Instruction Manual - Baader Planetarium
Contents
1. The nominal position of the spectrum back focal plane is located 55mm 3 5mm outside the T2 port The CCD or DSLR detector must be placed at this location Three degrees of freedom center the spectrum on the CCD chip X lateral Y vertical and Z gt a focus Lateral 23 Vertical A total of four screvvs in BACHES control the shifts in X lateral Y vertical and Z focus The provided set of Allen vvrenches can be used to adjust these screws Focusing of the spectrum on the detector is controlled by turning the screw in the focusing box with the 2 5mm Allen wrench Notice the pin in the box indicating the physical focusing limits The X shift lateral is done by using the 1 5mm Allen wrench to move the two screws in a push pull action Loosen one and tighten the other Operate them in quarters of a turn or less The vertical Y shift is controlled with a screw located close to the echelle axis It is adjusted with the 2 0mm Allen wrench Adjust it in increments of less than a quarter turn 3 3 The slit viewer 3 3 1 Attaching an eyepiece Mount the slit viewer onto the 20mm guiding eyepiece Slide the 1 stop ring onto the eyepiece chrome sleeve and lock it Insert the eyepiece assembly into the 1 slit viewing port 25 26 Remove the cap from the 2 nosepiece and direct itto an illuminated surface Roughly focus the slit by manually by pushing or pull2. The Behavior of Chemical Elements in Stars Author Pub date Pages ISBN Carlos Jaschek 1995 324 052141136X The Classification of Stars Author Pub date Pages ISBN Carlos Jaschek 1990 432 0521389968 Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics Vol 3 Stellar Structure and Evolution Author Erika Boehm Vitense Pub date 1992 Pages 285 ISBN 0521348714 The Fundamentals of Stellar Astrophysics Author George W Collins Pub date 1989 Pages 494 ISBN 0716719932 E An Atlas of the Thorium Argon Spectrum sa for ESO Echelle Spectrograph Author S D dorico M Ghigo D Ponz Pub date 1987 Pages 169 ISBN none 9 58 Astronomical Spectroscopy for Amateurs Ken M Harrison LE Gef Spectroscopes and How to Use Them Astronomical Spectroscopy for Amateurs Author Pub date Pages ISBN Ken M Harrison 2011 256 1441972382 Grating Spectroscopes and How to Use Them Author Pub date Pages ISBN Ken M Harrison 2012 220 1461413966 COPYRIGHT NOTICE This document is proprietary and for use of the intended recipient only Baader Planetarium GmbH reserves all rights All information contained in this document is subject to Baader Planetarium s copyright Except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews no reproduction of this manual in any form in whole or in part may be made without written authorization from Baader Planetarium Gmb
3. 392 780 nm 25 x 130 um 50 x 130 um 18 000 10 000 55mm 3 5mm 45 A Using BACHES with a telescope of focal ratio lower than f 10 increases collimator vignetting and the efficiency may drop substantially See Appendix F BACHES echelogram on CCD may be adjusted to include red orders beyond 780 nm However a sorting order filter must be used to avoid contamination by blue 2 order Measurements performed with ST 1603ME with 9um pixel size Distance from the spectrum image to the body of the spectrograph BACHES components are designed to ensure full capability for continous remote control due to its constant focal plane in a temperature range of 30 C 46 Appendix F Vignetting Computation of vignetting at the collimator by telescope focal ratio lower than F 10 collimator The BACHES collimator focal ratio is F 10 If the telescope focal ratio is lovver than this value not all the flux vvill pass through the collimator vignetting The amount of vignetting depends also of the diameter of the central obstruction In order to compute the vignetting let s define the necessary parameters as displayed in the Figure below Dt M 1 mirror D diameter of the telescope primary mirror M 1 D diameter of the central obstruction Usually it is the external diameter of the mechanical support of the secondary mirror M 2 D diameter of the projection of the collimator on the M 1 mirror F F and F are t
