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CMTS User Manual

1. oo CMTS User Manual 33 Version 3 0 33 symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 all tasks adive CMTS IP 10 254 0 100 CMTS ateway 10 254 0 1 CM Rday status 1 IP210 254 129 254 G ateway 10 254 0 3 Sever 10 254 0 3 CPE Rday status 1 P 172 1 1 254 ateway 172 1 1 250 Server 10 254 0 3 Current number arrays 63 max number 1000 Current number memory slots 240527 max number 393216 all mgmt arrays initialized Launching Server Task TSA enabled CM Rday Gateway MA C 00 0C F1 D A ED 6E CMTS Gateway MA C 00 10 4B 2B 50 B9 CPE Rday Gateway MA C 00 0C F 1 D A E D 6E Verifying the code is running on the CMTS Logging into the CMTS Display the system versions The bold number displays the application version e g gt root gt show Enter description Blonder Tongue CMTS HW REV 1 1 V ENDOR Blonder TongueLTD BOOTR 2 0 072 gt gt SW V er 04 19 2004 14 00 33 ants 2 0 3 300 gt gt build 3000 name CMTS location Somewhere around the world up time 0 days 0 hours 0 minutes 57 seconds CMTS User Manual 34 Version 3 0 33 CHAPTER 5 Advanced Operations This chapter describes the advanced features commands and operations of the Blonder Tongue CMTS About this chapter Part 1 DHCP Monitoring describes how DHCP monitoring can be utilized Part
2. leo eiu o ie M stade ees 10 INSTALLING THE BLONDER TONGUE CMTS eee eese sonssnsenessssnsssseseessesss 4 ir e rne ce atten e aia dee ed 14 PART 1 SETTING UP THE CMTSAND UPCONVERTER CONNECTION esee eene rre renean tents tntaati 14 CONNECTING THE CMTSAND THE UPCONVERTER IN LAB ENVIRONMENT 2 nnne ternas natans tatus 14 Connedingthe CM TS to a Live Cable P lant iecit tente pete th endete tede qi i c tds 17 Configuring the CMT S U sing Terminal Commands sese esee entente tente treten tente tentes tte treten 20 PART 2 SETTING UP AN END USER SITEL dede eau ee als 26 Betore You D eoi eo De to d eS 26 Installing and Configuring the E OC SIS D OC SIS Modem ssssseeneenne entente tenetis 28 T st the SysUemc cci ces t peo re tee eee MO avo tbe a Ee o Dto 28 A boutthis cha Us sua ot oce er cea ctim e e ee a ne e tr n eer at Hh qr ce enu 29 PART 1 PREREQUISITES BEFORE PERFORMING AN UPGRADE rere ennt nnne tnnt rte 29 Se ngup TE LP nte Tre bte elle 29 SaUngup E DP ostrea ttm UR DRE RDUM R 29 Step by Step Instructions to pgradethe C M T S tnter tette tentent
3. test C omplete SD RA M test C omplde NV RA M memory test Press any key to stop auto boot 0 auto booting Created dos File System BOOTES formatted A ttaching network interface 100 done A ttached gm0 icroengine initialized M icroengine started D ownloading application V erifying file W riting to flash 80228522902 95 100 File write to flash suass Checking configuration file Boot application Load image from flash Loading image 0 start 0000000 size 6159837 3432524 1893356 81435916 Load module success A ll Microengines stopped Starting at 0x 1000 H ost N ame bootH ost Target N ame vxT arget A dding 10952 symbols for standalone CPU Inte ixpl200e ARM IX P1200 Processor 0 Memory Size 0 000000 BSP version 1 2 1 02 Starting CMTS application ROOT Max non cached size 524288 adual 390144 MA Parray start 321200 size 1000 SD RA M 2K start 323b600 size 20000 CMTS User Manual 32 Version 3 0 33 SD RA M 2K 2 start 3250600 size 20000 created partitions Created dos File System CMTS formatted File CMTS config bootupC fg restored from flash spawned all tasks 0xb72a240 ROOT DUS A PI call 0 D U SInit 0xb72a240 ROOT dus init 0xb72a240 ROO T DUS DUS A PI call 0 D USL og 56 fm 0x99ac 0xb72a240 ROOT D U SInit r urns 0 Initializing bam from M ac M anager Miaomgne initialized E thane Link Status is UP On Port 2 100M
4. te tinent stent 30 CMTS User Manual 1 Version 3 0 33 ADVAN GED EO uo RHET EN 35 A hout this chapeau ace ertet ict cote ate P n e pit ca ten rn ede ae ur e nd 35 PART DHCP MONITORIN Gonsar oap ie a eo 35 PART 2 ARPAN D BRIDGIN Gisssssscsssstessechnsccecssossetcbssssseesicsntasostesosesietsssssivessessoeusessesesosed cousbecassbenscbosessenseusoienesbensossevssteissssetecestete 35 CPE TRAFFIC FLOW WITH CM rh die pepe edic uae eec d oe ee t a uL ees 36 ARP MONITOR debita eet 36 PART 3 LOAD BALANCING BETWEEN UPSTREAM 6 1 37 COMMAND REFERENCE PTT R RHNN 39 About this Cd DUC as cr erre ti aree ted ien a dee Recte v ur b c re ER 39 Logaing onto 5 39 UICE E 39 GLOBALE COMMAND 40 DIRECTORY COMMANDS 43 ROOT DIRECT ORY bid eal d dea ctu Er bed n B AR E A e DH 43 ROOT ADMIN DIRECTORY eenen ne 45 ROOT ADMIN ACCESS CONTROL DIRECTORY cssssssssssssssssssssssecssssssecesssssessssseseseusseseseussesesessaesesessaesesessaesesestassesessanseseseanseees 46 ROOT ADMIN ACCESS CONTROI ACCESS STATION TABLE DIRECTO RY scsssssssssscsssssesssssessscs
5. root admin ip services dhap gt show source type relay status rday ip rday gateway dhop server append remoteid 1 adiv l 1720114 172 0 11 1 192 168 11 150 disable 0 62 inactive 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 disable 0 E Note Reboot the CMTS after changing the relay configuration for the DH CP relay to work correctly 4 The following tables lists the options required to work with the Blonder Tongue USB modem and minimal requirements for the CPE Customer Premise E quipment with possible values Option Name Vendor PossibleValue Class Broadcast Address 10 0 6 255 066 Boot Server Host Name 10 0 6 12 Bootfile Name Full D S cfg 255 CMTS User Manual 25 Version 3 0 33 CPE Pool Mandatory 259 259 259 0 Router G ateway 10 0 6 254 DNS Servers 192 116 202 99 E Note You now run the prov test command from the CMTS CLI to test your CMTS and provisioning server configuration Please Refer to Chapter 6 for details on this command Part 2 Setting Up an End User Site After you have successfully completed setting up the headend site you are ready to connect a Cable Modem to an end user computer and set up an end user test site This test is usually performed using a dedicated computer at your location Setting up an end user site consists of the following stages Before You Begin Installing and Configuring the DO CSIS Modem Test the System Make sure that this
6. For instance theoretically the downstream channel can transmit 109375 PPS of 64 bytes each But each frame will have additional 6 bytes of MAC header 9 3 96 FEC and MPEG framing will also add 21 bytes for each actual 184 bytes which is 11 496 Ignoring the other overheads downstream can really transmit with these overheads just 87500 44 8 Mbps CMTS User Manual 108 Version 3 0 33 SN R and Symbol Rates If you increase the input power level CM s on your HFC network will increase their transmit power level This increases the carrier to noise ratio C N on the network but also increases distortion products The return path laser immediately enters a nonlinear mode called clipping and all communication is no longer reliable Many return lasers send short bursts above the clipping thresholds and fail on longer or successive bursts It is important not to adjust the Nominal Rx Power during CMTS normal operation Not initial setting by more than 5 dB in a 60 second interval If you increase the power level by more than 5 dB within 60 seconds Or If you decrease the Nominal Rx Power by more than 5 dB within 60 seconds Upstream interfaces on your network are forced offline SNR Recommendations DOCSIS requirements for D ownstream and Upstream SNR should be adhered to We know that Cable Modems and 5 can operate at lower levels than D O CSIS Specifications Having lower SNR values will cause errors on the system and in tum c
7. where x is the gateway IP A ddress Step 3 Define the CMTS Boot Variables 1 The default CMTS Boot Variables are configured to enable the CMTS to boot up into operational mode This section will describe the Boot Variables and what they represent Boot Image This is the first application the CMTS runs at boot time Application Image This is the CMTS software that the boot loads from the flash Contact Blonder Tongue Technical Support for the latest release available Configuration File This file keeps the entire CMTS Configuration this file is in binary format and cannot be viewed by anything other than the Blonder Tongue CMTS Configuration File editor which is provided on the CD ROM which is shipped with the product After saving the configuration with the file editor the file can be uploaded to the CMTS The CMTS configuration file will be burned to the flash and will take affect only after CMTS reboot It is not required to download a new configuration file You can modify the existing configuration file The CMTS has the ability to save your configuration file to a FTP TFTP server The utility to upload and download configuration files is located in the gt root admin flash directory 2 To configure the boot parameters you must utilize the gt root admin boot directory The commands are described later in this manual under D irectory Commands Y ou must select the method of download to be either TFTP or FTP and the serve
8. Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description CMTS User Manual auth table root cable bpi auth table Manages the attributes of each CM authorization None set show cm key seq cm expires cm lifetime cm grace time cm reset cm requests cm replies cm rejects cm invalids error code reject error string invalid error code invalid error string None show root cable bpi auth table show This command displays the auth table parameters The descriptions are explained below show show show cm key seq root cable bpi auth table cm key seq This command displays the authorization key sequence number for this CM show show show cm expires root cable bpi auth table cm expires This command displays the actual clock time when the current authorization for this CM expires 69 Version 3 0 33 Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter CMTS User Manual show
9. 4 cm snmp community root admin sec services cm snmp community The command defines the community string that will be used when sending SNMP filters to the CM set an snmp oommunity public You can input up to a 32 character string in this field set am snmp community show cm snmp community cm snmp community public cmts prov secret root admin cmts prov secret The command defines the string that will be used to authenticate CM configuration files during the registration process This command is also referred to as the MIC Message Integrity Check set cmts prov secret private 63 Version 3 0 33 Commands Example 1 Output 1 Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Special O perations You can input 32 character string in this field Default 123456 set amts prov secret show cmts prov secret cmts prov secret private Be sure to update NMS or change the CM configuration file properly before changing this value reflection mode root admin sec services reflection mode This command defines the forwarding mode used by the CMTS When reflection is on the CMTS will internally loop back any unicast message received on the upstream designated to a CM or CPE under the CMTS Broadcast messages i e ARP requests will be send to both the downstream and the NSI When reflection mode no reflection no p
10. 640 128 active 1 qam16 3 680 72 active 1 16 3 672 80 preamble start root cable modulation preamble start This command displays the preamble start offset of the IUC in this profile The preamble start is read only show show show See show command previously displayed preamble len root cable modulation preamble len 81 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual This command set the preamble length for this modulation profile in bits sd all mp2 3 Value 0 1024 Default value is the minimum needed by the implementation of the CMTS for the given modulation profile s preamblelen mp2 3 sd all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed diff encode root cable modulation diff encode This command enables or disables differential encoding for this modulation profile sd all 5 3 Value True 1 and False 2 D efault value is False 2 set diff encode mp2 1sd all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed fec error cor root cable modulation fec error cor This command determines the number of bytes that can be corrected per FEC Forwa
11. Do not open the cover under any circumstances AN Dangerous voltages inside No user serviceable parts inside Refer to qualified service personnel Explanation of Graphical Symbols AN This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of non insulated dangerous voltage within the product s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of lethal electric shock to persons A This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating maintaining and servicing instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance Failing to comply with this instruction may result in a hazard Power sources Connect this unit only to power sources specified in the O perating Instructions and as marked on the unit back This unit must be disconnected from power supply prior to servicing When disconnecting the AC power cord pull it out by the AC power plug Do not pull the cord itself Never handle the AC power plug or cable with wet hands as this could result in fire or an electrical shock Power cords should be routed to avoid being severely bent pinched or walked upon Pay particular attention to the cord from the unit to the power socket To help prevent electric shock and fire hazard avoid connecting the unit through an extension cord Do not remove or attach cables to the unit during a thunderstorm CMTS User Manual iv Version 3 0 33 LABOR
12. Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description CMTS User Manual tek expires new root cable bpi tek table tek expires new This command displays the actual clock time of the most recent show show show tek reset root cable bpi tek table tek reset Setting this object to TRUE causes the CMTS to invalidate the current active TEK s and to generate a new for the associated SID show show show key requests root cable bpi tek table key requests This command displays the amount of times the CMTS has received a K ey Request message show show show key replies root cable bpi tek table key replies This command displays the amount of times the CMTS has transmitted a Key Reply message show show show key rejects root cable bpi tek table key rejects This command displays the amount of times the CMTS has transmitted a K ey Rejects message show show show tek invalids root cable bpi tek table tek invalids This command displays the amount of times the CMTS has transmitted a TEK Invalid message 73 Version 3 0 33 Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Param
13. otherwise more limited than the standard BT limited warranty In such cases BT s warranty with respect to such third party proprietary subassembly modules and private label products will be limited to the duration and other terms of such third party vendor s warranty In addition certain products that are not manufactured but are resold by BT carry the original OEM warranty for that product The limited warranty set forth in this paragraph does not apply to any product sold by BT which at the time of sale constituted a Closeout Product BT will at its sole option either repair or replace with a new or factory reconditioned product as BT may determine any product sold by BT which at the time of sale constituted a closeout item Closeout Product which proves to be defective in materials or workmanship or fails to meet the specifications which are in effect on the date of shipment or such other specifications as may have been expressly agreed upon in writing for a period of ninety 90 days from the date of original purchase Notwithstanding the foregoing in some cases the warranty on third party software and on certain proprietary sub assembly modules manufactured by third party vendors and contained in BT products and on certain private label products manufactured by third parties for resale by BT are of shorter duration or otherwise more limited than the BT limited warranty for Closeout Products In such cases BT s warranty for Closeout
14. server ip 192 168 11 200 log level emergency 128 syslog status disabled 1 log dhcp disabled 0 Parameter server ip Full path root admin ip services syslog server ip Description The command sets the Syslog server IP address Syntax sd server ip X X X X Where x is the IP Address of the Syslog Server Commands show s standard commands Example 1 show server ip CMTS User Manual 59 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 server ip 192 168 11 200 log level root admin ip services syslog log level The command sets the Syslog log level s amp log levd 127 Minimum level of messages will be sent to Sys Log server For example when the Sys Log level is set to 129 then Alert and Emergency will be sent to the Sys Log server and other messages will not be sent The following are the Sys Log levels SYSLOG NONE 127 SYSLOG EMERGENCY 128 SYSLOG ALERT 129 SYSLOG CRITICAL 130 SYSLOG ERROR 131 SYSLOG WARNING 132 SYSLOG NOTICE 133 SYSLOG INFO 134 SYSLOG DEBUG 135 show s standard commands show log level log level 127 syslog status root admin ip services syslog syslog status The command sets the Syslog status to enabled or disabled s am
15. 0 0 0 0 2 129 1764 0 down 0 0 0 0 0 3 129 1764 0 down 0 0 0 0 0 4 129 1764 0 down 0 0 0 0 0 129 1764 0 down 0 0 0 0 0 6 129 1764 0 down 0 0 0 0 0 7 129 1764 0 down 0 0 0 0 0 CMTS User Manual 96 Version 3 0 33 8 129 9 128 10 127 11 6 tx bytes tx pkts tx discards tx errors gt coc ccoccocc 169787 1671 169787 1671 0 3549 show mac description 1764 0 1764 30341646 1500 30341646 0 100000000 down 0 312 0 0 0 0 up 312 0 0 0 0 up 0 169787 3554 0 0 Blonder Tongue CMTS Mac Interface type docsCableMaclayer 127 mtu 1500 speed 30341646 physical address 00 01 28 00 12 admin status up operation status up 00h 40m 06s 1444765 23458 rx discards 0 last change rx bytes rx pkts rx errors tx bytes 188431 tx pkts tx discards tx errors 0 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 CMTS User Manual description root interfaces description Displays the interface description as defined by the DOCSIS MIB none display only show mac See show mac command above index root interfaces index Displays the index number as defined by the DOCSIS MIB none display only show 97 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Outpu
16. 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 CMTS User Manual 84 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 CMTS User Manual set all root cable upstream group set all The command defines the group status of the upstream interface E When performing the set all command your upstream channel will be down Modems must reconnect sd all 3 Value 1 8 for upstream channel sd all 3 set all 3 frequency 17000000 gt width 3200000 gt modulation profile 1 gt rx backoff start 1 gt rx backoff end 3 gt tx backoff start 2 gt tx backoff end 9 gt group id 0 gt automatic iri 1 nominal rx power 0 gt rx tolerance 2 gt admin status root cable upstream admin status The command defines the administration status of the upstream interface sd admin status 6 1 ses admin up for upstream 6 Value up 1 and down 2 sd admin status 6 1 show admin status admin status up 1 channel id root cable upstream admin status The command displays the upstream channel identifier ID show channd id show channd id or show show channel id channel id 128 frequency root cable ups
17. 2 ARP and Bridging describes the Proxy ARP module within the CMTS commands such as ARP Monitoring and Reflection Mode Part 3 Load Balancing describes load balancing techniques on the upstream channels Part 4 Cable Modem Filters describes Cable Modem filters that can be implemented Part 1 DHCP Monitoring The DHCP protocol is used to provide IP addresses and other configuration parameters for a configurable amount of time lease time Hackers can use security holes in the DHCP protocol to steal IP addresses from the D HCP server and thus create problems in the network The DHCP monitor is used to prevent this from happening DHCP servers need a unique identification for a requesting station before it can allocate an IP address to that station By default D HCP protocol uses the MAC address of the requesting station and a field called Client Identifier together to form a unique identifier for the stations in the network T his is supposed to guarantee that the server will not lease the same IP address to two different stations Hackers can mangle DHCP packets with various MAC addresses and Client Identifiers and thus cause chaos in the network The DHCP Monitor keeps track of all D HCP traffic and stores in the CMTS memory all needed details used MAC address Client ID lease time gateway address etc and verifies the consistency of the DHCP sessions along the time The DHCP monitor also verifies other means of legitimate D
18. 4 root cable upstream gt set group id 1 1 root cable upstream gt set group id 2 1 we here tell upstream 2 to bdong to group 1 root cable upstream gt show channel id admin status frequency up up down down down down down down co 10 7 Ne rx backoff start rx backoff end tx backoff start IL L2 pL U CO CO CO CO WW C2 H registered active cms cms CMTS User Manual 21000000 25000000 29000000 33000000 37000000 41000000 5000000 9000000 B2 B2 B2 B2 MY average 3200000 3200000 3200000 3200000 3200000 3200000 3200000 3200000 modulation profile slot size CO CO CO CO CO CO tx backoff end group id CO O CO CO CO CO cO co automatic nominal bitrate 93 iri TX power 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX tolerance 0 2 0 2 Version 3 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 root debug Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories commands Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual debug root debug Directory for debug tools Debug tools can only be use while serial connected to the CMTS You cannot use the debug command via telnet None dump map
19. 46000 se tek lifeime 46000 show tek lifetime tek lifetime 46000 auth requests root cable bpi auth requests The command displays the number of times the CMTS has received an Authorization Request message from any CM show auth requests or show show auth requests show auth requests auth requests 0 auth replies root cable bpi auth replies The command displays the number of times the CMTS has transmitted an Authorization Reply message to any CM show auth replies or show show auth replies show auth replies auth replies 0 auth rejects root cable bpi auth rejects 68 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 The command displays the number of times the CMTS has transmitted an Authorization Reject message to any CM show auth rgeds or show show auth rejects show auth rejects auth rejects 0 auth invalids root cable bpi auth invalids The command displays the number of times the CMTS has transmitted an Authorization Invalid message to any CM show auth invalids or show show auth invalids show auth invalids auth invalids 0 root cable bpi auth table Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub D irectories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter
20. 8 User Manual Version 3 0 3 Build 3000 LABORATORIES INC Important N otice Copyright 2004 Blonder Tongue Laboratories Inc All Rights Reserved Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation All other product names trademarks or registered trademarks are property of their respective owners Technical Support Telephone technical support during normal business hours is available Please contact us at Blonder Tongue Laboratories Inc One Jake Brown Road Old Bridge NJ 08857 Tel 800 523 6049 Fax 732 679 4353 E mail tech blondertongue com Ask for the Technical Support Department Office hours are 8 30 AM 4 30 PM EST Monday thru Friday CMTS User Manual ii Version 3 0 33 LABORATORIES INC BLONDER TONGUE SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT READ BEFORE COPYING INSTALLING OR USING Do not use or load this software and any associated materials collectively the Software until you have carefully read the following terms and conditions By loading or using the Software you agree to the terms of this Agreement If you do not wish to so agree do not install or use the Software LICENSE This Software is licensed for use only in conjunction with Blonder Tongue BT pour Use of the Software in conjunction with non BT products is not licensed hereunder e to the terms of this Agreement BT grants to You a nonexclusive nontransferable license under BT s copyrights to use modify and copy
21. 9 CMTS 15 21 CMTS and Modulator Rack Attachment 14 CMTS and Modulator Connection Set UD c eui etr 14 CMTS Configuration Using Terminal Commandis enne 20 Connection Diagram 16 Connections CMTS aen nocet 15 DHCP 10 DNS Server Address 10 DOCSIS Modem 26 28 End User SEE Ups eto eddie 26 End User Test Site 26 Ethernet Connection 13 Ethemet N etwork Checklist 13 Ethemet Network Parameters Pr patatiOn iecit then 7 Fixed IP Address 10 Fixed Value Attenuators 10 H eadend Site CMTS User Manual Preparation 9 HyperTerminal 21 IF RF Agile Modulator Support 9 Internet 10 Intemet Router Information 10 IP addte58 ii oso tutes 10 IP Pool Range 11 Management Computer 21 QuarterBack CMTS Iristallalon sco eos 14 OVERVIEW du dett ree Datus 4 RF Cable 15 RF Network Connecting to 17 Preparation 9 22 2 10 Shell Directory RO Obes 43 System 45 46 48 50 53 54 55 57 59 60 62 64 67 69 72 74 78 83 89 94 96 101 Site Preparation 7 Spectrum Analyz
22. E Note The DHCP Monitor keeps the leases as long as they are alive and the CMTS is on A lease will be deleted only if the owner released the address or the lease time is over If the lease time in the DH CP server is infinite than the leases command will show N ever Expires CPE Static IP addresses will not be shown as they were not configured through DHCP unless they were previously downloaded using the ARP static database file Command Description Notes Syntax Command Description Notes CMTS User Manual prov test This command tests the provisioning system according the current DHCP configuration the CMTS is running This command is utilized when testing your DHCP server TFTP server and network configuration This test covers most common configurations In some configurations the command will result in test failure where actually system configuration is still correct prov test ping nsi Pings an IP address on the Network Side Interface of the CMTS None 42 Version 3 0 33 Syntax ping nsi n y wherex IP address and y is an optional number of messages to send Command ping rfi Description Pings an IP address on the RF Interface of the CMTS Notes None Syntax ping rfi x x x x n y wherex IP address and y is an optional number of messages to send Command reboot D escription Reboots the system Syntax reboot Command save Description Saves all parameters that can be
23. Software internally for Y our own development and maintenance purposes OWNERSHIP OF SOFTWARE AND COPY RIGHTS Title to all copies of the Software remains with BT or its suppliers The Software is copyrighted and protected by the laws of the United States and other countries and international treaty provisions You may not remove copyright notices from the Software BT may make changes to the Software or to items referenced therein at any time and without notice but is not obligated to uo or update the Software Except as otherwise expressly provided BT grants no or implied right under BT patents copyrights trademarks or other intellectual property rights You may transfer the Software only if the recipient agrees to be fully bound by these terms and if you retain no copies of the Software EXCLUSION OF OTHER WARRANTIES EXCEPT AS PROVIDED ABOVE THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF KIND INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY NONINFRINGEMENT OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Blonder Tongue does not warrant or assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any information text graphics links or other items contained within the Software LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN NO EVENT SHALL BT OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOST INFORMATION ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO
24. Upstream from Modems Channel Modulator Channel Modulator Diplexer RF Amplifier Channel Modulator Fig A Plants with off site combining networks and feeds The Blonder Tongue CMTS does not necessarily have to be located in the same space as the combining network In cases where the video is fed from an off site location the CMTS downstream and upstream signals are inserted at the property amplifier Please refer to Fig B CMTS NTSC 44 Mhz IF Input PAL 36 125 Mhz IF Input a d ombined Data an 1 5 65 Mhz Upstream Video Signal to RF from Modems Distribution Upconvertor B 101 858 Mhz Downstream to Modems Downstream 50 857 Mhz 1 Upstream 5 65 Mhz Video Feeds Directional Coupler RF Amplifier Se BAAN aR IRR A AS camer rem ENUMERARE ESTA d Fig B CMTS User Manual 18 Version 3 0 33 Step 2 Calculating Downstream Attenuation to Fig A and above for the following definitions IF OUTPUT Index A of the Blonder Tongue CMTSis 44Mhz signal for DOCSIS and 36 125Mhz for EuroD OCSIS that is inserted into the Upconverter for the downstream D ata Channel The channel assignment is handled by the Upconverter only The Blonder Tongue CMTS has an output power of 40
25. a lab environment the following steps are performed Step 1 Attaching the CMTS and Upconverter to a Rack Step 2 Connecting the RF Cable to the CMTS For this step you will need One Blonder Tongue CMTS One Upconverter Four RF cables Different Lengths Attenuators at least 40 db Step L Attaching the CMTS and Upconverter to a Rack Attach the CMTS and Upconverter to a standard 19 rack or place them on your desktop Make sure to leave a distance of at least 4 5 cm between them CMTS User Manual 14 Version 3 0 33 Step 2 Connecting the Cables to the CMTS The following describes the connectors that appear on the rear panel of the Blonder Tongue CMTS OQ Q Q 3 4 5 6 7 Upstream RF Inputs Rear Panel View explained right to left below Power 110 220 Volt at 50 60 Hz The voltage connector is auto sensing which allows you to input any voltage without configuring the power connector Upstream RF Input F Connector D epending on the configuration ordered you can have up to eight 8 RF upstream data inputs to the CMTS IF Out F Connector on the left The downstream data output from the CMTS modulated on an IF frequency LAN 10 100Base T connector 10Base T connector for Ethemet connection The connector denotes a straight through cable should be used The x denotes it be connected directly to a switch or cross over cable should be used To co
26. and verification of the defect BT at its option will either repair replace or issue a credit for products determined to be defective BT s liability and responsibility for defective products is specifically limited to the defective item or to credit towards the original billing All such replacements by BT shall be made free of charge the delivery point called for in the original order Products for which replacement has been made under the provisions of this clause shall become the property of BT Under no circumstances are products to be returned to BT without BT s prior written authorization BT reserves the right to scrap any unauthorized retums on a no credit basis Any actions for breach of this contract must be commenced by Buyer within thirteen 13 months after the cause of action has accrued A copy of BT s standard terms and conditions of sale including the limited warranty is available from BT upon request Copies of the limited warranties covering third party proprietary sub assembly modules and private label products manufactured by third parties are also available from BT on request VideoCipher amp DigiCipher are registered trademarks of Motorola Corp CMTS User Manual 115 Version 3 0 33 Index Attenuation Upstream Signal 17 Attenuation Level 9 Basic Configuration 8 Boot 8 Channel Frequencies
27. bps Fast E theng full duplex icaomgne started A ttaching network interface 100 done priority tasks active CLI initialized Initializing C hanl M gr Initializing C hanl M gr done Blonder TongeCMTS HW REV 1 1 VENDOR Blonde TongieL TD BOOTR 2 0 0 8 gt gt SW V Jan 21 2005 02 28 08 ants 3 0 3 30 1 gt gt build 3080 arpm init 0 snmpmm init 0 dhom init 0 radiusm init 0 Restoring saved configuration data SN MP config success PCI DMA test passed Map 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 1 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots Map 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 2 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots le oo Map 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 3 enable with advance time 102 minislots 5000 100 usec m Upstream 4 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 5 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 6 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots Map 5000 100 usec mslot U pstream 7 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 8 enable with advance time 102 minislots symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 Map 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 1 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 Map 5000 100 usec mslot Upstream 2 MA P enable with advance time 102 minislots symbolR ate 16 modulation 1 slot Lon
28. command above tx discards root interfaces tx discards Displays the number of discarded packets transmitted on the interface selected EURODOCSIS DOCSIS Specification defines discards as the number of outbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher layer protocol One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space show show show See show or show mac command above 1 root interfaces tx errors Displays the number of packets with errors transmitted on the interface selected EURODOCSIS DOCSIS Specification defines errors as the number of outbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher layer protocol For character oriented or fixed length interfaces the number of outbound transmission units that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher layer protocol show 100 Version 3 0 33 Commands show Example 1 show Output 1 See show or show mac command above root modems Directory Directory modems Directory path root modems Description Displays cable modem information and resetting of cable modems Sub Directories None Commands Parameters show reset cm reset all index service id ranging state up id ip address mac address power adj freq offset time offset Special O perations None Param eter sh
29. downstream If destination address is unicast and this address was NOT learned to be on the RFI send the packet to the NSI When reflection is off secured mode the forwarding rules Upstream only for an Blonder Tongue CMTS are 1 2 Never send an upstream frame to the downstream Always send to NSI Use a special Proxy ARP that will answer all ARP requests with the MAC address of the router When the router will receive the frame it will decide according to its policies configuration and packet destination whether to send it back on the same interface which will cause this packet to go back to the downstream We refer to this mode as secured because it prevents intrusions of unauthorized users to other machines using broadcast messages and it allows a single point of configuration the router to block some types of packets from being forwarded Part 3 Load Balancing between Upstream Receivers The CMTS offers few different ways to configure load balancing between the upstream receivers The following section describes the key steps required to enable load balancing e Definition of upstream groups The Cable O perator defines sets of channels within the CMTS domain A valid set must assure that when a CM has joined one channel in the group it can physically join the other channels in the same group e Within each group the CMTS can perform load balancing according to one of the following policies 1 Average channel bit rat
30. dump ucd debug cm debug cm syslog debug dhcp drops None dump map root debug dump map The command displays dumps an upstream map dump map 1 dump map 1 dump map 1 current count 4524786 0x450af2 2 00 00 34 ff ff Management Hdr DA 01 e0 2f 00 00 01 SA 00 01 cb 28 00 12 LEN 022 00 SSAP 00 Ctl 03 V er 01 Type 03 rsvd 00 MAP Hdr US 1 UCD 1 Elem 3 Rsvd 0 Alloc Start 06450b40 Ack Time 0644bd1f Rngstart 1 RngEnd 3 D ataStart 2 D ataEnd9 IE 0 SID 0x3fff IUC 0x01 Offset 0x 0 IE 1 SID 0Ox3fff IUC 0x01 Offset 0x 1 IE 2 SID 0x 010 0 07 Offset 0x 78 dump ucd root debug dump ucd The command displays an upstream UCD Upstream Channel Descriptor info dump ual 1 dump ual 1 dump ucd us channel id 1 ds channel id 128 mini slot size 8 ucd count 1 94 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Parameters Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 frequency 9000000 symb rate 16 debug cm root debug debug am The command tells the CMTS to display information about specific cable modem to the console Only one CM can be debugged at the same time Off tums off cm debugging Rng will show ranging information on the CM Reg will show registration information on this CM Dhcp will show DHCP information on this CM Sm will show station maintenance grants issued for this CM All will show all of the above for this deb
31. of the gateway as discovered by the CMTS at initialization show gateway mac show show gateway mac gateway mac 00 20 78 d6 5c eb write root admin boot write The write command saves the current boot parameters write write write writes boot parameters to nvram write success root admin flash Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 CMTS User Manual flash root admin flash Manages the Runtime flash images None download image download config upload config None download image root admin flash download image This command is used to download new application image from a server download image tftp 192 168 11 200 3 0 3 300b3000 download image download image tftp 192 168 11 200 3 0 3 300b3000 53 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Start download APP IMAGE A 3 0 3 300b3000 host 192 168 11 200 File has MD 5 chksum hdr Verifying file Overload control level 1 is on Writing to flash 51 55 59 4 68 72 77 81 85 89 94 98 100 File write to flash success Overload control is off download config root admin flash download config This command downloads anew configu
32. refer to Chapter 6 for command relay ip The relay ip is configured for the CMTS to relay the DHCP request In this case the relay IP address is set to 172 0 11 4 This address should usually be from the subnet of the pool defined in the DHCP server and MUST not conflict with any other addresses on the 172 0 11 0 subnet Make sure there is proper routing between the DHCP Server and this address Please refer to Chapter 6 for command relay gateway The relay gateway is the address of the router if the DHCP server is behind the router or IP address of the DHCP server it self if the D HCP server is connected to the CMTS Ethemet segment as illustrated in step 14 Please refer to Chapter 6 for command dhcp server This is the IP address of the DHCP server Please refer to Chapter 6 for command append remote id When enabled the CM MAC Adaress is appended to the original DHCP requests sent by both modems and CPE A DHCP server can identify the CPE by the addend CM MAC Address to the CPE DHCP requests and to use this information to logically link a CPE to the CM The DHCP module in the CMTS is using a DHCP relay option number 82 According to the DOCSIS standard the CMTS must append this option to the DHCP traffic forwarded but if the DHCP server is not using it then it should be disabled Note that the CMTS will act in this matter according to this configurable setting regardless of the relay status Please refer to Chapter 6 for command
33. router Step 2 Define the CMTS IP Address N etmask and Gateway 1 2 Turn On the CMTS Watch the Serial Terminal and wait for a login prompt Logging into the CMTS There are two different login names available admin and usr The admin login has full read write capabilities and the user login only has read capabilities e g Login admin Enter D efault password for the Admin login name is operator The default password for the User login is password Refer to Chapter 6 Commands Reference to change the passwords e g Password Enter The CMTS will need to be configured with IP addresses defined by the Network Administrator Change to boot directory eg gt root gt cd admin boot Enter To display the boot parameter in the CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt show Enter ip address 192 168 111 120 ip mask 255 255 255 0 gateway 192 168 111 1 boot server 192 168 111 150 boot method tftp app pathname 3 0 3 300b3000 boot pathname boot v2 0 0 7 config pathname deault evc CMTS User Manual 22 Version 3 0 33 update app update boot update config username password 0 0 0 ftp ftp gateway mac 00 01 aa bb oc 01 7 To set the IP address in the CMTS Syntax s amp ip addres where x is the IP address 8 set the IP Netmask in the CMTS Syntax sd ip mask X X X X wherex is the netmask 9 To set the IP Gateway in CMTS Syntax sd gateway X X X X
34. show show cm lifetime root cable bpi auth table cm lifetime This command displays lifetime in seconds the CMTS assigns to an authorization key for this CM show show show cm grace time root cable bpi auth table cm grace time This command displays grace time for the authorization key in seconds show show show cm reset root cable bpi auth table cm reset When setting this command it affects the current CM authorization key sd reg 00 30 54 09 96 sd reg 00 30 54 09 96 show cm requests root cable bpi auth table cm requests This command displays number of times the CMTS has 5215 an Authorization Request message from this CM ow show show cm replies root cable bpi auth table cm replies This command displays number of times the CMTS has transmitted an Authorization Request message to this CM show show show cm rejects 70 Version 3 0 33 Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax CMTS User Manual root cable bpi auth table cm reje
35. the specified directory If no directory is specified then it only displays directories under the current directory None dir rdir Displays all items under the specified directory and down to the bottom of the Shell directories tree If no directory is specified it displays all directories under the current directory None rdir tdir 41 Version 3 0 33 Description Notes Syntax Command Description Notes Syntax Command Description Notes Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Displays all items under the specified directory in a directory tree If no directory is specified then it all displays all directories under the current directory in a directory tree None tdir logout Logouts the current user from the system and enables login of a new user Maximum of eight 8 telnets are supported None logout leases Display the leases of Cable Modems Customer Premise Equipment or static static leases Leases will be removed when the device performs a release or the lease time is over None leases m qe static leases cm CM MAC 00 04 BD E 3 96 60 IP 172 0 11 13 GW 172 0 11 1 Ends in 811 secs CM MAC 00 30 54 FF 3F E9 IP 172 0 11 12 GW 172 0 11 1 Ends in 813 secs CM MAC 00 30 54 FF BF 80 IP 172 0 11 16 GW 172 0 11 1 Ends in 797 secs CM MAC 00 30 54 FF CE 96 IP 172 0 11 11 GW 172 0 11 1 Ends in 815 secs CM MAC 00 30 54 FF D2 2B IP 172 0 11 18 GW 172 0 11 1 Ends in 802 secs
36. toward the US board and try again Step 10 Once it is inserted then use the screw in Step 7 and tighten the board to the main chassis Step 11 Take the barrel nut in Step 9 and tighten the nut toward the chassis Then take the barrel nut in Step 8 and place it on the F connector and tighten D o not over tighten or the US board will twist out of its socket Step 12 Place cover back on CMTS by inserting the 16 flathead Phillips screws in Step 3 Step 13 Place CMTS back in rack and connect power RF and Ethernet cables Step 14 Power CMTS back on Step 15 Refer to Chapter 5 for configuring the US channel s CMTS User Manual 106 Version 3 0 33 APPENDIX D DOCSIS Notes Interleave E ffect Electrical burst noise from amplifier power supplies and utility powering on the downstream path can cause errors in blocks This will cause worse problems with throughput quality than errors that are spread out from thermal noise In an attempt to minimize the affect of burst errors a technique known as interleaving is used which spreads data over time By intermixing the symbols on the transmit end then reassembling them on the receive end the errors will appear spread apart Forward error correction FEC is very effective on errors that are spread apart A relatively long burst of interference can cause errors that can be corrected by FEC when using interleaving Since most errors occur in bursts this is an efficient way to improve the er
37. used by the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Logging on to the System The Shell system is available only via Serial or Telnet connection to the CMTS A maximum of eight 8 concurrent T elnet sessions is supported Once the CMTS is assigned IP address ateway and Subnet using the Serial terminal EMS Client may be used to complete the configuration D efault logins are admin and the password is operator Full Read Write Capabilities user and the password is password Read Only Capabilities General N otes Useonly valid commands and symbols described in this document A directory may consist of variables sub directories or special operations items Each user has special access rights to each item in the Shell system according to the user s authorization Symbols used by the Shell system are R Indicates that this item is read only for the current user only for dir rdir show rshow commands CMTS User Manual 39 Version 3 0 33 RW Indicates that this item is read write for the current user only for dir rdir show rshow commands VAR Indicates that this item is a variable used only in dir rdir commands lt DIR gt Indicates that this item is a sub directory used only in dir rdir commands COM Indicates that this item is a command When executing local directory commands that have the same name as aglobal command the global commands will not be execute
38. 0 3 30053000 boot pathname boot v2 0 0 7 config pathname deault evc update app 0 update boot 0 update config 0 usemame ftp password ftp gateway mac 0 01 aa bb oc01 Set the path in the CMTS e g gt root admin boot set app pathname 3 0 3 300b3000 Enter Set the TFTP FTP server IP Check if O K e g gt root admin boot gt set boot server 192 168 111 1 Enter Set the Boot Method in the CMTS FTP or TFTP e g gt root admin boot set boot method ftp Enter B Note If you are using FTP you must configure username and password If you are using TFTP you do not need to modify these parameters Set the FTP username in the CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt set username ftp Enter Set the FTP password in the CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt set password ftp Enter Enable the application boot parameter in the CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt set update app 1 Enter Verify all setting by displaying the variables in the CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt show Enter Save the parameters in CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt write Enter Reboot the CMTS e g gt root admin boot reboot Enter then enter y CMTS User Manual 31 Version 3 0 33 CMTS will reboot now A re you sure y n Rebooting 2 Note The next couple of pages will display the download and rebooting of the CMTS ROM Checksum test C omplete SRAM
