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WMS Tutorial - The University of Texas at Dallas

1. Depth ft Area ac Volume ac ft Outflow cfs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 99 6 393 13 876 0 5 26 828 12 995 43 954 0 75 27 666 19 807 86 269 1 0 25 50 26 828 139 241 1 25 29 340 34 059 201 950 1 5 30 181 41 499 273 794 1 75 31 019 49 150 354 355 2 0 31 858 57 009 443 334 2 25 35 211 90 540 879 902 Click OK to save the FTABLE The final task in defining the reach parameters is to specify the output you want to see from the reach and where HSPF will write the output This is done by defining an External Target You will specify that you want a hydrograph to be output to a dataset in the WDM littleco wdm file for this reach 1 Click on the External Targets button in the HYDR dialog 2 Set the following fields to the specified values Member Member Units Access Aggregation Multiplication Quality Transformation Name subscript Factor flag Function RO ENGL REPL Aggregate 1 0 0 AVER 1 Select the Use existing dataset button 2 Click on the Select Dataset button 3 In the Select Dataset dialog scroll down and select dataset 20 Flow then click the OK button 4 The Dataset name type and number should appear in the Assign External Targets dialog 5 Click Assign to add the External Target line to the lower window 6 Click Done You have now completed the input for the HYDR module in this reach This will be the only module active for this simulation th
2. Note these values were extracted from meteorological datasets l Now that all values are entered for this segment click the Apply Parameters to Segments button This will allow you to assign these same parameters to other segments in the model Choose Shrub amp Brush Rangeland in the Available Segments window move it to the Selected Segments window by clicking the gt button Repeat step 2 for Residential and Mixed Tundra Click OK The selected segments will be assigned the same parameters input here The final step in entering parameters for a module in HSPF is to define time series input External Sources and time series output External Targets For the land segments in this model you will define External Sources for input data but no External Targets will be specified you will choose output to be given at the outlet of the watershed not at each land segment l Click on the External Sources button in the SNOW dialog The Assign External Sources dialog will appear with a list of the datasets available in the WDM file specified for this model ittleco wdm If there is nothing in there and you might also get a warning message that the file is not there Open the littleco wdm file and click OK Assign the following datasets as sources by setting the fields to the appropriate values then clicking the Assign button for each line If you make a mistake choose the incorrect line in the lower window and click
3. 6 Select Feature Objects Build Polygon 7 Select OK to use all the arcs The two polygons should now be drawn with a thick line instead of the thinner arc lines Polygons are built from their constituent arcs Assigning Attributes Each of the nodes arcs and polygons you created were created with default properties or attributes WMS allows you to change the attributes of feature objects 1 While holding the Shift key multi select down select all 5 arc sections in the Vertices Nodes and Arcs portion of the image 2 Select Feature Objects Attributes A dialog will come up allowing you to choose whether you want the arcs to have the Generic Stream Lake or Ridge attribute 3 Select the Stream option 4 Select OK The arcs should now be colored blue Each arc portion should have a small blue arrow on it These arrows show the way the stream you have created 3 6 WMS Tutorials flows The original direction you created the arc determines the way the stream flows now Stream arcs should always be created from downstream to upstream You should also be able to see that the lower node on the arc looks different now WMS has automatically changed it to a drainage outlet instead of a generic node 5 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 6 Double click on the lower node now an outlet A dialog comes up showing that the node now has the Drainage outlet attribute 7 Select OK Just as you can change the
4. This will give lengths and orientation to each segment in the branch and it also maps the segments to their respective branches 10 Follow steps 4 5 and 7 9 for the other two branches giving them their respective Branch ID numbers CE QUAL W2 Interface 21 11 You may end up with more than three branches If this is the case select branches from the CE QUAL W2 pull down menu and highlight the extra branch Select the edit branch parameters button and in the following dialog select the delete branch properties button 21 7 3 Segment Numbering Before continuing it is helpful to find the most upstream segment of each branch In the segment coverage use the select polygons tool to find the segment ID of the most upstream segment of each branch and make a note of the ID s 1 Switch to the branch coverage by selecting branch in the pull down menu near the top left of the screen if it isn t already selected Select the select polygons tool Bl Double click on the main branch Select the segments tab in the polygon branch attributes dialog and highlight the most upstream segment ID Select the make upstream segment button Repeat steps 3 5 for the other branches In the CE QUAL W2 pull down menu select Segment Numbering Select Yes oN Bey Oy A This numbers the segments starting with the upstream segment as segment 2 segment 1 is a dummy segment that is inactive This also designates the upstream and downstream segment
5. 20 21 22 Switch to the Map module Select the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage from the Data Tree Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations Note that hecras is selected as the Scatter dataset In this case it is the only scatter dataset available But if you had multiple datasets you could specify which one to use for the interpolation Choose At a specified spacing for the Create a data point option Enter 60 for the spacing Select OK Select the 1D Hyd Cross Section coverage from the Data Tree Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations Select OK Switch to the Terrain Data module el Select Flood Delineate Toggle on the Search radius check box and enter 1000 for the radius Toggle on the Quadrants check box Enter 4 for the number of stages in a quadrant Select OK WMS now computes two new datasets corresponding to floodplain depths and water surface elevations river bed elevation flood depth Expand the folder named New tin in the Data Tree Expand the folder named W S FLOOD in the Data Tree Select the data set named W S Elev PF 1 FLOOD Select Display Display Options Choose the TIN tab HEC RAS Analysis 13 17 23 Toggle on TIN Contours and choose the Contours button 24 Choose the Color fill between contours option 25 Select OK twice to exit both dialogs These color filled contours represent the varying water surface elevations in the computed floodplain Fo
6. Now that the branch coverage has been created the next step is to define the branches 1 Switch to the Map module Edi 2 Select the zoom tool Kes 3 Create a box around the area shown in Figure 2 Figure 21 2 Branch area of interest 4 Select the create feature arc tool C 5 Starting at one bank at the edge of the polygon click to begin the arc 6 Click on the other edge of the arc If it has connected with the boundary polygon it will automatically end the arc and begin another one 7 Ifthe arc has already snapped to the polygon press the escape key to end the arc CE QUAL W2 Interface 21 7 It is possible to create a curved boundary Although this is not common practice it can be done by simply creating more points along the arc Steps 3 7 should be followed to define as many branches as desired 8 In the Feature Objects pulldown menu choose Build Polygon 9 Press OK at the prompt 10 Choose the select polygon tool Bl 11 Click within each of the sections to make sure that polygons are correctly defining the branches If they are then the branch should become highlighted If the branches are not correctly identified when selected then most likely the arcs created to define them did not snap to the boundary polygon Using the zoom tool can help you identify these problems If the problem persists see Endnote 1 21 6 Create Segments Now we are ready to start creating segments We will st
7. t create our conceptual model outside the domain of our bathymetric data To better see the image we will turn off the display of TIN triangles vertices and contours and turn on the TIN boundary To do this 5 Select the Display Options button g 6 Select the TIN tab 7 Uncheck the Unlocked vertices toggle box it may already be unchecked 8 Uncheck the Triangles toggle box 9 Uncheck the TIN Contours toggle box 10 Make sure the Boundaries box is checked 11 Select OK 13 2 1 Creating the Coverages We need to create a centerline coverage for our reaches and a cross section coverage for our cross sections These will form the core of our conceptual model 2 gp New 1 Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary 30 Map Data 2 Right click on the Coverages folder within the Data Tree and choose NEN Folir f General New Coverage ages Coordinate Conversion s i 1 izre wmstas ime 3 Set its coverage type to D Hyd Centerline HEC RAS Analysis 13 3 Select OK Create another new coverage and set its coverage type to 1D Hyd Cross Section Select OK Activate the centerline coverage by single clicking on its name in the Data Tree 13 2 2 Creating the Centerline and Bank Arcs Centerline arcs are used to define the locations and lengths of the study reaches and assign their attributes We will have a centerline following the main channel as well as the tributary on the west As the flows be
8. 7 7 3 Color Filling Basins WMS also allows you to fill in each basin with a different color This is useful when you do not need the background image to show up m 1 Select the Frame Image macro 2 2 Select Display Display Options g 3 Choose the Map tab 4 Check the Color fill polygons option 5 Select OK 7 14 WMS Tutorials 7 7 4 Turning Displays Off When you are finished using the elevation data you may want to turn the DEM contours and extra streams displays off 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 Choose the DEM tab 3 Uncheck the Flow accumulation and DEM Contours options 4 Select OK 7 7 5 Smoothing Boundaries If you zoom in near the boundary of one of your basins you will see that the boundary lines are not smooth WMS allows you to redistribute vertices to smooth these boundaries N 1 Switch to the Map module Ee 2 Choose the Select Feature Arcs tool K 3 Select Edit Select All 4 Select Feature Objects Redistribute 5 Select the Use Cubic Spline option 6 Enter 100 in the Spacing edit box 7 Select OK When you zoom in on the basin boundaries now they should be much smoother 7 7 6 Shading As you learned in the last tutorial WMS has several options for shading DEMs 1 Select Display Shading Options This time the basin boundaries should show up in color on the shaded image Remember that you can change the position of the light source and other shading options t
9. Contours after swapping edges 2 Zoom out so that you can see the entire TIN 3 Switch to the Drainage module 8 4 Select TIN Define Basins 5 6 3 Pit 2 Inserting a Breakline 1 Zoom in on Pit 2 as shown in Figure 5 7 Figure 5 7 Pit 2 Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 9 2 Switch to the Terrain Data module 5 Select the Create breakline tool Nl 6 Create a breakline as shown in Figure 5 8 Figure 5 8 Pit 2 breakline 7 Select TIN Triangle Insert Breakline s 3 Zoom out so that you can see the entire TIN 4 Switch to the Drainage module Se 8 Select TIN Define Basins 5 6 4 Pit 3 Swapping Edges 1 Zoom in on Pit 3 as shown in Figure 5 9 5 10 WMS Tutorials Figure 5 9 Pit 3 2 Use the Swap triangle edges tool to swap edges by clicking on or near the triangle edge to be swapped for the three numbered triangles in Figure 5 10 and Figure 5 11 36 Figure 5 10 Pit 2 swap edges Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 11 Figure 5 11 Pit 2 swap edges 3 Zoom out so that you can see the entire TIN 4 Select TIN Define Basins 5 6 5 Pit 4 Swapping Edges 1 Zoom in on Pit 4 as shown in Figure 5 12 Figure 5 12 Pit 4 2 Switch to the Terrain Data module 5 12 WMS Tutorials 3 Use the Swap triangle edges tool to swap edges by clicking on or near the triangle edge shown in Figure 5 13 Figure 5 13 Pit 4 swap edge When we
10. Create Reservoir 3 Enter 1973 m for the Water Surface Elevation 4 Select OK The output storage capacity curve will be in English units of acre ft vs ft 5 Select OK to close the plot of the storage capacity curve 8 8 Hydrograph Routing An input hydrograph can be routed through any reservoir or basin on a DEM by using the storage capacity and elevation discharge curves that are defined in the Detention Basin calculator 8 8 1 Open an Input Hydrograph 1 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module jo 2 Use the Select Outlet tool to select the outlet Q 3 Select Hydrographs New Hydrographs From File 4 Open hydro txt 5 Leave the default settings because this is a tab delimited file Select Next 8 20 WMS Tutorials 10 In the File preview spreadsheet map the first column type to Time and the second column type to Flow Select Finish Use the Select Hydrograph tool to select the hydrograph 4 Select Display Open Hydrograph Plot to view the input hydrograph Close the hydrograph window by selecting the X in the upper right of the window 8 8 2 Elevation Discharge Curve Select Calculators Detention Basins Select the Define button Click the Define Discharges button Select the Add Outlet button Enter 3 14 ft for Outlet area Enter 6450 5 ft for Outlet elevation Enter 6448 5 ft for Base elevation Select OK Select OK 8 8 3 Compute the Routed Output Hydrograph l Select the Compute Out
11. Exit on the Steady Flow Analysis window Select File Exit on the main HEC RAS window Select Yes if prompted to save the project before leaving RAS 14 6 3 Post processing l 2 In WMS select HEC RAS Read Solution Open hecras prj 14 14 WMS Tutorials DI 3 Use the Select river reach tool to select the river reach icon displayed on the schematic 4 Select HEC RAS Plot Solution to view the profile plot generated by HEC RAS for the river reach j 5 Use the Select cross section tool to select one of the cross section icons displayed on the schematic 6 Select HEC RAS Plot Solution to view the cross section profile plot generated by HEC RAS 14 7 Floodplain Delineation HEC RAS computes a water surface elevation at each cross section We will interpolate the HEC RAS results along the cross section and centerline feature arcs in order to improve the floodplain delineation WMS intersects the water surface elevation data with the background elevation TIN in order to delineate the floodplain 14 7 1 Interpolating HEC RAS results 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 On the River tab toggle River Hydraulic Schematic off 3 Select OK 4 Switch to the Map module Be 5 Make the D Hyd Cross Section coverage active in the Data Tree 6 Make sure that none of the cross section arcs are selected 7 Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations 8 Choose Create a data point At a sp
12. This will create an arc that joins the outlet of the upper basin with the flow path segment already created for the lower basin Where the flow path segments meet the arc from the lower basin is split into two This will leave four arcs to define time of concentration for the lower basin two will actually be in the stream The arc just created while in the lower basin will not be used when computing time of concentration You have used the Node gt Flow Arcs and Streams gt Flow Arcs commands to automatically generate the flow path segments from flow on a TIN Similarly arcs could have been created from flow on a DEM with flow directions or they could be created manually using the create arc tool When defining arcs manually you must keep in mind that just like stream arcs in the drainage coverage direction is important Time computation arcs should be defined from downstream to upstream 9 6 WMS Tutorials 9 3 Assigning Equations to Time Computation Arcs With the flow path segments defined you are now ready to assign equations that will be used to determine a travel time for the arc Use the following figure as a guide while defining the equations Figure 9 4 Time Computation Arcs 1 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool cd 2 Double click on the arc labeled By default the arc will be a TR 55 sheet flow equation arc so all you need to do is define the overland Manning s roughness coefficient and the 2yr 24h
13. You can end the stream at one location and then continue defining after zooming out by beginning at the point where you left off l 2 Select Display View Previous View Finish defining each branch Begin the branch by clicking near the point you left off with and ending by double clicking at the terminal point of the stream In order to define separate basins at the junction point you will need to convert the node at the junction to an outlet node l 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool ie Select the junction point in the center of the watershed corresponding to the intersection of the streams and the sub basin boundary arcs that you just created Select Feature Objects Attributes Change the attribute to Drainage outlet Select OK 6 2 3 Building Polygons At this point the watershed boundaries are only arcs In order for them to become polygons you must create the polygon topology Choose the Select Polygon tool H Select Feature Objects Attributes Change the attribute to Drainage boundary Select OK Choose the Select Feature Line Branch tool w Select Edit Select All While holding down the Shift key select the southern most stream arc This un selects the stream arcs and leaves the remainder selected for use in polygon generation Select Feature Objects Build Polygon Advanced Feature Objects 6 5 6 2 4 Updating Geometric Parameters 1 Select Display Display Options 2
14. a 2 Open the file named flood tin 3 Select File Open a 4 Open cross_section map N 5 Make sure you are in the Map module Ea 6 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree and select New Coverage from the pop up menu 7 Change the Coverage type to 1 D Hyd Centerline 8 Select OK 9 Select File Open ao 10 Open reaches shp 3M Map Data 11 Select OK M gt default coverage 12 Select the Cross Section coverage from the Data Tree window so that fa 481D Hyd Centerline it will be the active coverage 15 4 2 Define Manning s Roughness Values for Cross Sections 13 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K 15 8 WMS Tutorials 14 Select Feature Objects Attributes This dialog displays the cross section elevations and allows you to edit the cross section stations and or elevations and to assign Manning s roughness values We will increase the Z scale to better distinguish the elevations 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Change the Z scale to 25 1 Choose Cross section I from the list of Cross Sections Select the Edit multiple n values button Enter a value of 0 03 Select OK Select OK when asked if you want to change all Manning s n values Repeat the above steps to assign Manning s n values to the remaining cross sections as shown in the following table Cross Section Name Manning s n Cross section 2 023 Cr
15. the map showed less detail 1 24000 maps cover far less area than 1 100000 or 1 250000 maps so they can show much more detail It would take thirty two 1 24000 maps to cover the same area that is covered by one 1 100000 map If you need a great amount of detail for your watershed you may want to use the 1 24000 maps However if your watershed is very large this size of map will provide too much detail It will be difficult to see the big picture of your watershed 2 4 WMS Tutorials 2 2 2 Manual Resampling You can see that each tif image covers a different sized area When you zoom in on a portion of the image it is resampled or redrawn If you find that zooming in or panning is taking an excessively long time you may want to change the resample option to manual You can do this by selecting the Display menu and choosing the Manual Resample option Then when you want to resample the image choose the Resample command from the Display menu 2 3 World Files Many tif image files do not contain georeferencing information Some organizations distribute world files containing the georeferencing information along with the tif files These world files usually have the same name as the corresponding tif file but with the extension tfw for jpeg files the extension is jgw If you download a world file and are asked to supply a name for it follow this naming convention Use the following procedure to open a tif image and its co
16. you run the SMPDBK simulation WMS saves the SMPDBK input file runs SMPDBK and attempts to read the SMPDBK solution A solution point is placed where each cross section intersects the stream centerline in your hydraulic model 1 Select SMPDBK Run Simulation 2 Save the file as smpdbk dat 3 Select YES to replace the file A window will appear and SMPDBK will run in this window 4 Once SMPDBK finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so choose Close to close the SMPDBK window If SMPDBK finishes running successfully a message such as Stop Program terminated and SMPDBK Finished will appear in the model wrapper 17 3 Post Processing Once you have finished running SMPDBK WMS reads the solution as a 2D scattered dataset This solution contains water surface elevation points where each cross section intersects your stream centerline When you delineate the floodplain you need additional solution points to create a well defined map This section will guide you through the processes of interpolating solution points along the centerline and the cross sections After interpolating to create additional solution points you will learn how to delineate the floodplain from these points 17 3 1 Interpolation N 1 Switch to the Map module 2 Click on the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage to make it the active coverage 17 10 WMS Tutorials Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevation
17. 00 133975 133950 133925 1339 00 133875 1338 50 133825 1338 00 Geom Edit Geo Ref Line Props Point Props Merge Filter xsec idx Display XY VD Cs Name 1 0 000 1340 000 Reach none 2 5 000 1339 500 3 7 500 1338 000 Station 0 000 4 8 500 1337 900 Topo 7 5110 1338 000 z Nudge U StepZ fio 0 Left fal Right ji Points 7 _Down Step D f 0 0 Point Properties 0 Add Line Properties 0 Note co S 4 Cancel Figure 14 2 Adding cross section geometry data to the database 8 Choose the Point Props tab 9 Click the Auto Mark button to automatically define thalweg and right left bank points These reference points will be used to align cross sections for merging 10 Select OK 11 Repeat steps 2 10 to add the 4 remaining channel cross sections in channel txt to the cross section database 12 Click the Save button 14 8 WMS Tutorials 13 14 Select OK Select OK 14 5 4 Align channel cross sections with extracted cross sections l 2 3 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the cross section arc at the top of the screen labeled 0 K Select Feature Objects Attributes Select Assign Xsec This will allow you to view all of the extracted cross sections and assign the highlighted geometry to this cross section arc 4 5 No Database in Memory 10 11 Click the Edit button Select the Line Props tab to view the material
18. 13 2 4 Creating Land Use Materials Coverage One of the properties HEC RAS uses is roughness values We will designate materials to different areas of our model Later we will assign each material a roughness value The material zones are stored in WMS as coverage type Area Property To load the materials data Select File Open a Open the file Materials map Select Edit Materials Click the New button 5 times in order to create 5 new material types Rename the materials as shown below in Figure 13 4 commercial cropland Forest residential river F Legend Options Help OK Cancel Figure 13 4 materials for use in the Area Property coverage 1 If you wish you may set the color and pattern to better match the descriptions Select OK to close the Materials Data dialog Make sure the newly created Area Property coverage materials is active in the Data Tree Right click on the Materials layer and choose Properties HEC RAS Analysis 13 7 5 Change the Coverage type from General to Area Property 6 Select OK Now that you ve defined all the materials you will assign a material type to each polygon in the materials coverage 7 Select the Select Feature Polygon tool w 8 Select the polygon that defines the river area see Figure 13 5 9 Select Feature Objects Attributes 10 Set the polygon type to Material and choose river from the list 11 Select
19. 16 5 9 EXPORTING DA TA TO CA Die T a aa a a a n Eneas 5 17 60 gt ADVANCED FEA TURE OBJE OO a aa arrana rr e TOE Ea Es ooo OEE Es cosecsdasoasvesseaes 6 1 6 1 5 29 A Did Eo e AEE E EE E AE EA E ee ES Pe 6 1 vi WMS Tutorials 6 2 CREATING A WATERSHED FROM SCRATCH WITH FEATURE OBJECTS ccccccccccsssssseceeececeessseeeeeeeeeeees 6 2 6 3 CLEANING oo Soocg ee code sleepin cd oa rece ox oe ea eee ence Res eee Seen eee es 6 5 6 4 FEATURE OBJECTS FROM CAD DATA eiere reee E E AER E E EER E 6 13 6 5 CONCLUSIONS i oa rees e aE EEE o Vaa a E EEEa Ea ERE EEEa 6 15 T DEM DEELINEA TION wivessssssssedssccicsssscdescseesdecenseskecssusGssensdenessendesesescseds io ee aE Ers EEE Soe EE Eos CES Ta ESE EESE 7 1 7 1 OBJECTIVES enoei ei EEO A EE A E A E a E i i i iaa 7 1 7 2 IMPORTING DEM DATA SE so4s sohcclit ste Mossel lids Soci soc tia ath E hic heeteeis didi BS soe 7 2 7 3 COMPUTING FLOW DATA AND ACCUMULATIONS ccssccccssssesecseececesseeeceeseeeecseeecsesseeeceeeaeeessseeeeneaaes 7 3 7 4 DELINEATING WATERSHEDS FROM DEMSG ccsssscesssscecseseeeecssececesaeeecseseeeecsueeeceesaeescseseeeeeseeeceeaaes 7 4 75 GREATING SUB BASINS tnanon foes We BA aa cea eR 7 6 7 6 ADDING A STREAM ARC AND REDEFINING BASINS ccccccessssceessececesssececsssaececeeeeeseeaeeecsesaeeecsseeeenas 7 9 7 7 DISPLAYING DEMS siie eecteden cee E EE E A E tia des seca cesse ceed a Ea A EE iE a na 7 13 7 8 OINEUS OIN N AE EE A E E A E EA 7 15 8 FEDETIING DEMIS A E E A E
20. 2 to zoom out 7 Zoom in around the right stream branch and basin junctions as shown in Figure 6 8 Y Figure 6 8 Zoom Area for Right Stream Branch 1 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool 2 Select the right branch of the stream arc and the basin arc it crosses as shown in Figure 6 9 6 12 WMS Tutorials Left Branch and Basin Arc Right Branch and Basin Arc Figure 6 9 Stream Branches and Basin Arcs to Clean l Select Feature Objects Clean 2 Make sure the Intersect selected arcs check box is selected 3 Select OK The two arcs are intersected and a node is placed at the intersection point As before this node needs to be an outlet 8 9 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A Select the node Select Feature Objects Attributes Select the Drainage outlet radio button Select OK Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K Select the left branch of the stream arc and the basin arc it crosses as shown in Figure 6 9 Select Feature Objects Clean Make sure the ntersect selected arcs check box is selected 10 Select OK Advanced Feature Objects 6 13 The two arcs are intersected and a node is placed at the intersection point As before this node needs to be an outlet 1 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 2 Select the node 3 Select Feature Objects Attributes 4 Select the Drainage outlet radio button 5 Select OK ux 6 U
21. 2 Select the portion of the arc between nodes 3 and 7 3 Select the Delete key to delete the arc 4 Choose the Create Feature Arc tool pa 5 Click on the node labeled 3 6 Double click on the node labeled 7 to re form the arc 3 2 5 Converting Vertices to Nodes WMS uses vertices and nodes for different purposes Sometimes you will need to change a vertex to a node or a node to a vertex 1 Choose the Create Feature Vertex tool 2 Click on the arc somewhere between nodes 3 and 7 3 Choose the Select Feature Vertex tool A 4 Select the vertex you just made 5 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node You should now see a red node at this location 3 2 6 Converting Nodes to Vertices Just as you can change vertices to nodes you can change nodes to vertices 1 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 2 Click on the node you just converted 3 2 7 3 2 8 Basic Feature Objects 3 5 3 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node You can see that the node has been changed back to a vertex Building Polygons Find the portion of the image labeled Polygons 1 Choose the Create Feature Arc tool f 2 Single click at the point labeled 7 on polygon A 3 Single click on points 2 through 70 4 Single click on point again to end 5 Trace polygon B in the same manner You should now have two closed loops made out of the arcs just created They are not polygons at this time they are still just arcs
22. 4 Ensure that Shapefile Join Field and Table Join Field are both set to MUID 5 Change the Table Data Field to HYDGRP 6 Select OK 7 Right click on statsgo shp in the Data Tree 8 Select Open Attribute Table Notice that the HYDGRP field is now a part of the shapefile 9 Select OK 10 2 4 Convert Soil Shapefile Data to Feature Objects 1 Choose the Select Shapes tool k 2 Draw a selection box around the DEM extents 3 Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects 4 Select Next This window shows all of the attribute fields in the soils shape file Because this file was derived from a standard NRCS statsgo file you will notice that the hydrologic soil groups field is named HYDGRP and so WMS will automatically map this to be the soil type If the attribute field were named anything other than HYDGRP then you would have to manually map it using the drop down list in the spread sheet 10 4 WMS Tutorials Make sure the HYDGRP field is mapped to the SCS soil type attribute Select Next Select Finish Clear the selected polygons by single clicking somewhere beyond the extents of the shapefile polygons Hide the statsgo shp file by toggling off its check box in the Data Tree 10 2 5 Open the Land Use Data 10 11 12 13 N Switch to the Map module fa Select the Land Use coverage in the Data Tree to designate it as the active coverage Switch to the GIS module Select Data Add Shapefile Data Open 7 richut
23. 55 W 38 41 06 N 2 112 28 38 W 38 34 36 N Images 2 7 3 112 19 49 W 38 34 34 N 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save your changes 2 5 Aerial Photographs 2 5 1 It is often useful to use aerial photographs as background images in WMS http terraserver microsoft com has a large selection of satellite photos aerial photographs and images for locations throughout the United States The aerial photographs from the TerraServer come with world files simplifying the image registration process Download an Aerial Photograph from the Terraserver To demonstrate TerraServer we will download an aerial photograph of part of the Clear Creek watershed in Richfield Utah If you are unable to connect to the internet at this point or if you have difficulties obtaining the file s you can skip ahead to section 2 5 2 below and use the ClearCreek jpg and ClearCreek jgw files previously downloaded 1 Go to http terraserver microsoft com 2 Type Joseph UT in the Search TerraServer edit box shown in Figure 2 2 Search Terraserver State uT sR go Figure 2 2 Search TerraServer Edit Box and GO button 1 Choose GO see Figure 2 2 2 8 WMS Tutorials 2 Choose the Topo Map 7 1 1980 for Joseph Utah United States as shown in Figure 2 3 Even though we are searching for an aerial photo we will look at the topographic map as it is easier to
24. A E NEEE A EE 8 1 8 1 OBJECTIVES AAE E PE E E E A A E T 8 1 8 2 RUNNING TOPAZ AND BASIN DELINEATION ccccccesssscecseeececssececeeaececeeseeeecseeecsesaeesceeeeeseesneeeenenaes 8 2 8 3 DEMEU COMMAND aee a a a nde hens eia eenaa 8 3 8 4 EDITING FLOW DIRECTIONS tinte i ns So eee E ew ee 8 6 8 5 EDITING ELEVATIONS TO CREATE STREAMSG cccssscessssceceessesecseccecesaeeecsesaeeeceeeeeeseaeeecsssaeeseneeesensas 8 11 8 6 EDITING ELEVATIONS USING FEATURE ARCS ccccccessssceceesececsneeecessaeeecsesaececeeeeeessueeecsesaeeseseeeensaa 8 16 8 7 COMPUTING A STORAGE CAPACITY CURVE cccccssssssesssececseeececesccecessueeeceeseeseceeeeeeseaeeecsesaeseeseesenes 8 19 8 8 HYDROGRAPH R OUTING oo deorienn Rn kh Mike eke Sis he others ee Sie 8 19 9 TIME OF CONCENTRATION CALCULATIONS AND COMPUTING A COMPOSITE CN 9 1 9 1 READINGA TIN EIE 2 2 woth ta Mil had etnaieae Gita wkt a dn tial eA aki ieeeGe hee 9 2 9 2 DEFINING FLOW PATH ARGS ieoi eo cei Ack ge is eR Res eo ree 9 3 9 3 ASSIGNING EQUATIONS TO TIME COMPUTATION ARCS ccecssscesssscesesssececsssaeeeceneceesssseeecsesaeeseneeeeenees 9 6 9 4 USING THE TIME COMPUTATION ARCS TO COMPUTE TIME OF CONCENTRATION FOR A TR 55 SIMULATION 2 220 c0 5 20 46 00 dete E E te as ete seats sane poe led E E de vias lal 9 8 9 5 USING THE TIME COMPUTATION ARCS TO COMPUTE THE TRAVEL TIME BETWEEN OUTLET POINTS9 11 9 6 COMPUTING A COMPOSITE CURVE NUMBER csssssessssceceeseeeeceeceecessaeeecsesaececeeeeeeesaeeecs
25. Canyon Model in the Title field Click on the Start Time button enter Year 1996 Month 1 Day 1 Hour 0 Minute 0 Second 0 0 Click OK the start date will appear to the right of the Start Time button Click on the End Time button enter Year 1999 Month 7 Day 31 Hour 0 Minute 0 Second 0 0 Click OK the end date will appear to the right of the End Time button Enter 24 in the hours field under the Time step heading leave minutes at 0 Ensure that the Units flag is set to English Change the Run Flag to 1 this indicates that HSPF will interpret the data and run the simulation 0 indicates that HSPF will only interpret error check the data Set the OUTLEV to 10 under Output Levels this indicates maximum output to the Error and Warning files Leave the SPOUT flag at 0 this is only for Special Actions In the Files section enter ittleco in the Prefix field then click the Update Filenames button This names all the HSPF input output files associated with this model to the same name HSPF Interface 20 3 Note you have just indicated that you will be using a file named littleco wdm for time series input and output this file must be created and named appropriately outside of WMS this has been done for you in this case 11 Select OK The Global Options are now set for your model You are now ready to proceed to segmenting the watershed and entering parameters for the segments 20
26. Delete 20 8 WMS Tutorials Member Member Units Missing Transformation Quality Multiplication Dataset Name subscript Data flag Factor PREC ENGL UNDF SAME 0 0 25 3 PREC ENGL UNDF SAME 0 0 75 7 DTMPG ENGL UNDF AVER 0 1 0 14 WINMOV ENGL UNDF AVER 0 1 0 15 SOLRAD ENGL UNDF SAME 0 1 0 16 AIRTMP ENGL UNDF AVER 0 0 4 17 AIRTMP ENGL UNDF AVER 0 0 6 18 1 Since you will add other External Sources to this segment with the PWAT module input you will not assign the External Sources to other segments yet Click Done to return to the SVOW dialog 2 Click OK to return to the Pervious Land Activities dialog You have completed the set up of the SVOW module You will now repeat the same basic steps to set up the PWAT module for the land segments of the model 1 Click on the PWAT button in the Pervious Land Activity dialog 2 In the PWATER dialog that appears enter the following values in the appropriate fields leave other fields at the default values PWAT PARM1 PWAT PARM2 PWAT PARM3 PWAT PWAT PWAT PARM4 PARM5 STATE1 CSNOFG On_ LZSN 5 0 DEEPFR 0 1 CEPSC 0 1 CEPS 0 2 RTOPFG On_ INFILT 0 48 PETMAX UZSN 1 0 UZS 1 0 UZFG On LSUR 2258 0 35 0 NSUR 0 25 LZS 6 0 SLSUR 0 25 PETMIN 30 0 INTFW 3 0 AGWS 1 6 KVARY 0 7 IRC 0 7 GWVS 1 9 AGWRC 0 997 LZETP 0 8 Now that all values are entered for this segment click
27. ETE E R E 4 1 4 1 OBJECTIVES a Sn a E EE N E EE oe a NE 4 1 4 2 GETTING DEMS FROM THE INTERNET cccccesesseseceeececsesssecesececseseseceeececeesessaaeeeeecsesenseaeeeeeeeeeensaaeas 4 2 4 3 MERGING DEMS a ecselssiacecsdiveavcnctwakeeie aeae aa Sotrab bata a NPT Soca ds Seow alee aes Cats BRT teste sane 4 7 4 4 TRIMMING DD EMS cad cec3 tt oneness oes a Sebo es ey ee peace sw E e Gace Sebo E Soe da ow tase ates HAT aa ea eee ES 4 8 4 5 DISPLAYING DEM S rart n tee Reh EES IRS Soh oe E Cw CRESS Asse ates E Bat act 4 9 4 6 CONCEUSION 23250005 EE saci ER EEEE E E eB Cac E R R EEKE 4 11 5 USING TRIANGULATED IRREGULAR NETWORKS ccsssssssssssssssersccccsssssseeccesessssscenecessees 5 1 5 1 OBJECTIVES a oe Oe eee 5 1 52 IMPORTING SURVEY DATA in na secede tc cvisn taeda O tka n dae doa ea as E AEST SH Gee 5 2 5 3 TDIGIVIZING B YU V WERE AEE EE tench Meike AEE Peat Ue tae toe Madd Na tons tte Marista ati stt a toes obs 5 2 5 4 TRIANGULATION A nonae a E ge ex eee eS ER ae cals Ree Ra We Du CARS ah PRR BC de at UR aC ua eh Sees 5 3 5 5 AUTOMATED TIN EDITING tec csos525 lt 3 o8siics cases ocnies dee celedh e hcedeabes dhs cued A sabia Sendo tb ateae 5 3 5 6 MANUAL TIN EDITING oooc8yccscceds he a Ss Shai ce Reh oleae cen dnov a a deed Ba Wathans E EEEE 5 6 5 7 CREATING A TIN USING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL cccssesssseeeceesessssececeeecsesssaeeeeececsensauseeeececeeneaaees 5 12 5 8 CONVERT TO DEM KAIPARA EE EEEE E E A T E EE te tate aot E 5
28. Flow vs Time PEAK 57 67 TIME OF PEAK 22min VOLUME 76129 47 Ce 60 5 g ge 2 30 z ra 2 Figure 11 3 Rational Method Hydrograph for a Basin 1 When you are finished viewing the hydrograph close the plot window by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the window 11 2 4 Defining Rainfall Intensities at the Outlet to Compute Runoff Hydrographs WMS can determine composite rational method parameters at the outlet for computing hydrographs The time of concentration at an outlet point is defined as the longest flow time from upstream basins times of concentration combined with any lag times from channels The area is the cumulative upstream area and the runoff coefficient is determined as an area weighted value from the upstream basins With the time of concentration at the outlet defined you will need to determine the appropriate rainfall intensity In order for WMS to compute peak flows and hydrographs at outlets you will need to define the travel time between outlets and the intensities for the time of concentration at each outlet 1 Select the Select Outlet tool SI 2 Double click the outlet icon of Upper as shown in Figure 11 1 be sure to select the circular outlet icon and not the square basin icon You will note in the Outlet portion of the Rational Method dialog that information upstream from this outlet has been aggregated in the case though there is just one basin upstream The longest flow time
29. It does not matter which of the several ddf files you pick WMS will automatically determine which files contain the necessary data Select OK WMS should read in the DEM and it should look similar to other dem files you have read in If you are interested in experimenting with a DEM that has a higher resolution you can load the 10 meter DEM for the Trail Mountain quadrangle You will find the downloaded or you can download for yourself 10 meter SDTS DEM in the 1699603 DEM SDTS TAR GZ file 4 2 3 USGS National Elevation Dataset The USGS National Elevation Dataset NED provides continuous 1 24 000 scaled DEM data for all of the contiguous US and 1 63 360 scale DEM data for Alaska To access this data complete the following steps l Go to http seamless usgs gov then click on View and Download United States Data You could also go to http www emrl byu edu gsda and click on DEM then click on OBTAIN DEM DATA then click on the CLICK HERE to obtain 1 24 000 30m DEM data from the National Elevation Database Choose the Find tool the binoculars in the query toolbar and type in Richfield Click the OK button Find the Richfield with a longitude of 1 2 04 59 99W and a latitude of 38 46 21 00N and click on Go To Select the Display Tab on the right of the screen Click on the arrow next to Hydrography Select the check boxes next to National Atlas and NHD Streams and National Atlas and NHD Waterbodies as shown i
30. Map module Ba Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool H Double click on the polygons to view the assigned materials Simplified Dam Break 17 7 17 1 5 Extracting Cross Sections Once you have completed the centerline cross section and area property coverages you are ready to extract the cross sections from the TIN Then you must convert your coverage data to a hydraulic model 1 Click on the D Hyd Cross Section coverage to make it the active coverage 2 Select River Tools Extract Cross Section 3 Toggle on Using arcs and select 1D Hyd Centerline from the drop down list 4 Choose Area Property from the Material Zones drop down list 5 Select OK 6 Save the file as xsections 7 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K 8 Double click on a cross section 9 Click on Assign Xsec to view the cross section profile 10 Select Cancel twice to exit the dialogs 11 Click on the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage to make it the active coverage 12 Select River Tools Map gt 1D Schematic 17 2 Using SMPDBK Setting up your hydraulic model geometry is 90 of the work associated with creating a SMPDBK model The other 10 of setting up your model involves entering information about the dam and entering Manning s roughness values for each of the different area properties You can find this information on the internet or in the National Inventory of Dams NID database This section will guide you through the process of fin