4. 0s 16 3 Configuring BACHES for astronomical observations 3 1 Coupling a detector to BACHES 3 1 1 Astronomical CCD camera BACHES optical design is optimized to cover the field of CCD chip KAF 1603ME with a dimension of 13 8mm x 9 2mm and a pixel size of 9um This chip size is the minimum required to cover a complete spectrum from 400nm to 700nm in one shot A pixel size of 9um provides a sampling of 2 2 pixels per FWHM of the image of the 25um slit on the detector This size should be the maximum for adequate matching and therefore to achieve the highest resolving power with BACHES Detectors with smaller chip size than 13 8 x 9 2 mm may be used however part of the spectrum will be truncated in particular the reddest orders of the spectrum Suitable CCD cameras for BACHES are SBIG ST 1603ME STF 8300 FLI ML1603 or Aspen CG2 We have used the ST 1603 as an example in this manual 17 18 The SBIG ST 1603ME requires the T 2 Quick Changer Separate the T 2 Quick Changer and screw the steel part to the detector body The remaining ring of the T 2 will be attached to the VariLock Extension see below Tightly screw the VariLock Extension to the T 2 port of BACHES Tightly screw the ring component of the T 2 Quick Changer to the VariLock Extension Attach the CCD camera to BACHES by joining the two components of the T 2 Quick Changer Adjust the orientation of the CCD camerato be approx
5. BAADER BAGHES ECHELLE SPERTROGRAPH February 2015 English Revision v0 6 The collaborators on the BACHES spectrograph project are Max Planck Institut f r Extraterrestrische Physik www mpe mpg de CAOS spectroscopy wordpress com Baader Planetarium GmbH Zur Sternwarte D 82291 Mammendorf Tel 49 0 8145 80 89 0 Fax 49 0 8145 80 89 105 www baader planetarium de BACHES Spectrograph User Manual Thank you for purchasing this Baader Planetarium product To get the most out of your BACHES Spectrograph please read this instruction manual thoroughly before starting to work with the spectrograph Keep this User s Manual available for future reference and visit the Baader Planetarium website http www baader planetarium de for up to date information about the product Unpacking As you unpack the spectrograph check the list below and make sure that all items shown above are included If anything is missing contact your original retailer Packing list for the standard model e BACHES spectrograph e T2 Quick Changer 2456313A e Eyepiece 20mm 1304120 e Adjustable eyepiece holder 2458125 e Allen Wrench 2 5 mm e Allen Wrench 2 0 mm e Allen Wrench 1 5mm e Allen Wrench 1 3 mm VariLock Extension 2956929 1 4 Stop ring 1905131 Slit Viewer Assembly Guiding lens with M28 8 thread Cotton gloves for handling the BACHES Wooden stick for changing the slit Watertight shock resist
6. H Any unauthorized copying any publishing of its content in the internet or intranet any use of this information by third parties and or its dissemination to third parties without the expressed written consent of Baader Planetarium GmbH is a serious infringement Under international copyright laws any reproduction or dissemination of this document by the recipient is expressiy prohibited Any transfer of this document in original or copied form to competitors or other third parties violates applicable public copyright laws Violations of copyright or public procurement laws will be prosecuted under the law Baader Planetarium GmbH 2015 59 BACHES Spectrograph with recommended 5 RCU Unit www baader planetarium de BAADER PLANETARIUM Zur Sternwarte e D 82291 Mammendorf e Tel 49 0 8145 8089 0 e Fax 49 0 8145 8089 105 Baader Planetarium de e kontakt baader planetarium de e Celestron Deutschland de
7. Lock extension Insert the 20mm eyepiece into the 1 adjustable holder Point the 2 nosepiece at a bright light source preferably a fluorescent lamp Focus by sliding the eyepiece in and out Lock the eyepiece with the three lock screws when you reach a rough focus position 11 Rotate the focusing 1 adjustable holder for fine focus adjustments while BACHES 2 nosepiece is aimed at the light source Lock the focus with locking screw once sharp focus is achieved 2 3 Observing some common light sources Spectra were taken using BACHES with the 25um slit and a Nikon model D7100 Please note that the Nikon D7100 s 23 6mm x 15 6mm CMOS image sensor is much larger than the 13 8mm x 9 2mm Kodak KAF 1603 CCD