THE AIB STYLE GUIDE
Contents
1. Capital Letters All sentences should start with a capital letter Capitals should also be used for the first letter of proper nouns or proper names and to mark titles and honorific names used in direct address unless they have been abbreviated to their generic element or unless it is a reference to a previous incumbent or the office itself Initial capitals should always be used for names that identify nationalities races clans tribes inhabitants of a region official names of countries geo political designations topographical features buildings structures public places deities adherents of a particular religion and speakers of a particular language O OO 0 2 O O O 0O O In the full names of organisations all words except articles prepositions and conjunctions receive first letter capitals e g the Australian Institute of Business This capitalisation is maintained for minor abbreviations of the name but disappears when the name is abbreviated to a generic element Time Indicators amp Periods The names of days and months are always capitalised whereas the names of seasons are lower case Capitals are also given to institutional holidays or holy days Australian Institute of Business 9 V10Jul13 Section 2 Titles of specific historical periods are capitalised unless abbreviated to a generic element Broad historical descriptions are left as lower case e g the Renaissance but the colonial er2. The title is placed above the table figure with only first letter capitalised and no full stop The same font is used as for the body copy Notes and sources should appear below the table in 11 point font will a full stop at the end Tables that run over onto a second page should include continuation indicators Australian Institute of Business 14 V10Jul13 Appendix A APPENDIX A QUICK GUIDE REFERENCING EXAMPLES Books Hardback Paperback E book Situation In Text Citation Reference List One Author Hardy 2010 states or Hardy D 2010 AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide Scholars believe AIB has a bright future Hardy 2010 p 5 Hardy D amp Markus N 2010 AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide Two Authors Hardy and Markus 2010 state that or Hardy amp Markus 2010 Three Authors Hardy Markus and Abraham 2010 state or Hardy Markus amp Abraham 2010 Four or More Authors Hardy et al 2010 state or Hardy D Markus N Abraham P amp Abraham S 2010 AIB Hardy et al 2010 the future AIB Publications Adelaide Hardy D Markus N amp Abraham S 2010 AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide Multiple Works Same Hardy 2010 2011 or List these works as separate references as per the One Author Hardy 2010a 2010b Author example above Different Authors Follow the One Author example above Different List these works
3. or rr NB If adocument was viewed online add the date viewed and URL at the end of the reference Australian Institute of Business 19 V10Jul13 Appendix A Miscellaneous Situation O In Text Citation Reference List Personal Communications In an email sent on 10 August 2011 The Not referenced Chairman of AIB Professor Selva Abraham stated Thesis Unpublished Markus unpub or Markus unpub Markus N 2004 The Use of Mythology and Language in Tolkien BA Hons Thesis University of Greenwich Note Title not italicised as not published Dictionary The Oxford English Dictionary 2010 or The Oxford English Dictionary 2010 6 ed n Oxford The Oxford English Dictionary 2010 University Press London Hardy 2011 or Hardy 2011 Hardy D 2011 AIB the Practical Business School A B International Conference 12 14 March 2011 AIB Publications Adelaide pp 57 89 Conference Paper Hard Copy Pamphlet AIB 2010 or AIB 2010 Australian Institute of Business AIB 2010 Work Applied Learning for Change Author Adelaide DVD Waiting for Breakfast 2002 or Waiting for breakfast 2002 DVD recording Film Co Waiting for Breakfast 2002 New York Movie Waiting for Breakfast 2002 or Waiting for breakfast 2002 motion picture Film Co Waiting for Breakfast 2002 New York Television Broadcast Birds of Australia 2011 or Birds of Australia 2011 Wildlife for All tel
4. a number it will precede the alphabetical listing Keep the names of the authors in the order they appear on the publication even if not alphabetical If there is no author list according to sponsoring body or title as applicable If there are two or more works by one author list the oldest first If there are two or more works by one author published in the same year differentiate with a b etc listing them alphabetically by title References should be single line space with a blank line in between each reference The Harvard system prefers minimal capitalisation so only the first word of book titles has a capital letter Author names and initials are always capitalised However for journal titles capitalise any word that is not a preposition or conjunction References follow the sequence Author gt Date gt Title gt Publisher Place of Publication Appendix A of this document provides a quick guide to referencing in different situations including both in text and reference list examples Australian Institute of Business 8 V10Jul13 Section 2 Style refers to how you should format and present your written work for submission to AIB AIB s preferred Microsoft Word settings for academic work at are as follows 12 point Times New Roman line spacing of 1 5 lines language set as English Australian default Microsoft Word margin settings 3 17 left right and 2 54 top bottom and left aligned Oo 0O O
