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1. Figure 9 Embedded pile Using embedded piles with a horizontal displacement boundary condition wx 0 the deformed system is defined by a linear pre curvature from the support point to the top of the pile and a para bolic pre curvature between the support points and the foot of the pile Figure 10 Pile with a displacement boundary condition wx 0 Parabel f linear e0 d 2 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 32 of 87 August 2014 The length L is given per field The procedure for piles with two displacement boundary condi tions is shown in Figure 11 linear Parabel e0 d 2 Parabel Figure 11 Pile with two displacement boundary conditions The settings are defined in GGU LATPILE in the analysis menu under System Analyse m Buckling analysis DIN EN 1993 1 1 J 2nd order theory Pre curvature 1 150 v Ej JV Pre curvature to the passive side The size and direction of the pre curvature can be specified Whether a pre curvature towards the passive side or the active side provides the more unfavourable design values is system dependent the following message will therefore be displayed once analysis begins hr You are using pre curvature to DIN EN 1993 1 1 You have selected pre curvature to the passive side When f
2. Iteration pile optimisation on Iteration reduction subgrade reaction MOGUL EE EE EE sated EE Ee ef 6 18 kh method Eis se ee ee Ee ee 80 Knowledge Base aCCESS ee ee se se 79 L Labelling system result graphics iis sesse 67 Language preferences iese se se Ge ee Lateral pressures define iese se ee se ee Layout define for output sheet Layout define for output table Legends move with mouse Licence protection iisi iessen Line loads define ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee reee Line loads perpendicular to pile axis 29 Live load consider area load as ano Live load consider distributed load as 45 Load cases adopt in accordance with DIN 1054 2005 EC 7 ees ee es se ee ee ee ee 52 Load concentration factor considet 29 Load concentration factor define 0 50 Loads graphical output preferences 66 M Manual open as PDF file eee crete 80 Maximum values display for state variables 69 Maximum values show for system 04 79 Metafile export iese ee se ee ee se ee ee GR GRA Ge 42 Mini CAD file EXPO esse ee ee RA Ge 43 Mini CAD use we TL M N diagram Moment of inertia enter for steel sections 58 Moment of inertia enter for user defined ele RE RE EE ii 59 Moment restraint define we 24 Moment define at pile head AA Mous
3. GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 23 of 87 August 2014 6 Theoretical principles 6 1 General GGU LATPILE solves the differential eguation for an elastically embedded pile using the given boundary conditions EJ w 4 ks b gt w q with e E Young s modulus e J moment of inertia e w pile displacement e ks subgrade reaction modulus e b pile width q load The solution is determined numerically using the so called finite element method Action boundary conditions at the pile head can be defined see menu item Editor 1 System input At the pile toe boundary conditions are generally e Moment 0 0 e Shear force 0 0 e Vertical displacement 0 0 If you want to define a moment restraint at the pile head select the Editor 2 Displacement boundary conditions menu item and enter this condition directly below the pile head Displacement BC s x Forw Back Cancel 1 displacement BC s to edit we positive to the right wy positive downwards phi positive clockwise No Depth m Size m or radian 1 1 00 0 00000 Rotation phi Proceed in a similar manner if for example you want to set horizontal displacement to zero 0 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 24 of 87 August 2014 6 2 Soil properties A maximum of 50 soil layers can be taken into consideration The following parameters must be given for each e depth in m below pile head or absolute depth e unit weight kN m of th
4. GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 51 of 87 August 2014 7 2 13 Partial factors Sum V menu item If you are analysing with the partial safety factor concept you will see a dialog box for defining the partial factors Partial factors Sum V analyses x Partial factors Permanent actions Permanent actions at rest pressure Changeable actions Passive ep af 8 8 8 OT Bm of Nf w Oo E E uo Passive ep calibration factor m Sum V analyses V Analysis of mobilised passive earth pressure MV Analysis of vertical capacity Use own empirical data not recommended 2 m Default values To DIN 1054 2010 To ONORM EN 1997 1 O e In the dialog box s lower group box activate required Sum V analyses using the two check boxes When the check boxes are activated analysis is performed automatically following your system analysis and design see the example in Section 5 12 On a previously analysed system you can perform the analyses with a variety of settings via the menu item Evaluation Sum V analyses see Section 7 5 3 without having to reanalyse the system In the Default values group box the partial factors for the various load cases and subsoil condi tions given in the DIN 1054 2010 and in the EC 7 can be selected by means of the dialog box reached by clicking the To DIN 1054 2010 button The load case designations were altered for the EC 7 part
5. 0 000 3 7 500 50 000 75 000 0 000 Using the x subgrade moduli to edit button enter 3 as new number of subgrade reaction mo duli for the example Edit the values corresponding to the dialog box shown 5 12 Step 10 Analyse system Go to the System menu and select Analyse Analyse steel pile o x Steel pile Pile length m 750 Pile width m o300 2 Section HEB 300 Width 0 300 m Buckling analysis DIN EN 1993 1 1 J 2nd order theory Pre curvature 1 150 F 2 MV Pre curvature to the passive side r Subgrade Reduce subgrade with gammalE p Analysis of Bh d lt Eph d down to pile toe 2 m Support at pile base IV Vertical support at the pile base 2 Cancel The pile length and pile width were adopted from the Editor 1 System input dialog box If you would prefer to use a different section click the Section button and select the required sec tion from the list of sections displayed Confirm the input by pressing OK GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 17 of 87 August 2014 EC 7 requires that a verification be performed to demonstrate that the soil stress k w g is smaller than the characteristic passive earth pressure epn not reduced by a partial safety factor However once analysis is complete it must be verified that the sum of the soil stress is smaller than the design passive earth pressure ks Wa lt Eph Yep Using t
6. DIN 4085 2011 recommended C DIN 4085 1987 C Mohr Coulomb root Streck C Caquot Kerisel User defined 2 C DIN 4085 1987 Caquot Kerisel 2 m Three dimensional effect for passive ep To DIN 4085 2011 recommended ToDIN 4085 1987 C ToWeifenbach C Without 3D influence Start depth 3 dimensional passive ep m 0 00 2 Partial factor Partial factor passive ep 1 40 Passive ep calibration factor 1 00 2 Cancel In the upper group box you specify the type of passive earth pressure calculation The method of choice is DIN 4085 2011 Only if you want to check examples from older literature or examine certain analysis results does it make sense to select a different method User defined earth pressure coefficients can be entered using the menu item Editor 1 User defined earth pressure coeffi cients see Section 7 2 10 When dealing with a single pile 3 dimensional passive earth pressure may be assumed If you use the classical method of calculating earth pressure distribution no 3 dimensional effects are taken into consideration If you have selected partial safety factors enter the partial factor for passive earth pressure and the calibration factor in the dialog box in accordance with the information in DIN 1054 2010 EC 7 For an analysis employing the global safety factors used in DIN 1054 old the passive earth pressure safety factor can be specified here GGU LATPILE U
7. The following relationships apply for the parameters x and y x Kano kang Kano a y Kano Kang j Kano X Aean Y dh surcharge y unit weight of soil in the berm area If the angle f is greater than it is assumed that B for analysis Berms on the passive side are dealt with in exactly the same manner GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 27 of 87 August 2014 6 8 Arealoads Up to 10 area loads can be positioned on the active side at any height Area load Possible types of earth eaho pressure distribution 3 eahu Tye 1 2 3 Figure 5 Area load The slip surface angle for the active earth pressure resulting from the self weight of the soil is adopted for analysis compliant to DIN 4085 cos p at Na ee 5 cos a 2 9 9 arctan sin y B cos a 6 When there are a number of soil layers GGU LATPILE moves from layer to layer applying the appropriate angles of friction The type of resulting earth pressure distribution can be defined in 4 different ways GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 28 of 87 August 2014 For at rest pressure the effects on the pile from area loads are determined using the theory of elastic half space The two load concentration factors 3 and 4 can be taken into consideration also see Figure 6 e For over consolidated cohesive soils use the concentration factor 3 applies where Cop G T B2 B cos s
8. An information box provides information on activating the zoom function and on available options Legend font selection menu item With this menu item you can switch to a different true type font All available true type fonts are displayed in the dialog box Pen colour and width menu item In order to enhance the clarity of the graphics you can edit the pen settings for various graphic elements e g moment shear force loads etc You can edit the pen widths for the elements shown in the dialog box by clicking on the button with the element designation you can also edit the pen or fill colours On monochrome printers e g laser printers colours are shown in a corresponding grey scale Graphic elements employing very light colours may be difficult to see In such cases it makes sense to edit the colour preferences GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 70 of 87 August 2014 7 6 5 Mini CAD toolbar and Header toolbar menu items Using these two menu items you can add free text to the graphics and add lines circles polygons and images e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc The same pop up menu opens for both menu items the icons and functions used are described in more detail in the Mini CAD manual provided The differences between the Mini CAD and Header CAD are as follows e Objects created with Mini CAD are based on the coordinate system generally in me tres in which the drawing is produced and are shown a
9. The type of pile to be analysed is specified using the buttons in the lower group box If you have decided to use a Steel pile and then entered all system data you can select the menu item File New once again in order to switch to Bored pile or Square pile Previously entered system data is retained If you select Bored pile subsequent design to EC 2 will assume a circular cross section If you select Square pile subsequent design to EC 2 will assume a square cross section The informa tion with regard to From section list is irrelevant for Bored pile and Square pile If you have changed to partial safety factor concept in the uppermost group box you will see a further dialog box for specifying the partial factors after clicking the required pile type Using the Default values button you can accept the partial factors given in DIN 1054 2010 or EC 7 for the different load cases The partial factors entered can be edited at any time using the Edi tor 1 Partial factors Sum V menu item see Section 7 2 13 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 36 of 87 August 2014 7 1 2 7 1 3 7 1 4 7 1 5 Load menu item You can load a file with system data which was created and saved at a previous sitting and then edit the data Save menu item You can save data entered or edited during program use to a file in order to have them available at a later date or to archive them The data is saved without prompting with the
10. consider as live load esse ees 55 Area loads consideration of 7 Area loads defin ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee At rest earth pressure coefficient after Franke susse oes de Ee bedes ees Ge ede sd 25 At rest earth pressure vert horiz COMPONEN ee se ee ee ee RA GR Re ee 25 At rest earth pressure select for analysis 47 B Bending line calculation with Young s moduluS esse ee se ee ee RA 59 Berms define labelling preferences 67 Berms define on active side esse see ee 45 Berms define on passive side ese see 45 Bounded surcharges consider ses see 30 Bounded surcharges define ees se see 56 Buckling analysis to DIN EN 1993 1 1 aelivdl AM hae AT es EA 61 Buckling analysis to DIN EN 1993 1 1 pile analysis principles iese sesse ee se see 31 C Caquot Kerisel select for analysis 49 Clipboard ees sesse ee ee RA Ge ee CodeMeter stick Cohesion coefficient determination methods 25 Cohesion enter ese ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Colour define for so1lS iese ee ee ee ee ee ee Colour switch on off ese Colour hatching define for loads Colour pens define for graphical elements 70 Company letterhead add via Mini CAD 71 Cone resistance for analysis of Vertical capacity siese dees ere ee 25 46 Context menu OPEN nsei 82 Coordinates alter via editOF iese esse ee see ee ees
11. 8 Step 6 Define type of earth pressure Go to the Editor 1 menu and select Type of earth pressure Type of earth pressure FHelation 1DE factor kat factor KU Factor Relation 1 U factor elaetive factor elrest Factor fa The necessary buttons are already selected so you need not change anything The same applies to the remaining menu items in Editor 1 However you should click on these items and take a look at them in order to familiarise yourself with them GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 14 of 87 August 2014 5 9 Step 7 Define active earth pressure Go to the Editor 1 menu and select Active earth pressure Active earth pressure If necessary edit the data there in accordance with the dialog box and confirm with OK GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 15 of 87 August 2014 5 10 Step 8 Define passive earth pressure Go to the Editor 1 menu and select Passive earth pressure Passive earth pressure Accept the proposed setting GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 16 of 87 August 2014 5 11 Step 9 Define subgrade reaction modulus profile Go to the Editor 2 menu and select Subgrade reaction moduli SR moduli xi Forw Back Cancel Sort Subgrade modulus unit kN m 3 subgrade moduli to edit Lock on strata boundaries Info No to depth ks top ks bottom mu ks m MN re MN rr 1 2 000 0 000 25 000 0 000 2 5 000 10 000 15 000
12. Area and line loads menu item ee se se ee RA RA RA RA Re ee ee Re Ge Re ee Re ee Re 55 7 3 6 Bounded surcharges menu iteM ee se se RA RA GRA RA ee ee ee ee Ge Re Ge Re ee Re 56 1 3 1 Steel sections ment item see EE GE GES GE de Ee EE Ee ees AR KEEL ER de GER Ge EN ee 56 7 3 8 Section data menu itemi sesse se se Ge Re GR Ge Re Ge Re GR ee GRA Ge RR Ge ek Ge ee 59 7 3 9 Young s modulus Specific weight or Specific weight menu items 59 ES Ede GEE N RE EE EE EE EE EE tice 60 AE Info Menu teri ER EE OE EE EE ER 60 7 4 2 Special preferences menu item se RR RA GRA GRA ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 60 7 4 3 Depth subdivisions menu item i iese se se ee RR RA GRA Re Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 60 7 44 Analyse menu item iese see se ee ee ee Re Re RR GRA GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 61 TAS Optimise Menu te 3 esse sat ane a eStores ee ee eek ED ego tess ENE gede ee de 62 7 4 6 Design defaults menu item ee ee RR RR RA GRA GRA ee ee ee Oi ee 63 7 4 7 Graph positioning preferences menu item ee se ee ee ee ee Re Re RR ee Re 65 7 4 8 Graphics output preferences menu item see se ee ee ee ee Re Re Ge Re ee ae 66 7 4 9 Labelling preferences menu item se RA RA GRA GR Re ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee Re 67 7 4 10 Graph grid preferences menu item ee ee se Re RA RA RA ae ee ee ee ee ee 67 7 4 11 Dimension lines menu item ee se RR RA RA GRA RA Ge ee