31. NAD 83 US for the horizontal system Meters for the horizontal units 12 114W to 108W for the UTM Zone NAVD 88 US for the vertical system and Meters for the vertical units Select OK Select OK Once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so choose Close to close the TOPAZ window You should now see a network of streams on top of your DEM TOPAZ computes flow directions for individual DEM cells and creates streams based on these directions You can change the flow accumulation threshold so that smaller or larger streams show up 11 12 13 E age Tenan Data 14 DEM Data Coverages Drainage 1 5 wed merricalacia Tenn Mata 16 17 Select Display Display Options g On the DEM tab change the Min Accumulation for Display to 5 0 Select OK Right click on DEM in the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree and select Coordinate Conversion Click the checkbox next to Edit project coordinate system Change the horizontal and vertical units to U S Survey Feet Select OK 17 1 2 Creating Outlets and Streams The next step in creating a SMPDBK model is to convert the computed TOPAZ flow data to a stream arc This arc can then be used as the stream centerline in the SMPDBK model Simplified Dam Break 17 3 1 Choose the Create Outlet Point tool oO 2 Create an outlet on the river in the lower left corner of the DEM as seen in Figure 17 1 Be sure to cli
32. Objects Compute Basin Data 10 Select the Current Coordinates button 11 Make sure the Horizontal and Vertical units are set to Meters 12 Select OK twice 12 5 3 Running NFF l Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module pa 2 Make sure Model combo box is set to NFF 3 Choose the Select Basin tool 12 12 WMS Tutorials 4 Double click on the icon for Basin 1B 5 Select Yes Notice that the regression equation is automatically selected Also if our basin had overlapped with another NFF region the areas and percentages of overlap for each region would also have been calculated 6 Enter 10 8 for the Lake Area variable 7 Select the Compute Results button 8 Select Done As you can see the NFF Region coverage allows WMS to automatically load the appropriate regression equation s when we open the NFF dialog Now this might not save us a great deal of time if we are only running the simulation once for a single basin However if we plan to study many different basins on a regular basis then creating an NFF Region coverage for our state would prove to be very efficient 12 6 Conclusions In this tutorial we have discussed the following concepts in conjunction with setting up an NFF simulation 1 How to calculate important parameters with the Compute Basin Data command 2 How to use the Compute Coverage Overlay calculator to compute areas of overlap between our drainage basin and any other coverage type 3
33. We will use the TIN that we opened earlier in this tutorial for assigning elevations 1 Select Storm Drain Link Nodes Error Reference source not found 18 13 2 Click the Auto Link button This will link the storm drain inlets from the Drainage coverage to the access holes in the Storm Drain coverage All nodes should be linked except the one node just upstream of the outfall This node is a pipe junction and is not associated with a storm drain inlet 3 Select OK 4 Select Storm Drain Assign Pipe Elevations This command automatically assigns elevations to nodes based on an underlying TIN or DEM if one is present With Drainage and Storm Drain nodes linked together and elevations assigned to our pipe network we are ready to save the Storm Drain model 18 6 Saving the Simulation and Running Storm Drain 1 Select File Save As 2 Make sure the Save as type filter is set to WMS Project Files wpr 3 Enter wms_storm_rat for the File name 4 Select Save 5 Select Storm Drain Save Simulation 6 Save the file as wms_st_r 7 Select Storm Drain Run Simulation 8 Verify that the input file name is wms_st_r hda 9 Change the output file name to wms_st_rJst The input and output file name prefixes can be up to 8 characters in length If you enter an input file name longer than 8 characters Storm Drain will not run If you enter an output file name longer than 8 characters it is truncated to 8 character
34. and flow directions that TOPAZ outputs for each DEM cell makes basin delineation very simple 8 2 1 Open DEMs 1 2 3 4 Select File Open Open mvcanyon dem and trailmount dem Select Open Select OK 8 2 2 Run TOPAZ Switch to the Drainage module Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data Select OK Select OK Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so Select Display Display Options g Change the Minimum Accumulation For Display to 0 06 mi Select OK Zoom in to the top middle section of the DEM as shown in Figure 8 1 Editing DEMs 8 3 Figure 8 1 Zoom in to the rectangle on the DEM 8 2 3 Basin Delineation 1 Select the Create Outlet Point tool ce 2 Click anywhere on the DEM to create an outlet 3 Select OK if you get a message telling you that the outlet is not located in a flow accumulation cell 4 Enter an X value of 379589 5 and a Y value of 4271008 5 in the Edit Window at the top of the screen to edit the outlet location 5 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 6 Select OK 7 Select OK 8 3 DEM Fill Command The delineation of this basin shown in Figure 8 2 looks a little bit suspicious First of all the upper right edge of the basin boundary is linear and flat This usually indicates that the basin actually continues further but was not properly delineated for some reason The other noticeable item is the
35. bodies and so this is reflected in many of Florida s equations There is not a direct calculation method available in WMS to determine the percentage of water covered area in a watershed but you will learn how you can use GIS overlay tools to compute percentages for any land use type within a watershed This same method could be applied for equations in other states that require a percentage of water body coverage or forested areas or some other land use or soil formation that can be obtained from a shapefile or other GIS layer useable by WMS 12 1 Opening the Drainage Basin First we will open a WMS Project file wpr that contains a DEM that was previously downloaded from the Internet A single watershed basin has been delineated from the DEM data and converted to feature objects 12 2 WMS Tutorials Switch to the Drainage module B Select the File Open S Open NFF_FL wpr 12 2 Prepare the Basin for Use with NFF We will now use WMS to calculate the basin area basin slope and other parameters that can be used in conjunction with NFF 1 Select DEM Compute Basin Data 2 Select the Current Coordinates button 3 Set the Horizontal and Vertical units to Meters 4 Select OK 5 Set the Basin Areas to Square miles 6 Set the Distances to Feet 7 Select OK to compute the parameters In order to see the parameters that will be used with the NFF program you can turn them on for display 1 Select Display Disp
36. come to a lake simply trace a stream straight through it Figure 6 3 Stream Network and Beginning Junction Advanced Feature Objects 6 7 6 3 1 Turning Off Image Display You can now turn off the image by completing the following steps 1 Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary 2 Toggle the visibility check box next to the streams img image off 6 3 2 Importing a Shapefile 1 Select File Open 5 2 Open basins shp 3 Select OK There are some problems with this set of basins and streams For example none of the basin junctions meet up with the corresponding stream junctions Fixing problems like these is called cleaning and is demonstrated in the following steps 1 Choose the Zoom tool al 2 Zoom in on the main outlet at the bottom of the watershed You will have to get quite close 3 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A and select the yellow drainage outlet node 4 Select Feature Objects Clean 5 Make sure the Snap selected nodes check box is toggled on 6 Select OK The help window will prompt you to select a snapping point 1 Click on the bottom vertex of the watershed boundary 6 8 WMS Tutorials ux Choose the Frame macro akl to view the extents of your model Figure 6 4 Zoom Area for First Upstream Outlet 1 Zoom in around the first upstream interior outlet as shown in Figure 6 4 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 3
37. completing this tutorial you should be familiar with using WMS to perform floodplain delineations in conjunction with e A flood barrier coverage e Water surface elevations computed with HEC RAS Floodplain Delineation 15 19 User defined water surface elevations created either interactively or opened with a 2D scatter point file Post processing in the form of creating Flood Extent Flood Depth and Flood Impact maps CHAPTER 16 Stochastic Modeling Using HEC 1 and HEC RAS This tutorial demonstrates how to run a stochastic model within WMS Since a certain degree of uncertainty usually exists in the selection of input parameters running a stochastic model helps us explore multiple model solutions for differing input values Users can specify a range of values to be used in the stochastic model 16 1 Objectives In this tutorial you will learn the basics of setting up a stochastic model that will run the HEC 1 HEC RAS and Floodplain Delineation models simultaneously 1 Assign key values to parameters 2 Define the Stochastic Model characteristics 3 Run the Model 4 View the solution means and probabilities 16 2 WMS Tutorials 16 2 Opening the HEC 1 and HEC RAS Models Working HEC 1 and HEC RAS models have been previously prepared for use in this tutorial We will use the Stochastic modeling features of WMS to create a probabilistic map of floodplain boundaries You may choose to review the development of these
38. cross section horizontally The horizontal and vertical scales on the plots are useful for determining the distances to enter Remember that the scales are not equal and so the vertical distances are magnified Geom Edit Geo Ref Line Props Point Props Merge Filter Load Insert Cs CSID 0 channelxsec idx Alignment Offset Move insert Cs Reset Changes Up Step Z zu Down Di Step D Merge v Apply Figure 14 4 Alignment tools 14 10 WMS Tutorials 12 Choose Thalweg for Alignment to align the thalweg specified as a Load Insert Cs CSID 0 point property of the channel cross section with the thalweg of the Alignment extracted cross section Thalweg z 13 Enter a value for Step Z try 5 and use the Down button to move the channel cross section vertically 14 Reduce the Step Z value to 1 and use the Up button to position the cross section 15 Keep reducing the Step Z value and using the Up and Down buttons until the cross sections are aligned correctly 16 Enter a value for Step D and use the Left and Right buttons if you need to move the channel cross section horizontally The Zoom tool is useful for viewing the alignment of the cross sections close up once you have the channel cross section located in the general area where it will be inserted The aligned should look similar to Figure 14 5 Cross Section Attributes A Figure 14 5 Aligned cross sections H
39. displayed in Figure 18 5 Error Reference source not found 18 9 Pipe Data Properties Concrete Smooth X Cancel Pipe amp Flow Data Manning s roughness Oo Minimum pipe diameter Minimum depth Minimum depth of cover Minimum velocity for full flow 12 0 5O CATT Minimum slope Maximum pipe diameter Invert Elevations and Fixed Diameter ation LL Figure 18 5 Pipe property values for the pipe network 7 Select OK to exit the Pipe Data Properties dialog 18 4 2 Defining Rainfall Data 1 Click on the Rainfall Data button 2 Select the Run Compute IDF Curve Dialog option 3 Select OK 4 Choose the User Supplied Data option as the IDF Curve Computation 5 Click the Define Data button 6 Change the Recurrence value to 25 7 Enter the precipitation values shown in Figure 18 6 18 10 WMS Tutorials Input variables for IDF curves Variables for user specified data Recurrence yr 25 5 min fin hr 228 10min nza fez 15min inh Pao 30 min inhi 1 06 60 min finza 69 Cancel Figure 18 6 Values for computing the 25 yr IDF curve 8 Select OK 9 Highlight the line corresponding to the 25 yr precipitation values from the window in the upper right hand corner of the dialog 10 Select Done 11 Select OK twice more to return to the WMS interface 12 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module ed 13 Choose the Select Basin tool 14 Doub
40. elevation fi 100 00 sere SO Se eos Figure 21 6 CE QUAL W2 layer editor 6 Select Layer Heights from the Layer Generation pulldown menu Enter 5 00 in the field labeled Value Notice that you can also enter in a number of layers instead of a layer height If the number of layers option is chosen then the layer height will be calculated using the following equation H Max elevation on TIN Min elevation on TIN Number of layers If the layer height option is used then all of the layers will be that specified thickness except for the top layer which will be a remainder of what is left CE QUAL W2 Interface 21 13 7 Press the calculate widths button If a prompt telling you that Some of the layers are below the minimum elevations in the storage capacity curve press OK 8 Exit out of the layer editor by pressing OK WMS computes the widths of the segments using the layer height length and the volume computed from the storage capacity curve In order for a layer to have a zero width then its volume must be zero meaning that the minimum elevation of the segment lies above the maximum elevation of the layer 9 Exit out of the layer editor by pressing OK 21 8 Saving bathymetry as CE QUAL W2 input file 11 1 In the CE QUAL W2 menu choose Save simulation 12 2 Find an appropriate folder and save the simulation there In saving the simulation many files are created H
41. entire basin system and the outlet of the isolated interior basin as indicated in Figure 19 4 Inlets in sump condition Figure 19 4 Outlet points to be selected 3 Select Feature Objects Attributes 4 Set the Drainage Feature Point Type to be Storm Drain Inlet 5 Choose the Properties button 6 Set the Type to be Grate in Sump Condition the Subtype to be Reticuline the width to be 2 0 the length to be 6 0 the inlet perimeter to be 16 0 and the area to be 8 5 19 6 WMS Tutorials 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Select OK Select OK Select one of the other two remaining outlets this will insure that the two selected outlets become unselected Now while holding down the lt SHIFT gt key select the remaining outlet the one that has not yet been selected Select Feature Objects Attributes Set the Drainage Feature Point Type to be Storm Drain Inlet Choose the Properties button Set the Type to be Grate on grade the Subtype to be Reticuline the width to be 2 0 and the length to be 6 0 Select OK Select OK Select Feature Objects Compute Basin Data Select OK 19 3 Running a Rational Analysis We will perform a simple Rational analysis of this subdivision and use the Rational method hydrographs as input for the hydrographic storm drain analysis You should remember though that any of the hydrologic analysis models in WMS can be used or input hydrographs may be entered man
42. feet l 2 3 4 Select TIN Vertex Transform Enter 0 3048 for the Z Scale value to scale the elevations in feet to meters Toggle the Frame image after transformation option off Select OK Run the cursor over the TIN and notice that the z values in the help strip have changed to meters 5 5 2 Flat Triangles l 2 3 4 5 5 3 Pits 1 2 3 4 Select Display Display Options g Toggle Flat Triangles on Select OK Select TIN Triangle Remove Flat Triangles Select Display Display Options g Toggle Pits on Select OK Select TIN Vertex Smooth Pits Some pits may remain even after using this command 5 5 4 Delineate Basin l Zoom in to the rectangle shown around Pit 1 in Figure 5 1 Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 5 Figure 5 1 Remaining pits 2 Select TIN Vertices tool 1 Then double click on the TIN vertex shown in Figure 5 2 and change the type from Generic to Drainage outlet Figure 5 2 Outlet location 3 Select OK 4 Switch to the Drainage module 8 5 6 WMS Tutorials 5 Select Display Display Options g 6 Toggle Drainage Basin Boundaries on and change the color to yellow so that they are more visible 7 Select OK 8 Select TIN Define Basins 9 Use the Flow Path tool to draw flow paths ii pen a j STW Figure 5 3 Flow paths In Figure 5 3 notice that most flow paths flow into Pit 1 This does not
43. file that contains these three polygons in an NFF Region coverage In the interest of time the polygons have already been digitized see the tutorial on feature objects for more information about digitizing building polygons but the assignment of attributes state region has been left for you to do 1 Select File Open S 2 Open NFFmap_FL map This file was digitized directly from the image See Chapter 3 Basic Feature Objects for information on how to digitize features from images 12 10 WMS Tutorials 3 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool K 4 Double click on the polygon corresponding to the region labeled C as shown in Figure 12 4 Double click here Figure 12 4 Image displaying NFF Regions for Florida 5 Choose Florida from the State list 6 Choose Region C from the NFF Region list 7 Select OK 8 Assign NFF Regions for the remaining two polygons in the same manner 12 5 2 Opening the Watershed 1 Select File Open 2 Open NFF_FL wpr At this point the study area appears as a small polygon You will zoom in to better distinguish the area National Flood Frequency Program NFF Interface 12 11 3 Choose the Zoom tool al 4 Zoom in on the region indicated in Figure 12 5 Figure 12 5 Zoom in on the watershed X 6 7 8 9 Select Display Display Options g Choose the DEM tab Toggle off the check box for displaying DEM Contours Select OK Select Feature
44. find specific features on Place Search Find Results for Joseph UT F Joseph Utah United States i Aerial t e New Place Search Figure 2 3 Topo Map Image Link 1 Click on the 64 meter zoom bar as shown in Figure 2 4 Figure 2 4 64 meter Zoom Bar 1 Click on the location as indicated by the X in the lower left of Figure 2 5 to zoom in Images 2 9 Ws ee Si Wa aed Figure 2 5 Zoom Location 1 Click on the South arrow as shown in Figure 2 6 to pan to the South Figure 2 6 Pan South Arrow 1 Switch to the Aerial Photo view tab as shown in Figure 2 7 Topo Map Figure 2 7 Aerial Photo Tab 1 Choose the Download link as shown in Figure 2 7 You will be taken to a screen with your aerial photo and instructions for downloading both the image and the world file Follow the instructions to save your image and the corresponding GIS World Coordinates file To save the image file you will right click on the image and save it To save the world file 2 10 WMS Tutorials follow the link on the lower left side of the page IMPORTANT The world file must be saved as a text file and not an html file the default Be sure to change the file type to a text file when saving the world file Note that you should assign the image a name with a jpg extension and the world file the same name but with a jgw extension If your browser appends any other extension to the file names be sure to c
45. general shape as the reservoir as explained in the walkthrough Editing the TIN then you can let WMS automatically generate the bounding polygon Case 1 If not you will need to manually create the bounding reservoir polygon Case 2 21 3 1 Case 1 Automatic boundary polygon generation 2e 3 Make sure that you are in the Terrain data module se 4 Inthe TIN pull down menu highlight the Conversion option and select TIN Boundary gt Feature 21 3 2 Case 2 Boundary of Reservoir to Polygon 4 Select the Map module icon c 5 Select the create feature arc tool E 6 Trace out the outline of the reservoir at the specified water surface elevation by clicking at locations along the perimeter Make sure that the generated polygon stays within the boundary of the TIN It is a good idea to create your polygon slightly larger than the boundary generated by the maximum water surface elevation This way you ensure that the entire reservoir will be modeled If you need to define the perimeter by defining separate arcs double click to end the arc Make sure and start the new arc at the end of the old one however CE QUAL W2 Interface 21 5 7 From the Feature Objects pull down menu select Build Polygon 8 Select the select polygon tool pS 9 Click somewhere within the reservoir If all of the arcs have been connected correctly the entire area will become highlighted If this does not happen see Endnote 1 21 4 Change Contour
46. hydrographs through detention basin structures defined at any of the outlet locations 1 Double click the outlet that defines the Small catchment in Figure 11 1 2 Select the Define Reservoir button You will now define a hypothetical detention basin for the Small catchment from approximate geometric parameters WMS can compute a storage capacity curve for a rectangular basin You could also enter a pre computed storage capacity curve 1 Click the Define button 2 Select the Define Storage button 3 Select the Known Geometry option 4 Enter 200 feet for Length 5 Enter 300 feet for Width 6 Enter a Depth of 30 feet 7 Enter a Side slope of 2 8 Leave the Base elevation at 0 0 It will be assumed on grade at the outlet location 9 Select OK You will now define a standpipe and spillway weir for outlet structures and WMS will compute the elevation discharge relationship automatically In addition to standpipes and weirs you can define low level outlets or you can enter a pre computed elevation discharge relationship 1 Select the Define Discharges button 2 Select the Add Standpipe button 3 Set the Pipe diameter to 4 feet 4 Set the Standpipe elevation to 15 feet 5 Select the Add Weir button 6 Set the Weir length to 20 feet 9 10 Rational Method Interface 11 11 Set the Weir elevation to 25 feet Select OK Select OK Select OK You have now defined a detention facility that has a standpipe an
47. hydrologic models from them Beginning with chapter 9 the various interfaces to hydrologic and hydraulic models are covered and you can choose see the table of contents from among them which ones you wish to work on first The tutorial for the public domain version of WMS and for the 2 D modeling capabilities are treated in separate documents 1 2 WMS Tutorials 1 2 Tutorial Files Each tutorial has one or more files that have been prepared for you to use You are instructed at various points to open these files The default installation of WMS copies all of these files into a directory named tutorial Further the files for each chapter are organized by directory within the tutorial directory For example if you install WMS at C WMS71 then all of the files for this first tutorial will be found in C WMS71 tutorial ch1 and all of the files for the second tutorial will be found in C WMS 7 tutorial ch2 and so on for the remaining chapters 1 3 Starting Over It is suggested that you start WMS new at the beginning of each tutorial If you continue from one tutorial to another without quitting then data display options and other WMS settings may not be in sync with the tutorial instructions causing the exercise to become confusing 1 4 Getting Around the WMS Interface 1 4 1 1 4 2 The WMS Help file has a section on some of the basic elements of the WMS graphical user interface GUI In this tutorial w
48. in the on line help file National Flood Frequency Program NFF Interface 12 5 Legend LU_CODE 72 11 Residential IT 12 Commercial and Services EZA 13 Industrial 14 Industrial and Commercial Complexes ZZ 16 Mixed Urban or Built up Land 17 Other Urban or Built up Land EEZ 21 Cropland and Pasture 23 Confined F eeding Operations 6 5 42 Evergreen Forest Land E 7 43 Mixed Forest Land SES 52 Lakes 53 Reservoirs 61 Forested Wetland PSE 62 Nonforested Wetland 74 Strip Mines Quarries and Gravel Pits 76 Transitional Areas Y Pa J 2e Lp gt gt 9 gt roi 9 Xx ao Cy wen Be ate Figure 12 2 Land use codes used in Valdosta shp 12 3 2 Using the Compute Coverage Overlay Calculator 1 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module H 2 Select Calculators Compute Coverage Overlay 3 Make sure that Drainage is chosen as the Input Coverage 4 Make sure that Land Use is set as the Overlay Coverage 5 Select the Compute button According to the USGS land use classification code values in the 50 s and 60 s represent water bodies To obtain the value for LK we sum together the computed overlay percentages for Land Uses 52 53 61 and 62 as shown in Figure 12 3 12 6 WMS Tutorials Overlay Areas and Percentages Land Use 11 Land Use 12 Land Use 13 Land Use 14 Land Use 16 Land Use 17 Land Use 21 Land Use 23 Land Use 42 Land Use
49. left most node on the portion that forms a network inside of the arcs forming a boundary Select Feature Objects Reorder Streams Choose the Select Feature Line Branch tool w Select the arc attached to the left most node the node that was just used to reorder streams Select Feature Objects Attributes Select the Stream type and Select OK Each stream now flows the proper direction toward the one drainage outlet at the left of the stream network This outlet needs to be snapped to the basin boundary 7 8 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A Select the drainage outlet Select Feature Objects Clean Make sure Snap selected nodes is checked Select OK Choose the node on the basin boundary closest to the drainage outlet Select Feature Objects Build Polygon Select OK This set of streams and basins is now properly ordered and connected and is ready to be used for hydrologic analysis Advanced Feature Objects 6 15 6 5 Conclusions In this workshop you should have learned how to do the following 8 Use feature object drainage coverages for watershed delineation 9 Advanced feature object editing 10 Assign appropriate feature object attributes CHAPTER DEM Delineation Watershed delineation from DEMs is straightforward and relatively simple provided the project area is not entirely flat or completely dominated by man made structures you can t expect the DEM method to work if the
50. lower basin icon to edit parameters for the lower basin 14 Select the Basin Data button 15 Change the Name to CCTrib 16 Select OK 17 Select Done 18 Select Edit Select All to select all basins 19 Select HEC 1 Edit Parameters to edit parameters for all basins at once 10 16 WMS Tutorials 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Select the Precipitation button Select the Basin Average option Set the Average Precipitation to be 1 8 Select the Define Series button Choose the typell 24hour curve in the Selected Curve drop down list Select OK Select OK Select the Unit Hydrograph Method button Make sure the SCS dimensionless option is chosen it is the default Select the Compute Parameters Basin Data button Select CCTrib in the Basin window so that it is highlighted Select the Method to be SCS Method near the bottom of the list Select Left in the Basin window so that it is highlighted Select the Method to be SCS Method near the bottom of the list Select Right in the Basin window so that it is highlighted Select the Method to be SCS Method near the bottom of the list Select OK Select OK Select Done 10 5 3 Setting up the Routing Parameters If you were to run HEC 1 now you can if you want you would see that the hydrographs from the upper basins would be combined with the lower basin hydrograph at the watershed
51. main window The Data Tree displays and allows users to manage the current coverages and data in WMS 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save your changes N 3 Switch to the Map module P if necessary In the data tree window you should see a folder entitled Map Data You should see the default coverage listed always a Drainage coverage when beginning a new project in the Coverages folder From the Data Tree you can manage the default coverage make new coverages delete coverages edit coverage properties and change the active coverage 1 Right click on the one existing coverage in the Data Tree 2 Select Rename 3 Enter PracticeDrainage for the new coverage name 4 Right click on the Coverages folder 5 Select New Coverage 6 From the Coverage type dropdown box select Soil Type 7 Notice that the Coverage name is automatically changed to Soil Type 8 Select OK 9 Click on the PracticeDrainage coverage You can see that this coverage shows up in color and bold while the Soil Type drainage is in gray and regular font This means that the PracticeDrainage coverage is the active coverage 1 Select the Soil Type coverage to make it active 2 Uncheck the box next to the PracticeDrainage coverage Now the PracticeDrainage coverage is not visible Turn this coverage back on to make it visible again 3 10 WMS Tutorials 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 Reading in Images Now that you have added a s
52. models in their separate tutorials There is generally a high degree of uncertainty associated with hydrologic modeling parameters such as the SCS Curve Number and rainfall depth Using WMS you can vary these parameters stochastically in order to analyze a more complete parameter space and then use the results to reflect the known uncertainty in a flood plain delineation The Stochastic Simulation will run a specified number of simulations using randomly generated values of basin Curve Numbers and basin precipitation for each simulation Results from the HEC 1 run are then passed to a developed HEC RAS simulation and finally the results from HEC RAS are used to compute a series of flood plain boundaries from which a probability of flooding based on model parameter uncertainty can be computed 1 Select File Open ao 2 Open runl wpr Run1 wpr is a WMS project file that references all of the prepared input data for the HEC 1 and HEC RAS models Each simulation has been previously tested to ensure that they can be run successfully 16 2 1 Preparing the HEC RAS model 1 To begin we will zoom in on the HEC RAS model domain 2 Switch to the Tree module H C Hydrologic Tree Data 3 Hide all basins and outlets by un checking the box next to the Map Data gt Materials 1D Hyd Centerline 1D Hyd Cross Section oF Drainage Hydrologic Tree Data folder in the Data Tree N 4 Switch to the Map module 5 Expan
53. network does not need to flow parallel or in the same direction as the over lying drainage However there are some limitations in the way the drainage coverage is constructed in order to run a hydrographic analysis with Storm Drain The most important thing is that each inflow hydrograph needs to be associated with one and only one gutter at the storm drain inlet In other words extra stream arcs that are not part of the gutter leading into the inlet should be deleted In this analysis we will generate input hydrographs using the Rational Method calculator but it should be emphasized that any hydrologic method that produces a hydrograph can be used or hydrographs may be entered manually 19 2 WMS Tutorials 19 1 Objectives In this tutorial we will set up a hydrographic storm drain simulation for a hypothetical subdivision The objective of this tutorial is to teach you the basic steps for defining a Storm Drain input file for hydrographic analysis These steps include the following 1 Build the drainage basins and make adjustments for limitations in doing a hydrographic analysis 2 Perform a simple Rational Method analysis to generate input hydrographs 3 Digitize a small pipe network based on the surface drainage 4 Define the necessary parameters for the pipe network 5 Run Storm Drain HYDRA 6 View the solution 19 2 Developing the Surface Drainage Coverage This tutorial will begin with a drainage coverage created wi
54. others are similar as well uses three different flow segments to compute time of concentration sheet flow up to 300 feet shallow concentrated flow and open channel flow Since WMS will automatically break the arcs between overland and channel flow two of three segments will already be defined You will need to separate the sheet flow from the shallow concentrated flow before setting up the equations 1 Select the Select Feature Vertex tool Pais 2 The figure below identifies locations approximately 200 300 feet downstream from the beginning of the flow path arc Select one of these vertices 3 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 5 4 Repeat for the other flow arc alternatively you could multi select the two vertices and convert them to nodes at the same time Select Here Figure 9 3 Locations to Break Sheet Flow Segments You should now have three arc segments for each basin These arcs will be used to compute a time of concentration for the TR 55 analysis However we will also want to compute a travel time for the flow from the upper basin to the lower basin This will require a flow path segment between the upstream outlet and the lower outlet The flow path arcs from the lower basin already include flow for part of this distance but there remains a segment for which no flow path arc exists 1 Select Feature Objects Streams gt Flow Arcs
55. position of the light source and the ambient light alters the display of the DEM You can play around with these options to accentuate the elevations that are most important for you to see Views Many times it is easier to see the DEM elevations from another view other than the straight overhead birds eye view 1 Select Display View Oblique View Alternatively you can also select the Perspective View macro It is now much easier to see the changes in elevation on the DEM If the elevation relief cannot be seen clearly you can change the Z magnification to accentuate the elevation relief 1 Select Display View Z Magnification 2 Enter 3 in the edit box DEM Basics 4 11 3 Select OK The image will redraw on its own You will be able to see the elevation relief better now 4 6 Conclusion DEM data for the United States is found in several places on the internet Data is available for most areas of the U S and some parts of other countries DEM data is very useful for delineating watersheds in WMS In this workshop you should have learned how to do the following 1 Import USGS DEMs from different formats 2 Tile multiple DEMs together and edit DEM elevations 3 Set DEM display options CHAPTER 5 Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 1 Triangulated Irregular Networks TINs are constructed from a scattered set of x y z vertices They can be used for visualization as background elevations maps for gen
56. resemble a normal distribution one should run at least 30 simulations 5 Choose HEC from the Selected model list box 6 Toggle on the Define stochastic model check box 7 Under the Filename parameters section select the Base filename button 8 Browse to the folder in which the HEC RAS project file hecrunl prj is located and enter hecrun1 as the File name 9 Select Save 10 Select the Add variable button 3 times to add 3 variables to the table 11 Refer to Figure 16 1 and enter the values shown for each stochastic variable Distribution Log YM HEC1_1 1 Precipitat J6 0 30 90 25 Normal Curve Nu ha 68 0 Normal ha Curve Nu 7 76 0 Normal ME Figure 16 1 Values for the Stochastic Variables table 12 Now we will turn on stochastic modeling for the HEC RAS and Floodplain models 13 Change the Selected model list box to HEC RAS 14 Toggle on the Define stochastic model check box 16 6 WMS Tutorials 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Select the Base filename button and browse to the same path as hecrunl prj Enter hecrun1 as the File name and select Save Change the Selected model list box to Floodplain Toggle on the Define stochastic model check box Select the Base filename button and browse to the same path as hecrunl prf Enter hecrun1 as the File name and select Save Select OK to exit the Stochastic Run Parameters dialog Select File Save t
57. reservoirs wetlands include 52 53 61 and 62 We will look for these codes to determine the value for LK 1 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree 2 Select New Coverage 3 Change the Coverage type to Land Use 4 Select OK 12 4 WMS Tutorials 5 Switch to the GZS module J 6 Select Data Add Shapefile Data 7 Open valdosta shp This land use shapefile was obtained from www webgis com but the EPA and other websites contain similar information Alternatively we could have digitized land use polygons from an image as is discussed in Chapter 3 of the tutorials 8 Choose the Select Shapes tool k 9 Drag a selection box around the drainage basin polygon 10 Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects 11 Select Next 12 The LUCODE with the land use ID is automatically mapped so you can continue by selecting Next Layee V ovau vaa 13 Select Finish Aig GIS Layers Tim valdosta shp D Hide valdosta shp by toggling off its check box in the Data Tree you may need to expand the GIS Layers folder to see it Only the portion of the shapefile that was selected will be used to create polygons in the Land Use coverage The following figure displays the resulting land use polygons and their respective land use codes This land use classification is consistent among all of the USGS land use data were codes from 10 19 are urban 20 29 agricultural etc A complete listing of code values can be found
58. shp Choose the Select Shapes tool k Draw a selection box around the DEM extents Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects Select Next Make sure the LUCODE field is mapped to the Land use attribute Select Next Select Finish Hide the _richut shp file by toggling off its check box in the Data Tree 10 2 6 Convert Set the Coordinate System of the Data 1 2 Select Edit Coordinate Conversion Toggle the Edit project coordinate system option on HEC 1 Interface 10 5 3 In the Convert From tab define the Horizontal System to be Geographic NAD 83 US 4 Set the Vertical Units to Meters 5 Inthe Convert To tab define the Horizontal System to be UTM NAD 83 US Zone 12 will automatically be set 6 Make sure the Horizontal and Vertical Units are Meters 7 Select OK to convert the data N 8 Switch to the Map module Ee 9 Since we won t be using them until later hide the Land Use and Soil Type coverages by toggling off their check boxes in the Data Tree 10 Select the Drainage coverage from the Data Tree to make sure it is the active coverage 10 2 7 Delineate the Watershed 1 Select the Drainage module 2 Select the Frame macro akl 3 Select DEM Compute Topaz Flow Data 4 Select OK 5 Select OK in the Units dialog 6 Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 7 Select the Zoom tool al 8 Zoom in by dragging a box as ill
59. steady flow analysis We first need to set an option to set flow distribution locations so that velocity profiles will be computed To set this option and perform the analysis 1 Select Run Steady Flow Analysis from the menu 2 Select Options Flow Distribution Locations 3 Change the Global subsections to 3 in each of the three fields LOB Channel and ROB 4 Select OK 5 Click the Compute button This runs the 1D analysis 6 Close the Steady Flow Analysis Dialog 7 Exit out of the HEC RAS program 13 6 Post Processing Now that HEC RAS has computed water surface elevations we can read the solution into WMS The water surface elevations are read in as 2D Scatter Points and can be used to perform a floodplain delineation To read the solution 1 In WMS make sure you are in the River module F 2 Select HEC RAS Read Solution 3 Open hecras prj 4 Inthe Data Tree expand the 2D Scatter Data folder if necessary Notice that a new scatter point file has been read into WMS These points contain the water surface elevations computed by HEC RAS Since we used 7 cross sections in our model we only have 7 scatter points with which to 13 16 WMS Tutorials perform the floodplain delineation In order to achieve a more accurate floodplain delineation however WMS has a tool that interpolates scatter points along centerline and cross section arcs 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
60. that there are fewer contours and they are spread farther out now 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 Select the DEM tab and choose the Contours button 3 Under Contour Method select the Color fill between contours radio button This option will color in the contours 1 Under Bold and Label check the Display Legend checkbox 2 Select OK twice You can go back into the Contour options dialog and explore more of the contour display options if you wish 4 5 2 Point Display Step Next you will explore the point display step option 1 Select Display Display Options 2 Select the DEM tab 3 Change the number in the Point display step edit box to 4 4 Select OK You can see that the display is not as smooth now 4 10 WMS Tutorials 4 5 3 4 5 4 1 Select Display Display Options 2 Select the DEM tab 3 Change the Point display step to 12 4 Select OK 5 Change the Point display step back to 2 Raising the point display step will allow your DEM display to refresh faster especially if your computer is slow Although WMS is not drawing every DEM point each point that was read in is still there so changing the point display step does not change the accuracy Shading Options Now you will explore the shading options 1 Select Display Shading Options 2 Toggle on Use light source 3 Click on the globe to move the light source and change the amount of ambient light 4 Select OK Changing the
61. the Apply Parameters to Segments button This will allow you to assign these same parameters to other segments in the model Choose Shrub amp Brush Rangeland in the Available Segments window move it to the Selected Segments window by clicking the gt button Repeat step 2 for Residential and Mixed Tundra Click OK The selected segments will be assigned the same parameters input here Now you must define the additional External Sources needed for the PWATER simulation Most of the External Sources entered for the SNOW module are also used for the PWATER module but there is one input series that is not yet entered HSPF Interface 20 9 Click on the External Sources button in the PWATER dialog The Assign External Sources dialog will appear with the sources that you created for this segment in the SVOW module listed in the lower window Assign the following dataset evapotranspiration as a source by setting the fields to the appropriate values then clicking the Assign button If you make a mistake choose the incorrect line in the lower window and click Delete Member Name Member Units Missing Transformation Quality Multiplication Dataset subscript Data flag Factor PETINP ENGL UNDF SAME 0 1 0 23 All the External Sources needed for the simulation are now assigned to this segment You will now copy these same External Sources to all other land segments in the model l 6