39. 108 SNR AND SYMBOL RATES E E aneian 109 feme 111 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 8 iepr E SoN IEO USES NEE oeno Sa sr SE SEE EEEE Siea 112 BLONDER TONGUE LIMITED 114 OPETE UD PCI CE DD EE I CMTS User Manual 3 Version 3 0 33 CHAPTER 1 Introduction This chapter introduces the Blonder Tongue CMTS describes the system components presents a system diagram and lists its technical specifications About this chapter What is the Blonder Tongue CMTS describes the components and features of the Blonder Tongue CMTS CMTS Main Features and Benefits describes the Blonder Tongue CMTS main features and benefits What is the Blonder Tongue CMTS Blonder Tongue s CMTS is aDOCSIS EuroD OCSIS based CMTS Cable Modem Termination System head end unit It is an ideal solution for cable operators of any size seeking a standard scaleable and cost effective solution for delivering broadband services over cable networks Conceptually the CMT S converts Ethemet digital data to RF signals and vice versa allowing two way transmission of digital data over coaxial cable or Hybrid Fiber Coax HFC networks It requires a two way capable network to function In the downstream directio
40. 2 3 show See show command previously displayed root cable upstream Directory Directory Directory path CMTS User Manual upstream root cable upstream 83 Version 3 0 33 Description Manages the upstream group parameters Sub Directories group Parameters set show set all admin status channel id frequency width modulation profile slot size rx backoff start rx backoff end tx backoff start tx backoff end group id registered cms active cms average bitrate automatic iri nominal rx power rx tolerance Special O perations None Parameter show Full path root cable upstream show D escription The command displays the upstream channel configuration the descriptions are explained below Syntax show Commands show Example 1 show Output 1 channel id admin status frequency width modulation profile slot size 1 up 21000000 3200000 1 8 2 up 13000000 3200000 1 8 3 down 17000000 1600000 1 8 4 down 29000000 3200000 2 8 5 down 25000000 3200000 1 8 6 down 5000000 3200000 1 8 7 down 33000000 3200000 1 8 8 down 37000000 3200000 1 8 rx backoff start rx backoff end tx backoff start tx backoff end group id 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 1 3 2 9 0 snr registered active average automatic nominal rx cms cms bitrate iri rx power tolerance 24 0 0 988 1 0 2 27 28 0 657 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 10 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
41. 30 to 1440 The default value is 720 s amp billing period 1440 show s standard commands show billing period biling period 1440 inactive timeout root admin ip services radius inactive timeout The command sets the time in seconds before a cable modem is declared inactive The range is from 60 to 3660 seconds The default value is 60 seconds set inadive timeout 120 show s amp standard commands show inactive timeout inactive timeout 120 shared secret root admin ip services radius shared secret The command defines the Radius server authentication shared secret The default value should not be changed Contact Blonder Tongue support team if you want to use an alternate Radius server N A show s amp standard commands Note The shared secret should not be changed until the N MS supports the change secondary server ip root admin ip services radius secondary server ip The command sets the secondary radius server IP address for redundancy purposes set primary sarver ip X X X X where x is the IP Address of the secondary Radius server show s standard commands show secondary server ip secondary server ip 192 168 11 6 current server ip root admin ip services radius current server ip displays the currently used radius server IP address ow show standard command show current server ip current server ip 192 168 11 200 ack messages root admin ip servi
42. 745gf657 update provisioning succeeded 45 Version 3 0 33 root admin access control Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 access control root admin access control Manage the shell access control parameters and enables the management of stations access which enhances CMTS security access station table and shell access control set show enable access stations None show root admin show This command displays the status of the access station list show show show enable access stations disable enable access stations root admin access control enable access stations This command sets the status of the access station list You must configure the access station list in the root admin access control access station table directory prior to enabling this command set enable acvess stations disable 0 enabl 1 set enable access stations 1 No output provided root admin access control access station table Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual access station table root admin access control access station table Manages the access station table para
43. ATORIES INC The CMTS must be installed near a wall power outlet Do not place heavy objects on top of the box Do not try to bend the box Environmental Conditions for the CMTS This unit must be installed in an office environment in a temperature controlled location where the temperature is between 0 and 40 Celsius far away from rain water sources heat sources inflammable liquids inflammable vapors dust and flammable materials If installed in a rack air ventilation should be provided for CMTS The surrounding temperature inside the rack around the CMTS should not be over 402 Celsius Do not impair the airflow around the CMTS especially near the air vents located at the sides of the unit as shown in the figure below This may result in a hazard CMTS was designed to work at heights between 200 meters below sea level and to 2000 meters above sea level Ifthe CMTS is brought in from a cold place to a hotter place condensation may occur Wait one hour before connecting to power CMTS User Manual v Version 3 0 33 LABORATORIES INC About This Manual This manual describes how to prepare your site and install the Blonder Tongue CMTS system It is intended for qualified engineers familiar with RF and IP Internet Protocol networks This guide contains the following chapters Chapter 1 Introduction introduces the Blonder Tongue CMTS system describes its components and provides techni
44. Connect the CMTS to the Management Computer Step 2 Define the CMTS IP Gateway and TFTP Server Addresses Step 3 Define the CMTS Boot Variables Step 4 Save Changes and Reboot the CMTS Step 5 Setup the DCHP server CMTS User Manual 20 Version 3 0 33 Step 1 Connect the CMTS to the Management Computer Before you begin ensure the following Your management computer is on The CMTS power is turned O FF Your management computer has HyperTerminal or another terminal emulation package installed 1 Connect the Ethernet cable to the CMTS as follows e Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the PC s Network Ethernet switch e Connect the other side of the Ethernet cable to one of the CMTS 10 100BaseT ports 2 Connect the serial cable supplied Serial Cable is a straight thru cable M F to the computer serial port and the serial port on the front of the CMTS Cable diagram is located in Appendix B 3 Open the HyperTerminal application 8 HyperTerminal on your management computer and establish the connection by entering a connection name 4 The COM Properties dialog box is displayed Enter the parameters as shown below and click O CMTS User Manual 21 Version 3 0 33 Port Settings Bits per second 57600 Data bits e Stop bits E Elow control E Parity None Restore Defaults Cancel You are now ready to connect the Blonder Tongue CMTS to the management computer and
45. HCP frames to make sure they were not mangled The DHCP Monitor blocks illegal or inconsistent packets and drops them Part 2 ARP and Bridging The Blonder Tongue CMTS can handle the ARP request and replies in different ways The CMTS must have a proper configuration if it is required to allow communication between the different entities on the network ARP works by broadcasting a packet to all hosts attached to an Ethernet The packet contains the IP address the sender is interested in communicating with Most hosts ignore the packet The target machine recognizing that the IP address in the packet matches its own retums an answer CMTS User Manual 35 Version 3 0 33 Hosts typically keep cache of ARP responses based on the assumption that IP to hardware address mapping rarely change CPE Traffic Flow with CMTS The Blonder Tongue CMTS provides configuration options that disable internal bridging which stops any traffic loop back from upstream to downstream inside the CMTS The external router decides if back packets should be routed to the downstream To enable two CPEs to talk IP under the same CMTS a special Proxy ARP module is included in the software This module will reply to CPE ARP requests with the CPE gateway MAC address as learned by the CMTS from the CPE DHCP response The CPE will send the IP Packets to the gateway The gateway can choose to loop them back to the downstream direction The CMTS supports mult
46. Installing and Configuring the E uroDOCSIS DOCSIS Modem Install and configure the EuroDOCSIS DOCSIS modem by following instruction the modem s documentation The first time the modem connects to system can take a few minutes Usually the modem has a LED describing the status of the connection Be sure that the LED shows the modem is connected Test the System Now that the modem is successfully connected to the system ping the server to check the connection 1 You need to be sure your PC has received a valid IP address A valid IP address will be an address that belongs to the pool defined as the CPE s pool Some operating systems require a user intervention to get an IP Address On Microsoft O perating Systems use ipconfig renew from command line or winipcfg exe windows 95 8 to renew which requests an IP address for your PC Refer to your OS user manual To ping the server open a Command Prompt window Enter the following command ping server ip address Congratulations you have just successfully installed your Blonder Tongue CMTS CMTS User Manual 28 Version 3 0 33 CHAPTER 4 Upgrade Instructions This chapter discusses procedures to upgrade the Blonder Tongue CMTS software Always refer to the release notes to learn about the possible last minutes changes in this procedure To obtain the latest software see A ppendix Contading Blonder ongue About this chapter Prerequisites before performing an upgrad
47. LAN to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a second set of addresses for external traffic A NA T box located where the LAN meets the Intemet makes all necessary IP address translations NAT serves two main purposes Security Provides a type of firewall by hiding internal IP addresses Minimizes Cost aLAN that uses private IP Addresses needs only few public ones nternet connection type and line speed CMTS User Manual 11 Version 3 0 33 following drawing illustrates the components required EMS Server Functions The EMS Server is a web based utility that allows remote management of the BT CMTS unit Using the NMS software an operator can control the following functions Provisioning and Authorization of subscribers from the database SNMP functions such as resetting DOCSIS modems MUT xU 9 display of modem logs and display of modems Se 1 220 3 25 49 2 Transmit and Receive levels T REinpulc 917 Management Reports depicting downstream usage upstream usage and system Signal to Noise Ratio Stand Alone Provisioning Server The BT CMTS is a layer 2 device that requires the following services to operate These services can be run from the EMS Remote Local server that has IP connectivity to the CMTS 1 Time of Day TOD Standalone cable headend systems can obtain the correct time of day from larger systems as part of a low main
48. MERCHANTABILITY OR ASTO ANY OTHER MATTER AND SUCH WARRANTIES SUPERSEDE ANY ORAL OR WRITTEN WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS MADE OR IMPLIED BY BT OR BY ANY OF BT S EMPLOYEES OR REPRESENTATIVES ORIN ANY OF BT S BROCHURES MANUALS CATALOGS LITERATURE OR OTHER MATERIALS IN ALL CASES BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND BT S SOLE OBLIGATION FOR ANY BREACH OF THE WARRANTIES CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE REPAIR REPLACEMENT OF THE DEFECTIVE PRODUCT SHIPPING POINT AS BT IN ITS SOLE DISCRETION SHALL DETERMINE BT SHALL IN NO EVENT AND UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES BE LIABLE OR RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL PUNITIVE DIRECT OR SPECIAL DAMAGES BASED UPON BREACH OF WARRANTY BREACH OF CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE STRICT TORT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE O R ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORYARISING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM THE SALE USE INSTALLATION OR FAILURE OF ANY PRODUCT ACQUIRED BY BUYER FROM BT All claims for shortages defects and non conforming goods must be made by Buyer in writing within five 5 days of receipt of merchandise which writing shall state with particularity all material facts concerning the claim then known to Buyer Upon any such complaint Buyer shall hold the goods complained of intact and duly protected for a period of up to sixty 60 days Upon the request of BT Buyer shall ship such allegedly nonconforming or defective goods freight prepaid to BT for examination by BT s inspection department
49. Products constituting such third party software third party proprietary sub assembly modules and private label products will be limited to the duration and other terms of such third party vendor s warranty In addition notwithstanding the foregoing i certain Closeout Products that are not manufactured but are resold by BT carry the original OEM warranty for such products which may be longer or shorter than the BT limited warranty for Closeout Products All sales of Closeout Products are final To obtain service under this warranty the defective product together with a copy of the sales receipt or other satisfactory proof of purchase and a brief description of the defect must be shipped freight prepaid to Blonder Tongue Laboratories Inc One Jake Brown Road Old Bridge New Jersey 08857 This warranty does not cover damage resulting from i use or installation other than in strict accordance with manufacturer s written instructions ii disassembly or repair by someone other than the manufacturer or a manufacturer authorized repair center iii misuse misapplication or abuse iv alteration v lack of reasonable care or vi wind ice snow rain lightning or any other weather conditions or acts of God CMTS User Manual 114 Version 3 0 33 OTHER THAN THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH ABOVE MAKESNO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ASTO THE CONDITION DESCRIPTION FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE
50. Ranging cm is in ranging process mg complete cm is in the acquire ip process 102 Version 3 0 33 Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual ip complete cm is the tftp or registration process registered cm registered but inactive registered cm is registered with active CPE none display only show See show command above up chan id root modems up chan id Displays the upstream identifier used by the specified modem none display only show See show command above ip address root modems ip address Displays the IP address used by the specified modem none display only show See show command above mac address root modems mac address Displays the MAC address of the specified modem none display only show See show command above pwr adjust root modems power adj Displays the last power adjustment sent to this CM none display only show See show command above freq offset root modem s freq offset Displays the accumulated frequ
51. Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax CMTS User Manual root admin sec services arp monitoring The command determines whether to monitor and validate ARP traffic authenticity set arp monitoring 1 where 1 is enabled and 0 is disabled set arp monitoring show arp monitoring arp monitoring enable 1 cm snmp filters root admin sec services cm snmp filters The command determines whether to set IP spoofing filters on the cable modems set an snmp filters 1 where 1 is enabled and 0 is disabled set an snmp filters show cm snmp filters cm snmp filters enable 1 Using this option requires a special CM configuration file A sample CM configuration file can be found on the installation CD max cpe per cm root admin max cpe per an The command determines the maximum number of CPEs per modem the D HCP monitor will allow through the CMTS This setting will be used as a default setting whenever this setting is missing from the CM configuration file sd max e pe a 4 where 1 is minimum and 16 is maximum set max qpe per am show max cpe per am max cpeper an
52. T CABLE BPI AUTH TABLE D RECTORY sisisissssessdsisessscasttseosasdsvvoasetvspscussiucvaseviuesuastsbvossctiubsiatssisvatestedosatiatvonactiussvuacigesiaes 69 ROOT CABLE BPI TEK TABLE DIRECTORY Jie eov t n vec p nor o Bg ve ia ra P 72 ROOT CABLE DOWNSTREAM D RECTO RY os ica cti cr ire ue d t d dr i c eere 74 ROOT CABLE MODULATION DIRECTORY cre t cora ER n e a be a ER REA T 78 ROOT CABLE UPSTREAM DIRECTORY i ceste vete mer EX Dr C ci e Rr X nr re E V A LE E E E S 83 CMTS User Manual 2 Version 3 0 33 ROOT CABLE UPSEREAM GROUP DIRECTORY tpa t E ei le te ERE ee 89 ROOT BEBUG DIREGTORY eel p otii ctp At oed itc idt Rp oce cit rd cites 94 ROOT ETHERNET DIRECTORY nadie hehe ttc tud 96 ROOT INTERFAGES DIRECTORY ite cect pios tbe dtt tie e eie i ERE oin e dv eee eee 96 ROOT MODEMS DIRECTORY 7 a temp ide ee e he toin uer c eti doses 101 CABLE DIAGRAM 104 EED DESCRIPTIONS steer a E E 105 INSERTING UPSTREAM 65 1 12 2 106 DOCSIS NOTE T 107 INTERLEAVE 107 OVERHEAD CALCULATION Saa a E e ES 108 ETHERNET PACKET PROCESSING e rt oe aie
53. TS User Manual set admin status 2 Value 1 up and 2 down set admin status 2 75 Version 3 0 33 Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual show admin status admin status down 2 channel id root cable downstream admin status The command displays the downstream channel identifier ID show channd id show channd id or show show channel id channel id 128 frequency root cable downstream frequency Actual RF frequency is set by the up converter connected to the CMTS This parameter is used for management purposes only and can be used by the management system to support load balancing between different CMTS by adding this value to the CM configuration file sd frequency 363000000 Value 0 1000000000 sd frequency 363000000 show frequency frequency 363000000 width root cable downstream width The command displays the downstream channel bandwidth in Hz The downstream channel width is read only and is automatically set by the 5 according to the downstream module used DO CDIS or EuroD O CSIS show width show width or show sh
54. USE THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF BT HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES SOME JURISDICTIONS PROHIBIT EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS THAT VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION TERMINATION OF THISAGREEMENT BT may terminate this at any time if you Me as btn Upon termination you will immediately destroy the Software or return all copies of e Software to BT This manual is also presented subject to the following conditions and restrictions This manual contains proprietary information belonging to Blonder Tongue Such information is supplied solely for the purpose of assisting properly authorized users of Blonder Tongue CMTS The text and graphics are for the purpose of illustration and reference only The specifications on which they are based are subject to change without notice Blonder Tongue is not responsible for typographical errors Due to a policy of continuous product development and refinement Blonder Tongue reserves the right to alter specifications and descriptions outlined in this publication without prior notice and no part of this publication taken as a whole or separately shall be deemed to be part of any contract for the equipment CMTS User Manual iii Version 3 0 33 LABORATORIES INC Safety Instructions AY Caution Risk of electric shock A
55. ackets will be looped internally to the downstream A Proxy ARP will enable communication between two CPE under the same CMTS if the router supports that s amp reflection mode Default 0 enables ICMP redirects se reflection mode 1 D isables IC M P redirects show reflection mode reflection mode reflection 1 None Note When using reflection mode no reflection it is strongly recommended to disable the ICMP redirect messages in the system s router root cable Directory D irectory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 CMTS User Manual cable root cable Manages cable interface commands and statistics bpi downstream modulation upstream set show physical address sync interval ucd interval max service ids invited ranging attempts insert interval map advance factor map base time ip complete timeout registration timeout None show root cable show This command displays physical address sync interval ucd interval max service ids invited ranging attempts insert interval map advance factor map base time ip complete timeout registration timeout defined for the cable interface The descriptions are explained below show show show 64 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parame
56. al channel numbers of the upstream receivers Rear LED Descriptions The rear panel of the CMTS has LEDs associated with the Ethernet ports 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 IF Out ROME NE Upstream RF Inputs The green LED link light on the right will be lit when there is a link to another Ethernet device The yellow LED traffic light on the left will be lit when Ethernet packets are being passed CMTS User Manual 105 Version 3 0 33 APPENDIX C Inserting Upstream Cards Step 1 Power down CMTS and remove cables and power cord Step 2 Remove from rack and place on flat surface such as a table Step 3 Un screw cover on CMTS there are 16 flathead Phillips screws 4 on each side and set aside Step 4 Remove cover and set aside Step 5 Use anti static wristband provided or ground your self to a valid ground source Step 6 Remove insert s in chassis it does not matter which slot the card is inserted into Step 7 Remove the screw s on the main board pertaining to the slot the US Upstream board will be inserted into Set it aside for now Step 8 Open the anti static bag s containing the US card and remove the first barrel nut on the f connector of the US card Set the nut aside for now Step 9 Insert the card from the inside by sliding the F connector through the hole Gently push the card onto the main board Do NOT Force If the card does not go in easily then screw the 224 barrel nut
