Output Sequence Bar Hides or displays the Output Sequence toolbar Display Views Bar Shows the available channel views in a toolbar Stimulator Panel Hides or displays the Stimulator toolbar 38 Window Chapter 4 Controls Voltmeter Displays amplitude values in large type and in digital voltmeter fashion to the left of each channel display window Grid Displays a 20 x 8 grid on each channel Marks Opens a submenu with controls for showing hiding or resetting marks Reset Channel Size Returns all open channels to their default screen spacing Teaching Mode limits the functions listed in the r
70. e Worx units Preferences for iWorx for the iWorx 114 214 118 are covered on page 46 104 204 108 sampling Channel 1 8 Stimulator Functions Network Figure 4 10 The pages of the Preferences dialogue window for the iWorx 104 108 204 Sampling Page Number of Sampling Speed Device Channels i Sampl amples au Y per sec G Display Time Seral 10 oe Port 1 Chart Scope STARAT f User C External Trigger i User After jo Points After la TE Figure 4 11 The Sampling page of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 104 108 204 Sampling Speed Sets the number of samples taken every second on each channel Display Time Sets the time and the amount of data displayed on the screen Num Channels Sets the number of channels displayed Device Selects the device from which data will be collected Start Selects the Start mode Refer to the section on Triggering Stop Selects the Stop mode Refer to the section on Triggering Chart Sets the acquisition mode to Chart Scope Sets the acquisition mode to Scope Chapter 4 Controls 43 Channel 1 8 Page Set Scale Calibration Enable Channel max Y min Raw Cal Unit Titles gt Channel 1 5 5 Volts Figure 4 12 The Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 104 108 204 Enable Makes the channel available for recording Channel Title Title or Label assigned to the channel Set Scale Sets the maximum and minimum
71. e Displays version and copyright information pertaining to the LabScribe program Check for Updates Checks the LabScribe com website for the latest version of software Delal leel allel Talk ela eae tee Figure 4 8 The toolbar in the LabScribe Main window New Opens a new file Only one acquisition window may be open at a time Open Opens a previously recorded file Save Saves data to the file currently open Cut Inside the LabScribe program the Cut and Paste commands work only in the Journal z 2 llo Copy Copies the window in the foreground to the clipboard for pasting m Paste Pastes the contents of the clipboard to the Journal mi 41 Print Prints the window in the foreground Help Manual Sends user to the on line version of the LabScribe software manual Main Brings the Main window to the foreground Analysis Brings the Analysis window to the foreground ScopeView Brings the ScopeView window to the foreground XY View Brings the XY View window to the foreground FFT Spectrum Brings the FFT window to the foreground F amp amp B 8 I Marks Brings the marks list to the foreground Journal Brings the Journal to the foreground Stimulator Panel Hides or displays the Stimulator toolbar Half Display Time Reduces the time displayed on the screen by a factor of 1 2 each time the icon is clicked Double Display Time Increases the time displayed on the screen
72. e 52 51 Tolerance Exercise Baseline Tracking Periodic Threshold F 1 50 Tolerance of Max Min Threshold Tolerance of Masx Min 1 Baseline Tracking slow fast Figure 5 2 The Periodic section of the Preferences dialogue window A second Periodic control known as Tolerance or hysteresis is present on the Functions page of the Preferences dialogue window Tolerance is used to reduce false triggering due to noise in the signal By default the tolerance is set at 3 if the threshold is set at 60 then the signal has to cross from below 58 5 60 3 2 to above 61 5 60 3 2 for a threshold crossing to be detected The maximum value between two threshold crossings is taken to be the peak and adjacent peaks are used to calculate the periodic functions To see Threshold and Tolerance in use record some pulse data using the Tutorial setting from one of the Settings groups Apply the Rate function to the channel below the recording channel The Rate function must be able to ignore the second small wave associated with each larger pulse wave otherwise it will report a rate that is twice what it should be Using the Rate function on an ECG would mean that Threshold and Tolerance should be set so that only one wave of the three separate and distinct waves per beat can be counted The next challenge to programming a Periodic calculation is to exclude the baseline drift The most commonly observed signal in the P
73. e 6 9 on page 81 will place a Stimulator Stimulator Control Panel Figure 6 10 on page 81 on the Main window if the stimulator is Panel programmed to be in Pulse and Constant modes View Toolbar w Status Bar Output Sequence Bat Display Views Bar w Stimulator Panel voltmeter w Gnd Marks Reset Ch Size Teaching Mode w Research Mode Default view Figure 6 9 The View menu Changes to the pulse amplitude width frequency and number of pulses can be made as recording is proceeding To complete the changes the Apply button must be clicked Ampa 00 Wims 4 5 0 FHA 100 N45 Applyi Figure 6 10 The Stimulator Control Panel Note The Stimulator preferences dialog will draw whatever protocol you specify Be sure to examine the output representation carefully before closing the dialog to confirm that this is in fact the output that you want If you request junk the stimulator will deliver exactly what you ask Chapter 6 Input and Output 81 Stimulator On iWorx 114 214 118 the stimulator output can be fed to a channel on the LabScribe Display recording window by the hardware So it is possible to view the stimulator output on any channel without using a cable to connect the output to an input eee outi Right click on the channel Select Stimulator Dspl and then aa Out Out1 or Out2 Out2 displays the second stimulator output DAC2 and is available only on the Worx 118 Stimulus Expe
74. e Display area are always the difference between Cursor 2 and Cursor 1 Cursor 2 minus Cursor 1 If the data is scrolled so that one of the cursors is no longer on the screen that cursor is automatically garaged and the display goes to Single Cursor mode Load the datafile Exercise1 iwd in the Program Files gt Worx gt LabScribe gt tutorial files folder by selecting the Open item in the File Menu The data displayed on Channel 1 is a 2V sine wave Note that the Value in the Value Display area corresponds to the voltage of the last data point farthest to the right in the window e Select Single Cursor mode by pressing the Single Cursor icon in the toolbar Figure 3 3 on page 20 e Record the value that corresponds to the position of the cursor e Click hold and drag the cursor over the highest point in a given cycle of the data Adjust the position of the cursor bar left or right by using the LEFT or RIGHT arrow keys on the keyboard Adjust the position of the cursor bar so that the Value in the Value Display area reads 2V e Call the Dual Cursor mode by pressing the Dual Cursor icon in the toolbar Figure 3 3 on page 20 e Position Cursor 1 so that it is over the maximum value in a given cycle then position Cursor 2 over the minimum value as shown Figure 3 4 on page 22 The Value reported will be 4V Now drag Cursor 2 to the minimum value before Cursor 1 When you release Cursor 2 it becomes Cursor 1 and the new Value reporte
75. e in the blank area at the top of the dialogue window Then use the Browse button in the lower right corner of the Edit Settings Group window Figure 7 4 on page 90 to locate the helper file on the computer being used Once the helper file is found using the browser select the file and click the Open button on the browser window The path to the helper file will appear in the Associated Help File box Press the Add button This new settings file is now part of the current group and it will appear at the bottom of the list box only after the Add button is pressed Click OK to leave the Edit Settings Group window This new settings file will be added to the settings list on the Settings menu when the Edit Settings Group dialogue window is closed If the new settings file is selected from the list its associated helper file will open automatically To remove or rename a settings file select Edit Group from the Settings Menu In the list box on the Edit Settings Group window highlight the file to be removed or renamed its name will appear in the title field the box above the list box Click Remove to delete the selected settings file from the settings group If the file is to be renamed change the name in the title field and click Rename Click OK to close the Edit Settings Group dialogue window The settings file that was removed or renamed no longer appears in the list under the Settings Menu An individual settings file may be edited using
76. e selected channel and returns the DWT at the level selected In LabScribe V1 8 this function works only off line 60 Analyses of the Second Kind Digested Data Analysis Window Setup Chapter 1 Analysis The functions in this kind of analysis take a group of data points selected by the user and digests them into a single value These values can be saved to a Journal within LabScribe or exported to other programs This kind of analysis can proceed in the Analysis window or the ScopeView window There are currently 31 functions available in the LabScribe program to do this kind of analysis Some of the functions are Mean Max or Max Min While the use of second kind functions is the same in both windows Analysis and ScopeView the set up and layout is slightly different from window to window Each window and the use of second kind functions are described below The Analysis window see Figure 5 9 on page 62 is used to display and perform calculations on selected pieces of data captured from the Main window The data used in the Analysis window is defined by placing the cursors on either side of the data while it is displayed in the Main window The data is then captured by either clicking the Analysis icon on the LabScribe toolbar or selecting Analysis from the Windows menu Data from all channels within the selected area is displayed in the Analysis window The channels containing the data of interest can be chosen for disp
77. e set to control the Integral functions These are found in the Integral section on the Functions page of the Preferences dialogue window All these parameters are involved in setting or maintaining the zero line for the Integral calculation 53 Zero As mentioned above the Integral function adds the amplitudes of successive data points and plots the total The problem is determining where the zero line is located LabScribe and most other data programs take the value zero volts as the zero line If real units such as grams or mmHg are used the LabScribe software will take the zero units value as zero LabScribe also has a Use First Number points as zero option When the box next to this function is checked the first Number of data points collected are averaged and used by the program as zero This feature is particularly useful when trying to integrate signals that are difficult to zero manually An example of the application of this feature is illustrated in Figure 5 3 on page 54 The output of a respiratory flow sensor is the raw data displayed on the upper channel in each window the lower channel in each window is the integral of the upper channel or the volume flowing through the sensor In this example the setting of zero is critical because any offset of the raw data from zero will be taken as a flow and subsequently be interpreted as a volume Two examples of the respi ratory integral are shown In each case the flow
78. e undone Down Sample Used to downsample the data This reduces the information in the file and should be used with caution Warning This cannot be undone The Settings menu contains functions to load and edit files containing preset recording and analysis parameters Selecting a file from the list programs LabScribe to record data in a specified manner Settings Load Group Edit Group Festi beste testa Figure 4 6 The LabScribe Settings menu 40 Help Toolbars Main toolbar Chapter 4 Controls Load Group Loads a group of existing setting files Each file contains the recording and analysis parameters needed in LabScribe to record a specific experiment or type of data Edit Group Allows the user to edit existing settings files in a group remove them from a group or to add new ones to a group Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Examples of the names given to the experimental settings in a group The Help menu provides links to information about the LabScribe software and hardware Tip of the Day Help Manual Wor on the web About LabScribe Check For Updates Figure 4 7 The LabScribe Help menu Tip of the Day Selecting this function displays a important bit of information about LabScribe and Worx units Help Manual Sends user to the on line version of the LabScribe software manual Also P available from the toolbar iWorx on the Web Takes the user to the iWorx home page About LabScrib
79. eck the recording If the Periodic function is still being dropped online increase the amount of filtering by moving the Baseline Tracking slide bar another 10 Rate All Periodic functions are selected in the same manner To use any of these Frequency functions right click on the display area of the channel where the function is Period to be displayed Select Periodic from the right click menu and a submenu Mare appears Select one of the functions in the submenu By default raw data will Min be collected on the channel immediately above the calculated channel Mean Channel 1 for calculated Channel 2 Channel 3 for calculated Channel 4 BMS etc Use the Set Raw Channel function at the bottom of the right click menu for the calculated channel to select a different channel as the source of raw data Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the raw data then AutoScale the calculated channel No other setup is required The functions in the Periodic submenu are Rate The program takes the period in seconds and divides this value into 60 The result is a rate which is expressed in beats per minute Frequency The program takes the period in seconds and divides this value into 1 The result is a frequency which is expressed in Hz or cycles per second Period The program takes the Period for each cycle Min The program examines all of the points in the current period and finds the lowest value Max The program exam
80. ection The Zoom In function will expand the area between the cursors to full screen When the Zoom Out function is used the original screen of the Analysis window is positioned in the middle of a 2X larger data set So for each click of the Zoom Out function the time displayed on the window is two times longer wf SuboScale foam In zoom Out Copy Add Data to Irn Add Title to Irn el Figure 5 10 The Analysis window right click menu The Table Functions are the same for the Analysis window and ScopeView windows and are described after the ScopeView setup The ScopeView window see Figure 5 11 on page 64 is used to display and perform calcula tions on Sweeps of data recorded on the Main window while it is configured in Scope mode In the ScopeView window DIFFERENT time segments or sweeps of data from the SAME channel are displayed This differs from the Analysis window where the SAME time segment of data from ALL channels is displayed For a discussion of sweeps and acquisition in the Scope mode see the Scope section of Chapter 3 Acquisition To enter the ScopeView window click the ScopeView icon on the LabScribe toolbar or select ScopeView from the Window menu All sweeps from the selected channel are displayed in the ScopeView window Sweeps of interest can be selected in the Display Sweeps list on the left side of the ScopeView window Use the standard Windows commands SHIFT CLICK and CONTROL CLICK The selected sweeps are