62. the National Elevation Data website at http gisdata usgs net ned Instead of book marking all these sites you can bookmark http www emrl byu edu gsda This site contains links to many sites where you can get DEM data If you do not have an internet connection you can still work through this tutorial using the files which have been downloaded already and placed in the tutorials directories or you may want to skip ahead to section 4 3 now WebMET WebMET provides old style DEMs 7 5 minute USGS quad DEMs 1 Go to www webgis com 2 Select the United States 7 5m link in the Terrain Data area 3 Click on Utah UT 4 Choose the List Counties Alphabetically link found underneath the map 5 Select Sevier County 6 Scroll down until you see Trail Mountain 7 Select the Trail Mountain link 8 Your browser should allow you to save the file to your computer Choose a spot to save it in 9 Unzip the file using WinZip or another unzipping utility The unzipped file should have a dem extension You are now able to use this DEM directly in WMS If you are not connected to the internet or you were unsuccessful downloading the Trail Mountain DEM then you can use the file trailmountain dem included with the tutorial data e 1 In WMS switch to the Terrain Data module 2 3 4 DEM Basics 4 3 Select File Open S Open the dem file you just unzipped Select OK WMS should read in the DEM an
63. the SCS Curve Numbers option is selected in the Computation section of the dialog Specify to Use a Soil type coverage for determining soil type Select your soil type coverage name Soil Type from the Soil type coverage name drop down list Specify to Use a Land use coverage for determining land use Select your land use coverage name Land Use from the Land use coverage name drop down list 9 14 WMS Tutorials 9 6 3 Importing Land Use and Soil Type Tables You may have your land use and soil type tables stored in data files Instead of manually assigning the data as you have here you would read these tables in from this dialog using the Jmport button Whether you have manually created tables or read them in from files you should see the land use ID s CN s for each soil type and land use descriptions in the window of the Mapping section 1 Select OK to compute the composite CN s The composite CN for each basin should now be displayed at the centroid of each basin 9 7 More TR 55 While you were entering the data for each of the two basins you may have noticed that instructions are given in the TR 55 data window to let you know what must be entered before a peak Q can be determined Once you enter all of the data the peak Q is computed and displayed in this same window You can also get help for anything listed in this window 1 Select the Select Basin tool K with the TR 55 dialog still open 2 Se
64. the ZDF Curves button 3 Select the line of text for the 0 yr recurrence interval 4 Select Done 5 Select the Define Hydrographs button 6 Choose the Traditional method 7 Choose the Rational Method hydrograph option 8 Select Done 9 Select Done in the Rational Method dialog also 10 Double click on the hydrograph icon for the most downstream outlet 11 Close the hydrograph plot window when you are done viewing by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the window 11 2 5 Combining Runoff from Multiple Basins Besides the traditional method of computing peak flows and hydrographs for multiple sub basins within a watershed WMS will also allow you to lag hydrographs computed for basins and add at outlets in order to produce downstream peak flows and hydrographs 1 Double click on the downstream most outlet point outlet of the Lower basin 2 Select the Define Hydrographs button 3 Choose the Route by summing method 4 Choose the Rational method hydrograph option 5 Select Done 6 Select Done 7 Double click the hydrograph icon for the bottom most outlet You can now see the difference between these two methods as both hydrographs are plotted in the window 1 Close the hydrograph plot window when you are done viewing by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the window 11 10 WMS Tutorials 11 3 Adding a Detention Basin If you compute runoff using the route by summing method then you can route
65. the flood are the same but the flood depths in the channels where cross sections were merged may be deeper than shown CHAPTER 15 Floodplain Delineation This tutorial demonstrates how to perform a floodplain delineation with WMS Before WMS can delineate a floodplain users must provide it with an elevation TIN Triangulated Irregular Network and a scatter point data set with river stage values TIN elevations might be obtained from survey data or by converting DEM Digital Elevation Model points to TIN vertices River stage files can be assembled manually or read in from a HEC RAS project file 15 1 Objectives This tutorial will familiarize you with how to delineate a floodplain based on 1 water surface elevations for a river and 2 a TIN which represents the topography for the area The tutorial will teach you how to e Experiment with the various Floodplain Delineation options including input data search radius flow path and quadrants e Perform floodplain delineations with water surface elevations acquired by the following techniques 1 Manually entered in a scatter point file 2 Approximated with the Channel Calculator in WMS 3 Computed with HEC RAS e Use a Flood Barrier coverage to restrict flood waters 15 2 WMS Tutorials e Generate flood depth impact and extent coverages 15 2 Floodplain Delineation Options You can choose from several different delineation options which in turn affect how the flood
66. the josephspeak tif icon in the Data Tree window and choose the Crop Collar command 20 21 22 23 Images 2 3 Select Images Import Open redridge tif This is an adjacent 1 24000 map image Right click on the redridge tif icon in the Data Tree window and choose the Crop Collar command Try zooming in and see if you can see where the map seams are hopefully you will have some difficulty but if you look close enough you may be able to tell u Select the Frame Image macro 2 Turn off the display of all four images by selecting the check marks in the boxes to the left of each image file icon in the Data Tree window Select Images Import Open richfield100 tif Crop the collar of this image by right clicking on its icon in the Data Tree window and choosing Crop Collar This is a 1 100 000 resolution TIF image for the same area as trailmountain tif l 2 3 4 5 Zoom in on the image with the Zoom tool al Turn off the display of richfield100 tif from the Data Tree Select Images Import Open richfield250a tif Crop the collar of this image by right clicking on its icon in the Data Tree window and choosing Crop Collar This is a 1 250000 resolution TIF image for the same area as trailmountain tif l Zoom in on the image with the Zoom tool g When you zoomed in on the three images you may have noticed that as the map scale increased
67. 2 Importing Land Use and Segmenting the Watershed To divide this watershed into hydrologically similar segments you will overlay a land use data layer You will read this data from an ArcView Shapefile 1 Select File Open Make sure the tutorial CH18 directory is selected Select the file named Jittleclanduse shp and click Open When the Import Shapefile Data dialog appears click on the Active Coverage Options button In the coverage properties dialog change the coverage type to Land Use Click OK to return to the Import Shapefile Data dialog note that the land use coverage is listed by the Active Coverage Options button Click on the Attribute Mapping button under Polygons This will allow you to choose the database fields that correspond to WMS attributes Choose LUCODE in the Database fields window and Land Use in the Coverage attributes window then click on the Map button You will see a new line appear in the lower window Note You may get a warning message if LUCODE and Land Use are already mapped If you do get that warning click OK and you will see LUCODE gt Land Use line in the lower window 8 Choose PERIMETER gt Basin perimeter line in the lower window and click Unmap This attribute is recognized automatically by WMS but is not needed in this case Choose Done Choose OK in the Import Shapefile Data dialog to read the file 20 4 WMS Tutorials You will see the land use data polygons overla
68. 43 10 26 17 46 04 49 84 01 04 ET Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin L 10 8 Cee ee ee ee a a i eet sell a a E a ES A l aa e DOSE S U O S R CEEA i gt o ojoo o ofotonoooo oH me eat Sir en I I j I j I I I I b bafta ba ba bafta ba ba ba bs ba ba ba by bi Figure 12 3 Summing the percentages of the codes representing water cover The Coverage Overlay command can be used in a similar fashion to determine the percentage of forested areas codes in the 40 s or any other classification type in a land use file or a soil file 1 Select Done 12 4 Running NFF The geometric data computed from the DEM has automatically been stored with the NFF data You can now run a simulation using the derived data Model NFF 1 Make sure that the Model combo box is set to NFF 2 Select the Select Basin tool 3 Double click on the basin icon for Basin 1B 4 Choose Florida from the list of states 5 Highlight Region B from the list of Regional regression equations 6 Select the Select gt button to move Region B to the Selected Equations window 7 Enter 10 8 for the Lake Area variable you may have to scroll the Variable Values window in order to see the Lake Area variable 8 Select the Compute Results button National Flood Frequency Program NFF Interface 12 7 The peak Q values are displayed in the window at the bottom of the dialog 12 4 1 E
69. 5 Figure 7 5 Node Location 1 Select DEM Node lt gt Outlet 7 8 WMS Tutorials x 2 Choose the Frame Image macro A 3 Zoom in around the branch shown in Figure 7 6 Figure 7 6 Zoom Area 1 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 2 Double click on the most downstream red node you can see as shown in Figure 7 7 Figure 7 7 Change the indicated node to an outlet 3 Select the Drainage outlet option 4 Select OK DEM Delineation 7 9 x 5 Select the Frame Image macro A 7 5 2 Defining Sub Basins l Select DEM Define Basins 2 Select DEM Basins gt Polygons 3 Select DEM Compute Basin Data 4 Select OK Notice that on the left basin where you changed the existing node to an outlet the basin was divided into two smaller sub basins automatically On the right basin where you added an outlet below the stream junction only one basin was created 7 6 Adding a Stream Arc and Redefining Basins Sometimes you will need to add stream arcs to your basin to represent man made objects such as roads Roads often disrupt the natural flow of watersheds and water collects along roads just as it collects in a stream This collected water needs to be added into your watershed in order to properly model the real life situation l 2 Select File Open Open richfield250a tif N Switch to the Map module Choose the Zoom tool Q Zoom in along the road as shown
70. 5 7 Edit Flow Directions 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 Toggle Flow Accumulation on 3 Select OK 4 Repeat steps in Section 8 4 4 to edit flow directions 8 5 8 Delineate Basin 1 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 2 If prompted select OK to delete all existing feature data and recreate it using the new basin delineation 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 8 6 Editing Elevations Using Feature Arcs DEM cell elevations can be edited to more accurately model the terrain or to reflect man made structures such as roads dikes or levees dams reservoirs or detention basins This makes creating a terrain model very versatile and allows you to evaluate a number of different scenarios 8 6 1 Prepare to Edit Elevations 1 Zoom in around the outlet 2 Hide trailmountain tif by toggling its visibility checkbox off 3 Select Display Contour Options 4 For the Contour Interval change the Number of contours to 100 5 Select OK 6 Switch to the Terrain Data module 4l Editing DEMs 8 17 8 6 2 Edit Elevations Using an Generic Arc 1 Use the Create Feature Arc tool to strike an arc as shown in Figure 1s A Figure 8 15 Feature arc location 2 Select the arc with the Select Feature Arc tool 3 Select DEM Edit Elevations 4 Select the nterpolate button 5 Use the Select Point tool to edit the elevation point in the middle of the profile aul 6 Select OK when you see the error message a
71. 7 Click the Apply Sources to Segments button This will allow you to assign these same External Sources to other segments in the model Choose Shrub amp Brush Rangeland in the Available Segments window move it to the Selected Segments window by clicking the gt button Repeat step 2 for Residential and Mixed Tundra Click OK Click Done in the Assign External Sources dialog Click OK in the PWATER dialog Click OK in the Pervious Land Activities dialog The Edit Parameters dialog should now be active You have successfully set up the SNOW and PWATER modules for all land segments in the model remember that you set up the modules explicitly for the Evergreen Forest segment and then copied the parameters to all other segments You may want to ensure review the set up for the other segments by choosing the segment in the Basin Data window then clicking the Define Activities button and reviewing the SNOW and PWATER input Now that the land segment data is complete you will enter data for the reach stream segment of the model 1 Click Done to close the Edit Parameters dialog 20 10 WMS Tutorials 20 5 Defining Reach Segment Parameters To simulate runoff in stream you will need to activate the HYDR module for the reach segment of the model You will also need to specify the output dataset needed a hydrograph in this case to view the results of the simulation 1 Double click on the watershed outlet in the Graphics Wind
72. Data Tree this should also activate the River Tools menu in the Model drop down list Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations Set the Create a data point field to At a specified spacing Enter 30 for the spacing You should see many scatter points added along the centerline arcs resulting in a view similar to that in Figure 15 3 the symbol for scatter points may be different Floodplain Delineation 15 11 Figure 15 3 View of interpolated scatter points If your scatter points didn t interpolate as shown above the most probable reason is that the original scatter points were not placed close enough to the Centerline arc In order to continue delete the scatter point set and either try creating the points again or open the sample scatter point set contained in samplescatter wpr 15 4 5 Delineate the Floodplain 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module 2 Select Flood Delineate 3 Change the Max search radius to 1000 4 Toggle on the Flow path option and enter a Max flow path value of 1000 5 Select OK 15 12 WMS Tutorials 6 Turn on the display of the Flood plain contours to view the results We have finished delineating a floodplain based on the water elevations that we calculated on our own The next section will describe how to open a set of scatter points that were entered into a text file 15 5 Delineation from HEC RAS Data 15 5 1 Reading the HEC RAS solution In this
73. Display Options For the following steps we do not need to know the exact extent of the reservoir Because color filled contours require more time for the image to regenerate we will change the contour display options 4 Select the contour display options icon e 5 Under contour interval select Number of contours A good value to use is 25 6 Under contour method choose Normal linear contours 7 Exit out of the dialog by pressing OK For WMS to process the data correctly certain types of data must be grouped together as a coverage In CE QUAL W2 modeling two types of coverages must be created the branch and the segment 21 5 Create Branches Now we are ready to start creating branches and segments WE will start first by creating branch coverage 21 5 1 Create Branch coverage 3 Open the folder in the upper right side of the screen labeled Map Data 4 Right click over the coverage labeled default coverage and select the Properties option 5 Select the pulldown menu under the Coverage Type heading and change to CE QUAL W2 Branch 6 Change the elevation to 6000 0 or any elevation above the maximum elevation of the TIN 7 Rename to Branch 21 6 WMS Tutorials 8 Exit out of the dialog by pressing OK When more than one coverage is created the current or active coverage appears in bold letters Make sure that checks appear in the boxes next to all coverages that will be used 21 5 2 Create Branches
74. GETTING AROUND THE WMS INTERFACE sessesssseeececeesessececececsesensesecececeesesssseeeecesesesssaeeeeeeeesensaaees 1 2 2 TIMA GES 0 soes EA E EE A teuseecsaveecscvdaenes sbdbsedbevteosbeseeues E T 2 1 2 1 OBJECTIVES a ae ee Se oe NEE 2 1 22 GSA LEY RA e 1 ESAS EAEE TE EETA E E ETE SE TE ee Tuas SE EE EE E 2 2 2 3 WORLD FIGES a n n a a a a a N e e e Sora ba ae 0 ds E E SEA 2 4 2 4 REGISTERING SCANNED MAGES m E E E R E e EE E E E A E 2 4 2 5 AERTAT PHOTOGRAPHS AR a a a E A E RA N A S 2 7 2 6 CONCLUSION Vinrent 2 10 3 BASIC FEATURE OBJECTS si iscscccsdessscodisesssedasasasssees iaseceoasessceesseeesssadeceds ve cesedeevee cochdecese seiad abiret 3 1 3 1 OBJECTIVES aneren aoip cee 5 cede el E EE TEN E E he HAR a TSA LBS E CES SEES Ca SEEN See BORED 3 1 3 2 CREATING AND EDITING FEATURE OBJECTS ccscssssscececsesessscecececsesensesecececeesensaseeeeecsesesssaeeeeceeeeensaaes 3 2 3 3 USING SHAPE FILES TO CREATE FEATURE OBJECTS cccccessessscececececsesnscececececsensanseeecesesensaseeeeeeceenes 3 6 3 4 CREATING FEATURE OBJECTS USING BACKGROUND IMAGES scsessssccececsesssceeeeececsesssaeeeeeceesensaaees 3 8 3 5 MORE FEATURE OBJECTS FROM IMAGES ccsesessssecececsesssceceeeceesenseaececececseeaeseecesesensaaeeeeeeeesensaaes 3 11 3 6 DISPLAY OPTIONS isar e Aijutecteds cusdusvotedus cascestuse EE REE A ites RNE A 3 12 3 7 CONCEUSION aran reti cos RRE AR ck han Beek hu A R Bataan EE ba Hie eae ch 3 13 4 DEM CBASIES EE A AS EE AE IE
75. HEC 1 model are defined for basins outlets and reaches However there are many global parameters that control the overall simulation and are not specific to any basin or reach in the model These parameters are defined in the WMS interface using the Job Control dialog 1 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module H 2 HEC 1 should be the default model but if it is not select it from the drop down list of models found in the Edit Window 3 Select HEC 1 Job Control 4 The first three lines are for comments identification at the top of the HEC 1 input file The first line already has information indicating that the input file is generated by WMS you can change this if you want Enter Clear Creek Tributary Watershed for the second ID line Enter your name and current date in the third line 5 Leave the Day Month and Field years alone HEC 1 allows you to enter a date but almost always you are simulating some kind of hypothetical or design storm and not an actual storm If you change the simulation date you will need to be careful to make sure the storm date is in synch but if you leave it alone then there will not be a problem 6 Enter 5 minutes for the Computation time interval and 300 for the Number of hydrograph ordinates Leave the starting time at 0 A HEC 1 simulation will run for a length of time equal to the time step multiplied by the number of ordinates If you are simulating a 24 hr storm but only run the simu
76. How to use an NFF Region coverage to automatically determine which equations should be used and to compute any areas of NFF region overlap CHAPTER 13 HEC RAS Analysis HEC RAS was developed by the U S Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center HEC RAS performs a step backwater curve analysis for either steady state or transient conditions to determine water surface elevations and velocities 13 1 Objectives In this tutorial you will learn how to use the WMS River tools to construct a HEC RAS steady flow model This includes the following e Building the conceptual model e Mapping the conceptual data to a hydraulic model representation e Running the simulation within HEC RAS e Viewing results in WMS 13 2 Preparing the Conceptual Model The first step to creating a HEC RAS model is to create a conceptual model which defines the river reaches layout and attributes the position of cross sections on those reaches orientation and station values bank locations and 13 2 WMS Tutorials material zones The conceptual model will be used to create a network schematic inside the River Hydraulic module kal We will create the conceptual model from a USGS quad map as well as scattered bathymetric elevation data in the form of a TIN 1 Select File Open 2 Open wmsras img ka 3 Select File Open ao 4 Open wmsras tin The TIN clutters the screen yet we want to know where it is so we don
77. IN in WMS This is done by creating arcs that represent the plan view of the cross sections on a 1 D Hyd Cross Section coverage WC Map Data 5 1D Hyd Centerline IB iordannarrowsdrg TIF OE midvaledrg TIF 6 gt Area Property M beet 7 8 9 N Switch to the Map module aa Select File Open S Open xsections map Zoom in around the cross section arcs labeled 0 4 Hide the materials polygons by toggling Area Property coverage in the Data Tree off Hide the background images by toggling them off Select Display Contour Options Select the Specified interval option and enter a value of 10 0 Select OK You can see that the cross section arcs are approximately as wide as the floodplain might be They end where there is a sharp break in slope and the terrain gets relatively steep Wider cross section arcs are generally not necessary for a HEC RAS analysis Model River Tools x 11 Select River Tools Extract Cross Section Make sure the D Hyd Cross Section coverage is active in the Data Tree In the Model drop down list at the top of the screen select River Tools Select OK Enter xsec for the name of the new cross section database where all of the cross sections will be stored 14 5 Merging cross sections Any two cross sections can easily be merged in WMS We will create a new cross section database that stores surveyed channel cross section data and merge that wi
78. M Point Attributes dialog shown in Figure 8 9 DEM Point Attributes Attributes Flow direction Elevation 2048 4646 I Depression point Basin NONE Outlet NO Stream NO Flow accumulation 0 26 sq mi 743 cells Flow distance to outlet Figure 8 9 DEM Point Attributes dialog 8 10 WMS Tutorials 2 Change the flow direction according to Table 8 1 Table 8 1 New flow directions DEM Cell New Flow Direction RITITIN 3 Select OK 4 Toggle the Compute flow accumulations on ONLY after the last flow direction has been edited 5 Select OK 6 Repeat Step 1 5 for all remaining numbered DEM cells in Figure 1 8 It is possible to edit the flow direction for multiple DEM cells at once using the DEM Point Attributes command in the Map module 8 4 5 Delineate Basin 1 Use the Create outlet point tool o to create an outlet point as shown in Figure 8 10 Editing DEMs 8 11 Figure 8 10 Outlet location 2 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 8 5 Editing Elevations to Create Streams Stream arcs on a DEM are generally created based on flow directions and flow accumulations DEM elevations do not always represent the channel elevation of a stream but might actually be the bank elevation This can cause streams that have unnatural profiles with drastically varying slopes We will smooth the stream cell profiles to be more representative of a natural sloping c
79. OK 12 Using Figure 13 5 as a guide define material types for the remaining polygons remember you can also double click on a polygon to bring up the attributes dialog SYMBOL ID NAME River Commercial Residential Forest Cropland Figure 13 5 Materials used in HEC RAS Simulation 13 8 WMS Tutorials 13 2 5 Creating the Cross Sections HEC RAS associates most of its model data with cross sections and generates solutions or output at the cross sections Therefore cross sections are the most important part of the map HEC RAS requires at least two cross sections on each reach To create the cross sections l Set the current coverage to 1D Hyd Cross Section by single clicking on it in the Data Tree 2 Select the Create Feature Arc tool S 3 Create at least two cross sections on each reach by clicking a point on one side of the reach then double clicking a point on the other side of the reach as shown in Figure 13 6 Figure 13 6 Cross section coverage 13 2 6 Extracting Cross Sections In the cross section coverage all arcs are cross section arcs Their position and orientation define the location of the cross sections in the system but as of yet they do not have any data assigned We want to assign elevation data materials and point property locations to the cross sections This information HEC RAS Analysis 13 9 will be extracted from the TIN the area property coverage and the centerline cove
80. Open aw 4 Open 7133307 hdr this is one of the files you just unzipped or you can open it from the NED subdirectory 5 Select OK DEM Basics 4 7 6 Select No when prompted to convert coordinates WMS should read in the DEM and it should be similar to other DEM files you have read in 4 2 4 Arc info ASCII Grid Format DEMs Many agencies manage their data with Arc Info software so you will often need GIS data in the ASCII grid format so that it can be used in WMS 1 Select File New 2 Select File Open S 3 Open ArcInfoDEM asc 4 Select OK The Arc Info grid is read in just as any other DEM 4 3 Merging DEMs The area you are studying may lie across two or more DEM quads WMS is able to merge multiple DEM files that span quad sheets To see how this works complete the following steps 1 Select File New 2 Select File Open a 3 Find and multi select jJosephpeak dem redridge dem marysvalecanyon dem and trailmountain dem 4 Choose Open You will be taken to the Importing USGS DEMs manager The area covered by the DEM you have selected will be colored in a box near the center of the dialog The boundaries of your DEM area will show up in the four edit boxes 5 Select OK By multi selecting the DEMs you want you can read in all the quads you need at the same time WMS is able to read in an unlimited number of DEMs at a time unless your computer runs out of memory You can rea
81. R 3 Basic Feature Objects Feature objects are points lines and polygons organized in coverages by different attribute sets such as drainage features land use soils time travel paths cross sections etc A synonymous word for coverage would be a layer AutoCAD theme Arc View or level Micro Station Simply put a coverage contains points lines or polygons that have the same attribute set For example you don t want to store land use polygons in the same coverage or layer as drainage basin or soil polygons The primary coverage in WMS is the drainage coverage which holds drainage boundary polygons stream lines and outlet nodes Most of the other coverages are secondary to the drainage coverage and are used to map other hydrologic parameters such as travel time or curve numbers Feature objects are equivalent to GIS vector data and so importing from GIS databases is one important way to create coverages in WMS Another important method for creating feature object coverages is to digitize directly from the screen using a georeferenced image in the background as a guide 3 1 Objectives In this workshop you will learn the basics for creating and importing feature objects and managing different coverages This includes the following 1 Creating and editing feature objects 2 Feature object attributes 3 2 WMS Tutorials 3 Creating coverages and specifying attribute sets 4 Basic importing of shapefiles 5 Using i
82. R EXTENT ccccccssssscecssseeceesnececseaececeeeeecessaeeecsesaececeeeeeeseueeecsesaeeseneeaeensaa 21 3 CHANGE CONTOUR DISPLAY OPTIONS ssssscessssceeeessececesaeeeceeceecessaeeecsssseeeceeeeeesesaeeecsesaeesenseeeensea 21 5 CREATE BRANCHES isti2 esses chescetees ond ra an neice diesbte nih ache ae nee cede aie en A 21 5 CREATE SEGMEN TS e e sk Mieke eae Re ae nh Hae ei A i 21 7 SYSTEM MODELING 4 xc aeia e ha hah ects Ries ee id eon eh eh ese cs 21 9 SAVING BATHYMETRY AS CE QUAL W2 INPUT FILE scessseesseceereeseeceeeeecnaeceeeeecnaeceeneeenaecenees 21 13 CHAPTER 1 Introduction This document contains tutorials for the Watershed Modeling System WMS Each tutorial provides training on a specific component of WMS Since the WMS interface contains a large number of options and commands you are strongly encouraged to complete the tutorials before attempting to use WMS on a routine basis In addition to this document the WMS Help File also describes the WMS interface Typically the most effective approach to learning WMS is to complete the tutorials and use the help file when encountering a portion of WMS that is unclear 1 1 Suggested Order of Completion This first tutorial allows you to open the interface and get familiar with the WMS Interface in general Chapters 2 8 cover the basic data structures used in WMS images GIS vector data or feature objects DEMs and TINs and how watersheds can be delineated to set up
83. Select the branching stream node shown in Figure 6 5 Your node may be anywhere not necessarily above the junction of the colored lines Advanced Feature Objects 6 9 Figure 6 5 Branching Stream Node Select Feature Objects Clean Make sure the Snap selected nodes checkbox is selected Select OK Select the junction of the three basins as the snapping point by clicking on it This node also needs to be changed to a drainage outlet Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A Select the node Select Feature Objects Attributes Select the Drainage outlet radio button Select OK AK Use the Frame macro A I to zoom out Zoom in around the left stream branch and basin junctions as shown in Figure 6 6 6 10 WMS Tutorials Figure 6 6 Left Stream Branch Zoom Area l Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K Siream Arc Basin Are Figure 6 7 Arcs to Clean l 2 3 4 Select the stream arc and the basin arc it crosses Select Feature Objects Clean Make sure the ntersect selected arcs check box is selected Select OK The two arcs are intersected and a node is placed at the intersection point As before this node needs to be an outlet Advanced Feature Objects 6 11 1 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 2 Select the node 3 Select Feature Objects Attributes 4 Select the Drainage outlet radio button 5 Select OK ux 6 Use the Frame macro
84. The peak should be about 600 cfs rather than the 500 cfs that was generated with a CN value of 70 1 Close the hydrograph window by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the window 2 Select Hydrographs Delete All 10 5 Adding Sub basins and Routing You will now subdivide the watershed into two upper basins and one lower basin and define routing for the reaches that connect the upper basins to the watershed outlet 10 5 1 Delineating the sub basin 1 Select the Drainage module B HEC 1 Interface 10 13 2 Select the Zoom tool al 3 Create a zoom box around the region identified by a box in Figure 10 3 Figure 10 3 Zoom in on the area indicated by the rectangle 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 On the Map tab toggle on Vertices 3 Select OK 4 Select the Select Feature Vertex tool Al 5 Select the vertex that is just below the main branching point you just zoomed in around 6 Select DEM Node lt gt Outlet You create the outlet point just below the branch in order to have a single upstream basin If you wanted a separate basin for each upstream branch you could define the branching node to be an outlet WMS will automatically assume that you want separate basins for each branch so we have created a node just downstream of the branch and defined it as the outlet for the upper basin 10 14 WMS Tutorials ux 1 Select the Frame macro HH 2 Select the Zoom tool al 3 Create a zoom b
85. Turn on the Color fill polygons option 3 Select OK In order to transfer the basin area and stream lengths and to compute them in appropriate units for hydrologic modeling you need to compute the basin data This will make it possible to use the polygon area in any of the hydrologic modeling interfaces 1 Select Feature Objects Compute Basin Data This command computes areas perimeters and centroids for each of the sub basins and assigns these values to the hydrologic modeling tree 2 Inthe Units Dialog select the Current Coordinates button 3 Make sure the Horizontal and Vertical units are Meters the base units were UTM meters 4 Select OK 5 Set the Basin Areas units to Square miles 6 Set the Distances units to Feet 7 Select OK to compute the sub basin data 6 3 Cleaning Since you changed some display settings in the last part of the tutorial you need to completely exit out of WMS and restart the program before continuing N 1 Switch to the Map module 2 Select File Open 3 Open streams img For this file to open properly richfield250b tif must be located in the same folder as streams img 1 Choose the Zoom tool al 6 6 WMS Tutorials 2 Using the zoom tool draw the zoom window shown in Figure 6 2 we Rey Figure 6 2 Zoom Window 3 As explained in the previous section digitize the streams and lakes shown in Figure 6 3 Start at the junction the red arrow points to When you
86. UENCY PROGRAM NFF INTERFACE cccssscsssssssssssssees 12 1 12 1 OPENING THE DRAINAGE BASIN npin rainne ceded ssveustecieavisssseecsescesdetsdoudest atvsavesscadcecsesvedenscess 12 1 12 2 PREPARE THE BASIN FOR USE WITH NFF u ccccceesssccceceesessecececececeensesecceececsensaaeeeeceeesenssaeeeeeeseneees 12 2 12 3 CALCULATING PERCENTAGE OF LAKE COVER ccccccccscessssssseeeeececsesnsaeceeececcenssaeeeeceecsesaueceeececeeneaaes 12 3 12 4 SRUNNING NEF oaeen a E E ey ects eee 0s eae Seabee ae ARE SA STN 0 es OEE ABBE Bs uel 12 6 12 5 UTILIZING AN NFF REGION COVERAGE ccccccccecssssssececececeesesueceeececsesesueceeececeensaeceeececseneasaeeeeeceenes 12 8 12 6 CONCLUSION S ren ee T ces cbiva sa ccuede RRE E ba psealien ies EN EEA 12 12 13 HEC RAS ANAL YSIS wisi sescsesscccciesoscsevecscecscosossecnstecscnsosctacsecssnsesdsostessatecboese sossessesceusesspossocsoaccnaesese 13 1 13 1 OBJECTIVES zma a anes eeteescslpea eased oa Seaton a Sects suave eles loses teas aaa aa Bo 13 1 13 2 PREPARING THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL cccccccecsesssseceeececeessaecesececsessaececececsessaecececseseneaeaeeeceesenes 13 1 13 3 CREATING THE NETWORK SCHEMATIC ccccccessesssceeececsesesececeeccsesenssaeceeeeeesesnsaeeeeececeeneaasaeeeeeceenes 13 10 13 4 CREATING THE GEOMETRY IMPORT FILE cccceceessssececececsessaececececsesssecesececseneseeeeesesenenssaeeeeecs 13 12 135 CUSINGHEE RA Syors ciel cot iain A ev ade Renate asec Bick ROPER IR
87. WS _1 fd in the Data Tree 28 You can toggle between MaxWS fd and MaxWS 1 fd in the Data Tree to view the effects of the flood barrier coverage on the floodplain delineation CHAPTER 18 Storm Drain Rational Design Storm Drain is a hydraulic analysis and design program for storm drain systems Developed by the Federal Highway Administration Storm Drain provides hydraulic engineers with a quick and accurate method of computing the capacity of an existing system or designing a system to meet a given set of input flows The Storm Drain interface in WMS uses the same HYDRA program that has been distributed by the FHWA as part of their HYDRAIN computer program package for the past several years 18 1 Objectives In this tutorial we will set up a drainage simulation based on the Rational Method for a proposed subdivision The objective of this tutorial is to teach you the basic steps for defining a Storm Drain input file running the numeric model and viewing the results These steps include the following 1 Define runoff coefficients 2 Define the drainage area 3 Compute flows for each basin using the Rational Method 4 Import a pipe network 5 Define the necessary parameters for the network 18 2 WMS Tutorials Link nodes from the drainage network to their corresponding nodes in the pipe network Assign elevations to the pipe network Save the Storm Drain input file and run the simulation View the solution 18 2 Defini
88. Watershed Modeling System WMS v7 1 TUTORIALS WMS 7 1 Tutorials Copyright 2004 Brigham Young University Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory All Rights Reserved Unauthorized duplication of the WMS software or documentation is strictly prohibited THE BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING RESEARCH LABORATORY MAKES NO WARRANTIES EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REGARDING THE PROGRAM WMS AND ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THE VALIDITY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS USER S MANUAL The software WMS is a product of the Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory of Brigham Young University For more information about this software and related products contact the EMRL at Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory Rm 242 Clyde Building Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 Tel 801 422 2812 e mail wms byu edu WWW http www emrl byu edu wms html For technical support contact your WMS reseller TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION visesicsccssssssccvessensesessvncesesscsses setecesseuecsessessvevesseessevecsesseuesssnecadessevdoessunssdesonssedessvecovesscooss 1 1 1 1 SUGGESTED ORDER OF COMPLETION cccssssssecececsessssececccecsesssseceeececsesssaececcceceenesaeeeeececseseaeaeeeeeceenea 1 1 1 2 TUTORA BTEBS sec ccstcds ceeds sos coed coed gee cu coh seabed de dO oda a ended ae Leas aca steadied dudes a e 1 2 1 3 STARTING OVER sie RE les bees RRE R E E E Fugieaa ten a a iei s 1 2 1 4
89. You will notice that some areas appear flooded that you know are not actually flooded if the dam breaches These areas can be corrected by drawing polygons around the areas you know are not flooded and then re delineating the floodplain The following steps explain how to do this 15 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree and select New Coverage from the pop up menu 16 Choose Flood Barrier from the Coverage Type drop down box 17 Select OK 18 Choose the Create Feature Arcs tool il 19 Draw an arc representing a polygon around the extra data that needs to be deleted This includes areas clearly outside of the floodplain and areas where data does not exist to give accurate results such as outside the extents of the hydraulic model see Figure 17 5 WMS will ignore the areas inside this polygon when delineating your floodplain Be sure your arc forms a closed loop 17 12 WMS Tutorials TIN Contours 1 Polygon for region outside the a floodplain and hydraulic model Figure 17 5 Creating a polygon for regions outside the model extents 20 Switch to the Map module Fel 21 Select Feature Objects Build Polygons Select OK to use all arcs 22 Switch to the Terrain Data module s 23 Select Flood Delineate 24 Select the User defined flood barrier coverage option 25 Change the solution name to MaxWS_1 26 Select OK 27 To view the new data open the MaxWS_1 FLOOD solution folder and select Max
90. a a ata a eE 17 7 17 3 POST PROCESS NG rnn nenna n e E AN R E RE R E EEE RESES 17 9 18 STORM DRAIN RATIONAL DESIGN cccccsssssessssscsssssscessccccscsssscsceccccsesssssssececesssssssssenecesees 18 1 18 1 OBIECTIVES mern e n a ea ao a A A a alba Gud a viedo RB 18 1 18 2 DEFINING RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS nren iniii rie ei i ENE EAE E GENEAN iia 18 2 18 3 DEFINING THE DRAINAGE AREA ccsesssccseeeceesenssceeecececseseseeeecceeseaueceeeceesesaaeeeeeceesessaaseeeeeeesensaaeas 18 3 18 4 IMPORTING THE PIPE NETWORK cccccesssssececececeesseuececececeessueceeececsesssaeceeececseseaeseeececsesessaeeeeeceenes 18 7 18 5 LINKING NODES AND ASSIGNING ELEVATIONG ccccssssccccecsessssececececsessseceeececsenenneceeeesesenensaaeeeecs 18 12 18 6 SAVING THE SIMULATION AND RUNNING STORM DRAIN csessssecccecsesessececececsesenssceseeseeesenseaeeeees 18 13 viii WMS Tutorials 19 19 1 19 2 19 3 19 4 19 5 20 20 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 21 21 1 21 2 21 3 21 4 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 8 STORM DRAIN HYDROGRAPHIC DESIGN scsssscssssssssscsscsssscsssccssessssscssssssssscessesssscees 19 1 OBJECTIVES ai a ee E sd ccectses tes lad ives tented Seek eran Sebel EE hedeeel ee des tee del dees casino vena 19 2 DEVELOPING THE SURFACE DRAINAGE COVERAGE sscccsssssssecssseeceesuececsesaeeecseeeecsesaeeecsesaeesesseeeenes 19 2 RUNNING A RATIONAL ANALYSIS cccsescecesssececssceeceesececessaececseeeecessaeee
91. alculated using a Time Computation Coverage and is discussed in more detail in another WMS tutorial For this tutorial however it is assumed that the TC values have already been calculated and we will input them manually 1 2 Change the Model drop down box located towards the top of the WMS interface to Rational Choose the Select Basin tool BR Error Reference source not found 18 7 3 Double click on the basin icon for the basin in the lower left hand corner of the subdivision 4 Enter 14 for the Time of Concentration minutes 5 Select each of the remaining drainage basins and assign Time of Concentration values using Figure 18 4 as a guide Figure 18 4 TC values for the drainage areas 6 Select Done to close the Rational Method dialog We have now set up a traditional rational simulation for the Cougar Estates subdivision The only remaining step is to define the IDF curves This step will be included as part of the Storm Drain process We will now import a pre defined pipe network assign properties to the network and link it to the Drainage coverage 18 4 Importing the Pipe Network As mentioned above we will be importing a pipe network to use in our Storm Drain simulation This network was defined as a shapefile and will be converted to feature objects by WMS WMS can also open DXF files and 18 8 WMS Tutorials convert them to feature objects Alternatively users can manually create a pipe