5. as separate references as per the One Same Family Name years mean there will be no confusion Author example above Different Authors It is best to paraphrase in this instance List these works as separate references as per the One Same Family Name amp Author example above Year Australian Institute of Business 15 V10Jul13 Appendix A Later Editions As per the examples above depending on number of Hardy D 2010 AIB the future k edn AIB Publications authors Adelaide Two or More Authors Hardy 2010 and Markus 2011 or List these works as separate references as per the examples Cited At Once Hardy 2010 Markus 2011 above No Author AIB the future 2010 or AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide AIB the future 2010 Edited Work Hardy ed 2010 or ed Hardy 2010 Hardy D ed 2010 AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide If there is more than one editor follow the relevant Author example above using eds Chapter in Edited Work Hardy 2010 or Hardy 2010 Hardy D 2010 Research 2012 2015 in Markus N ed AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide No Date Approximate Hardy n d or Hardy D AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide or Date Hardy c 2010 Hardy D c 2010 AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide Secondary Sources Markus 2009 cited in Hardy 2010 or Hardy D 2010 AIB the future AIB Publications Adelaide Hardy 2010 citing Ma
6. bullet form unless numbers or letters are required to show priority or chronology However use itemised lists sparingly as they can disrupt the hierarchy and make readers lose track of connections Punctuation of dot points is a matter for each individual author to decide as there are many different views on the issue Whichever choice you make just be sure to remain consistent throughout the document Australian Institute of Business 10 V10Jul13 Section 2 Italics Italics are used in the following situations O titles of m books 7 periodicals m plays 7 longer poems musical compositions m films TV and radio programmes m works of art 7 legislation and legal cases O names of ships aircraft and other vehicles O scientific names of animals and plants O technical terms and those being defined O letters words and phrases being cited O words requiring particular emphasis or tone and O foreign words not yet absorbed into English Underlining Avoid the use of underlining in your document as these days it implies the presence of a hyperlink Shortened Forms Avoid using grammatical contractions in your document also write the words out in full e g do not rather than don t Abbreviations These include the first letter of a word but not the last letter e g Mon Always use a full stop at the end of these and following the usually capitalisation rules Contractions These include the fir
7. itself when you are thinking of fixing this go Australian Institute of Business 23 V10Jul13 Appendix B 1 Tools Cite While You Write Format Reference list 2 Click the Layout tab 3 Change the Hanging indent box amount to 0 000 cm Australian Institute of Business 24 V10Jul13
8. rather than a forward slash when expressing them numerically Ordinal numbers should be spelt out unless the text is dense and space is an issue Percentages can be shown either way but the percentage symbol should only be used with numerals Parts of a document such as Chapters and Figures should be capitalised and followed by numerals If Roman numerals are used keep them upper case for titles of book elements but lower case for page and paragraph numbers Use an en rule and not a hyphen to link spans of numerals including years and dates of birth and death e g 1990 1999 However a hyphen is used if the spans follow the words from or between hyphen en rule em rule Australian Institute of Business 12 V10Jul13 Section 2 Expressions of Time Shortened forms of eras e g BC are shown without full stops and before a space between the year and the era Centuries may have the number spelt out or in numerals but remain consistent throughout the document Dates should be written with numerals for the day and year but with the month written out There should be no commas used Restrict numeral only presentation of dates to tables and instances where space is limited Times of the day can be expressed in words unless the exact time is important If using am and pm these are lower case with no full stops and a space between them and the time Temperature Temperature can be written in word