81. either of two methods If the settings file has an error or an omission select the settings file from the list on the Settings Menu Once the settings file is loaded and the computer screen has configured itself according to the commands from the settings file go to the Preferences dialogue window under the Edit Menu on the LabScribe Main window Make the needed changes to the settings file Chapter 7 Using Settings 91 Renaming Settings Appending a Settings to this Group Exporting and Importing Settings Then select Edit Group from the Settings Menu Once the Edit Settings Group dialogue window is open highlight the name of the setting file that was edited and click the Remove button This is done because the old name of the settings file needs to be removed from the list box before the revised settings file can be renamed and saved Type the new name of the revised settings file in the title box above the list box Click the Add button and the new name of the revised settings file will be added to the list box To rename a settings file pull down the Settings Menu and select Edit Group From the list box in the Edit Settings Group dialogue window select the settings file to be renamed Type the new name of the settings file in the title box above the list box Click Rename Settings files can be appended from one Settings Group to another First load the settings group that will receive the settings files from the other group
82. en value the next Mark containing a particular alpha numeric STRING and more Like Find routines Auto Find routines may be constructed from the various parameters available and saved in the Auto Find folder For 71 Auto Find Example Specific Events periodic functions maximum values and minimum values LabScribe uses the threshold values set for Periodic data on the Functions page in the Preferences dialogue window for the Main window Just like other measurements of periodic data the data must be scaled properly which can be accomplished in most cases by clicking the AutoScale button in the Main window As an example the Auto Find routine can be used to place cursors on all the R waves in an ECG record and to measure the period T2 T1 of each beat The easiest way to begin the Auto Find routine is to manually place the cursors on the two successive R waves at the beginning of the record When selecting the commands to use in this routine the user should ask themselves Where are the next two data points that are needed for measuring the next period T2 T1 The answer is that the first data point in the next period is the second R wave from the preceding period and the second R wave in the next period is the next maximum value or R wave in succession Therefore to make accurate measurements on the next period the Auto Find window is programmed to set the Cursor 1 Position to be Old Cursor 2 and the Cursor 2 Position to be t
83. ends the values for these calculations to the Journal Chapter 1 Analysis 69 Table Functions Title Power Curl Power Cur2 Freql Freq2 Power Ratio Copy Export This right click menu also has Zoom In or Zoom Out functions which allow the user to refine display of the FFT plot As explained in other analyses the cursors in this plot can be used to determine the portions of the data to be expanded to full screen Soon In oor Out Copy w Power w Normalize 4dd Data To Irn Add Title to Irn Figure 5 14 The FFT window right click menu This group of functions simply reports the Power and Frequency values at Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 in the FFT plot The Power Ratio returns a value equal to Power Cur1 Power Cur2 Use the Copy command in the Edit menu to copy the view of data displayed in the FFT and Print FFT window This image can be pasted into any program including the Journal that supports the Windows Analyses clipboard To export the data viewed use the Export command in the File menu Select the format of the exported file from the list at the bottom of the Export File window To print the data viewed use the Print command in the File menu The print range which is either the selection in the FFT window or all the data can be selected in the Print window of the Fourth Kind Detected Data Conditions LabScribe software can be used to identify Regions Of Interest ROI in recorded data The iden
84. eriodic category is blood pressure Setting thresholds on this type of data is useful only if the diastolic value does not change dramatically over the course of the experiment The program could be made to compensate for such changes by clicking the AutoScale button while recording If the observer wants to look at the entire range of pressures while following rate it is not convenient to use AutoScale repeatedly LabScribe handles drift on the baseline by using a Baseline Tracking function which is also located in the Periodic section of the Functions page in the Preferences dialogue window Baseline Tracking applies a HIGH PASS filter that has adjustable strength to the data before LabScribe determines the Rate or any other Periodic function HIGH PASS filters and AC COUPLING can constrain the signal around zero In our example of measuring blood pressure Periodic functions can be done without complications from changes in the diastolic value Using Baseline Tracking while using Rate or any other Periodic function means that the data is faith fully followed even through dramatic changes of the baseline 52 Setup Activating Periodic Transforms Integral Chapter 1 Analysis If baseline shifts are causing a loss of a Periodic function online proceed to the Functions page in the Preferences dialogue window To use Baseline Tracking advance the Baseline Tracking slide bar about 10 from the left side Return to the Main window and ch
85. examines the recorded data in the current screen and adjusts the display so that the data is centered along the y axis and the amplitude is adjusted to allow the best possible view of all of the data The AutoScale button is located on the channel bar of each data channel e Clicking the AutoScale button resizes the data and centers it on the current screen The AutoScale button can be used as frequently as needed e Clicking the AutoScale button when large artifact spikes are present on the screen will result in a smaller than optimal display of real data since the AutoScale function sets the highest and lowest data points close to the upper and lower limits of the screen 3 The value display box also appears on the channel bar above the channel window The amplitude value of the data at the position of the cursor or the value of the data point that is currently being recorded is displayed in the box in the units you specified If you are using Dual Cursor Mode the difference between the amplitudes at Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 will be displayed 4 To the right of the value display box you will see a red triangle which is used to move the channel bar up and down Moving the triangle changes the size of the channel window and the amount of space allocated to the adjacent channels Shows Data Fullscale Changes amount of space Autoscales Data allocated to this chanel Channel Title Displays value at cursoris Y N eo WAVicspooo Woks Lead
86. f the scroll bar in the FFT window Moat hed EFAS D heft ay ree bi Figure 3 18 Two views of Data displayed in linear top and in FFT Mode bottom on the FFT Window When the FFT window is open only the functions and calculations more appropriate for the FFT plot are available in the Table Functions list This is discussed in greater detail in the Analysis chapter As described in the Acquisition chapter Scope mode is a different way of looking at the data being recorded Normally the events recorded in Chart mode are slow and continuous The events recorded in Scope mode are fast and collected in a series of sweeps of limited duration All of the sweeps in series are the same length Moving data from the Main Chart window to the Analysis window allows the data from the same time segment for each recorded channel to be overlaid The ScopeView window is similar but it allows different time segments of the same channel to be overlaid on the window In ScopeView the Channel pop down menu lists the channels that can be displayed in the ScopeView window Selecting a channel will have its sweeps or blocks displayed in the ScopeView window The Display Sweeps list box controls which sweeps for the selected channel are displayed Multiple sweeps can be selected using the standard Windows SHIFT CLICK and CONTROL CLICK commands to add or remove sweeps 35 36 Chapter 4 Controls Menus File Chapter 4 Controls The LabScr
87. f the selected data is displayed in the area below the linear graph of the raw data The FFT display area has its own right click menu with the Zoom In and Zoom Out functions and set of Dual Cursors These features can be used to expand or contract the area of the FFT graph between the cursors This set of Dual Cursors also reports the values for the selected Table Functions listed to the left side of the FFT window The values and the titles which are listed in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the window can be copied to the Journal by using the functions in the right click menu for the FFT display area FFT Window Components Display Channel Located to the left of the linear display area this drop down menu allows the user to select the List channel to be used in the FFT plot Table Functions The calculations to be performed on the region of the FFT plot between the Dual Cursors are List selected from the Table Functions list to the left of the FFT display area The results of the selected calculations are displayed in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the FFT window Right Click Right click in the FFT display area to bring up a menu like the one in Figure 5 14 on page 70 Menu in the FFT Selecting Add Title to Journal sends the names of the analyses calculations being performed Plot and displayed in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the FFT window to the Journal Selecting Add Data to Journal s
88. from Channel pop down menu in the upper left corner of the Analysis window The precision of the calculations performed is adjustable from the Precision pop down below the Value from Channel pop down menu There are 31 analytical functions available in the Table Functions list in the lower left side of the Analysis window The functions are described below The values listed in the Calculated Value Display area can be sent to the Journal for formatting and inclusion in reports To do this right click in the display area in the Analysis window and select Add Title or Add Data to Jrnil These commands are also accessible from the Tools menu The Analysis window can also be copied printed or exported to ASCII png or omp format documents 61 FA Pulse Wave Velocity IWX 214 PulseWaveVelocity LabScribe tae PA IESE T2711 Max _Min 2 645 0 011 0 036 Precision E Stacked Display Channels Pwl Integral Pll Integral T able Functions wv Ann aag 0 14 3 334 0 14 5 319 ee gl E gt im For Help press Fi Figure 5 9 The LabScribe Analysis window Analysis Window Components Display The Display Channels list allows the user to pick which channels to display in the Analysis Channels List window Clicking on a channel name selects the channel and deselects any other channel that was previously selected Multiple channels can be selected using the standard Windows commands SHIFT CLICK and CONTRO
89. from the signal click on the left boundary of the BLUE area and drag this boundary to the right After clicking and dragging a boundary it can be placed more accurately with the arrow keys on the keyboard Boundaries can be placed in configurations that create High Pass Low Pass Band Pass Figure 5 6 on page 57 or Notch filters Notice that the Filter is subject to the Nyquist limitation of frequency The maximum frequency in the Set Filter window is exactly half of the sample frequency The Power function performs a Fast Fourier Transform FFT on data in the selected channel and returns the average Power in the frequency band selected Power Ok 100 Cancel h I l i l 1 20 40 60 a0 100 Frequency Low Cutoff 20 00 H Frequency Resolution Bes oMa zZ Corresponds to 1 sec window High Cutotf 60 00 Hz Figure 5 7 The Power dialogue window from the channel right click menu In LabScribe V1 8 this function works only off line The graphic interface in the Power dialogue window is similar to the one in the Set Filter dialogue window The band of frequencies selected from the Power dialogue window are not filtered but they are subjected to a FFT or Spirometry Activating Volume Function Cardiac whose output is known as a Power number In addition to specifying the range of frequencies transformed the frequency resolution can be selected The higher the frequency resolution the more data points required to
90. ft Resetting the trace periodically will return it to zero Both Integral functions are selected in the same manner To use either of these functions right click on the display area of the channel where the function is to be displayed Select Integral from the right click menu and a submenu appears Select one of the functions in the submenu Regular 465 Integral By default raw data will be collected on the channel immediately above the calculated channel Channel 1 for calculated Channel 2 Channel 3 for calculated Channel 4 etc Use the Set Raw Channel function at the bottom of the right click menu for the calculated channel to select a different channel as the source of raw data Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the raw data then AutoScale the calculated channel No other setup is required The functions in the Integral submenu are Integral As mentioned above the integral function adds the value of successive data points and plots the total Abs Integral The Absolute Value of the Integral as the name implies makes all values of the integral positive and plots the running total The Abs Integral is used for analysis of cyclic data such as unit action potentials or EMG data The integral value is programmed to reset after each cycle The Derivative function calculates the derivative at each point in the raw data and then displays it on the calculated channel On the channel where the Derivative
91. hannel 50 SetScale 6 settings 5 Settings file 89 91 adding 90 calling 89 deleting 91 editing 91 Settings menu 8 40 51 89 90 91 single cursor mode 7 20 21 29 31 Spectrum 6 39 Spirometry 6 8 58 Stacked 61 Status bar 38 Stimulator 6 38 stimulator 75 77 89 Stimulator Panel 38 Stop 14 Sweep 17 system requirements 1 T Teaching Mode 39 technical support 3 temporal resolution 9 Threshold 45 LabScribe DataAcquisition Software Manual Tiled 62 Time 22 Tolerance 45 Tool bar 38 toolbar 4 20 21 29 31 38 42 Tools menu 8 94 Trigger 15 U Units 6 units 5 21 converting 26 inverting the trace 28 V Views 31 Voltmeter 31 Volumes 6 W Wave to Wave 8 50 Windows menu 8 29 31 X XY 8 XY View 34 Z Zoom In 25 Zoom Out 25
92. harge curve of a 9 Volt transistor battery which can take hours or very fast like the QRS complex in a human electrocardiogram which may take only a fraction of a second LabScribe software allows you to record both slow and fast events while displaying the recorded results in a format that is easily interpreted To manage the temporal display of your data in the LabScribe software a parameter called screen time is used 1 Screen time is simply the amount of time represented by one full screen of data When the program opens the default screen time is set to 10 seconds You can change the screen time by using the Half or Double Display Time controls in the toolbar Figure 1 1 on page 4 Half Display Time 4 iz Deuble Display Time Figure l 1 The Display Time icons on the LabScribe Main window toolbar Controls The Preferences Dialogue Pages e Clicking the Half Display Time button big mountain halves the screen time So a 10 second full screen display becomes a five second full screen display effectively doubling the display resolution e Clicking the Double Display Time button little mountain doubles the screen time Therefore a 10 second full screen display becomes a 20 second full screen display allowing twice as much data to be displayed on one screen 2 To manage the vertical display on the data on the y axis of the window the LabScribe software uses an AutoScale feature The AutoScale function
93. he Cut Copy and Paste commands located in the Edit Menu of the program The Copy command always looks at the window in the foreground For instance using the Copy command while the Main window is in the foreground copies the data in the Main window to the clipboard as a picture Adjusting the screen time affects what data will be included in the picture Copying data is best done from the Analysis window you have more control over which channels and time domain will be displayed and copied Select areas of data in the file can be saved for export e Select the area of data to be saved and exported using the Dual Cursor mode in the Main window e Click the Analysis button in the toolbar to view the selected data in the Analysis window e Open the File menu and select Export A dialog box appears and provides for the naming and format of the file to be exported from the Analysis window Files to be exported can be saved pictures bmp bitmap and png portable network graphics formats are currently supported text file txt ASCII or atf Axon Text as a MatLab file mat or a DADiSP file dat e Complete data files can be saved from the Main window as a MatLab file or DADiSP file Chapter 1 Quick Start T Analysis Journal Calculations Apart from the cursor measurements available in the LabScribe Main window analysis occurs in two places Data manipulation close examination and a variety of calculations are handled