92. allow the flow to make it to the designated outlet point and results in inaccurate basin delineation Also notice the false dams that have been created from the triangulation False dams generally occur where a triangle edge lies perpendicular to the stream 5 6 Manual TIN Editing Manual methods of editing TINs include inserting breaklines swapping triangle edges inserting or deleting vertices and editing vertex elevation and location Breaklines are useful along streams and ridges by forcing triangle edges to lie along the breakline during triangulation Swapping triangle edges can eliminate false dams and pits and smooth contours Manipulating vertices also alters drainage characteristics of the TIN 5 6 1 Pit 1 Inserting a Breakline 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 7 os 2 Select the Create breakline tool N Click on the outlet and then on an upstream vertex as shown in Figure 5 4 to create a breakline Figure 5 4 Breakline 4 Select TIN Triangle Insert Breakline s Triangle edges are forced into the TIN and the false dams and pit are removed 5 6 2 Pit 1 Swapping Edges 1 Use the Swap triangle edges tool to swap edges by clicking on or near the triangle edge to be swapped for the three numbered triangles in Figure 5 5 ay Figure 5 5 Jagged contours 5 8 WMS Tutorials Figure 5 6 shows the smooth contours after swapping edges Figure 5 6
93. and triangles 3 Select Display Display Options g 4 Choose the TIN tab 5 Toggle off the check box for Unlocked Vertices it may already be off 6 Toggle off the check box for Triangles 20 21 22 23 24 You ll Floodplain Delineation 15 3 Select OK Select File Open a Open samplescatter wpr Expand the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary Expand the Land TIN in the Data Tree this way you will be able to see the water surface elevation solution data sets Select Flood Delineate Enter 100 for the Max search radius Enter sr100 for the solution name Select OK We will now change the Search radius and re calculate a floodplain Select Flood Delineate Increase the Max search radius to 500 Change the solution name to sr500 Select OK to delineate a new floodplain Examine the flood depth solution by expanding the sr100 FLOOD solution folder and selecting the sr100_fd data set Viewing the other flood depth solution reveals a significant difference between the two floodplain delineations The floodplain extends quite a bit further for the 500 search radius than for the 100 search radius Delineate two additional floodplains using Max search radii of 7000 and 2000 Expand their solutions in the Data Tree window and select the correspond flood depth data sets sr1000_ fd and sr2000_ fd notice that there is very little difference between t
94. art first by creating segment coverage Because we have already defined the branches we can use the branch boundaries to help define the segments 21 6 1 Create segment coverage 1 Right click over the Branch coverage in the upper right of the screen and select the Duplicate option 2 Right click over the segment coverage and select the Properties option 3 Change the Coverage Type to CE QUAL W2 Segment 4 Change the elevation to 6000 0 or any elevation above the high point of the TIN 5 Rename the coverage Segment 6 Exit out of the dialog by selecting OK 7 Select the Segment coverage so that it is either highlighted or in bold 21 8 WMS Tutorials 21 6 2 Create segments 1 Select the zoom tool si 2 Create a box around the area shown in Figure 3 3 Select the create feature arc tool aa 4 Starting at one bank at the edge of the polygon click to begin the arc 5 Click on the other edge of the arc If it has connected with the boundary polygon it will automatically end the arc and begin another one 6 If the arc has already snapped to the polygon press the escape key to end the arc Steps 2 6 should be followed to define as many segments as desired A few notes about segment creation e The arcs used to divide the segments should be roughly perpendicular to the general flow direction e Over the area where a branch intersects the main body only one segment can be present the branch can only open int
95. at should share a common node but do not WMS has an option to snap these nodes together 1 Find the portion of the image labeled Vertices Nodes and Arcs 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool K 3 Click on the node labeled 5 4 Select Feature Objects Clean 5 Make sure the Snap selected nodes option is checked 6 Select OK If you look down at the bottom of the WMS screen you will notice the help window is prompting you to select a snapping point 7 Click on the main arc near the point labeled 7 WMS will not snap the arcs together because no vertex exists at the point you selected To be able to snap the two arcs together you must insert a vertex at this point Inserting Vertices 1 Choose the Create Feature Vertex tool 2 Single click on the arc where it is labeled 7 A vertex is inserted here just as if you had clicked here when creating the arc originally Now you can snap the two arcs together 3 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool id 4 Click on the node labeled 5 5 Select Feature Objects Clean 6 Make sure the Snap selected nodes option is checked 7 Select OK 3 4 WMS Tutorials 8 Select the vertex you just created WMS snaps the two arcs together and changes the vertex at point 7 to a node 3 2 4 Deleting a Portion of an Arc Now that the main arc you created has two nodes along its length you can delete the center portion only 1 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K
96. ata set list 10 Select OK 15 3 3 Creating a Flood Impact Map WMS can use two separate floodplain delineations to generate a Flood Impact coverage 15 6 WMS Tutorials A Flood Impact coverage shows the difference between two flood depth or water level sets The differences are divided into ranges or classes Using the floodplains delineated in the previous steps you will create a Flood Impact coverage in order to investigate the difference in flooding with and without the proposed levee 1 Select Flood Conversion Flood gt Impact Map 2 Choose WSE _fd in the Original data set combo box 3 Choose WSE2_fd in the Modified data set combo box 4 Toggle on the Create no impact polygons check box 5 Select OK to accept the default classes ranges attributes and names 6 Select Yes to create the coverage 7 This new data set is calculated as WSEI_fd WSE2_fd indicating that all values in the second data set were subtracted from their corresponding values in the first data set N 8 Switch to the Map module 9 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool K 10 Double click on any one of the polygons 11 The dialog that opens shows the amount of change from the original data set to the modified data set as well as the impact class ID and name Besides creating a tabular data file as described above scatter point sets can also be created interactively with the tools in WMS or opened from a HEC RAS solution fi
97. attributes of arcs and nodes you can change the attributes of polygons 8 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool w 9 Double click anywhere inside Polygon A in the Polygons portion of the image 10 Select the Drainage boundary type 11 Select OK Polygon A should now be drawn in a thick colored line instead of a black one 12 Double click anywhere inside Polygon B 13 Select the Lake Reservoir type 14 Select OK Polygon B should now be drawn in light blue 3 3 Using Shape Files to Create Feature Objects One of the most important features of WMS is the ability to automatically create feature objects using shapefiles We will now import a streams shapefile and a basins shapefile and convert them to streams and basins 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save your changes 3 3 1 Basic Feature Objects 3 7 3 Switch to the GZS module You will import shapefile data differently depending on whether the computer you are working on has ArcInfo installed on it or not For this tutorial the two ways are basically equivalent However if you have ArcInfo installed you have access to more data types and display options First you will import a shapefile without ArcInfo Without Arcinfo 1 Select Data Add Shapefile Data 2 Open streams shp In order for the shapefile to work correctly streams dbf and streams shx must be located in the same directory as streams shp This is true for all shap
98. available additional features needed to build a Storm Drain model Then we will read in pre defined drainage boundaries and set up drainage inlets and a drainage outfall 18 3 1 Initializing Storm Drain 1 Change the Model drop down box located at the top of the WMS interface to Storm Drain 18 4 WMS Tutorials 2 Select Storm Drain New Simulation 18 3 2 Creating the Drainage Coverage l 2 3 4 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree Select New Coverage from the pop up menu Change Coverage type to Drainage Select OK Select File Open Open runoff shp Click on the browse 5 button located under the check box for opening a shapefile of arcs Open drainage shp Select OK to import the shape file data Figure 18 2 shows what your layout should look like Drainage outlet Figure 18 2 Drainage basins and streams for the subdivision Error Reference source not found 18 5 Before defining nodes as storm drains drainage outlets we will hide the Runoff Coefficient coverage in order to simplify the screen display l Toggle the visibility check box for the Runoff Coefficient coverage off in the Data Tree Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A Double click on the node labeled Drainage Outlet in Figure 18 2 Change the Point type to Drainage Outlet and select OK While holding the lt SHIFT gt key select each of the nodes labeled as Storm Drains in Figure 18 3 T
99. ay Display Options g 2 On the TIN tab toggle Unlocked Vertices and Triangles off 3 On the TIN Drainage tab toggle Drainage Basin Boundaries off 4 Select OK N 5 Switch to the Map module E 6 Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary 7 Right click on the General coverage and select Properties 8 Change the Coverage Type to Drainage 5 14 WMS Tutorials 10 11 12 13 Select OK Select the Create Feature Arc tool r Select Feature Objects Attributes Make sure the current feature arc type is set to Generic and select OK Use the Create Feature Arc tool r to create an arc that begins and ends at the outlet and follows along the inside edge of the TIN boundary as shown in Figure 5 14 Figure 5 14 Creating an arc along the TIN boundary 14 15 16 17 18 Use the Create Feature Arc tool E to create an arc starting at the outlet that follows the stream on the background image as shown in Figure 5 14 Make sure you create the arc from downstream to upstream Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the arc along the stream K Select Feature Objects Attributes Choose a Feature Arc Type of Stream Select OK Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 15 19 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the arc along the TIN boundary K 20 Select Feature Objects Build Polygon 5 7 4 Redistribute Vertices The size of the triangles created during triangulati
100. basin the basin boundary Advanced Feature Objects 6 3 comes very close to the stream You will need to zoom in on this region in order to avoid conflicts with the snapping tolerance l 2 Select Feature Objects Attributes Choose the Stream feature arc type Select OK Create the main channel from the outlet of the watershed to the outlet point for the two upper basins Begin by clicking near enough to the boundary arc at the outlet so that it snaps to it and end by double clicking on the basin junction point Create the two branches of the lower basin by clicking on a point near the stream arc just created and double clicking at the most upstream point of the branches in the image NOTE As you create new vertices on stream arcs you should always do so from downstream to upstream l 2 Choose the Zoom tool Zoom in on the region shown in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 Junction of Main Channel in Aspen Grove Watershed l Choose the Create Arcs tool El 2 Create the initial portion of each portion of the stream by clicking on the junction point intersection of red boundary lines in the image and going as far upstream as is possible on the zoomed image End by double clicking 6 4 WMS Tutorials You needed to zoom in order to avoid conflicts with the auto snapping feature If you do click too close to an existing arc you will get a message that the stream is illegal and you will need to try again
101. begin defining parameters for the land segments of the HSPF model This model will be set up for purely hydrologic analysis thus you will be activating and inputting parameters only to the SNOW and WATER modules of HSPF Further to decrease the time needed to complete the tutorial you will fully set up one segment then copy those parameters to the other 3 in the model Do the following to complete these tasks l 2 Select the basin icon by clicking on it Select HSPF Edit Parameters Choose the Evergreen Forest segment from the Basin Data window Click the Define Activities button Click the boxes next to Snow SNOW and Water PWAT to checkmark them Note that the buttons become active upon checking the corresponding box HSPF Interface 20 7 You have just activated the Snow and Water modules for this land segment Evergreen Forest You must now enter the parameters for each active module to allow HSPF to simulate the segment correctly l 2 Click on the SNOW button in the Pervious Land Activity dialog In the SNOW dialog that appears enter the following values in the appropriate fields leave other fields at the default values these values are either generally recommended values or HSPF defaults SNOW INIT1 SNOW INIT2 SNOW PARM1 SNOW PARM2 Pack snow 4 0 in SKYCLR 1 0 LAT 40 5 degrees TSNOW 35 0 degrees Pack ice 2 0 in MELEV 8410 8 ft MWATER 0 2 Pack watr 2 0 in SHADE 0 40
102. bout rerunning TOPAZ The DEM cell represented by the selected profile point is highlighted in the main graphics window 7 Make sure that the selected profile point corresponds to the DEM cell contains the outlet 8 Drag the selected profile point down approximately to its original elevation which is represented by the dotted red line in Figure 8 16 8 18 WMS Tutorials Edit DEM Elevations gt Profile of selected cells Offset elevations by a constant Figure 8 16 Editing DEM elevations 9 Select OK and notice the updated contours We have effectively edited the DEM elevations to represent a small basin reservoir created by the fill where the road crosses over the drainage point 8 6 3 Run TOPAZ 1 Switch to the Drainage module 8 2 Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 5 Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 8 6 4 Edit Flow Directions Repeat the steps in Section 8 4 4 to correct the flow directions again Editing DEMs 8 19 8 6 5 Delineate Basin 1 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 2 Ifprompted select OK to delete all existing feature data and recreate it using the new basin delineation 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 8 7 Computing a Storage Capacity Curve A storage capacity curve can be computed based on DEM elevations for any outlet 1 Use the Select Nodes tool to select the outlet point is 2 Select DEM
103. calculations in English units 5 Change the name to CCTrib HEC 1 will only use the first SIX characters so do not use names longer than six characters for basins or outlets 6 Select OK 7 Select the Precipitation button 8 Select the Basin Average option 9 Enter 1 8 inches for the Average precipitation depth 10 Select the Define Series button In order to simulate a rainfall event you must enter both a rainfall depth and a temporal distribution The SCS uses standard time distributions for different areas of the U S These series have been created and stored in a file that you HEC 1 Interface 10 9 can import You could also define your own series according to an actual storm or a design storm from a regulating agency l 2 6 Select the Jmport button Find and open the file named scstabs xys You may need to change the Files of type filter to All Files in order to see the file In the Selected Curve drop down list select the typell 24hour curve Select OK Select OK Select the Loss Method button Enter a Curve Number CRVNBR field of 70 We will compute a CN value from actual land use and soil files later Select OK Select the Unit Hydrograph Method button Make sure the SCS dimensionless option is chosen it is the default Select the Compute Parameters Basin Data button Set the Computation Type to Compute Lag Time the default Set the Method drop down list to SCS Method
104. ch radius option box is toggled on and enter 1000 for the Max search radius Enter 500 for the Max flow distance Make sure the Quadrants check box is toggled on Enter 4 for the Number of stages in a quadrant We will accept the default solution and data set names Select OK It may take a minute or two for WMS to compute the floodplain delineation 10 From the Data Tree toggle on the TIN s check box to show it again x 11 Select the Frame Image macro 2 12 Expand the folder named Land 13 Expand the folder named W S Elev PF 1 FLOOD in the Data Tree 14 Select the data set named W S Elev PF 1_fd 15 Your screen should appear similar to Figure 15 5 Floodplain Delineation 15 17 Figure 15 5 Plot of floodplain depths These contours correspond to the water depths in the floodplain area To view the water surface elevation data set 16 Select the data set named W S Elev PF 1 wil from the Data Tree 15 6 Creating a Flood Extent Coverage Flood depth and water level information are stored with the TIN but WMS allows for the creation of feature objects from this data In floodplain delineation it may be useful to create a flood extent coverage This coverage defines the boundary of the flood and may be exported for use in GIS applications To create the flood extent coverage 1 Select Flood Conversion Flood gt Extent Coverage 2 Select W S Elev PF 1 _fd from the Select Flood Depth Data Set li
105. ck close enough to the river so the outlet snaps to the flow accumulation cell on the stream The dam is located in the upper right corner of the DEM Insert outlet here 4 Figure 17 1 New outlet point 3 Select DEM DEM gt Stream Arcs 4 Select OK 5 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool 6 While holding down on the lt SHIFT gt key select the three stream arcs that branch off of the main arc 7 Press Delete 17 4 WMS Tutorials 8 Select OK You have now isolated the main stream arc Your screen should look like Figure 17 2 Figure 17 2 Main stream arc 17 1 3 Creating 1D Hydraulic Coverages The next step is to create arcs representing the stream centerline in a 1D Hydraulic Centerline coverage and to create cross section arcs along this centerline in a 1D Hydraulic Cross Section coverage 1 Switch to the Map module LS 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool 3 Drag a box around the entire stream arc Five nodes should be selected A a New Folder bs Coordinate Conversion 1 New tin OA Map Data gt 1D Hyd C ogic Tree Da ___ologic Mod 8 9 Simplified Dam Break 17 5 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node This will convert all the selected nodes to vertices turning the stream centerline into a single are Select the stream centerline arc Select Feature Objects Reverse Directions In the data tree right click on the Drai
106. cross section location and geometry Background images are also useful in creating and viewing this GIS data 14 2 1 Open Images 1 Switch to the Map module Be 2 Select File Open aw 3 Open jordannarrows jpg and midvale jpg 14 2 2 Define Centerline and Bank Arcs 1 Select File Open a 2 Open river map 3 Zoom in close enough around a section of the feature arcs so that you can see three distinct arcs as shown in Figure 14 1 Figure 14 1 Centerline and bank arcs The middle arc is the centerline arc that defines the thalweg of the river reach and the outer arcs define the right and left banks HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 3 4 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the middle arc 5 Select Feature Objects Attributes and choose Centerline 6 Select OK 7 Enter Jordan River for the River Name 8 Enter Riverton in the Reach Name 9 Select OK 10 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select both outer arcs fm 11 Select Feature Objects Attributes and choose Bank 12 Select OK 14 2 3 Create Materials Materials are defined on an Area Property coverage by digitizing polygons representing different materials using a background image such as an aerial photograph or by using land use data from a shapefile or another source Each different material that is defined will be used later to assign roughness values to the cross sections In this tutorial we will read in a
107. csesseeeceeeecsesaeeecseaaeeseseeeeesea 19 6 CREATING THE PIPE NETWORK cerrito tese ae e e TA EEE E E E TEE E 19 8 SAVING THE SIMULATION AND RUNNING STORM DRAIN cccecessesseceeececsesensececeeeeeesenssaeceeeeeeeeees 19 13 HSPE INTERFACE sicocsecctusesscesetesscsecoscensvessnteliscdesntvsecededuncsdgestecnesebuastecedsecasvedysosleebtecssessutesssatessaees 20 1 OPENING THE WATERSHED AND INITIALIZING THE HSPF MODEL 0cccccceceesssseceeececeessnseceeeeeees 20 1 IMPORTING LAND USE AND SEGMENTING THE WATERSHED cscccceessssseececececeessaeseeececsenssseeeeeeees 20 3 AGGREGATING SEGMENTS Son nieri iiie n a E AA EEE EEEE EE A E E E aii 20 5 DEFINING LAND SEGMENT PARAMETERG sscccssssecesssececesseececeescecesseeecsesaeeeceeseeeseueeecsesaeeseneeeeenses 20 6 DEFINING REACH SEGMENT PARAMETERS cccssssssesssseeceesececesseececseeeecsesaececseseeeeeseeecsesaeeeeseeaeens 20 10 CREATING MASS LINKS pe ate bh hci hee SR en Ae ROU e ea SEE ERE 20 12 SAVING AND RUNNING HSPF SIMULATION cccsssscecesssececssececeeseeeecseaeecesseeeecsesueeeceeeeeeesseeeessaaes 20 13 CE QUATEW2Z INEREFA CR sisscisicisccesecenstastsdsuasvesesseesscoasestosessessescasenss sossboseusssdesaseaeessonssve soseeasenssoes 21 1 OBJECTIVES o iiss Sector a oon te Rocio ssi es Bale e ee adh was ach Recent asec ce ee 21 1 IMPORTING DATA AND COORDINATE CONVERSION ssscccsssseeecsesceceeseeeecsesaeeecseeeeeeesaeeecsssaeeseseeeeenees 21 2 DETERMINING RESERVOI
108. d a spillway for control structures The incoming hydrograph to this outlet point will be routed through the detention facility before being routed downstream and combined with the hydrographs of other basins l N Select the bottom most outlet point Select the Define Hydrographs button Choose the Route by summing method Choose the Universal hydrograph method Select Done Select Done Double click on the hydrograph box for the bottom most outlet 11 4 Conclusions In this tutorial you have learned some of the options available for using the rational method in WMS You will want to continue experimenting with the different options so that you can become familiar with all the capabilities in WMS for doing Rational Method simulations CHAPTER 12 National Flood Frequency Program NFF Interface The National Flood Frequency program developed by the USGS provides a quick and easy way of estimating peak flows for ungaged watersheds This data can be used in the design of culverts flood control structures and flood plain management It utilizes regression equations that have been developed for each state Most regression equations are functions of parameters such as area slope and runoff distance that are automatically computed by WMS when delineating a watershed In this tutorial you will compute peak flows for a watershed in Florida An important part of runoff prediction in this region is the percent coverage of water
109. d files 4 Learn how to register scanned images 2 2 WMS Tutorials By 6 2 2 Geotiff Files Learn what a WMS image file is and how to save one Learn how to use aerial photographs Geotiff images are files that store georeferencing information This means that you do not have to specify coordinates when you read in the image it is done for you automatically Geotiff images are available in different resolutions In this part of the tutorial you will open three different resolutions for a topographic map of the same area In the first part you will actually see how you can tile multiple images together 2 2 1 USGS 1 24000 Quadrangle Maps l 2 3 MLA Images 4 Mit trailmountain tif 10 11 12 13 14 N Switch to the Map module Select Images Import Open trailmountain tif This is a 1 24000 resolution TIF image Right click on the trailmountain tif icon in the Data Tree window and choose the Crop Collar command Choose the Zoom tool al Single click on the image to zoom in Keep zooming in until the display of the image is clear ux Select the Frame Image macro ae Select Images Import Open marysvalecanyon tif This is an adjacent 1 24000 map image Right click on the marysvalecanyon tif icon in the Data Tree window and choose the Crop Collar command Select Images Import Open josephspeak tif This is an adjacent 1 24000 map image Right click on
110. d in multiple DEMs in the standard USGS format from the WebGIS site the SDTS format 4 8 WMS Tutorials or Arc Info ASCII grid format but you cannot mix and match formats in WMS you could export any DEM in the Arc Info ASCII grid format in order to get them all to a common format though You cannot tile multiple DEMs from the NED site this shouldn t be a problem though since the data from this site is seamless in the first place 4 4 Trimming DEMs WMS allows you to select the portion of the DEM you need and eliminate all of the surrounding elevation points This can be done with an existing polygon you select or you can enter the polygon interactively 4 4 1 Trimming DEMs 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module se 2 Select DEM Trim Polygon 3 Choose the Enter polygon interactively option 4 Select OK 5 Click each of the four vertices of the polygon shown in Figure 4 4 double clicking on the last to close the polygon Figure 4 4 DEM Trim Area DEM Basics 4 9 4 5 Displaying DEMs 4 5 1 Contour Options WMS has several options for displaying DEMs First you can change the contour display options by following these steps 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 Select the DEM tab and choose the Contours button Make sure you are on the DEM tab not the TIN tab 3 Under Contour Interval change the number of contours in the edit box to 10 4 Select OK twice You can see
111. d it should look similar to other dem files you have read in 4 2 2 GeoCommunity GIS Data Depot The GeoCommunity GIS Data Depot website provides the new style SDTS DEMs If you want to learn more about the SDTS style of DEMs the GIS Data Depot has an article you can read at http data zeocomm com sdts Aug 8 2002 You will be asked to create a GeoCommunity account in order to download data from this website l 2 11 Go to www gisdatadepot com From the list of topics on the left column click on USGS DEMs or scroll down until you see the heading USGS DEMs on the main page Scroll down to DOWNLOAD DEM DATA HERE and click on the link Scroll down and select Utah Select Sevier County Select Digital Elevation Models DEM 24K Scroll down to Trail Mountain UT 38112e4 and click on the green download button Log in or create a GeoCommunity account Select the 1666653 DEM SDTS TAR GZ 30 meter link Save the file on your computer If you are unsuccessful doing this you will find the downloaded file included and unzipped with the WMS tutorial data It has been unzipped into the trailmtnsdtsdem directory Use an unzipping utility such as Winzip to unzip the downloaded file If you wish you can try to open up this DEM in WMS l 2 Select File New te Switch to the Terrain Data module 4 4 WMS Tutorials 5 Select File Open a Open any one of the ddf files you just unzipped
112. d the Map Data folder in the Data Tree by clicking its icon 6 Hide the coverage named Drainage by un checking its visibility box in the Data Tree yk 7 Select the Frame macro al 8 Activate the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage by single clicking on its name in the Data Tree window Stochastic Modeling Using HEC 1 and HEC RAS 16 3 Select River Tools Map gt 1D Schematic This step initializes the HEC RAS river scheme in preparation for reading in the HEC RAS solution Switch to the River module F Select HEC RAS Read Solution Open hecrunl prj When we read in a HEC RAS project file in which the water surface profiles have been calculated a scatter point is placed at the thalweg location of each cross section Each scatter point contains the value of the water surface elevation at that point in the river reach To create additional scatter points for interpolation purposes we need to interpolate more scatter points along both the center line and cross section arcs 20 21 Switch to the Map module Make sure the D Hyd Centerline coverage is active in the Data Tree Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations Set the Create a data point field to At a specified spacing Enter 60 for the Data point spacing Select OK Activate the 1D Hyd Cross Section coverage from the Data Tree Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations Select OK This same data point s
113. e Map module aa 2 Select File Open 3 Open lusejpg This file is an image of land use regions for an area You can either digitize the polygons as demonstrated in the basic feature objects tutorial or read in a prepared file that has this already done for you To open the map file 4 Open use map Land Use Table Now you need to create a land use table with ID s and CN s for each type of land use on your map To create the table complete the following steps 9 12 WMS Tutorials 1 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool H 2 Double click on the area labeled You can see from the WMS landuse ID section of the dialog box that the three land use ID s have already been added 1 Make sure the Display SCS CN s check box is selected 2 Inthe Land use properties box select the Land name line 3 Inthe Land Name edit box type Residential 4 Inthe Land use properties box select the SCS Soil Type A CN line 5 Inthe Type A CN Value edit box type 61 6 Repeat for Type B C and D using values of 75 83 and 87 7 Inthe WMS landuse ID box select Land ID 13 8 Enter the appropriate land names and Type CN s from the table below 9 Repeat this procedure for the other landuse ID s 10 Choose Close to exit the dialog you don t want to choose apply or the last ID you are editing 22 will be applied to the polygon you selected to open this dialog in the first place 11 Table 9 1 Land
114. e it using the new basin delineation 3 Select OK 4 Select OK Figure 8 5 shows the corrected basin delineation Figure 8 5 Final basin delineation 8 4 Editing Flow Directions Flow directions can be inaccurate due to imprecision in the DEM The flow direction in each DEM cell can be manually edited in order to improve accuracy in basin delineation 8 4 1 Open DEM 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save your changes 3 Select File Open a Editing DEMs 8 7 4 Open trailmount dem 5 Select OK 8 4 2 Open Image 1 Select File Open 2 Open trailmountain TIF 3 Zoom in to the area in the rectangle of the DEM as shown in Figure 8 6 Figure 8 6 Zoom in to rectangle 8 4 3 Run TOPAZ 1 Switch to the Drainage module 2 Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 8 8 WMS Tutorials 5 Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so Notice that the flow accumulations show a stream that differs from the stream shown in the background image in Figure 8 7 Figure 8 7 Stream path differences 8 4 4 Edit Flow Directions Correct the flow directions for each of the numbered DEM cells in Figure 8 8 Editing DEMs 8 9 Figure 8 8 Edit flow directions for the numbered DEM cells 1 Use the Select DEM points tool and double click on a numbered cell This will bring up the DE
115. e name of the new curve to Discharge 13 In the first seven entry fields enter the following values 0 0 0 0 640 640 7000 cubic feet per second of flow There is no outflow until the water reaches the spillway 14 Set the 8 through 20 fields blank instead of zero as with the volume series HEC 1 Interface 10 21 15 Select OK 16 Select the Define button to the right of the SE option This time rather than creating a new curve you will select the elevation curve previously defined for the storage capacity curve 1 Select the Elevation curve from the Selected Curve drop down list 2 Select OK If you would like you may plot either the elevation discharge or the elevation volume curves by selecting the Plot SQ SE or Plot SV SE buttons This will bring the curve into a plot window that you can export print or control the same way you can a hydrograph or any other plot in a plot window 1 Select OK The last thing you need to input to define reservoir routing is the initial conditions of the reservoir The initial condition can be defined as an elevation a discharge or a volume with the data you just entered HEC 1 can determine the initial condition of the other two based on the one you enter For this example we will set the initial condition to an elevation four feet below the top of the spillway the spillway corresponds to elevation 6822 1 Under the Initial Condition Type select the ELEV option 2 Set the RSVRIC reserv
116. e small and difficult to see There are also three plus signs with the numbers 1 2 and 3 by them much larger and visible You need to place the numbered plus signs over the small x s and enter the appropriate coordinates in order to register the image 1 Use the point selection tool to drag each red over the corresponding X as shown in Figure 2 1 You may wish to place them close and then zoom in on the area for more accuracy Once you zoom in there is a frame tool that you can use to re center the image so that you can zoom in on another registration point Do your best to move each plus mark over the corresponding red x in the image now Register Image 2point registration 3 point registration ne al l l Image name l soils World coordinates Pixel coordinates Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 x 51 00000000 x 51 00000000 X 460 00000000 x st x E x a60 sA 430 00000000 y 48 00000000 yi 48 00000000 X 430 Y E Yi E Convert Point Convert Point Convert Point J Edit pixel coordinates Help Import World File Lx Cancel Figure 2 1 Moving Marks in Registration Dialog 2 6 WMS Tutorials 2 4 1 Conversion Calculator We want to register images using the UTM x and y coordinates of each point but we only know the latitude and longitude of the registration points You can use the Convert Point dialog to access the single point coordinate conversion dia
117. e to select the point to the right of the outlet at the far right and not the point that is the outlet 19 4 WMS Tutorials Figure 19 2 Nodes that need to be converted to vertices 7 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node 19 2 2 Initializing Storm Drain Simulation In order to assign the remaining stream arcs to be gutters and the outlet points as storm drain inlets we must initialize a storm drain analysis 1 Select Storm Drain from the drop down list of models in the Edit window 2 Select Storm Drain New Simulation 19 2 3 Assigning Stream Arcs as Gutters 1 Select the Select Arc tool K 2 While holding down the lt SHIFT gt key select all four stream arcs as indicated in Figure 19 3 Figure 19 3 Arcs to be selected Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 19 5 3 Select Feature Objects Attributes 4 Select Gutter for the Feature Arc Type 5 Choose the Atts button to define the properties of the gutters 6 Set the type to Uniform Gutter should be the default and set the Manning s N to 0 015 the Roadway Cross slope to 0 02 and the width to 2 0 7 Select OK 8 Select OK 19 2 4 Assigning Outlets as Storm Drain Inlets For this analysis two of the outlets will be defined in areas of depression sump conditions while the other two will have bypass flow on grade conditions 1 Select the Select Feature Point Node tool A 2 While holding down the lt SHIFT gt key select the outlet point of the
118. e will refer you to that information and let you take a self guided tour in order to get familiar with GUI Quick Tour If you haven t yet taken the quick tour do so now If you have then you can skip on to the next section 1 Start WMS 2 Select Help WMS Help 3 Follow the links through the Quick Tour to completion 4 Close the Help file when you are finished Self Guided Tour The WMS Help file contains some basic information for some of the important elements of the GUI In this section you should review these help pages and then practice on your own so that you understand how the interface works 1 Start WMS if you are not continuing from the previous section 7 8 Introduction 1 3 Select Help WMS Help Select the link near the bottom of the opening page that says Getting around the WMS Interface Review these sections and then close the help file Select File Open Open the file named trailmt dem Select File Open Open the file named trailmt tif As a minimum be sure that you are comfortable with the following operations within the WMS interface if you have questions refer back to the Getting around the WMS Interface page within the WMS Help File Switching Modules Switching tools Zooming panning framing the image and rotating in 3D When you are finished use the plan view macro to make sure you are back in plan view before trying other things Using the display options contour
119. each 13 14 WMS Tutorials Upper Main Reach Measure distance from here To here West Tributary Reach Figure 13 10 Measuring Junction Lengths 7 8 10 11 Revert back to the HEC RAS Junction Data dialog Enter the measured length in the Junction Length field corresponding to the To West Tributary West Tributary line Repeat this step to measure and enter the Junction Length between the most downstream cross section arc on the Upper Main reach and the most upstream cross section arc on the Lower Main reach Once you have finished entering both lengths select OK Select File Exit Geometry Data Editor The next step is to define the flow and boundary conditions for our reaches To define this information l 2 3 Select Edit Steady Flow Data For Profile 1 PF 1 enter 4000 for Upper Main enter 5000 for Lower Main enter 1000 for West Tributary Click on the Reach Boundary Conditions button For our analysis we are going to have HEC RAS compute normal depths at the boundaries of our model To do this HEC RAS Analysis 13 15 1 For each of the blank boxes in the spreadsheet select the box and click on the Normal Depth button Enter the following values for the slopes of each reach 0 003 for the upper reach 0 001 for the lower reach and 0 005 for the tributary 2 Select OK 3 Click the Apply Data button 4 Select File Exit Flow Data Editor We are now ready to run the
120. ecified spacing 9 Enter 100 for the Data point spacing 10 Select OK 11 Make the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage active in the Data Tree 12 Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations 13 Select OK HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 15 14 7 2 Delineating the floodplain 9 10 11 Switch to the Terrain Data module Select Flood Delineate Enter 500 for Max search radius Enter 2 for Number of stages in a quadrant Select OK Expand the New tin folder in the Data Tree Expand the W S Elev PF 1 FLOOD solution folder in the Data Tree Select Display Contour Options For Contour Interval select the Number of contours option and enter 25 For Contour Method select Color fill between contours and adjust the Transparency Select OK Two data sets were created by delineating the floodplain W S Elev PF 1_fd contains flood depth values and W S Elev PF J wl contains water surface elevations 12 Select one of the flood delineation data sets and experiment with viewing the results You may also want to experiment with adjusting the transparency and turn the background image on as shown in Figure 14 8 14 16 WMS Tutorials Figure 14 8 Flood depth map One important thing to remember is that the HEC RAS results came from merged cross sections but the floodplain is delineated on the original TIN that does not include the surveyed channel cross section data The water surface elevations of
121. ect System International Metric System 5 Select OK 6 Select Yes to set the project units to SI metric 7 Select Edit Geometric Data 8 Select OK on the Schematic Plot Extents error message 9 Select View Set Schematic Plot Extents 10 Click the Set to Computed Extents button 11 Select OK to view the geometric data It should look similar to the data shown in Figure 14 7 Geometric Data WMS Project Geometry TB File Edit view Tables Tools Help N BAG Saly each Area ion w 423500 00 4489076 00 HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 13 Figure 14 7 Geometric data imported from WMS 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Select File Exit Geometry Data Editor on the Geometric Data window Select Edit Steady Flow Data Enter 80 m s for PF 1 profile flow rate Click the Reach Boundary Conditions button Click the Normal Depth button to enter the Downstream boundary condition Enter 0 003 for the downstream slope Select OK Highlight the Upstream boundary condition and click on the Normal Depth button Enter 0 0015 for the upstream slope Select OK Select OK Click the Apply Data button Select File Exit Flow Data Editor on the Steady Flow Data window Select Run Steady Flow Analysis Change the Flow Regime to Mixed Click on the Compute button Click the Close button Select File
122. ecurrence interval as shown in Figure 11 2 Rational Method Interface 11 5 Rational Method IDF Computation x IDF Curve Computation Hydro 35 Data Eastern US C NOAA Atlas Data Western US User Supplied Data PREFRE Data Maricopa Co Define Data Intensity Intensity 4 310 in hr Time of concentration gt lt min Specified tc te 22 0 C Compute te Length 2352 66 Mannings n o o00 Slope 0 04268 Help 5 min 10 min 15 min 30 min 60 min 5 640 4590 3 880 2675 1 720 6 504 5 370 4561 3 280 2160 0 7 162 5 067 3 712 2 470 25y 8 155 6822 5820 4338 2912 5O y 8 940 7 507 6411 4 827 3 257 x TAM we ATIN nnn Tan caia acannon IDF equation i 60 4093 Tc 12 4355 0 746003 Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Intensity i O NUAR AANA ao rs oo 2S nao s MD z253 ao xs mo Curation t Export IDF table Figure 11 2 IDF Computation Dialog with the 10 yr Recurrence Interval Selected The rainfall intensity is determined from the selected interval by using the previously defined value for time of concentration 1 Compute i by selecting the Intensity button 2 Select the Done button Computation dialog will be placed in the edit field for this basin The value of i computed using the ZDF 3 Note also that the input for this basin is complete and a value for runoff Q has been computed A summary of the rational equatio