13. Define passive earth DreSSUIE ee ee ee ee ee ee Ge Re ER GR Re GR Re RA GRA Re ee ee ee 16 5 11 Step 9 Define subgrade reaction modulus profile sa ae RA Re ee ee Re ee 17 5 12 Step T0 Analyse system EE wares E een A ge dy E ae R EE ER De 17 5 13 Step 11 Evaluate and visualise the results sesse ese ee ee se Re Ge Re GR Re RA GR ee Re ee ee ee 22 6 Theoretical principles esse sesse sees see Bee Se ee EE Ee Ge EG EG EG Bee Bee ee Ee EE Ge EE Ge Ge Ge ee 24 Gels General RE MS waves ah eterna et haat aaa ee EG ED a reste it EE a Ge EG Ee 24 6 2 Soil properties sx RE EG EE ER ED ee Ge we ew 25 ES Verbi ede dd AE EE a N EA OE R 25 GA At rest earth pressure ER wk ee EG EDE ee oe ge ee GE Rieder a whee GR 25 6 5 Increased activer arth Pressure EES ESE DR EE RE RS EG hide ee Ee RE es dat R 26 6 6 Passive earth DressUTr i s Gee REGEER VEER estes a EER GESE GE Ge Ve A ER ESE n EER Reg GER ee i 26 G se EE AE EE RE AA OE EO ees 27 6 8 An AR OR RE RE HIE EN ON IE EE 28 6 9 bine loadSt EE Ee EE RE Es ee ee ee ER DEERE eee ee 29 6 10 Bounded surcharges active side ee ee ee ee ee Ee Re GE Re RR GR Re GR Re RA GRA Re ee ee ee 30 6 11 Bounded surcharges passive side ee ee ee ee ER RR RA GRA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee ee ee ee 30 6 12 MS theory oe N DO OG ee ke 31 6 13 Analysis of mobilised passive earth DresSUr see ee ee se RR RA RA GRA Re ee ee ee 34 6 14 Analysis of vertical Capacity iese see se ee ee ee ee Ge Ge Re Ge Re GR Re G
14. Display state variables Td ad M gak T gk ak Display displacement Td Mm M gak TF gk T ak MV Display reduced subgrade modulus profile Same height for all Plot height surcharges m 0 300 Load hatching With colour 7 Oversizing passive active earth pressure 1 0 Pile thickness graphics only m 0 25 Show system Cancel If a system has been analysed using 2 order theory with buckling analysis to DIN EN 1993 1 1 activated either the Displacement or the Pre curvature can be selected for display in the result graphics in the dialog box shown above Any adopted pre curvature will always be given in the output table When analysing using partial safety factors you will also see the group boxes Display earth pressure Display state variables and Display displacement in which you can acti vate display of the permanent g and or live loads q In addition the design values d can be displayed You can also specify hatching and the presentation height of loads If the Same height for all check box is not selected load visualisation is based on load size the height of the presentation indicating the maximum load Leave the dialog box by pressing Show system If the system has already been analysed you can leave the box by pressing Show results and then view the result graphics on the screen GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 66 of 87 August 2014 7 4 9 Labe
15. Earth pressure coefficients user defined Earth pressure distribution classical method 49 Earth pressure preferences for active Earth pressure preferences for passive Earth pressure select for analysis Earth quake as design situation to EC 7 EC 2 cross section approach iese sesse ay EC 3 activate for steel design sesse sesse ese EC 7 load cases description ees sesse ee se ee Editor window output table sesse see se ee Elastically embedded pile differential equation ese see se Ge ek Ge ee 24 EMF format Equivalent earth pressure coefficient activate USC eee se see se Se ee Ge Ge ee 48 Euler cases example files iese ese se se se ee 34 Excavation change alignment see sees 35 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 84 of 87 August 2014 F File display name in legend eee eee 73 File load save ccccceesceeees bee OT Find best section 18 Find optimum section 63 Finite element method see see se ee ee 24 First moment of area enter for steel sections 58 Fotitsel ction is n ey Nee beeen EE be vee Font size design legend ese see se ee ee Font size dimension lines ees Font size edit for graphical elements Font size general legend esse ese Font size soil properties legend eise Font size subgrade modulus legend Font size system result graphics iss sesse esse
16. Ee 44 7 2 3 Berms active side menu item se se Re RA RA RA GRA ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 45 7 2 4 Berms passive side menu ite eee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA Gee Ge ee ee ee ee ee 45 12 5 Soils menu item ELE SES EE ares iin aie ae in eae Ee Ek eg 46 7 2 6 Type of earth pressure menu item ees se ee RA RA GRA ee ee ee ee ee Re Ge Re ee ae 47 7 2 1 Active earth pressure menu item se se RA GRA GR Re ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 48 7 2 8 Passive earth pressure menu itEM ee ee ee RR RA RA RA ae Ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 49 7 2 9 At rest earth pressure menu item se ses RA RA GRA RA ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee 50 7 2 10 User defined earth pressure coefficients menu IeM ese ee ee ee Re RR RA 50 7 2 11 Seismic acceleration menu item ee ee seesi onnes Ge ee ee ee ee ee 51 7 2 12 Analysis of Sum V menu item se se se RA RA GRA Re Ge ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 51 7 2 13 Partial factors Sum V menu item sesse se se RR RR RA RA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 52 Ta Editor 2 meHU s sesse e Re GEE DES ER DE ese ge ee OAE E es ese De Ee RE se ED 53 7 3 1 Subgrade reaction moduli menu item ese se RA RA RA ae ee ee ee ee ee 53 7 3 2 Displacement boundary conditions menu iteM cc see se ee ee ee Re Re RR RA 54 7 3 3 Action boundary conditions menu item sees ee eee see ee ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee Re 54 1 3 4 Lateral pressures menu item iese ee Ese GR GEE GE ESE Ge REDES EG Ee GEE iia 55 7 3 5
17. LATPILE User Manual Page 10 of 87 August 2014 5 4 Step 2 Enter system data Go to the menu item Editor 1 System input and enter the data for the pile head loading stem input The pile width is reguired for determination of the 3 dimensional passive earth pressure Using this menu item you also enter any groundwater level and distributed loads see Section 7 2 2 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 11 of 87 August 2014 5 5 Step 3 Define berm on the active side Go to the Editor 1 menu and select Berms active side Active berms m rl BAe BAGE Click 0 berm s to edit and enter 1 as the new number of berms Enter the following values and click Done Active berms i E 100 325 13 foo 5 6 Step 4 Define berm on the passive side Go to the Editor 1 menu and select Berms passive side Click 0 berm s to edit and enter the number 1 Enter the following values and click Done Passive berms Done OT EE GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 12 of 87 August 2014 5 7 Step 5 Define soils Go to the Editor 1 menu and select Soils Click the Edit no of soils button and enter 3 as new number of soils Enter the values shown in the following dialog box Soil properties rr 5 00 20 00 11 00 27 5 j i 0 10 00 0 00 850 19 00 10 00 35 0 I j i 0 10 00 000 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 13 of 87 August 2014 5
18. Manual Page 34 of 87 August 2014 7 Description of menu items 7 1 Filemenu 7 1 1 New menu item You can enter a new system using this menu item You will see the following dialog box New dataset x Project identification _ m Standard Partial safety factor concept EC 7 Partial safety factor concept DIN 1054 2005 Global safety factors DIN 1054 old Info EC 7 General Subarade modulus unit Use absolute heights Display passive side on the right Differentiate active passive soil properties regarding phi gamma gamma MN rr 7 m Section data Using section list MV Steel design to EC 3 Using user defined section data Info m Type of pile Steel pile Square pile Cancel You can enter a dataset description Project identification of the problem going to process which will then be used in the General legend see Section 7 6 7 In the next group box the radio buttons are used to specify which safety concept to use for analysis and design Additionally excavation visualisation to the right can be activated as well as selecting kN m or MN m as the units for the modulus of subgrade reaction via a drop down menu The units can also be modified directly in the Editor 2 Subgrade reaction moduli menu item dialog box see Section 7 3 1 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 35 of 87 August 2014
19. activate or deactivate the undo functions menu Copyright menu item You will see a copyright message and information on the program version number The System button shows information on your computer configuration and the folders used by GGU LATPILE GGU on the web menu item Using this menu item you can access the GGU Software website www ggu software com Keep in touch with new program versions and the regular download offers If you would like to be automatically notified about program innovations please register for the Newsletter in our Knowledge Base Go to the following website http kbase civilserve com GGU support menu item This menu item takes to the GGU Software Support area at www ggu software com Maxima menu item Here you can check the defaults for maximum values Compare earth pressure coefficients menu item Here you can calculate the earth pressure coefficients for given values of phi delta and beta GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 79 of 87 August 2014 7 8 6 kh method menu item Using this menu item you can design according to the kh method DIN 1045 old mdependent of any calculated internal forces 7 8 7 M N diagram menu item Using this menu item you can design circular cross sections according to DIN 1045 old inde pendent of any calculated internal forces The program calculates steel and concrete strains by means of iteration and from this determines the necessa
20. are not happy with the automatic graph arrangement you can arrange them to suit your needs using this menu item First activate the Manual graph positioning radio button Graph positioning preferences x The diagrams will then be shown central at the position x with the specified Width The fastest way to modify the position of a graph is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the graph to the new position holding the left mouse button pressed Automatic graph positioning Manual graph positioning Manual graph positions Graph name x Earth pressure Shear force Normal force Displacement Subgrade modulus Lateral pressures m Em Moment 10 00 Mso 2000 EN EUNE Em Width m o EE EE EE EE EE o Cancel GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 65 of 87 August 2014 7 4 8 Graphics output preferences menu item Among other things the screen graphics consist of several graphs presenting depth oriented re sults This menu item opens a dialog box which allows you to visualise the selected state variables on the screen by activating the corresponding check boxes On the whole the dialog box is self explanatory Graphics output preferences x m Internal forces etc with ep 7 IV Moment IV Shear force IV Normal force IV Displacement J Pre curvature IV Subgrade modulus m Display earth pressure E M rak FT ak Mm m
21. by means of the plot margins see Section 7 7 5 Image coordinates x x left Im 10 0000 y bottom m 20 0000 Scale x direction 1 100 0000 Scale y direction 1 100 0000 Save Load Cancel Old values The image coordinates entered here can be saved in a file with the extension bxy and be re loaded later for the same file or for different files If you want to recover the previous values during input or use the menu item again after editing the coordinates you can do this by pressing the Old values button Font size selection menu item You can edit font sizes for labelling the various drawing elements The font sizes of text within legends are edited in the respective legend editor Just double click in a legend to do this GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 77 of 87 August 2014 7 1 5 Page size and margins menu item The default page set up is A3 when the program is started You can edit the page format in the following dialog box Page size and margins x Edit page size and margins m Page in general Height 297 00 width 420 00 r Page margin in mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 8 00 Bottom 8 00 Plot margin in mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 50 00 Bottom 25 00 V With borders IV With margins Cancel e Page in general defines the size of the output sheet The A3 format is set as default The program automatica
22. ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 68 7 4 12 Display system menu item esse esse ee ee ee RR RR RA GRA GRA Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 68 7 4 13 Display results menu item ese ee se se RR RR GRA GRA GRA Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 68 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 3 of 87 August 2014 71 3 CE Valtat On mel Eks sesse Eie ED ske dee tea ED eet eb EE 69 7 5 1 Main output summary menu item esse ese ee se Re RR RR RA RA Gee Ge ee ee ee ee ee ee 69 7 5 2 Maximum reaction summary menu item sesse ee ee ee ee ee Re Re Ge Re ee Re 69 7 5 3 Sum V analyses menu item ee se Re Re RR GRA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 69 7 6 Graphics preferences MENU is is DERS RE eg RATE A Sieh es EE ee eon 70 7 6 1 Refresh and zoom menu item ee se GRA RA GRA GRA Re ee ee Re Re Ge Re ee ae 70 7 6 2 Zoom info menu Mem sarsie Re SR RR RA GRA a ee ee ee e R ee Re ee Re ee ae 70 7 6 3 Legend font selection menu iteM ee ee ee ee Re RR RR RA RA ae Ge ee ee ee ee ee 70 7 6 4 Pen colour and width menu item se RA GRA Re ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 70 7 6 5 Mini CAD toolbar and Header toolbar menu items ese ese ee ee ee 71 7 6 6 Toolbar preferences menu item es RA RA GRA GRA ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 71 7 6 7 General legend menu item EER Ee GESE GR GEE Ge EG Ke Se EG EE Ge REG GER Ee DE s 73 7 6 8 Soil properties legend menu item ee ee ee Re RR RR RA RA Gee ee ee ee ee ee 74 7 6 9 Design legend m
23. fastest way to modify the position of a dimension line is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the dimension line to the new position with the left mouse button pressed 7 4 12 Display system menu item Once a system has been analysed all the state variables are automatically shown on screen So as not to overburden the screen certain elements of the system for example surcharges are no longer shown If you want to view all the system data without state variables clicking this menu item will enable you to do so 7 4 13 Display results menu item After a system has been analysed all state variables are automatically presented on the screen If you used the menu item System Display system to return to the system visualisation you can go to this menu item to return to the result presentation without renewed analysis Of course this only works if the system has already been analysed GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 68 of 87 August 2014 7 5 7 5 1 7 5 2 7 5 3 Evaluation menu Main output summary menu item A message box appears containing the main system analysis parameters This function can also be initialized pressing the F6 function key You are also informed that double clicking the left mouse button after you have closed the mes sage box on any part of the graphics will cause the correspondingstate variables to be shown on screen Maximum reaction summary menu item You will see
24. graphics adjacent to the layer depths e Legend coloured The soil colours are displayed in the legend Otherwise they will be numbered e Automatic colours The soils are assigned soils colours automatically by the program If the check box is not selected the soil colours individually defined using the Soil colours button will be adopted e Soil colours You will see a dialog box in which you can define your preferences After clicking the button with the desired number you can assign each soil layer a new number or reorganise using the Soil colours Reorganise command button You can save your colour prefer ences to a file with Soil colours Save and use them for different systems by means of the Soil colours Load command button In the lower group box you can also transfer the colour preferences to the Windows colour management dialog box or vice versa as user defined colour preferences for example You can read a further description by pressing the Info button GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 74 of 87 August 2014 7 6 9 Design legend menu item Following analysis and design a legend containing the principal system design results is displayed on the screen Using this menu item you can alter the type of presentation if the Show legend check box is activated You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x value and y value You control the size of the legend using Font size and Max n