9. AIB looking to the future 2011 our Research Department viewed 16 September 2012 http www aib edu au articles Conference Proceedings Hardy 2011 or Hardy 2011 Hardy D 2011 AIB the Practical Business School paper presented at the A B International Conference 12 14 March 2011 http www aib edu au conferences Podcast Webcast AIB looking to the future 2011 or AIB looking to the future 2 October 2011 AIB looking to the future 2011 podcast http www aib edu au podcasts Hardy 2011 or Hardy 2011 Hardy 2011 Writing for Education Hardy s Help blog 30 August 2011 viewed 10 October 2011 http hardyshelp com au Australian Institute of Business 18 V10Jul13 Appendix A Legal Government Documents Situation In Text Citation Reference List Legislations South Australian Government 2010 or South Australian Government 2010 South South Australian Government 2010 Australian Import Act Author Brisbane Publications ABS 2009 or ABS 2009 Australian Bureau of Statistics ABS 2009 South Australian Statistics Cat No 15665 9 Author Canberra Reports SACCA 2011 or SACCA 2011 South Australian Commission into Cruelty to Animals 2011 The abandonment of cats in the city centre by Commissioner IAM Madeup Australian Government Publishing Canberra When citing sections use the abbreviations s or ss When citing regulations use the abbreviations r
10. AVL AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE of BUSINESS the practical business school THE AIB STYLE GUIDE Contents HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT eesessesessesescsesessecescesescecesosceseecesesceceecesescesescesescesescecescecesees 2 SECTION 1 REFERENCING sicsswacecncsswecscrccnceesninnesevexcicusstsaesscvexatesevsacsesansaucenensusesbassuinencssaes 2 Importance of Citing and Referencing sesisicissrciscosiniirnsesanie a eaa aa 2 AIB s Preferred Referencing System eeesssssssesreessrersereosseresseresreresreesseresseresseresreoserresseeesreresss 3 Whatis Fe AISA sapne nen E E E 3 METHODS OF CITATION AND REFERENCING cscsccscsccscsccccsccccsceccsceccscsccscnceccncescscees 3 ETOL ECO a TE E 3 Direct QUOTATION vV Paraphrasing siseenerbiiarke aa e Eea a A 6 REFERENCE LISTS V BIBLIOGRAPHIEG cscscscscscscsccccscncsccccscscsscscscncascccscncsssscscscssess 8 SECHON 2 STYLE aa de ccdecesevaes oncdacesccseanvaeconeneetuesnencusceecesarsnensenedneavetnesmeatestessesoeseniinccucavennes 9 5s 0 1A ET AAE AE ee T E EE AA 9 TUA CON S A E E E ANET 10 SOFIE ROIS A E E E EE E E E E 11 N mbers amp Measurements earinnnenranari aran E aara 12 piele ERa E E EEE E ee eee ee eee 13 APPENDIX A QUICK GUIDE REFERENCING EXAMPLEG cscscsscscsccscsccscsccccsceccsceccscees 15 Books Hardback Paperback E bOOk cccccccccscssessceeeceeccessseeeeesceeeessseeuueeeeeeeesesseueueeensess 15 Journal Newspaper Articles
11. CR O Each author s name should have its own line for example O Ensure both the start and end page numbers have been imported in the pages line of the reference If there is only one page number there add the other number with a hyphen for example 145 158 Importing To import references from a database like Procite or ABI Inform 1 Search the database as normal and then mark any references you wish to import 2 Go to the marked list and click the Export button 3 Choose the name of your EndNote library enl if it is not already open 4 Click OK and the reference will be exported directly to your library Some databases require the extra step of choosing the import filter it is the name of the database Note You will have to check that the author s full name and the page numbers of the references from the database are added to your library in the correct format Checking these after each importation will save a lot of time later when you are using Endnote s citing and referencing facilities Formatting the reference list Note that the format of the reference list that is created when you use the normal cite when you write facility of EndNote with our output style should not have hanging second and other lines To ensure this hanging does not happen with your reference list in Word go 1 EndNote Format Reference list 2 Click the Layout tab 3 Change the Hanging indent box amount to 0 000 cm If you are working in EndNote
12. a Scientific Names In botany and zoology the names of taxonomic groups are capitalised down to the genus level The epithet is not capitalised They are usually presented in italics Common names of plants and animals are lower case unless they contain a proper name e g Eucalyptus marginate Chemicals and compounds are lower case unless they contain a proper name The same is true of viruses and diseases Proprietary names of drugs are capitalised e g paracetamol but Panadol Commercial Terms Trademarks proprietary names and brand names are always capitalised To print without a capital may infringe any registered status Brand and model names should also be capitalised Computing and the Internet Names of computer software and hardware are usually capitalised Dictionaries also capitalise Internet the Net and World Wide Web although website is usually lowercase Textual Contrast Headings Headings are signposts for readers and should be carefully distributed and worded A clear and logical hierarchy will show the importance of different sections of information Headings should be numbered and the titles of headings kept brief and informative Indented Material Use indented material in a systematic way maintaining the same amount of indentation each time to keep the document balanced Have a different level of indentation for quotations as opposed to itemised material ltemised material should be done in