123. ed for this equation are defined and so the time of concentration is reported in the text window at the top of the dialog 9 10 WMS Tutorials 3 Select OK to close the Basin Time Computation dialog You should notice that the time of concentration is very nearly the same as before 57 hours At this point you might be wondering why you would ever want to create a time computation coverage and go through the effort of defining travel time arcs and assign equations to each if the same value can be determined using the parameters already computed from a TIN or DEM 1 Select the Compute TC Basin Data button again 2 Select the Kirpich method for overland flow on bare earth equation 3 Select OK You should now set the time of concentration back to the one originally computed by the flow arc method To do this 1 Select the Compute Tc Map Data button 2 Select Done The lesson here is the equations using Basin Data work great if you are confident the equation represents the same kind of land surface you are dealing with If not you are likely better off to define equations along separate flow path segments using the Map Data Of course in either case you can customize the equations to suit your own needs 1 Select the lower basin from the graphics window 2 Enter a Rainfall value of 1 5 3 Change the Rainfall distribution to Type I 4 Select the Compute Tc Map Data button This time you will notice that there are more tha
124. ed to define input parameters is demonstrated for a basic hydrology simulation that includes doing the following Delineating watershed segment boundaries from a digital terrain model and USGS land use file Defining segment parameters for a hydrologic analysis Developing reach segment parameters Defining precipitation time series data from standard wdm database files Entering mass links to define transformations from basin to reach 20 1 Opening the Watershed and Initializing the HSPF Model You will open a watershed that has been delineated from a USGS 7 5 DEM and converted to a TIN l Select File Open 2 Locate and choose the file named ittlecotton wpr This file should be in the tutorial CH18 directory 20 2 WMS Tutorials 3 Select OK The watershed will appear on your screen with the area displayed in the center of the basin This indicates that the Basin Data has been computed and you are ready to set up the HSPF model To initialize the model 1 2 3 4 Switch to the Hydrologic Tree module Y Choose HSPF from the Model drop down list at the Menu bar Select HSPF New Simulation Select HSPF Global Options You will now enter the parameters to indicate that the model will simulate about 3 years of time with a time step of 1 day You will also name the model choose the units to use specify output levels and name the input output files l 10 Enter Little Cottonwood
125. ee eH nc eee ee 13 12 136 POST PROCESSING s cic 62c5ieaesaec e sa cae Cee Bean ba a Ook 0 Cas LOO NG bbe ac AN eee 13 15 14 HEC RAS MANAGING CROSS SECTIONS u scccssssscscssscccssssccccssssccecsscecsessscccesssscceessseeeees 14 1 14 1 OBIECTEVES iosesos cs sates EEE E EEEL E RERE seeds toate sie tne EEE EEE AE EE T i Be RG 14 1 14 2 CREATING A CONCEPTUAL RIVER MODEL w cccessssssceeececeesssaececececsessauececececeensaeceeeescseseasaeeeeeeeenes 14 2 14 3 CONVERTING A7DEM TOA TIN onneen n EE a E A se EE E E E E 14 4 14 4 EXTRACTING CROSS SECTIONS ccccccccccesssssscecececsesssececececeessaeceeececseseaaeceeececsessaaeceeececseseaeaeeeeeeeenes 14 5 14 5 MERGING CROSS SECTION Senesi a e A E von ees eeu e eats Saw E Cues oa Tae eves eae 14 5 14 6 RUNNING HEG RAS 3 2c d ssi sec eck a A ducvedbecusvadeecusbbacteieecescue tebe 14 11 14 7 FLOODPLAIN DELINEATION lt i casosdse check ccocue viec dadsacescuesedseceesesuesunevaceced ecresventcdecoudedee cuwatcsecedveswe caceae s 14 14 15 FLOODPLAIN DELINEATION cccccccssssssscscssssssscnsccccssssssseeccscsssssscerscesssesssscenecesessssescececessees 15 1 15 1 OBIECTIVE S manu n a aa a oa dea sye is dawes Secs on eau aa a osteo hates Be 15 1 15 2 FLOODPLAIN DELINEATION OPTIONS scccccccccecsessssececececsessaececececsessaaeceeececsensaaecececeesensaaeaesececeenes 15 2 15 3 CREATING A SCATTER POINT FILE cccccccccccsssessscececececsessececececeesenseaeceeeeseses
126. efiles 1 Choose the Select Shapes tool k 2 Draw a box around all the shapes to select them all 3 Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects This is the GIS to Feature Objects Wizard It is used to map shapefile data to feature objects in WMS 1 Choose Next The spreadsheet that is presented next shows each shapefile attribute in bold letters In this file you should see DRAINTYPE LENGTH SLOPE etc in bold letters Underneath each attribute is a dropdown box containing the WMS attributes you can choose to map the shapefile attributes to 1 Select Drainage Arc type from the dropdown box below DRAINTYPE 2 Select Stream length from the dropdown box below LENGTH 3 Select Stream slope from the dropdown box below SLOPE 4 Select Not mapped from the dropdown box below DMANNINGS This attribute cannot be mapped because there is not a corresponding WMS attribute available to map it to 1 Select Stream basin id from the dropdown box below BASINID You can scroll through the mapping spreadsheet to see the value that is assigned to each attribute for each shape 3 8 WMS Tutorials 3 3 2 1 Choose Next 2 Choose Finish You have now imported a shapefile containing streams and basins converted all the shapes to WMS feature objects and mapped data from the original shapefile to WMS attributes With ArcView If you have ArcView or ArcGIS installed on your computer you can choose to import shapefiles using ArcObjects capabil
127. el Select File Save As For Save as type choose the DWG files dwg filter Select Save CHAPTER 6 Advanced Feature Objects In the previous workshop you learned how feature points lines and polygons are created and organized into coverages In this workshop you will continue to learn about the creation and editing of feature objects with a focus on creating drainage coverages the primary coverage used by WMS to develop watershed models 6 1 Objectives In this workshop you will learn the basics for creating and importing feature objects and managing different coverages This includes the following 1 Using feature object drainage coverages for watershed delineation 2 Advanced feature object editing functions 3 Assigning appropriate feature object attributes 4 Importing and editing feature objects from DXF data This tutorial demonstrates how feature objects alone can be used to define hydrologic models Feature objects may be digitized on screen using a registered image or imported as a shape file from an Arc Info or ArcView layer Using the drainage coverage type features can be converted to streams outlets and basins to represent the watershed being modeled 6 2 WMS Tutorials 6 2 Creating a Watershed from Scratch with Feature Objects 6 2 1 By using a combination of stream arcs outlet nodes and basin polygons you can develop an entire watershed even without the use of a digital terrain model The waters
128. enter hydraulic structures and compute the values but in this tutorial you will enter the values directly You will use the same elevation values for both curves this is common but not a requirement in HEC 1 For this example we want to have no outflow until the elevation in the reservoir reaches the spillway Since HEC 1 linear interpolates between consecutive points on the elevation discharge and elevation volume curves we will trick it by entering two points on the curves at essentially the same elevation HEC 1 Interface 10 19 6821 99 and 6822 with the first having no outflow and the second having the discharge over the spillway 640 cfs as defined for this dam l 7 8 Double click on the reservoir outlet point it is now represented as a triangle since you have defined a reservoir at this location Select the Reservoir Data button Change the Reservoir name to Tereek Set the Type of storage routing to Reservoir Select the Define button to the right of the reservoir option On the right side of this dialog you will define the Volume or storage capacity data Choose the Known Volume option Toggle on the check boxes for SV Volumes and SE Elevations Select the Define button to the right of the SV option You will define separate XY series for Volumes Elevations and Discharges using the WMS XY Series editor l 2 3 Select New Change the name of the new curve to Volume In the first seven ed
129. eo nta 17 For Merge select Jnsert All 18 Click Apply to insert the channel cross section and permanently change the extracted cross section data 19 Select OK and notice the updated extracted cross section geometry 20 Select OK 21 Select OK Roughness xsec HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 11 22 Repeat this process steps 1 21 for all of the cross section arcs 14 6 Running HEC RAS A schematic will be created using the GIS data defined in WMS and exported to HEC RAS Post processing options are also available in WMS after running a HEC RAS simulation 14 6 1 Creating a schematic and defining roughness values Materials l 2 Make the D Hyd Centerline the active coverage in the Data Tree Select River Tools Map gt 1D Schematic Switch to the River module F Select HEC RAS Material Properties Enter roughness values for Agriculture Brushland Bare River and Urban as shown in Figure 14 6 W Hecras Material Prop fx Materials Material Roughness Agriculture 0 04 Brushland 0 1 Figure 14 6 Materials roughness values Select HEC RAS Model Control Select Materials to use them to generate roughness values Select OK 14 12 WMS Tutorials 14 6 2 Running HEC RAS Select HEC RAS Export GIS File 1 2 Enter hecras geo and Save This will start HEC RAS with the geometry file exported from WMS already loaded 3 Select Options Unit system US Customary S 4 Sel
130. er will process the DEM data faster The resolution of points in the 30 meter DEMs is too dense for the purposes of this tutorial so you will not lose any accuracy by thinning 1 Select OK 7 2 1 Trimming the DEM 1 Select DEM Trim Polygon 2 Select the Enter Polygon Interactively option 3 Select OK 4 Trace around the area formed by the polygon shown in Figure 7 1 DEM Delineation 7 3 i Kae ihe Me a fe ee ENA Figure 7 1 DEM Trim Area 5 Select DEM Fill to linearly interpolate and fill gaps that were created by thinning the DEM data 6 Select OK 7 3 Computing Flow Data and Accumulations 1 Switch to the Drainage module 8 2 Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 5 Once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so choose Close to close the TOPAZ window You should now see a network of streams on top of your DEM TOPAZ computes flow directions for individual DEM cells and creates streams based on these directions To learn more about this process consult the WMS Help File You can change the flow accumulation threshold so that smaller or larger streams show up M xj 1 Choose the Frame macro 2 7 4 WMS Tutorials 2 Select Display Display Options g 3 Select the DEM tab 4 Change the Min Accumulation For Display to 0 2 and select OK You should now see a more detailed network of streams 1 Select Display Displa
131. erating new TINs or DEMs or to perform basin delineation and drainage analysis WMS has powerful tools for importing and manipulating this type of terrain data Objectives The following topics will be covered in this tutorial 1 Importing survey data 2 Digitizing data 3 Triangulation 4 Automated TIN editing 5 Manual TIN editing 6 Creating a TIN using a conceptual model 5 2 WMS Tutorials 7 8 Converting a TIN to a DEM Exporting data to CAD 5 2 Importing Survey Data l 10 11 12 13 Switch to the Terrain Data module 4l Select File Open Open trailmountain tif Select File Open S Open surveytm txt Leave the default settings This is a tab delimited file exported from Excel Select Next For WMS data type choose Survey Data In the File preview spreadsheet map the first second and third column types to X Y and Z respectively Select Finish Select Display Display Options g Toggle Unlocked Vertices on Select OK Zoom in around the vertices 5 3 Digitizing Data 1 2 3 Select TIN TIN Options Choose Digitizing mode Select OK Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 3 4 Select the Add Vertices tool from the TIN toolbar l make sure you do not select the Create Feature Point tool from the Feature Objects toolbar it looks the same as the Add Vertices tool 5 Enter a Z value of 6800 ft in the edit window at the top of t
132. es for C and t Middle a 0 Lower Aa A E Te When you are finished entering the parameters choose Done on the Rational Method dialog 11 4 WMS Tutorials A runoff coefficient coverage could be used to automatically map C values and basin data or a time computation coverage could be employed to determine Tc values but they can also be computed estimated separately and entered as demonstrated here 11 2 2 Defining the Rainfall Intensity i As part of the WMS interface to the Rational Method you can compute IDF curves using either HYDRO 35 NOAA or user defined data For this tutorial we will use HYDRO 35 data and a recurrence interval of 10 years 1 Double click the icon for the Upper catchment 2 Select the DF Curves button from the Basin section of the Rational Method dialog 3 Make sure the HYDRO 35 Data Eastern US radio group button is selected and select the Define Data button 4 Enter the ba values to define IDF curves using HYDRO 35 Depth in 2 yr 15 min oroo 2 yr 60 min 100 yr 5 min 100 yr 15 min 100 yr 60 min 1 Select the OK button after correctly entering the rainfall values The IDF curves for the 2 5 10 25 50 and 100 year recurrence intervals will be drawn and values listed for selected times given in the windows on the right of the IDF Computation dialog 1 From the text window in the upper right hand part of the dialog click on the line of data for the 10 yr r
133. esaeesenaeesesea 9 11 9 7 MORE PRe5 50nd costes caieiec th dR Aces Ra alte Se Ree ee RA ee ee A eS 9 14 9 8 CONCLUSIONS s aien n ea iE E e a E o EE EE EE iair E T 9 15 10 EA eca IN PEREACE E E A E E AE E E E 10 1 FOT COBJEGTIVES yata a a O tte eos Ries A ens 10 1 10 27 DELINEATING THE WATERSHED 020 2ccs ccceecceuieceascccdcessedeeseieecesesscedvesebeecevccicedeaceadussteetseteiieasecticevseties 10 2 10 3 SINGLE BASIN ANALYSIS noenten ee e a E ae e aa aeaa aaan ae pinaes 10 7 10 4 COMPUTING THE CN USING LAND USE AND SOILS DATA cccesecesssececeeeeeeecsnececessaececsesaeeeenneeeenses 10 11 10 5 ADDING SUB BASINS AND ROUTING cccssscceessececessseeecsecceceeaeeecsesaececsesaeescaeeesessaeeecsesaeesseeeeeeeses 10 12 10 6 MODELING A RESERVOIR IN HEC l n n e aei o E E E E E E E EO ERE 10 18 10 7 REVIEWING OUTPUT seicnreciin cienie ien e a E i i i e E a 10 22 TOSS825 EIST BOSI OIN PIE eee REE O E E E E A ia at toss AS 10 22 11 RATIONAL METHOD INTERFACE sccsssssssssssssssssccssssssssccssessssscsssessssscssssssssassnsssssssssesssssees 11 1 11 1 READINGIN TERRAIN DATA isiccs se ccdslsccecssediecesscced eden cesdedecccdesses E E a E aiii a ie 11 1 11 2 RUNNING A RATIONAL METHOD SIMULATION cccsscceceeseeeeessececsesaececseeeecseaeeecsesaeeecseeeeessseeeesenaes 11 2 t13 ADDINGA DETENTION BASIN neiise nere eaa EE SE rE E E EE E REEE E 11 10 MA CONO USON S a ee I ec a 11 11 Table of Contents vii 12 NATIONAL FLOOD FREQ
134. ete All Select HEC 1 Job Control Set the Number of hydrograph ordinates to be 400 Select OK Select HEC 1 Run Simulation Select OK you can let it overwrite the other files Select Close once HEC 1 finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so Double click on the hydrograph icon You now have a completed HEC 1 simulation for a single basin and the resulting hydrograph should look something like the solution shown in Figure 10 2 HEC 1 Interface 10 11 Flow vs Time PEAK 488 18 TIME OF PEAK 890min VOLUME 12598963 35 500 4 v Index 1 CCTrib 450 400 350 300 Flow cfs 150 4 100 4 N N jo a oO oO TTTTTTTTTTTTTTITrT TT rT TTT TT 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 Time Figure 10 2 Solution hydrograph for HEC 1 simulation 1 Close the hydrograph window by selecting the X in the upper right of the window 10 4 Computing the CN Using Land Use and Soils Data In the initial simulation you just estimated a CN but with access to the internet it is simple to compute a composite CN based on digital land use and soils files This was demonstrated in more detail in the Advanced Feature Objects tutorial but you will go through the steps here as a review 10 4 1 Computing a Composite CN In addition to the digital land use and soils file that overlap the watershed you must have a table defined that identifies CN values for each
135. f 5 and select the Auto Link button until the four node pairs are linked 4 Select OK 19 4 5 Assigning Elevations and Mapping Hydrographs We also need to assign elevations to all the nodes in the Storm Drain and Drainage coverages Elevations can either be defined manually or with the use of a background TIN or DEM In this exercise we will manually define them 19 12 WMS Tutorials 1 Toggle the display of the Drainage coverage off in the Data Tree 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 3 Set the elevations of the nodes in the Storm Drain coverage according Z 4590 to the values given in Figure 19 9 To set an elevation select the node and change the elevation in the Z edit field in the Edit window at the top of the WMS interface 4598 4596 Figure 19 9 Node elevations for the storm drain pipes 0 Map Data 4 Toggle the Drainage coverage on and the Storm Drain coverage off in ELS Coverages the Data Tree 4 Drainage Stom Drain 5 Select the Drainage coverage in the Data Tree so that it is the active coverage 6 Set the elevations of all the nodes connected to the gutter arcs according to Figure 19 10 0 Map Data Figure 19 10 Node elevations for the gutters 4S Coverages Drainage 7 Toggle the Storm Drain coverage on in the Data Tree and select it so Shprm Drain that it is the active coverage 8 Select Storm Drain Map Hydrographs Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 19 13 With Draina
136. flow Hydrograph button to view a plot of the input and routed hydrographs Select OK Select Display Open Hydrograph Plot to view both the input hydrograph and the routed hydrograph CHAPTER Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN Estimated Time 30 minutes Travel times time of concentration lag time and travel time along a routing reach are critical to performing analysis with any of the hydrologic models In this tutorial you will learn about the two different ways WMS can be used to compute time of concentration for a TR 55 simulation lag times are computed in the same way Runoff distances and slopes for each basin are automatically computed whenever you create watershed models from TINs or DEMS and compute basin data These values can then be used in one of several available equations in WMS to compute lag time or time of concentration If you want to have a little more control and documentation over the lag time or time of concentration you will use a time computation coverage to define critical flow paths Time computation coverages contain flow path arc s for each sub basin An equation to estimate travel time is assigned to each arc and the time of concentration or lag time is the sum of the travel times of all arcs within a basin Lengths are taken from the length of the arc and slopes derived if a TIN or DEM are present In this tutorial you will compute the time of concentration fo
137. g 3 Select the Update All Prefixes button 10 18 WMS Tutorials 4 Select OK 5 Select Close once HEC 1 finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 6 While holding the lt SHIFT gt key down select all of the hydrograph icons double clicking on the last one so that all hydrographs are drawn in the same plot window 7 Close the plot window by selecting the X in the upper right corner 10 6 Modeling a Reservoir in HEC 1 There is an existing small reservoir at the outlet of the upper left basin It has a storage capacity of 1000 ac ft at the spillway level and 1540 ac ft at the dam crest 10 6 1 Defining a Reservoir in Combination with Routing One of the routing methods available in HEC 1 is Storage routing which can be used to define reservoir routing However in this case we are already using Muskingum Cunge routing to move the hydrograph through the reach connecting the upper left basin to the watershed outlet so we must define the outlet as a reservoir so that we can route the hydrograph through the reservoir gn before routing it downstream 1 Select the Select Outlet tool a 2 Select the outlet of the upper left basin 3 Select Tree Add Reservoir 10 6 2 Setting up the Reservoir Routing Parameters In order to define reservoir routing with HEC 1 you must define elevation vs storage storage capacity curve and elevation vs discharge rating curves You can enter values directly or
138. g like Figure 7 10 7 12 WMS Tutorials Figure 7 10 New Basins from Road Stream Arcs Now you will change the node where the new streams enter the original stream to be an outlet Basins will be created for the new stream arcs and the original stream Te Choose the Select Nodes tool A Select the node on the original stream that was created when you made the road stream arcs Select DEM Node lt gt Outlet Select DEM Define Basins Select DEM Basins gt Polygons Select DEM Compute Basin Data Select OK If you want to combine everything into one basin again you can change the outlet back to a node and redefine basins DEM Delineation 7 13 7 7 Displaying DEMs WMS has several options for displaying DEMs 7 7 1 Move Basin Labels You may want to move the basin labels displaying the area slope etc to more convenient locations on the image 1 Choose the Move basin label tool E 2 Click on any area in the basin you just selected and drag the mouse to a location outside the basin before letting go of the mouse button An arrow will be drawn from where you let go of the mouse to where you started it 7 7 2 Changing Text Attributes 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 Choose the Drainage Data tab 3 Select the color box next to Data text color You can change the text attributes such as color font and fill behind color in this dialog box 1 Once you are done Select OK to both dialogs
139. gap in the flow accumulation cells It looks like the stream does not totally connect This is indicative of gaps in our data The DEM Fill command is useful for filling gaps in DEM data We will identify the cause of the delineation error use the DEM Fill command recompute flow accumulations and directions and delineate the correct basin 8 4 WMS Tutorials Figure 8 2 Delineation errors 8 3 1 Basin Delineation Errors 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 Toggle No Data Cells on 3 Select OK 4 There are some No Data cells that interfere with the basin delineation as shown in Figure 8 3 Figure 8 3 No Data cells cause incorrect basin delineation x 5 Select Display Frame Image A Editing DEMs 8 5 6 Switch to the Terrain Data module 7 Select DEM Fill 8 Select OK Notice that values were interpolated for the No Data cells lying in the interior part of the DEM 8 3 2 Run TOPAZ 1 Switch to the Drainage module B 2 Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 5 Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 6 The flow accumulation cells now connect all the way through as shown in Figure 8 4 Figure 8 4 New TOPAZ results after using the DEM Fill command 8 6 WMS Tutorials 8 3 3 Basin Delineation 1 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 2 If prompted select OK to delete all existing feature data and recreat
140. ge and Storm Drain nodes linked together and elevations assigned to our pipes and gutters we are ready to save and run the Storm Drain model 19 5 Saving the Simulation and Running Storm Drain 1 Select File Save As 2 Make sure the Save as type filter is set to WMS Project Files wpr 3 Enter wms_storm_hyd as the File name 4 Select Save 5 Select Storm Drain Save Simulation 6 Save the file as wms_st_h 7 Select Storm Drain Run Simulation 8 Set the input file name to wms_st_h hda and the output file name to wms_sd_h _lst The input and output file name prefixes can be up to 8 characters in length If you enter a name longer than 8 characters it is truncated to 8 characters when Storm Drain writes the file Further no directory in the path to the files can be longer than 8 characters 9 Select OK 10 Once Storm Drain HYDRA has finished running select Close 11 Select File Edit File 12 Open wms_sd_h lst 13 Select OK to open the file with Notepad By browsing through this file you will see all of the parameters calculated by the Storm Drain model such as recommended pipe diameters pipe invert elevations flows velocities and hydraulic grade line computations 14 Close Notepad CHAPTER 20 HSPF Interface This chapter demonstrates how WMS can be used to process digital elevation and land use data to develop an HSPF input uci file The graphical user interface us
141. gs up a dialog allowing you to select or edit its attributes Since you are now using a Soil Type coverage the automatic attribute for a polygon is Soil Type 1 Choose the Add soil ID to list button Basic Feature Objects 3 11 2 Choose this button two more times so that there are four soil types in the list box 3 Select Soil ID 0 from the list 4 In the selected soil properties box click on the Soil Type line 5 From the Soil SCS ID drop down box select Type A 6 Select Soil ID 1 from the list 7 Click on the Soil Type line and select Type B from the drop down box 8 Assign Type C to Soil ID 2 and Type D to Soil ID 3 9 Since the polygon we clicked on originally is Type B select Soil ID 1 from the list and choose the Apply button 10 Double click on the polygon labeled A 11 Select Soil ID 0 from the list and choose Apply 12 Assign Soil ID 2 to all the polygons labeled C and Soil ID 3 to all the polygons labeled D 13 Make sure each polygon has the proper Soil ID assigned by double clicking on each and checking the soil type in the Selected Soil Properties box 3 5 More Feature Objects from Images WMS handles land use images the same as it does soil type images You will now read in a land use image digitize polygons and assign land uses You need the land use image and the resulting land use polygons to be on its own coverage so you will need to create a land use coverage 1 Right click on the Coverages folde
142. hange them it might put a txt no matter what on the world file 2 5 2 Import the Aerial Photograph Image N 1 Switch to the Map module Dial if needed 2 Select Images Import 3 Select Jpeg image file jpg jpeg from the Files of type drop down box 4 Open your downloaded file or if you were unsuccessful then open ClearCreek jpg If you successfully downloaded the world file and it is named ClearCreek jgw note that when saving it may put a txt extension on the file anyway then it will open in WMS and be registered If your world file has some other name or does not end with jgw then you can import it using the following three commands skip these commands if it is already registered in WMS 5 Choose the Import World File button on the Register Image dialog 6 Open your downloaded world file you might have to look for files with a txt extension 7 Select OK on the Register Image dialog You have successfully opened an aerial photograph and registered it in WMS 2 6 Conclusion In this tutorial you were taught how to import several types of images into WMS You learned how to georeference images and how to save the georeferenced images In particular you should know 1 How to use geotiff files 2 What resampling an image means 3 How to use world files Images 2 11 4 How to register scanned images 5 What a WMS image file is and how to save one 6 How to use aerial photographs CHAPTE
143. hannel 8 5 1 Editing Elevations Using Stream Arcs 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module sel 2 Select Display Display Options g 3 Toggle Stream Flow Accumulation Color Fill Drainage Basins and Fill Basin Boundary Only off 4 On the Map tab change the Points Nodes and Vertices Radius to 2 by clicking on their corresponding buttons on the left 5 Select OK 8 12 WMS Tutorials 6 Select OK 7 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the arc shown in Figure 8 11 Figure 8 11 Select stream arc 8 Select DEM Edit Elevations You should see the profile of the DEM elevations underlying the stream arc as shown in Figure 8 12 The elevations are displayed downstream to upstream as you move left to right There is an unnatural depression in the stream that is obvious when looking at the profile of the elevations We could use the Interpolate button to smooth the entire stream to a constant slope but doing this is too much of a generalization It is better to break the arc into multiple arcs each arc being characterized by a similar slope for interpolation Editing DEMs 8 13 Edit DEM Elevations Figure 8 12 Stream arc profile 9 Select Cancel 8 5 2 Convert Arc Vertices to Nodes Converting vertices to nodes will break the original arc into multiple arcs 1 Switch to the Map module Be 2 Use the Select Feature Vertex tool to select the vertices shown in Figure 8 13 8 14 WMS Tutorials Fig
144. he floodplains delineated with search radius values of 000 and 2000 Therefore we can use a value of 7000 since we have found that increasing the radius doesn t change the delineation appreciably Now we will experiment with using different Flow path values 25 Select Flood Delineate 15 4 WMS Tutorials 26 Enter 1000 for the Max search radius 27 Toggle on the Flow path check box 28 Enter 500 for the Max flow distance 29 Rename the solution as fp500 30 Select OK 31 Delineate two additional floodplains by using Max flow path values of 1500 and 3000 and examine their solution sets Once again there is little variation in these last two delineations Therefore we might leave our Flow path value at 1500 As a note when the TIN includes an area of unusually high elevations near the river such as a levee it is a good idea to use the Flow paths option Experiment further with the display options until you get a feel for how they change the floodplain delineation 15 3 Creating a Scatter Point File A scatter file similar to the one you opened in the previous section can be created with any text editor or spreadsheet application The required input for the file are x y coordinates for each data point and a corresponding data set in this case the data set would be water surface elevation values for each coordinate Each coordinate may be associated with more than one data value Figure 1 5 shows the file fo
145. he outlet of basin 3 Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 19 9 9 Now complete the storm drain network by creating the pipe segments from downstream to upstream between basin 3 and basin 2 basin 2 and basin 1 and a connection from the pipe between basin 2 and basin to the outlet of basin 4 Be sure that feature nodes segment endings are created by double clicking to end the arc to correspond with the storm drain inlets of the drainage coverage Your storm drain coverage should look like the one in Figure 19 6 Figure 19 6 View of the Storm Drain coverage 19 4 2 Entering Storm Drain Parameters 1 Select Storm Drain Job Control 2 Set the title to Hydrographic Storm Drain Analysis 3 Set the Criteria Switch to 3 Storm Hydrographic only 4 Set the timestep to 2 5 Set the Units to English 6 Choose the Pipe Data Properties button 7 Set the values according to Figure 19 7 19 10 WMS Tutorials Pipe Data Properties Concrete Smooth 7 Cancel gt Pipe amp Flow Data Maximum pipe diameter M Invert Elevations and Fixed Diameter r Manning s roughness Minimum pipe diameter Minimum depth Minimum depth of cover Minimum velocity for full flow oO k VE Minimum slope ETA i Figure 19 7 Pipe properties 8 Select OK 9 Select OK 19 4 3 Defining the Outfall and Access Hole Locations l I 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A Double c
146. he screen 6 Digitize the 6800 ft contour by using the background image to add vertices 7 Select TIN TIN Options 8 Choose Non digitizing mode 9 Select OK 5 4 Triangulation In order to edit the TIN according to the steps in this tutorial we will delete the existing data and read in a TIN file before we triangulate the data 1 In the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree right click on the surveytm TIN and select Delete 2 Select File Open I 3 Open digitizetm tin 4 Zoom in around the vertices 5 Select TIN Triangle Triangulate 5 5 Automated TIN Editing WMS has automated methods of editing TINs so that they provide a representation of terrain that is useful for drainage analysis These methods include selecting thin boundary triangles transforming data and eliminating flat triangles and pits Thin boundary triangles which result from triangulating the data do not necessarily represent the terrain and are automatically deleted at the end of the triangulation process Data transformations are especially useful for converting elevations between feet and meters Flat triangles need to be eliminated for drainage analysis Inaccurate basin delineation can result from pits because water flows into the pits rather than to the actual outlet 5 4 WMS Tutorials 5 5 1 Transformations Run the cursor over the TIN and notice that the z values in the help strip at the bottom of the WMS window are in
147. hed can be to scale or a schematic Of course if it were not to scale polygon areas and stream lengths would not be valid for your hydrologic model In this section of the tutorial you will create the Aspen Grove watershed from an image of a scanned paper map with clearly marked streams and basin boundaries N 1 Switch to the Map module Eel 2 Select File Open 3 Open aspentrc img You should see a portion of a USGS quad map with basin boundaries outlined in red and the stream network in black Creating Basin Boundaries We will begin by creating the basin boundaries but it does not matter whether the basins or streams are created first 1 Choose the Create Arcs tool Fa 2 Select Feature Objects Attributes 3 Make sure that the arc type is Generic and Select OK 4 Beginning at the outlet point lower right trace out the entire watershed boundary You do not need to follow every detail take as much time as you want End by double clicking near the same point where you began 5 Now create each of the other three sub basin boundary arcs on the interior of the watershed Begin by clicking on a point near the junction in the center of the watershed and ending by double clicking near the intersection of the arc previously created for the exterior boundary 6 2 2 Creating the Stream Network The stream network is created in much the same way the basin boundaries were The only thing to note is that in the upper
148. hese points correspond to access hole locations in the pipe network Be sure to select the nodes that intersect with the basin boundary lines Figure 18 3 Storm Drain node locations 6 7 8 9 Select Feature Objects Attributes Change the Point type to Storm Drain Inlet Click the Properties button Change the Inlet type to Curb opening in sump condition 18 6 WMS Tutorials 10 Enter the dimensions shown in Table 18 1 Table 18 1 Values for the curb parameters Length Width of Depression Height Inlet depression 4 0 14 15 16 17 Select OK twice to exit both dialogs Select Feature Objects Compute Basin Data Click the Current Coordinates button Set the horizontal and vertical units as U S Survey Feet Select OK Set Basin Areas to Acres and Distances to Feet Select OK 18 3 3 Computing Runoff Coefficients Composite runoff coefficients must be computed for each drainage area A weighted average for each drainage area is calculated from data in the Runoff Coefficient coverage To compute the basin runoff coefficients 1 2 3 4 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module Y Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes Set the Computation type as Runoff Coefficients Select OK Composite runoff coefficients for each drainage area are computed and displayed on the screen 18 3 4 Entering Times of Concentration The Time of Concentration for a basin can be c
149. horizontal and vertical units to the appropriate system if the appropriate system is not the default value Click OK Change the horizontal and vertical system units to the desired system for conversion Click OK to exit the dialog 21 3 Determining Reservoir Extent Now that the TIN has been imported the boundary of the reservoir must be defined 9 Select the display options icon Bj Make sure that the TIN Contours box is checked Select the Contours button to the right of the TIN Contours box In the Contour Interval section choose Specified Values In the Contour Values dialog enter 5500 for Contour 1 and 5720 for Contour 2 Exit out of the contour values dialog by pressing OK 10 In the Contour Method section choose Color fill between contours 11 Exit out of both dialogs by pressing OK What is displayed is the extent of the reservoir Contour 1 was chosen as an elevation lower than any elevation in the reservoir Contour 2 is the maximum water surface elevation or the elevation at any desired stage to be modeled By selecting the color fill between contours the areas that fall between Contour 1 and Contour 2 have been displayed Once completed the reservoir should appear as shown in Figure 1 21 4 WMS Tutorials Figure 21 1 Reservoir Extent of East Canyon There are two ways to generate the boundary of the reservoir If you have refined your TIN such that the boundary of the TIN is the same
150. ication Target Target Target Member Name Group Name Factor Name Group Name IMPLND IWATER SURO 0 083333333 RCHRES INFLOW IVOL 1 Click Add Link 2 Change the Segment Type upper left to RCHRES 3 Set the fields to the values below Volume Volume Volume Member Multiplication Target Target Target Member Name Group Name Factor Name Group Name RCHRES HYDR ROVOL 1 00 RCHRES INFLOW IVOL 1 Click Add Link The Mass Links needed for PERLND IMPLND and RCHRES segments are now set up You are ready to save and run the model HSPF Interface 20 13 Click OK to exit the Mass Link Editor 20 7 Saving and Running HSPF Simulation The last step is to save and run the HSPF simulation 1 Select HSPF Run Simulation 15 HSPF should run to completion You will then be able to view the solution CHAPTER 21 CE QUAL W2 Interface CE QUAL W2 is a 2 D laterally averaged hydrodynamic model This workshop will walk you through the CE QUAL W2 WMS interface It uses a previously generated TIN and creates CE QUAL W2 input files The required files are e EastCanyon tin 21 1 Objectives In this workshop you will get acquainted with the CE QUAL W2 interface in WMS This includes the following 7 8 9 Determining reservoir extent Creating branches Creating segments 10 System modeling 21 2 WMS Tutorials 11 Initializing CE QUAL W simulation 12 Branch identification 13 Mapping seg
151. id on the watershed You are now ready to compute HSPF segments based on the land use polygons that fall inside the watershed 1 Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes 2 Choose HSPF Segments from the Computation drop down list 3 In the central section of the dialog ensure that Land use coverage appears next to Use a text and that LC Land Use is the selected Land use coverage name 4 A text file that correlates the land use id to land use attributes name perviousness etc must be read in Click the Import button to browse for this file Make sure the tutorial CH18 directory is selected 5 Choose the file named Jittleclanduse tbl Click Open to read it into WMS 6 Choose OK in the Compute GIS Attributes dialog to compute the HSPF segments 7 Click OK when warned that Continuing will delete all HSPF segment data If you get that warning You should now see the segments computed for the watershed displayed Each colored area represents a segment to be modeled by HSPF To better view the segments you will need to change some display options N 1 Switch to the Map module Bel 2 Click on the plus sign next to Map Coverages folder in the Data Tree If it is minus sign proceed to the next step 3 Click the toggle box next to LC Land Use to make it not visible 4 Select Display Display Options 5 Choose the tab entitled General 6 Toggle ON the Land use legend 7 Click OK You should n
152. in Figure 7 8 7 10 WMS Tutorials pe So piss G Figure 7 8 Road Zoom Area 1 Choose the Create Feature Arc tool r 2 Select Feature Objects Attributes 3 Select the Streams option 4 Select OK 5 Create the arcs as shown in Figure 7 9 Begin the first arc by clicking somewhere on the existing stream arc Then continue the arc along the roadway to the left Begin the second arc at the same beginning point of the first arc and continue along the road to the right Make sure both arcs are created so that the existing drainage outlet is downstream Both stream arcs should empty into the stream above the existing outlet Also to avoid creating basins on the south side of the highway draw each arc on the north side of the flow accumulation lines You are creating the stream arcs along the road to show that the water collected by the road drains into the same area the main watershed drains into DEM Delineation 7 11 lt i it at E shh gt 7 FES E E E A 2 reg p v 4 Daid Figure 7 9 Roadway Collection Stream Arcs You may want to analyze the flow along the road as part of the flow in the original basin 1 Switch to the Drainage module 8 2 Select DEM Define Basins 3 Select DEM Basins gt Polygons 4 Select DEM Compute Basin Data 5 Select OK You can see that the drainage along the road has now been diverted into the original basin Your basins should look somethin