required to cover the wavelength range from 390nm to 00nm 12 Halogen lamp 5300K ISO 200 0 4s Important remark Please notice the presence of a ghost spectrum diagonal trace to the right superimposed over the echelle spectrum This ghost is produced by the small amount of light that is reflected back from the CCD toward the echelle grating This beam is again dispersed towards the detector generating a second undesirable spectrum The intensity of the ghost depends of the reflectivity of the CCD 13 Fluorescent lamp ISO 200 5s Thorium Argon cathode lamp ISO 1000 10s Neon lamp ISO 200 5s Helium Argon cathode lamp ISO 200 2s Solar spectrum ISO 200 1 3
8. ad BACHES with the standard calibration set D 2 Remote Control Unit RCU The RCU 2458605 is a closed box consisting of the following components e Thorium Argon cathode calibration lamp e Halogen lamp with blue filter for flat fields e Power supplies for both lamps and for the motor activating the calibration mirror in BACHES head e Network control unit connects the RCU to a local network with embedded software to control the unit from any PC via web interface or through scripting language e Fiber to connect RCU with BACHES e Power cord for motor in BACHES e Heavy duty mounting rods for customized attachment of the RCU to a telescope e Ready for standard 19 computer racks e Protective enclosure and support for the lamp e Watertight shock resistent ABS flight case with machined compartments to ensure maximum transport safety e manual 43 BACHES with power and fiber cords from RCU 44 Appendix E Specifications Mechanical Weight without cameras and eyepieces Dimensions Electrical Red LED Battery Environmental Operating temperature Storage temperature Operating humidity relative Storage humidity Optical Collimator focal ratio Spectral Range Slit25 Slit50 Average Resolving Power Slit25 R A AA Average Resolving Power Slit50 R A AA Back focal distance without adapter 1350 g 302 x 99x 116mm SR41W 10 to 30 C 30 to 35 C O to 80 O to 60 f 10
9. ent ABS flight case with machined compartments to ensure maximum transport safety Manual Part description 1 2 3 4 J 1 Va Slit viewer port Screws for spectrum lateral adjustment Screw for spectrum vertical adjustment Screw for focusing the spectrum Calibration power port Part description 6 2 Clear Filter 7 2 Nosepiece 8 Calibration mirror manual positioning knob 9 Slit illuminator switch 10 T 2 port 11 Hardened steel adapter M55x1 to 2 thread with 58mm V groove for use with any GAM design Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 QUICK SETUP 2 1 Install an eyepiece for direct observation of the spectrum 3 CONFIGURING BACHES FOR ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS 3 1 Coupling a detector to BACHES scsccscsscsceccsces 3 2 BACHES Alignment cccsccscsccscsccccsccccsceccsceccscecees 3 3 THESE Ve W Eric cc sediments 3 4 Selecting a slit carros 3 5 Coupling the spectrograph to the telescope 3 6 Installing the spectrograph at the telescope APPENDIX A OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES APPENDIX B MAINTENANCE APPENDIX C CARE OF OPTICAL COMPONENTS APPENDIX D CALIBRATION OPTIONS APPENDIX E SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX F VIGNETTING APPENDIX G BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 10 11 12 17 17 23 25 32 34 35 37 40 41 42 45 47 50 1 Introduction BACHES is a light weight medium resolution Echelle spectrograph for observation of bright object
10. er port 29 3 3 3 Zooming the slit viewer The lens inside the slit viewer can be adjusted in order to magnify the image size of the 2 slits on the guiding camera Remove the second 14 Extension tube from the slit viewer lens Release the screw inside the slit viewer lens by turn using the supplied Allen Wrench 1 3mm Slide the lens holder tube towards the guiding camera to reduce image size 30 Minimum magnification as seen by the CCD chip Slide the lens holder tube away from the webcam in order to magnify the image Maximal magnification as seen by the CCD chip Lock the new position of the lens holder tube by tightening the screw Remount the slit viewer lens in the 18mm extension tube 31 3 4 Selecting a slit BACHES is provided with two slits 130um x 25um slit and a 130um x 50um slit You will select one of these two slits based on your seeing conditions and on the required resolution To change the slit introduce a wooden stick through the slit viewer port and very gently push the slit selector to the required position Do not touch the slit itself To select the 25um slit push the slit selector in yellovv from left to right The 25um label appears To select the 50um slit push the slit selector in yellow from right to left The 50um label appears To check the slit selection insert the eyepiece in slit viewer port focus on the slits and switch ON the s