13. both author names e g Markus cited in Hardy 2010 Personal Communications Information gained through personal communication such as an interview is not referenced but does need to be cited in the text e g D Hardy 2010 pers comm 28 May Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries No need to reference but cite in text as per the usual methods described above Acts and Ordinances Use the short formal titles of Acts To clarify jurisdiction either work this into the text or place abbreviated information in parentheses after the date e g the Copyright Act 1968 Cwlth Plays Poetry Holy Sacred Books and Classics When citing from plays or poetry include information such as acts scenes verses and lines These sources are not usually included in the reference list When citing from holy books such as the Bible set out as follows Psalm 23 6 8 Do not include in reference list When referring to the classics the year of original publication is not required only the year of the edition being used In the reference list this date appears at the end rather than in the usual place In text citations use only the name and not the date Films TV amp Radio Italicise the title and mention the year of release for in text citations Australian Institute of Business 5 V10Jul13 Section 1 Websites For in text citations include the author and the site date date of creation or most recent update Page Numbers Page nu
14. cccccccccccccccccsssceeeesseseeeeececcccsccseseeeeeeeeeeeeesseeececeeeesseseeeeeeeuaaegs 17 NSN SU a vedere E E E E E css iuesseswisetestdseetsavecsed owedtte 18 LPG Al GOVEFNIMENT DOCUMENTS io cssacersisezsanssacnenntasedannsaanaceasiseedanecannenntaasdunesaaanseaniartdaencaaneneeas 19 Mecelle 0 0 penne ete en ne ee ere ee Oe ee eee ee eee 20 Creating New Citation Styles cisccscsescsscaseresadcnaparacanseingisareteandiecaanesiesaiacarabiegnneseevanseoreneeweareees 21 APPENDIX B ENDNOTE icsccsccntcnsstestctsssce snes acvsceesuescacenseresuccnsarctsatwooneseonstacwstetantiesnercdvaeees 22 Australian Institute of Business 1 V10Jul13 Section 1 HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT This document is broken into two sections Section 1 provides you with an in depth analysis of referencing and how to ensure you reference appropriately for your AIB assessments Section 2 outlines how to style and present any documents you are submitting during your AIB course AIB s Referencing and Style Guide is based on the following text Style Manual for Authors Editors and Printers 2002 6 edn revised by Snooks amp Co Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra SECTION 1 REFERENCING Referencing is a way to acknowledge any authors whose work you mention in your document This identification of the original authors is important to avoid accusations of plagiarism You need to include a reference whenever you use someone else s theories opin
15. e authors share the same family name differentiate between them by including their initials in the citation An Edited Compiled Revised or Translated Work These are noted with the abbreviations ed comp rev and trans as in the following example ed Hardy 2009 In a reference list this will appear in brackets after the name and before the year If the author is still of primary importance the editor translator etc can be acknowledged in the references listed after the title of the work Different Editions If the work is not a first edition the citation remains the same but the edition will be noted in the references placed after the title of the publication Unknown Dates If the date of publication is unknown the term n d no date is used in place of the year If a date is established but not certain c circa may be used before the year Australian Institute of Business 4 V10Jul13 Section 1 No Author Authoring Body If no author name is available for the work it is both cited and referenced by the title Use of Short Title If a work is better known by a short title this may be used in citation but the full title must be recorded in the references Contributions within Publications To cite a preface foreword etc provide both author names e g Markus in Hardy 2010 Citations from Secondary Sources As with citing contributions if citing from secondary sources quote
16. evision Australian Institute of Business 20 V10Jul13 Appendix A ae Birds of Australia 2011 broadcast Channel 21 18 December Radio Interview Markus 2008 or Markus 2008 Markus N 2008 Tolkien and norse mythology radio broadcast Radio RAD 8 November AIB Learning Materials AIB Topic 5 Selection and retention of Australian Institute of Business AIB 2013 Topic 5 employees 2013 or Selection and retention of employees in Strategic AIB Topic 5 Selection and retention of Human Resource Management Learning Materials AIB employees 2013 Adelaide YouTube Video ABBTF 2010 or ABBTF 2010 Australian Brick and Blocklaying Training Foundation ABBTF 2010 ABBTF Bricklaying Soeed Test WorldSkills viewed 10 December 2010 http www youtube com watch v xhHt2Nbcm com Creating New Citation Styles If you cannot find a relevant example of the type of source material you want to cite and if you have exhausted all the sources then just cite all the details that would help the reader find the source easily Think about the following items Who created the work When was it created What is the title and type of information Where can one find it ae ae ee Australian Institute of Business 21 V10Jul13 Appendix B APPENDIX B ENDNOTE The latest version of EndNote may be purchased from www endnote com When you look at their catalogues distinguish between the actual program a