153. ing a Basin These stream feature arcs computed by TOPAZ can now be used to define basins 1 Select DEM Define Basins Now that the basins have been delineated you can convert them to feature polygons and compute the basin data l 2 6 7 Select DEM Basins gt Polygons Select DEM Compute Basin Data Select OK on the Units dialog Select Display Display Options g Select the Drainage Data tab Check the Show Units Basin Areas and Basin Slopes options Select OK Using DEM data you have delineated a watershed and stream network Because the DEM contains elevation data your model can be used to compute data such as slopes stream lengths areas etc Itis not just a schematic of the watershed 7 5 Creating Sub Basins In previous watershed models you have looked at each watershed was divided into several smaller sub basins You will learn how to create these interior sub basins in this part of the tutorial You should always finish delineating the major watershed as shown in parts 7 3 and 7 4 of this tutorial before attempting to create sub basins DEM Delineation 7 7 7 5 1 Adding Drainage Outlets In order to create sub basins you can convert existing nodes and vertices along the stream arcs into drainage outlets 1 Zoom in around the area shown in Figure 7 4 Figure 7 4 Zoom Area 1 Choose the Select Feature Vertex tool Al 2 Select the vertex at the location shown in Figure 7
154. is 13 11 HEC RAS needs Manning s roughness values for the materials found in the cross section database The roughness values are stored as part of the 1D model in the River Hydraulics Module To specify the roughness values for the each of the materials 1 Switch to the River Module M 2 Select HEC RAS Material Properties 3 Enter the roughness values for each material as shown in Figure 13 8 Hecras Material Properties x Materials Figure 13 8 HEC RAS Material Properties Dialog 1 Select OK Now we need to tell HEC RAS which set of line properties in the database should be used as material types To do this 2 Select HEC RAS Model Control 3 Select the line property name that stores the roughness values for the cross section database In this case the line property is named Materials which came from our Area Property coverage Materials 4 Select OK 13 12 WMS Tutorials 13 4 Creating the Geometry Import File Now that the model has been setup we need to create the geometry file To create this file 1 Select HEC RAS Export GIS File 2 Name the file hecras geo 3 Select Save After saving out the GIS file WMS automatically opens the HEC RAS application loads the GIS file and creates a new HEC RAS project named hecras prj 13 5 Using HEC RAS Within HEC RAS we will setup and run the simulation and then export the results for post processing in WMS The setup will include entering junction
155. is assumed constant along a cross section and varies linearly between this does not violate any of the modeling assumptions N 1 Switch to the Map module 2 Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary Toggle off the check box for the Materials coverage M 1D Hyd Cross Sec Model River Tools Me 4 Activate the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage in the Data Tree 5 Ifneeded choose River Tools from the Model drop down list 6 Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations 7 Choose At a specified spacing for the Create a data point option 8 Enter 60 for the Data point spacing 9 Select OK 10 Select the 1D Hyd Cross Section coverage from the Data Tree 11 Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations 12 Select OK to interpolate with the options set as before You should now see that your screen is more densely populated with scatter points Note that along the centerline arcs the scatter points have been interpolated in a linear fashion while along cross section arcs the points that were added have the same data value as the original point 15 5 2 Using a Flood Barrier Coverage WMS allows users to confine a delineation from the given elevation data by creating a flood barrier coverage Arcs representing ridges or levees existing or proposed may be created in the model and these in turn alter the floodplain delineation by restricting interpolation of the floodplain so that va
156. is listed for the time of concentration a cumulative area and a weighted C value as shown in Figure 11 4 11 8 WMS Tutorials Outlet IDF Curves 0 00 Time of Concentration min 22 Compute Travel Times Define Reservoir 0 20 66 35 Routing lag time l Figure 11 4 Outlet Information for a Rational Method Simulation l 2 8 9 Enter a value of 5 minutes for the Routing lag time Select the IDF Curves button Select the line of text for the 0 yr recurrence interval Select Done Select the outlet icon of Small Enter a value of 3 minutes for the Routing lag time Select the IDF Curves button Select the line of text for the 0 yr recurrence interval Select Done 10 Select the next downstream outlet the outlet icon of Middle Note that for this outlet the upstream areas are summed the C values weighted and the longest travel path computed from the upstream basin Tc s and travel times between outlets determined l 2 3 4 Enter a value of 4 minutes for the Routing lag time Select the ZDF Curves button Select the line of text for the 0 yr recurrence interval Select Done The last or bottom most outlet does not need to have a Routing lag time defined since the hydrograph accumulations will occur at this point but you will still need to define the rainfall intensity l Select the bottom most outlet point Rational Method Interface 11 9 2 Select
157. ishing your SMPDBK model setup 17 8 WMS Tutorials 17 2 1 Edit Parameters 1 Choose the River module E Model S9404 2 From the Model drop down box choose SMPDBK 3 Select SMPDBK Edit Parameters 4 Enter in values shown in Figure 17 4 E Properties ltem Value Units Dam name MYDAM River name MYRIVER Dam type Earth dam x Elevation of water when dam breaches 5417 0 ft msl Elevation of breach bottom 5257 27 ft msl Volume of the reservoir 193614 0 ac ft Surface area of the reservoir at dam crest 2965 0 acres Width of rectangular breach 250 0 ft l Time for breach to develop 120 0 minutes Non breach flow includes outlet spillway and overtopping 10000 0 cts Dead storage equivalent Manning s N 0 5 Number of cross sections 8 Distance to primary point of interest 14 0 miles Help Cancel Figure 17 4 Properties Dialog 5 Select OK 6 Select SMPDBK Material Properties 7 Enter in the following values Forest 0 08 Residential 0 07 River 0 05 Shrub Brush 0 06 8 Select OK 9 Select SMPDBK Model Control 10 Choose Materials from the drop down box Simplified Dam Break 17 9 11 Select OK 12 Select SMUPDBK Export SMPDBK File 13 Save the file as smpdbk dat Select OK to continue saving your data if any errors are encountered 17 2 2 Running the Simulation Your model is now finished and you are ready to run the simulation When
158. it fields enter the values 0 200 410 650 1000 1000 1540 acre ft of volume Select the 8 through 20 edit fields and select the lt DELETE gt key so that the values are blank rather than zero You can select them all at once the way you do in a spreadsheet since this dialog behaves like a spreadsheet by clicking in the top and while holding the mouse button down dragging to the last or you can select one at a time 10 20 WMS Tutorials Number Outflow 4 mo 2 2 0 200 0 gi 3 3o 410 0 I 4 40 650 0 IE 5 5 0 1000 0 gt 6 6o 1000 0 ii Pizo 1540 0 J 2 s so o haa 9 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 10 0 u 11 0 Curve Name Volume ik 170 E x Selected Curve Volume E New Delete Help Default Values Import Export Cancel Figure 10 5 The XY Series editor for inputting volumes 1 Select OK 2 Select the Define button to the right of the SE option 3 Select New 4 Change the name of the new curve to Elevation 5 In the first seven entry fields enter the following values 6803 6808 6813 6818 6821 99 6822 6825 feet of elevation 6 Set the 8 through 20 fields blank instead of zero as with the volume series 7 Select OK 8 On the left side of this dialog you will define the Outflow or elevation discharge data Choose the Known Outflow option 9 Toggle on the check boxes for SO Discharges and SE Elevations 10 Select the Define button to the right of the SQ option 11 Select New 12 Change th
159. ities If you do not have ArcView then skip to the next section 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save your changes 3 Select Data Enable Arc Objects If the computer you are working on does not have ArcInfo installed the Data menu will not change If ArcInfo is installed the previously dimmed menu items should become undimmed 1 Select Data Add Data 2 If Data Add Data is dimmed skip to section 3 4 3 Open streams shp In order for the shapefile to work correctly streams dbf and streams shx must be located in the same directory as streams shp This is true for all shapefiles 1 Choose the Select Features tool W 2 Draw a box around all the shapes 3 Select Mapping ArcObjects gt Feature Objects 4 This is the same GIS to Feature Objects Wizard you used in section 3 3 1 When you are finished mapping shapefile data to WMS attributes choose Next then Finish 3 4 Creating Feature Objects Using Background Images Another important feature of WMS is the ability to create feature objects using background images as guides For instance you may have a soil use map you want to read into WMS The following procedure explains how this is done 3 4 1 CE Terrain Data 0A Map Data Jud Coverages M Drainage Basic Feature Objects 3 9 The Data Tree Window First you will need to create a new coverage by utilizing the Data Tree window on the right hand side of the WMS
160. itled Bare Ground Click Done Switch to the Drainage module Select TIN Compute Basin Data Click OK on the Compute Basin Data dialog to proceed This will re compute basin data and distribute the deleted segments areas to the remaining segments Now you will aggregate some segments Switch back to the Tree module Select the basin icon by clicking on it 20 6 WMS Tutorials 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Select HSPF Edit Parameters Note that there are only 6 segments listed now Choose the segment entitled Mixed Forest Note the area of 474 94 acres this is the area that you will add to the Evergreen Forest segment to aggregate the two segments While highlighting Mixed Forest segment change its area to 0 0 from 474 94 Click the Delete button to delete segment 6 Click Yes to confirm removing the segment Choose Evergreen Forest segment Note the area is 12237 15 acres Enter the new Area 12712 1 acres 12237 15 474 94 You have successfully aggregated two segments Aggregate segments by setting the Bare Exposed Rock segment area to 0 0 deleting it and adding its area to the segment Mixed Tundra The new total area will be 1444 lacres Choose Done to exit the Edit Parameters dialog You are now left with 4 land segments These are the segments for which you will now input parameters and simulate with HSPF 20 4 Defining Land Segment Parameters You are ready to
161. l tab 11 Check the Soil Type Legend box 12 Select OK once again to exit the Display Options dialog Basic Feature Objects 3 13 You can continue to explore the display options if you wish If you wanted to assign new colors to the land uses you would need to make the land use coverage active before going back into the Display Options dialog 3 6 1 Managing Coverages Using the Data Tree window you can choose to hide and or show coverages and designate which coverage is the active coverage 1 From the Data Tree window toggle off the check boxes for the Drainage and the Soil Type coverages 2 Click on the Land Use coverage so it will be active Now only the land use coverage will be visible on the screen The other coverages still exist they simply will not show on the screen until you turn their visibility back on 3 7 Conclusion In this workshop you should have learned the basics for creating and importing feature objects and managing different coverages Both these concepts are central to your understanding of WMS You should now be able to 1 Create and edit feature objects 2 Set feature object attributes 3 Create coverages and specify coverage attribute sets 4 Import shapefiles 5 Use images to create feature objects 6 Manage multiple coverages 7 Import and edit feature objects from DXF data CHAPTER 4 DEM Basics Digital Elevation Models DEMs are the most commonly available digital elevation
162. lation for 12 hours you will not capture the full hydrograph Conversely if you run a 24 hr simulation for 96 hrs you are probably going to have a lot of runoff ordinates equal to 0 at the end In this case we are running 10 8 WMS Tutorials the simulation for 1500 minutes slightly more than 24 hours with an ordinate on the hydrograph being computed for every 5 minutes 7 Set the computation units to English this should be the default Setting the computation units DOES NOT cause any units conversion to take place You are simply telling HEC 1 that you will provide input units in English units sq miles for area inches for rain feet miles for length and expect results of computation to be in English units cfs If you specify Metric then you must insure that input units are metric sq kilometers mm for rain meters kilometers for lengh and results will be in metric cms 8 Select OK For now we will leave the other Job Control settings at their default values 10 3 2 Setting up the Basin Data Parameters In the first simulation you will treat the entire watershed as a single basin 1 Select the Select Basin tool B 2 Double click on the brown basin icon labeled 1B Double clicking on a basin or outlet icon always brings up the parameter editor dialog for the current model in this case HEC 1 3 Select the Basin Data button 4 Notice that the area has been calculated in this case in sq miles because we are performing
163. lay Options g 2 Select the Drainage Data tab 3 Check the display toggle for Basin slopes Areas should already be on 4 Select OK Basin attributes are displayed at the centroid of the basin In order to see the parameters more clearly turn off the display of the DEM Ga Terain Data 5 Ifneeded expand the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree nls DEM 6 From the Data Tree toggle off the check box for the DEM Your screen should now look like Figure 12 1 National Flood Frequency Program NFF Interface 12 3 BS 0 0276 ftitt A 14 45 mi 2 Figure 12 1 Drainage Basin with parameters computed 12 3 Calculating Percentage of Lake Cover The regression equation for Region B of Florida includes a parameter LK to define the ratio of the area of lakes in the basin to the total basin area as a percent We will use the Compute Coverage Overlay calculator in WMS to calculate the percentage of lake cover in our drainage basin The only other parameter in the regression equation for Region B of Florida is drainage area DA something that is automatically computed using the Compute Basin Data command 12 3 1 Opening the Land Use Coverage In order to compute the percentage of lake cover in our watershed we will read in some land use data from a typical USGS land use file Each polygon in the coverage is assigned a land use code that corresponds to a land use type For this land use coverage the codes for water bodies lakes
164. le The following sections demonstrate these two methods for constructing scatter point data to be used in a floodplain delineation 15 4 Creating Scatter Points with the Channel Calculator Users can interactively create scatter points in the 2D Scatter Point module and enter a water surface elevation for each point This section will demonstrate this method To begin we will clear all data from WMS and begin afresh 1 Select File New 2 Select No when asked if you want to save your changes Floodplain Delineation 15 7 WMS has a tool that allows us to interactively create scatter points and assign a data value to each point The values for water surface elevations might be obtained by digitizing from a background image or from another source You can also use a cross section coverage in conjunction with the channel calculator to create scatter points with calculated depths along a river centerline For this example we will use the Channel Calculator to compute water depths for various cross sections in our channels and create a scatter point at each cross section arc The water surface elevation will be equal to the water depth computed by the Channel Calculator plus the ground elevation given by the TIN We will begin by opening a MAP file containing a Cross Section coverage This coverage contains several cross section arcs along our stream reaches 15 4 1 Open the Cross section Arcs and River Centerlines 1 Select File Open
165. le click on the basin labeled 4B Notice that the intensity value computed in the Storm Drain interface has been copied here as well and Q is now computed for the basin 15 Select Done to exit the Rational Method dialog 18 4 3 Defining the Outfall and Access Hole Locations N 1 Switch to the Map module l 2 Make sure that the Storm Drain coverage is selected in the Data Tree Error Reference source not found 18 11 3 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A 4 Double click on the node in the lower left hand corner of the subdivision as shown in Figure 18 7 Double click Here Figure 18 7 Outfall location 5 Change the node type to Outfall 6 Select OK 7 Multi select the nodes indicated in Figure 18 8 by holding down the lt SHIFT gt key as you select each node 18 12 WMS Tutorials X Manhole Locations os Figure 18 8 Access hole locations 8 Select Feature Objects Attributes 9 Change the node type to Access Hole 10 Enter 4 0 as the Acess hole width 11 Change the Bench Type to Flat Bench 12 Select OK The Pipe Drain Network is now defined 18 5 Linking Nodes and Assigning Elevations To properly portray the relationship between the Drainage coverage and the Storm Drain coverage we need to explicitly define links between their corresponding nodes We also need to assign elevations to all linked nodes Elevations can either be defined manually or with the use of a background TIN or DEM
166. lect the upper basin 3 Select the line in the TR 55 data window where the peak Q is displayed Notice that the TR 55 equation for computing peak flow is displayed in the help window You can get help for missing data as well 1 Change the Time of concentration to 0 0 and click somewhere else to update the dialog 2 Select the line in the TR 55 data window that instructs you to define a time of concentration Now you are told the units for time of concentration as well as the available options for determining it in the TR 55 help window 1 Reenter the time of concentration by typing in the appropriate value or if you can t remember use the Compute Tc Map Data button again 2 Select the Compute Hydrograph s button 3 Select Done to close the TR 55 dialog Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 15 4 Choose the Select Hydrograph tool th 5 Double click on the hydrograph icon that is displayed by the upper basin to view the hydrograph in a separate window 9 8 Conclusions This completes the tutorial on using the time computation coverage to compute time of concentration and travel times and the land use and soil coverages to compute a composite CN value In the process you have also learned about the TR 55 interface CHAPTER 10 HEC 1 Interface WMS has a graphical interface to HEC 1 Geometric attributes such as areas lengths and slopes are computed automatically from the digital water
167. lengths specifying flow values and assigning river boundary conditions 1 Select Edit Geometric Data Your screen should appear like Figure 13 9 below Geometric Data Upper Main 5259 764 4291 767 utar 4 West Tributary 1863347 00 384457 20 Figure 13 9 The Geometric Editor in HEC RAS HEC RAS Analysis 13 13 In the case that an excessive number of points are extracted from the cross section arcs HEC RAS has a tool that will filter points that are too close together to run an analysis Since there are many data editing tools available within HEC RAS in addition to the filtering tool we simply make you aware of such tools and suggest that you browse the HEC RAS user s manual for more information First we will enter junction lengths in the Geometric Data Editor 1 Left click on the node junction that joins the West Tributary and Upper Main reaches 2 Select Edit Junction from the pop up menu The Junction Length value should be entered as the distance stretching across the junction between adjacent cross sections We will measure these lengths with the Measure Tool in WMS 3 Activate the WMS window N 4 Switch to the Map module er 5 Choose the Measure Tool 6 As shown in the example in fig below trace out the distance along the centerline arc between the most downstream cross section arc on the West Tributary reach and the most upstream cross section arc on the Lower Main r
168. lick on the node to the left of the drainage basin Set the Node type to be Outfall Select OK While holding down the lt SHIFT gt key select the four nodes of the storm drain coverage that correspond to the 4 storm drain inlets access holes of the drainage coverage as shown in Figure 19 8 Select Feature Objects Attributes Set the Node type to be Access Hole Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 19 11 8 Set the width to be 4 0 9 Select OK Of course you could define each access hole separately by double clicking on the node and setting the node type and access hole width but it is more efficient to define them all at once At this point you should have one outfall node four access hole nodes and a single pipe junction in your storm drain coverage as identified in Figure 19 8 If this is not the way your storm drain coverage is set up then correct it now Outfall Manholes fe Pipe Junction r zS Figure 19 8 The correct setup of the Storm Drain coverage 19 4 4 Linking Nodes To properly portray the relationship between the drainage coverage and the storm drain coverage we need to explicitly define links between their corresponding nodes 1 Select Storm Drain Link Nodes 2 Change the tolerance to 25 3 Click the Auto Link button This should link the four storm drain inlet nodes of the drainage coverage to the four access holes of the storm drain coverage If not increase the tolerance by an increment o
169. log so that you can enter your coordinates in decimal degrees or degrees minutes seconds and convert to UTM or any other coordinates l 9 10 Choose the Convert Point button from the Point area on the Register Image dialog Select Geographic NAD 83 US from the Convert From Horizontal System drop down box Select UTM NAD 83 US from the Convert To Horizontal System drop down box Set the Horizontal Units field to Meters Select UTM Zone 12 114W to 108W from the Convert To UTM Zone drop down box Set the Vertical System to Local and the Units field is Meters Find the latitude and longitude for Point 1 in Table 2 1 Enter the appropriate Degrees Minutes and Seconds values for Point 1 in the edit boxes Choose the Convert button Select OK to exit the dialog The appropriate UTM x and y coordinates should appear in the X and Y edit boxes under Point 1 in the Register Image dialog 1 2 If the Follow the same steps to convert the latitude and longitude coordinates of Points 2 and 3 to UTM coordinates the settings in the conversion dialog should remain the same so that you only need to enter the coordinates for points 2 and 3 Select OK on the Register Image dialog image appears distorted or crooked you may have entered the coordinates incorrectly or placed the marks inaccurately Table 2 1 Latitude and Longitude for Soils tif Point Longitude Latitude 1 112 28
170. low the reservoir in the tributary on the East of the Leith Creek are small we will disregard that reach in our simulation To create the centerline arcs Select the Create Feature Arc tool fai Following the pattern in Figure 13 1 create the centerline of the main channel from upstream to downstream HEC RAS views a river in this direction and it will ultimately help define what is the left bank and right bank characteristics by clicking points on the centerline one at a time Double click the last point to indicate that it is the end of the centerline Figure 13 1 Creating the Centerline arcs 3 Create the arc for the west tributary upstream to downstream by clicking points on the centerline Create the last point where the tributary meets the main channel by double clicking on the main channel centerline This splits the centerline of the main channel into two reaches 13 4 WMS Tutorials This defines the centerline for the model in this simulation It will consist of two reaches in the main channel divided by the tributary and one reach in the west tributary Bank arcs are used to define the locations of the banks and the over bank distances The next step is to create bank arcs along both sides of each centerline arc To create the bank arcs 1 Select the Create Feature Arc tool E 2 Create new arcs where you estimate the bank locations to be based upon contours colors roughly follow the green area around the ce
171. lues on the dry side of the levee are not interpolated In this tutorial a map file of arcs representing a proposed levee will be used to demonstrate the effects of incorporating a flood barrier coverage 15 14 WMS Tutorials 1 Select File Open ao 2 Open the file named evee map Two new coverages are now added to the Map Data folder in the Data Tree The coverage entitled proposed levee is a Flood Barrier coverage and breakline is a General coverage 3 Verify that proposed levee is the active coverage in the Data Tree 4 Select the Zoom tool Ql 5 Zoom in around the proposed levee as shown in Figure 15 4 The proposed levee is located along the west bank of the tributary stream Figure 15 4 Zoom in on the arc representing the levee Contouring of floodplain data sets in WMS is based on TIN vertices Therefore it is important to make any necessary changes to the TIN before performing floodplain delineation especially if comparisons are to be made between different scenarios The flood extent is contoured to midpoints on triangle edges between flooded and dry areas It is therefore recommended that a breakline be created on the river side of the flood barrier coverage in order to improve the visualization of the delineated floodplain This breakline and the flood barrier are then forced into the TIN effectively confining the flood contours between the two Floodplain Delineation 15 15 You will now fo
172. mages to create feature objects 6 Managing multiple coverages 3 2 Creating and Editing Feature Objects The Terrain Data Drainage and Map modules are where the feature objects are created and manipulated All feature objects are made from a set of points and the lines connecting the points There are three main types of feature objects points arcs and polygons The following steps will teach you how to create and edit the different types of feature objects N 1 Switch to the Map module 2 Select File Open 3 Open FeatureObjects img 3 2 1 Creating Feature Arcs 1 Find the portion of the image labeled Vertices Nodes and Arcs 2 Choose the Create Feature Arc tool E 3 Single click on the point labeled 4 Double click on point 2 to end the arc While you are creating a feature arc you can hit Esc to cancel Backspace to back up one vertex Enter or single click to make a vertex and double click to end the arc When WMS creates an arc each end is a node and all points in the middle are vertices 1 Single click at point 3 directly on top of the arc you just made Notice how WMS automatically links the new arc to the existing arc and creates a node at the point of intersection 1 Double click at point 4 to end the arc 2 Single click at point 5 3 2 2 3 2 3 Basic Feature Objects 3 3 3 Double click at point 6 Snapping Arcs Oftentimes you will have two arcs very close to each other th
173. map file containing material data that has already been digitized 1 Select File Open as 2 Open materials map 3 Zoom in around the materials polygons on the Area Property coverage 4 Select Display Display Options g 5 Toggle Color Fill Polygons on 6 Select OK 7 Select Edit Materials to view the material types associated with each color 8 Select Cancel 14 4 WMS Tutorials 14 3 Converting a DEM toa TIN Cross section geometry can be extracted from a TIN in WMS We will create a TIN by opening a DEM and converting it to a TIN It is also possible to filter redundant DEM points out of the TIN that we create 14 3 1 Open DEM 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module Select File Open a Open 91606647 hdr Select OK Select Yes to convert coordinates Toggle Edit project coordinate system on Set the Convert From Horizontal System to Geographic NAD 83 US Set the Convert To Horizontal System to UTM NAD 27 US Select OK 14 3 2 Convert to a TIN 3C Terrain Data o i DEM Converted 1 New tin Select DEM Conversion DEM gt TIN Filtered 2 Select OK Select Display Display Options g Toggle Triangles off and Boundaries on Select OK Expand the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree Hide the DEM by toggling its checkbox off HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 5 14 4 Extracting Cross Sections It is very easy to extract cross section geometry from a T
174. ments to branches 14 Editing branch segment properties 15 Saving CE QUAL W2 control input file 16 Saving bathymetry as CE QUAL W2 2 input file 21 2 Importing data and coordinate conversion The following steps will teach you how to import data and make sure they are in the proper coordinate system 4 Open up WMS or if it is open select File Open 5 Select OK to delete old data 6 Select File Open 7 Locate and open the file EastCanyon tin 8 Select the display options icon a 9 Unselect the Locked Vertices the Unlocked Vertices and the Triangles boxes 10 Exit out of the display options dialog by selecting OK WMS coordinates are set to U S survey feet by default This should be recognized every time a file is opened in WMS If the file was saved using metric coordinates then this will need to be updated each time the file is opened CE QUAL W2 uses metric coordinates in all bathymetry calculations so it is advisable to convert to metric coordinates and enter all data in meters If the user wishes to use U S feet for data entry then the coordinate conversion can be performed later with the same results A prompt in these instructions will appear later advising the user when to make the conversion 1 Click the Coordinate Conversion option under the Edit pull down menu 2 In the Coordinate Conversion dialog select the current coordinate system button CE QUAL W2 Interface 21 3 Change the
175. n Figure 4 1 The map should automatically update DEM Basics 4 5 gt Places Names gt Layer Extent gt Transportation gt Boundaries WhHydrography National Atlas Dams National Atlas Alluvial and Glacial uiters National A Regio National Principal National NHD 5 Nati NHD Wate gt Orthoimagery gt Land Cover gt Elevation Figure 4 1 Display Layers 7 Use the Zoom tool to zoom in around the area shown in Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 Zoom Window Downloads Sly 1 Under the Download section choose the Download Area tool 4 6 WMS Tutorials 2 Make the rectangle shown in Figure 4 3 An order confirmation page should come up Figure 4 3 Download Selection Window 1 Select the Modify Data Request button 2 Select GridFloat from the Data Format drop down box next to National Elevation Dataset NED 1 3 Arc Second 3 Select the Save Changes amp Return to Summary button 4 Select the Download link when the request summary page displays again Save the zip file to a location where you can unzip it 5 Use WinZip or any unzipping utility to unzip the file that you download If you were not successful downloading the DEM data you can use the richfieldNED zip file found with the tutorial data which has been unzipped into the NED directory If you wish you can try to open up this DEM in WMS 1 Select File New 2 Switch to the Terrain Data module a 3 Select File
176. n and results is in the upper right window of the dialog The HYDRO 35 data only needs to be entered once unless different data is to be used for different basins so the rainfall intensity for the remaining basins can be defined using the following steps 1 Select the icon for Small 2 Select the IDF Curves button 3 Select the line of text for the 0 yr recurrence interval 4 Select the Intensity button 11 6 WMS Tutorials Select Done Repeat these steps for the Middle and Lower basins When you are finished entering the parameters choose Done on the Rational Method dialog 11 2 3 Defining Hydrographs As the data entry for each basin is completed a peak flow Q is computed and listed in the text display window The Rational Method equation does not produce a hydrograph However several different unit dimensionless hydrographs can be used to distribute the peak flow through time to create a runoff hydrograph 1 Double click the basin labeled Upper in Figure 11 1 2 Select the Define Hydrographs button 3 Select the Rational method hydrograph from the drop down list 4 Select Done to compute the hydrograph 5 Select Done for the Rational Method dialog 6 Double click on the small hydrograph box to the upper right of the basin icon to open up a plot window with the hydrograph You should see the hydrograph displayed in a plot window as shown in Figure 11 3 Rational Method Interface 11 7 I ox
177. n three arcs This is because one of the flow path arcs the one labeled 8 above will be used to compute travel time between outlets but still is within the lower basin Notice that WMS defaults its status to inactive WMS will try to make the best choice of arcs that are used for time of concentration for a basin but at times you may need to set the active inactive status on your own 1 Select Done Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 11 9 5 Using the Time Computation Arcs to Compute the Travel Time Between Outlet Points Besides using time computation arcs for computing time of concentration or lag time for a basin you can also use them to compute the routing travel time of a channel 1 Choose the Select Outlet tool SI while the TR 55 dialog is still open 2 Select the upstream outlet the outlet to the upper basin 3 Select the Compute travel time button in the TR 55 dialog 4 Make sure that both of the downstream arcs are active The active status in the dialog is turned on for both 5 Note the time of concentration for these arcs 6 Select Done 7 The time of concentration from the arcs should now appear in the Travel time box 8 Select Done to close the TR 55 dialog 9 6 Computing a Composite Curve Number 9 6 1 In this part of the workshop you will learn how to overlay land use and soil coverages on your delineated watershed in order to derive a curve number CN 1 Select th
178. n using the pre computed runoff distance and slope parameters and one of the equations defined in WMS To see the values that WMS has computed you will need to modify the display options 1 Select the Done button to close the TR 55 dialog 2 Select Display Display Options g 3 Choose the Drainage Data tab 4 Toggle on Max flow distance and Max flow slope 5 Select OK Notice that the longest flow path distance within a basin is displayed for each basin as well as the slope along that flow path These are the variables that will be used in a separate equation to determine the time of concentration 1 Double click the upper basin icon to run TR 55 once again 2 Select the Compute TC Basin Data button In the Basin Time Computation dialog you can pick from one of several lag time or time of concentration equations that are pre programmed in WMS see WMS Help topic Overview of Basin Data Equations for a complete description of these equations You can also create your own equation from the computed variables or parameters that you define yourself In this tutorial we will use the Kerby equation for time of concentration but you may wish to experiment on your own with some of the other equations or by making your own 1 Select the Compute Time of Concentration option from the Computation type drop down box 2 Choose the Kerby method for overland flow equation in the drop down list of equations Notice that all variables need
179. nage coverage Select Type From the list select 1D Hyd Centerline The Reverse Directions command changes the direction of the flow of the stream To view this change you can zoom in on a small portion of the stream There are small blue arrows indicating the direction of the flow The direction should indicate that the stream is flowing down and to the left southwest Switch to the Terrain Data module 2e Select DEM Conversion DEM gt TIN Filtered Make sure that Triangulate new TIN and Delete DEM options are toggled on Choose OK Select Display Display Options On the TIN tab toggle off Triangles Select OK Right click on the Coverages folder and select New Coverage from the pop up menu Choose 1D Hyd Cross Sections from the Coverage Type drop down box Select OK Choose the Create Feature Arcs tool Create eight cross sections as shown in Figure 17 3 17 6 WMS Tutorials Figure 17 3 Cross Sections on Stream Arc 17 1 4 Reading in Area Properties An area property coverage is used to assign Manning s roughness values to the cross sections in SMPDBK Area property coverages contain polygons with materials representing land cover types assigned to each polygon section you read an existing area property coverage You could also create your own area property coverage from a background image or map l 2 Select File Open Open areaprop map Switch to the
180. nd precipitation for each run as well as the diagnostic information for the models It is possible to abort prematurely by selecting the Abort button 16 4 Viewing the Results All solutions HEC 1 hydrographs HEC RAS river stages and Floodplain delineations are read into WMS Furthermore at the completion of the stochastic run WMS computes a dataset containing the probabilities that flooding will occur at various locations within the original TIN This is computed by assigning to each vertex in the TIN whether it was flooded or not At the completion of all runs contours showing 0 100 percent probability of flooding can be viewed 100 probability would mean that flooding occurred for the entire model 50 probability would be flooding for half of the simulations etc To view the results 1 Select Close to exit the Stochastic HEC 1 wrapper 2 Switch to the Terrain Data module e 3 Select Display Display Options 4 Choose the TIN tab 5 Toggle on the TIN Contours check box 16 8 WMS Tutorials 6 Select OK 3 hecrun1_prob FLOOD 7 From the Data Tree expand New Tin in order to see its subfolders ial see 123 hecrun 1_depth 8 Expand the folder named hecrun _prob FLOOD 9 Select the dataset named hecrun prob 10 By contouring this dataset we see the probabilities that the floodplain will arrive at different locations 11 Now select the dataset named hecrun1_depth This dataset contains the ave
181. near the bottom of the list Select OK to update the computed lag time for the SCS dimensionless method Select OK Select Done You now have all of the parameters set to run a single basin analysis 10 3 3 Running HEC 1 Whenever you run a HEC 1 simulation WMS will first save a standard HEC 1 input file You will also be prompted for the name of an output file and a solutions file The output file is the standard text output file generated by HEC 1 and the solution file is a plot file that contains the hydrographs formatted in a way that makes it easy for WMS to read and plot it is actually the HEC 1 TAPE22 file 10 10 WMS Tutorials Select HEC 1 Run Simulation Change the text in the Prefix for all files field to be CCTrib Select the Update All Prefixes button Select OK Select Close once HEC 1 finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so The solutions will automatically be read in and you should see a small hydrograph plot up and to the right of the Basin icon now labeled as CCTrib l Double click on the hydrograph icon A plot window will appear with the hydrograph You will see that the hydrograph suddenly stops at 1500 minutes the duration of the simulation as established in the Job Control dialog but the simulation obviously has not run to completion 1 9 Close the plot window by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the window Select Hydrographs Del
182. nel eqn Click on the Manning s n line Enter a value 0 016 in the Variable value edit window Select the hydraulic radius line in the Variables window Select the Hydraulic Radius button to open up the channel calculator so that the hydraulic radius can be computed from rough estimates Change the Channel type to Rectangular Enter a Longitudinal slope of 0 0015 Enter a Channel width of 3 0 Choose the Enter depth option Enter a depth of 0 33 an approximated depth since we do not know what the flow is at this point Select the Calculate button Select OK for both dialogs 9 8 WMS Tutorials You have now defined the necessary parameters for computing travel time using the TR 55 open channel flow Manning s equation Repeat for the arcs labeled 6 7 and 8 using the following values Arc Manning s N Hydraulic Radius 6 0 016 0 35 7 0 016 0 41 8 0 016 0 38 If you wish you can continue to experiment with the channel calculator to compute the hydraulic radius rather than entering the given values You now have defined equations and variable values for each flow path segment You can change these equations variables add new flow path segments etc in order to determine the best flow paths and most appropriate equations for each basin In other words this process is subjective and it may take a few iterations to get the best value 9 4 Using the Time Computation Arcs to Compute Time of C