57. ands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual dhcp root admin ip services dhcp Manages D HCP configurations None set show source type relay status relay ip relay gateway dhcp server append remote id None Note If there are changes in the DHCP relay the CMTS must be rebooted source type root admin ip services dhcp source type Source type is displayed with the show command show N one show source type 2 relay status inactive 0 relay ip 0 0 0 0 relay gateway 0 0 0 0 dhcp server 0 0 0 0 append remote id disabled 0 relay status root admin ip services dhcp relay status The command sets the relay status to CM or CPE set relay status 2 1 show s standard commands show source type cpe 2 relay status Active 1 relay ip 0 0 0 0 relay gateway 0 0 0 0 DHCP server 0 0 0 0 append remote id disable 0 relay ip root admin ip services dhcp relay ip The command sets the relay ip address This is an internal IP address used by the CMTS to relay the DHCP info to the DHCP server rday ip 2 where x is the relay agent IP Address show s standard commands show source type 2 relay status Active 1 relay ip 172 16 20 4 55 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 P
58. arameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual relay gateway 0 0 0 0 DHCP server 0 0 0 0 append remote id disable 0 relay gateway root admin ip services dhcp relay gateway The command sets the relay gateway address This is the router IP address if the DHCP server is located on another subnet or the DHCP server IP address if it is located on the same subnet as the CMTS set rday gateway 2 X X X X where x is the relay agent gateway IP Address show s amp standard commands show source type 2 relay status Active 1 relay ip 172 16 20 4 relay gateway 172 16 20 1 DHCP server 0 0 0 0 append remote id disable 0 dhcp server root admin ip services dhcp dhcp server The command sets the DHCP server address s amp dhep server 2 X X X X where x is the IP Address of this DHCP server show s amp standard commands show source type cpe 2 relay status Active 1 relay ip 172 16 20 4 relay gateway 172 16 20 1 DHCP server 209 34 2 6 append remote id disable 0 append remote id root admin ip services dhcp append remote id When enabled the CM MAC Address is appended to the original DHCP requests sent by both modems and CPE A DHCP server can identify the CPE by the addend CM MAC Address to the CPE DHCP requests and use this info to logically link a CPE to the CM The DHCP module in the CMTS is using a DHCP relay
59. ause the lower throughput Having a well balanced system will increase your SNR values DOCSIS Recommended SNR Values Downstream 35dB and above Upstream 26dB and above Usable SN R Values Downstream 31dB and above Upstream 21dB and above Symbol Rates Downstream In DOCSIS there are 2 different symbol rates for downstream Bit rate calculation QAM64 6Bits Symbol QAM256 8Bits Symbol Symbol Rate QAM64 5 05 Sec QAM256 5 36 M_Symbol Sec Theoretical Throughput QAM64 6 5 05 30 3 Mbit Sec QAM256 8 5 36 42 88 Mbit Sec The ES NO 10 mse is the SNR where 363 36 3 The CW error rate is important over 10 9 considered to be good CMTS User Manual 109 Version 3 0 33 Upstream DOCSIS defines the following symbol rates Upstream D ata Rates DOCSIS 1 0 amp 1 1 Symbol Bandwidth QPSK Data 16 QAM Data Rate Used K Hz Rate Kb s Rate Kb s 1280 1280 2560 1280 1600 2560 5120 2560 3200 5120 10240 QPSK 2Bits Symbol QAMIG 4 Bits Symbol QPSK 2 bit symbol 1 28 M symbol rate 2 56 Mb in upstream 1 6Mhz 2 bit symbol 2 56 M symbol rate 5 12 Mb in upstream 3 2Mhz QAM16 A bit symbol 1 28 M symbol rate 5 12 Mb in upstream 1 6Mhz 4 bit symbol 2 56 M symbol rate 10 24 Mb in upstream 3 2Mhz CMTS User Manual 110 Version 3 0 33 APPENDIX Troubleshooting Use the following flowchart to troubleshoot your installation CMTS Hardware Tr
60. biling period 720 inactive timeout 60 shared secret secondary server ip 0 0 0 0 current server ip 192 168 11 200 ack messages 1 drop messages 0 primary server ip root admin ip services radius primary server ip The command sets the primary radius server IP address set primary server ip X X X X where x is the IP Address of the Radius Server show s standard commands show primary server ip primary server ip 192 168 11 200 enable accounting root admin ip services radius enable accounting The command enables 1 or disables 0 accounting sd enable accounting 1 where 1 enables accounting and 0 disables accounting show s standard commands show enable accounting enable accounting enable 1 57 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual billing period root admin ip services radius billing period The command defines the time between two consecutive billing events for the same cable modem The time is in minutes and range is
61. ble upstream group gt set br min threshold 1 50000 If we use bit rate then it will be meaningful root cable upstream group gt show group id group status lb method lb on join 50000 1000000 Ib on timer cm min threshold br min threshold 1 load balancing 2 both 3 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 inactive 0 both 3 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 3 inactive 0 both 3 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 4 inactive 0 both 3 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 root cable upstream group gt cd root cable upstream gt show BEFORE WE CHOOSE A SPECIFIC UPSTREAM CHANNEL channel id admin status frequency width 1 up 21000000 3200000 2 up 25000000 3200000 3 down 29000000 3200000 4 down 33000000 3200000 9 down 37000000 3200000 6 down 41000000 3200000 7 down 5000000 3200000 down 9000000 3200000 modulation profile slot size CO CO CO CO CO CO rx backoffstart rx backoff end tx backoffstart tx backoff end group id CMTS User Manual 92 Version 3 0 33 L2 pL LLL CO CO CO CO CO WW C2 H registered active cms cms B2 BO CO KO O CO automatic nominal bitrate iri TX power 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IX tolerance 0 2 2 0 2 10 6 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 root cable upstream gt set group id 1 we here tdl upstream 1 to bdong to group 1 0
62. cal specifications Chapter 2 Site Preparation describes the hardware software and environmental requirements necessary for the installation at the headend and end user sites Chapter 3 Installing the CMTS describes the procedure for installing the Blonder Tongue CMTS system and testing an end user site from your location Chapter 4 Upgrade Instructions describes the procedure to upgrade the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Chapter 5 Advanced Operations describes advanced commands and configuration of the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Chapter 6 Command Reference describes the commands utilized by the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Appendix A Cable Diagrams provides cable pin outs and diagrams Appendix LED Descriptions provides LED information Appendix C Inserting the Upstream Card provides instructions for Upstream Module s insertion Appendix D DOCSIS Notes provides DOCSIS RF requirements Appendix E Troubleshooting provides troubleshooting flowchart Appendix F Technical Specifications provides Technical information on the CMTS CMTS User Manual vi Version 3 0 33 Table of Contents IMPORTANT NOTIGE 5 225 etra tdt deo ier a BLONDERTONGUE SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT seen tentent tente ttes tentent SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ET E A edo dea LYRA a E ce ea IV Ex planation of Graphical Symb
63. ces radius ack messages 58 Version 3 0 33 Description This displays statistic information describing the number of acknowledgments received by the CMTS from the radius server If the radius server is connected this number should constantly increment for each billing event sent to the radius server Syntax show Commands show standard command Example 1 show ack messages Output 1 ack messages 2057 Parameter drop messages Full path root admin ip services radius drop messages Description This displays statistic information describing the number of billing events that were dropped by the CMTS because no response was received from the radius server If the radius server is connected this number should remain zero If this numbers increments then there is a problem with the radius server connection Syntax show Commands show standard command Example 1 show drop messages Output 1 drop messages 0 root admin ip services syslog Directory Directory syslog Directory path root admin ip services syslog Description Manages syslog configurations Sub Directories None Commands Parameters set show server ip log level syslog status log dhcp Special O perations None Parameter show Full path root admin ip services syslog show Description The command displays the all syslog configuration parameters The descriptions are explained below Syntax show Commands show Example 1 show Output 1
64. command sets the upstream slot size in mini slots slot size1 8 sd slot size 1 8 show See show command above mg backoff start root cable upstream mg backoff start The command defines the initial random backoff window to use when retrying Ranging Requests off start 4 4 channd amp value Value 0 15 and default 2 s amp mg back off start 4 4 show See show above mg backoff end root cable upstream rng backoff end The command defines the final random backoff window to use when retrying Ranging Requests set mg back offend 4 7 deine channd amp value Value 0 15 and default 3 set mg back off start 4 7 show 86 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual See show above tx backoff start root cable upstream tx backoff start The command defines the initial random backoff window to use when retrying D ata Requests set tx backoff start 4 4 define channd amp value Value 0 15 and default 2 set tx off s
65. computer is connected to LAN boards with proper drivers to enable the Ethernet connection Before Y ou Begin Ensure that your end user site is installed as shown in the diagram on the next page CMTS User Manual 26 Version 3 0 33 Typical Installation TV Cable Splitter Box TV Adapter Network Computer Modem Ethernet Before you begin to test the functionality of the EuroD O CSIS D O CSIS modem at an end user site Headend Site 1 Ensure the CMTS is powered ON 2 Ensure the RF wiring is attached and assembled correctly End User Site 1 Tum the end user PC on 2 Connect the EuroD O CSIS DOCSIS modem to the Ethernet card and RF network as described in the modem s documentation 3 Make sure that the Ethernet card is operational and can obtain an automatic IP address Access the Control Panel N etwork Configuration card D ouble click on the appropriate TCP IP component and ensure that it is set to O btain an IP address automatically as shown on the next page CMTS User Manual 27 Version 3 0 33 Bindings Advanced 8 06 DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration Address An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Obtain an address automatically Specify an address OK Cancel
66. ctory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual max upstreams root max upstreams Displays the maximum number of upstreams that can be utilized by the CMTS none display only show or show max upstreams show or show max upstreams max upstreams 8 admin root admin CMTS boot and services administration access control boot flash ip services and sec services set show serial log level update prov None show root admin show This command displays the logging level for the CLI console output show show show serial log level info 1 serial log level root admin serial log level This command sets the logging level for the CLI console output s amp serial loglevd none 0 info 1 D setting detailed 2 set serial log level 2 No output provided update prov root admin update prov This command is used to upgrade a Limited Users Upstreams CMTS to a full CMTS To upgrade the CMTS to more users or upstream a special key must be entered to the CMTS This key is provided by Blonder Tongue support team and is useful on a per CMTS basis update prov xxxx where is spedal key update prov 3
67. cts This command displays number of times the CMTS has transmitted an Authorization Reject message to this CM show show show cm invalids root cable bpi auth table cm invalids This command displays number of times the 5 has an Authorization Invalid message to this ow show show reject error code root cable bpi auth table reject error code This command displays the enumerated description of the Error Code in most recent Authorization Reject transmitted to the CM show show show reject error string root cable bpi auth table reject error string This command displays in most recent Authorization Reject message transmitted to the CM show show show invalid error code root cable bpi auth table invalid error code This command displays the enumerated description of the Error Code in most recent Authorization Invalid transmitted to the CM show show show invalid error string root cable bpi auth table invalid error string This command displays in most recent Authorization Invalid transmitted to ow 71 Version 3 0 33 Commands Example 1 Output 1 show show root cable bpi tek table Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub D irectories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax C
68. d only the local command will be executed Different sub directories may have items with the same names they are completely unrelated You may specify a minimum unique prefix instead of the full directory or variable name For example od sy instead od system The symbol is used when changing directories For example commands od admin boot Use the Up Down arrow keys to navigate in history of commands Usethe TAB key to auto complete directory names variable names commands and optional parameters Global Commands The following describes the global commands used in the Shell system These commands can be executed anywhere in the Shell except if the command exists already as an operational command in the current sub directory Command Description Displays all available commands at this location Notes None Syntax Command Command Description Displays next available parameters for Command Notes None Syntax show Command Command Description Displays help about Command Notes None Syntax show Command show Description Displays all variables with their respected values under the specified directory If no directory is specified the variables under the current directory are displayed Notes None Syntax show dir CMTS User Manual 40 Version 3 0 33 Command Description Notes Syntax Command Description Notes Syntax Command Descri
69. dBmV 1 dB Measure this 44Mhz or 36 125Mhz and attenuate the signal accordingly to ensure the Upconverter is not overdriven Exceeding the maximum IF INPUT level of the Upconverter can result in low Carrier to Noise ratio and poor Bit Error Rate BER performance RF OUTPUT Index B of the Upconverter is the downstream data signal T his signal is a QAM 64 256 signal and must be inserted into the RF network for distribution to the cable modems To measure the downstream signal for NTSC systems add 1 75MHz to the video carrier of the data channel i e if channel 55 is the downstream signal add 1 75 MHz to the video carrier of 409 25 MHz to get the data frequency of 411 MHz The signal level should be 6 to 10dB below the video carrier of the adjacent analog video channel The downstream data channel should reach the end user cable modem at a dBmV 8 dB If the modem received level downstream is too low the modem will have an intermittent connection If the modem receive level is too high the modem may reset or be damaged over time B Note In order forthe modems to operate the carier to noise ratio of the downstream signal received at the modem must be at least 26 dB Step 3 Calculating Upstream Attenuation to Fig A and B above for the following definition CMTS Upstream RF Inputs Index C The upstream data from the cable modems on the RF distribution retums to the CMTS in the 5 65 MHz range Some combiners do not sup
70. dend Site the Ethernet Network Parameters Preparing the Headend Site Prepare your RF Network to be compatible with the Blonder Tongue CMTS after you have prepared the management computer In this section it is assumed that your cable network is capable of two way communication supporting both Upstream return and D ownstream forward communication To prepare the RF Network you must determine the following factors Channel Frequencies and Attenuation Level Upconverter Support Spectrum Analyzer Support Fixed Value Attenuators BNC Test Port Compatibility Channel Frequencies and Attenuation Level The Blonder Tongue CMTS requires certain minimum channel frequencies The frequencies are determined by DOCSIS and EuroD O CSIS specifications Check the following downstream frequency center frequency 101 858 MHz to be used Country standard dependent It is strongly recommended to use frequencies higher than 130 MHz upstream frequencies to be used between 5MHz to 42MHz for DOCSIS 5MHz to 65MHz for Euro D OCSIS It is recommended to use frequencies 20MHz and higher attenuation of the entire cable network both upstream and downstream channels Upconverter Support An Upconverter is used to transform signals from the IF range to the RF range If you are using the Upconverter supplied by Blonder Tongue you can skip this section If you are using your own IF RF Upconver
71. e Step by step instructions to upgrade the CMTS software Part 1 Prerequisites before Performing an Upgrade After you have successfully downloaded the software from Blonder Tongue s website you must place the software in the appropriate directory for TFTP or FTP Setting up TFTP If you are utilizing TFTP make sure the service is running To verify if TFTP server is working on your server type the following in a Command Prompt window your server CA gt tftp i 192 168 111 150 get v300b3000 Transfer successful 5947045 bytes in 2 seconds 2785272 bytes 5 B Note File sizes can be large so allow time for the command to complete If the above command did not succeed then you must make sure the TFTP is configured propery on your server You can check to make sure the service is running or it is not conflicting with another TFTP program If the above command worked then you are ready to perform the upgrade instructions via TFTP below Setting up FTP 1 FTP is usually enabled on most servers however some Network Administrators restrict anonymous logins on FTP servers Blonder Tongue CMTS software allows you to set up individual user access to enable use of a secured FTP server 2 If you are utilizing Win2000 as your FTP server you can set up users using Computer Management and then you would define permissions for the directory for the FTP CMTS User Manual 29 Version 3 0 33 08 mee Dee eae Seem opcm jene Pa
72. e 2 Number of connected cable modems 3 Number of active cable modems CMTS User Manual 37 Version 3 0 33 e Balancing can be configured to operate at the CM connection time Initial Ranging or and in a periodical manner When enabling the periodical Load Balancing the CMTS will dynamically move cable modems between the channels using the Upstream Channel Change message Using this way will keep the upstream channels in a balanced state even after modems and or CPE s disconnected from the CMTS Load balancing is configured through a proprietary MIB or CLI that supports the upstream grouping and the Load Balancing Policy used for each group Note When programming the same frequency for the same upstream channels the upstream alignment will start automatically and will switch off the Load Balancing Part 4 Cable Modem Filters A EURODOCSIS DOCSIS cable modem has MIB definitions for filters that can apply by the CM to filter out some traffic based on some characteristics Among them are all common fields from the IP ae TCP header The CMTS can be configured to control these filters using the following method A CM configuration file holds two sets of filters an Initial set and an O perational set The Initial set allows only DHCP traffic to go through The Operational set allows only IP traffic from a certain source IP address When the CM is joining it receives the configuration file Until a valid DHCP discover respon
73. e attenuation process ensures that the 5 receives the appropriate signal CMTS User Manual 15 Version 3 0 33 Blonder Tongue CMTS amp Digital Upconverter Rear Panel Connection Diagram 6 3 4 5 Upstream RF Inputs Spliter or Dire ctlonal Coupler Cable Modem E Note attenuation values given here are approximate Check signal strengths using a spectrum analyzer to determine necessary attenuation Check the Upconverter specifications to ensure you input the proper signal into the Upconverter from the CMTS mg Note The Upconverter utilized must comply with DOCSIS and EuroD O CSIS requirements mg Note We recommend starting with downstream modulation of 64 QAM and upstream modulation of QPSK Other modulation types require very clean RF signals and a well balanced RF network CMTS User Manual 16 Version 3 0 33 Connecting the CMTS to a Live Cable Plant After you have successfully tested the CMTS and Upconverter in a lab environment the next step is to integrate the CMTS into the cable plant Just as in a lab environment the signal levels on a live cable plant must be measured to ensure that the Blonder Tongue CMTS and Upconverter are operating at optimum efficiency Step 1 Determining cable plant Connection method Step 2 Calculating downstream attenuation Step 3 Calculating upstream attenuation Step 4 NTSC and PAL Overlapping Channels Before starting
74. e 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual description root description Displays the hardware revision Boot code software version and date and CMTS serial number none display only show See show command above name root name The command defines the name used by the CMTS set name Value 1 64 Characters sd name Blonder ongue eadquarters show name name Blonder Tongue Headquarters location root location The command defines the location used by the CMTS set location Value 1 64 Characters s location Livermore Ca 94550 show location name Livermore Ca 94550 up time root description Displays the up time of the CMTS in days hours minutes and seconds none display only show or show uptime See show command above show uptime up time 0 days 3 hours 46 minutes 36 seconds serial root serial Displays the serial number of the CMTS none display only show or show serial show or show serial serial 00 00 00 0a 03 40 00 28 44 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 root admin Directory Dire
75. e boot Toggles from True 1 False 0 if set to true the boot application will update the boot image in the Flash on the next CMTS boot set command s amp update boot 1 show s standard commands show update boot update boot 1 update config root admin boot update config Toggles from True 1 False 0 if set to true the boot application will update the CMTS configuration file in the Flash on the next CMTS boot set command sd update config 1 show s standard commands show update config update config 1 usemame root admin boot username The ftp user name to be used if the boot method is set to ftp set command The user must match the settings in the FTP server sd username Blonder ongue show s standard commands 52 Version 3 0 33 Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 show username usemame Blonder Tongue password root admin boot password The ftp password to be used if the boot method is set to ftp set command The password must match the settings in the FTP server sd password Blonder 0111601 show s standard commands show password password Blonder Tongue01 gateway mac root admin boot gateway mac Displays the MAC address