25. i20 fess fioo 20 s00 MYe vy EE FEE 2 Hesio iao i20 mo fes fizo 14o 1650 ao s40 MYs EE FPP 3 heso fao iwo fzo 7a fizo aeo oso faso 7080 M Ysw BE FEE IF 4 Hesio eoo isoo fiso feo piso ano aso sea 2820 M Ye m m M OODE 5 Hestea isao isoo faso fas piso aso 4m0 e53 a0 M Ysw ww FEE 6 fHeB200 2m0 200 fso sa iso 5700 feso 781 f s60 M Ysw Mw CODO 7 esz zo 200 feo fas feo 730 feo so a0 M Ye m m m COCE 8 jHee20 o fewo amo h70 oo faro 9380 1053 0 106 0 12590 MYes ep ww FEE FC 9 HEB20 o 2600 fi7s poo 240 i1480 i2830 iso 14880 M Ys EE EF FEE FC 10 HE82a0 20 200 fiso fos 240 13760 i530 piao 18200 M Ys FEE FEE u hess o foo aooo fso pro 270 i6780 ieeso fisso oso M Ysw EE FEE IF 12 Heg32a O eao fawo feos pis 270 19260 290 1610 f 308240 M Ysi FEE FEE IF 13 fesso amo amo fas fzo 270 2156 0 2408 0 171 0 sesso M Ysw FEE FPP 14 HB3 soo eooo aas pzs 270 2sooo 26830 Tao 4880 MYs MV ME FEE 15 Hesso i foo fao faso fas 270 2ee40 32320 i980 576800 M Yes w EF EF FEE 16 HeB450 aoo aooo foo ao 270 3551 0 39820 218 0 798880 M Yes pg EE FEE 17 Hesso sooo foo feso fas 270 s270 4o50 2390 107780 M Ysw ww EE EI 18 Hesso ssao eooo feso fso 270 aszio s5910 2540 1388810 M Ys MV MM FEE IF ig Esso eoo C3000 foo pss 270 s7mo 84250 2700 fimon0 M Ys ww FEE 20 HEBEso esoo aooo faro feo 270 essoao 73200 286 0 210616 0 M Yes pg EF E FEE GGU L
26. is EE ESE EE Ee N SE cue ESE Ge ES EES EG Ged GE ede ee se eg 79 7 8 3 GGU support menu item esse ee ee ee Re Re RR e e ii ee ee Re ee Re 79 7 8 4 Maxima meny item ii ese Re Ee ee ee eg a lochs a esas ER Ee e lek ek gede eie 79 7 8 5 Compare earth pressure coefficients menu item see see ee ee ER Re 79 7 8 6 kh method menu item ee ee ee ee Re RR RA GRA GRA GRA ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 80 7 8 7 M N diagram menu item iese ee ee ee ee Re RR RR GRA GRA GR Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 80 18 8 steel design to EC3 ment tem ss ses ack decd es Ee Soh Gee ene aids 80 1 8 9 Help men iteM RR EE EE EO EE RE N EE 80 7 8 10 What s mew menu item ees ese ee ee ee GR RR RR GRA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 80 7 8 11 Language preferences menu item ee ee RR RR RA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 80 8 Tips And tricks scccssisssssessdssasessessnsesssonssuseousevs ssusoconsunschaoseasonsnseassocesoaseaseunosssseussunssagsenseseetonas 81 8 1 Keyboard afd MOUSE sis cists wel eink Ae een A eee 81 8 2 FUNCHON keysa a N EE Ge ie eee lene ee 82 8 3 Copy print area 1CON ee es ee ER RA RA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee Re GE Re GR Re GR Re GR Re GRA GR ee Gee ee 83 NT EE ME ED EE ES 84 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 4 of 87 August 2014 List of Figures Figure 1 Subgrade reaction modulus profile sees ee se se Ge ee GR ee GR ee Ge ee Ge ee Re ee ee 6 Figure 2 Worked example iese ese se Ge ee Re AA Ge
27. name of the current file Loading again later creates exactly the same presentation as was present at the time of saving Save as menu item You can save data entered during program use to an existing file or to a new file i e using a new file name For reasons of clarity it makes sense to use p20 as file suffix as this is the suffix used in the file requester box for the menu item File Load If you choose not to enter an exten sion when saving p20 will be used automatically If the current system has been analysed at the time of saving the analysis resultsare saved in the file Print output table menu item 7 1 5 1 Selecting the output format You can have a table printed containing the current analysis results The results can be sent to the printer or to a file e g for further editing in a word processor The output contains all informa tion on the current state of analysis including the system data You have the option of designing and printing the output table as an annex to your report within the GGU LATPILE program To do this select Output as graphics from the following op tions Select output x Select output Output as ASCII Cancel If you prefer to easily print or process the data in a different application you can send them di rectly to the printer or save them to a file using the Output as ASCII button GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 37 of 87 August 2014 7 1 5 2 Button Output as g
28. the program which was saved using the Graph ics preferences Save graphics preferences menu item Only the corresponding data will be refreshed GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 76 of 87 August 2014 7 7 7 7 1 7 7 2 7 7 3 7 7 4 Page size margins menu Auto resize menu item This menu item provides a to scale visualisation in both x and y coordinates of the system and result graphics If you have previously altered the image coordinates graphically or via editor you can quickly achieve a complete view using this menu item This function can also be accessed using the F9 function key Manual resize mouse menu item You can use the coordinates of a section of the visualisation as the new image coordinates by marking the desired area with the mouse pressing the left mouse button and holding the Ctrl and Shift keys The scales of the x and y axes are adjusted accordingly If the previous propor tions scale x direction scale y direction need to be retained the Proportional section check box must be activated Alternatively you can simply Redefine origin of the visualisation The previous scale prefer ences are not affected by this Manual resize editor menu item You can alter the image coordinates by direct numerical input in a dialog box This allows precise scale input The coordinates refer to the drawing area This can be defined in the Page size margins Page size and margins menu item
29. to achieve output with a zoom factor of 1 button Fit in automatically is deactivated you must adjust the page format to suit the size format of the output device To do this use the dialog box in File Print output table button Output as graphics e DXF file allows output of the graphics to a DXF file DXF is a common file format for transferring graphics between a variety of applications e GGUCAD file allows output of the graphics to a file in order to enable further processing with the GGUCAD program Compared to output as a DXF file this has the advantage that no loss of colour quality occurs during export e Clipboard The graphics are copied to the WINDOWS clipboard From there they can be imported into other WINDOWS programs for further processing e g into a word processor In order to import into any other WINDOWS program you must generally use the Edit Paste function of the respective application e Metafile allows output of the graphics to a file in order to be further processed with third party soft ware Output is in the standardised EMF format Enhanced Metafile format Use of the Metafile format guarantees the best possible quality when transferring graphics If you select the Copy print area tool from the toolbar you can copy parts of the graphics to the clipboard or save them to an EMF file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and tricks Section 8 3 Us
30. 77 Coordinates alter with mouse 77 Coordinates optimise reset sedd Coordinates save load ees see ee ee se ee eee 77 Copy print area iese ee se ee iii 42 72 83 Cutting borders switch on off 78 D Damping define for iteration i e iese eee 18 Dataset desciption enter ree Dataset description display we 73 Delete soil layers iese se ee ee 46 Delete steel section ee se ee ee ee ee seee 57 Design passive earth pressure in analysis 61 Design section Select iese ee ek ee Design display results in legend Design edit defaults sesse see Design of circular cross sections ee see 80 Design using kh method ese sees se ee 80 Differential eguation elastically embedded pile ee se ee ee RR RA Ge Dimension lines define Dimension lines move with mouse DIN 4085 consider in analysis z DIN 4085 select for analysis 0000 DIN EN 1993 5 DIN EN 1993 1 1 sesse ese Displacement boundary conditions define 54 Displacement define for pile z Distributed load define iese se se ee Distributed load define labelling preferences 67 Drawing area define eee see see Ge ek s 78 DXF file EXPO EE RD ee ae Eks dee rd ie 42 DXF file import sesse sesse ese dese bee Ee see bee sed Red dd he 6 E Earth pressure coefficients be analysed Earth pressure coefficients calculate se
31. ATPILE User Manual Page 56 of 87 August 2014 The following options are available e Forw Back Go to no You can navigate through the list using Forw and Back Go to no allows you to jump to the section specified e Cancel Done Exit the dialog box either saving or rejecting your modifications using these buttons e x Sections to edit Info Using this button you may expand or reduce the list of steel sections New sections are added to the end of the list A description of the abbreviations used to enter the section data is available via the Info button e Load Save Sort Delete doubles A different section list can be opened by pressing the Load button It is then possible to append the new list to an already open section list After appending sections it may be ex pedient to delete any double sections in the list by pressing the Delete doubles button The sections can then be sorted either by moment of inertia or by name by pressing the Sort button The modified section list may then be saved to the program folder as tbw ggu file for subsequent analyses by pressing the Save button e Select section A dialog box opens in which you select the required section for design Select section EST Section HEB 300 J Cancel e Simulate corrosion You can define the corrosion for any sections which is then used to calculate the new sec tion data The new section data can be allocat
32. Analysis and design of laterally loaded piles GGU LATPILE VERSION 6 Last revision August 2014 Copyright Prof Dr Johann Buf Technical implementation and sales Civilserve GmbH Steinfeld Contents 1 a E E O is ee EE Ne es ke T Ee DE E GN GE Ee ee De ee Ede Ee Bee T 6 2 Licence protection and installation sesse se esse esse ee ee ee Ge Ge Ge EG EG Bee Bee ee ee ee Se Ge 7 3 Language selection sesse es Nege Ge Se Ge es De Ad Ge ee Re ee og Ee ed be n de sg Rg N ee geed 7 4 Starting the DrOSrAM seesse sesse ese sesse see se EG Be EG Be EE GEE Se EG Be EG Be Ee ee Se esi Be EG Bee Ge ee se ee Se ee ae 8 5 First steps using a worked example sesse se esse esse ee ee ee Ge Ge EG EG EG BEG Bee ee ee ee Ge Ge 9 5 1 General note wes EE EE EE EE OIE 9 5 2 5 Systerii des Cri ptt OM ees EE GR ER ee E ee EE E 9 5 3 Step 1 Select analysis options acses eese e t e o ernai iks 10 54 Step 2 Enter system data iese ee ie GEE VER EER iae a EEE cates STEE EN ESE i e 11 5 5 Step 3 Define berm on the active side ee ee ee RR RR RR RR RA GRA Re ee ee ee 12 5 6 Step 4 Define berm on the passive side ee ee ee Re RR RR RR RA GRA Re ee ee ee 12 51 Step Define sous ES EE EE DEE Ge GE Ee EE er oe 13 5 8 Step 6 Define type of earth pressure ee ee ee ee ee Re GE Re RR GR Re GR Re RA GRA Re ee ee ee 14 5 9 Step 7 Define active earth DreSSUTE ii ee ee ee ee ee Re GE Re RR RR GR Re GRA GRA Re ee ee ee 15 5 10 Step 8
33. Footer output table se ee see se ek se ee ee Franke ti set Ese Ride concep SEE Se yo Reese de Ee kele Ede Ee Friction angle activate separate input of active passive Values iese se ees se se ee ee ee ee 36 Friction angle enter sesse sesse see se ek Ge ee ee 46 Function keys sie ede dep opse ge e 82 General page informations add via Mini CAD ese see se ee Ge Ge RR be Ge Re 71 General stability verification via file export 41 GGUCAD file export eee ee se se ee RA see 42 GGUMiniCAD file export ee ee se 43 GGU STABILITY file export ees ses see 41 Global safety factors concept select for analysis esse sesse Graph grids define Graph positions alter via editor sesse see 65 Graph positions alter with mouse esse 76 Graphics add via Mini CAD 00 eee eee 71 Groundwater define ees ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Groundwater define colour a Groundwater define labelling preferences 67 H Hatching define for loads 0 eee se see ee 66 Header CAD US ese ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 71 Header output table ees see see se ee Re 38 Horizontal displacement define for pile head 24 Horizontal force define at pile head 44 I Increased active earth pressure coefficient 26 Increased active earth pressure select for ANALYSIS og suv es ween Sea ids 47 Installations iieri 7 Iteration define canceling criteria 18 Iteration define damping
34. Ge ee GR ee AA Ge Ge ee Ge ee GRA He RA Ge Re Ge ee ee 9 Figure 3 Visualisation Of NE EE EE EE EE IE E aa 22 Figure 4 Berms on the active side ee ee Se Se Ge ee Re AA Ge Re Ge ee GR ee GRA Ge Ge ee Ge ee ee 27 RE AE ER EE OE RE N ER 26 Figure 6 At rest earth pressure from area loads iese ese se se Ge ee Ge ee RA ee Ge ee Ge ee Re ee 29 Figure 7 Bounded surcharge active side eise sees se see see se ee ee ee ee Ge Ge SR SA SA Ged Ge ee se ee 30 Figure 8 Bounded surcharge passive side sees ee se Se Ge ee GR ee RA Ge Ge ee Ge ee GR ee ee 30 Figure 18 Embedded pile sites sees Ese ees Ed oe GEREED ae sen Ser EE Ee ke eek a O Ese gee Sek ge Ee Gee ias 32 Figure 19 Pile with a displacement boundary condition WX 0 esse se se ee Ge ee Ge ee Re ee 32 Figure 20 Pile with two displacement boundary conditions 33 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 5 of 87 August 2014 1 Preface GGU LATPILE allows analysis and design of piles subjected to lateral loads and moments For analysis both the partial safety factors to EC 7 and the global safety factors to DIN 1054 old may be taken into consideration Subgrade reaction moduli can be applied to user defined linearly variable sections over the length of the pile By thus dividing the pile into a number of sections it is possible to model any subgrade reaction modulus profile M g q 15 0 0 0 N H g q 20 0 0 0 SR moduli Figure 1 Subgrade reaction modu
35. If you select the Use absolute heights check box you can enter all depths and heights in m AD heights are positive upwards If this check box is not selected the pile head is assumed to have a height of 0 0 and all further entries depth of soil layers for example are positive downwards If your system uses differing soil properties on the active and the passive sides activate the Dif ferentiate active passive soil properties check box in the above dialog box You will then be presented with different input columns for entering the active and passive friction angle and unit weight soil properties in the Editor 1 Soils menu item Section 7 2 5 The Section data group box offers you the choice between a list of supplied sections or user defined sections for subsequent design If you work with the section list the search for the opti mum section in the list is performed automatically The section list is loaded automatically when the program starts However you can expand and edit this list to suit your requirements The user defined sections offer the advantage of also being able to define different degrees of stiffnesses moments of inertia etc for the pile You can read more detailed information by clicking the Info button You can also use the File New menu item to switch from design using the section list to design using user defined section data when designing with steel sections Steel design should always follow EC 3