183. network using the Create Feature Arc tool 1 Switch to the Map module Be 2 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree 3 Select New Coverage 4 Change the Coverage type to Storm Drain 5 Select OK 6 Select File Open as 7 Open pipenetwork shp 8 Select OK to import the shapefile 18 4 1 Entering Job Control Data 1 Select Storm Drain Job Control 2 Enter Storm Drain Rational for the Title 3 Choose the English option for the Units 4 Click on the Pipe Data Properties button This dialog allows users to define a set of pipe properties that will be applied to all pipes in the network In addition to assigning pipe properties on a global scale users can define specific properties to individual pipes or to a group of pipes by selecting them with the Select Feature Arc tool K and selecting the Attributes command from the Feature Objects menu For this tutorial we will simply define global pipe properties 5 Change the Pipe type to Concrete Smooth When a user specifies a pipe type WMS fills in an appropriate Manning s n roughness value based on that pipe type Users can also enter edit the Manning s n value directly in this dialog Users can change the Manning s n values that are assigned to the various Pipe Types These values can be accessed and edited by opening the Display Options 3 dialog choosing the Map tab and changing the Active Coverage field to Storm Drain 6 Enter the values
184. ng Runoff Coefficients 18 2 1 Reading in the Subdivision Layout and Elevations We will open a shapefile containing the geography of the proposed subdivision Also to help us in defining elevations and slopes for the drainage area we will open a TIN Triangulated Irregular Network for the area l 2 3 Select File Open S Open cougarestates tin Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree Select New Coverage from the pop up menu Change the Coverage type to Runoff Coefficient Select OK Select File Open Open cougarestates shp Select OK to import the polygon shapefile 18 2 2 Defining the Runoff Coefficients We will turn off the display of the TIN in order to better distinguish the subdivision polygons l 2 3 t Switch to the Terrain Data module e Expand the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary Toggle the visibility check box for the new TIN off in the Data Tree Error Reference source not found 18 3 N 4 Switch to the Map module ki 5 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool w 6 Double click on the lower left polygon 7 Enter a runoff coefficient of 0 6 8 Select OK 9 Assign Runoff Coefficients for the remaining polygons as shown in Figure 18 1 0 98 z Pa Figure 18 1 Assigning runoff coefficients 18 3 Defining the Drainage Area First we will initialize the Storm Drain interface Initializing Storm Drain tells WMS to make
185. nterline arcs on the background image Use Figure 13 2 as a guide G F i Figure 13 2 Placement of Bank arcs 1 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K 2 Select all of the bank arcs hold the lt Shift gt key down while selecting in order to multi select arcs 3 Select Feature Objects Attributes 4 Change the Arc Type to Bank 5 Select OK HEC RAS Analysis 13 5 The background image is no longer necessary To turn it off l Uncheck the toggle box next to the wmsras img line in the Data Tree 13 2 3 Naming the Centerline Arcs Reaches are stream sections where the flow rates and other hydraulic conditions are assumed to be constant A river can be comprised of one or more reaches but only one flow path HEC RAS has the ability to model multiple rivers flow paths To assign names to our rivers and reaches 1 2 Double click the uppermost reach in the main channel Make sure the Arc type is set to Centerline Select OK Enter Leith Creek for the River Name Enter Upper Main for the Reach Name Select OK Repeat steps to 4 for each reach in the map as shown in Figure 13 3 Note For the Lower Main reach you can choose Leith Creek from the river name combo box instead of typing it in River Leith Creek Reach name Upper Main River name VVest Tributary Reach name West Tributary River name Leith Creek Reach name Lower Main Figure 13 3 River and Reach Names 13 6 WMS Tutorials
186. o achieve different effects DEM Delineation 7 15 7 8 Conclusions In this workshop you should have learned how to use DEMs data in WMS This includes the following 1 Computing flow paths and flow accumulations 2 Delineating watersheds from DEMs 3 Delineating sub basins within a watershed 4 Using feature line streams to modify delineations CHAPTER 8 Editing DEMs Some terrain features including man made features such as roads canals reservoirs dams or dikes and levees may not be well represented if the resolution of the DEM is coarse Evaluating future changes in terrain may also be desirable It is possible to edit DEM elevations and flow directions in order to include these features in the surface representation Storage capacity curves can be computed based on a DEM and then used for reservoir routing in the Detention Basin calculator 8 1 Objectives In this tutorial you will learn how to edit DEMs for more accurate surface representation and drainage analysis by completing the following steps 1 Delineating a basin using TOPAZ flow accumulations and directions 2 Filling gaps of data 3 Editing flow directions 4 Editing elevations to create streams 5 Editing elevations using feature arcs 6 Computing a storage capacity curve for a reservoir basin 8 2 WMS Tutorials 7 Routing an input hydrograph through a reservoir basin 8 2 Running TOPAZ and Basin Delineation Using the flow accumulations
187. o one segment Figure 21 3 Segment area of interest 7 Inthe Feature Objects pull down menu choose Build Polygon 8 Press OK at the prompt CE QUAL W2 Interface 21 9 9 Choose the select polygon tool pS 10 Click within each of the segments to make sure that polygons are correctly defining the branches 21 7 System Modeling After the segments and the branches have been created it is a good idea to create a conceptual model of the system Figure 4 shows a subdivided reservoir and its accompanying model Important parts of the system model include the segments in each branch the segment that a branch enters into and the numbering The general trend in the numbering is that the most upstream segment in each branch has the lowest value beginning with the segments in the main branch All segments in a branch should be numbered sequentially In addition the first segment in your model should be numbered 2 This is to allow for a dummy segment required by CE QUAL W2 to be created as segment 1 Dummy segments are also required at the end of a branch _ _ Outflow dummy 14 Segment Branch 3 fala ns pepo joof 22 1 i Inflow Dummy 1 Segment Figure 21 4 System Model 21 10 WMS Tutorials 21 7 1 Initializing CE QUAL W2 simulation For WMS to generate the input file the CE QUAL W2 interface must be initialized 3 In the CE QUAL W2 menu choose New Simulation The CE QUAL W2 interface is now initiali
188. o save your changes 16 3 2 Running the Model The last step in setting up the stochastic simulation is linking the output hydrographs in this case it is a steady state simulation and so only the peak flow is used from the HEC 1 model to the HEC RAS input boundary condition for the appropriate rivers and reaches l 2 Select HEC 1 Run Stochastic Model Choose 2B Basin Hydrograph from the Select a hydrograph combo box Choose Leith River from the Select a river combo box Choose Upper Branch from the Select a reach combo box Choose 2648 528 from the Select a cross section list box Select the Assign Peak Flow BC button Repeat the previous steps to link the hydrographs and cross sections shown in Table 16 1 Table 16 1 Assigning additional hydrographs to cross sections Stochastic Modeling Using HEC 1 and HEC RAS 16 7 Left Fork 1703 086 Leith River 759 138 Leith River 72 889 Before we use the Stochastic Model to run Floodplain Delineation over and over again we need to change some of the delineation options To set these options 8 Select the Floodplain Delineation Options button 9 Change the Max search radius to 1500 10 Make sure the Quadrants check box is toggled on 11 Enter 3 for the Number of stages in a quadrant 12 Select OK 13 Select OK to run the Stochastic simulations Progress for the simulations will be displayed in the Stochastic dialog You will be able to see the values selected for the CN a
189. of the four different hydrologic soil groups A B C D This is described in detail at the gsda website http emrl byu edu gsda and in the advanced feature objects tutorial For this tutorial you will read in an existing file you can examine it in a text editor if you wish and compute the CN numbers 1 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module H 2 Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes 3 Select the Jmport button to load the mapping table 10 12 WMS Tutorials 4 Select OK to overwrite the current definition 5 Find and open the file named scs and tbl 6 Select OK to compute the CN from the land use and soils layers You should find that CN computed from the land use and soils digital data is about 72 or 73 While there is still some judgment required in setting up the mapping table there is a lot more justification for this value than the one previously estimated 10 4 2 Run HEC 1 You can now run another simulation to compare the results with the modified CN value 1 Select HEC 1 Run Simulation 2 Select OK it is fine to overwrite the existing files but you can change the file names if you want 3 Select Close once HEC 1 finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 4 Double click on the hydrograph icon to plot both the old and the new hydrograph in a plot window With the increased CN value you should see that the resulting hydrograph peaks higher more runoff
190. oil type coverage you can read in the soils image 1 Select Images Import 2 Open soils img Manually Digitizing Feature Objects 1 Choose the Create Feature Arc tool E 2 Starting anywhere on the border of the large orange area outline the entire region labeled D with an arc You can be as accurate as you like If you wish you can even zoom in to get a closer view of the image You will have to end the arc by double clicking in order to be able to select any other tools such as zoom pan or show all Once you have zoomed to the location you want you can just pick up where you left off Remember that when you click near an existing vertex or arc WMS will automatically snap the new arc to the existing one 1 Outline all the other soil type polygons similarly 2 Select Feature Objects Build Polygon 3 Select OK to use all the arcs Check to make sure that each soil use polygon is completely outlined If one or more polygons do not build correctly check to be sure that the arcs surrounding the polygons are completely closed Assigning Feature Polygon Attributes Now that you have created the soil use polygons you will need to assign the soil use attributes to the correct polygons 1 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool H 2 Double click on the yellow polygon labeled B The soil type mapping dialog should come up automatically Just as in the first part of the tutorial double clicking on a feature object brin
191. oir initial condition to be 6818 3 Select OK 4 Select Done 10 6 3 Running HEC 1 You are now ready to save and run the HEC 1 file with the defined reservoir 1 Select HEC 1 Run Simulation 2 Change the name in the Prefix for all files field to Reservoir 3 Select the Update all prefixes button 4 Select OK 5 Select Close once HEC 1 finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 10 22 WMS Tutorials After HEC 1 runs you can open any or multiple within the same plot window by holding down the lt SHIFT gt key to multi select of the hydrographs by double clicking on the corresponding icon Close all plot windows before moving on 10 7 Reviewing Output It should be emphasized here that while WMS makes it easy to set up a HEC 1 model and compute a result it is not a substitute for understanding the basic theory and equations used in HEC 1 You are encouraged to read the HEC 1 manual found in the documents directory distributed with WMS and other texts on hydrologic modeling You are also encouraged to review the HEC 1 output file that is generated with each simulation in order to glean more understanding about how your model is working l 2 Select File Edit File Find and open the file named reservoir out Select OK to open the file with Notepad Scroll through this file and examine what information HEC 1 saves to the output file If you have errors running HEC 1 simulations y
192. on 5 150 0087 Cross section 6 150 0037 The Channel Calculator can also be used to generate a rating curve 1 Select the Compute Curves button The default is to create a rating curve for the entered flow vs depth but you can also create curves for all of the other options listed Further you can enter a depth in the Channel Calculator and compute Depth on the Y Axis vs any of the listed options Flow would replace the Depth option for the X Axis 2 Select OK You can right click in the rating curve plot window to export the data to a spreadsheet if you want 3 When you are done viewing the rating curve plot close the plot window by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the window 4 Select OK to close the Channel Calculator 15 4 4 Interpolating Stages along the Centerline You should now have a scatter point created with a computed water surface elevation at each cross section where it intersects the centerline as shown in Figure 15 2 In order for the flood delineation to work better we want to interpolate values along the centerline 15 10 WMS Tutorials Cross Section 4 cy 3 3 Gy Cross Section 6 EN s Cross Section 3 Cross Section 2 Cross Section 5 wY Cross Section 1 Figure 15 2 Labels for each cross section l 2 Model River Tools e 3 4 5 N Switch to the Map module Be Make sure the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage is active in the
193. on depends on the spacing between vertices 1 Select Edit Select All to select all feature arcs 2 Select Feature Objects Redistribute 3 Enter a Spacing of 60 4 Select OK 5 7 5 Create TIN 1 Select Display Display Options g 2 On the TIN tab toggle Triangles on 3 Select OK 4 Select Feature Objects Create TIN 5 Select No 6 Toggle the Display triangulation process option on 7 Select OK The existing TIN is replaced with a new TIN that was created using the feature arcs that are part of the conceptual model 5 7 6 Flat Triangles and Pits t 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module se 2 Select Display Display Options g 3 Toggle Flat Triangles and Pits on 4 Select OK 5 16 WMS Tutorials 5 Select TIN Vertex Smooth Pits 5 7 7 Basin Delineation 1 2 3 Switch to the Drainage module Select TIN Define Basins Select TIN Refine Boundaries Select TIN Compute Basin Data Select OK 5 8 Convert to DEM 10 11 12 13 D Switch to the Terrain Data module Select TIN Conversion TIN gt DEM Enter a cell width and cell height of 10 Select OK Select Yes N Switch to the Map module E Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree and hide the display of trailmountain TIF by toggling the visibility checkbox off Switch to the Drainage module Zoom in around the DEM contours Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data Select OK Selec
194. oncentration for a TR 55 Simulation Before assigning time of concentrations to each basin you need to decide which model you want to use For this tutorial you will be running TR 55 but the same time computation tools you learn in this tutorial could be used for any of the supported WMS models such as in the TR 20 basin data dialog the HEC Unit Hydrograph method dialog and the Rational Method dialog 1 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module XI 2 Change the Model drop down list to TR 55 3 Select TR 55 New Simulation 4 Select TR 55 Run Simulation 5 Select the Select Basin tool K while the TR 55 dialog is still open 6 Select the upper basin 7 Enter a Rainfall value of 1 5 8 Change the Rainfall distribution to Type I 9 Select the Compute Tc Map Data button You will see the three time computation arcs that are in the basin 10 You can create a detailed report as a text file if you want by selecting the Export Data or Copy to Clipboard buttons Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 9 11 Select Done 12 The sum of the travel times for these arcs will be used as the time of concentration for this basin Note that you could bring up the time computation attributes dialog and change the equation or any of the equation variables by selecting the Edit Arcs button Now you will set up the TR 55 basin data for the lower basin As a comparison you will now compute the time of concentratio
195. options and other macros Turning objects on and off and accessing menus from the Data Tree window Turning objects on and off and changing display options Contour options Saving a project file If time permits continue exploring the different elements of the interface and or reviewing the information within the WMS Help file CHAPTER 2 Images Images are an important part of most projects developed by WMS An image is comprised of a number of pixels picture elements each with its own color The resolution or size of the pixels will determine the amount of area and detail represented in the image Images are used in WMS to derive data such as roads streams confluences land use soils etc as well as providing a base map or backdrop to your watershed In order to make use of images they must be georeferenced Georeferencing an image defines appropriate x and y coordinates so that distances and areas computed from the image will be accurate Because images are commonly used in GIS programs like WMS data developers often store the georeferencing information as either part of the image file a geotiff file for example or in a separate file commonly referred to as a world file 2 1 Objectives In this workshop you will learn the primary ways that images are imported and georeferenced or registered by WMS 1 Learn how to use geotiff files 2 Understand what resampling an image means 3 Learn how to use worl
196. oss section 3 033 Cross section 4 026 Cross section 5 031 Cross section 6 027 Select OK to close the Attributes dialog when you have finished defining all Manning s n values 15 4 3 Using the Channel Calculator to Compute Depths The Channel Calculator is a good tool for approximating channel flows or flow depths Given a flow rate the Calculator can compute a flow depth and vice versa As we calculate flow depths we need to jot down the depth values so we can recall them later when we create the 2D scatter points Switch to the Hydrologic Tree module Y Select Calculators Channels Change the Channel Type to Cross Section Make sure that Cross section 1 is selected from the Cross section list Change the Units to Metric Enter a value of 0 002 for Longitudinal slope This is an estimate for the ground slope in the vicinity of Cross section 1 Floodplain Delineation 15 9 7 Enter a value of 450 for the flow 8 Select the Calculate button 9 Select the Create Stage Point button 10 Choose Cross section 2 from the Cross Section list 11 Repeat the previous steps to compute Depths and create a stage point for this and all remaining cross sections The following table provides Flow and Longitudinal slope values for use with each cross section Cross Section Flow cms Slope Cross section 1 450 0020 Cross section 2 450 0015 Cross section 3 300 0019 Cross section 4 300 0006 Cross secti
197. ou may often find the answer to the problem within the out output file 10 8 Conclusion This concludes the tutorial on defining HEC 1 files and displaying hydrographs The concepts learned include the following Entering job control parameters Defining basin parameters such as loss rates precipitation and hydrograph methodology for a single watershed or a multiple basin analysis Defining routing parameters Routing a hydrograph through a reservoir Saving HEC 1 input files Reading hydrograph results CHAPTER 11 Rational Method Interface The Rational Method is one of the simplest and best known methods routinely applied in urban hydrology Peak flows are computed from the simple equation Q kCiA where Q Peak flow k conversion factor C Runoff coefficient i Rainfall intensity A Area In this tutorial you will learn how to solve problems using a digital terrain model and the Rational Method 11 1 Reading in Terrain Data The terrain model used in this tutorial is a TIN for a small portion of a city The elevation data was obtained by digitizing a contour map 1 Select File Open as 11 2 WMS Tutorials 2 Find and open afrational tin 3 Select the Drainage module B 4 Select TIN Compute Basin Data 5 The Model Units should be feet Set the Parameter Units to be Acres for Basin Areas and Feet for Distances 6 Select OK 11 2 Running a Rational Method Simulation The areas compu
198. outlet without any lag or attenuation because you haven t yet set the routing parameters You will now define a routing method which will instruct HEC 1 to compute lag and attenuation on the upper basin hydrographs before adding them to the lower hydrograph Routing for a reach is always defined at the upstream outlet of the reach in WMS HEC 1 Interface 10 17 Select the Select Outlet tool g Double click on the outlet the yellow circle icon of the upper right basin Select the Routing Data button Select the Muskingum Cunge method for routing 5 Set the width WD field to be 5 five feet wide 6 Set the side slope value Z to be 1 1 1 side slope 7 Set the Manning s roughness N to be 0 05 this is kind of rough but we want to exaggerate the routing effects for this tutorial 8 Select OK 43m 7 9 Select Done 10 Double click on the outlet of the upper left basin 11 Select the Routing Data button 12 Select the Muskingum Cunge method for routing 13 Set the width WD field to be 5 14 Set the side slope value Z to be 1 15 Set the Manning s roughness N to be 0 05 16 Select OK p 7 Select Done 10 5 4 Running HEC 1 You now have everything defined to run a three basin HEC 1 analysis that includes routing the upper basins through the reaches connecting them to the watershed outlet 1 Select HEC 1 Run Simulation 2 Change the name in the Prefix for all files field to Routin
199. ow this can be done while the Edit Parameters dialog is still present by only single clicking the outlet The Reach Reservoir Data section of the Edit Parameters dialog will become active and display the name of the outlet chosen Little 2 Click on the Define Activities button 3 Check the box to activate the Hydraulics HYDR module of HSPF for this reach 4 Click the HYDR button in the Reach Reservoir Activities dialog 5 In the HYDR dialog that appears enter the following values in the appropriate fields leave other fields at the default values HYDR HYDR PARM2 HYDR INIT PARM1 ODFVFG 4 Length 13 82 DeltaH 2200 0 The next input you must enter is the FTABLE for the reach The FTABLE is a spreadsheet like table that contain the conveyance parameters of the reach depth area volume and outflow This table may be calculated manually or with the help of the Channel Calculator in WMS l 2 Click on the Define FTABLE button the HYDR dialog In the FTABLE dialog that appears enter the following values it is possible to change the number of rows and columns in the FTABLE but the default values will be sufficient in this case These values are saved in a text file called ftable txt in the CH 8 directory of the tutorials You can open this file copy the data use CTRL C to copy and paste the data to the FTABLE dialog use CTRL V to paste if you wish l HSPF Interface 20 11
200. ow paths can automatically be traced across a TIN or DEM with flow directions computed using the flowpath tool You can take advantage of this functionality in WMS to set up your flow path segments 1 Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree if necessary OF Map Data 2 Right click on the General coverage in the Coverages folder of the Yd Coverages Data Tree m Sai 3 3 Select Properties from the pop up menu Duplicate Tree D i i Mo 4 Set the Coverage type to Time Computation Coordinate Conversion ata Type p Data 5 Select OK AUW a capers 6 Select the Create Feature Points tool Al 7 Create feature points at the two locations marked by an X in the figure below Be sure that there is one point inside of each basin boundary 9 4 WMS Tutorials A 0 12 miX2 A 0 10 mir2 Figure 9 2 Starting Locations for Time of Concentration Arcs These points represent the furthest point from the outlet for their respective basins Now feature arcs will be created from these points to the outlet by following the flow path 1 Select the Select Feature Point Node tool A 2 Select both feature points just created use the lt SHIFT gt key to multi select 3 Select Feature Objects Node gt Flow Arcs 4 Choose the Create multiple arcs option 5 Select OK The Create multiple arcs option will cause WMS to break the flow path arcs once they enter the stream defined on the TIN The TR 55 method
201. ow see the land use legend which shows the color and title of each segment in the watershed You may want to Pan and or Zoom to avoid having the legend appear over the watershed HSPF Interface 20 5 20 3 Aggregating Segments You will note from the display that there are several land segments in the watershed Some are quite large such as the Evergreen Forest Land segment while others are rather insignificant like Bare Exposed Rock To make this simulation simpler you will aggregate some of these segments and delete some others Switch to the Tree module Y Select the basin icon by clicking on it Select HSPF Edit Parameters Note in the Edit Parameters dialog the list of segments in the Basin Data window There are 8 separate segments or land use classifications in this watershed There are two ways to reduce the number of segments computed by WMS The first is to delete one segment then add the area of the deleted segment manually to another similar segment aggregate segments The second is to just delete the segment then let WMS redistribute the deleted area to the remaining segments Linear distribution l Choose segment entitled Other Urban Or Build Up from the Basin Data window Note that the area is about 35 acres insignificant in this watershed Click the Delete button Click Yes for the message that asks if the segment is to be removed from further use Repeat steps 1 2 and 3 for the segment ent
202. owever the main file of interest is the bathymetry input file bath npt At this point the other files do not contain any useful information Since bath npt is the only file of significance it is recommended that it be moved to a folder that will eventually contain all of the final CE QUAL W2 input data The other files can be deleted at this point This chapter is not complete
203. ox around the region identified by a box in Figure 10 4 Figure 10 4 Zoom in on the area indicated by the rectangle 1 Select the Select Feature Vertex tool Al 2 Select the vertex that is just below the feature node where the streams branch 3 Select DEM Node lt gt Outlet 4 Select the Frame macro ak 5 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 6 Select OK to delete and recreate feature data 7 Select OK 8 Select OK HEC 1 Interface 10 15 10 5 2 Updating the Basin Parameters You will have to recompute the CN values and define precipitation and lag time for the basins 1 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module H 2 Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes 3 Select OK and the CN values will be updated for all basins they are actually very similar in this case because of the dominant soil polygon that covers the watershed 4 Select the Select Basin tool A 9 08 mi 2 ss CNE7Q 5 5 Double click on the upper right basin icon to bring up the Edit HEC 1 Parameters dialog 6 Select the Basin Data button 7 Change the Name to Right 8 Select OK A 9 08 mi 2 a CNe 72 5 9 Move the Edit HEC 1 Parameters dialog out of the way if necessary and click on the upper left basin icon to edit parameters for the upper left basin 10 Select the Basin Data button 11 Change the Name to Left 12 Select OK 13 Move the Edit HEC 1 Parameters dialog out of the way if necessary and click on the
204. pacing 60 will be used to interpolate each HEC RAS solution along the reach and the cross sections when running the stochastic simulations 16 2 2 Preparing the HEC 1 model l Show the Drainage coverage by checking its box in the Data Tree Switch to the Tree module P Show the contents of the Hydrologic Tree Data folder by toggling on its check box 16 4 WMS Tutorials ux 4 Select the Frame macro ae We will now assign key values to the parameters that we wish to randomly vary during the Stochastic run Key values are negative integers that we assign to a parameter in lieu of the actual value By entering a negative value for precipitation for example WMS replaces the precipitation value with a feasible precipitation value at run time This precipitation value changes for each new run Each generated value is based on a normal distribution and can be controlled by specifying minimum and maximum allowable values 5 Choose the Select Basin tool BR 6 Multi select the basins labeled 2B and 3B by holding the lt Shift gt key as you single click on each basin icon 7 Select HEC 1 Edit Parameters 8 Select the Precipitation button 9 Enter a value of 1 in the Average precipitation field 10 Select OK 11 Select the Loss Method button 12 Enter a value of 2 in the CRVNBR field 13 Select OK 14 Select Done 15 Multi select the basins labeled 4B and 1B 16 Use the method shown in the previous steps to assign an A
205. plain is computed Options include Search Radius Flow Path and Quadrants The Search radius determines how many TIN vertices are taken into account when performing the delineation The Max search radius is the maximum distance that WMS will look from each scatter point to determine the intersection between the water surface and the land elevations One method for choosing a value for the maximum search radius is to increase the radius until the floodplain extents no longer change The Flow path option ensures that the interpolated values for the floodplain are hydraulically connected The Quadrants option makes sure that water level data for interpolation is selected from all directions surrounding the point of interpolation rather than in just one direction quadrant In general it is best to turn on the Quadrants option when computing a floodplain Users may want to run several floodplain delineations with varied options in order to see how the floodplain changes Optimal settings for the delineation options vary with model geometry For more details on these delineation options refer to the WMS help file To experiment with some of the delineation options we will open a TIN and a scatter point set The TIN contains the land surface elevations and the scatter set contains water surface elevations 1 Select File Open a 2 Open flood tin In order to simplify the screen we will turn off the display of TIN vertices
206. properties roughness values that will be applied to each cross section These can be edited if necessary Select the Merge tab Select the Load Insert Cs button Click on the Data Base Browse button Open channelxsec idx Make sure that the csid number that is highlighted for the channel cross section matches the csid number of the extracted cross section that you are editing these numbers also match the number labels displayed next to each cross section arc on the screen Select OK You will see a profile of the surveyed cross section geometry appear in the upper left corner of the profile view of the extracted cross section geometry as shown in Figure 14 3 HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 9 Cross Section Attributes x 1340 Yy 1335 1330 1325 1320 o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Geom Edit Geo Ref Line Props Point Props Merge Filter i Figure 14 3 Merging cross sections Merge cross sections using the Alignment tools shown in Figure 14 4 You can align cross sections using reference points point properties that are defined on both cross sections such as left end left bank thalweg right bank and right end Enter a value for the Offset the and cross section will be offset that distance from the alignment point Specify a distance for Step Z and use the Up and Down buttons to move the inserted cross section vertically Do the same for Step D using the Left and Right buttons to move the
207. r rainfall Length and slope will already be defaulted from the selected arc 1 Click on the n Mannings line in the Variables text window 2 Enter a value of 0 24 in the Variable value edit window 3 Click on the rainfall line in the Variables text window 4 Enter a value of 1 1 You should notice in the Instructions Results window that you are told what variables need to be defined before a travel time can be computed Once you have entered all the necessary values this same window reports the travel time for this arc In this way you can compute travel time for any arc segment no matter what the application is 1 Select OK 2 Repeat the previous steps for the arc labeled 4 Use a Manning s roughness of 0 15 and a rainfall value of 1 1 Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 7 3 Select OK You have now defined equations for the overland sheet flow segments in each basin and are ready to define the next two arc segments as shallow concentrated flow l 2 Double click on the arc labeled 2 Change the equation type to TR 55 shallow conc eqn Click on the Paved line in the Variables text window Enter no in the Variable value edit window Select OK Repeat for the arc labeled 5 using the same equation type In this case set the Paved value to yes The remaining arcs will be defined as open channel flow arcs l 2 Double click on the arc labeled 3 Change the arc type to TR 55 Open chan
208. r in the Data Tree 2 Select New Coverage 3 From the Coverage type dropdown box select Land Use 4 Select OK Usually you would open the land use image and digitize the land use polygons yourself Here you will open a completed file To use the completed file complete the following steps 3 12 WMS Tutorials 1 Select File Open 2 Open luse map If you were digitizing the image yourself you would complete the following steps l Select Images Import 2 Open luse img As outlined in Parts 3 4 3 and 3 4 4 you d trace all the land use polygons with arc segments while in the Map module build polygons and then map the land use ID s to the correct polygons 3 6 Display Options WMS has many display options to help you tailor the look of your project to your needs You can change options such as polygon colors presence of nodes and vertices and legends using the Display Options command 1 8 9 Activate the Soil Type coverage by single clicking on its name in the Data Tree Select Display Display Options On the Map tab check the Color Fill Polygons box Uncheck the Points Nodes and Vertices boxes Choose the Soil Type Display Options button Select the first Soil ID listed in the list box and click on the color square to the right Choose a new color from the color palette Change the colors of the other soil groups uses if you desire Select OK 10 Choose the Genera
209. r more information and practice on flood plain delineation see the chapter entitled Floodplain Delineation A second HEC RAS tutorial where surveyed cross sections are used can be found in chapter 14 Figure 13 11 Resulting TIN from the Floodplain Delineation CHAPTER 14 HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections HEC RAS is a 1 D river model that relies on cross section data along reaches to compute results Cross sections can be extracted from a TIN in WMS but the TIN does not always define the channel with enough resolution to get an accurate cross section through the channel Tools in WMS make it possible to manage cross sections by editing their shape defining properties and merging multiple cross sections together Surveyed channel cross section data can be merged with cross sections extracted from a TIN in order to develop cross sections that accurately depict both the channel and surrounding terrain 14 1 Objectives In this tutorial you will learn how to merge cross sections and use the data for input into a HEC RAS model by 1 Creating a conceptual river model 2 Converting a DEM to a TIN for background elevation data 3 Extracting cross sections 4 Merging cross sections 5 Running HEC RAS 6 Delineating the floodplain using HEC RAS results 14 2 WMS Tutorials 14 2 Creating a Conceptual River Model A conceptual river model can be created by using GIS data to define centerline and bank arcs material properties and
210. r the two sub basins and the travel time between outlet points in the watershed shown below 9 2 WMS Tutorials You will use the TR 55 library of equations but you could just as easily use one of the other pre defined equations or enter your own equation Figure 9 1 American Fork Watershed Many hydrologic models including TR 55 use a composite curve number to account for losses A composite curve number is computed for each basin by overlaying land use and soil type polygons 9 1 Reading a TIN File You will first read in a TIN that has already been processed and used to delineate two sub basins The TIN serves the same purpose as a drainage coverage combined with a DEM 1 Switch to the Drainage Delineation module B 2 Select File Open 3 Open aftr55 tin 4 Select TIN Compute Basin Data 5 Select the Current Coordinates button 6 Make sure that the Horizontal and Vertical units are set to U S Survey Feet 7 Select OK 8 Select Square miles for Basin Areas and Feet for Distances 9 Select OK Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 3 10 Select Display Display Options g 11 Choose the TIN tab 12 Toggle off the check box for Triangles 13 Choose the TIN Drainage tab 14 Toggle on the box for displaying Drainage Basin Boundaries 15 Select OK Your display should now show the basin boundaries and stream network 9 2 Defining Flow Path Arcs Fl
211. rage To extract this data l 2 Select River Tools Extract Cross Section WMS will extract an elevation point at every triangle edge along the cross section arc The default extraction settings are to use the Centerline coverage to generate point properties and the Area Property coverage to define material zones Select OK When WMS prompts you for filename and location for saving the cross section database enter the name xsecs and select Save Each cross section arc now stores a link to a cross section database record which contains xyz data materials properties bank locations and thalweg locations To view and edit the information at a cross section 10 11 12 Choose on the Select Feature Arc tool K Double click on any cross section This brings up the River Cross Section Attributes dialog Make sure that the reach name is assigned correctly Click on the Assign Xsec button This brings up the Assign Cross Section Profile dialog which is used to view the current cross section shape and select a different cross section from a cross section database if desired Click on the Edit button This brings up the Cross Section Attributes dialog This dialog can be used to view and or edit the cross section Click on the Line Props tab to view the materials that are assigned to the cross section Click on the Point Props tab to view the locations of the left bank right bank and thalweg Select Cancel until all
212. rage depths from all of the stochastic simulations CHAPTER 17 Simplified Dam Break Simplified Dam Break SMPDBK is a model that does just what its name says it models dam failures using simplified methods One alternative to using SMPDBK is to use sophisticated dam break models such as the National Weather Service s NWS DAMBRK model These models require extensive data time and computing power When these data or resources are not available SMPDBK can be used to create a quick and dirty solution to the flood depths downstream of a dam failure By combining the SMPDBK results with the floodplain delineation and display capabilities of WMS you can create a good picture of the aerial extents of this flood 17 1 Preparing the Model 17 1 1 Running TOPAZ In this section you will read the DEM and run TOPAZ to compute the flow directions and flow accumulations on the DEM The purpose of doing this is to obtain a stream arc that represents the centerline of the stream downstream from the dam This stream arc will be used in a 1D Hydraulic Centerline coverage to create the geometry for the SMPDBK model in WMS 1 Select File Open a x 2 Open smpdbk gdm 17 2 WMS Tutorials Delete Rename Properties 9 10 Switch to the Drainage Module B Select DEM Compute Topaz Flow Data Select OK Select Current Coordinates from the Units dialog In the Current Coordinates dialog select UTM
213. rce the flood barrier and breakline arcs into the TIN The breakline is located immediately to the east of the flood barrier you probably can t see it unless you zoom in closely around the flood barrier arc To better distinguish the proposed levee and breakline arcs hide the 1D Hyd Centerline coverage EC Map Data gt Materials Her 1D Hyd Centerline R AN if f ID Hyd Cross Section 2 Choose the Select Feature Arc tool K t M gt breakline a proposed ievos 1 Toggle off the check box for 1D Hyd Centerline in the Data Tree 3 Select the flood barrier arc 4 Select Feature Objects Arcs gt Breaklines 5 When prompted choose Use all arcs as breaklines 6 Select OK 7 Atthe next prompt choose nterpolate Z values from existing TIN 8 Select OK 9 Activate the breakline coverage by selecting it from the Data Tree 10 Click on the Select Feature Arc tool w 11 Select the breakline arc 12 Select Feature Objects Arcs gt Breaklines 13 When prompted choose Use all arcs as breaklines 14 Select OK 15 At the next prompt choose nterpolate Z values from existing TIN 16 Select OK 15 5 3 Delineating the Floodplain Now that we have added the breaklines to our TIN we are ready to delineate the flood plain 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module 2 Select Flood Delineate 15 16 WMS Tutorials 8 9 Choose the User defined flood barrier coverage option Make sure the Sear
214. re is no relief in the DEM elevations themselves Because some DEMs do not contain enough resolution to accurately incorporate roadways canals and other man made structures in the delineation you may need to alter the delineation either by using additional stream arcs or by editing the elevations This process including how to alter delineations when necessary is the subject of this workshop 7 1 Objectives In this workshop you will learn the basics of importing viewing and preparing DEMs for automated watershed delineation This includes the following 1 Computing flow paths and flow accumulations 2 Delineating watersheds from DEMs 3 Delineating sub basins within a watershed 4 Using feature line streams to modify delineations 7 2 WMS Tutorials 7 2 Importing DEM Data The first step in delineating a watershed is to import one or more DEMs To read in a set of eight 30 meter DEMs from the 1 24000 series complete the following steps 1 Select File Open ao 2 Open covefort dem 3 In the Importing USGS DEMs dialog click the Add button 4 Add the following seven DEMs just as you did in the previous tutorial e josephpeak dem e marysvalecanyon dem e mountbelknap dep e mountbrigham dem e polemountain dem e redridge dem e trailmountain dem 5 Enter a thinning factor of 3 in the Thinning factor edit field Thinning the resolution of the DEMs will reduce the density of elevation points so that your comput