94. he Next Max After the number of repetitions specified or the specified end of the Auto Find routine is reached the Auto Find routine can be saved by clicking Save on the dialogue window The named Auto Find routines are saved as iwa files and they can be called by clicking on the Load button in the dialogue window FIND Cursor 1 Position Old Cure 0 SEC Cancel Cursor 2 Position Next Max E FEC Load ECG Save Extract Data From Repeat Until Number 0 Pulse Wave Pulse Wave Il Remember Last Found Figure 5 15 The Auto Find dialogue window The detection of Specific events within a recording requires the use of an algorithm to find the point or region of interest ROI The LVEDP the R in an ECG and the P wave in an ECG are good examples of Specific events Detection of these data points requires a defined software routine that resides in the LabScribe program The routines are accessible by selecting Auto Mark from the Tools menu and the name of the specific event from the Auto Mark pull down menu When the detection routine is run on the selected data the software puts Marks on the data at the detected points The automatic placement of Marks on the data accomplishes two things first it identifies the data points that need to be manipulated second it provides the user with visual cues to confirm that the software did the job of detecting the correct points Based on the instructions given to Lab
95. he event Events that are best captured using the Scope mode are brief and repetitive Action potentials and most neurophysiological signals are good examples of signals that are best recorded in Scope mode In addition to being able to capture a very brief event in time a proper trigger is needed to begin the recording of the event at the moment it takes place Using the example of stop motion photography if the high speed camera snapped the picture too soon or too late the picture may not show the event that was trying to be captured So the acquisition of data at the right moment requires a proper trigger In the Scope mode either of the previously discussed non manual modes External Trigger or Trigger from Channel can be used to start the sweep Scope mode can be enabled from the Sampling page in the Preferences dialogue window which is accessible under the Edit Menu Data can be acquired on as many channels as are available in Scope mode Data can be viewed in either Chart or Scope format with some limita tions Switching between formats can be accomplished by clicking on the ScopeView or Main window icons in the LabScribe toolbar The limitations to viewing data in the Scope or Chart format are the following e f data is recorded in Scope mode each sweep or record segment is treated as a block of data When viewed in Chart mode sweeps or blocks are laid end to end in the order that they were acquired Data can be scrolled a
96. his is the height or voltage of the pulse or wave being generated The amplitude programmed from the Preference window will be the same for all pulses leaving the stimulus output unless the amplitude is changed manually from the Preference window or the Stimulator Control Panel or automatically from a programmed sequence more later Number of Pulses This is the number of pulses in one train Pulse Width The pulse is the basic unit of an output protocol and it has two basic dimen sions amplitude as described above and length The length of the pulse is also called pulse width or pulse duration The pulse duration is adjustable between 0 1ms and the period of the pulse as programmed by the Pulse Frequency Pulse Frequency This is the number of programmed pulses that are delivered in one second period of time Pulse frequency is adjustable between 0 1Hz and 5000Hz The maximum frequency that can be set is dependent on the pulse duration In the case of the Worx 104 204 the frequency is also dependent on the sampling rate Remember that the period P is the inverse of the frequency F or P 1 F Chapter 6 Input and Output T7 Number of Trains Number of Trains Inter Train Duration The length of time between successive trains or bursts Holding Potential This is a voltage between and 5V that can be programmed to shift the resting voltage of an excitable tissue like a nerve It is also known as a holding voltage because it c
97. ibe software supports all of the elements found in a standard File menu File Mew Ckrl N Open Cbhrl O Save Cbrl 5 Save As Export Doc Properties Print Ctrl F Print Preview Print setip 1 untitled Exit Figure 4 1 The LabScribe File menu E New Opens a new file Only one acquisition window may be open at a time This function DB is also available from the toolbar Open Opens a previously recorded file and is also available from the toolbar al eal Save Saves data to the file currently open and is also available from the toolbar Save As Saves data to a new file with a different name or format Export Allows the user to export the data viewed as text a picture or in a variety of formats appropriate to external analysis programs Doc Properties Shows sample speed gain and other information concerning the data in the file Print Prints the window in the foreground and is also available from the toolbar Print Preview Previews the image to be printed Print Setup Dialogue box for control of the printing characteristics Recent File Displays the last four files opened by LabScribe Exit Quits the program 37 Edit View The LabScribe software supports elements found in a standard Edit menu Edit Undo Chrl 2 Cut Ctrl Copy Chrl C Paste Ctrl Figure 4 2 The LabScribe Edit menu Undo Un does the last command Cut Inside the LabScribe program Cut and Paste comman
98. ice that the program reports the current values in voltage at each cursor and the repre sentative converted values Selecting Off in this dialogue window returns the original display to Volts as the default unit When recording physical parameters such as temperature pressure or force it is best if the polarity of the data display matches the real world behavior of the parameter For example if the observed temperature goes up the trace on the computer screen should go up Increasing pressure or force should also produce a positive or upward deflection of the trace Depending how sensors and amplifiers are wired this may or may not be the case In the event that the data display has the wrong sense or polarity the trace can be inverted by selecting Invert from the right click menu of any data channel As with Units Conversions the Invert function can be switched Off at any time The LabScribe software can record lots of data but the data of interest must easily be located and retrieved to be useful Also information needs to be extracted from the data to make it useful To locate specific sections of data and to differentiate parts of the record from one another it is possible to put Marks on the data while LabScribe is recording Marks are one of three navigation tools provided by the LabScribe software In addition to being made on line Marks can be inserted and edited after the recording has stopped 28 Making Marks On Line Maki
99. ight click menu and Preferences windows to those commonly used in teaching Research Mode expands the functions listed in the right click menu and permits use of the Advanced page in the Preferences dialogue window Views Allows the user to select any of the views of the Main window created on the Advanced page of the Preferences dialogue window See Research Mode The Window menu allows the different windows used to display data to be selected Window Main Analysis ScopeYiewm Journal Marks Preview at View FF TRSpectrum EE A EE Figure 4 4 The LabScribe Window menu Main Brings the Main window to the foreground Also available from the LabScribe A toolbar Analysis Brings the Analysis window to the foreground Also available from the LabScribe toolbar VP ScopeView Brings the ScopeView window to the foreground Also available from the LabScribe toolbar Journal Brings the Journal to the foreground Also available from the LabScribe toolbar Marks Brings the Marks list to the foreground Also available from the LabScribe toolbar ltt BR Preview Brings the Preview window to the foreground where real time inputs into all open channels are displayed z XY View Brings the XY View window to the foreground Also available from the ig LabScribe toolbar FFT Spectrum Brings the FFT window to the foreground Also available from the FFT LabScribe toolbar 39 Tools Settings The Tools menu
100. in the Analysis window and wave to wave transforms are called from each channel s right click menu while viewing the Main window For specific information on analyses that each of these categories can perform refer to the chapter in this manual on Analysis The basics are summa rized in this chapter On a given selection of data displayed in the Analysis window the program can calculate and report the selected parameters These are displayed across the top of the window in the Calcu lated Value Display area By selecting the Send To Journal items in the Tools menu or right click menu these values for the selected parameters can be sent to a part of the LabScribe program called the Journal The Journal is an internal word processing application capable of accepting calculated numbers from the Analysis FFT or XY window as well as copied pictures from any window In addition to values and pictures text can be put into the Journal using the keyboard This allows lab reports or explanatory documents to be composed without having to leave the LabScribe program The Journal contents are saved to disk in the popular rtf format so that saved Journal documents can be imported and opened for editing or printing by any commercially available word processing program To access the Journal select the Journal item from the Windows menu of the LabScribe software or the Journal icon on the LabScribe toolbar In the Analysis window data can be reduced us
101. in the Prefer ences dialogue pages can be set These include Input Mode Units SetScale and Title More importantly raw data can be transformed by computed functions and displayed as values which provide an easier interpretation of the data For example cyclic data like that of an ECG can be transformed by Rate function to a plot of the subject s heart rate BPM Some of the functions available include Frequency Period Integral Derivative Channel Math Spirometry Volumes and EEG Power Spectrum By default the source of raw data for the transformation is set to the channel above the computed function channel but the channel that is the source of the raw data can be specified through the Set Raw Ch function on the right click menu Some other functions like software based Filters and Stimulator Displays are also controlled from the right click menu Data recorded in a file can be saved closed and opened at a later time for analysis To save the recorded data in a file select Save As in the File menu Name the file in the file name box Choose a destination on the computer in which to save the file e g the Worx or class folder Click the Save button to save the file as an iwd file Once recorded data is navigated or moved through in a few ways Analysis Window An area of the data can be selected for viewing and measurement in the Analysis window Marks 1 Use the screen time controls Half or Double Dis
102. ines all of the points in the current period and finds the highest value Mean The program examines all of the points in the current period and finds the average of all values RMS The program examines all of the points in the current period and finds the Root Mean Square value for all points The integral is the area under the curve The Integral function as executed by the LabScribe software calculates a continuous sum of all the data points on a given channel and plots the running total Data points with values above zero make the Integral larger those with values less than zero make the Integral smaller To successfully complete the calculation of the Integral the location of the zero line and the portion of the data being examined need to be known Setting the baseline of the raw data channel to zero is the more important of the two require ments since this function defines the difference between positive and negative areas of the recording If the baseline of the raw data record is in the positive range of amplitudes then the Integral will have a positive slope even though no signal is present Conversely if the baseline of the raw data is in the negative range the Integral will have a negative slope The portion of raw data to be integrated should be a manageable size If too much raw data is integrated navigating through the data and measuring changes in the Integral value is more difficult There are two parameters that can b
103. ing mathematical operators like mean or maximum These operators generally take a selection of data operate on it and produce a single number as a result A second and quite different type of analysis requires that an entire set of data be trans formed point for point into a completely different but related set of data Transforming data into its first derivative is a good example of this type of analysis LabScribe software includes several of these Wave to Wave transforms in the right click menu of each channel The list of available functions is always expanding LabScribe V1 8 includes Periodic functions Integrals Derivatives Channel Math Filters Power Spirometry Cardiac and EEG By default calculated channels always use the channel immediately above them as the raw data channel This works if the channel above the calculated channel can be used as a source of the signal to be transformed For example if you select the Rate function under Periodic to be displayed on Channel 4 of a 214 the pulse transducer can be connected to Channel 3 But transformed data can also be displayed on channels that do not have inputs Channels 5 6 7 8 or channels that are unused Going to the Set Raw Channel item at the bottom of the channel right click menu allows the source of the raw data to be selected from the channels listed in the submenu These calculations are also available in the Function list on the Channels window of the Preference
104. ings Help posel eel al malal i a T2 T1 0 0 0 000 Speed 200 Display Time 40 000s Mak START 0 244 Pulse AutoScale FullScale V2V1 40 000 Volts 0 126 ee Rate AutoScale FullScale i i 3 i 2 1 4 0 000 bpm a 5 Integral AutoScale FullScale V2V1 0 000 Volts s te Dp adt AutoScale FullScale j i i i j i i V2 V1 40 000 Volts s 1 sa Systolic AutoScale FullScale i i i i j V2V1 40 000 Volts Diastolic AutoScale FullScale V2V1 40 000 Volts nns AutoScale FullScale V2V1 0 000 Volts AutoScale FullScale V2V1 0 000 Volts 1 01 I I I I I I I I I 0 5 37 095 0 5 47 095 0 5 57 095 0 6 7 095 0 6 17 095 co Eilat For Help press F1 start C Control Panel Yk MetaCreations Painter Cl a untitled 1WX118 def BQ 4 10PM Figure 3 1 The LabScribe Main window Chapter 3 Display 19 Each channel has its own set of controls located in a Channel Bar immediately above each channel s data window Figure 3 2 on page 20 Y axis scaling is printed to the left of the data The Channel Bar contains the Channel Title buttons for Y axis display control Autoscale Zoom In Zoom Out FullScale and Preferred Scale and a Value Display area The Value Display box located to the extreme right on the channel bar will display different things depending on the state of the program While recording the Value Display box shows the value of the