36. R Re GR Re GRA GR ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 34 7 Description of menu iteMS see sees sees sees see se ee ee Ee GE Ge Ge EG EG Bee Bee Se Ee Ee EE Ge EE Ge Ge Ge ea 35 AN oi Ee EE EE EE EE N 35 Talal New menite osie ER EE EE EE 35 T42 Load menu item ove GE EE Ee ge GE Ee deci aii Ge EE GE ee ee ee es 37 EET oe ei GE os ER N EE EI EE ia 37 TARA Save as meni SE OE EE RE EE 37 1 1 5 Print output table menu item iese se EER EE SR GR GE ES GER SEER Se EE ES EE ee ee ii 37 7 1 5 1 Selecting the output format ese ese ee ee Re GR Re RR RR GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 37 7 1 5 2 Button Output as graphicS iese ee ae ee ee ee Re ER GR Re GRA RA Re Re ee ee 38 71 5 3 Button Outputas ASCII Es Ge Ee eg GE se Gee ER GE Ge Ge Gee ee ER eg 40 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 2 of 87 August 2014 RG Export menu temesi m Ee Es ahd be se De ee Fe Dee oath ace eee is 41 T17 Printer preferetices meriu item ses eie SE E i 41 7 1 8 Print and export menu item ee ee ee Re RR RA GRA GRA GRA ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 41 7 1 9 Batch print Menustem sest ER elena Se ver eg Wa RE ee oek se gede EE ie 43 70 MExit menu AE eat HE 43 ARE EE Ameni oi AO AA OR EE MEE 43 Vs Editor E MENU se EE EE ee DE ED De GE A 44 7 2 1 Analysis options menu item ee ee ee ieo RR RA GRA GRA Ge E ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee Re 44 7 2 2 System input menu item i e EER ESELS GE Ee sees secu sev E ee Se ESE Ee Ee EN Ee SEG eN Ee ve
37. TPILE User Manual Page 61 of 87 August 2014 x ks w a lt Eph k YEp After leaving the dialog box with OK the program checks whether the passive earth pressure is smaller than the resulting soil pressure from the elastic analysis which is not permitted In this case you see a dialog box for adjusting the subgrade reaction see further explanations in the worked example Section 5 12 Following the analysis you can immediately carry out the design after confirming at the prompt You then move directly to a dialog box which can also be reached via the System Design de faults menu item see Section 7 4 6 7 4 5 Optimise menu item Using this function it is possible to optimise pile length You can also initiate this function press ing the F7 function key Optimise pile length GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 62 of 87 August 2014 In the top section of the dialog box you enter the minimum and maximum pile length as well as a delta pile length thereby defining the range of lengths from which the optimum length should be selected For example the values in the dialog box shown above will result in the lengths 6 00 6 25 6 50 6 75 8 00 m being investigated The middle section of the dialog box relates to the iteration process The default values have proved themselves in practice and will generally not need to be altered see further explanations in the worked example Section 5 12 In the bottom section of t
38. U LATPILE User Manual Page 30 of 87 August 2014 6 12 2 order theory The differential equation for a normal flexural member is EI hat g z jl The normal force N is taken into consideration for a buckling member HH n Elw lt x Nw x q x Analysis is performed on the deformed system In e DIN EN 1993 5 Design of Steel Structures Part 5 Piling analysis using 2 order theory is recommended for analysis of piles under buckling loads and e DIN EN 1993 1 1 Design of Steel Structures Part 1 1 General Rules and Rules for Buildings referred to Analysis using 2 order theory produces more accurate results than the usual and simplified equivalent member method Analysis of piles under buckling loads is performed in GGU LATPILE compliant with DIN EN 1993 1 1 Analysis using 2 order theory requires a predeformation or pre curvature of the underlying sys tem Pre curvature values are given in Table 5 1 of DIN EN 1993 1 1 Table 5 1 Pre curvature design values ega L for structural ele ments Buckling line Elastic analysis Plastic analysis cowl Coal from Table 6 1 Pre curvatures are given as a function of the buckling line In simplification piles can be analysed with a pre curvature of eo L 1 150 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 31 of 87 August 2014 Using embedded piles without additional displacement boundary conditions the deformed system is defined by an inclination of the pile
39. and on the current file name path time info Any project identification entered in the File New or Editor 1 Analysis options dialog box will be shown automatically in the General legend The analysis of Sum V is also displayed in the General legend by activat ing the appropriate check box GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 73 of 87 August 2014 7 6 8 Soil properties legend menu item A legend with the soil properties of the individual layers will be displayed on your output sheet If the Show legend check box is activated you can alter the type of visualisation using the dialog box of this menu item Soil properties legend x Position soil properties legend relative to bottom left page margin in mm MV Show legend x mm 27000 y mm 232 00 Font size mm 25 with depths IV Soil designations in main graphics V Legend coloured Automatic colours Soil colours Cancel You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y You control the size of the legend using Font size The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed e With depths The depths of the individual soil layers will be shown in the soil properties legend e Soil designations in main graphics The designations entered for the individual ground layers are displayed in the system
40. box opens and the copied area can be saved under a different name in a user defined folder Saving can be aborted by pressing the De lete button If the Printer button was pressed in the first dialog box a dialog box for defining the printer settings opens after marking the area Following this a dialog box for defining the image output settings opens After confirming the settings the defined area is output to the selected printer GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 83 of 87 August 2014 9 Index 2 2 order theory for pile analysis under buckling loads e ees se ee ee ee 31 2 order theory select for analysis 44 61 A Absolute heights USE ee ee se ee 10 36 Action boundary conditions defaults at sl RE OE a NE EE 24 Action boundary conditions define along ol OE EE RR aa es 54 Action boundary conditions define at pil head sedes EE De SEE De see natant 44 Active earth pressure analysis principles 25 Active earth pressure edit preferences Active earth pressure select for analysis Analyses of Sum V activate edit preferenCes ee ee ee RR GR ee 51 52 Analysis of Sum V activate edit preferences 69 Analysis of Sum V show results in a message BOX ee ee RA Ge ee RR GRA 69 Analysis of Sum V show results in legend 73 Analysis of vertical capacity enter soil properties see see se ee ee ee Gee 25 46 Analysis save results in file sesse see see 37 Area loads
41. ccordingly You should use the Mini CAD toolbar when you wish to add information to the system for example label ling of slope inclinations or the location of any foundations e Objects created with the Header CAD are based on the page format in mm This makes you independent of the coordinate system and keeps you in the same position on the page You should select the Header toolbar if you wish to place general information on the drawing company logo report numbers plan numbers stamp etc Once you have saved the header information to disk see Mini CAD user manual you can load it into com pletely different systems with different system coordinates The saved header information will appear in exactly the same position on the page which greatly simplifies the creation of general page information 7 6 6 Toolbar preferences menu item After starting the program a horizontal toolbar for menu items appears below the program menu bar If you would rather work with a popup window with several columns you can specify your preferences using this menu item The smart icons can also be switched off At the bottom of the program window you find a status bar with further information You can also activate or switch off the status bar here The preferences will be saved in the GGU LATPILE alg file see menu item Graphics preferences Save graphics preferences and will be active at the next time the program is started By click
42. click the right mouse button anywhere on the screen a context menu containing the princi pal menu items opens System input Soils Subgrade reaction moduli Berms passive side Steel sections Analyse Optimise Print output table Partial Factors Analysis options Graphics output preferences Labelling preferences By double clicking the left mouse button on legends or Mini CAD objects the editor for the se lected element immediately opens allowing it to be edited If you double click in the system graphics with the left mouse button you will see a message box with the results at the selected depth This gives you a quick overview of the results for any de sired depth 8 2 Function keys Some of the function keys are assigned program functions The allocations are noted after the corresponding menu items The individual function key allocations are e Esc refreshes the screen contents and sets the screen back to your current zoom which has the default value 1 0 This is useful if for example you have used the zoom function to display parts of the screen and would like to quickly return to a complete overview e F1 opens the manual file e F2 refreshes the screen without altering the current magnification e F5 opens the menu item System Analyse e F6 opens the menu item Evaluation Main output summary e E7 opens the menu item System Optimise e F9 opens the menu item Page size marg
43. converted from for exam ple 7 5 m to an absolute height of 7 5 m AD If then you only convert your system to m AD do not select any elements in the query box and press the OK button In the lower group box you can define the groundwater level and a distributed loadIf you are working with the partial safety factors used in DIN 1054 new decide whether the distributed load is Permanent Changeable or the Component above 10 0 kN m changeable see the following dialog box Component above 10 0 kN m changeable means for example that for an input of 13 5 kN m 10 kN m are adopted as permanent and 3 5 kN m as changeable in the analysis Berms active side menu item You can define a maximum of 10 berms on the active side x Far Bact Cancel 1 berm s to edit Left Right delta h Surcharge Live m m m kN r load 1 1 00 2 00 0 50 0 00 m No Enter the x ordinates of the toe and head of the berm With delta h you define the height of the berm whereby negative values are also permitted Finally a Surcharge on the horizontal sur face behind the head of the berm can be entered If more than one berm is present in the system click x berm s to edit and enter the number of berms Berms may not overlap The program checks that this condition is adhered to and warns of any errors Berms passive side menu item Berms on the passive sideare defined in exactly the same
44. d then to pull the legend to the new position while holding the left mouse button GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 75 of 87 August 2014 7 6 12 Move objects menu item Select this menu item in order to position legends diagrams and other graphical elements at the desired position on the output sheet You can also move objects by pressing F11 and then posi tioning the legend box with the left mouse button pressed In that case an info box appears no more If Manual graph positioning has been selected in the System Graph positioning prefer ences menu item see Section 7 4 7 the result graphs can also be repositioned using this func tion 7 6 13 Save graphics preferences menu item Some of the preferences you made with the menu items of the Graphics preferences menu can be saved to a file If you select GGU LATPILE alg as file name and save the file on the same level as the program the data will be automatically loaded the next time the program is started and need not be entered again If you do not go to File New upon starting the program but open a previously saved file instead the preferences used at the time of saving are shown If subsequent changes in the general preferences are to be used for existing files these preferences must be imported us ing the menu item Graphics preferences Load graphics preferences 7 6 14 Load graphics preferences menu item You can reload a graphics preferences file into
45. define action boundary conditions 24 Pile define rotation displacement 045 54 Pile define width length eee se see ee 44 Pil select type ceive tig es Ke Leena deed 36 Piling Handbook consideration of line loads 29 Piling Handbook effect on earth pressure Plausibility checks view results Plot margins define Pre curvature activate visualisation in result graphics sins N Ee N ee a wie 66 Pre curvature define for buckling analysis 61 Pre curvature visualisation in different systems Presentation height loads sit Print graphics sie ie cheetahs sauces Ge HEESE EER Gede ego Print output table iaee as Print SeetiOns ss ER EE ER EE GES EE Print several files sesse se ee ee ee ee Printer preferences eee Program display name in legend Program save load preferences xs Program show improvement esse sesse see Program show information esse sees se ees se Project data add via Mini CAD Project identification display 7 Project identification enter see se see eee R Reinforced concrete cross section design values ee ee ee RA Ge ee RR Ge 61 Result graphics display sesse sees see se ee ee 68 Result graphics edit preferences Result graphics label 67 Result graphics POSIHOR ese sesse see se ee ee 65 Results display for selected depth 69 82 Rods define for system ccccceseeseeeeeeeeeeeee 60 Rotat
46. duced If the analysis requires a reduction over the whole length of the pile to a value below Max ks iteration is aborted This usually happens when the pile is not long enough to take the load When the iteration is complete info boxes appear use OK to close them You will then see a prompt for subsequent design use Yes to close it Then select the Find optimum section option in the dialog box and confirm by pressing OK GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 18 of 87 August 2014 Design how i Find optimum section Design with HEB 300 or select another section Cancel_ You will then move directly to the design preferences dialog box see menu item System Design defaults Section 7 4 6 Find optimum section m Section selection Optimum section is a Double T C Pipe IV Reduce yield stress for Class 4 J Tubular section is backfilled Info IV Search criterion Find smallest section area m Steel selection Steel quality E 235 7 L r Actions Design situation Max M Max OQ Max N Moment M Ed kN m 4320 245 oo Shear force V Ed kN f 01 20 f ao Normal force N Ed kN 67 f 131 167 Buckling length L m as 49 ag m Partial factors gam MO 1 00 gam M1 IV Design cross section Classes 1 or 2 plastically Cancel Adopt the data and confirm by pressing OK An appropriate message box then opens The set tings given in the bo
47. e Steel cross section select for Sum V 69 Steel design activate to EC 3 wee se sesse see Steel pile define partial corrosion Steel sections define delete Steel sections select for design Streck select for analysis esse ee ee ee Subgrade reaction modulus profile define 53 Subgrade reaction modulus profile display in legend ee ee RA GR ee ee Subgrade reaction modulus select unit Subgrade reaction modulus select units Subgrade reduce ee ee ee Sum V activate analyses edit preferences 51 52 Sum V activate analysis edit preferences 69 System properties display in legend 1 73 System activate coloured display 006 74 System analyse iese se ee ee ee 17 61 System displaY esse see see ee se ee RR RA ee RR ee 68 System division into rods e ees sesse ee ee ee 60 System edit graphics output preferences 66 System show information esse sesse sees 60 79 T Theory of elastic half space 29 Toolbar edit for menu items EL Translation activate cccccceescecssecsseceteeeees 80 Tru stype font eire be Ee ER ee se iS 70 Types of resulting earth pressure distribution 28 U Unit weight activate separate input of active passive values ss Unit weight enter esse ee se se ee ee GRA Ge Version number display in a message box 79 Version number display in le