76. e is used to calculate the scrambler bit sd all mp2 3 Value 0 32767 D efault value is the 338 sd scrambler seed mp2 512 or sd all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed max burst size root cable modulation max burst size This command determines burst length for the given IUC in the modulation profile A burst length of 0 mini slots in the Channel Profile means that the burst length is variable no limit on that channel for that burst type sd all mp2 3 Value 0 255 Default value is the minimum needed by the implementation of the CMTS for the given IUC in the modulation profile sd max burst size mp2 3 128 or s amp all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed last code word root cable modulation last code word This command determines FEC last codeword mode for the given IUC in the modulation profile D etermines if the FEC last codeword mode is shortened or fixed sd all mp2 3 Value True 1 and False 2 D efault value is False 2 s amp fec axdelen mp2 3 1 or s amp all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed scrambler root cable modulation scrambler This command determines scrambler status for the given IUC in the modulation profile Turning the scrambler off can cause packet loss and disabling the scrambler should only be used in lab testing sd all mp2 3 Value True 1 and False 2 D efault value is False 2 s amp feccodelen mp2 3 1 or s amp all mp
77. ed BPI is enabled on a per CM basis from the CM configuration file Refer to the DOCSIS RFI for more details auth table tek table set show auth lifetime tek lifetime auth requests auth replies auth rejects auth invalids None show root cable bpi show 67 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual This command displays the auth lifetime tek lifetime auth requests auth replies auth rejects auth invalids defined for the cable interface The descriptions are explained below show show show auth lifetime 604800 tek lifetime 43200 auth requests 0 auth replies 0 auth rejects 0 auth invalids 0 auth lifetime root cable bpi auth lifetime The command sets the default lifetime in seconds the CMTS assigns to a new authorization key sd auth liftime 604899 sd auth lifeime 604899 show auth lifetime auth lifetime 604899 tek lifetime root cable bpi tek lifetime The command sets the default lifetime in seconds the CMTS assigns to a new Traffic Encryption key se tek lifeime
78. ed group interface br min threshold 2 60000 Value 1 4 group ID amp Value 50000 100000 br min threshold 2 60000 show br min threshold 2 br min threshold 60000 root cable upstream group gt set group status 1 set group status of group 1 and options are inactive 0 load balandng 2 root cable upstream group gt set group status 12 wese group 1 to load balaning root cable upstream group gt set lb method 1 s load balandng method of group 1 and options CMTS User Manual are on join 1 91 Version 3 0 33 root cable upstream group gt set lb method 1 3 root cable upstream group gt set lb on join 1 root cable upstream group gt set lb on join 1 2 root cable upstream group gt set lb root cable upstream group gt set Ib on timer 1 root cable upstream group gt set lb on timer 1 on timer 2 both 3 11 we set the method of group 1 to 3 both 11 the on join best upstream will be according to bit rate 1 registered cms 2 adive ans 3 registered ans TA B Compldion E xample Ib m amp hod Ib on join Ib on timer theon timer best upstream will be according to bit rate 1 registered cms 2 adiveans 3 adiveams root cable upstream group gt set cm min threshold 1 the threshold for best upstream 2 20 root cable upstream group gt set cm min threshold 12 2 modems difference root ca
79. eflects the actual status of the interface up or down If you do not 98 Version 3 0 33 Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description CMTS User Manual have an interface physically connected the status will be displayed as down show show show See show or show mac command above last change root interfaces last change Displays the CMTS uptime on last change of the interface status show show show See show or showmac command above 1x bytes root interfaces rx bytes Displays the number of bytes received on the interface selected show show show See show or show mac command above root interfaces rx pkts Displays the number of packets received on the interface selected show show show See show or show mac command above rx discards root interfaces rx discards Displays the number of discarded packets received on the interface selected EURODOCSIS DOCSIS Specification defines discards as the number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been de
80. ency offsets of this CM none display only show See show command above time offset root modems time offset Displays the accumulated time offsets of the CM none display only show See show command above 103 Version 3 0 33 APPENDIX A Cable Diagrams DB9 M F Straight Through Cable Pin Signals Pin 1 Received Line Signal D etect N ot used Pin 2 Received D ata Pin 3 Transmitted D ata Pin 4 Data Terminal Ready DTR Not used Pin 5 Signal Ground Pin 6 Data Set Ready D SR Not used Pin 7 Request to Send RTS Not used Pin 8 Clear to Send CTS Not used Pin 9 Ring Indicator RI Not used CMTS User Manual 104 Version 3 0 33 LED Descriptions Front LED Descriptions The front panel of the CMTS has several LED S The LED matrix shows three major functions STATUS DATA and ACTIVE per upstream channel and downstream transmitter In addition AC Power PWR is also monitored STATUS will be lit when the hardware either upstream receiver or downstream transmitter is physically installed in the CMTS DATA will be lit when packets are being passed through the associate port ACTIVE will be lit when the hardware either upstream receiver module or downstream transmitter is activated in the software and operational PWR will be lit when AC Power has been turned on DS means downstream transmitter UPSTREAM means upstream receiver 1234567 8 represents the individu
81. epresents additional 200 microseconds that will be added to the look a head that is used based on the downstream interleave and modulation Long distant HFC networks and older modems may require use of additio nal look a head time s amp map advanoe factor 4 default is 0 V alue 0 10 s map advance factor s amp map advance factor 2 Upstream 1 Advance Time change to 60 minislots map base time root cable map base time The command lets the operator change the minimum map length used by the CMTS scheduler The map length is dependant of a fixed minimum and the number of pending request By default the minimum map length is 2600 microseconds Some modems appear to work better with longer maps In general small systems will have greater throughput with shorter maps For larger systems the difference is minor and the CMTS can perform better with longer maps Changing this parameter will only take affect after the channel will be restarted s amp map base time 4000 default is 2600 V alue 2200 5600 66 Version 3 0 33 Commands se map base time Example 1 sd map base time 3500 Output 1 No output for this command Parameter ip complete timeout Full path root cable ip complete timeout Description The command lets the operator control the timeout in minuets used before a CM that didn t complete a DHCP transaction will get disconnected By default this timeout is identical to the registration timeout that i
82. equired in case the Provisioning server is located on a different subnet than the CMTS The Internet router can also be used as a DHCP server in some cases Ensure that you have the following information about your Internet Router or Network Services The IP address and Subnet Mask of your Router Fixed or static IP addresses Address Short for Domain N ame System or Sevi or Saver an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Because domain names are alphabetic they re easier to remember The Internet however is really based on IP addresses Every time you use a domain name therefore a D NS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address DHCP server Short for Dynamic ost Configuration Protocol a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network With dynamic addressing a device can have a different IP address every time it connects to the network In some systems the device s IP address can even change while it is still connected DHCP also supports a mix of static and dynamic IP addresses Time of Day server that provides the Time of Day to the EURODOCSIS DOCSIS Cable modems The TOD server listens on a UDP or TCP specific port 37 On EURODOCSIS DOCSIS modems CMTS the UDP protocol is used Blonder T ongue s CMTS User Manual 10 Version 3 0 33 TOD server supports both TCP and UD P An entity wishes to know the correct time sends a
83. er Support 10 Static IP Address 10 System Components 8 Technical Specifications 112 WSN TSC 9 Version 3 0 33
84. er configuration is dependent of the server type Before configuring your server please read the server user manual How pools are defined on your network will depend on how your network is configured consult your network administrator DHCP can be utilized by networking devices such as Routers Windows and Linux servers or 3 party DHCP server for PCs Please be sure you know how to D efine IP address pools Setup the D HCP options for pool Setup Netmask Required for Modems amp CPE 003 Router Required for Modems amp CPE 004 Time Server O ptional 006 DNS Servers Required for CPE 007 Log Servers Required for Modems 015 DNS Domain Name Optional 028 Broadcast A ddress Required for Modems 066 Boot Server Host Name Required for Modems 067 Bootfile Name Required for Modems Optional Setting up IP Address reservations Optional Excluding ranges from pools The following displays the DHCP relay configuration on the CMTS to support modems getting D HCP addresses on a private network Network configurations may require private addresses for the Cable Modems and public addresses for the CPE From security reasons CMTS User Manual 24 Version 3 0 33 it is strongly recommended that the Cable Modems will use private IP addresses and public addresses will be used only for the CPE This way the CM will not be accessible from the Internet relay status The status must be activated before D HCP relay will function Please
85. errors lost packets in the D S will be seen to a point where modems start loosing connectivity and or you end up with more retransmission By increasing the interleave depth to compensate for a noisy D S path a decrease in peak CM US throughput must be factored in In most residential cases that is not an issue but it s good to understand the trade off Since the plant RTT is on the order of 0 8 ms going to a lower interleave value of less than the typical interleave depth of 32 4 at 98 ms may not provide much throughput increase G oing to the maximum interleave depth of 128 1 at 4 ms will have a significant negative impact on US throughput Notice the delay is different for 64 vs 256 QA M CMTS User Manual 107 Version 3 0 33 For upstream robustness to noise DOCSIS modems allow variable or no FEC Turning off US FEC will get rid of some overhead and allow more packets to be passed but at the expense of robustness to noise It s also advantageous to have different amounts of FEC associated with the type of burst Is the burst for actual data or for station maintenance Is the data packet made up of 64 bytes or 1518 bytes You may want more protection for larger packets There is no interleaving in the upstream currently because the transmission is in bursts and there isn t enough latency within a burst to support interleaving Some chip manufacturers are adding this feature for DOCSIS 2 0 support which could have a huge impact considerin
86. es are assigned by the operator and thus the CMTS has no way to know about them unless their uploaded to the CMTS The CMTS can upload a list of IP Address pairs and their matching Router When such a file is uploaded the CMTS stores the information in the database The ARP monitor will not operate correctly it will drop ARP packets if static IP Addresses are used and the file is not loaded to the CMTS If a change in the configuration is required a new file or an updated one can be loaded on runtime using either CLI or SNMP to tell the CMTS to update the static database CMTS User Manual 36 Version 3 0 33 Reflection Mode The Blonder Tongue CMTS is operating in a bridging mode Unlike an Ethernet network Ethernet frames sent on the upstream channel of a cable planet can not be heard by all other stations in the network To enable two Ethernet stations to communicate a CMTS must use some forwarding rules that would send some frames received on the upstream back to the downstream When reflection is on standard mode the forwarding rules Upstream only for a bridging 5 1 2 3 4 Learn which MAC addresses are on the RFI of the CMTS Whenever an Ethernet frame is received on the upstream examine the destination MAC address If destination address is the broadcast address send frame to both downstream and NSI If destination address is unicast and this address was learned to be on the RFI send the packet back to the
87. eter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 show show show key reject error code root cable bpi tek table key reject error code This command displays enumerated description of the Error Code in the most recent K ey Reject message sent in response to a Key Request for this BPI SID show show show key reject error string root cable bpi tek table key reject error string This command displays the most recent K ey Reject message sent in response to a Key Request for this BPI SID show show show tek invalid error code root cable bpi tek table tek invalid error code This command displays the Error Code in the most recent Invalid message sent in association with this BPI SID ow show show tek invalid error string root cable bpi tek table tek invalid error code This command displays the most recent TEK Invalid message sent in association with this BPI SID show show show root cable downstream Directory Directory downstream Directory path root cable downstream Description Manages downstream interface commands and statistics Sub Directories None Commands Parameters set show set all admin status channel id frequency width modulation type interleave annex CMTS U
88. ftware The Blonder Tongue CMTS configuration file editor supports remote file download and uploads which dramatically reduces the complexity and time required for installation The scalable hardware design architecture supports up to 8 upstream channels with single channel expansion cards that can be factory or field installed Security on the Internet affects all subscribers and operators The CMTS provides tools such as BPI D HCP and ARP monitoring to prevent unauthorized access and use of the internet Blonder Tongue CMTS is controlled and managed by Linux based NMS EMS an advanced features rich easy to use SN MP based operation and control system 565 MHz Upstream from Modems Channels 1 8 Network Management Souermast iare tie Hibwhg tems Hrhe CMTS operation 22 Time of Gay Serwr l DHCP Server br Modems aidCPEdeukes TFTP Serwr torest g comgiratba Nes to moge meas we Pas Dipit CUTS ook The Management Server can be located at the head end or remotely The Blonder Tongue CMTS requires DHCP TOD Time of Day and TFTP servers before cable modems will operate The recommendation is to have at least 1 8G Hz Pentium 4 with at least 1G B of memory if everything is on one computer CMTS User Manual 6 Version 3 0 33 Site Preparation CHAPTER 2 This chapter discusses the prerequisites and computer parameters to prepare before installing the Blonder Tongue CMTS as described in Chapte
89. full pathname may be required depending on the FTP TFTP server utilized set command s amp app pathname 3 0 3 300b3000 show s standard commands show app pathname app pathname 3 0 3 300b3000 boot pathname root admin boot boot pathname CMTS Boot file pathname that will be used in a boot upgrade set command sat boot pathname boot show s standard commands 51 Version 3 0 33 Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands CMTS User Manual show boot pathname boot pathname bootv2008 config pathname root admin boot config pathname CMTS Configuration file full pathname set command config pathname default evc show s standard commands show config pathname config pathname default evc update app root admin boot update app Toggles from True 1 False 0 if set to true the boot application will update the application image in the Flash on the next CMTS boot set command set updateapp 1 show s standard commands show update app update app 1 update boot root admin boot updat
90. g all the impulse noise from home appliances Overhead Calculations The actual data bandwidth that can be achieved per upstream and downstream is dependent on the number CM s connected to the system and the applications used by the CPE s In Blonder Tongue Lab tests show 8 Mbps per upstream and 48 Mbps downstream of actual data transfer in a EuroDOCSIS based system Ethemet Packet Processing The maximum theoretical rates for a Euro D OCSIS CMTS are 56 Mbps downstream and 10 Mbps From these rates we should subtract the following overheads MPEG framing e 5 header for each 184 bytes frame e 16 bytes FEC are added to each 188 bytes MPEG frame Downstream e MAC Header 6 bytes per frame e Additional Overhead for MAC management messages is estimated to be up to 2 Number of modems and number of upstream channels dependant Upstream e MAC Header 6 bytes per frame e Preamble and FEC overheads per packet and are configuration dependant Could theoretically rise to more than 10096 overhead e Mac Management messages Ranging Bandwidth Allocation Requests e Contention Slots for Ranging and Requests Total overheads calculation is very complicated and configuration dependant specially for upstream direction In most common cases the overhead is increased dramatically for small packets We estimate the average upstream overhead to be 2096 of the theoretical rate and the average downstream overhead to be 1596
91. he maximum number of concurrent Service Identifiers SID on the Blonder Tongue CMTS show max serviceids or show show max servioe ids show max service ids max service ids 3000 65 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax CMTS User Manual invited ranging attempts root cable invited ranging attempts The command displays the number of ranging solicitation attempts before the CMTS can drop a non responsive CM show invited ranging attempts or show show invited ranging attempts show invitited ranging attempts invited ranging attempts 16 insert interval root cable insert interval The command defines the time interval between two consecutive ranging opportunities tenth milliseconds set insert interval 100 Value 0 200 default 10 set insert interval 100 show physical address 00 01 28 00 12 sync interval 25 ucd interval 1000 max service ids 3000 invited ranging attempts 16 insert interval 100 map advance factor root cable map advance factor The command defines a factor that will be used by the CMTS in the calculations of the look a head time required before MAP transmissions Each unit in this factor r
92. ice for validation Asterisks will be shown on console while typing 49 Version 3 0 33 root admin boot Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub D irectories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 ip address ip mask gateway boot server boot method tftp 192 168 11 220 255 255 299 0 192 168 11 1 app pathname 2 0 15 200b1503 boot pathname V1 0 0 2 config pathname default evc 192 168 11 200 boot root admin boot Manage CMTS boot parameters None set show write ip address ip mask gateway boot server boot method app pathname boot pathname config pathname update app update boot update config username password gateway mac None show root admin boot show This command displays the boot parameters show show show update app 0 updateboot 0 update config 0 usemame anonymous password ftp gateway mac 00 20 78 46 5 ip address Full path root admin boot ip address Description CMTS IP Address set command Syntax s amp ip addres where x is the IP address Commands show s standard commands Example 1 show ip address Output 1 ip address 192 168 11 220 Parameter ip mask Full path root admin boot ip mask Description CMTS Netmask set command Syntax sd ip ndmask x x x x Where x is the netmask Com
93. index iuc control type preamble start preamble len diff encode fec error cor fec code len scrambler seed max burst size last code word scrambler None E Only experts should try to change settings in the modulation profile table Applying improper values will result in bad system performance in the best case and non working system in the worst case Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 O utput 1 show root cable upstream show The command displays the all modulation profiles defined The show command can be used with the modulation profile to only display the modulation profile desired The lines display the IUC Interval Usage Codes and each value related to the IUC The text wraps to the next line There two modulation profiles provided by default The descriptions are explained below show mp1 mp8or show show mpx wherex is the number of the modulation profile defined show mp1 modulation profile 1 request 1 initial ranging 3 periodic ranging 4 short data 5 long data 6 CMTS User Manual control type pre start pre len 1 qpsk 2 56 64 1 qpsk 2 0 128 1 qpsk 2 0 128 1 qpsk 2 48 72 1 qpsk 2 40 80 78 Version 3 0 33 false 2 0 16 338 0 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 34 338 64 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 34 338 100 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 75 338 32 false 2 true 1 false 2 8 220 338 240 false 2 true 1 modulat
94. ion Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Example of Setting up a group s amp Ib on join 4 2 show lb on join 4 lb on join4 registered cms 2 Ib on timer root cable upstream group Ib on timer This command defines the method for the best upstream selection used when performing the periodical load balancing s amp Ib on time 4 2 Value 1 4 group ID amp Value bit rate 1 registered cms 2 active cms 3 set Ib on timer 4 2 show lb on timer 4 lb on timer 4 registered cms 2 cm min threshold root cable upstream group an min threshold The command defines the threshold between the number of registered modems on one upstream and the number of registered modems on the second upstream channel to consider an upstream channel as a valid target for channel change on the selected group interface The algorithm specifies if one of the other upstreams in this group has a number of connected modems that is smaller then upstream Y by at least X X isthethreshold then direct this modem to move from channel Y to the most free upstream channel within the group s am min threshold 2 10 Value 1 4 group ID amp Value 2 20 s amp an min threshold 2 10 show am min threshold 2 cm min threshold 10 br min threshold root cable upstream group br min threshold The command defines the threshold bits per second bps to consider an upstream channel as a valid target for channel change on the select