105. int the recorded data The LabScribe software uses a WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get printing scheme That is the print command will print the forward window exactly as it appears This is particularly important for the Journal and the Analysis window These windows require that the correct segments of data be displayed exactly as you want to print them before they can be printed Call up a print dialog that offers three print options 1 Print all 2 Print a selected range of pages 3 Print just the current display It is also possible to change the print setup from the print dialogue It is important to note that the Main window prints the entire recorded file at the screen time selected In other words a 60 second data file would print in one page if the screen time were set to 60 two pages if screen time was 30 and so on Cutting Copying and Pasting LabScribe supports cutting and copying from all windows Copying is done from any window using the Copy command in the Edit menu Within the LabScribe program pasting is supported only in the Journal To paste into the Journal first copy data from either the Main or Analysis windows Open the Journal and go to the Edit menu Select Paste Journal images can be copied and pasted to other programs for editing Saving and Saving As Chapter 8 Export Once recorded the LabScribe program can save data in its own binary format using the Save or Save As command found in the File men
106. it can be connected to one of its own BNC inputs On the Worx 104 and 118 this is easily accom plished by using a BNC BNC cable However the stimulator outputs of the Worx 114 214 and 204 units are three color coded banana jacks so a Double Banana BNC adapter or cable is needed to connect two of the banana jacks to one of the BNC inputs To record positive pulses connect the adapter to the positive red and ground green banana jacks to record negative pulses connect the adapter to the negative black and ground green banana jacks Double Banana adapters have a flag or bump on one side that indicates that side should be attached to the ground jack Warning Never connect both the positive red and the negative black banana outputs of a 114 214 or 204 unit to its own inputs at the same time as this causes a short circuit that could damage the amplifier These red and black outputs can be connected to other devices nerve chambers stimulating electrodes and more at the same time but not to its own inputs at the same time 1 To construct and record some examples of stimulus pulses select Preferences from the Edit menu On the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window set a channel that has a BNC input to record at 10 000 samples sec and display 0 5 second on the screen Figure 6 2 on page 76 Preferences Channels Sampling Stimulator Functions Output Sequences Advanced Sampling Speed i agog
107. l l l 0 0 005 0 01 0 015 0 02 0 025 0 03 0 035 Figure 6 13 Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window set for testing an Output Sequence Chapter 6 Input and Output 83 Stimulator Page Toolbar Steps Freq Hz 1 Amp V 0 05 Time ms 0 1 Initial Parameters Delay 5 ms Amplitude 0 25 V Number of Pulses 1 Pulse Width 0 1 ms Pulse Frequency 100 Hz Holding Voltage OV Output Sequence Page Preferences On the Stimulator page select Pulses as the stimulating mode and set the parameters Channels Sampling Stimulator Functions Output Sequences Advanced Load Output Sequences File Inc Amp Stim Mark Record Edit Stakes Save Output Sequences File Sequences _ w Mame State Mark iss Add Rename ate a a mh as Current Sequence CAPRecnuit Del DO1 Off DOOR no lac Amp Stim DO Off DOZORF no Add Stat DO3 Of DOO no Becoe ae DO4 Off DO40RF no Lg DOS Off DOS OF no COE Ott DOB Ot re Remove State DO Off DOF ORF no from Sequence DOS Off DOOR no All Off All Ott rie Stiml Fire Stim Fire no fait E 5 Stim Fite Stim2 Fire no wa Inc Delay Stimi Inc Del no Inc Amp Stimi Inc Amp na Repeat Inc Amps Stimi lnc Amp no TeQUeNce Inc Freg Stir Inc Freg no Inc Pulsewridth St Inc Puls no Inc Stepw idth Sti Inc Ste no w Definitions States TTL level at Digital Output Ping On High Off Low Sequences timed execution
108. lacing one of the Dual Cursors on a supranormal R wave on the left side of the Analysis window e Pulling down the Tools menu and selecting the Find function e Programming the cursor positions To find the next supranormal R wave in the data the Cursor 1 Position is set equal to Old Cursor 1 which is already on a supranormal R wave The Cursor 2 Position is set to Data Above and the data channel is selected The threshold amplitude above which the Find function will stop is entered into the box below the label Cursor 2 Position Then the Find routine is saved e Clicking the Find button to place the cursors and to display the values for the selected Table Functions at the top of the Analysis window e Copying values and their headings to the Journal via the Add Title to Jrnl and Add Data to Jrnl functions in the right click menu of the Analysis window The Auto Find dialogue window Figure 5 15 on page 72 is like the Find window It is also accessible from the Tools menu and works only from the Analysis or ScopeView window However the Auto Find function can be programmed to find multiple data points with the same parameters within a data selection The values at those points can be used for Second Kind Analyses Then the results on these analyses can be written to the Journal automatically The Auto Find function can find the same types of data points found with the Find function like Next Maximum Previous Minimum Data Above a giv
109. last data point collected Off line in Single Cursor mode the Value Display box displays the Y axis value of the data point intersected by the cursor In Dual Cursor mode the Value Display box displays the difference between Y axis values intersected by the 2 cursors Zoom In Zoom Out Preferred Scale or a Change Baseline Position Channel Title i Auto Scale FullScale Set Preferred Scale Values at or between Cursor s ECG SLs aber FULL Bs HE V2 1 0 000 oks 0 Data Display Area 2 l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O 14 2 539 O 14 4 539 0 14 6 539 0 14 6 539 0 14 10 5 Figure 3 2 The common controls for channels displayed in the LabScribe Main window Cursors If someone handed you a paint brush gestured in a general direction and said Paint that you would probably want to clarify exactly what that was In mathematical terms the verb paint is the function and the object that is the argument In mathematical operations it is important to understand exactly the that you are operating on This is also true for LabScribe software Many commands are included in the program that allow the user to zoom measure and calculate In order for these commands to work a mechanism is required for instructing the software about the area of data or specific data points to be addressed LabScribe uses cursors to identify the data points This explanation of cursors begins with basic modes of operation
110. lay by selecting their names from the Display Channels list on the left side of the Analysis window Use the standard Windows commands SHIFT CLICK and CONTROL CLICK to select the channels The selected channels are autoscaled and ti ed in the data display area one channel beneath the other Clicking the Stacked radio box will overlay the selected channels in the Analysis window Since AutoScale is always enabled in the Analysis window the stacked channels will be autoscaled on the same Y axis Many of the same tools in the Main window are also available in the Analysis window These include Display Time controls Marks which are the same as the ones positioned in the Main window Dual Cursor mode Single Cursor mode is unavailable scroll bars to fine tune the area of data upon which the selected functions will operate and Block Up and Block Down buttons on either end of the scroll bar that provide shortcuts for scrolling to the next or previous block Data in the Analysis window can be operated upon by the functions in the table on the left side on the Analysis window Again the Dual Cursors are positioned on the left and right edges of the data to be analyzed LabScribe will immediately calculate and display the values for the selected parameters in the Calculated Value Display area at the top of the Analysis window Calculations can be performed on only one channel at a time So the channel to be measured needs to be selected from the Value
111. lect Marks from the Window menu of LabScribe Select the mark of interest Click the GoTo button to move directly to the area of data that contains the mark 3 Marks can be entered after data recording is complete using the Single Cursor button the button with a single vertical line in Figure 1 1 on page 4 4 The text attached to a mark can be seen at the bottom of the screen just above the timeline Text marks can be dragged and dropped anywhere in the record For example a mark may denote that a drug was administered at a certain time Using the mouse you can click on the text associated with a mark and drag it to the channel to which it corresponds Lastly data can be navigated by using the scroll bar at the bottom of the Main window Click on the right scroll arrow to move to the data on the right side of the screen Click on the left scroll arrow to move to data on the left side The most obvious method of exporting data is to print it The Print command in the LabScribe software prints the window Main Analysis ScopeView Journal in the foreground To print the Main window use the Display Time controls to adjust the amount of data on the screen Pull down the File menu and select Print Choose from the following print ranges that are available All Prints the complete file e Pages from___ to __ Prints only the pages in the range selected e Selection Prints only data visible in the window Data can be exported using t
112. logue window is set to 10 sec before doing the following exercise Exercise 1 Plug the DIN connector on the cable of the pulse transducer PT 104 furnished with your kit into Channel 3 on the Worx interface Wrap the plethysmograph firmly around the end of the subject s middle finger 10 Vertical Resolution 2 Open the Channels page in the Preferences dialogue window and set the sampling speed to 1000 samples per second Record 10 seconds of data 3 Next set the sampling speed to 500 samples second and record an additional 10 seconds of data 4 Repeat this procedure for sampling speeds of 200 100 50 20 and 10 samples second Using the Dual Cursor function select a section of each recording block from the Main window Display the section in the Analysis window Closely examine the recorded data as displayed in the Analysis window Notice that the signal becomes progressively more coarse as the sampling rates go down until eventually the signal is unrecognizable As stated earlier in this chapter the ADC takes measurements at regular time intervals to produce data points with X Y coordinates and that the LabScribe software later plots and connects the data points with lines The temporal resolution of the incoming signal was the topic of the previous section of this chapter In this section the vertical or voltage or amplitude resolution of the signal will be discussed When making a measurement of length with a ruler
113. lysis window will overlay the selected channels bottom Figure 3 16 on page 33 Expanding or contracting the time displayed in the Analysis window can be controlled by two different methods The Display Time buttons Half or Double Display Time at the top of the Analysis window can be used as well as the Zoom In and Zoom Out functions in the right 32 Chapter 3 Display click menu of the window To open this menu right click in the data display area of the Analysis window These Zoom functions behave exactly like the Display Time functions in the LabScribe toolbar Value tom Ch Title aw TET Mas _MarMin Avg MarMin ECG 5 ECG 0 000 0 000 0 034 0 000 0 300 Precision E Stacked Display Channels ECG Rate Pulse Integra dye Table Functions Timed Time Fi Way g TZT cos Mat a Min 1 I I I l I 1 I 1 1 l I I l I 1 Mean r 04 74 335 O44 Fee 0 4 75120 0 4 15 512 0 4 175 90 E z r B gt For Help press Fl Mum E Title V2 T2 11 Max Mas Min Avg Mantin ECG 0 000 0 000 0 034 0 000 0 000 Value fram Ch ECG Precision 3 Stacked M Display Channels a a i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 4 14 335 O 4 14 727 0 4 15 120 0 4175 512 0 4 15 90 lt B 4 F B gt ia For Help press F1 INOM E Figure 3 16 Two channels of data displayed in tiled mode top and in stacked mode bottom on the Analysis window
114. menu Then the R R script computes and displays a tachogram plots Delta R R histograms and determines values for statistics such as mean mode and standard deviation LabScribe has a special folder called Scripts located in the LabScribe folder Any scripting files or executables placed in this folder will be included in the Scripting menu when LabScribe is launched Scripts can be run from the Main Analysis or ScopeView windows in the LabScribe program Different data is presented to the script depending on which window is used to call the script The Default Export File Format for exporting the data that the script will use is set on the Advanced page of the Preferences dialogue window The default file format is mat or the Matlab File format For information about the MatLab and DADiSP file formats refer to the Export section of this manual 73 Scripts in the Main Window Scripts in the Analysis Window Scripts in the ScopeView Window When a script is run from the Main window LabScribe saves the complete data file in the Scripts folder as either input mat Matlab or inputXX dat DADiSP In DADiSP each block is numbered as it is saved XX starting with 00 When LabScribe calls the script file the Windows operating system opens the script file in the program associated with it For example a Python script should open in the Python program and a MatLab script will open in the MatLab program and so on Scripts shoul
115. nd the data points would be a millisecond closer to each other than at 100 samples a second but a 100Hz sine wave would still have only one data point for each cycle When the Chapter 2 Acquisition 9 data points are connected by a line a sine wave with a frequency of 0 1Hz is displayed on the screen Again the wave displayed on the screen is not a true representation of the real wave because the sampling speed is too slow So how fast does the sampling speed need to be to record a reasonable representation of a real waveform A general rule of thumb is to sample at a rate that is a minimum of five times faster than the fastest frequency of interest in the waveform To determine the optimal sampling frequency find the shortest event in a sample recording For example the R wave has the shortest duration of any event in the ECG and should be used to determine the sampling speed needed to record a reasonable representation of the ECG Next find the rise time in seconds of the R wave The rise time is the time it takes the wave of interest to go from its start to about 2 3 of full value In the case of the R wave in an EGG this value is about 20 milliseconds 0 020 seconds Substitute the value 0 02 for the rise time in the following equation to determine the bandwidth of the event R wave 0 159 Rise Time Bandwidth 0 159 0 020 8 Finally multiply the bandwidth by five to determine the minimum sampling frequency needed which is
116. nd any single block can be sent to the Analysis window e If data is recorded in Chart mode the FIRST block or record segment will be taken as the sweep length display time Each block will appear as a sweep in the ScopeView window To program LabScribe to record in Scope mode pull down the Edit Menu and select Prefer ences Open the Sampling page of the Preferences dialogue window Click on the Scope button Next set the Start mode that will begin the recording of the sweep The triggers that are 16 Repetitive mode Multiple sweep mode Sweep Length Sampling Rate available are User for manual starting of the sweep that can be linked to the output of the ADC External Trigger for triggering by an external source Trigger by Channel for triggering by an input signal Chart Scope Delay Between Sweeps jo ZEC Figure 2 4 The Scope application setup controls Next the acquisition mode needs to be selected This mode can be set to either Repetitive or Multiple and is selected from the drop down menu next to the Scope button on the Sampling page of the Preferences dialogue window When the Start button is clicked in Repetitive mode each new sweep overwrites the previous sweep Real oscilloscopes work in this way When the Stop button is clicked only the last trace is saved When the Start button is clicked in Multiple Sweeps mode LabScribe will acquire and save a predetermined number of sweeps The number of s