48. e CodeMeter copy protection system is only available in conjunction with the CodeMeter stick copy protection component hardware for connection to the PC CM stick Because of the way the system is configured the protected software can only be operated with the corresponding CM stick This creates a fixed link between the software licence and the CM stick copy protection hardware the licence as such is thus represented by the CM stick The correct Runtime Kit for the CodeMeter stick must be installed on your PC Upon start up and during running the GGU LATPILE program checks that a CM stick is connected If it has been removed the program can no longer be executed For installation of GGU software and the CodeMeter software please refer to the information in the Installation notes for GGU Software International which are supplied with the program 3 Language selection GGU LATPILE is a bilingual program The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended The language preferences can be changed at any time in the menu using the menu item Spracheinstellung for German or Language preferences for English GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 7 of 87 August 2014 4 Starting the program After starting the program you will see two menus at the top of the window e File e By going to the File menu a previously analysed system can be loaded by means of the Load menu item or a new one cr
49. e click functions se 82 Mouse wheel funcCHONS ee ese ee se ee 81 MU KS enter uses es ee e ea Ee Se Ge essen 53 Navigation output table oo ee se ee se se ee 71 O Objects move With MOUSEC ee sees se se ee 76 ONORM EN 1997 1 select partial safety TAGtOTS oe Ee ae rnin Ee og ee Output table edit output as ASCII Output table edit output as graphics Output table navigation 0 eects se ek Output table select output format Output table switch to system graphics 39 71 Page format define cece se ee ee Ge ek 78 Page margins switch on off 0 0 cesses 78 Page section CODY PTIN E ee ese ee se ee 72 83 Pagination automatic 0 0 ee see se ek ee 39 40 Partial factors define eie ee ee se se ee ee 52 Partial safety factors select from NORM EN 1997 1 ees een se ee ee se ee 52 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 85 of 87 August 2014 Passive earth pressure 3 dimensional effect sees ee ee ee ee 26 49 Passive earth pressure analysis methods for coefficients iese 26 Passive earth pressure specify calculation 49 Pen preferences edit for graphical elements 70 Pile head define horizontal displacement 24 Pile head define moment restraint 24 Pile head max displacement for iteration 63 Pile head max rotation for iteration 63 Pile length optimise cee eee see se ee ee 62 Pile toe
50. e moist soil y e unit weight kN m of buoyant soil y e friction angle e cohesion active and passive kN m e active angle of wall friction as ratio of 5 9 e passive wall friction angle 5 e cone resistance from CPT qc or cone resistance qb k e shear strength of the undrained soil cu k or skin friction qs k If you activate the Differentiate active passive soil properties check box in the dialog box in File New or Editor 1 Analysis options you can enter differing friction angles and unit weights for the active and the passive sides To analyse the vertical capacity to EAU EAB and EAP enter the cone resistance qc and the shear strength of the undrained soil cu k When using empirical data enter the values for qb k and qs k instead of qc and cu k 6 3 Active earth pressure Active earth pressure is analysed to DIN 4085 DIN 4085 provides two relationships for the coefficients of earth pressure kan friction and k p cohesion Alternatively there is the option of determining the cohesion coefficient from ken kia a method often found in older literature GGU LATPILE also provides the option of applying user defined earth pressure coefficients which can be entered in tabulated form for each type of soil 6 4 At rest earth pressure The coefficient of at rest earth pressure ko is obtained after FRANKE Die Bautechnik 1974 No 1 from ko 1 0 sin cos sin 1 0 B wall f
51. eated using New After clicking the New menu item a dialog box opens for specifying general preferences for your new system You leave the dialog box clicking on the button with the desired pile type e g Steel pile You then arrive at the initial program screen containing an example system with legends and the selected pile type Now eight menus appear at the top of the window e File e Editor 1 e Editor2 e System e Evaluation e Graphics preferences e Page size margins e After clicking one of these menus the so called menu items roll down allowing you access to all program functions The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the GGU LATPILE screen is not refreshed after every alteration If you would like to refresh the screen contents press either F2 or Esc The Esc key addi tionally sets the screen presentation back to your current zoom which has the default value 1 0 corresponding to an A3 format sheet GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 8 of 87 August 2014 5 First steps using a worked example 5 1 General note When using the program for the first time you should en
52. ed tangential subgrade reaction moduli are small The units can be changed from MN m to kN m and vice versa using the Subgrade reaction modulus unit kN m check box GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 53 of 87 August 2014 7 3 2 Displacement boundary conditions menu item You can introduce additional displacement boundary conditions anywhere along the pile Displacement BC s i xj Forw Back Cancel 1 displacement BC s to edit we positive to the right wy positive downwards phi positive clockwise No Depth m Size m or radian 1 2 00 0 00000 Rotation phi 7 In the above example a rotation phi of 0 0 has been entered 2 0 m below the top of the pile Alter natively to Rotation phi you can select Displ wx or Displ wy which stand for horizontal and vertical displacement respectively 7 3 3 Action boundary conditions menu item You can introduce additional action boundary conditions anywhere along the pile Point loads xi Forw Back Cancel 1 point load s to edit Moment is positive clockwise Horizontal force positive to the right Vertical force positive downwards No Depth m M kN m m H kN m Y EN Am As live 1 1 00 0 00 15 00 0 00 E The direction of the forces is defined by means of the sign In the example above a horizontal force of 15 kN m has been entered at the top of the pile acting towards the left GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 54 of 87 Augu
53. ed to the selected section or to a different ex isting section The data can also be allocated to a new section which is added to the exist ing list Use as New section 7 Add at end Corrosion in tubular sections can be generated using the Create tubular section button described below GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 57 of 87 August 2014 e Create tubular section A new tubular section can be generated A dialog box opens for entering the dimensions and identification In the following dialog box you can then save the section as a new sec tion or using a previously allocated name LT x Inputs Outside diameter D 406 40 mm Thickness t 6 00 mm Corrosion a 0 00 mm r Results Area 75 474 cnt Moment of inertia 15128 325 em 4 Moment of resistance Wel 744 504 cn Moment of resistance W_pl 961 993 cn First moment of area 480 996 cm Designation JRO 406 4 6 Use as New section 7 Add at end sea e Delete sections Any number of sections in a sequence in the list can be deleted using this button Delete sections ET from section 1 HEB 100 z to section 6 HEB 200 Cancel e Create old record Using this button you can save a record containing the old section tables based on the global safety factors tbw spw If Steel design to EC 3 is not activated the old dialog box opens A check box in front of the number of each steel sec
54. eeds The three dimensional passive earth pressure is calculated using this pile width This value may deviate from that of the beam if the steel pile is placed in a pre drilled bore and is subsequently concreted Using the button with the name of the selected steel section i e Section you can now se lect a different section as the design section via the usual option box If you are analysing a Bored pile you enter the Pile diameter in the dialog box for subsequent design of the reinforced concrete cross section Piles subject to buckling hazards can be analysed using 2nd order theory A system pre curvature which can be adopted at 1 150 must be defined for buckling analysis to DIN EN 1993 5 or DIN EN 1993 1 1 The direction of pre curvature must also be defined to the passive side or the active side Whether a pre curvature towards the passive side or the active side provides the more unfavourable design values is system dependent it is therefore absolutely vital that both directions are investigated in a buckling analysis see Theoretical principles 2nd order theory Section 6 12 EC 7 requires that a verification be performed to demonstrate that the soil stress k w a is smaller than the characteristic passive earth pressure ep not reduced by a partial safety factor However once analysis is complete it must be verified that the sum of the soil stress is smaller than the design passive earth pressure GGU LA
55. enu item iese ee ee Re RR RA GRA GRA GR e ee Re ee Re ee Re e 75 7 6 10 Subgrade modulus legend menu iteM ee ees ee RA RA RA ae ee ee ee Re ee 75 7 6 11 Section legend menu item ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA RA Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re 75 7 6 12 Move objects menu item sesse ee ee ee Re RR RR GRA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee e ee ae 76 7 6 13 Save graphics preferences menu item ese se se RR RA RA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 76 7 6 14 Load graphics preferences menu item se sa ee ee ee ee ee Re Re Ge Re ee ae 76 T T Pagesize Margins MENU EE Ee ESEG ge ok A Aen GESE Ee Re ee Gene EE ees 77 Teil Autosresize iment TEM iii EE GE EE e GE eho ee E eee ee 77 7 7 2 Manual resize mouse menu iteM ese se sk ea RA GRA GR ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 77 7 7 3 Manual resize editor menu item esse ee ee ee Re RR RR GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 77 RhA Font size selection menu item is rs ESEG EE GE eases Pen aes tees 77 7 1 5 Page size and margins menu Ite ee ee ee Re RR RA RA GRA ae Ee ee ee ee ee ee 78 1 16 Undo Menu item ss Ee Ee BE RR pes ee AGE EES Ee a E R Re pe EE Ee 79 Tid Restore mentite isi ER ES eg es SE ES e es se se SE Re SE DE gee ee 79 1 1 8 Preferences menu TEM esse EE GR ER ERGE ES ER Ge se Ee GE GER Se GEES EE ee ee iia 79 RA EE OR RE ER EE N AE EE OE OE 79 7 8 1 Copyright menu TEN iss EER See ee Deeg ed eed ee e ee eg ee eN EE gegee seep 79 7 8 2 GGU on the web menu TEM
56. epa rately in accordance with the partial safety factor concept You define both the pile length and the pile width The width is required for determination of the 3 dimensional passive earth pressure The loads specified in ZTV Lsw 88 or ZTV Lsw 2013 not yet published in terms of M and H can be determined for analysis of piles for noise abatement walls In the dialog box that opens after clicking the respective button enter the required data or make the appropriate selections The program determines the moment and the horizontal force automatically and transfers the data to the corresponding input boxes GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 44 of 87 August 2014 7 2 3 7 2 4 If you checked the Use absolute heights box when defining the system an additional entry Top of pile appears in the dialog box for specifying the absolute position In this case all heights are measured in m AD or m site zero i e the y axis is positive upwards You can then enter a value for example of 86 42 m AD in the Top of pile field All further input must then be with reference to this value If the height of a previously defined system is subsequently set to absolute heights a query fol lows after leaving the dialog box above asking for confirmation of whether soil strata and defined elements such as area loads for example should be adapted to the new pile top Adaptation would mean that the depth of a soil layer entered as a positive value would be
57. gend 73 Vertical capacity enter soil properties for analysis esse se se ee ee RA Ge ee ee Vertical force define at pile head GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 86 of 87 August 2014 W Web thickness enter for steel sections 58 Wei enbach 3 dimensional passive earth pressures atacand What you see is what you get Y Young s modulus enter for steel sections 59 Young s modulus enter for user defined SECU ONS ol EE EE EE Benet ERGE Ee er Eed 59 Z Zoom factor define for full screen display 70 Zoom function activate 70 71 81 ZTV Lsw 2013 automatic determination of moment horizontal fOTCE ee eens 44 ZTV Lsw 88 automatic determination of moment horizontal fOTCE ee see ees 44 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 87 of 87 August 2014
58. h however this is performed automatically when you click OK to leave the dialog box This eliminates the possibility of input errors You can also use this function to eliminate a soil from the table Simply assign the soil to be eliminated a greater layer depth and then click the Sort but ton The corresponding soil is now the last soil in the table and can be deleted by reducing the number of soils GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 46 of 87 August 2014 7 2 6 Type of earth pressure menu item In this dialog box you define the type of earth pressure on which the analysis is to be based Type of earth pressure Relation i D factor kak factor KU Factor r Relation 1 U factor elaetivel factor elrest Factor A The options for area loads can be specified separately GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 47 of 87 August 2014 7 2 7 Active earth pressure menu item You can specify active earth pressure preferences using this dialog box Active earth pressure x Active earth pressure after DIN 4085 C User defined f m Equiv ep coefficient V Use equivalent ep coefficient Equiv kah 0200 Equiv ep coefficient greater than phi 40 MM Additional ordinates at 0 5 m intervals Surcharge factor for active ep Surcharge factor 1 0000 The active earth pressure will be multiplied by this surcharge factor Cancel In the upper grou
59. h increments Depth subdivisions ET The program employs FEM methods to calculate earth pressures and state variables at certain intervals but always at layer boundaries additional displacement boundaries etc Depth increments can be specified by the user Small depth increments give improved accuracy at the cost of longer analysis times Large depth increments result in less precision Combined with a reduction in the subgrade reaction this can have a very negative effect on the final results Depth increments m 0 100 x GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 60 of 87 August 2014 7 4 4 Analyse menu item Once you have entered all data required to fully describe the system it can be analysed For a Steel pile you will see the following dialog box You can also initiate the analysis using the F5 function key Analyse steel pile i x m Steel pile Pile length m 750 Pile width m Km Section HEB 140 Width 0 140 m Buckling analysis DIN EN 1993 1 1 J 2nd order theory Pre curvature 14150 2 IV Pre curvature to the passive side m Subgrade Reduce subgrade with gammalE p Analysis of Bh d lt Eph d down to pile toe 2 m Support at pile base JV Vertical support at the pile base g Cancel Pile length and pile width have already been entered into Editor 1 System input in accordance with your input You can edit the data here to suit your n
60. h pressure coefficients and reducing the passive earth pressure coeffi cients Seismic loads are given in multiples of gravitational acceleration g Seismic acceleration x Consideration of seismics Modify earth pressure coefficients EC 8 Modify earth pressure coefficients EAU 1990 Input kh ah g horizontal 0 000 i Info ky av g vertical 0 000 ah horizontal seismic acceleration in m s av vertical seismic acceleration in ms g gravitational acceleration 9 81 m s m Info kh 0 1 gt Building damage kh 0 2 gt Serious building damage kh 0 8 gt Devastating kh 1 0 gt Complete devastation Cancel 7 2 12 Analysis of Sum V menu item If you are analysing with the global safety factor concept to DIN 1054 old you can activate the analysis of mobilised passive earth pressure using this menu item Sum V analyses OE Sum V analyses JV Analysis of mobilised passive earth pressure If the check box is activated the dialog box allowing selection of the analysis options for the mo bilised passive earth pressure opens immediately following your analysis and design If the system has already been analysed the modifications required for analysis of mobilised pas sive earth pressure can be more easily made using the menu item Evaluation Sum V analyses because the system then need not be analysed once again see Section 7 5 3