11. he Measure of the Stars Author W A Cooper Pub date 1989 Pages 293 ISBN 0852748302 Handbook of CCD Astronomy Author Steve Bruce Howell Pub date 2006 Pages 220 ISBN 0521617626 nathan Tennyson Astronomical Spectroscopy An Intro Sii auction to the Atomic and Molecular SEIS NA Physics of Astronomical Spectra An introduction to the Abomic and Molecular Physecs of Astronomical Spectra fad Edition Author Jonathan Tennyson Pub date 2011 Pages 236 ISBN 9814291978 91 Keith Robinson A Spectr scopyX Th kevy Ato the Stars ASTRONOMY SEEDS BACEMAN Era Photospheres David F Gray i La dE Dm fa r ut D Li b 4 ee ie as E ETES EA a Yi y Ry ee ee ee ae E WA i aA A ud P E a Lig J if i ll Wh ber ETT LES ker qi MN E 4 l i WIN hi Ale ls 4 J Eu i N I Ik IN Au UA I Third Edition 52 Spectroscopy The Key to the Stars Reading the Lines in Stellar Spectra Author Pub date Pages ISBN Keith Robinson 2007 160 0387367861 Foundations of Astronomy Author Pub date Pages ISBN Michael A Seeds Dana Backmann 2012 672 1133103766 The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres Author Pub date Pages ISBN David F Gray 2008 552 9780521066815 OBSERVING VARIABLE STARS PPOO Pub date Pages ISBN The Physics Observing Variable Stars Gerry A Good 2002 284 1852334983 The Physics of Stars of S
12. he beam F ratio of the telescope collimator and central obstruction respectively The total flux photons s entering into the telescope is A where I is the irradiance by the observed star in photons s m A is the effective area m of the exposed M 1 mirror Therefore the total 47 flux will be IT gt q OD D In the same way the flux crossing the collimator will be Ir gt gt UE The percentage of the flux in the collimator with respect to the total flux in the telescope will be DD Di D But D Ji d A F F where f is the focal length of the telescope Finally the portion of the flux fraction through the collimator will be F D D F D D 48 Practical example The PlaneWave 24 CDK telescope has an aperture of 610 mm and a central obscuration of 250 mm and its focal ratio is F 6 8 If the focal ratio were the same as BACHES F 10 in the equation F F the flux though the collimator would be 1 100 But with F 6 8 the flux through the collimator will be only 0 354 35 4 49 Appendix G Bibliography Stars and Their Spectra An Introduction S TA R S to the Spectral Sequence AND THEIR SPECTRA Author James B Kaler Pub date 2011 Pages 412 ISBN 0521899540 The Spectra and Structures of Simple X Free Radicals An Introduction to Harp o Molecular Spectroscopy Author Gerhard Herzberg Pub date 2012 Pages 226 ISBN 048665821X 50 Getting t
13. imately aligned with BACHES A better adjustment will be obtained by taking spectra from a calibration lamp Tighten the screw of the T 2 Quick Changer to keep the CCD camera attached to BACHES 19 3 1 2 SLR or DSLR body To mount aSLR camera as a detector use the appropriate T 2 adapter Consult Baader Planetarium for available adapters Most cameras may need to be mounted with BACHES upside down Remove the T2 dust cover and the four surrounding M4 screws together with the washers Tightly screw the T Adapter to the T 2 port of BACHES Remove the camera T ring by releasing the 3 small screws Attach the T ring on the camera body Attach the camera body to BACHES and set its orientation by turning the body Lock the camera T ring by retightening the three screws around the ring 21 22 BACHES is now ready for fine focusing and spectrum alignment 3 2 BACHES Alignment BACHES is easily adjusted to obtain the best spectra possible from the instrument The alignment consists in centering and focusing the spectra on your camera The centering has been done in factory during the Quality Control process and in principle should not require any further adjustment However the focus of the spectrum on the CCD or DSLR camera needs a fine tuning BACHES components are designed to ensure full capability for continous remote control due to its constant focal plane in a temperature range of 30 C