117. ndow is positioned in the middle of a 3X larger data set So for each click of the Zoom Out function the time displayed on the window is three times longer wf AuboScale zoom In zoom Suk Add Data to Irn Add Title to Jrnl 4dd Mean to Journal Figure 5 12 The Scope View right click menu These functions are available in both the Analysis and ScopeView windows This group of functions simply reports the values in time and voltage for the data points inter sected by each of the two cursors in the Analysis or ScopeView window The difference in time or the difference in voltage or calibrated Y value can also be reported For this group of functions all data points between the cursors are examined The maximum the minimum or the mean value in the data set are reported The difference between the maximum and minimum value can also be reported All the integral and area functions are calculated as integrals The Area function uses the line between V1 and V2 as the zero baseline and then calculates the integral The Area function gives more control over which segments of a waveform are included in the integral For the Integral calculation zero Volts or zero calculated Y value is used as the zero reference for the integral Values above zero add to the Integral and values below the zero line subtract from the Integral The ABS_Integral is very much like the Integral except that the program takes the absolute value of the raw da
118. nerate conclusions reports and Nobel Prizes This process is called analysis Built into the LabScribe data recording software is a powerful array of data analysis tools The variety of tools available strike a balance between the straightforward general operations that everyone uses and the vertical complex routines that only YOU use So LabScribe is a powerful analytical tool that can go to work on data right away or be customized to execute very specific complex analysis routines Analysis in LabScribe is divided into five types or kinds Each kind addresses specific analytical requirements The following sections of this chapter explain how each type is used Analyses of the First Kind Wave to Wave Transforms Analytical functions of this kind take ALL of the data in a channel and apply a transform which converts the entire waveform described by the data points into a completely new wave that is displayed on a different channel Examples of this kind of analysis would be the first derivative or the integral Currently there are 27 functions of the First Kind or Wave to Wave Transforms included in the LabScribe program These functions can only be accomplished on the Main window They are called from the right click menu and can be used on line or off line When used on line the functions can operate at the top acquisition rate of the program 100 000 samples per second On the right click menu the transforms are organized into g
119. ng Marks Off Line Editing Marks Chapter 3 Display Marks and their associated comments can be placed on the recording without interrupting the flow of data to the computer As soon as the Start button is clicked and data recording begins the LabScribe program sets an active text cursor on the Mark line next to the Mark button on the Main window On the Mark line the user can type a comment describing an upcoming step in the experiment The comment will be associated with the next mark that is placed on the recording The mark is placed on the recording when the Enter or Return key on the keyboard is pressed or the Mark button on the Main window is clicked The mark will be signified by a vertical line that is inserted on the data at the moment the Enter key is pressed or the Mark button is clicked When recording is halted the typed comment that was loaded on the Mark line prior to the event can be seen in the Text Display area at the bottom of the screen A mark is time locked to the record at the moment the Return or Enter key is pressed An unlimited number of marks can be attached to the record The vertical line on the recording that is associated with a mark is provided as visual confirmation that the mark has been placed While data is being recorded only one mark can be seen on a given screen Offline all the marks are visible Marking events as they happen is a necessity for events that are time critical like drug deliv
120. nly 500 data points Since the LabScribe program can accommodate up to 100 000 points per screen while recording there is substantial room available for a wider display or a greater sampling rate Chapter 2 Acquisition 17 Saving Your Data Every Software manual has a section on the importance of backup and saving LabScribe is no different SAVE YOUR DATA Consider that the data acquisition process imposes new and different constraints on the task of saving data A word processor or spreadsheet document can be saved anytime that the user thinks about it The user simply stops writing and saves the document In a data recording application data is constantly being added sometimes at fantastic rates 200 000 bytes second at top speed To save data would require the recording to be stopped In most recording applications this is impractical When the recording is stopped LabScribe saves the current data to disk This file can be seen in the LabScribe folder as backup iwd As the LabScribe program acquires data it buffers the unsaved raw data to a file on the hard disk This file can be seen in the LabScribe folder as iwx_d_bin buf In the event of an unexpected loss of power or computer crash the data is preserved When the LabScribe software is reopened after such an event LabScribe will ask the user if they want to recover the data If the answer is yes the backup file is recovered and data is preserved To view the recovered data file
121. nstallation of the LabScribe recording software Once a settings group is loaded the settings files within the group can be called from a list on the Settings menu Calling A Settings Before a settings file can be selected and activated the settings group that Settings File contains the file must be loaded To do this select Load Group from the Load amp ae aie Settings menu Figure 7 1 on page 89 Edit Group testi beste testa Figure 7 1 The Settings menu The Load Settings Group dialogue window will appear Figure 7 2 on page 89 All the settings groups that are available will appear in the list box on the left side of this settings group dialogue window Highlight the settings group needed and click the Load button to load the selected settings group and curset wa close the dialogue window cur set ies cur sete Iwg default iws Create New Settings Group File Figure 7 2 The Load Settings Group dialogue window Chapter 7 Using Settings 89 Creating a Group Editing Settings Group Settings Help Scripting Load Group Edit Group Tutorial 2 14 O2lonsumption Ssize 2 14 MembranePotentials 2 14 Sciaticherve 2 14 Reflex Reaction 214 EM ts 214 EMG OpposingMuscles 214 Muscle yeight Work 2 14 Muscle Surm Tetanus 214 SmoothMuscle 2 14 Hearthuscle 2 14 Osmorequlation 2 14 ECG HeartSounds 2 14 ElG Circulation 2 14 Exercise ECG Circ 214 BP BodyPosition 214 BP ImposedConditions 2 1
122. ntent by clicking on the title of the column in the Marks table Individual comments or ranges of comments may be selected or deselected using the SHIFT and CONTROL keys Appropriate collections of selected comments can be exported or deleted Analysis of the Fifth Kind Things Not Possible with Ist 2nd 3rd or 4th Kind of Analyses Writing Scripts Chapter 1 Analysis It is impossible to include all of the possible analyses and plotting capabilities required for biological research in a single program We provide what we believe to be useful tools for completing the most common kinds of analyses For circumstances where the built in analysis tools fall short of the user s requirements LabScribe has a Script function A script is a program written in any of the languages supported by LabScribe that can perform a series of calculations on selected data Once created a script can be placed in the Scripts folder located in the LabScribe folder The script will then appear as a menu item in the LabScribe Scripting menu When selected the script takes the selected range of recorded data saves the data ina format compatible with the scripting language loads the scripting program and then executes the script on the saved data The scripting programs supported by LabScribe are listed below For example we have created a script in Python which operates on the R R intervals of the ECG which are detected by an Auto Mark function in the Tools
123. o the Previous or Next Maximum the Previous or Next Minimum Data Above or Below a certain amplitude data at a specific Mark with a particular STRING in a comment data at an Old or New Cursor position and more The calculations to be performed on the selected data points or on the data between the points are chosen from the Table Functions list before the Find dialogue window is opened The first step in the Find function is the selection of the Cursor 1 Position from the box to the right of this label The next step in the Find function is the selection of Cursor 2 Position from the box to the right of this label Once the source of the data is selected and the Find routine is completed it can be saved by clicking the Save button on the Find dialogue window The named routine is saved in the Auto Find folder as an iwa file When the Find dialogue window is open saved routines can be recalled by clicking on the Load button As an example the Find function could be used to determine the time T2 T1 between two events Occasionally R waves in an ECG have significantly higher amplitudes than the other R waves in the same recording The Find function could be used to measure the time between adjacent supranormal R waves The process would include e Transferring the data of interest from the Main window to the Analysis window e Selecting the calculations V1 V2 V2 V1 T2 T1 to be performed on the data from the Table Functions list e P
124. o a Figure 4 15 The Integral section of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 104 108 204 For another set of computer functions Integrals the number of data points used to determine the baseline and the time interval at which the baseline is reset can be programmed Reset every sec Used to set the Integral reset time Use First N points as zero Removes the effects of a DC baseline when calculating an Integral This feature is useful in applications where the baseline is difficult to set to zero Multilasting Host Group IP Address 224 0 0 0 Default Host Group Fort 1024 Time to Live li Transmit Figure 4 16 The Networks section of the Preferences dialogue window Multicasting The Multicasting version of LabScribe transmits the acquired data over a peer to peer network Host Group IP address Should be the same for the transmitting Worx unit and the receiving iWorx unit s Host Group Port The port at which the Host transmits Time to Live The number retransmission or hops of data packets allowed Setting the number to 1 ensures that the multicasting data does not leak out of the LAN and cause network congestion Chapter 4 Controls 45 Preferences for iWorx 114 214 118 Channels Page There are six pages in the Preferences dialogue box Preferences for the iWorx 104 204 108 are covered on page 43 Channels Sampling Stimulator Functions Output Sequences Advanced Figure
125. oScale FullSicale V2 i 0 000 Volts Force _AutoScale _FullScale W2M1 1 034 Volts 4 00 Units Conversion Value at Cursor 2 8027 gt o Cancel a3 Value at Cursor 3836 gt 100 Hame grams Number of points on either id side of cursor to average 2 593 a 1 1 1 l 1 I 0 34 5 523 0 346 083 O 34 6 655 Osa F221 O34 7 Fae Figure 3 10 Data file of weights hung from a transducer and the units conversion dialogue window that sets volts to grams Once recording is complete proceed to the Dual Cursor mode in the Main window See the Cursors section of this chapter The Units Conversion dialogue window cannot be entered without being in Dual Cursor mode Position Cursor 1 over one of the known values and Cursor 2 over the other Known value 26 Chapter 3 Display 2 point cal OK Walue at Cursord 0 260 0 260243 Cancel Value at Cursor O 807 0 807279 nF Hame Volts Number of points on either i side of cursor to average i Figure 3 11 The Units Conversion dialogue window showing the 2 point calibration boxes Right click the mouse anywhere on the channel to be converted to open the right click menu Select Units from the right click menu and the Units dialogue window will appear The typical conversion of the output of a tranducer is a 2 point calibration which is the default conversion method Figure 3 11 on page 27 Below that menu is an
126. ocols are available only on the iWorx 114 214 118 The Worx 118 has two DAC s each can be controlled independently of the other The stimulator feature sends the DAC output to the outside world Using controls described below output protocols can be built from square wave components that are listed on the Simulator page of the Preferences dialogue window The available output range of the stimu lator is 5V 10V for Worx 118 Alea SADED 1EM r i eh T IV lt jAmpitude lt j f V Humber Of Pules 0 for Continous lt 250 0 Amplitude a Volts Oime lt Pulse Width me lt 5 sj A E Frequency 100 he 01Hz lt Pulse Frequency lt 5KH2 100 Hz Number o po SV lt jHoldng Potential i lt vje 0 w For wx tii 204108 For iwx TINITIIS only Figure 6 1 The parameter boxes on the Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window In order to understand how protocols are created it is necessary to define the terms used on the Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window Delay This is the time between the beginning of the recording at the clicking of the Start button and the first pulse Delay is adjustable between 0 and 650ms 6500 ms for iWorx 118 Amplitude This is the height or voltage of the pulse or wave being generated The amplitude programmed from the Preferences window will be the same for all pulses leaving the stimulus output unless the amplitude is changed manually from the Preferences window or
127. of a seres of digital states Up Drown OF Cancel Help Figure 6 14 Output sequences page of the Preferences dialogue window 1 On the Output Sequences page add a test sequence to the list of current sequences Type the name of the test sequence in the edit box above the Add and Rename buttons 2 Select the name of the new test output sequence from the list next to the label Current Sequence 84 Select the state entitled Inc Amp Stim 1 from the list of states on the left side of the page Click on the button Add State to Sequence to add the state to the test sequence Click OK at the bottom of the page O a A WwW Return to the Main window select the test sequence from OutSeq list to the right of the LabScribe toolbar Click the OutSeq button The LabScribe program generates displays and records the ten progressively larger stimulus pulses on ten successive Scope sweeps 7 Click on the ScopeView icon in the LabScribe toolbar to view the sweeps recorded for each stimulus amplitude Digital Outputs Digital states Naming States Sequences Creating Sequences Editing a Sequence The Worx 118 has up to eight Digital Outputs in two banks BNC s 5 8 can be configured as Digital Inputs or as Digital Outputs Each digital output can be controlled independently For each digital output there are two states On and Off So for 8 digital outputs we have 16 states A few more states are predefined in LabScribe
128. olume is to be displayed Select Spirometry from the right click ea menu and a submenu appears Select Volume in the submenu By default raw data will be collected on the channel immediately above the calculated channel Channel 1 for calculated Channel 2 Channel 3 for calculated Channel 4 etc Use the Set Raw Channel function at the bottom of the right click menu for the calculated channel to select a different channel as the source of raw data To accurately convert the flow data of the sensor to volumes in liters the calibration value for the air flow sensor must be entered into the program The default calibration value used by the program is 0 150 Vs liter The actual calibration value of the flow sensor being used is written on a label on the side of the flow sensor unit To convert the flow data to volumes open the Spirometry submenu and select Calibrate The Spirometry Calibration dialogue window appears Enter the calibration value printed on the side of the air flow sensor into the box on the calibration window Enter the value exactly as it is written Click OK Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the raw data Air Flow channel then AutoScale the Volume channel No other setup is required The Cardiac functions are specifically used for the analysis of electrocardiograms ECG Four of the Cardiac functions calculate Leads Ill aVL aVF and aVR from the recordings of Lead I on Channel 1 and Lead Il on