61. he dialog box additional iteration criteria can be defined Once optimisation is complete the optimum pile length can be transferred to your system The system should then be reanalysed 7 4 6 Design defaults menu item Once the current system has been analysed you can progress directly to the pile design see menu item System Analyse Section 7 4 4 In addition using this menu item you can also carry out subsequent design for a different section to that used for the analysis When designing a steel pile the following dialog box opens containing two options for selecting the section I x Find optimum section Design with HEB 300 or select another section Cancel You can search for the optimum section in the section list see the example in Section 5 12 By activating the bottom option the analysis is performed using the previously selected design sec tion However in the subsequent dialog box you can also select a different design section GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 63 of 87 August 2014 HEB300 CC F Tubular section is backfilled When design is complete you are informed of the verification results in an information box and are presented with the principal data on which the design was based After confirming with OK the state variables and the system are presented on the screen GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 64 of 87 August 2014 7 4 7 Graph positioning preferences menu item If you
62. he preferences given so far you will see the following dialog box Adjust subgrade reaction x The passive earth pressure is exceeded by the soil stress at a depth of 0 05 m by 295 6 m Iteration subgrade reaction Damping gt 0 0 and lt 0 99 0 500 Info Allowable excess jom DO Max number of iteration steps 200 Issue warning if subgrade reaction modulus drops in general below max ks Mas kslkN rr 100 0 Adjust subgrade reaction Yes No The program has determined that the passive earth pressure is smaller than the resulting soil pres sure from the elastic analysis which is not permitted An iteration process must be carried out In the dialog box shown above you can enter the iteration conditions The default values have proved themselves in practice and will generally not need to be altered Damping prevents strong fluctuations around the actual solution during the iteration process A value of 0 0 produces no damping while a value of 0 99 produces very strong damping Using Allowable excess gt passive you specify the percentage by which the elastic stress may exceed the passive earth pressure before the iteration is ended The Max number of iteration steps can also be specified If after the specified number of steps compression due to embedding is still greater than the passive earth pressure iteration is terminated During iteration the modulus of subgrade reaction is re
63. ial safety factor concept e Load Case 1 is now DS P Persistent Design Situation e Load Case 2 is now DS T Transient Design Situation e Load Case 3 is now DS A Accidental Design Situation In addition there is a seismic design situation DS E In the DS E design situation all partial factors 1 0 It is also possible to select the partial safety factors compliant with Austrian standards using the To ONORM EN 1997 1 button GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 52 of 87 August 2014 7 3 Editor 2 menu 7 3 1 Subgrade reaction moduli menu item As the analysis is to be performed for an elastically embedded pile toe it is necessary to enter a modulus of subgrade reaction In this dialog box you can enter the profile of the subgrade reaction moduli SR moduli x Forw Back Cancel Sort Subgrade modulus unit kN rr 2 subgrade moduli to edit Lock on strata boundaries Info No to depth ks top ks bottom mu ks m MN rr MN re 1 1 000 0 000 25 000 0 000 2 8 000 25 000 25 000 0 000 The number of subgrade reaction moduli can be adapted to your system using the x subgrade moduli to edit button In the field designated mu ks the tangential bedding is given as a multiple of the horizontal bedding However the factor is generally of little importance since the pile toe is considered to be vertically non displaceable meaning that deformations in a longitudinal direction and any associ at
64. inB cos sinf23 e For cohesion less soils or non over consolidated cohesive soils use the concentration factor 4 applies where Cop q 4 sin sin B IT load r r il 4 A Bi 7 po 2 A 4 Pd AA 7 Pa X z eop profile Figure 6 At rest earth pressure from area loads With regard to the kind of earth pressure area loads can be defined independent of the global preferences see menu item Editor 1 Type of earth pressure Section 7 2 6 6 9 Line loads Line loads perpendicular to the pile axis are treated as shown in Fig 4 20 on page 64 of the Piling Handbook Spundwand Handbuch Data is entered in the form of a number of discrete area loads GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 29 of 87 August 2014 6 10 Bounded surcharges active side Up to 10 bounded surcharges can be positioned at any height on the active side eah Kan p Figure 7 Bounded surcharge active side The earth pressure coefficient k is acquired from k for active earth pressure and from ko for at rest earth pressure If this option is activated the resulting earth pressure is then redistributed 6 11 Bounded surcharges passive side Up to 10 bounded surcharges may be adopted at any height on the passive side The passive earth pressure is computed as follows Figure 8 Bounded surcharge passive side GG
65. ing on the tools smart icons for the menu items you can directly reach most of the pro gram functions The meaning of the smart icons appears as a text box if you hover with the mouse pointer over the tools Some of the tool functions can be activated from the normal menu items KAEI Next page Previous page Using this icon you can navigate between the individual pages in the tabular representation Select page If you are in the tabular representation you can use this icon to jump to a specific page or to return to the normal representation that is to the graphics Zoom out If you have previously zoomed in this tool returns to a full screen display Zoom Zoom With the zoom functions you can zoom in or out of parts of the image by clicking the left mouse button GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 71 of 87 August 2014 Colour on off If you need to remove the colour from the system presentation to create a black and white print out for example use this on off switch N Move object Use this icon to position legends and diagrams at the desired position on the output sheet Ea Copy print area Use this tool to copy only parts of the graphics in order to paste them e g to a report You will see information on this function and can then mark an area which is copied to the clipboard or can be saved in a file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and
66. ing the Mini CAD program module you can also import EMF files generated us ing other GGU applications into your graphics GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 42 of 87 August 2014 e MiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable importing to different GGU appli cations with the Mini CAD module e GGUMiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable processing in the GGUMiniCAD program e Cancel Printing is cancelled 7 1 9 Batch print menu item If you would like to print several annexes at once select this menu item You will see the follow ing dialog box x Printer Cancel Add Delete all Delete File list C Example 2 p20 C Example 3 p20 Create a list of files for printing using Add and selecting the desired files The number of files is displayed in the dialog box header Using Delete you can mark and delete selected individual files from the list After selecting the Delete all button you can compile a new list Selection of the desired printer and printer preferences is achieved by pressing the Printer button You then start printing by using the Print button In the dialog box which then appears you can select further preferences for printer output such as e g the number of copies These preferences will be applied to all files in the list 7 1 10 Exit menu item After a confirmation prompt you can quit the program 7 1 11 1 2 3 4 men
67. inished analyse again with pre curvature to the active side and check whether more unfavourable design values are acquired GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 33 of 87 August 2014 You must therefore deactivate the Pre curvature to passive side check box following success ful analysis and check in a new analysis whether pre curvature to the active side delivers less favourable values In an analysis using 2 order theory the necessary iteration process in terms of displacement is carried out using the design normal force Na Subsequent design is based on a comparison of stresses Oq lye Ym Tye 1 1 Da The Example folder contains 4 GGU LATPILE files which deal with the classical Euler cases 1 to 4 If the vertical load V at the pile head is increased slightly using the Editor 1 System in put menu item and the system analysed the following error message appears A x Rod construction Equation system is not positive definite Pile may buckle OK The normal force given in the data files thus corresponds to the buckling force determined after Euler 6 13 Analysis of mobilised passive earth pressure Detailed notes on this analysis concept are included in EAU 2012 Section 8 2 5 5 and in the Recommendations on Piling 2012 6 14 Analysis of vertical capacity Detailed notes on this analysis concept are included in EAU 2012 Section 8 2 5 5 and in the Recommendations on Piling 2012 GGU LATPILE User
68. ins Auto resize e F11 activates the menu item Graphics preferences Move objects GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 82 of 87 August 2014 8 3 Copy print area icon A dialog box opens when the Copy print area icon in the menu toolbar is clicked de scribing the options available for this function For example using this icon it is possible to either copy areas of the screen graphics and paste them into the report or send them directly to a printer In the dialog box first select where the copied area should be transferred to Clipboard File or Printer The cursor is displayed as a cross after leaving the dialog box and keeping the left mouse button pressed the required area may be enclosed If the marked area does not suit your requirements abort the subsequent boxes and restart the function by clicking the icon again If Clipboard was selected move to the MS Word document for example after marking the area and paste the copied graphics using Edit Paste If File was selected the following dialog box opens once the area has been defined Info ie File D Programe Civilserve GGU S oftware GGU LAT PILE lmage0 emf generated Rename Delete The default location of the file is the folder from which the program is started and if several files are created the file is given the file name Image0 emf with sequential numbering If the Rename button in the dialog box is clicked a file selector
69. ion define for pile sees se ee ee ee 54 Safety concept Select ee se ee ee Scale alter with mouse Scale define via editor Scale determine automatically eee 77 Scroll the screen ee ee se ee ee ee Ee ee ee 81 Section data define user data ee esse ee 59 Section modulus enter for steel sections 58 Section modulus enter for user defined SOCU OMS EE AR N AA AE ON 59 Section activate selection from list 36 Section display as sketch in legend 75 Section edit enlarge St ese ee ee ee ee 57 Seismic loads consider ee see ee ee ee ee 51 Self weight pile calculation cece 59 Shear strength for analysis of vertical Capacity cee se see See Ge ee Shear stress values for steel sections Slope stability application esse si Smarticons for menu items ese see see ee ee Soil colours numbers activate display 74 Soil designations activate presentation in system graphics ce sees see se ee Ge ee 74 Soil designations enter Soil layers adapt to absolute heights Soil layers define delete 0 0 0 0 3 Soil layers maximum number sesse se ee Soil properties define ees see se ee Soil properties display in legend sesse see Soil stress in analysis esse se se see Ge ee Specific weight define for sections seh Standard display in legend eee eects Status bar main program activate ee
70. l legend if the appropriate check box is activated see Section 7 6 7 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 69 of 87 August 2014 7 6 7 6 1 7 6 2 7 6 3 7 6 4 Graphics preferences menu Refresh and zoom menu item The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the screen is not refreshed after every alteration If e g after using the zoom function see below only part of the image is visible you can achieve a complete view using this menu item A zoom factor between 0 4 and 8 0 can be entered in the input box By then clicking on Use to exit the box the current factor is accepted By clicking on the 0 4 0 6 etc buttons the se lected factor is used directly and the dialog box closed It is much simpler however to get a complete overview using Esc Pressing Esc allows a com plete screen presentation using the zoom factor specified in this menu item The F2 key allows screen refreshing without altering the coordinates and zoom factor Zoom info menu item By clicking two diametrically opposed points you can enlarge a section of the screen in order to view details better
71. lap y mm 0 000 Output of 4 pages 2 wide Print pages ou to a m No of copies EN In the upper group box the maximum dimensions which the printer can accept are given Below this the dimensions of the image to be printed are given If the image is larger than the output format of the printer the image will be printed to several pages in the above ex ample 4 In order to facilitate better re connection of the images the possibility of enter ing an overlap for each page in x and y direction is given Alternatively you also have the possibility of selecting a smaller zoom factor ensuring output to one page Fit to page button Following this you can enlarge to the original format on a copying machine to en sure true scaling Furthermore you may enter the number of copies to be printed GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 41 of 87 August 2014 If you have activated the table representation on the screen you will see a different dialog box for output by means of the File Print and export menu item button Printer Print several pages x m Page sizes Output device civilbsdcO1 Lexmark T630 Output device mm x 197 y 285 Printer Printer prefs change printer Portrait Output JV Fit in automatically Zoom factor 7 000 No of copies 1 First page ho H Last page ho H Cancel Here you can select the table pages to be printed In order
72. lling preferences menu item This menu item allows you to specify labelling preferences for the system visualisation and the result graphics Labelling preferences Minimum spacing for state variables labelling m EK Lancet _ In the dialog box you activate the required check boxes and select the preferences for alignment or font sizes 7 4 10 Graph grid preferences menu item Here you can define graph grids for moments shear forces and normal forces GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 67 of 87 August 2014 7 4 11 Dimension lines menu item You can define a vertical and or horizontal dimension line for the graphics in order to emphasise and clarify the system dimensions If the dimension lines are displayed on the screen the follow ing dialog box can also be accessed directly by double clicking the dimension line Dimension lines x m Horizontal dimension line M Show Decim places j2 Font size mm 2 0 y position m E 00 Vertical dimension line M Show Decim places 2 Font size mm 2 0 position m 2 00 Cancel The distance to the pile is defined by means of the y position for the horizontal dimension line and x position for the vertical dimension line Negative values define a position above or to the left of the pile All values are in metres in the scale selected see the menu item Page size mar gins Manual resize editor in Section 7 7 3 The