95. ion profile 2 iuc control presat prelen request 1 active 1 qam16 3 688 64 initial ranging 3 active 1 qam16 3 640 128 periodic ranging 4 ac ve 1 qam16 3 640 128 short data 5 active 1 qam16 3 680 72 long data 6 active 1 qam16 3 672 80 false 2 0 16 338 0 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 34 338 0 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 34 338 0 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 75 338 14 false 2 true 1 false 2 8 220 338 0 false 2 true 1 Parameter add Full path root cable modulation add Description This command is used to add a modulation profile QPSK and QAM16 can be selected Syntax add qpsk Value QPSK orQAM16 Commands add qpsk Example 1 show mp3 Output 1 modulation profile 3 iuc control type pre start pre len request 1 active 1 qpsk 2 56 64 initial ranging 3 active 1 qpsk 2 0 128 periodic ranging 4 1 qpsk 2 0 128 short data 5 active 1 qpsk 2 48 72 long data 6 active 1 qpsk 2 40 80 false 2 0 16 338 0 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 34 338 64 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 34 338 100 false 2 true 1 false 2 5 75 338 32 false 2 true 1 false 2 8 220 338 240 false 2 true 1 CMTS User Manual 79 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Synta
96. iple CPE gateways so each CPE will receive the proper ARP response The Proxy ARP module will also forward a modified ARP request to the CPE gateway The gateway will maintain a correct ARP table of its own which relates to its LAN Ethernet clients These features are optionally configured and non standard When disabled the CMTS will operate as a regular DOCSIS Euro D OCSIS CMTS according to the forwarding rules specified in the DO CSIS Euro DOCSIS specification ARP Monitor The Address Resolution Protocol ARP is used to enable the IP protocol to communicate over an Ethernet network Each ARP frame carries the Sender Mac Address and IP Address Mangled ARP frames can lead the routers and other stations to hold an incorrect ARP table and thus create a security hole in which IP packets can be sent to other than their original destinations The ARP Monitor verifies the sender information Mac IP Pair as it appears in the packet is consistent with the CMTS database that holds this information The CMTS database is build from one or two different sources Some networks are configured in such a way were the CPE are using DHCP to receive their IP Address some use Static IP Addresses and most are using a combination of those two Since the CMTS is the pipe for all traffic it uses the DHCP protocol to learn about the Mac IP addresses pair Whenever the CMTS forwards a DHCP acknowledge message it stores the info in the database Static IP Address
97. irst row hits counter will be incremented Syntax none Commands none Example 1 show Output 1 See Show command root admin access control shell access control Directory Directory shell access control Directory path root admin access control shell access control Description Manage the shell access control parameters These parameters allow access to the CMTS CLI Command Line Interface via telnet or serial port Sub Directories None Commands Parameters set show admin login admin password user login user password Special O perations None Parameter show Full path root admin access control shell access control show Description This command displays the access control list The passwords are blocked out for security If passwords are lost then restoring the default configuration will restore factory default passwords See root admin boot or root admin flash directories Syntax show Commands show Example 1 show Output 1 admin login admin user login user user password Parameter admin login Full path root admin access control shell access control admin login CMTS User Manual 48 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Ou
98. mands show s standard commands CMTS User Manual 50 Version 3 0 33 Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands CMTS User Manual show ip netmask ip netmask 255 255 255 0 gateway root admin boot gateway CMTS Gateway Address set command set gateway X X X where x is the G ateway IP Address show s standard commands show gateway gateway 192 168 11 1 boot server root admin boot boot server IP Address of the TFTP or FTP Server that will be used in a boot upgrade process set command set boot server where x is the IP Address of the TFTP or FTP Server show s amp standard commands show boot server boot server 192 168 11 200 boot method root admin boot boot method Determines the file download method TFTP FTP used when the boot downloads new files to the CMTS set command sd boot method tftp s amp boot method ftp show s amp standard commands show boot method boot method ftp app pathname root admin boot app pathname CMTS Application pathname A
99. meters IP addresses that belong to the subnets listed in the table will be the only stations allowed access if the root admin access control enable access stations command is enabled To protect users from configuration mistakes the following rules are applied A row status cannot be changed to the enabled state if both the IP Address and the IP mask are 0 0 0 0 The enable access stations can be set to enable only if there is at least one active row in the table If this flag was set to enable and the last active row is deactivated this flag will be implicitly set to disabled None set show status ip address ip mask None show root admin access control access station table show 46 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 index status ip address This command displays the access station list show show show ip mask hits 1 enable 192 168 11 200 255 255 255 0 5322 0 0 0 0 2 disable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 disable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 disable 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 5 disable 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 6 disable 0 0 0 0 00 000 0 7 disable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 disable 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 9 disable 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 10 disable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parameter index Full path root admin access control access station table index Description Displays the index number of the station allowed access Syntax none Commands None Example 1 None Output 1 See Show command Parameter status Full path
100. n empty message to this port at the server IP The server treats empty messages as TOD requests It replies to the sender IP with a TOD response consisting of a 4 byte response These 4 bytes contain the number of seconds passed since 1990 4 bytes can contain about 130 years in seconds This means it will be good until year 2036 4294967295 seconds 60 71582788 25 minutes 60 1193046 47 hours 49710 26 days 365 136 19 The TOD server usually uses the system time on the machine it is running It can also take the time from another server The TOD client CM or CMTS calculates this number and presents the current time and date It can apply G MT offset to display the correct time The CMTS has these parameters so you can configure it The CM is supposed to take this parameter G MT offset from the DHCP response If you configure the D HCP server to provide option 2 G MT offset then the modems are supposed to use it before displaying their time The CMTS will contact the TOD server every hour Trivial File Transfer Protocol server that enables the configuration files for the modem to be downloaded to the modem Modem amp PC IP Pool Ranges If the IP addresses are public addresses you must request a pool range from your Internet Service Provider based on the number of customers you are serving support Short for N amp work Address Translation an Internet standard that enables a local area network
101. n the CMTS receives data from the WAN Wide Area Network T his data typically consists of Internet traffic video VoIP Voice over IP etc This traffic is modulated and broadcast to its final destination over the cable television network O ther frames received by the CMTS are IP packets designated to the CMTS it self Those will typically be SN MP management queries Ping messages to test CMTS network connectivity or Telnet sessions used to control and monitor the CMTS In the upstream direction the CMTS aggregates upstream traffic from the cable television network and forwards that traffic either to a local LAN usually at the head end or to the Wide Area Network usually the Internet The CMTS connects to the Wide Area Network WAN or head end Ethernet backbone using a 10 100BaseT Ethernet port Traffic forwarding is handled in layer 2 as a transparent bridge Blonder Tongue designed the CMTS to beinstalled in a cable operator s headend facility or distribution hub and to function as a Cable Modem Termination System CMTS to any DOCSIS EuroDOCSIS Customer Premises Equipment CPE that is abs tComLabs certified The scalable hardware design of the Blonder Tongue CMTS using DOCSIS and Euro DOCSIS 1 1 standards offers a single downstream channel using 64 or 256QA M enabling speeds up to 55 61 Mbps and upstream channel supporting QPSK and 16QAM enabling bit rates up to 10 24 Mbps Thearchitecture supports up to 8 upstream chan
102. nels with single channel expansion cards that can be factory or field installed CMTS User Manual 4 Version 3 0 33 The Blonder Tongue CMTS is controlled managed by its Network Management System N MS The NMS implements a client server and SN MP based architecture With a powerful server accessing a database and a Web based client it provides a complete easy to use solution for CMTS configuration service provisioning subscriber authentication and authorization performance analysis and billing interface Any standard Provisioning System that includes DHCP TFTP TOD servers and a SNMP manager can also control the CMTS Blonder T ongue CMTS Features and Benefits DOCSIS Euro DOCSIS Upstream Load Balancing Bridge Operation Remote Upgrades Up to 8 Upstream Channels Security T ools Complete Management CMTS User Manual 5 Version 3 0 33 The Blonder Tongue CMTS is based on the widely used DOCSIS and Euro D CSIS 1 1 standards making interoperability easy Subscriber satisfaction during peak usage times is maintained through CMTS control of upstream traffic with dynamic load balancing algorithms and support for upstream frequency reuse The CMTS connects to the Wide Area Network WAN or headend Ethernet backbone using a 10 100BaseT E thernet port Traffic forwarding is handled in layer 2 as a transparent bridge The Blonder Tongue CMTS remote download feature supports TFTP and FTP server delivery of new so
103. net switch Computers management server with working LAN boards To make sure you have a working Ethemet connection install the management computer to the Switch and Router and make sure that the management computer has access to the Intemet Check the following factors to determine if you have an operational Ethernet connection The router is operational You have a connection to the Internet Switch is operational CMTS User Manual 13 Version 3 0 33 CHAPTER 3 Installing the Blonder Tongue CMTS This chapter takes you through the installation process for a lab and a typical live configuration If you have any questions about your particular installation refer to A ppendix Contading Blonder T ongue About this chapter Part 1 Setting Up the CMTS and Upconverter Connection describes how to set up the CMTS Upconverter and connect it to lab setup and then connect it to an RF network Part 2 Setting Up an End User Site describes how to set up an end user test site at your location Part 1 Setting Up the CMTS and Upconverter Connection In the first part of the installation process you set up the Blonder To ngue CMTS and Upconverter in the following stages Connecting the CMTS and the Upconverter in a Lab Environment Connecting the CMTS to a Live Cable Plant Connecting the CMTS and the Upconverter in a Lab Environment When connecting the Blonder Tongue CMTS and Upconverter in
104. ngue Laboratories Inc BT will at its sole option either repair or replace with a new or factory reconditioned product as BT may determine any product manufactured by BT which proves to be defective in materials or workmanship or fails to meet the specifications which are in effect on the date of shipment or such other specifications as may have been expressly agreed upon in writing i for a period of one 1 year from the date of original purchase or such shorter period of time as may be set forth in the license agreement specific to the particular software being licensed with respect to MegaPort amp CMTS D ata products and iCentral hardware and software and all other software products including embedded software licensed from BT ii for a period of one 1 year from the date of original purchase with respect to all fiber optics receivers transmitters couplers and integrated receivers distribution amplifiers including TRAILBLAZER RETRO LINX and TWIN STAR products as well as for VideoCipher amp DigiCipher satellite receivers and iii for a period of three 3 years from the date of original purchase with respect to all other BT products Notwithstanding the foregoing in some cases the warranty on certain proprietary sub assembly modules manufactured by third party vendors and contained in BT products and on certain private label products manufactured by third parties for resale by BT are of shorter duration or
105. nnect the RF cables to the CMTS 1 Connect the RF cables to the CMTS using the following diagram and instructions as a guide 2 Connect one RF cable to the IF Out connector on the CMTS 3 Attach approximately 20 dB of attenuators to the other end of the cable E Note The attenuation process ensures that the Upconverter receives the appropriate signal The Upconverter utilized must comply with DO CSIS EuroDO CSIS requirements Refer to the Upconverter Specification for the desired input level The CMTS outputs the following signal PAL 36 125 MHz at 40dBmV NTSC 44 00 MHz at 40 dBmV 4 Connect the side of the RF cable with the attenuators to the IF IN connector on the back of the Upconverter 5 Connect the second cable to the Upconverter RF OUT connector Connect 2 20 dB attenuators to the other side of the cable and leave it hanging This will be used for the downstream channel B Note The attenuation process ensures that the modem receives the appropriate signal T he modem should receive a signal of 0 dBmV or 8 dB 6 Connect a third RF cable to the Blonder Tongue CMTS Upstream IF Input connector Connect 36 dB of attenuation to the other side of the cable and leave it hanging This will be used for the upstream channel E Note The CMTS default RX power level is 0 The nominal rx level parameter be changed through EMS or CLI Command Line Interface located in the root cable upstream directory Th
106. ols tecti retrahit mc anto rn iv Environmental Conditions TOrithe MT S chr ttm V ABOUETSLHIS eere detecte ee e eme E M e Mee e dd e Deu M ED t VI TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 gt 52 SE EESTO SeT EAE EE TASE E aee RE 4 A bout tlis bi Rr e aD e or dmm be 4 WHAT ISTHE BLONDER TONGUE CM T5 Lie e ducet Fea euer ne ieri 4 BLONDER TONGUE CMTS FEATURES AND BENEFITG ssssssssssssssssssesscscscsesscscsesscecessssussesesseusecaraceseseassssssussneceseesavavansseesaseees 5 Referen A Phere mc o o e ca c ta e d utra d tp d te C ci c a e 6 SITE PREPARATION ent M M 7 ABOUT THIS CHAPTER reb nct asse hanna in tene LEY und De qo db dui ela 7 OVERVIEW e P A M 7 SYSTEM GOMPONENT S e ueque on Pe 8 BASIG CONFIGURATION 8 PREPARING THE RE NETWORK 9 Preparingthe Hed dent S106 25 25 5 coder 9 Preparing the E thana N eWOTT os edet eta
107. ommands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual tek table root cable bpi tek table Manages the attributes of each CM Traffic Encryption K ey None set show tek lifetime tek grace time tek expires old tek expires new tek reset key requests key replies key rejects tek invalids key reject error code key reject error string tek invalid error code tek invalid error string None show root cable bpi tek table show This command displays the tek table parameters The descriptions are explained below show show show tek lifetime root cable bpi tek table tek lifetime This command displays the lifetime in seconds the CMTS SS to keys for this TEK association ow show show tek grace time root cable bpi tek table tek grace time This command displays the grace time in seconds show show show tek expires old root cable bpi tek table tek expires old This command displays the actual clock time for expiration of the immediate predecessor of the most recent TEK show show show 72 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description
108. option number 82 According to the DOCSIS standard the CMTS must append this option to the DHCP traffic forwarded but if the DHCP server is not using it then it should be disabled s amp append remoteid 2 1 show s standard commands show source type cpe 2 relay status Active 1 relay ip 172 16 20 4 relay gateway 172 16 20 1 56 Version 3 0 33 DHCP server append remote id 209 34 2 6 disable 1 root admin ip services radius Directory D irectory Directory path D escription Sub D irectories Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual radius root admin ip services radius Manages radius configurations Radius is utilized in conjunction with N MS software to gather traffic statistics for each registered modem Radius is not used for authentication for the Blonder Tongue CMTS None set show primary server ip enable accounting billing period inactive timeout shared secret secondary server ip None show root admin ip services radius show The command displays the all radius configuration and statistics The descriptions are explained below show show show primary serverip 192 168 11 200 enable accounting enable 1
109. or 112 EuroDOCSIS 1 0 1 1 36 125 MHz 8 MHz channel 640 AM and 2560AM 6 952 Msms s 64QAM 6 952 Msms s 256QAM 8 MHz 75 Ohms gt 14 dB 40 dBmV Fconnector 5 MHz up to 65 MHz Not less than 22 dB 4 to 26 dBmV QPSK and 160AM 160 320 640 1280 and 2560 ksym s 200 400 800 1600 3200 KHz Fconnector Version 3 0 33 LAN Maintenance Interfaces LAN Interface 10BaseT 100BaseT Fast Ethernet full duplex Serial Interface EIA 232 9 pin D System Standards and Protocols DOCSIS EuroD OCSIS 1 0 RF Specification SN MP Radius PPPoE Telnet Environmental Operating Temperature 0 to 40 C Storage Temperature 10 to 60 C Humidity 10 to 90 non condensing Power Consumption 34 watt Voltage Range Rated automatic selection 100 240V 47 63 Hz Safety Compliance UL CE Physical Size 435mm W x 44mm H x 500mm D EIA rack mount Weight fully equipped 9 kg HFC Configuration 1 Downstream 8 Upstream channels LEDs AC Power WAN Link WAN Traffic Downstream Traffic Downstream Module Installed Downstream Module activated Upstream Traffic Upstream Module Installed Upstream Module Activated Blonder Tongue Laboratories Inc All rights reserved Products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners specifications are subject to change without notice CMTS User Manual 113 Version 3 0 33 Blonder Tongue Limited Warranty Blonder To
110. oubleshooting With CMTS power disconnect check Coaxial cable and the coaxial cable splitter OK and splitter Adjust or replace coaxial cable and or splitter Coaxial cable and splitter OK Connect coaxial cable to the cakle modem Connect CMTS power Check power Status LED Status LED on system on No Check downstream signal Troubleshoot Downstream signal OK network problems Yes Check your computer and network card Ask for com puter Troubleshoot Ping with the No your com puter Ping with the N and or server and or network server x network card card tech company Yes Contact Installation OK Yes CMTS User Manual 111 Version 3 0 33 APPENDIX F Technical Specifications Downstream IF O utput RF Channel Spacing Modulation Type Symbol Rate nominal Bandwidth Output Impedance Output Retum Loss Output Level Connector Upstream Receiver Frequency Range Canier to noise Ratio in Active Channel Level Range one channel Modulation Type Symbol Rate nominal Bandwidth Connector CMTS User Manual DOCSIS 1 0 11 44 MHz 6 MHz channel 640AM and 2560AM 5 056 Msms s 64Q AM 5 360 Msms s 256QAM 6 MHz 75 Ohms gt 14 dB 40 dBmV Fconnector 5 MHz up to 42 MHz Not less than 22 dB 4 to 26 dBmV QPSK and 160AM 160 320 640 1280 and 2560 ksym s 200 400 800 1600 3200 KHz Fconnect
111. ow See show above nominal rx power root cable upstream nominal rx power The command defines the receive nominal power level at the CMTS The CMTS will direct the CM to reach the CMTS at this level The high range for this value is Symbol Rate dependant and is taken from the DOCSIS specification The CMTS will also allow controlling the tolerance allowed to succeed ranging When using low values the SNR may go down D efault is 0 Nominal Rx Level valid values are 88 Version 3 0 33 Rate 1 28 28 23 dBmV dBmV 2 56 28 26 dBmV dBmV Syntax nominal rx power 4 10 define upstream amp nominal power levd Value 7 26 dBmV Commands sd nominal rx powe 4 10 Example 1 show Output 1 See show above Each upstream can be configured to use it s own levels When possible it is best to leave the default values as is If the RF network is balanced these setting will achieve best performance in the CMTS receiver Parameter rx tolerance Full path root cable upstream rx tolerance Description The command defines the difference from the nominal power level where the CMTS will accept the cable modem ranging The tolerance the CMTS is using is 2 dB A CM can reach the CMTS at the range 2 to 2 dBmV CM that cannot achieve these restrictions will fail ranging For some network scenarios these restrictions will cause some modems to fail connection Syntax set rx tolerance 4 6 define ups
112. ow show See show above automatic iri root cable upstream automatic iri The command disables or enables this feature for the defined upstream channel Automatic IRI stands for Automatic Initial Ranging Interval The CMTS uses this Ranging Interval also referred as Insertion interval to determine how long to wait before granting a Broadcast Ranging O pportunity in the MAP messages If this insertion interval is 100 the CMTS will give this opportunity 1 time a second Cable modems must use this opportunity to do the initial ranging When many modems try to connect at the same time they will collide and use their back offs mechanisms so statistically eventually they will reach the CMTS without collision A fter reaching the CMTS at a readable power level the CMTS will grant Unicast ranging opportunities for each modem and the Broadcast O pportunity will not be used just for new modems or modems that reset When the CMTS starts running after reboot there s a high chance that many modems will try to join in the same time When the auto IRI enabled the CMTS will use IRI 5 instead of the configured number 20 opportunities a second As time goes by the CMTS will increase this value to the configured one Insertion Interval in the CMTS configuration file editor or insert interval under cable in the CLI sd automaticiri 4 01 deine channd amp value Value 0 disabled and enabled 1 D efault 1 s automaticiri 4 1 sh
113. ow Full path root modems show Description This command displays all the connected modems Syntax show Commands show Example 1 show Output 1 index sid ranging up id ip address mac address power freq time state adj Offset offset 1 3 registered 1 192 168 0 26 00 30 54 87 0 00 25000 510 2 1 registered 1 192 168 0 22 00 30 54 2 2 0 25 21406 512 3 2 registered 1 192 168 0 23 00 30 54 80 0 00 25078 2789 4 5 registered 1 192 168 0 29 00 04 BD E3 96 60 0 25 24062 512 5 6 registered 1 192 168 0 27 00 30 54 0 5 0 00 23671 2049 Parameter reset cm Full path root modems reset am Description The command resets an individual modem Syntax reset cm by ip XXX XXX XXX XXX Value by ip Where X IP address Value by mac Where X MAC address Commands re an by ip 192 168 0 22 Example 1 show Output 1 Modems will not appear until they are registered again index sid ranging up id ip address mac address power freq time state adj Offset offset 1 192 168 0 26 00 30 54 87 0 00 25000 510 registered 1 192 168 0 22 00 30 54 FF D 2 2B 0 25 21406 512 1 192 168 0 23 00 30 54 80 0 00 25078 2789 1 192 168 0 29 00 04 BD E3 96 60 0 25 24062 512 CMTS User Manual 101 Version 3 0 33 5 7687 index sid ranging Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 O