129. ools menu Prior to moving calculated values it is recommended that the title line from the Analysis window be moved by using the Add Titles to Journal command in the Tools menu Titles and data are tab delimited so they can be easily formatted in any word processing program By moving pictures and calculated values to the Journal and adding typed comments from the keyboard an entire lab report can be created without ever leaving the LabScribe program Exporting Data Data can be exported from LabScribe either as numbers or as pictures from the Main window the Analysis window or the ScopeView window To export data select Export from the File menu and choose the file s format location and name in the dialogue window 94 Exporting pictures Exporting numerical data Chapter 8 Export The current display can be exported as a picture in bitmap bmp format or in a portable network graphics png format Png is a high resolution format for images If data is exported from the Main window the complete data file is exported in either Matlab or DADiSP formats Save as type MatLab File rat Windows Bitmap bmp Portable Network Graphics png DADISP File dat If data is exported from the Analysis or ScopeView windows then only the data displayed in the window is exported Save as type MatLab File mat Portable Network Graphics prg Ason Test Format atf DADISF File dat
130. op of the Main window resets the X axis time display to the default value originally entered on the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window Here are two examples demonstrating the use of the Display Time feature In the first example Figure 3 6 on page 23 a human electrocardiogram is recorded with a 160 second screen time Notice that the record is compressed and it is impossible to resolve detail in individual events By clicking Half Display Time five times the screen time is reduced from 160 seconds to about five seconds making individual events clearly visible Mtn imm a Derme eall sm T g mI IT e wi vit ISA Vor pA l iek Vee GST vols TATE Sodai a TERPS ee Teraa hsr T lashes ral F SSS SSS Ss Vola Hg HH ED TEE TEE GLI Figure 3 6 ECG viewed with a long screen time top and a short screen time bottom 23 Managing Amplitude Display AutoScale FullScale In the second example Figure 3 7 on page 24 a one hour battery discharge curve is shown in two views The 2 second screen time shows almost a straight line but clicking Double Display Time eight times reveals the entire curve The Display Time parameter with its two controls effectively handles the time display THES 6350500 Speed 200 DicplyTme 2000 M i START eh AuoSeae FdE Yee aren Voks 25 Tz Tl OD0000 52 61 3350 111500 161 345 211334 261 493 Ea Zt Figure 3 7 Voltage
131. or the settings group to be exported Once the settings group to be exported is selected by highlighting its name and icon its name will appear in the File Name box on the Save As window The Save As window can now be used to create or to browse for a destination folder where the soon to be settings group can be stored Select the folder that will receive this exported settings group and click the Save button Copy the folder with the exported settings group to the other computer This exported settings group can be imported as a whole into the LabScribe program on the recipient computer by using the Import function To use the Import function pull down the Settings Menu on the recipient computer select Load Group and click the Import button on the Load Settings Group window An Open window appears and it can be use to browse the recipient computer for the imported settings group Find and select the settings group to be imported and click the Open button The imported settings group will be added to the list of settings groups in the copy of LabScribe on the recipient computer Individual settings files from the imported settings group can be added to another settings group on the recipient computer by using the Append function g2 Chapter 8 Export Printing Once you have recorded and analyzed your data you ll probably want to create a report or other presentation This can be done in a variety of ways the easiest of which is to simply pr
132. ose the valve When the value of pressure observed on Channel 1 goes above 500mmHg I O 1 turns on and opens the valve releasing the pressure When the pressure falls below 500 mmHg I O 1 turns off and the valve closes 88 Chapter 7 Using Settings The Settings Menu LabScribe offers users a lot of choices for recording and displaying data When certain choices are used repeatedly a template known as a settings file can be created to reduce the time required to program the recording software and the A D converter To understand how to use settings files two terms need to be defined settings group and settings file A settings group is actually a simple text document that can contain up to 100 individual settings files Each settings file is a collection of settings for performing an exper iment and are programmed by users through the Preferences dialogue window from the Edit menu The settings contained in a file include items like the number and titles of channels in the LabScribe windows the sampling speed the units conversions the stimulator settings In addition to the hardware and software provided in its teaching kits Worx provides laboratory manuals with a variety of experiments To support the use of experiments in the manuals Worx has created a settings group for each laboratory manual Each settings group contains a settings file for each experiment in the manual Settings groups are loaded on the computer during the i
133. pl Display function is really a control that permits a representation of the stimulator output to be displayed on the data recording This display control can be used on line or off line Two output displays Out1 and Outz2 are available Out1 functions on all Worx hardware that have a stimulator Out2 functions only when used on the Worx 118 which has two independent stimulator outputs Because of the way the Stimulator Dspl control is programmed in LabScribe the stimulus waveform can be shown on any one of the recording channels without losing the capability of that channel to record data On a specific channel the user can toggle between displays of the data and the stimulus records Tins Go i Outi To use the Stimulator Dspl right click on the display area of Cut the channel where the stimulator output will be shown Select Stimulator Dspl from the right click menu and a submenu appears Select one of the Outputs from the submenu Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the channels that need to be reset To return the stimulator display channel to showing recorded data select Raw Data in the right click menu of that channel 59 Gain Telegraph Using Gain Telegraph Wavelet PSO PLSOs BSC BCS25D OCS Oe OCB OLL warner Dagan TEY 200 The Gain Telegraph function is slightly different from the other functions in the right click menu Some amplifiers have an additional out
134. play Time to provide a better view of recorded events Click on the Double Display Time button little mountain in toolbar Figure 1 1 on page 4 until all of the data is visible in a single screen 2 Use the Dual Cursor button button with two vertical lines in Figure 1 1 on page 4 in the toolbar Two cursor lines appear on the Main window Use the cursors to bracket areas of interest within the visible data The selected area can then be expanded to full screen in the Analysis window 2 Cursors 1 curser Figure 1 3 The Cursor icons on the LabScribe Main window toolbar 3 Once the cursors are positioned click the Analysis button in the toolbar The area of data between the cursors will now be displayed full screen in the Analysis window Other cursor uses are described in the Display section of this manual Marks can also be used to navigate data A Mark is a text annotation made while recording or after recording that is locked to the data at a certain point in time 1 To mark the record while you are recording use the keyboard to type a message on the Marks line Pressing Return or Enter on the keyboard will enter the text mark on the recording at that time Scroll Bar Getting Data Out Printing Data Copying and Pasting Data Exporting Data 2 When reviewing data you can move directly to a mark from anywhere in the data using the Marks window To open the Marks window click on the Marks button in the toolbar or se
135. put that sends a calibration signal to the data recording unit This calibration signal relays information about the gain settings of the external amplifier This infor mation permits the recording program to re calibrate the amplifier output in the correct units regardless of the gain set on the amplifier The list of amplifiers supported by this feature can be found in the Gain Telegraph submenu Warner F TE 200 PL ONE x100 PL ONE x10 PL ONE x1 PL ONE 0 1 39004 x1 39004 x0 1 CHEM CLAMP TE 2004 C4 16 x0 05 4 16 0 1 C4 16 0 5 CA 1E xi CA 1B x5 C4 16 x10 CA 1B x50 C4 16 100 Connect the analog output of the supported amplifier to any input channel For this example assume this is Channel 1 Next connect the gain telegraph output of the amplifier to any input channel For this example assume this is Channel 2 Open the right click menu on the analog input channel Ch 1 and select the supported amplifier from the Gain Telegraph submenu Next set Raw Data Channel on the analog input channel Ch 1 to the channel CH 2 receiving the gain telegraph output of the amplifier Wavelets Wavelet Type Daubechies 10 Daubechies 12 Daubechies 14 Daubechies 16 Daubechies 18 Daubechies 20 Coitlet 6 Cotlet 12 Coiflet 18 Cotlet 24 Coiflet 30 Quad Spline 2 Figure 5 8 The Wavelet dialogue window in the channel right click menu The Wavelet function performs a Wavelet Transform DWT on data in th
136. quired frequency resolution more data points need to be used to make the calculation Moving and As with other analysis functions handled by the LabScribe program it is necessary to select manipulating the data to be operated upon by the program The Display Time controls are used to get the data in the FFT data of interest onto a single screen Then the data to be analyzed is selected by using the window Dual Cursors to bracket the data as it is displayed in the Main window Finally the selected data is moved to the FFT window by clicking the FFT icon on the LabScribe toolbar or by selecting FFT from the Windows menu Once the primary data set is moved to the FFT window the Dual Cursors on the linear graph of the raw data above the actual FFT display area can be used to fine tune the data selection Only the data between the cursors in the linear graph is actually used in the calculation The data displayed on the linear graph and available for the transform can be changed using the Display Time icons on the FFT window or the scroll bar under the linear graph Right click on the line graph to open a menu with Zoom In and Zoom Out functions which can also be used to increase or decrease the amount of raw data that can be selected for the FFT As mentioned the LabScribe program suggests the end point for the data selection with a gray line The second cursor used for data selection should be as close to the gray mark as possible The FFT plot o
137. r functions are usually HRY Powert 18 0 4 taken from the Lead Il ECG channel since it is normally the one with HRY Total Power largest QRS complexes Use the Set Raw Channel function at the HRY LEF HPF bottom of the right click menu to select the raw data source for the calculated channel Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the raw data then AutoScale the calculated channel No other setup is required The EEG function is another specialized case of the Power function In this function a preset frequency band is available for each component of the EEG Alpha Beta Theta and Delta For each selected band LabScribe calculates the average Power in the band and displays the value against time These are beneficial functions to use when teaching students because they can clearly see the effect that behavior has on components of the EEG To use the EEG functions right click on the display area of the channel where the function is to be displayed Select EEG from the right click menu and a submenu appears Select one of the EEG frequency bands from the submenu Use the Set Raw Channel function at the bottom of the right click menu to select the raw data source for the calculated channel Alpha Power Beta Power Theta Power Delta Power Click Start in the Main window to begin recording AutoScale the raw data on the EEG channel then Autoscale the calculated channel No other set up is required The Stimulator Ds
138. reset and made part of a settings file Refer to the Stimulator section of the Input Output chapter for information on the programming of the stimulator Functions Page Ferodic Threshold 1 150 Tolerance of MaxMin Threshold Tolerance D L Z of Max Min a a th Baseline Tracking slow fast Figure 4 20 The Periodic section of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 114 118 214 Chapter 4 Controls 47 Output For on line Periodic functions like rate and frequency there are Threshold and Tolerance levels that the raw data must meet or exceed for these functions to accurately determine the values of the computed parameters Threshold and Tolerance levels can be adjusted on this page Off line the parameter known as Baseline Tracking can be set to track the speed at which periodic changes in the baseline occur Integral Reset Every sec 0 for no reset 30 Use First 1 0 points as zero E Figure 4 21 The Integral section of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 1114 118 214 For another set of computer functions Integrals the number of data points used to determine the baseline and the time interval at which the baseline is reset can be programmed Reset every sec Used to set the Integral reset time Use First N points as zero Removes the effects of a DC baseline when calculating an Integral This feature is useful in applications where the baseline is difficult to set to zero Refer to
139. riments are often designed to record the response of a cell or a tissue to progressively Protocols larger or more frequent stimuli In these cases parameters of the stimulus are changed before Built with the each recording of the cell s response to the next stimulus The Output Sequence Builder a Sequence page in the Preferences dialogue window can be used to automatically change parameters of Builder the stimuli released from the DAC For example excitable tissues like nerves and muscles are composed of multiple fibers each with a different diameter conduction velocity and threshold Fibers with higher thresholds require a larger stimuli to evoke their action potentials Increasing the amplitude of the stimulus sent to the excitable tissue will cause more fibers in the tissue to fire This is known as recruitment and is measured as an increase in the amplitude of the tissue s compound action potential In Scope mode the Output Sequence Builder and other pages Channels Sampling Stimulator in the Preferences dialogue window can be used to record each response of the excitable tissue to a stimulus and automatically increase the amplitude of the stimulus between each trial Channels Page To construct an example of an Output Sequence designed to control the DAC and to record in Scope mode select Preferences from the Edit menu On the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window set Sampling Speed 20000 Display Time 0 030 sec Num
140. rious kits by clicking the Manuals button You must install the LabScribe program before you can install the laboratory manuals You can also install Adobe Acrobat Reader which is required to view pdf versions of the lab experi ments Remove the installation CD from the drive connect and turn on your iWorx Hardware Note When your hardware is connected for the first time Windows will advise you New Hardware found and proceed to load the driver automatically If for some reason Windows cannot locate the driver Point the install wizard to the Worx LabScribe drivers folder in the Program Files folder To install using the downloaded installer from our FTP site Go the Users Area on the iworx com website Select the proper installer for the Windows operating system on your computer After downloading the LabScribe software installer double click on the downloaded file It is a self extracting archive which will automatically launch the installer after it extracts Files are normally stored in the Windows Temp Folder The installer will then open the Install Wizard and walk you through the installation Go to step 3 above Registration and Updates Be sure to register on line at our website at http www iworx com Registering your software ensures that you are notified of updates new releases send the free upgrades you are entitled to for as long as you use the program Software and pdf manuals are available from the