17. ions or data You need to reference regardless of whether you are quoting copying e g tables paraphrasing or summarising Referencing other writers work will demonstrate the breadth of your research by showing the reader the source of any information you are quoting allowing verification of your data and strengthening you academic argument Please note that the terms citing and referencing are used synonymously throughout this guide Importance of Citing and Referencing 1 Assignments projects and theses must contain proper citations and referencing using the Harvard style referred to in this Style Guide that is a citations or in text references of quoted and paraphrased materials to support your arguments comments and b areference list at the end of your paper relating specifically to your in text references 2 Your grade will be adversely affected if there are no poor citations and or reference list as referred to above 3 Assignments projects normally contain the following number of relevant references from different sources in the reference list a BBA assignments 5 10 b MBA assignments 6 12 C Projects BBA amp MBA 20 25 Australian Institute of Business 2 V10Jul13 Section 1 4 The number of references needed for a Research Degree Thesis will vary depending on the length of the Thesis Your Principal Supervisor will advise you if you have too many or two few references 5 All references mu
18. le and then follow instructions Next to get the output style to work in EndNote File Open your library if you are working in Word you will have to go Tools Endnote At the top row of the screen that appears there is a window after the first three icons Click on the small down arrow on the right side of the window and scroll down to Aust Style Manual author date and click on it to select that style Then to set up the correct font for all your library displays go Edit Preferences Click on Display Fonts And select Change Font to Times New Roman Regular and 12 point font Click OK a ie ee Entering a reference To enter details of a reference go Australian Institute of Business 22 V10Jul13 Appendix B l Open your own library enl Go to References New reference 3 Select Reference type in the window at the very top of the screen Journal article is the default type 4 In the two windows just under that select Times New Roman and 12 5 And then enter the details of the reference that are required in a normal reference like author s name family first date title journal volume issue pages first last 6 To save the reference into your library type File Close Reference and click Yes As you enter the details note that O The author s names should have the family name and then their first names or their initials with a space or comma between them in that order for example Perry Chad o Perry
19. mbers need to be used when quoting directly from published material They can also be used for indirect quotes paraphrasing and summaries when the material in questions comes from a particular page in the published work The use of page numbers is as follows Number of Pages Citation Style Hardy 2010 p 5 Multiple pages with no sequence Hardy 2010 pp 4 6 9 Multiple pages in sequence Hardy 2010 pp 29 37 Appendix A of this document provides a quick guide to referencing in different situations including both in text and reference list examples Direct Quotation v Paraphrasing There are two ways to approach in text citation referencing direct quotation and paraphrasing Direct quotation Direct quotations are incorporated into the sentence if the quote is just a few words or a sentence Longer quotations should be placed below the paragraph indented single spaced and in 11 point font Direct quotations should be used sparingly and should equate to no more than 10 of your paper Short Quotations Incorporate short quotations into the text using single quotation marks and a full stop after the citation Example AIB is keen to expand its research in the area of Work Applied Learning Hardy 2010 p 5 Information Prominent As Hardy 2010 p 5 states AIB is keen to expand its research in the area of Work Applied Learning Author Prominent If a quote originally began with a capital letter place square b
20. nd mere updates to previously bought programs EndNote takes several hours to understand Indeed it can be debated whether using EndNote is necessary if you do not intend to write many academic articles and are not very competent at using computer software Normally students do not envisage writing many academic articles and so they can ignore EndNote and write citations and reference lists using Word However they must be very careful to write down all their references in the correct format Moreover before they submit their assignment project thesis they will have to double check that all the citations have their corresponding reference in their reference list by using the Edit Find function of Word But let us assume you are very competent on computers and want to master EndNote An excellent range of online guides to using EndNote are available at http endnote com if online user manual Output style After installing EndNote you will first need to adapt your installed EndNote program to use the Australian Style Manual output style to format your reference list on each document To do this go to this Internet site after you have got EndNote Program running http www crandon com au EndNote fag Styles ASM ASM html Then select the option for Australian Style Manual and then select Aust Style Manual author date ens when the option appears at that site the output style file will then download Click on the downloaded fi