114. ow group status Output 1 group status 4 load balancing 2 Parameter Ib method Full path root cable upstream group Ib method D escription The command defines the method to perform load balancing on the group interface selected Syntax s amp Ib mdhod 4 Value 1 4 group ID amp Value on join 1 on timer 2 both 3 Commands s amp Ib m amp hod 4 3 Example 1 show lb method Output 1 lb method 4 both 3 Parameter Ib on join Full path root cable upstream group Ib on join D escription This command determines the method used to select a best upstream when a CM is joining the CMTS If lb on join is registered CM the best upstream is defined to be the upstream with the least number of registered CMs If the method selected is active CM then the best upstream is defined to be the one with the least number of active CM If the method is bit rate then the best upstream is the one with the lower average bit rate The Joining CM will be directed to the best available upstream in the group according to the selected method Syntax s amp lb on join 4 2 CMTS User Manual Value 1 4 group ID amp Value bit rate 1 registered cms 2 active cms 3 90 Version 3 0 33 Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Descript
115. ow or show mp1 mp8 show See show command previously displayed iuc root cable modulation iuc 80 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 request 1 initial ranging 3 periodic ranging 4 short data 5 long data 6 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual This displays the Interval Usage Code of the modulation profile IUC is defined as a code that defines the usage of the packet field This is a display only N A Valid entries are request 1 initial ranging 3 periodic ranging 4 short data 5 long data 6 show or show mp1 mp8 show See show command previously displayed control root cable modulation control This displays the profile entry status show show or show mp1 mp8 show See show command previously displayed type root cable modulation type This command sets the modulation type of the IUC for the selected profile Selections are QPSK 2 or QAM16 3 se type mp2 1 1 sting the request to QPSK Values QPSK 2 or QAM16 3 set type mp2 1 1 or s amp all mp2 1 show control type pre start pre len active 1 qpsk 2 688 64 active 1 qam16 3 640 128 active 1 qam16 3
116. ow width width 6000000 modulation type root cable downstream modulation type The command defines modulation type 640 or 256QAM Setting the modulation type does affect your downstream signal Modems will not stay connected sd modulation type 4 Value 3 64QAM and 4 256QAM modulation type 4 show modulation type modulation type gam256 4 interleave root cable downstream interleave 76 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual The interleave value can be changed only in DOCSIS For Euro DOCSIS CMTS the CMTS will automatically set this value to 8 For DOCSIS CMTS it will use the configuration file supplied value If this value is out of range it will automatically set it to 5 This value was tested to perform best on most cases See Appendix E for more detailed explanation El Setting the interleave changes timing on downstream flow Modems will have to reconnect se interleave 3 0 Value Default is 32 5 Values are defined as follows taps8Increment16 3 taps16Increment 4 taps32IncrementA 5 taps64Increment2 6 taps128Increment1 7 se interlea
117. p syslog status 1 where 1 is for enabled and 0 is for disabled show s standard commands show syslog status syslog status enabled 1 log dhcp root admin ip services syslog log dhcp The command determines if CMTS will send syslog info message for every DHCP acknowledgement s amp log dho 1 where 1 is for enabled and 0 is for disabled show s standard commands show log dhcp log dhcp enabled 1 root admin ip services tod Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories CMTS User Manual tod root admin ip services tod The CMTS uses the TOD protocol to acquire the correct time from an external server This time reference is later used by the CMTS when generating events to the console to help system debug and monitoring None 60 Version 3 0 33 Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 CMTS User Manual set show date time server ip direct gmt hour gmt min gmt None show root admin ip services tod show The command displays the all TOD configu
118. port Return path frequencies In most cases you can use a directional coupler D C8 or splitter at the input of the launch amplifier It is best to use a diplexer at the output of the launch amplifier to pull off the upstream frequencies If the combining network used does support return path frequencies ensure that the insertion loss of the combiner is not reducing the upstream signal of the modems to an unusable level The modems have an output power range of 8 58 dBmV The modems cannot be used to balance the return portion of the plant as the output power constantly changes In order to properly balance the RF distribution retum amps use a signal generator with a constant output level Balancing Retum Path The most effective method to balance the retum path is to apply a constant IF frequency to the end of the line of each trunk and or leg of the RF distribution via a signal generator Measure the output of the signal generator before inserting onto the cable plant and use this number as the baseline transmit level This will typically be between 40 to 50 dBmV Next connect the signal generator to the end of line and measure the RF output frequency of the generator at the insertion point of the CMTS Upstream RF Inputs Adjust the active components retum amplification or attenuation to maximize the received signal level at the headend Repeat these steps on all trunks and legs to adjust the return path received level to within 5dB Apply atten
119. ption Notes Syntax Command Description Notes Syntax Command Description Notes Syntax Command CMTS User Manual Where dir is the directory name rshow Displays all variables under the specified directory and under all sub directo ries If a directory is not specified then variables under the current directory are displayed None rshow Where dir is the directory name set Sets new values to parameters If the parameter is a string including blanks the parameter must be specified in quotation marks s amp lt param gt argl argN value where param is the name of the parameter to be set where value is the value to be set to the parameter lt param gt where arg argN are additional arguments required cd Changes current directory to the specified directory a A short path may be specified For example cd ip d instead of cd services admin ip services dhcp b Symbol means one directory level up N ote No space between the commands are allowed cd and cd are equal For example The command gt admin boot gt cd will result in gt admin gt The command gt admin ip services tod gt cd sy will result in gt root admin ip services syslog gt c The commands cd and cd mean go to root directory od lt dir gt where dir is the path and directory name dir Displays all items under
120. r 3 Make sure that all these requirements are fulfilled before installing the CMTS About this chapter Overview provides an overview of site preparation requirements System Components describes the Blonder Tongue CMTS hardware and software requirements Basic Configuration describes the requirements of a typical configuration Preparing the RF Network describes the prerequisites needed to prepare the headend site Preparing the Ethernet Network describes the prerequisites needed to prepare the Ethernet Network Overview To install the Blonder Tongue CMTS system you must ensure that the environment in which you plan to place the system contains all the necessary hardware and software components will also need to prepare A management computer DHCP TOD amp TFTP Servers The RF Network An end user test site in your local environment An Internet Router and Internet connections CMTS User Manual 7 Version 3 0 33 System Components The Blonder Tongue CMTS comes with various components that may differ depending on the items you ordered Open your package and check that you received the following Tongue CMTS CMTS DB9 serial cable female to male Straight through Ethernet Cable ROM containing the latest software versions and documentation Basic Configuration The basic configuration of the CMTS system consists of Blonder Tong
121. r to be utilized You must make sure the pathname is correct for the different images or configuration files Refer to Chapter 4 Upgrade Instructions for information to load Application Image software Step 4 Save Changes and Reboot the CMTS 1 The CMTS will need to be saved and rebooted for the changes to be implemented Save the parameters CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt write Enter writes boot parameters to nvram write success CMTS User Manual 23 Version 3 0 33 The write command is used ONLY in the boot directory and is used to save the boot parameters Utilizing the save command does work as well but it is recommended to use the write command in the boot directory Reboot the CMTS e g gt root admin boot gt reboot Enter CMTS will reboot now A re you sure y n Select y Step 5 Setup the DH CP server and configuring a relay agent 1 The CMTS supports DHCP relay agents which enables the CMTS to forward the DHCP traffic from the Cable Modems and CPE Computer to the appropriate D HCP server A DHCP Relay MUST be used in case the DHCP server is located behind the CMTS router on a different network A D HCP relay can also be used to support different subnets for CMs and CPEs B Note DHCP servers DHCP relays IP subnetting and NAT configuration requires a thorough knowledge of the Internet Protocol Make sure you do not have more than one D HCP server on the same subnet 2 DHCP serv
122. ration file from a server download config tftp 192 168 11 200 default cig download config download config tftp 192 168 11 200 default cfg Start download CONFIG file default cfg host 192 168 11 200 File has MD 5 chksum hdr Verifying file Writing to flash 100 File write to flash success upload config root admin flash upload config This command uploads current CMTS configuration file to a server Save your changes before the upload to make the current configuration file match the CMTS current configuration upload config tftp 192 168 11 200 default cfg upload config upload config tftp 192 168 11 200 default cfg Start upload CONFIG file default1 cfg host 192 168 11 200 Copy file from flash success tftp put file default cfg to host 192 168 11 200 root admin ip services Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Parameters Special O perations CMTS User Manual ip services root admin ip services Manages CMTS IP services dhcp radius syslog tod None None 54 Version 3 0 33 root admin ip services dhcp Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Comm
123. ration parameters The descriptions are explained below show show show server ip 192 168 11 200 direct gmt negative 0 hour gmt 7 min gmt 0 date time root admin ip services tod date time The command displays the date and time date time datetime date time date 07 10 2004 time 23 33 20 server ip root admin ip services tod server ip The command sets the TOD Time of D ay server IP address set server ip X X X X where x is the ip address for the TOD server show s standard commands show server ip server ip 192 168 11 200 direct gmt root admin ip services tod direct gmt The command sets the offset of your location in relation to GMT Greenwich Mean Time to either positive or negative offset s amp direct gmt 1 where 1 is positive and 0 is negative show s standard commands show direct gmt direct gmt positive 1 hour gmt root admin ip services tod hour gmt The command sets the hour difference of your location in relation to GMT Greenwich Mean Time sd hour gmt 8 show s standard commands show hour gmt 61 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 hour gmt 8 min gmt root admin ip services tod min gmt The command sets the minute difference of your location in relation to GMT Greenwich Mean Time sd hour gmt 30 show s standard commands show min gm
124. rca shrewd DEBRA 3 To verify the FTP is working on your server type the following in a Command Prompt window on your server gt ftp 192 168 111 150 Connected to 192 168 111 150 220 w2kN MS Microsoft FTP Service V ersion 5 0 User 192 168 111 150 nong ftp 331 A nonymous access allowed send identity email name as password Password 230 A nonymous user logged in ftp bin 200 Type 6 to I ftp get 3 0 3 300b3057 200 PORT command suoxssful 150 Opening BIN A RY mode data connection for 3 0 3 300b3057 5970545 bytes 226 Transfer complete ftp 5970545 bytes received in 5 29Seconds 983 93K bytes sec Step by Step Instructions to Upgrade the CMTS Now that you have downloaded the file and the TFTP or FTP are configured and working properly you can now set the CMTS to perform the upgrade Note It is recommended that the following steps are accomplished through serial shell only This is recommended in case the upgrade fails or the CMT Sis hung in the boot mode CMTS User Manual 30 Version 3 0 33 Logging into the CMTS as admin D efault password for the Admin login name is operator Change to boot directory e g gt root gt cd admin boot Enter Display current settings e g gt root admin boot gt show Enter ip address 192 168 111 120 ip mask 255 255 255 0 gateway 192 168 111 1 boot server 192 168 111 150 boot method tftp app pathname 3
125. rd Error Correction code word FEC is defined as a system of error control for data transmission wherein the receiving device has the capability to detect and correct any character or code block that contains fewer than a predetermined number of symbols in error FEC is accomplished by adding bits to each transmitted character or code block using a predetermined algorithm sd all mp2 3 Value 0 10 Default value is the minimum needed by the implementation of the CMTS for the given IUC in the modulation profile sd fecarror oor mp2 3 10 or s amp all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed fec code len root cable modulation fec code len This command determines the FEC code word length sd all mp2 3 Value 0 235 Default value is the minimum needed by the implementation of the CMTS for the given IUC in the modulation profile s amp feccodelen mp2 3 32 or sd all mp2 3 show See show command previously displayed scrambler seed root cable modulation scrambler seed 82 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 This command determines Scrambler Seed for the given IUC in the modulation profile The seed valu
126. root admin access control access station table status Description Displays the status of the index number A row in this table will be considered only if the status is enabled Syntax s amp status x disable enable1 where x is the index number Commands show s standard commands Example 1 show Output 1 See Show command Parameter ip address Full path root admin access control access station table ip address Description Displays the IP address of the management system Syntax sd ip address 1 x x where 1 is the index number where x is the IP address of the management system Commands show s standard commands Example 1 show Output 1 See Show command Parameter ip mask Full path root admin access control access station table ip mask D escription Displays the IP netmask of the management system CMTS User Manual 47 Version 3 0 33 Syntax sd ip mask 1 x x x x where 1 is the index number where x is the IP netmask of the management system Commands show s amp standard commands Example 1 show Output 1 See Show command Parameter hits Full path root admin access control access station table hits D escription Displays number of station requests that access over this subnet Whenever the CMTS receives a Telnet connection or an SNMP request from a certain subnet the hits counter for this subnet will be incremented by one If two rows in the table share a subnet than only the f
127. ror rate DOCSIS specifies five different levels of interleaving 128 1 is the highest amount of interleaving and 8 16 is the lowest This indicates that 128 codewords made up of 128 symbols each will be intermixed on a1 for 1 basis whereas the 8 16 level of interleaving indicates that 16 symbols will be kept in a row per codeword and intermixed with 16 symbols from 7 other codewords The possible values for D ownstream Interleave D elay are as follows in microseconds us 640AM 256 QAM 1 8 J 16 220 150 1 16 J 8 480 330 I 32 4 980 680 1 64 J 2 2000 1400 12128 1 4000 2800 Interleaving doesn t add overhead bits like FEC but it does add latency which could affect voice and real time video It also increases the Request Grant round trip time RTT Increasing the RTT may cause you to go from every other MAP opportunity to every third or fourth MAP That is a secondary affect and it is that effect which can cause a decrease in peak Upstream US data throughput Therefore you can slightly increase the US throughput in a PPS per modem way when the value is set to a number lower then the typical default of 32 As a workaround to the impulse noise issue the interleaving value can be increased to 64 or 128 However by increasing this value performance throughput may degrade but noise stability will be increased in the D ownstream D S In other words either the plant must be maintained properly or more un correctable
128. s defined by the DOCSIS spec to be 15 minuets In most cases this timeout is to long When a CM fails DHCP it can usually be as a result of some other systems malfunctions Reducing this timeout can provide earlier detection of such a problem Syntax s amp ip complete timeout 4 default is 15 V alue 1 15 Commands se ip complete timeout Example 1 ip completetimeout 4 Output 1 No output for this command Parameter registration timeout Full path root cable registration timeout Description The command lets the operator control the timeout in minuets used before a CM that didn t complete TFTP download of the configuration file and registration will get disconnected By default this timeout is defined by the DOCSIS spec to be 15 minuets In most cases this timeout is to long When aCM fails TFTP it can usually be as a result of some other systems malfunctions Reducing this timeout can provide earlier detection of such a problem Syntax registration timeout 6 default is 15 V alue 1 15 Commands s amp registration timeout Example 1 set registration timeout 6 Output 1 No output for this command root cable bpi Directory Directory bpi Directory path root cable bpi Description Manages the Baseline Privacy tables When BPI Base Line Sub Directories Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual Privacy is enabled data traffic in the RF channel is encrypt
129. saved in permanent storage memory There are no parameters which will be saved automatically without the Save command Syntax save Directory Commands These commands are only utilized in the specific directory which they are displayed You must be in the current working directory before you can utilize these commands root Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 description root None Main shell directory and displays CMTS information including hardware revision software versions and CMTS serial number admin cable debug not available via telnet Ethernet interfaces and modems set show description name location up time serial max upstreams None show root show This command displays CMTS information including hardware revision software versions serial number Name Location and Up time show show show Blonder Tongue CMTS HW REV 1 1 VENDOR Blonder Tongue LTD BOOTR 2 0 0 8 gt gt SW Ver Oct 19 2004 14 00 33 cmts 3 0 3 300 gt gt build 3045 CMTS User Manual 43 Version 3 0 33 name Support CMTS location Blonder Tongue headquarters Tel Aviv Israel up time 0 days 3 hours 25 minutes 26 seconds serial 00 00 00 0a 03 40 00 a8 max upstreams 8 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Exampl
130. se request acknowledge sequence the Initial set filters apply and block everything but DHCP Upon completion of a successful D HCP transaction the CMTS will set the CM filters to the operational mode and will update the CM MIB with the valid source IP address ed the lease time is over i e no renew occurred the CMTS will set the filters back to the initial mode This way if a user changes his D HCP allocated address to a static address when the lease will be over he will be blocked The user must use D HCP again to open the filters The filters are not accessible to the user from the CM Ethernet side The CMTS is MUST be pre configured with a valid SNMP community for Note When using cm snmp filters a proper CM configuration file must be used The CMTS CD contains a sample file Refer to the CD content for details CMTS User Manual 38 Version 3 0 33 CHAPTER 6 Command Reference This chapter describes the command line structure and examples of commands utilized by the Blonder Tongue CMTS system About this chapter Part 1 Logging on to the System describes how to log into the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Part 2 General Notes describes the command structures and layout of the directories on the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Part 3 Global Commands describes the global commands used by the Blonder Tongue CMTS system Part 4 Directory Commands describes the commands used in each specific directory
131. ser Manual 74 Version 3 0 33 Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Command Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description None show root cable downstream show The command displays the status channel id frequency width modulation interleave and annex defined for the downstream channel The descriptions are explained below show show show description DOCSIS 30 34 Mbps admin status up 1 channel id 128 frequency 0 width 6000000 modulation type qam64 3 interleave taps32Increment4 5 annex annexB 4 registered cms 30 active cms 20 average bitrate 1327 set all root cable downstream set all The command can be used as a single command to configure all downstream parameters When performing the set all command your downstream signal will be down Modems will not stay connected 98 Values described below sd all set all wait while settings admin status down frequency 0 gt modulation type 4 gt interleave 5 gt etc admin status root cable downstream admin status The command defines the administration status of the downstream interface Setting the admin status to 2 does affect your downstream signal Modems will not stay connected until you set admin status 1 Syntax Commands CM