141. roups The functions within a group have similar setup requirements and are usually located in a sub menu While the list of available functions is always expanding LabScribe V1 8 includes the following groups Periodic Integral Derivatives Channel Math Filter Power Spirometry Cardiac EEG and Gain Telegraph Each group is discussed below Before beginning to explain the various First Kind functions it is appropriate to ask Where does the RAW DATA for a wave to wave analysis come from It is a question that is appropriate for all of the First Kind functions By default calculated channels channels displaying wave to wave transforms always use the channel immediately above them as the raw data channel For example if the Rate function is selected on Channel 2 the electrocardiogram equipment or pulse sensor should be connected to Channel 1 Likewise by default an integral set on Channel 4 expects the raw data input to come from Channel 3 It is possible to select another channel besides the one above the calculated channel as the source of raw data To select the raw data channel for a function highlight the Set Raw Channel item at the bottom of the channel right click menu This opens a submenu From the submenu select the channel that is the source of raw data for the calculated function For example opening the right click menu for Channel 2 and setting the Set Raw Ch to Channel 3 causes any calculated functions called on
142. s X100 the 2mV ECG signal becomes a 200mV signal Now when the amplified signal is presented to the ADC it is 100 times bigger Since the minimum signal of 2 4mV for the iWorx 204 remains the same and the recorded signal is 100 times bigger the noise is now only 1 40th of the amplitude of the signal 4 8V peak to peak 200mvV signal If the signal is amplified 100 times X100 and recorded with an Worx 214 the results would be better The minimum signal now would represent only 1 658th of the total signal 304uV 200mV From this comparison it can be seen that a 16 bit ADC is much more tolerant of small signals making the gain required to view a small signal with a 16 bit unit less critical Adding gain to the recording system improves the signal to noise ratio of the measuring system but the cost is that the ADC cannot see any signal above the 5V or below the 5V input limits 10V and 10V on the Worx 118 In the case where X100 gain is applied to a 0 1V signal the amplified signal becomes 10V This is above the 5V input limit of the ADC so the signal is out of range In fact the effective input range of Worx ADC units is equal to 5V Gain 10V Gain for 118 So if a gain of X10 is used on an amplifier the effective input range of the ADC drops to 0 5V 5V range X10 gain Any input signal larger than 0 5 volts will be out of range If a gain of X100 is applied to the input signal the effective input range of the ADC is res
143. s clicked STOP amp User C After E Points C Af For wnt 14 2 14 118 et 0 ms For iwx 104 204 108 or NI Figure 2 3 The LabScribe Stop dialogue boxes Chapter 2 Acquisition 15 Timed When Timed is selected as the stop mode the LabScribe software will stop recording automatically after a predetermined time in ms which is entered into the edit box On an iWorx 104 204 108 the additional option of stopping after a set number of points is available Scope Mode When to Use the Scope Mode Acquiring Data in the Scope Mode Set up the software The first devices used to record data were electromechanical These devices used a stylus or very fine pen that was moved by a sensitive motor The frequency response of these machines was very low the fastest events that they could record were on the order of tenths of a second As science progressed it became obvious that there were faster things in nature than pen recorders could visualize The oscilloscope or scope is able to take a fast brief snapshot of an event but the continuous chart like recording was sacrificed An oscilloscope capturing a fast moving electrical signal like an action potential is analogous to high speed stop motion photography capturing the movement of a hummingbird s wing To effectively use the Scope mode in the LabScribe program the length of the snapshot display time and the sampling rate need to be set to accurately visualize t
144. s dialogue window Functions typically used on signals recorded in a biology lab are listed Functions can be changed and these modifications can be saved in new settings files stored in the Settings Groups Chapter 2 Acquisition The Basics Time Temporal Resolution Sample Speed and Aliasing Temporal resolution in digitally recorded data is determined by the sampling rate also known as sampling speed To select a suitable sampling rate you will need some background on the theory and use of analog to digital converters ADC The ADC in the Worx computer interface takes simple voltage measurements at regular intervals The voltage measurements Y axis values and the times at which the voltages were recorded X axis values are sent by the Worx interface to the LabScribe software as a pair of X Y coordinates The LabScribe software displays these coordinates as data points by plotting them The software then connects the data points with a line to create the smooth graphical appearance of an analog chart recording but only the data points themselves are hard measurements The lines that are drawn to connect the data points are educated guesses made by the software and may be misleading For example if the sampling speed being used is not fast enough for the data being recorded the display will not accurately represent the real data This misleading behavior of data acquisition software can be avoided by using a sampling
145. sheet program Large digital readouts of the amplitudes recorded on each channel can be displayed on the left side of each channel in the Main window Select the Voltmeter function from the View menu to display these readouts The readouts are active while data is being recorded can display the amplitude of the trace on each channel at the position of a Single Cursor or can display the difference in amplitudes between the positions of Dual Cursors on each channel LabScribe V1 8 can acquire data on up to eight channels on the Worx 118 four channels on the Worx 104 114 204 or 214 but it can display data on up to sixteen channels The extra channels can be used to display computed functions that are mathematically derived from the raw data For example the arterial pressure from eight different animals could be recorded on channels 1 8 Simultaneously the Rate function could be used on Channels 9 16 to calculate the heart rate of each animal from its recorded blood pressure on Channels 1 8 As with any multi channel display the more channels that are displayed means there is less space that can be given to each channel In the case of a 16 channel Main window display it is hard to resolve detail in the trace of recorded data in each channel 31 Using VIEWS LabScribe solves this problem by allowing the user to create as many as eight different collec tions of channels that can be displayed on the screen at one time Each collection
146. such as 1 AIl off turns all digital outputs off 2 Stim1 Fire Fires stimulator 1 DAC 1 3 Stim2 Fire Fires stimulator 2 DAC 2 Each digital state can be named To name a digital state select the state Type the new name of the state in the edit box under the label States Put a check next to Mark Record if you want a mark to be placed on the record when the digital state is fired Click Edit to save the changes to the state For example in the figure below DO2 on has been labelled as Pump On and set to place a mark in the record when it is fired Digital states can be grouped together in Sequences A Sequence allows timed execution of digital states To create a Sequence type the name of the sequence in the edit box under the label Sequences and click Add Select the sequence to be edited in the Current Sequence drop down box To add a digital state to the sequence select the digital state from the list on the left side of the window and click Add State to Sequence To remove a state from the sequence select the state in the sequence and click Remove State from Sequence To have the Worx device wait for a specified period of time between different digital states type a time in seconds in the edit box next to the Wait button and click Wait to insert the waiting period into the sequence The timing for the digital inputs is handled by the computer and since_Windows is not a real time operating system there is an inherent lag in
147. surement with more precision than 2 4mV with the Worx 204 104 114 or 152uV with the Worx 214 or 304uV with the iWorx 118 unless the bit depth is increased or the input range is narrowed Changing the bit depth requires a different ADC to be in place in the unit However the input range can be easily narrowed by applying the amplification gain to the signal before the signal is presented to the ADC If a 1000X gain is applied to the incoming signal by an amplifier the minimum resolution of the ADC improves to 2 4uV for the Worx 204 104 114 152nV for the Worx 214 and 304nV for the Worx 118 Signal Conditioning Gain As pointed out in the section on vertical resolution there is a minimum voltage beneath which the ADC cannot read This voltage is 2 4mV for Worx 204 104 114 152uV for the Worx 214 and 304uV for the Worx 118 If the signal being measured is very small additional gain can be applied to the signal before it is presented to the ADC Chapter 2 Acquisition 11 Bioamplifiers DIN amp Inputs For example consider an ECG whose total peak to peak amplitude is only 2 mV The number of steps that can be resolved with an Worx 204 is 2mV 4 8mV or a little more than 2 steps which is not sensitive enough to see any meaningful changes If an amplifier is placed between the signal and the analog to digital converter ADC the raw signal can be amplified by a selected gain For example if the gain is 100 time
148. t It allows the input of be an analog signal with a range of 0 to 10 Volts and resolves it to within approxi mately 40 mV When selected it acquires at the same speed as the other analog input channels To view this 8 bit analog data select D2_Analog Each of the digital inputs can be viewed as a raw data 1 bit or as a calculation performed on the data such as Frequency The frequency of digital events Period The period of digital events Time On The time that the digital input was On during a period Time Off The time that the digital input was Off during a period Duty Cycle or Time On Period x 100 Gives the percentage of time that the digital input was ON during a period Count Counts the number of digital events When selected shows a dialog box that can be used to set the time after which the count should be reset This is useful for counting the number of events over a time interval like 10 seconds Count Reset a x OK Reset Count After fo sec kK Cancel There is also a built in 8 bit counter on D1 The counter counts 5 the number of negative going pulses between samples This ee i counter can be used to detect frequencies greater than the D 3 Period sampling speed DS Count O4 b Chapter 6 Input and Output 87 Events As LabScribe acquires data it is aware of the value of each data point as it happens It should then be possible to train the software to watch for
149. t a range of 50 F to 100 F because it is doubtful that the signal will move beyond these limits If an event of interest occurs during the recording the area of interest can be expanded using the Zoom or AutoScale tools To return to the Preferred Scale set by the user simply click the P S button in the channel toolbar Set Preferred To set the range of the Preferred Scale click the SET icon in the channel toolbar and enter Scale upper and lower limits of Y scale in the Set Scale dialogue window that appears Scroll Up Down When the Zoom tools are used the data may drift above or below the center of the display area or even go out of the range of display To adjust the position of the trace on a channel click the Up or Down arrow buttons to the right of the channel s data display area Channel Handles rarest Saeed mo Pon see Haf ell piire T dant Vie iee Wii i en P daesh We acy h i Atlit Toe O O a pu i a AN eo a a q pma P aies is a e a Mad ied 1 ae vn Tang Mole i Lit IJ hin A tiia Figure 3 9 The height of the data displays for four channels in the Main window as set by the default setting top and after the handle for Channel 1 was slid down bottom In addition to scaling the height of the signal to fit in a given channel area the amount of display area allotted to each channel in the Main window can be controlled using the channel handles the small red triangles to the right of ea
150. ta before performing the integral operation 65 dv l dt dv2 dt max dv dt Min dv dt Avg dv dt Avg Max Avg Min Avg Max Min Avg Mean Avg Period Avg Freq Copy Export and Print Analysis and ScopeView Windows Analyses XY Plot XY View Window Components Display Channels List The functions in this group report first derivatives The dv1 dt and the dv2 dt are the deriva tives at V1 and V2 respectively These points are the intercepts of Cursors 1 and 2 with the data of the selected channel Max dv dt finds the largest dv dt values for all of the data points between the two cursors Min dv dt looks for the smallest dv dt values for all of the data points between the two cursors The Avg dv dt finds the slope of the line of best fit for all the data points between the cursors These functions determine the mean or average Avg value of parameters Maximum Minimum Mean Max Min Period Frequency taken from periodic data displayed in the Analysis or ScopeView window LabScribe uses Threshold set in the Preferences dialogue window for determining the cycles When the cursors are placed around a section of cyclic data the selected function calculates and displays the average of the designated parameter from the selected data For example if the cursors are placed around five successive ECG cycles the Avg_Max function will calculate the average amplitude of the five R waves in the selected data assuming the R waves
151. ters they are executed in software and work on all ADC units running LabScribe software Unlike hardware filters software filters can be applied AFTER the data is recorded These filters also work in real time and can be applied to data as it is being recorded Chapter 2 Acquisition 13 Averaging In In addition to filtering the LabScribe software can apply another quieting technique to data LabScribe recorded at speeds less than 200 samples per second In the section of temporal resolution it was demonstrated that fast events require fast sampling speeds What happens if slow events are recorded at a fast sampling speeds More information is collected than is needed to accurately display the signal What should be done with the extra data At sampling speeds of 100 samples sec or less the LabScribe program operates on the extra data using a technique similar to the oversampling employed by CD players to reduce noise The amount of oversam pling that occurs is determined by the sample speed that you set The end result is that small signals recorded at slow speed will appear less noisy than small signals recorded at high speed Outboard The Worx 114 214 204 contain amplifiers and filters which can be controlled by the LabScribe Conditioning software These amplifiers and filters should be adequate for most applications In cases where additional or custom signal conditioning is required outboard devices can be used to condition the signal