14. ing the eyepiece After having focused the image of the two slits lock the eyepiece by using the three locking screws of the 1 slit viewing port Rotate the 1 adjustable clamp for fine focus Lock the clamp with the locking screw when best focus is achieved In order to fix the focus position for the eyepiece slide the 1 stop ring until it contacts the viewer clamp Lock it If needed you can now remove the eyepiece and be able to set it back quickly in focus position 27 3 3 2 Attaching a guiding camera to the slit viewer Remove the 18mm long 14 extension The guiding camera must be provided with a 1 nosepiece to accept the slit viewer assembly and the stop ring Mount the slit viewer onto the 1 nosepiece of the guiding camera and slide the 1 stop ring to the camera Lock the rotation of the screw 1 slit viewing port with the locking screw to avoid rotation of the guiding camera Focus the guiding camera by manually pushing or pulling it Rotate the guiding camera body until the slits appear aligned in the CCD After having focused the image of the two slits lock the guiding camera combo by using the locking screws of the 1 slit viewing port Slide the stop ring and move it to sit flush on top of the eyepiece holder slit viewing port Tighten the stop ring to secure the proper focus position BACHES with guiding camera mounted on to the slit view
15. lit illuminator With the 50um slit selected and the slit illuminator on this is how the slit plate looks through the slit viewer When the 25um slit selected and the slit illuminator on this is how the slit plate looks through the slit viewer Do not forget to switch OFF the slit illuminator by turning the knob until you hear the click off once you are finished with the slit selection 33 3 5 Coupling the spectrograph onto the telescope Standard 2 SC thread V groove in hardened steel M55x1 thread Use the provided 2 nosepiece to attach BACHES onto your telescope The 2 clear filter attached protects the slits against dust Do not remove it unless necessary Alternatively remove the 2 nosepiece and use the female 2 24G thread for attaching BACHES onto the 2 Schmidt Cassegrain thread standard This M55 2 reducer ring is made of hardened tooling steel with an outer V groove for customized adaption onto a GAM unit and for archieving shortest possible backfocus with zero flexure Alternatively remove the steel reducer ring to directly access the M55x1 thread cut into the BACHES guide head 3 6 Installing the spectrograph at the telescope Before attaching BACHES to the telescope make sure you have already focused the spectrum on the camera s focal plane with the proper orientation DE slew drift a star RA Guiding Attach BACHES into the telesco
16. pe with a 2 adapter if using the 2 nosepiece Align the instrument to the telescope With polar aligned equatorial mounts the best orientation is the one that aligns the slits with the Declination slew drift of the telescope A good polar alignment results only in minor drifts in Declination DE Guiding on the star is done best in Right Ascension RA 35 36 Ensure the attachment of the instrument to the telescope by locking the proper adapter screws Then slew the telescope to a bright star Use the telescope s focusing mechanism to focus the star in the middle of the slit by observing its image through an eyepiece or guiding camera Use the slit illuminator to illuminate the slits and slowly slew the telescope to bring the star inside the selected slit Switch off the slit illuminator before starting an exposure with the detector Appendix A Optional accessories T 2 adapters for many SLR camera models Examples Nikon Ref 240 8300 Canon EF Ref 240 8319 Look at the Baader Planetarium website for a complete list CCD Camera Support Plate 2458635 It can be used to fix any camera to BACHES with customized holding structure The Support Plate is first attached to BACHES with the 4x M4 thread around the T 2 thread 3 38 The CCD is then fixed to BACHES with the T 2 thread Custom made support structure can be attached to the plate to hold the camera or posts might be used to