215. rmat for a 2D scatter point file ID X Y dataset 1 dataset 2 1 2343 32322 34 3 45 7 2 2348 32318 33 9 45 4 3 2350 32316 33 5 45 0 etc Figure 15 1 File format for 2D scatter point file 1 Select File New 2 Select No when asked if you want to save changes For this tutorial the scatter file has been created for you We will open it with a text editor to view how it is set up 3 Select File Edit File 4 Open wse txt Floodplain Delineation 15 5 5 Select OK to open the file with Notepad The datasets for the water surface elevations are named WSE1 and WSE2 The WSE1 data set might represent current water levels and WSE2 might represent expected levels given future developments such as a proposed levee 6 Close Notepad 15 3 1 Open the Scatter Point Data 1 Select Flood Read Stage File 2 Open wse txt 3 Select File Open as 4 Open flood tin 15 3 2 Delineate the Floodplain 1 Select Flood Delineate 2 Choose WSE from the Select stage data set list 3 Change the Max search radius to 1500 4 Toggle off the Flow path check box 5 Change the Number of stages in a quadrant to 3 6 Select OK 7 This will begin the delineation process for the first set of water surface elevations When WMS finishes delineate a new floodplain based on the second set of elevations 8 Select Flood Delineate 9 Choose WSE2 from the Select stage d
216. rner of the window 12 4 3 Saving and Reading Simulations You may wish to save this NFF simulation containing a state selected regions and defined variables If you are running a demo version of WMS you should skip this step 1 Select the NFF Save Simulation 2 Save the simulation to your computer The simulation may then be restored at a later date using the Read Simulation command in the NFF menu 3 Select File New 4 Select NO when asked if you want to save your changes 5 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module Y 6 Select NFF Read Simulation 7 Open the NFF file that you saved previously 8 Double click on the icon for Basin 1B Notice that although a simple tree network now represents your watershed all of the needed variables computed previously basin area lake cover is included in the NFF dialog 9 Select Done 12 5 Utilizing an NFF Region Coverage The NFF Region coverage type allows WMS to automatically determine which regression equations to use for an NFF simulation Additionally if a drainage basin overlaps multiple NFF regions the NFF Region coverage automates the calculations for the percentage of the watershed in each region You will now use an NFF Region coverage to automatically assign the region for an NFF simulation This coverage was digitized from an image that displays the NFF regions of Florida This image was obtained from the NFF documentation and you could make a similar map by
217. rresponding georeferencing information in WMS 1 Delete all of the images one at a time by selecting them and choosing the lt Delete gt key or by right clicking and choosing the Delete command 2 Select Images Import 3 Open richfield250b tif Because there is a world file named richfield250b tfw the image is automatically registered If a world file for a tiff image is not named with the tfw or for a jpeg it is not jgw then you would have the option of importing the world file from within the registration dialog 2 4 Registering Scanned Images Sometimes you will not be able to obtain a geotiff image or an image with a world file In this case you will need to register the image manually To do this you will need to know the coordinates of three points on the image These coordinates can be in either the UTM system or the geographic system Before you scan your paper image you will want to mark the three points you have selected with a so that you can easily find the points when you register the image in WMS We will use a part of a soils file as a scanned image that will be used later to develop a soils coverage and then later to compute composite curve number 1 Delete richfield250b tif from the Data Tree Images 2 5 2 Select Images Import 3 Open soils tif An image representing soil types will appear in the Register Image dialog Three small red x s are marked on the image these ar
218. s Select the option to create a data point at a specified spacing instead of at each arc vertex Change the Data point spacing to 1000 Select OK Click on the D Hyd Cross Section coverage to make it the active coverage Select River Tools Interpolate Water Surface Elevations Make sure the option is selected to create a data point at a specified spacing 10 Make sure the Data point spacing is set to 1000 11 Select OK 17 3 2 Floodplain Delineation gt A New tin i R 23 elevation elev sj MaswS FLOOD 23 Max w S_fd E MaxWS_wl This section will show you how to delineate the flood using the WMS floodplain delineation tools You will also learn how to adjust the display options to better display the results of the SMPDBK simulation 8 9 Switch to the Terrain Data module Select Flood Delineate Set the Max search radius to 5000 Select OK Expand the New tin Data Tree item to view the datasets associated with the TIN Expand the MaxWS FLOOD folder Select MaxWS_fd Select File Open 5 Open aerial jpg 10 Select Display Display Options Simplified Dam Break 17 11 11 Click on the Contours button 12 Toggle on Color fill between contours and set the transparency to 40 13 Toggle on the Display Legend option 14 Select OK twice to exit the dialogs The flood depths from the SMPDBK simulation can now be viewed as a spatial map
219. s of each branch 21 7 4 Editing segment properties Within each segment many individual properties must be defined These include the segment length the layer properties and the width computations Figure 5 shows the different parameters required for the segment thickness ki Figure 21 5 Segment bathymetry 21 12 WMS Tutorials 1 Switch to the segment coverage by highlighting the segment label in the upper right corner of the screen 2 Highlight the entire reservoir by holding the shift key and left clicking over each segment 3 Select Layers from the CE QUAL W2 pulldown menu 4 In the field labeled Top elevation enter the top elevation of the reservoir 5720 5 Press the compute storage capacity curve The computation of the storage capacity curve may take some time A visual display is generated showing the locations and elevations that are being modeled Figure 6 shows the CE QUAL W2 2 layer editor where the storage capacity curve is shown CE QUAL W2 Layer Editor g Storage capacity curve s for selected seqmentts Layer Generation Value Storage Capacity Curve Number of layers gt fi 0 00e 000 1 50e 009 3 00e 009 4 50e 009 Gds j Compute 5760 5720 5680 Add Layer Delete layer Calculate Widths 5640 Layer height 5600 5560 i 5520 0 00e 000 aha aaa 4 50e 009 6 00e NS E fa a i i i SC plot options Plot storage capacity curve Print SC curve Compute Top Elevation Top
220. s when Storm Drain writes the file Also all directory names in the path of the input output files cannot contain more than 8 charcters 10 Select OK 11 Once Storm Drain HYDRA has finished running select Close 12 Select File Edit File 18 14 WMS Tutorials 13 Open wms_st_r st 14 Select OK to open the file with Notepad By browsing through this file you will see all of the parameters calculated by the Storm Drain HYDRA model such as recommended pipe diameters pipe invert elevations flows velocities and hydraulic grade line computations 15 Close Notepad CHAPTER 19 Storm Drain Hydrographic Design Storm Drain is a hydraulic analysis and design program for storm drain and sanitary sewer systems It was developed by the Federal Highway Administration with the intent of providing hydraulic engineers a quick and accurate method of designing and analyzing storm drain sanitary sewer and combination systems The Storm Drain interface in WMS uses the same HYDRA program to perform calculations that is currently part of the FHWA s HYDRAIN suite of hydraulic programs This tutorial demonstrates how to use WMS to set up a Hydrographic Drainage simulation for use with Storm Drain We will set up drainage areas and Runoff Coefficients for a subdivision similar to the one in the previous tutorial but this time we will also specify gutter locations in the Drainage coverage As illustrated in this tutorial the pipe
221. saeeeeececeesssaeeeeeeeeeensaaeas 15 4 15 4 CREATING SCATTER POINTS WITH THE CHANNEL CALCULATOR ccccccccesccesesesesesesesesesesesesssessesess 15 6 15 5 DELINEATION FROM HEC RAS DATA ccccccccccccecssssseceeececeesssaecececececsesuececececseneaeeeseccesenentaaeeeeecs 15 12 15 6 CREATING A FLOOD EXTENT COVERAGE cccccccccecsssssseceeececsenseaececececsensnseceeececsensaaeeeeeccesesenneaeeeeees 15 17 15 7 CREATING A FLOOD DEPTH COVERAGE csssscsccececsssssseceeececeesseaececececsenssececececsensnseaeeeecesesenseaeeeeecs 15 18 15 8 T CONCLUSIONS rari bE EAN de occu ed oe EE E vealed eee Bi oe ORSON ele E HEC civ sos E E 15 18 16 STOCHASTIC MODELING USING HEC 1 AND HEC RAG cssccsssssccssssccecssscccessssceeesnee 16 1 16 1 OBJECTIVES anian rena cess ciceee led sds vebes Bede gases E pad eles cabacege Goeeu tba Saee T SLL ga SERGIO Cae a BRR 16 1 16 2 OPENING THE HEC 1 AND HEC RAS MODELS 00 c cece cccccccccccecesesesesesesecesesesesesesesesssesesesssssssssseseess 16 2 16 3 RUNNING THE STOCHASTIC MODEL c cccccscsesessscecececeesesssceseecceesesssaeeeeeceeeeaaeeeeececeenssaeeeeeeeeeeneaaeas 16 4 16 4 VIEWING THE RESUL TS kirren ze necicn sues E lth E S E E EEE EEE sarah ues 16 7 17 SIMPLIFIED DAM BREAK oiscesscccsdscssevecsetusccsetvosssvsveceosvececsetsetecedeccacsesecsavectsecessebassdunctvorvenecoestees 17 1 17 1 PREPARING THE MOD Dai a a a a ah oes a a eases 17 1 17 22 USING SMPDBK arena a a a a a a ad ested a
222. scanning or capturing if National Flood Frequency Program NFF Interface 12 9 electronic a map of the regions to create an image file registering the image to a recognized coordinate system digitizing the polygons most states have less than 10 regions so it would take only a few minutes to digitize and assigning the state and region Details on how to scan images and create polygons by digitizing are given in the tutorials on images and feature objects The USGS website for NFF has images available in the state by state documentation of the equations that can be saved directly and then registered in WMS In this example we will read in an image that has already been registered and polygons that were digitized from the image 1 Select File New N 2 Switch to the Map module aa 3 Select File Open 4 Open NFFmap FL jpg If the image is opened into the registration dialog do the next three steps otherwise skip them 5 Select the Import World File button 6 Open NFFmap_FLjgw 7 Select OK The image is registered using the three cross hairs with latitude and longitude values and the coordinate system converted to UTM NAD 27 Zone 17 in order to overlay with the DEM and Land Use Data For more details about how to use WMS to register an image see the tutorial on Images 12 5 1 Assigning Regions to Feature Polygons We see from the image that Florida has three regions A B and C You will now open a WMS map
223. se the Define Hydrographs button 19 8 WMS Tutorials 3 Select Done use the default settings for the Rational hydrograph method 4 Select Done 5 Double click on the outlet for the entire watershed the outlet of basin 3 in Figure 19 5 6 Choose the Define Hydrographs button 7 Select Done use the default settings for the Rational hydrograph method 8 Select Done At this point you should have hydrographs defined for the drainage coverage These hydrographs will be used as input to the storm drain problem 19 4 Creating the Pipe Network You will now create a storm drain pipe network that connects the isolated interior basin to the others and exits west of the watershed outlet You will do this by creating a Storm Drain coverage and then digitizing the storm drain pipes using the Create Feature Arc tool lgi 19 4 1 Digitizing Storm Drain Pipes N LIFA Map Data 1 Switch to the Map module RSLS y Expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree if it isn t already expanded CE Map Data Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree window ian coe fm 4 Select New Coverage gt General New Folder i ages Coordinate Conversion 9 5 Change the Coverage type to Storm Drain 6 Select OK 7 Select the Create Feature Arc tool fa 8 Beginning at a point just to the left west of the outlet of the watershed S basin 3 begin a pipe network segment and end it by double clicking on top of t
224. se the Frame macro A I to zoom out The set of streams and basins is now cleaned and ready to be used in hydrologic analysis 6 4 Feature Objects from CAD Data You may have CAD data available DWG and DXF data can be automatically converted to feature objects in WMS 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save changes N 3 Switch to the Map module Be 4 Select File Open ao 5 Open af dwg 6 Select CAD CAD gt Feature Objects The dialog that opens shows a check mark for each layer that will be converted to feature objects We will convert all layers and accept the default coverage type which should be Drainage and name which should be CAD layers 7 Select OK 8 Select OK to accept the coverage type and name 9 Select CAD Display Options 10 Toggle off the check box at the top labeled Display CAD data 6 14 WMS Tutorials 11 Select OK Because these lines were created in AutoCAD we can t be sure and in most cases they won t that the streams are created using the WMS conventions for direction In order to fix any such problems you can use the Reorder Streams command By selecting the most downstream node in a stream network and invoking the Reorder Streams command you tell WMS to ensure that all arcs are ordered downstream to upstream from the selected point 6 7 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool A Select the left most node in the interior of the basin the
225. section we will use water surface elevations computed as a result of a separate tutorial that builds a HEC RAS project First we will read a WMS project file that contains a TIN and then import a HEC RAS solution from a model developed from the TIN 1 Select File New 2 Select No when asked if you want to save changes 3 Select the Terrain Data module 4 Select File Open a 5 Open flood wpr CQ Terrain Data 6 To simplify the display we will hide some elements of the model pem 7 Expand the Terrain Data folder from the Data Tree if necessary 8 From the Data Tree hide the TIN by toggling off its check box 9 Select Display Display Options 3 10 Choose the River tab 11 Toggle off the River Hydraulic Schematic check box 12 Select OK 13 Switch to the River module Y 14 Select HEC RAS Read Solution 15 Open hecrun prj gt 07 Map Data 3ML Coverages Materials M 1D Hyd Centeri 3 Floodplain Delineation 15 13 The HEC RAS solution is read in as a set of scatter points with one water surface elevation for each cross section The floodplain delineation interpolation will work much better if there are more points than the sparsely spaced points that are part of the solution To increase the density of the scatter points we will interpolate between existing points to create additional points along the centerline and cross section arcs Since the water surface
226. shed Parameters such as loss rates base flow unit hydrograph method and routing data are entered through a series of interactive dialog boxes Once the parameters needed to define an HEC 1 model have been entered an input file with the proper format for HEC 1 can be written automatically Since only parts of the HEC 1 input file are defined in this tutorial you are encouraged to explore the different available options of each dialog being sure to select the given method and values before exiting the dialog The US Army Corps of Engineers now supports HMS rather than HEC 1 but the hydrologic calculations for the options within HEC 1 have not changed Results between the two models will be identical 10 1 Objectives As a review you will delineate a watershed from a DEM You will then develop a simple single basin model using the delineated watershed to derive many of the parameters Land use and soil shape files downloaded from the internet will be used to develop a SCS curve number CN value After establishing the initial HEC 1 model other variations will be developed including defining multiple basins with reach routing and including a reservoir with storage routing 10 2 WMS Tutorials 10 2 Delineating the Watershed Since the land use soil type and DEM data for our watershed all originate in the Geographic coordinate system we will begin by opening them together and converting them to UTM coordinates The land use and soil t
227. source and therefore an important part of using WMS for watershed characterization A DEM is a rigid data structure that contains a two dimensional array of elevations where the spacing between elevations is constant in the x and y directions In the US DEMs are downloadable from the internet at 30 meter 1 24 000 map series and 90 meter 1 250000 map series The USGS has recently deployed the National Elevation Dataset which is a continuous elevation map at 30 meter resolution Blocks of 100 MB or less can be downloaded for free from the NED website The Arc Info ASCII grid format is common throughout the GIS world and is common outside the US The basics of downloading importing editing and displaying DEMs will be demonstrated in this workshop Actually using the DEM for watershed delineation is the subject of the next workshop 4 1 Objectives In this workshop you will learn the basics of importing viewing and preparing DEMs for automated watershed delineation This includes the following 1 Importing USGS DEMs from different formats 2 Tiling multiple DEMs together 3 Editing DEM elevations 4 2 WMS Tutorials 4 Setting DEM display options 4 2 Getting DEMs from the Internet 4 2 1 In this part of the tutorial you will learn how to download DEM data from WebMET The Meteorological Resource Center at http www webgis com from GeoCommunity GIS Data Depot at http www gisdatadepot com or http www geocomm com and from
228. st 3 Select OK we will accept the default inundation limit and coverage name 15 18 WMS Tutorials The flood extent boundary is converted to feature lines and WMS will try to build a polygon enclosing the flooded area However in this case it reaches the boundary of the TIN and so a complete polygon is not available You could close the polygon manually be creating an arc to along the TIN boundary and then choosing to Build Polygons 15 7 Creating a Flood Depth Coverage The flood extent coverage essentially divides the watershed area into two parts flooded and not flooded However it is often necessary to know not only if an area is flooded but also how badly it is flooded It is common to divide the flooded area into zones each with a depth range In WMS these zones are created by making a flood depth coverage To create a flood depth coverage 1 Select Flood Conversion Flood gt Depth Map 2 Select W S Elev PF 1_fd from the Select Flood Depth Data Set combo box 3 Note the ranges and attributes of the five zones or flood classes 4 Select OK 5 Select the Zoom tool a 6 Zoom in to view the bottom portion of the main channel N 7 Switch to the Map module Be 8 Click on the Select Feature Polygon tool K 9 Double click inside a few of the polygons that have been created This will bring up the flood extent attributes which include the average flood depth for the zone 15 8 Conclusions After
229. swap edge 1 a flat triangle is created Fixing the flat triangle will remove both the flat triangle and the pit 4 Select TIN Triangle Remove Flat Triangles 5 6 6 Delineate Basin 1 Zoom out so that you can see the entire TIN 2 Switch to the Drainage module 8 3 Select TIN Define Basins 4 Select TIN Refine Boundaries 5 Select TIN Compute Basin Data 6 Select OK 5 7 Creating a TIN Using a Conceptual Model A conceptual model built using feature object data can be used to create a TIN This is important since an arbitrary triangulation of scattered data points may not produce a TIN that is suitable for drainage analysis i e triangle edges enforced along streams and ridges If you have a set of scattered data points it may be a good idea to triangulate them and then treat them as a background elevation map for creating a new TIN using a conceptual model Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 13 5 7 1 Open Files 1 Select File New 2 Select NO when asked if you want to save changes 3 Select File Open 4 Open trailmountain tif 5 Select File Open as 6 Open digitizetm tin 7 Zoom in around the x y z data 5 7 2 Triangulation 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module 2 Select Display Display Options g 3 Toggle Flat Triangles and Pits off 4 Select OK 5 Select TIN Triangle Triangulate 5 7 3 Creating Feature Arcs for a Conceptual Model 1 Select Displ
230. t OK Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so Select Display Display Options g Using Triangulated Irregular Networks 5 17 15 On the DEM tab change the Minimum Accumulation For Display to 0 005 mi 16 Select OK 17 Select the Create Outlet Point tool 18 Create an outlet as shown in Figure 5 15 Figure 5 15 DEM outlet 19 Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard 20 Select OK 21 Select OK 22 A new drainage boundary is created using the DEM data The basin data for this drainage basin is computed 5 9 Exporting Data to CAD Data that is visible on the screen can be converted to CAD data and then saved for use in CAD programs N 1 Switch to the Map module Ee 2 Select CAD Data gt CAD In order to view only the newly created CAD data we will hide all other data 5 18 WMS Tutorials 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hide the Map Data folder in the Data Tree by toggling its visibility checkbox off Switch to the Terrain Data module and hide the Terrain Data folder in the Data Tree sel Select Display Display Options g On the DEM tab toggle Color Fill Drainage Basins and Fill Basin Boundary Only off Select OK N Switch to the Map module Be Select CAD Display Options In the Visibility column toggle the Drainage_arcs off Select Apply Notice the CAD data that disappears when selecting this button Select Canc
231. ted from the TIN can now be used in setting up a Rational Method simulation of the urban development Each of the outlet points represents an inlet to a storm drain 1 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module w 2 Select Rational to be the current model from the drop down list of models in the Edit Window 3 Double click the basin icon for the basin labeled Upper in Figure 11 1 The Rational Method dialog should appear While this dialog is up you can continue to interact with the menus tools and windows of WMS As you select different basins the current parameters will be updated in the dialog Rational Method Interface 11 3 Lower Middle Figure 11 1 Basins 11 2 1 Defining the Runoff Coefficients and Time of Concentration The runoff coefficient C is used to account for losses between rainfall and runoff The more developed a catchment is the higher the C value it will have l 2 Enter a value of 0 20 for C Enter a value of 22 for Time of Concentration Select the basin labeled Small in Figure 11 1 by clicking on its basin icon or anywhere inside the basin you may have to move the Rational dialog slightly in order to be able to select the icon or you can close the rational dialog and then double click the icon representing the basin Enter a value of 0 35 for C Enter a value of 6 for Time of Concentration Repeat this process for the other two basins using the table below to fill in valu
232. th techniques typical to those described in earlier tutorials In order to prepare the drainage coverage for storm drain analysis we will eliminate all of the stream arcs except ones that lead into a given outlet a storm drain inlet in this case Having extra branching streams does not allow WMS to build the storm drain input file correctly So you must decide which arc represents the primary stream in this case a gutter into an inlet and then delete the others N 1 Switch to the Map module Be 2 Select File Open 5 3 Open sdstart map 19 2 1 Eliminating Unnecessary Stream Arcs and Nodes Figure 19 1 shows the drainage coverage with the extra streams highlighted In order to prepare the drainage coverage correctly you will need to delete these stream arcs Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 19 3 Figure 19 1 Initial drainage coverage with unnecessary stream arcs 3 4 highlighted Select the Select Arc tool K While holding down the lt SHIFT gt key for multi selection select the four arcs highlighted in Figure 19 1 Select the Delete Macro ga or Edit Delete Select OK You must now delete the extra nodes that were at the intersection of the arcs just deleted and the remaining arcs so that there is just a single arc entering the storm drain inlet points Select the Select Feature Point Node tool A While holding down the lt SHIFT gt key select the three nodes identified in Figure 19 2 be sur
233. th the cross sections that we just extracted from the TIN 14 6 WMS Tutorials Merging cross sections will create more accurate cross section geometry data Cross sections are merged by aligning both cross sections using reference points such as the thalweg or bank locations and then inserting points from one cross section into the other 14 5 1 Open channel cross section data l 2 3 Select File Edit File Open channel txt Select OK to open with Notepad or choose any other text editor or spreadsheet 14 5 2 Create a new cross section database l 2 Select River Tools Manage Cross Sections Choose the New Cross Section Database button Enter channelxsec for the File name Select Save 14 5 3 Define channel cross sections in the database The current cross section database should be channelxsec idx the one that you just created 1 2 Click on the Edit Cross Section Database button Click the New button to add a cross section to the database Select the Edit button to edit the cross section Click the Add button and enter 7 to add 7 points to the cross section Select OK Toggle XY off Copy and paste the cross section data for Channel Section 1 from channel txt opened in Notepad into the Cross Section Attributes Geom Edit tab as shown in Figure 14 2 Make sure to paste the data into the first row HEC RAS Managing Cross Sections 14 7 Cross Section Attributes 1340
234. the dialogs are closed For this tutorial we will use the cross sections as extracted from the TIN but often for a project you will need to edit a cross section or merge surveyed cross sections and other editing procedures This is the topic of a separate tutorial and therefore is not covered in detail here 13 10 WMS Tutorials 13 3 Creating the Network Schematic WMS interacts with HEC RAS using a HEC GeoRAS geometry file This file contains the cross sectional data used by HEC RAS in addition to three dimensional georeferencing data To create this geometry file the conceptual model must be converted to a network schematic diagram in the River Module To convert the conceptual model to a network schematic N 1 Make sure you are still in the Map module 2 Set the current coverage to centerline by clicking on it in the Data Tree 3 Select River Tools Map gt 1D Schematic 4 Your screen should appear similar to Figure 13 7 Figure 13 7 Schematic diagram Now WMS includes two separate representations of the data The first you created as a conceptual model which is stored as a series of coverages The second is a numeric model stored as a schematic of cross sections organized into reaches Modifications to the network schematic that can be used by HEC RAS can be made directly in the River Module or indirectly by editing the conceptual model in the Map Module and mapping to a new network schematic HEC RAS Analys
235. ually l 2 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module T Change the Model drop down box located at the top of the WMS interface to Rational 19 3 1 Defining Rational Method Basin Parameters 1 Double click on one of the basin icons using the Select Basin tool Bn and define the basin parameters according to Figure 19 5 and Table 19 1 Select another basin and define its parameters until all basin data is defined For more details on defining a Rational Simulation see the tutorial on Rational method analysis Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 19 7 Figure 19 5 Basin locations Table 19 1 Rational Method basin parameters Basin Cc l in hr Tc min 1 1 2 4 22 2 15 2 7 18 3 15 3 1 12 4 2 3 8 7 2 Select Done in the Rational Method dialog 19 3 2 Defining Rational Method Routing Parameters 1 Define the intensity and routing time where not dimmed for the four confluence points connected to the basins according to Table 19 2 As with basins reach data are entered by double clicking on the yellow outlet icons using the Select Outlet tool amp F Table 19 2 Rational Method routing parameters Outlet Routing Lag min I in hr 1 5 2 4 2 4 1 9 3 1 7 4 3 8 2 Select Done in the Rational Method dialog 19 3 3 Computing Hydrographs 1 Double click on the outlet for the isolated interior basin the outlet of basin 4 in Figure 19 5 2 Choo
236. ure 8 13 Changing vertices to nodes 3 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node 8 5 3 Interpolate Elevations 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module 2 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the first numbered arc in Figure 8 14 K Figure 8 14 Interpolation arcs 3 Select DEM Edit Elevations 4 Select the nterpolate button 5 Select OK Editing DEMs 8 15 6 Repeat the same process for each of the numbered arcs 8 5 4 Convert Arc Nodes to Vertices Convert the nodes that were created in Section 8 5 2 back to vertices in order to offset the entire arc at once N 1 Switch to the Map module 2 Use the Select Feature Point Node tool to select the nodes that were converted from vertices using Figure 8 13 3 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node 8 5 5 Offset Elevations Offsetting the elevations of smoothed cells along the stream arc will make a definite stream in the DEM 1 Switch to the Terrain Data module 2 Use the Select Feature Arc tool to select the original arc shown in Figure 8 11 K 3 Select DEM Edit Elevations 4 Select the Offset elevations by a constant button 5 Enter 2 6 Select OK 7 Select OK 8 5 6 Run TOPAZ 1 Switch to the Drainage module B 2 Select DEM Compute TOPAZ Flow Data 3 Select OK 4 Select OK 8 16 WMS Tutorials 5 Select Close once TOPAZ finishes running you may have to wait a few seconds to a minute or so 8
237. us you can exit the parameter editing dialogs l Click OK in the HYDR dialog 2 Click OK in the Reach Reservoir Activity dialog 3 Click Done in the Edit Parameters dialog 20 12 WMS Tutorials The input for all land and reach segments is now complete in the model The last task before saving and running the HSPF model is to assign Mass Links 20 6 Creating Mass Links Mass Links control how materials water sediment constituents are transferred from land segments to reaches and from one reach to the next Conversions in units such as inches acre per day of runoff gt cubic feet per second are defined in the Mass Links also You will enter Mass Links to transfer water from land to reach and from reach to reach for this model 1 Select HSPF Mass Link Editor 2 When you enter the Mass Link Editor it is set to begin adding deleting mass links for PERLND segments Set the fields to the values below Volume Volume Volume Member Multiplication Target Target Target Member Name Group Name Factor Name Group Name PERLND PWATER PERO 0 083333333 RCHRES INFLOW IVOL Note 0 0833333 is the conversion for inches acre per day gt cfs 1 Click Add Link if you make a mistake select the link in the window and click the Delete Link button 2 Change the Segment Type upper left to IMPLND 3 Set the fields to the values below Volume Volume Volume Member Multipl
238. uses and CN s Type A Type B Type C Type D D Name CN CN CN CN 11 Residential 61 75 83 87 13 Industrial 81 88 91 93 22 Orchards Groves Vineyards Nursuries 36 60 73 79 9 6 2 Computing Composite Curve Numbers In order to compute composite curve numbers WMS needs to know which type of soil underlies each area of land You will need to create a soil type coverage create soil type polygons and enter soil type data in the same manner as for land use For this tutorial this has already been done for you You will need to read in this file 1 Select File Open 2 Open soils map 3 Make sure the Select Feature Polygon tool is still the active tool Time of Concentration Calculations and Computing a Composite CN 9 13 4 S Select Feature Objects Attributes Select Soil ID 0 from the WMS soil ID list You will note that a soil with ID 0 is automatically assigned to be Type A Similarly ID 1 is B 2 is C and 3 is D 6 7 8 9 10 11 Select Close Select Display Display Options g Toggle on Color Fill Polygons Switch to the General tab Toggle on Soil Type Legend Select OK Now it is easy to see which soil types are assigned to which polygons 20 21 Select Display Display Options g Toggle off Color Fill Polygons Select OK Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes Make sure
239. ustrated in Figure 10 1 10 6 WMS Tutorials Figure 10 1 Zoom in on the area bounded by the rectangle above 10 11 12 13 14 Select the Create outlet point tool Create a new outlet point where the tributary you just zoomed in on separates from the main stream as illustrated by the arrow in Figure 10 1 Make certain that the outlet point is on the tributary and not part of the main stream Also the outlet needs to be inside one of the flow accumulation blue cells WMS will move the outlet to the nearest flow accumulation cell if you do not click right in one of the flow accumulations cells ux Select the Frame macro akl Select DEM Delineate Basins Wizard Select OK Select OK You have now completed the delineation of a single watershed In order to make the view clearer for defining the hydrologic model you can turn off many of the DEM and other display options 15 16 Select the Display Options macro g On the DEM tab toggle off the display for Watershed Stream Flow Accumulation and DEM Contours HEC 1 Interface 10 7 17 On the Map tab toggle off the display of Vertices 18 Select OK 10 3 Single Basin Analysis The first simulation will be defined for a single basin You will need to enter the global or Job Control parameters as well as the rainfall event loss method and unit hydrograph method 10 3 1 Setting Up the Job Control Most of the parameters required for a
240. verage precipitation value of 1 and a CRVNBR value of 3 to these basins 16 3 Running the Stochastic Model For this tutorial we have assigned key values only to HEC 1 parameters namely precipitation and Curve Number However WMS also allows key values to be assigned to Manning s N values for the HEC RAS model and Search Radius for the Floodplain Delineation model 16 3 1 Setting Up the Model 1 Select HEC 1 Stochastic Modeling Stochastic Modeling Using HEC 1 and HEC RAS 16 5 Users can choose either a Monte Carlo or Latin Hypercube approach to generating values for the stochastic model We will use the Monte Carlo approach for this exercise When using the Monte Carlo method we must specify the number of simulations that we want to run With the Latin Hypercube approach instead of specifying a number of simulations we enter a number of segments for each variable The total number of simulations for a Latin hypercube run is equal to the product of the number of segments for each variable If we have 3 variables with 3 segments each then a Latin Hypercube model will run 27 times Users also specify maximum minimum and starting values for each stochastic variable 2 Select the Monte Carlo option for the Simulation type 3 Enter 5 for the Number of simulations 4 We specify 5 simulations for this tutorial in the interest of time Remember though that statistical studies indicate that in order for the generated values to
241. xporting the Flow Data Once flow data is computed it may be exported to a text file in the format shown in the window along with pertinent information used in computing the peak flow values 1 Select the Export button 2 Locate a directory and define a name for the file 3 Select Save The exported file can be viewed using any word processor or inserted into a separate report document 12 4 2 Generating a Hydrograph The NFF program provides a way to determine an average hydrograph based on the computed peak flow and a basin lag time A dimensionless hydrograph is used to define a basin hydrograph for the watershed based on the computed peak flow 1 Scroll down in the Results window if necessary and select the line of text corresponding to a Recurrence years of 50 2 Select the Compute Hydrograph button 3 Select the Compute Lag Time Basin Data button 4 Change the Method combo box to the Custom Method the very last one in the list 5 Select OK The computed lag time in minutes is shown in the lag time edit field 1 Select OK 2 Select the Done button A hydrograph icon will appear next to the basin icon for Basin 1B You can examine the hydrograph in more detail th 1 Select the Select Hydrograph tool 2 Double click on the hydrograph icon 12 8 WMS Tutorials The hydrograph is displayed in the Graphics window 3 Close the hydrograph plot window by clicking on the X in the upper right co
242. y Options g 2 Select the DEM tab 3 Change the Min Accumulation For Display to 1 5 and select OK You should now see only a few large stream branches 7 3 1 Drawing Flow Paths WMS can draw a flow path from any point on a watershed to the eventual outlet 1 Choose the Flow Path tool l 2 Click on any portion of the DEM and see the resulting flow path 3 After you have drawn a few flow paths choose the Refresh tool to clean up the image 7 4 Delineating Watersheds from DEMs WMS uses the data computed by TOPAZ to delineate watershed basins 7 4 1 Creating the Basin Outlet 1 Zoom in around the area shown in Figure 7 2 7 5 DEM Delineation Figure 7 2 DEM Zoom Area 1 Choose the Create Outlet Point tool 9 eS os Ize ot r N Stand 2 G Wa a 5 Lg Se I Ki 2 Place the node just upstream of the branch junction shown in Figure 7 3 TARON NALAR if mAN Figure 7 3 Drainage Outlet Location ux Choose the Frame macro HH l 2 Select DEM DEM gt Stream Arcs 7 6 WMS Tutorials 4 5 Turn on both the Display stream feature arc creation option and the Use feature points to create streams options Set the Threshold value to 0 3 Select OK By creating a point on a lower stream branch you defined a watershed outlet WMS then used the flow direction and accumulation data from TOPAZ to convert the TOPAZ streams into stream feature arcs 7 4 2 Defin
243. ype data were downloaded from the EPA website The DEM data used for this watershed were previously downloaded from the National Elevation Dataset as was demonstrated in the DEM basics tutorial Select File Open S Select NED GRIDFLOAT Header hdr from the Files of type list of file filters Find and open 67845267 HDR Select OK When prompted if you want to convert the current coordinates select No 10 2 1 Create Land Use and Soil Coverages l If it is not expanded yet expand the Map Data folder in the Data Tree window by clicking on the plus mark next to the folder icon Right click on the Coverages folder in the Data Tree Select New Coverage Change the Coverage type to Land Use Select OK Create a new coverage once again and set its Coverage type to Soil Type 10 2 2 Open the Soils Data 1 2 3 4 2M GIS Layers 5 E statsgo shp Make sure the Soil Type coverage is active in the Data Tree Switch to the GIS module Select Data Add Shapefile Data Open statsgo shp Expand the GIS Layers folder in the Data Tree if necessary HEC 1 Interface 10 3 6 Right click on statsgo shp layer in the Data Tree 7 Select Open Attribute Table Notice that the table has three fields named AREA PERIMETER and MUID 8 Select OK 10 2 3 Join Soils Database File Table to Shapefile Table 1 Right click on statsgo shp in the Data Tree 2 Select Join Table to Layer 3 Open statsgoc dbf
244. zed Before beginning branch identification the coordinates will need to be converted from U S survey feet to meters if this was not performed at the beginning This cannot be performed after obtaining the lengths of the branches since the measured lengths will not be converted along with the contours and polygons 21 7 2 Branch identification Each branch must be given its corresponding identification as created in the System Modeling step 1 Select the select polygons tool pS Switch coverages to branch by highlighting the branch coverage in the upper right corner of the screen 3 Double click on the main branch to bring up the Polygon Branch attributes 4 Select the Initialize branch properties button if it is not already selected Give this a Branch ID of 1 Check the box for Main stem eR Select the length of segment tool 8 Click at the most upstream part of the branch You will generally want the length of the branch to be equal to the average length of flow that will occur in a branch To account for a curved flowpath you can add as many points along the line as desired ON As you trace the line through the branch it is best to click at or in each segment to provide a better representation of the orientation of the branch and it s segments Avoid using one line to span multiple segments rather click at each segment for better results 9 End the line by double clicking along the most upstream part of the branch

WMS Tutorial - The University of Texas at Dallas

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