152. th is known as the duty cycle and refers to the amount of time the output amplifiers are active Use the settings listed for the example of continuous pulses to produce a short burst of pulses with one exception Set the Number of Pulses to a number other than zero If the number 10 is entered in this box the output from the DAC would wait the 100 millisecond delay from the Start signal deliver its 100HZ square wave of 5ms by 1V pulses as before but stop when 10 pulses had been delivered A graphical representation of the two examples above is pictured in Figure 6 3 on page 77 Continuous output WANA Burst or Train output Figure 6 3 Continuous top and burst bottom of pulses that are the same amplitude width and frequency The Train Protocol is Available Only on the Worx 114 214 118 A train of pulses is more properly called a burst of pulses Trains contain a specified Number of Pulses occur a specified number of times Number of Trains and occur at regular intervals InterTrain Duration The train protocol is an extension of the pulse protocol and it is essential to be familiar with the pulse protocol to use the train protocol The terms used on the Stimulator page of the Preferences dialogue window for configuring trains of pulses include Delay This is the time between the beginning of the recording at the clicking of the Start button and the first pulse Delay is adjustable between 0 and 1 000 seconds Amplitude T
153. the Digital Inputs and Digital Outputs sections of the Inputs Outputs chapter for Sequences Page information on configuring this page Advanced Page Display Views Number of Views lt 3 a Chae ViewName J gt 3 4 5 6 7 8 939 10 11 12 13 14 15 J View vu vi ee a M M U a U U a View E Ee e vi a a a a U O U E a a na a m m m m m l M M M M M View COCCO eee NE OOTO OCONO Views MECC CEEC COCCO COCOON Views E a a a a a U U U S View E lvl ee a a ee ie ee ee ee Views i vine a ivi oe ee ee ee Events Channel eee Fire Output Sequence Channel 1 Eventi o File lt Value lt 0 Of Event2 p Fifa Value lt o fot l Default Export File Format tat MatLab File Figure 4 22 The Advanced page of the Preferences dialogue window for iWorx 114 118 214 48 Chapter 4 Controls In the Views section of this page different combinations of data channels can be programmed to be displayed when selected from the View menu on the Main window In the Events section of this page an event occurring on a data channel can be programmed as the trigger for an Output Sequence when the amplitude of the event is between upper and lower limits The default format for exporting data files can also be selected on this page 49 Chapter 5 Analysis Overview Today s analog to digital converters make acquiring data very easy The challenge to all users is to extract meaning from the mountains of recorded data in order to ge
154. the Main window has moved to the Test 2 mark 7 Using the mouse click and hold on the comment Test 2 at the bottom of the screen Continue holding the mouse button down and drag the mark comment to a new position on one of the available channels 8 Release the mouse button and the mark is locked on the selected channel Comments positioned in this way will remain where they are placed and will print exactly as you see them 9 Try this exercise again with a mark created off line To create an off line mark open the Single Cursor mode by clicking the Single Cursor icon in the LabScribe toolbar Position the cursor where the off line mark is to be positioned Type some text on the comment line at the top of the screen and press the Return or Enter key The mark appears at the cursor location and the comment appears at the bottom of the screen The Marks window displays the Time that a mark was made the text comment attached to the Mark the Channel on which the mark was made and the Value of the amplitude at the mark Marks can be sorted by Time Channel or the text comment of the Mark by clicking on the column titles Click once to organize marks in ascending order and a second time to change to descending order Using the standard Windows commands SHIFT CLICK and CONTROL CLICK specific marks can be highlighted Once selected use the Export button to send selected marks to a text file which can be opened in Excel or another spread
155. the Stimu lator Control Panel or automatically from a programmed sequence more later Number of Pulses The total number of pulses that can be sent from the stimulator output after the Start button is clicked Pulse Width The pulse is the basic unit of an output protocol and it has two basic dimen sions amplitude as described above and length The length of the pulse is also called pulse width or pulse duration The pulse duration is adjustable between 0 1ms and the period of the pulse as programmed by the Pulse Frequency Pulse Frequency This is the number of programmed pulses that are delivered in one second period of time Pulse frequency is adjustable between 0 1Hz and 5000Hz The maximum frequency that can be set is dependent on the pulse duration In the case of the Worx 104 204 the frequency is also dependent on the sampling rate Remember that the period P is the inverse of the frequency F or P 1 F Chapter 6 Input and Output 75 Building Output Protocols in Pulse Mode An Example of Continuous Pulses Holding Potential This is a voltage between and 5V that can be programmed to shift the resting voltage of an excitable tissue like a nerve It is also known as a holding voltage because it can be used to hyperpolarize the membrane potential of an excitable tissue and prevent it from depolarizing or firing To record stimulus pulses like the examples that follow the stimulator output of an Worx un
156. tified data points can be sent to either the Journal or the Marks window where they can be used to either build a report or be exported While identifying data does not constitute an analysis per se the detection of specific data ALWAYS precedes analysis For example to measure changes in Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure LVEDP over time the LVEDP points need to be located in the field of blood pressure data and the corresponding values need to be recorded The statistical manipulation of the recorded LVEDP values is classified as analysis but the first critical step in the analysis was the extraction of the relevant data points or regions of interest from the complete data The events data points or regions of interest that can be detected by the LabScribe program are classified into two categories General and Specific 70 General Events Find Dialogue Window Find Example Auto Find Dialogue Window Chapter 1 Analysis General events can be located easily through the Find or the Auto Find dialogue windows The Find dialogue window is accessed by selecting Find from the Tools menu The Find function is only available on the Analysis or the ScopeView window Therefore to manipulate data with this function data must be captured from the Main window and placed in either of those two windows Data points of interest can be identified using stock commands from the Find dialogue window These commands can move cursors t
157. tricted to 0 05V and so on The bioamplifier channels of the Worx 214 204 114 units apply gain to the input signals coming through them when different recording modes are selected The following table shows the gains applied for the modes selected Table 2 1 Gains for Each Bioamplifier Mode or Filter Setting ECG 0 3 150Hz x1000 x1000 x1000 EMG 3 10KHz x1000 x1000 x1000 EEG 0 3 35Hz x10000 x1000 x1000 On the Worx 214 114 the gain and filter modes are selected from the Mode menu on the Channels page of the Preferences dialogue window in the Edit Menu or the Input Mode function in the right click menu of Channels 1 or 2 On the iWorx 204 the gain and filter modes are selected by pressing the red mode button on the front panel of the instrument The DIN 8 inputs on Worx analog to digital converters can apply up to X1000 gain This is accomplished through the placement of a gain programming resistor within the DIN 8 connector of the transducer or cable that can be plugged into the DIN 8 inputs of the Worx units Gain programming resistors are ALREADY PRESENT IN ALL WORX TRANSDUCERS Gain programming resistors can be installed on NON WORX transducers by rewiring the connector Consult the hardware section in the appendix of this manual for the pin configurations and diagrams of the DIN 8 connectors used with Worx ADC s 12 Offset Filters Offset is sometimes referred to as positioning Some recorders
158. ts H Stimulator Dspl Gain Telegraph P Dig Input r Wavelets Set Raw Chii Figure 5 1 The Right Click for a channel displayed on the LabScribe Main window Periodic functions operate on cyclic data to produce a graphical representation of how the Rate Frequency Period Cycle Maximum Cycle Minimum Cycle Mean or RMS Root Mean Square vary with time The program calculates these parameters with each cycle of the signal and displays the calculation on the screen To make these types of calculations on each cycle the software must have a way of defining a cycle of data As data is collected on line or processed off line the LabScribe program begins the calculation by using the AutoScale feature to determine the Max and Min values in a given screen of data Then the program uses a Threshold value to find points on the recording where the trace repeatedly crosses the threshold with a positive slope The control for the Threshold level can be found on the Functions page of the Preferences dialogue window in the Periodic section The Threshold level is set at X of maximum value in any given screen of data By default X is set to 60 which is adequate for almost all biological signals The Threshold percentage can be changed by entering a different number in its box Finally the program defines the time between the points where the recording repeatedly crosses the threshold line with a positive slope as a Period Figure 5 2 on pag
159. two cursors When using Dual Cursor mode the cursor farthest to the left is always Cursor 1 and the other to the right is always Cursor 2 Dual Cursor mode is also used to define the right and left boundaries of a selection of data This selected area can be used to define the contents of the Analysis window or to determine what two values are used to accomplish the Units Conversion function Once cursors have been called they may be moved by placing the mouse over the cursor bar clicking holding and dragging them to the right or left Cursors may also be moved using the arrow keys on the keyboard In Dual Cursor mode you can change the cursor that is moved by using the UP arrow Pressing the RIGHT or LEFT arrow key on the keyboard moves the cursor one data point Holding the SHIFT key down while using the arrow key causes the cursor to move 5 data points at a time and holding the CONTROL key down while pressing a RIGHT or LEFT arrow moves the cursor forward 10 points at a time In Single Cursor mode the value displayed represents the value identified on the channel by the one and only cursor If the data is scrolled so that the cursor goes off screen the cursor is automatically garaged and the channel display area will display the value of the visible data point furthest to the right In Dual Cursor mode Cursor 1 is always the left hand cursor If Cursor 2 is moved to the left of Cursor 1 it becomes Cursor 1 Values reported in the Valu
160. u These commands work the same as they do in every other program written for Windows 95 98 Me NT or XP Selecting Save As will create a copy of the file on the disk with a new name LabScribe saves three documents with each file saved 1 The actual raw data which is held in a file with the iwd extension Worx Document 2 The Journal file which carries the same name as the data document but uses the extension rtf Rich Text Format 3 The settings documents with the extension iws Worx Settings 93 Journal The Journal is actually very similar to WordPad Files created and saved from the Journal go to the disk in rtf format allowing them to be opened and edited in any program that supports that format A formatted and edited rtf file may then be printed in whatever program you are using to read it including the LabScribe software 2 5 HM untitled Wie 14 dhef aul LabSocribe Fie Ect Wew Window Tools Settings Help pisa Sin Es SNP ES S Mmm This is whai happens when you plot the pulse wawe agains the first demvaine 0 755 147 O 4bz 1 071 Sone measuermernte follore 1 Y2 Al R ope 22735 16616 0651 03 16091 wed TE 11 03 5i Por Hep press Fl Figure 8 1 Text and image as displayed in the Journal window In addition to images calculated values from the Analysis window or the ScopeView window can be moved to the Journal by calling the Add Data to Journal command in the T
161. utput toolbar is Cit enabled You can turn off or on this toolbar using View gt Digital Output Bar The toolbar consists of a drop down box that lists all the digital output sequences that have been created in the prefer ences dialog box While recording to fire a digital output sequence just select it from the drop down list or if the sequence was already selected click on the DOut button next to the torpedoing box open pump clase oume Digital Inputs The Worx 118 has up to 8 Digital inputs in two banks BNC s 5 8 can be configured as digital inputs or as digital outputs To enable digital inputs select the Enable Digital Inputs checkbox in the Digital I O page in Preferences 86 Viewing Digital Inputs Once enabled in the Preferences dialog box digital inputs can be viewed on any channel either online or offline To enable EEts p Stimulator Dspl P Gain Telegraph D1 DS digital inputs on a channel right click on Wavelets Di D4 the channel and go to Dig Input Digital Set Raw Chti D2 Analog inputs can be viewed as one 8 bit word Fs D1 D8 or as a 4 bit word D1 D4 Digital DilTrigger Ram D Freq Input 1 and Digital Input 2 are special i i 1 D3 tO Period Inputs Digital Input 1 also serves as an O4 tl Time On edge triggered input which can detect DS Time OFF pulses as small as 50ns Digital Input 2 D6 Duty Cycle also doubles as an 8 bit resolution D7 opt unipolar analog inpu
162. values above or below a specified level and have LabScribe advise the user when such conditions are met This feature in LabScribe is called an EVENT Events are set up in the events area at the bottom of the ADVANCED tab of the PREFERENCES menu Each channel can have two such events specified Events Channel Channel 1 Evert f 500 Walue lt 600 Jopen Enable Fire Output Sequence Evert2 M lhoo Value lt 500 close Figure 6 15 Controls for the Event programming on the iWorx 114 214 118 LabScribe advises the user that a data condition has been met by firing an output sequence A possible application might be as follows Suppose we create two sequences in the sequences builder a sequence that turns I O 1 ON and another that turns I O 2 OFF If we send the I O 1 output line to a valve at the bottom of a reaction chamber we can open and close the valve and release pressure If we also attach a pressure sensor to the chamber and run its conditioned output into channel 1 of the iWorx 118 data acquisition system LabScribe can then follow the pressure in the reaction chamber We can then create a pair events that will follow the pressure on Channel 1 and when the value goes from below 500mmHg to above 600 mmHg LabScribe will fire the first sequence that will open the valve and release the pressure When the value on Channel 1 drops from above 500mmHg to below 400 mmHg LabScribe will fire the second sequence and cl
163. weeps in a series can be typed in the Sweep s box on the Sampling page The beginning of each recorded sweep is determined by the Start mode conditions A Delay Between Sweeps can also be programmed in the Multiple Sweep mode If zero is selected as the Delay Between Sweeps the next sweep in the series is taken as soon as the software is ready which is typically in 2 to 5 milliseconds When operating in Scope mode LabScribe takes snapshots of data Each snapshot is called a sweep and has a pre determined length The sweep length or display time is set in the Stop Mode section of the Sampling page from the Preference dialogue window By choosing Timed as the Stop Mode the sweep length in msec can be entered into the edit box in that section of the page Determining the optimal sampling frequency in Scope mode is the same procedure as used for Chart mode First find the shortest event in the record If the compound action potential is used as an example the spike goes from baseline to about 80 of its full amplitude in about 0 35 ms If you substitute 00035s for the rise time in the following equation 0 159 Rise Time Bandwidth 0 159 0 00035 454 If the bandwidth is multiplied by five the minimum sampling frequency is 2270Hz Doubling the sampling rate to 5kHz insures that the trace recorded is representative of the signal If the entire event of interest is only 0 1 sec long a sweep at 5 000 samples per second occupies o

LabScribe Data Acquisition Software Manual.

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