17. s with 20cm to 50cm aperture telescope It is easy to use robust versatile and also works as a stand alone instrument for solar or terrestrial spectroscopy BACHES is an acronym for BAsic CHElle Spectrograph BACHES main features are Spectral range from 392nm to 800nm Range depends on CCD detector size Two interchangeable slits 25um or 50um each 130um long Spectral average resolving power R A AA of 18 000 25um slit and 10 000 50um slit Compact and lightweight only 1350g without camera High mechanical stability lt 9um spectrum shift on detector for worst telescope position test with SBIG ST 1603ME Optimized for CCD with size of 15mm x 10mm 9um pixel size e g KAF 1603 DSLR cameras can be used Optimized for telescopes 8 24 with f 10 aperture Factory tested and aligned Included red LED provides back slit illumination for easy slit identification Ready to accept either of two optional calibration setups More information about the calibration options is in Appendix D 2 Quick Setup 2 1 Installing an eyepiece for direct observation 10 Remove the cap from the 2 nosepiece Remove dust cap from the T 2 port of BACHES by rotating it counter clockwise Select the Baader VariLock extension the 1 eyepiece adjustable holder and the 20mm eyepiece Screw the Baader VariLock extension to the T 2 port of BACHES Screw the 1 adjustable holder to the Baader Vari
18. stabilize it Adapter for C11 C14 2458633 It permits attaching BACHES in the most rigid way to every telescope with 3 3 thread The M68x1 Adapter 2455632 enables the usage of the Baader M68 System which includes various adapters to most common telescopes worldwide and permits fast coupling for example between BACHES and an imaging camera 39 Appendix B Maintenance B 1 Battery replacement 40 Turn the back of the illuminator counterclockwise approximately three turns to open the battery compartment Replace dead batteries with two 1 55V SR41W batteries 2454306 or 2454307 Then turn the back of the illuminator clockwise untill it is completely closed Appendix C Care of optical components Always replace the dust caps after working with BACHES Dust can only be cleaned from the grating and slit by Baader Planetarium Do not clean the slit plate by yourself as this will void the warranty Exposed optical surfaces should not be cleaned with common cleaning agents Use only Baader Planetarium Optical Wonder fluid 2905007 to clean optical surfaces 41 Appendix D Calibration options D 1 Standard Calibration Set Consisting of e Thorium Argon cathode calibration lamp 2458610 e Power supply for cathode lamps 2458620 e Power cable for the cathode lamp e Protective enclosure and support for the lamp e Docking port with coupling optic to attach the lamp to BACHES he
19. tars nn Author A C Philips Ma Pubdate 1999 Pages 262 ISBN 0471987980 ani The Analysis of Starlight Two Centuries ANALYSIS of Astronomical Spectroscopy S Author John B Hearnshavv Pub date 2014 RR Pages 382 gt i ISBN 1107031745 JOHN B HEARNSHAW 53 Theory of Stellar Structure Evolution Dina Prialnik A ha A we 4 j atomic spectra and atomic structure Gerhard Herzberg 94 An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution Author Pub date Pages ISBN Dina Prialnik 2009 328 0521866049 Optical Astronomical Spectroscopy Author Pub date Pages ISBN Christopher R Kitchin 1995 286 0750303468 Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure Author Pub date Pages ISBN Gerhard Herzberg 2010 288 0486601153 los Inga OBSERVERS GUIDE TO STELLAR EVOLUTION Spectrograph Design Fundamentals Author Pub date Pages ISBN Observers Guide to Stellar Evolution Mike Inglis 2013 238 1852334657 Spectrograph Design Fundamentals Author Pub date Pages ISBN John James 2007 204 0521864631 Practical Amateur Spectroscopy Author Pub date Pages ISBN Stephen F Tonkin et al 2002 210 1852334894 95 Journey from the Center of the Sun GRUOS JASCHEK amp MERCEDES JASCHEX 56 Journey from the Center of the Sun Author Pub date Pages ISBN Jack B Zirker 2001 312 0691057818
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