21. rackets around the first letter in the quotation Australian Institute of Business 6 V10Jul13 Section 1 Long Quotations If your quotation is longer than 30 words write an introduction in your own words ending in a colon then move down two lines indenting from the left margin and type the quote single spaced and in a smaller font than the body copy Quotation marks are not used for longer quotations If the citation is not included in the introductory text it appears at the end of the quotation To omit words from quotations use an ellipsis An ellipsis is also used if the quotation does not begin at the start of a sentence Example Hardy 2010 p 5 believes that AIB has strong goals with regards to the future of its research department He states that t he Australian Institute of Business is keen to expand its research in the area of Work Applied Learning with particular focus on Action Learning and Action Research and their impact on change in the workplace Incorrect terms If the original text is incorrect in terms of grammar or spelling insert sic to show it is part of the original text and not an error Example Many writers including Hardy 2010 p 10 argued that the world was round and to suggest that it is flot sic is purely absurd Double Quotations For a quotation within a quotation use double quotation marks within single quotation marks Example Hardy 2010 p 10 explained Ma
22. rect reference to the author s name within the statement i e AIB has a number of goals for the research department in the 2012 2015 Research Plan Hardy 2010 Authoring Bodies with Long Names If an authoring body has a long name it may be abbreviated for citations but needs to be spelt out in full in the reference list Australian Institute of Business 3 V10Jul13 Section 1 Two Three Authors Authoring Bodies If there are two or three authors of the work being cited all the surnames are listed followed by the year i e Hardy Abraham amp Markus 2010 If the citation is Author Prominent use and rather than an ampersand Four or More Authors Authoring Bodies If there are four or more authors of the work being cited the citation will list the surname of the first author followed by et al i e Hardy et al 2010 Two or More Works Cited at One Time If you are citing two or more works at the same point in the text these are separated by a semi colon i e Hardy 2010 Markus 2011 More than One Work by the Same Author Authoring Body When you are referring to more than one work by the same author you need to separate the years of publication with a comma i e Hardy 2010 2011 If a page reference is used it will be Hardy 2010 p 5 2011 p 8 If the works were published in the same year differentiate with a b etc as follows Hardy 2010a 2010b Authors with the Same Family Name Wher
23. rkus observations states NB If an E Book was viewed online add the date viewed and URL at the end of the reference Australian Institute of Business 16 V10Jul13 Appendix A Journal Newspaper Articles Situation In Text Citation Reference List One or More Authors Hardy amp Markus 2011 or Hardy D amp Markus M 2011 AIB looking to Hardy and Markus 2011 the future Gibaran Journal of Applied Management vol 6 no 2 pp 50 57 Newspapers replace vol issue with date Online If viewing online at the end of the reference add the online database name or in the case of websites the date viewed and the URL No Author AIB looking to the future 2011 or AIB looking to the future Gibaran Journal of AIB looking to the future 2011 Applied Management vol 6 no 2 pp 50 57 No Volume Issue Numbers Hardy amp Markus 2011 or Hardy D amp Markus M 2011 AIB looking to Hardy and Markus 2011 the future Gibaran Journal of Applied Management 16 September pp 50 57 Australian Institute of Business 17 V10Jul13 Appendix A Internet Situation S In Text Citation Reference List Internet Document No Date Hardy n d or Hardy n d Hardy D n d AIB looking to the future viewed 16 September 2012 http www aib edu au articles Internet Document No Author AIB looking to the future 2011 or AIB looking to the future 2011 Articles from