132. sion 3 0 33 root ethemet Directory Directory ethemet Directory path root ethernet Description Displays Ethernet MAC address Sub Directo ries None Parameters show Special O perations None Parameter show Full path root ethernet show Description This command displays the N SI Ethernet MAC address Syntax show Commands show Example 1 show Output 1 physical address 00 01 cb 20 00 12 root interfaces Directory Directory interfaces Directory path root interfaces Description Displays all interface statistics Sub Directories None Parameters show description type mtu speed physical address admin status operation status last change rx bytes rx pkts rx discards rx errors tx bytes tx pkts tx discards tx errors Special O perations None Parameter show Full path root interfaces show Description This command displays all the interface statistics You can enter the interface index description as to display a specific interface Interfaces are described as upstream1 upstream8 mac and Ethernet Index 1 through 8 are equal to upstream1 upstream8 Index 9 is equal to mac and Index 10 is equal to Ethemet Syntax show or show mac Commands show or show mac or show upstream1 upstream show downstream show ethene Example 1 show and show mac Output 1 index type mtu speed op status last change rx bytes rx pkts rx discards rx errors 1 129 176410240000 up 312
133. ssessesesseesesesuesesessanseseseenseees 46 ROOT ADMIN ACCESS CONTROL SHELL ACCESS CONTROL DIRECTORY essere nennen tette tenant nete tts se tat ans 48 ROOT AD MIN BOOT DIBECTORY s icis RR BA RR RN RN 50 ROOT ADMIN EEASH DIREGTO BY i eva bere Or P co EN c e RE be RE D NS 53 ROOT ADMIN IP SERVICES D IRECTORY ssssssssssescsssssescsssessecsssssseseusseseseusueseseusseseseusueseseusueseseusuesesessussesessaesesessassesessansesestanseets 54 ROOT ADMIN IP SERVICES DHCP D IRECTO RY c sssssssssssssscssssssscssssssesssssesesessueseseusseseseussesesessuesesessaesesessaesesessaesesessanseseseenseees 55 ROOT ADMIN IP SERVICES RADIUS Iesse tates sa soto ass sa nennen eene 57 ROOT ADMIN IP SERVICES SYSLOG DIRECTORY ssssssssssssessssssscsssssescsssesseseusseseseussesesessseseseusseseseusaesesessaesesessaesesestaeseseseansnees 59 ROOT ADMIN IP SERVICES TOD DIRECTORY esses entente tenente tenente atenta tate ta tease tates so seats sa soa sa so seats sa nenene sous 60 ROOT ADMIN SEC SERVICES DIRECTORY s sssssssssssssssssssssssscsssesseseusseseseusseseseusseseseusseseseusseseseusuesesesssesesessuesesessassesessaesesestansnees 62 ROOT CABLE DIRECTORY 32 AA tet etd o a ttd ev LO oe o o e Pert v dre br e Peu evt er ERR 64 ROOT CABLE BPI D TRECT O RY 554 aac edit cc cic pa c d i e pa c PR Cu ER Dn d e 67 ROO
134. t min gmt 30 root admin sec services Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter CMTS User Manual sec services root admin sec services Manages the CMTS security services Refer to Chapter 5 Advanced O perations for descriptions of security services arpm static db set show dhcp monitoring arp monitoring cm snmp filters max cpe per cm cm snmp community cmts prov secret reflection mode drop cm on lease expire None show root admin sec services show This command displays the all security services configuration ae The descriptions are explained below ow show show dhcp monitoring disable 0 arp monitoring disable 0 cm snmp filters disable 0 max cpe per cm 16 cm snmp community public cmts prov secret 123456 reflection mode no reflection 0 drop an on lease expire disabled 0 dhcp monitoring root admin sec services dhcp monitoring The command determines whether to monitor and validate DHCP traffic authenticity set dhop monitoring 1 where 1 is enabled and 0 is disabled s amp dhop monitoring show dhcp monitoring dhcp monitoring enable 1 arp monitoring 62 Version 3 0 33 Full path Description
135. t 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description CMTS User Manual See show command above type root interfaces type Displays the interface type defined by the DOCSIS MIB show show show See show or show mac command above mtu root interfaces mtu Displays the MTU Maximum Transfer Unit defined by the DOCSIS MIB MTU is defined as the maximum transfer unit size which may be transferred over this interface show show show See show or show mac command above speed root interfaces speed Displays the interface speed show show show See show or show mac command above physical address root interfaces physical address Displays the physical address of the interface show show show See show command above admin status root interfaces admin status Displays the admin status of the interface To change the admin status you must define the status in the appropriate directory show show show See show or show mac command above operation status root interfaces operation status Displays the operational status of the interface This r
136. tart 4 4 show See show above tx backoff end root cable upstream tx backoff end The command defines the final random backoff window to use when retrying D ata Requests set rx badcof end 4 13 deine dhannd amp value Value 0 15 and default 9 set tx back off start 4 13 show See show above group id root cable upstream group id The command defines group identifier for this upstream channel G roups are identified in the gt root cable upstream groups directory s amp group id 4 1 define upstream amp group number Value 0 4 and default 0 s amp group id 4 1 show See show above registered cms root cable upstream registered cms This displays the number of Cable Modems currently registered per upstream channel show show show See show above active cms root cable upstream active cms This displays the number of Cable Modems currently active per upstream channel This is defined as the number of CMs that have requested data grants in the past 60 seconds show show show See show above 87 Version 3 0 33 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description CMTS User Manual average bitrate root cable upstream average bitrate The calculated average bit rate on the specified upstream channel show sh
137. tected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher layer protocol One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space show show show See show or show mac command above IX eITOIS root interfaces rx errors Displays the number of packets with errors received on the interface selected EURO DOCSIS DOCSIS Specification defines errors as the number of inbound packets that contained 99 Version 3 0 33 Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax CMTS User Manual errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher layer protocol For character oriented or fixed length interfaces the number of inbound transmission units that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher layer protocol show show show See show or show mac command above tx bytes root interfaces tx bytes Displays the number of bytes transmitted on the interface selected show show show See show or show mac command above tx pkts root interfaces tx pkts Displays the number of packets transmitted on the interface selected show show show See show or show mac
138. tenance background function DHCP Server DOCSIS Cable Modems as well as customer premise equipment CPE devices require IP addresses to function These DHCP scopes can be configured to hand out either public or private IP addresses The DHCP server works in conjunction with the TFTP server The DHCP server can be configured to act as a provisioning server by allowing certain MAC Media Access Control addresses TFTP amp FTP Server Trivial File Transfer Protocol amp File Transfer Protocol are Internet software utilities for transferring files DOCSIS cable modems require a configuration file that dictates the operational parameters to the modem The TFTP server is responsible for issuing the configuration file to the modem after the modem has received an IP address from the DHCP server The modem configuration file then either allows or denies the CPE device the ability to acquire an IP address from the D HCP server The modem configuration file specifies the modem downstream and upstream minimum and maximum speeds This is how Quality of Service 05 is achieved in most scenarios Note It is recommended that the DHCP server will be located at the headend 3 b E 3 CMTS User Manual 12 Version 3 0 33 Ethemet N etwork Checklist The following must be on site and operative before installing and operating the Blonder Tongue CMTS Internet router and Internet connectivity available 10 100BaseT Ether
139. ter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual physical address 00 01 cb 28 00 a8 sync interval 20 ucd interval 1000 max service ids 3000 invited ranging attempts 16 insert interval 10 map advance factor 0 map base time 2600 ip complete timeout 15 registration timeout 15 physical address root cable show The CMTS s cable physical address is displayed when performing a show command This address is the MAC Address used in the DOCSIS MAC Management messages It cannot be seen outside the RF network none display only show physical address physical address 00 01 cb 28 00 a8 sync interval root cable sync interval The command defines the time interval between consecutive MAC sync messages in milliseconds syncinterval 25 Value 1 200 default 20 s sync interval 25 show sync interval sync interval 25 ucd interval root cable ucd interval The command defines the time interval between consecutive MAC UCD messages for each upstream channel tenth seconds set uod interval 1500 Value 1 2000 default 1000 se ucd interval 1500 show uod interval ucd interval 1500 max service ids root cable max service ids The command displays t
140. ter ensure that it supports DOCSIS and EuroDOCSIS compliant 5 NTSC Dependent on country nternational PAL Dependent on country 64QAM amp 256QAM Modulated D ata Transmitting CMTS User Manual 9 Version 3 0 33 Spectrum Analyzer Support A Spectrum Analyzer is a device commonly used for measuring the RF network for installation and adjustment of the RF sequence Ensure that your Spectrum Analyzer supports frequencies between 5 900MHz average and maximum measurements spectrum and maximum hold In addition please make that you have the following engineer familiar with the operation of the Spectrum Analyzer Ensure that there is an F connector for the IF input Fixed Value Attenuators When installing the Blonder Tongue CMTS you must have fixed value attenuators on your site that can reduce the signal level as required BNC Test Port The CMTS has a BNC test port available on the front of the Chassis The port is 20dB of the output IF signal Preparing the Ethemet N etwork Ethernet network parameters refer to the network parameters located at the headend site To set up this aspect of the site you must obtain the following information ntemet Information below Ethemet Network Checklist Intemet Information An Internet Router is needed for layer 3 routing of IP packets between the Blonder Tongue CMTS Cable Modems and CPE on one side and the Internet on the other The router is also r
141. this procedure ensure the following the CMTS power is turned ON the Upconverter power is turned ON you have a Spectrum Analyzer Step 1 Determining Cable Plant Connection Method Note There are often several viable methods to connect a 5 system into a cable plant Below are several examples If you should have any questions regarding the methods available to you please contact Blonder Tongue Support The configuration of the Blonder Tongue CMTS into the live cable plant is one of the most important steps for successful and reliable operation O ften future problems with signal levels on both the downstream and upstream can be avoided by taking careful steps to ensure that the guidelines below are met Downstream refers to the RF signal 101 858 MHz from the Upconverter to the end user Upstream refers to the RF signal 5 65 MHz from the end user cable modems to the CMTS Most common scenarios A Combining Network B HFC Plants with off site combining networks and feeds A Combining N etwork Cable Plants using a combining network are the most common configuration A series of modulators and Upconverters integrate 6 MHz for NTSC and 8 MHz for PAL RF channels in a signal spectrum that is amplified and distributed throughout a coaxial network See Fig A CMTS User Manual 17 Version 3 0 33 Combined Data and Video Signal to RF Distribution 101 858 Mhz Downstream to Modems 5 65 Mhz
142. tput 1 Special O perations Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Special O perations CMTS User Manual The shell admin level login name set command You can input up to a 15 character string in this field default admin sd admin login show s standard commands show admin login admin login admin none admin password root admin access control shell access control admin password The shell admin level login name set command You can input up to a 15 character string in this field default operator admin password show s standard commands show admin password admin password eek You will be requested to enter the new admin password twice for validation Asterisks will be shown on console while typing user login root admin access control shell access control user login The shell admin level login name set command You can input up to a 15 character string in this field default user sd user login show s standard commands show user login user login user none user password root admin access control shell access control user login The shell admin level login name set command You can input up to a 15 character string in this field default password sd user login show s standard commands show user login user login You will be requested to enter the new user password tw
143. tream frequency The command defines the frequency used in Hertz s amp frequency 3 29000000 sets upstream 3 to 29M hz Value 5 42000000 sd frequency 3 29000000 show 85 Version 3 0 33 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 CMTS User Manual See show command above When frequencies are programmed to the same frequency Load Balancing will be disabled for those channels width root cable upstream width This specifies the bandwidth for the upstream channel See Appendix E for more information sd width 3 1600000 width 3 1600000 or se all show See show command above modulation profile root cable upstream modulation profile The command defines the index of the modulation profiles used by the upstream channel The modulation profiles are located in gt root cable modulation directory sd modulation profile 4 2 sets upstream 4 to 160A Value 1 QPSK and 2 160AM modulation profile 4 2 or s all 4 show See show command above slot size root cable upstream slot size The
144. tream channel amp tolerance V alue 0 6 Commands sd rx tolerano 4 6 Example 1 show Output 1 See show above root cable upstream group Directory Directory group Directory path root cable upstream group Description Manages upstream interface commands and statistics Sub Directories None Parameters show set group status lb method lb on join lb on timer cm min threshold br min threshold Special O perations None When frequencies are programmed to the same frequency Load Balancing will be disabled for those channels Parameter show Full path root cable upstream group show Description The command displays the upstream group configuration the descriptions are explained below CMTS User Manual 89 Version 3 0 33 Syntax show Commands show Example 1 show Output 1 group id group status lb method 1b on join Ib on timer am min threshold br min threshold 1 inactive 0 on join 1 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 2 inactive 0 on join 1 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 3 inactive 0 on join 1 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 4 inactive 0 on join 1 registered cms 2 active cms 3 2 50000 Parameter group status Full path root cable upstream group group status Description The command defines the group status Syntax s amp group status 4 2 Value 1 4 group ID amp Value inactive 0 load balancing 2 Commands s amp group status 4 2 Example 1 sh
145. uators at the insertion point of the CMTS Upstream RF Inputs to ensure that the upstream return path is at 0OdBmV at the back of the CMTS It is better to balance the retum modules of the RF distribution plant s active CMTS User Manual 19 Version 3 0 33 components to deliver as much signal as possible at the headend without overdriving the amplifiers The attenuation can then be reduced or increased at the back of the CMTS by changing the pad values E Note In order for the modems to operate the canier to noise ratio of the upstream signal transmitted from the modem to the CMTS must be at least 21 dB Consideration of NTSC and PAL systems may need to be considered and below describes the frequencies that are affected Step 4 NTSC and PAL Overlapping Channels Frequency MHz NTSC Video PAL Video Video Center CH Preset CH Preset 133 25 135 C 16 5 5 20 175 25 177 7 07 E 5 05 217 25 219 J 23 E 11 11 259 25 261 Q 30 S 15 30 319 25 321 DD 40 S 23 38 343 25 345 HH 44 S 26 41 367 25 369 LL 48 S 29 44 415 25 417 TT 56 5 22 37 439 25 441 XX 60 5 38 53 463 25 465 64 5 41 56 487 25 489 FFF 68 23 59 511 25 513 JJ 72 26 62 535 25 537 76 29 65 Configuring the CMTS Using Terminal Commands The initial configuration of the CMTS using the HyperTerminal is done to connect the CMTS management computer and router Subsequent configurations of the CMTS can be done using NMS optional The following steps are required Step 1
146. ue CMTS Blonder Tongue QAM Upconverter Management system software optional EuroDOCSIS DOCSIS modems connected through the RF network DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol TOD Time of D ay and TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Servers The CMTS contains the following Boot Image The initial code that is activated when the CMTS is turned on Application Image This is the CMTS software that the boot loads from the flash Configuration file The CMTS configuration information is kept in this file besides the minimal required information for the boot step this information is in All files are being kept on the flash The CMTS configuration file is in a binary format The Blonder Tongue CMTS is configured from the computer using different protocols that enable it to communicate with the CMTS Serial Monitor HyperT erminal Terminal Telnet Up to eight concurrent connections EMS Blonder Tongue Management System TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Each protocol can be used under different circumstances For example the monitor HyperTerminal is used when configuring CMTS for the first time whereas the E MS can be used for subsequent configurations CMTS User Manual 8 Version 3 0 33 Preparing the N etwork The headend site refers to the environment in which the Blonder Tongue CMTS is to be installed At the headend site you must do the following Prepare the Hea
147. ug am all 172 0 11 12 or debug am all 00 30 54 096 debug am all 00 30 54 0 96 debug cm all 00 30 54 ff ce 96 Issue SM Sid 0x3 Channel 1 00 30 54 FF CE 96 Station Ranging Received on channel 1 payload sid 0x3MAC 00 30 54 FF CE 96 Ranging Response Chan 1 Sid 0x3 MAC 00 30 54 FF CE 96 Status 3 Power dBmV 0 00 Freq 0 Time 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 CMTS User Manual debug cm syslog root debug debug an syslog The command displays dumps the syslog messages generated by the CM to the console The purpose of this feature is to enable the operator on the setup phase before the EMS or the syslog server is installed to view the CM syslog messages debug am syslog on off debug am syslog on debug cm syslog on debug dhcp drops root debug debug dhcp drops The command display messages generated by the DHCP monitor to the console triggered by illegal D HCP messages detected by this module The purpose of this feature is to provide the operator detailed information on the DHCP activity Enable this command when encountering D HCP problems to learn if the source of the problem is the DHCP monitor Tum off this feature when debug is over as it can generate many messages to the CMTS console debug dhqp drops on off debug dhqp drops on debug dhcp drops off 95 Ver
148. utput 1 Parameter Full path Description Syntax Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path Description state CMTS User Manual rangng 1 up id ip address mg complete up id ip address 0 0 0 0 00 30 54 FF C0 5B 0 00 23671 2849 address power freq time adj Offset offset 192 168 0 26 00 30 54 87 0 00 25000 510 192 168 0 22 00 30 54 2 2 0 25 21406 512 192 168 0 23 00 30 54 80 0 00 25078 2789 192 168 0 29 00 04 BD E3 96 60 0 25 24062 512 1 0 0 0 0 00 30 54 FF C0 5B 0 00 23671 284 mac address power freq time adj Offset offset 192 168 0 26 00 30 54 87 0 00 25000 510 192 168 0 22 00 30 54 2 2 0 25 21406 512 192 168 0 23 00 30 54 80 0 00 25078 2789 192 168 0 29 00 04 BD E3 96 60 0 25 24062 512 192 168 0 27 00 30 54 0 5 0 00 23671 2849 reset all root modems reset all The command resets all registered modem Tesd all Value None reset all show Modems will not appear until they are registered again index root modemy index Displays the intemal index number none display only show See show command above service id root modems service id Displays the upstream service identifier of the specified modem none display only show See show command above ranging state root modems ranging state Displays the ranging state of the specified modem The ranging state could be one of the following
149. ve 5 show interleave interleave taps32Increment4 5 annex root cable downstream annex The command displays the annex type used on the downstream channel show annex show annex or show show annex annex annexB 4 registered cms root cable downstream registered cms This displays the number of cable modems currently registered on this downstream show registered cms show registered cms or show show registered cms registered cms 30 active cms root cable downstream active cms This displays the number of cable modems that requested data grants in the past 60 seconds on this downstream show active ans show active cms or show show active cms active cms 20 average bitrate root cable downstream average bitrate 77 Version 3 0 33 Description Syntax Commands Example 1 Output 1 This displays the calculated average bitrate on this downstream based on samples taken on a periodic basis show average bitrate show average bitrate or show show average bitrate average bitrate 1327 root cable modulation Directory Directory Directory path Description Sub Directories Commands Parameters Special O perations modulation root cable modulation Manages the modulation profiles The modulation profile is transferred in the UCD message and is used by both the CM and the CMTS to be able to communicate properly in the upstream None show set set all add del
150. x Commands Example 1 Output 1 Parameter Full path CMTS User Manual set all root cable modulation set all This command is used to set the profile related to each Interval Usage Code IUC for a specified modulation profile Errors or incompatible configurations in the profile s cause modems to drop connectivity drop short or long data packets or fail to connect to the network You cannot use the set all command if the modulation profile is used by an active upstream channel You must create a new modulation with the add command or set the admin status of the upstream channels that use this profile to down sd all mp5 3 1st number is Profile 2 4 number is IU C Value mp1 through mp8 profiles are available IUC values are mp1 mp2 mp3 mp4 mp5 mp6 mp7 mp8 sd all mp5 3 set all mp5 3 control 2 1 gt modulation type 3 preamble len 128 gt differential encoding 2 gt fec error correction 5 gt fec codeword length 34 gt scrambler seed 338 gt max burst size 0 gt last codeword shortened 2 gt scrambler 1 gt del root cable modulation del This command is used to delete a modulation profile dd mp1 mp8 Value mp1 through mp8 profiles are available dd mp 5 show mp5 no output will be shown it is deleted index root cable modulation index This displays the index of the modulation profile This is a display only N A Value N A sh

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