73. lly draws thin cutting borders around the page which are required when using a plotter on paper rolls The borders can be switched off using the With bor ders check box e Page margin defines the position of a frame as a distance to the margins This frame en closes the subsequent diagram You can switch off the frame deactivating the With mar gins check box e The Plot margin define a set distance between the page margin and the actual drawing area in which the graphical evaluation of your input is presented GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 78 of 87 August 2014 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 8 7 8 1 7 8 2 7 8 3 7 8 4 7 8 5 Undo menu item If you have carried out any changes to dialog boxes or moved objects to a different position on the screen after selecting the Graphics preferences Move objects menu item or using the F11 function key this menu item will allow you to undo the movements This function can also be reached by using the key combination Alt Back or the appropriate tool in the toolbar see Section 7 6 6 Restore menu item When this menu item is selected the last change made in a dialog box or the last change in the position of objects which you undid using the menu item Page size margins Undo will be restored This function can also be reached by using the key combination Ctrl Back or the appropriate tool in the toolbar see Section 7 6 6 Preferences menu item You can
74. lus profile Elastic analysis supplies the soil stress determined from the product of the subgrade reaction modulus and the deformation along the length of the pile This elastic stress must not exceed the passive earth pressure that can be developed in front of the pile By means of iteration GGU LATPILE reduces the subgrade reaction modulus such that this condition is adhered to GGU LATPILE calculates both passive various methods of analysis can be selected and active earth pressures The application is designed to allow simple data input or modification The input is immediately shown on the screen giving you optimum control over what you are doing Graphics output sup ports the true type fonts supplied with WINDOWS so that excellent layout is guaranteed Colour output and any graphics e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc are supported DXF files can also be imported by means of the integrated Mini CAD module see the Mini CAD man ual The program has been thoroughly tested No faults have been found Nevertheless liability for completeness and correctness of the program and the manual and for any damage resulting from incompleteness or incorrectness cannot be accepted GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 6 of 87 August 2014 2 Licence protection and installation In order to guarantee a high degree of guality a hardware based copy protection system is used for the GGU LATPILE program The GGU software protected by th
75. m File New A dialog box will appear where you can define basic preferences of your system New dataset x Project identification Example r Standard Partial safety factor concept EC 7 Info EC 7 Partial safety factor concept DIN 1054 2005 Global safety factors DIN 1054 old m General Display passive side on the right Subgrade modulus unit MN fm 7 J Use absolute heights Differentiate active passive soil properties regarding phi gamma gamma m Section data Using section list Using user defined section data rfo IV Steel design to EC 3 m Type of pile Bored pile Square pile Cancel If you select the Use absolute heights check box you can enter all depths or heights in m AD heights are positive upwards If you leave this box unselected the pile head is assumed at 0 0 height depth and all input of layer depths etc is positive downwards If however you want to work with absolute heights enter the appropriate depths correspondingly altered Thanks to WYSIWYG there is no danger of using incorrect data since all input is immediately visible on the screen In this example and the following explanations of this manual the check box Use abso lute heights is not selected Enter the values shown in the above dialog box and click Steel pile A new system is displayed on the screen and the complete menu bar is activated GGU
76. malab k 1 400 a Skin friction gammalas k 1 400 r Reductions End resistance reduction 1 000 Skin friction reduction 1 000 2 m Effective circumference Effective circumference factor 0 50 7 2 gt Minimum embedment in load bearing strata Minimum value m 2 50 2 Cohesive soils EAU defines no values for ab k and gs k for cohesive soils ge 0 cu k gt 0 T Adopt values taken from Piling Recommendations cl gt Analysis without end resistance J Allow analysis without end resistance pi r Piling Recommendations input data Ratio min max ooo Bi J Allow interpolation for qe lt 7 5 MN r Skin friction Allow interpolation for cu k lt 60 kN n Skin friction Cancel Help After accepting the settings by pressing OK the data are again displayed in a message box By pressing the Analyse again button the above dialog box opens again and you can perform the analysis using the modified data GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 21 of 87 August 2014 5 13 Step 11 Evaluate and visualise the results After leaving the info box all governing analysis parameters are displayed on the screen for the whole pile length M Ma 15 0 0 0 gN HEY 29 O 9 x Subgrade moduk s MN m7 310 53 286 r m wimm max ks 75 000 re n El 3169 1077 KN ma Figure 3 Visualisation of results e Input subgrade reaction modulus profile e Co
77. manner as for the active side but with out the Live load check box GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 45 of 87 August 2014 7 2 5 Soils menu item You can define the soil properties in the following dialog box x Edit no of soils Info qe cu k peran Bove foon oan ori _ ovoctve owas aaven ees ac o ETE lm fikne Cc Ho IMN KN er 1 Sand 8 00 18 00 10 00 32 5 0 0 0 0 0 667 0 667 10 00 0 00 Cancel Sort Load Save Layer depths except when using the modulus of subgrade reaction are always with reference to the top of the pile or are in absolute values m AD if this was selected in the initial dialog box of the File New menu item If you have activated the Differentiate active passive soil properties check box in the dialog box in File New or Editor 1 Analysis options you can enter differing friction angles and unit weights for the active and the passive sides To analyse the vertical capacity to EAU EAB and EAP enter the cone resistance qc and the shear strength of the undrained soil cu k When using empirical data enter the values for qb k and qs k instead of qc and cu k To do this activate the Use own empirical data not recommended check box in the Editor 1 Partial factors Sum V menu item dialog box see Section 7 2 13 In stratified soils the number of layers must be entered under Edit no of soils Clicking the Sort button sorts the soil layers according to dept
78. mputed subgrade reaction modulus profile e Active and passive earth pressures e Moment profile e Shear force profile e Axial force profile e Deflection profile GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 22 of 87 August 2014 The graphical visualisation apart from showing the system also contains other elements referred to as legends which contain further information and user input e General legend This legend contains general information on the system e Soil properties legend This legend contains data relating to the properties of every defined soil type e Design legend This legend contains all data relating to design of steel sections or the cross section of the analysed reinforced concrete pile e Subgrade modulus legend The legend shows the specified subgrade reaction moduli along the pile section defined for the subgrade reaction modulus profile You can print the diagram on the printer menu item File Print and export Section 7 1 8 as well as a comprehensive table of data menu item File Print output table Section 7 1 5 Using the program s zoom function you can zoom in on selected sections of the graphics If you double click with the left mouse button over a particular section of the graphics the corresponding state variables will appear in an info box You can add further explanations or comments to the graphics using the Mini CAD module Save your work to data file by selecting File Save as Section 7 1 4
79. o of lines where necessary several columns are used The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 func tion key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed 7 6 10 Subgrade modulus legend menu item A legend is displayed on the screen containing the subgrade reaction moduli entered for the sec tions along the pile defined for the subgrade reaction profile Using this menu item you can alter the type of presentation if the Show legend check box is activated You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y The size of the legend is controlled by the values for Font size The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position while holding the left mouse button 7 6 11 Section legend menu item A legend containing a small sketch of the pile section employed is displayed on the screen Using this menu item you can alter the type of presentation or turn off the legend completely xi MV Show legend x mm 5954 y mm 80 46 Height width mm 25 00 Font size mm 20 Background m Section Canes You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y The size of the legend is controlled by the height width ratio The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key an
80. ouse with Ctrl pressed you activate the zoom function i e the selected section will fill the screen Use the mouse wheel to zoom in or out of the screen view or to pan In addition scale and coordinates of the system graphics drawing area within the plotting mar gins can be altered directly using the mouse wheel The following mouse wheel functions are available Change system graphics new values can be checked in Page size margins Manual resize editor e Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge system graphics change of scale e Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink system graphics change of scale e Shift mouse wheel up move system graphics up change in system coordinates e Shift mouse wheel down move system graphics down change in system coordinates e Shift Ctrl mouse wheel up move system graphics right change in system coordinates e Shift Ctrl mouse wheel down move system graphics left change in system coordinates Change screen coordinates e Mouse wheel up move screen image up e Mouse wheel down move screen image down e Alt Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge screen image zoom in e Alt Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink screen image zoom out e Alt Shift mouse wheel up move screen image right e Alt Shift mouse wheel down move screen image left GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 81 of 87 August 2014 If you
81. p box you specify the type of active earth pressure calculation The method of choice is DIN 4085 The other two methods are only of interest if you wish to analyse an exam ple from older literature sources or check certain results User defined earth pressure coefficients can be entered using the menu item Editor 1 User defined earth pressure coefficients see Section 7 2 10 The Use equivalent ep coefficient check box should only be deactivated in exceptional circum stances see EAB R 4 The equivalent earth pressure coefficient can only be smaller than 0 2 in special circumstances see EAB R 4 It only makes sense to deactivate this check box when re examining existing analyses for instance all the examples used in the Piling Handbook Alterna tively the equivalent earth pressure coefficient can be defined by means of a friction angle phi 40 This procedure also takes the defined wall friction angle into consideration A number of applications on the market also provide the option of a general increase in active earth pressure apart from certain forms or earth pressure redistribution In order to be able to check analysis performed with such an application GGU LATPILE also offers the possibility GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 48 of 87 August 2014 7 2 8 Passive earth pressure menu item You can specify passive earth pressure preferences using this dialog box Passive earth pressure x Passive ep values after
82. raphics If you selected the Output as graphics button in the previous dialog box a further dialog box opens in which you can define further preferences for result visualisation Graphical table preferences BOE 50 In the various group boxes of the dialog box you can define preferences for the table output and layout If you need to add a header or footer e g for page numbering activate the appropriate check boxes With headers and or With footers and click on the Edit button You can then edit as required in a further dialog box GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 38 of 87 August 2014 ooters Automatic pagination can also be employed here if you work with the placeholders as described After closing the dialog box using OK the es table is shown page by page on the screen To navigate between the pages use the arrow tools in the toolbar If you need to jump to a given page or back to the graphical visualisation click on the following box tool You will then see the Choose page GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 39 of 87 August 2014 7 1 5 3 Button Output as ASCII You can have your analysis data sent to the printer without further work on the layout or save it to a file for further processing using a different program e g a word processing application Print od m Printer preferences oo Et ted swe Page format Header footer Portrait Font
83. red into the box If you select the Window button the results are sent to a separate window Further text editing options are available in this window as well as loading sav ing and printing GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 40 of 87 August 2014 7 1 6 Export menu item The general stability can be simply verified by exporting the data from GGU LATPILE to GGU STABILITY GGU slope stability application After clicking this menu item an appropriate file boe can be generated with the required GGU STABILITY version status Printer preferences menu item You can edit printer preferences e g swap between portrait and landscape or change the printer in accordance with WINDOWS conventions Print and export menu item You can select your output format in a dialog box You have the following options e Printer allows graphic output of the current screen contents graphical representation to the WINDOWS default printer or to any other printer selected using the menu item File Printer preferences But you may also select a different printer in the following dialog box by pressing the Printer prefs change printer button Pin NES m Page sizes Output device civil server Lexmark T630 Output device mm x 286 y 201 Image mm 420 0 y 297 0 Printer Printer prefs change printer Landscape Output preferences Zoom factor 1 000 Fit to page Page overlap x mm 0 000 Page over
84. riction angle B ground inclination The vertical load component resulting from wall friction is obtained from the tangent of the angle of wall friction However in accordance with the EAB a minimum value of 0 5 the horizontal component is assumed when the tangent of the angle of wall friction is lt 0 5 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 25 of 87 August 2014 6 5 Increased active earth pressure The coefficient of increased active earth pressure Ken is obtained from the coefficients of active earth pressure and at rest earth pressure Ken 1 0 f kaf Ko 0 0 lt f lt 1 0 6 6 Passive earth pressure The coefficient of passive earth pressure can be analysed using a number of methods e DIN 4085 2011 e DIN 4085 1987 e Streck e Caquot Kerisel e DIN 4085 1987 Caguot Kerisel Besides calculated values you can also define your own When dealing with a single pile 3 dimensional passive earth pressure may be assumed The fol lowing options are available e To DIN 4085 2011 e To DIN 4085 1987 e To Wei enbach e Without 3D influence GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 26 of 87 August 2014 6 7 Berms GGU LATPILE can handle 10 berms on both the active and the passive sides The berms can include surcharges The effect on earth pressure is taken into consideration according to the Piling Handbook Krupp Hoesch Stahl Surcharge Additional load from berm and surcharge Figure 4 Berms on the active side