24. rkus and many others have said citation is the key to all good academic writing Markus 2009 p 34 and I heartily support their view Explaining Meaning If you need to explain the meaning of a word in your quotation place that explanation within square brackets after the word in question Example Hardy 2008 p 9 stated that citation is de rigueur strictly required for all professional academics Australian Institute of Business 7 V10Jul13 Section 1 Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is rewriting the ideas in your own words summarising them and attributing the ideas to the original author s Paraphrasing is preferable to direct quotation as it demonstrates your understanding of the ideas and concepts Example Many writers including Hardy 2010 believe that paraphrasing is preferable to direct quotation and that accurate citation can help the author avoid allegations of plagiarism REFERENCE LISTS V BIBLIOGRAPHIES The difference between a reference list and a bibliography is this a reference lists notes any sources you have actually cited within your document a bibliography lists all sources you consulted while writing your document whether they were cited or not Please note that AIB require a reference list only Arranging Your Reference List Arrange your list alphabetically by author surname without using bullet points or any other list marker to begin your entry If the reference begins with
25. s unless the exact temperature is important Numerals can also be used to save space or in tables Currency Amounts of money are usually expressed in numerals combined with symbols to differentiate between currencies use either AS or AUD US or USD International System of Units Names of units can be expressed either in words or by their symbol In general non technical documents will use the words but either is acceptable as long as consistency is maintained Symbols may be preferred in tables and words in body text for example Except for Celsius units and their prefixes are not capitalised when shown in words Symbols are also mostly lowercase except for the symbol for litre L and symbols for units named after people Unit symbols never take the plural s but names of units do when associated with numbers greater than one The word per can only be used with spelt out names whereas the forward slash representing per can only be used with symbols Tables amp Figures Maintain clarity when constructing tables Keep titles short and restricted to one line and internal headings should be brief and clear Place tables directly after the paragraph that refers to them or as close as possible Australian Institute of Business 13 V10Jul13 Section 2 Table and Figure titles should include the table figure number a title and where necessary data qualifiers and a date time span
26. st and last letters of a word but have letters missing in between e g Mr Capitalise as per the full word but do not place a full stop at the end Australian Institute of Business 11 V10Jul13 Section 2 Acronyms These are strings of initial letters that are pronounced as a word e g TAFE They usually take all capitals unless they are ones that have become familiar everyday words such as scuba and no full stops Write them in full the first time they are used with the acronym in brackets After that the acronym may be used Initialisms These are strings of initial letters that are not pronounced as a word e g SA They are fully capitalised and do not have full stops Symbols Any recognised unit of measurement and any recognised words and concepts do not take full stops and are capitalised only if they represent a proper name Numbers amp Measurements If a number is used to open a sentence that number should either be spelt out or the sentence rearranged Never open a sentence with a number accompanied by a symbol i e money Numerals are always used for numbers accompanied by a symbol However these numbers may be spelt out in discursive text In general spell out numbers lower than 10 but use numerals for those above Thousands do not need a comma but large numbers should be expressed with spaces rather than commas e g 56 000 Use hyphens when expressing fractions in words and use the fraction bar
27. st be from credible sources such as books industry related journals magazines company documents and latest articles AIB s Preferred Referencing System AIB has chosen to use the Harvard author date referencing system In this system brief citations are included in the body of your work giving the author s name and year of publication This is accompanied at the end of the document by an alphabetical reference list of all sources used giving full details of the publication What is Plagiarism Plagiarism is the act of claiming someone else s ideas opinions or words as your own Plagiarism can be unintentional resulting from a lack of proper citing and referencing which is why maintaining accurate citations and references in your documents is so important AIB does not tolerate any form of plagiarism Please refer to the Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure for more information including penalties for plagiarism METHODS OF CITATION AND REFERENCING The following section provides examples of how to cite reference information in the body of your work In Text Citation There are two main methods of in text citations references Author Prominent and Information Prominent 1 Author Prominent is when you name the author at the commencement of the sentence i e Hardy 2010 states that AIB has a number of goals for the research department in the 2012 2015 Research Plan 2 Information Prominent is when there is no di
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