85. ry reinforcement for a symmetrically rein forced circular cross section Using this routine you no longer need to rely on barely readable literature diagrams but can now also design reinforcement that is not given as diagrams the con ventional literature 7 8 8 Steel design to EC3 menu item You can perform steel design to EC3 for a different section You will see the same dialog box as in the menu item System Design defaults see Section 7 4 6 7 8 9 Help menu item The GGU LATPILE manual is opened as a PDF document The help function can also be ac cessed using the F1 function key 7 8 10 What s new menu item You will see information on program improvements in comparison to older versions 7 8 11 Language preferences menu item This menu item allows you to switch the menus and the graphics from German to English and vice versa To work in German deactivate the two check boxes Dialoge Men s bersetzen trans late dialogs menus und Graphiktexte bersetzen translate graphics Alternatively you can work bilingually e g with German dialog boxes but with graphic output in English The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 80 of 87 August 2014 8 Tips and tricks 8 1 Keyboard and mouse You can scroll the screen with the keyboard using the cursor keys and the Page up and Page down keys By clicking and pulling with the m
86. ser Manual Page 49 of 87 August 2014 7 2 9 At rest earth pressure menu item Using the at rest earth pressure function the demands placed on the pile by area loads are deter mined according to the theory of elastic half space The reguired concentration factor is specified in the following dialog box At rest ep EE Concentration factor for area loads s3 f sd 3 for overconsolidated cohesive soils 4 for cohesionless and normally consolidated cohesive soils Cancel 7 2 10 User defined earth pressure coefficients menu item If you want to work with user defined earth pressure coefficients instead of with those computed by the program you can enter them here Enter the coefficients for horizontal ground If necessary GGU LATPILE will convert them for sloping ground using equation values for Kano and Kang see Theoretical principles Berms Section 6 7 User defined earth pressure coefficients xj Forw Back Cancel Info Compute values No kagh kach kpah kpch phi ap 1 0 3333 1 1547 3 0000 3 4641 32 5 32 5 If the Compute values button is pressed the earth pressure coefficients can be calculated by the program in accordance with the required standard and slope angle GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 50 of 87 August 2014 7 2 11 Seismic acceleration menu item Seismic loads can be taken into consideration as described in EC 8 or EAU 1990 Section 2 14 by increasing the active eart
87. signations and opens two different dialog boxes depending on whether you are working with a section list or with user defined section data e Young s modulus Specific weight When working with the section list you must enter Young s modulus and specific weight of the pile From the former the bending line is calculated from the latter the self weight of the pile e Specific weight Using user defined section data Young s modulus is entered in the corresponding dialog box so that here it is only necessary to specify the specific weight of the pile GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 59 of 87 August 2014 7 4 System menu 7 4 1 Info menu item You will see information on the current system in a message box 7 4 2 Special preferences menu item The program performs a multitude of plausibility checks s After starting the analysis the prefer ences specified by the user are displayed in a message box for problematical preferences separate information or warning are displayed It is therefore recommended to leave the Show warnings in future check box activated If you do not want to see the automatic display when the analysis starts deactivate the check box You can subsequently view your special preferences using this menu item 7 4 3 Depth subdivisions menu item GGU LATPILE uses the finite element method which requires the system to be divided into a number of finite elements rods Here you can specify the size of these dept
88. size pts s C Landscape m Print pages From page no 1 Offset for page number to page no ER fo m Output to Cancel Printer File In the dialog box you can define output preferences Printer preferences group box Using the Edit button the current printer preferencescan be changed or a different printer selected Using the Save button all preferences from this dialog box can be saved to a file in order to have them available for a later session If you select GGU LATPILE drk as file name and save the file in the program folder default the file will be automatically loaded the next time you start the program Using the Page format button you can define amongst other things the size of the left margin and the number of lines per page The Header footer button allows you to enter a header and footer text for each page If the symbol appears within the text the current page number will be entered during printing e g Page The text size is given in Pts You can also change between Portrait and Landscape formats Print pages group box If you do not wish pagination to begin with Z you can add an offset number to the check box This offset will be added to the current page number The output range is defined us ing From page no to page no Output to group box Start output by clicking on Printer or File The file name can then be selected from or ente
89. st 2014 7 34 Lateral pressures menu item If in addition to the diverse possibilities for determining earth pressure on the pile you also need to take additional surcharges on the active side into consideration this is where to enter them Lateral pressures xi Forw Back Cancel 1 lateral pressure s to edit No Top m Bottom m e top kN Zn e bottom kN nf As live 1 1 000 2 000 15 00 8 00 E The number of lateral pressures can be modified using the x lateral pressure s to edit button Then enter the ordinates in metres from the top of the pile or as absolute heights and the values for the lateral pressures 7 3 5 Area and line loads menu item Using this menu item you define area loads and line loads Aareatoads j x Forw Back Cancel 1 area load s to edit Generate line loads ply plh xleft tight Depth l NO N A kNAm m m im Type Live 1 25 00 0 00 1 000 2 000 1 250 Triangle max top 7 z The x area load s to edit button allows you to determine the number of area loads to be con sidered Subsequently you can enter the sizes p v vertical and p h horizontal the ordinates and the Depth of the area loads You must also enter the Type shape of the resul tant horizontal forces on the pile see also Section 6 8 For defining an area load as a live load select the corresponding check box on the right Using the Generate line loads but
90. ter data starting at the leff and then work through the menu items in seguence from top to bottom Begin at menu item Editor 1 Analysis options and click each menu item in the Editor 1 menu just to get an overview of the multi tude of options available in the program Proceed in analogy for the Editor 2 menu Once you have worked through these two menus you have completely described the system Details on the definition of certain input parameters are described in Section 7 pp An example will describe procedure more closely 5 2 System description As a worked example the following system is to be analysed 2 00 1 00 1 00 2 25 10 KN m2 S M g q 15 0 0 0 yN H g g 20 0 0 0 GW 2 00 10 0 oO Oo 5 15 0 50 0 O LO ai L 75 0 s SR moduli Figure 2 Worked example The system contains three different soils On the active side is a berm with a surcharge of 10 kN m2 On the passive side is a further berm The subgrade reaction modulus profile is presented graphically A steel pile HEB 300 is to be analysed A moment of 15 kNm and a horizontal load of 20 kN acts on the pile head The effective direction of the load can be seen in Figure 2 Groundwater is 2 0 m below the pile head The pile is 7 5 m long GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 9 of 87 August 2014 5 3 Step 1 Select analysis options After starting the program the logo is displayed Select the menu ite
91. the maximum values for all state variables Sum V analyses menu item Using this menu item it is possible to analyse Sum V once again for a previously analysed system If analysis of Sum V was not previously activated it is activated now via a prompt box The acti vation is then shown in the Editor 1 Analysis of Sum V or Editor 1 Partial factors Sum V dialog boxes see Sections 7 2 12 and 7 2 13 The circumference is required for analysis of Sum V Both rectangular steel sections HEB and circular tubular sections may be adopted as steel sections If the analysis is activated a dialog box opens allowing the steel cross section to be selected In the subsequent dialog box the type of analysis or the effective circumference may be modified for the analysed system This dialog box always opens immediately following analysis and design if analysis of Sum V is activated In the box shown below for a bored pile you can also specify whether the bored pile should be designed as a driven pile Analysis of mobilised passive earth pressure x Skin friction Adopt from m below top of pile 1 00 m Effective circumference 0 75 circumference 0 50 circumference Bored pile Il Design bored pile as driven pile Cancel Once the modifications are confirmed by pressing OK the data is displayed in a message box After closing the box the results for analysis of Sum V are displayed in the Genera
92. tion can be activated This is used to select the respective steel section If you then press the Selected section as design section button this section is used as the design section The section parameters h height b width A area I moment of inertia can be edited The program uses I and h to determine the section modulus W during the subse quent design phase The variable S is the first moment of area of the section and s is the web thickness The value of S s is required for verification of shear stress GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 58 of 87 August 2014 7 3 8 Section data menu item If you want to design a steel pile to EC 3 with user defined section values you can also define several individual sections for the pile here For example this can be used to represent partial corrosion of the steel pile as shown in the following dialog box Single sections i x Forw Back Cancel Load Save Sort 2 Single sections to edit No Depth m Designation Steel quality 1 2500 HEB 300 5235 7 2 700 HEB 300 4 s 235 7 If Steel design to EC 3 is not activated the old dialog box opens The Depth from the top of the pile or the absolute heights of the section have been entered the section Name the area A the section modulus W the moment of inertia I and Young s modulus E 7 3 9 Young s modulus Specific weight or Specific weight menu items This menu item has two separate de
93. ton line loads acting vertically on the pile may be considered adopted as area loads see Section 6 9 GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 55 of 87 August 2014 7 3 6 Bounded surcharges menu item Bounded surcharges are defined in the following dialog box You are first queried whether the surcharges are entered to be on the active or the passive side The following dialog box opens for active side input Bounded surcharges xi Forw Back Cancel 1 bounded surcharge s to edit No p xleft Depth Live kN m H il 15 00 2 000 0 000 m Using x bounded surcharge s to edit you can determine the number of bounded surcharges You can then enter the size of the surcharges the ordinates and the depth in metres from the top of the pile or as absolute heights Input of bounded surcharges on the passive side is analogous but without the Live check box 7 3 7 Steel sections menu item If you want to design a steel pile to EC 3 via the section list this menu item will open a dialog box containing the current list of steel sections Sections Forw Back Save Sort Delete doubles Simulate corrosion Create old record nfo Select section Create tubular section Delete sections Aves veel quates d i g e 3 i TER h D b Uf tw t r Wiel Wpl A lt gt lt So gt pg men lem mm mn ml lem ler ler fom De 25 355 480 235 275 385 420 1 Hesi foo fioo foo feo
94. tricks Section 8 3 Undo By clicking this icon the last performed change e g movement of graphical elements made using the F11 function key or the menu item Graphics preferences Move objects can be undone Ca Restore By clicking this symbol the last change undo carried out using Undo can be restored GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 72 of 87 August 2014 7 6 7 General legend menu item A legend with general properties will be displayed on your output sheet If the Show legend check box is activated you can alter the type of visualisation using the dialog box of this menu item General legend x Position General info legend relative to bottom left page margin in mm MV Show legend x mm 30 y mm 280 00 Font size mm 25 Max no of lines 50 J Show program name and version IV Show standard IV Show analysis of Sum V No file name 7 Without date and time 7 Cancel You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x value and y value You control the size of the legend using Font size and Max no of lines where necessary several columns are used The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed In the General legend you can if wished display information on the program name and version on the adopted standard
95. u items The 1 2 3 4 menu items show the last four files worked on By selecting one of these menu items the listed file will be loaded If you have saved files in any other folder than the program folder you can save yourself the occasionally onerous rummaging through various sub folders GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 43 of 87 August 2014 7 2 Editor 1 menu 7 2 1 Analysis options menu item Using this menu item you can edit the default preferences of the current system The dialog box corresponds to the box in the menu item File New see description in Section 7 1 1 7 2 2 System input menu item Enter the forces at the pile head for the pile you have used into a dialog box as well as further system parameters System input x r Bored pile Permanentfa Changeable q Moment pile head kN m 30 00 60 00 i M Horizontal force pile head kN 50 00 20 00 Vertical force pile head kN 50 00 0 00 TV Pile length m 6 50 Pile diameter m 0 800 H Moment and horizontal force to ZTV Lsw 88 Moment and horizontal force to ZTV Lsw 2013 m System input Groundwater m 5 00 Distributed load kN r 0 00 Distributed load type Component gt 10 0 kN n changeable x Cancel You see the above dialog box if you have selected the partial safety factors in File New or Editor 1 Analysis options menu items The permanent and changeable loads are entered s
96. x for the optimum section can be adopted GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 19 of 87 August 2014 HEB 140 p 0 861 A 43 0 cr HEB 160 p 0 596 A 54 3 cr HEB 180 p 0 439 4 65 3 cr HEB 200 p 0 328 4 78 1 cr HEB 220 p 0 255 A 31 0 cr HEB 240 p 0 200 4 106 0 crv HEB 260 p 0 165 4 118 0 cnr The analysis and design of the pile are complete The input and results are then displayed in a message box Because a different section to the originally selected HEB 300 was designed the analysis should be repeated using the new HEB 140 section Adopt the pile width of the newly selected pile by pressing the Adopt button and repeat the analysis and subsequent design of the HEB 140 When the program starts the Sum V analyses are activated by default see menu item Partial factors Sum V Section 7 2 13 Immediately after analyses and design you will therefore see the following dialog box on analysis of the mobilised passive earth pressure Analysis of mobilised passive earth pressure my xi Adopt the data and perform the analysis The results are displayed in a message box If you exit the message box by pressing OK the editor box analysis of the vertical capacity opens GGU LATPILE User Manual Page 20 of 87 August 2014 Analysis of vertical capacity xi m Empirical data Use own empirical data not recommended Bi m Partial factors End resistance gam

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