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SC3-RAV™ 2015 - Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd.

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1. Continue Pending Transfer Ez Continue Pending Transfer allows pon to resume a Transfer In that wou have already started Y au should already have copied a license on to the floppy disk via a Transfer Out from an authorized site Insert the transfer disk into your computer s floppy drive and press Nest This should be the same disk that you used hor the previous steps in the transfer process IF vau are using a drive other than drive A enter its path here 5 Browse Cancel Figure 9 Continue Pending Transfer Window STEP 13 If you did not exit the program on PC 2 the program window appears as follows Protected Calculator License Configuration Prograrn License Help E Panelen to director Gi rante cubic another computer Transfer in from another computer t Rllitense CrypKey Instant Demonstration This iz the configurable message box If this were your program you can easiby put your custom tailored message here You can even put our oven hotlink to you Web or email like this Crypkey Canada Inc salesigicrypkey com J To demonstrate the power of Crypkey Instant we have protected the familiar Calculator program This is set to give a 3 run trial automatically but you can give customers runs or time trials of any size Once the trial has expired to continue Figure 10 Window resuming operation of program on PC 2 Version 15 0 1 gm
2. K 14 Implementation of equations 13 and 14 and Figure 50 assumes that an analysis of a stratigraphic layer with constant O is being carried out In this case as the relative spacing between the seismic sensors increases within the constant O stratigraphic layer where K z Q so does the relative arrival time 77 All analysis techniques which estimate absorption require that the full waveforms 1 e p t Nett y t z t be processed This implies that the polarization technique must firstly be implemented as outlined in Section 3 2 2 on the recorded seismic traces so that the full waveforms are derived and stored for later processing Rectangular time windows are applied to the full waveform seismic data under analysis so that spurious time series recordings and measurement noise are minimally incorporated into the spectral ratio analysis Stewart amp Campanella 1993 The rectangular time window has an amplitude of 1 0 within a time span between f and f Start time t is defined as the time location when moving back in time two zero crossing from the time index of the maximum pulse End time f is defined as the time location when moving forward in time one zero crossing from the time index of the maximum pulse The application of a rectangular time window typically results in a seismic trace containing two pulses as shown in Figure 56 The steps in implementation of the Spectral Ratio technique for Interv
3. 0 1 0 1 A F 7 000 0 9055 0 0000 N A 8 000 0 9137 0 8427 B 9 000 0 9268 0 9476 A In this file the first column is the Depth of acquisition the second column outlines the Linearity for the associated depth a value approaching 1 0 is highly desirable the third column outlines the Cross Correlation Coefficient CCC between the full waveforms calculated at sequential depths while the fourth column provides the Interval Velocity Classification IV C for a specific depth The classification is based on both the full waveform linearity values at that particular Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 31 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software depth and the cross correlation coefficient between the full waveforms calculated at sequential depths which gives the investigator an indication of the similarity between these two waveforms using the following equation IVC Linearitypepmi Linearitypepth2 CCC her n Depthl and Depth2 3 This value is then converted into a grade ranging from A to F as shown below where A is highly desirable and F 1s unusable Classification 0 1 A F 0 9 to 1 0 0 8 to 0 9 0 7 to 0 8 0 6 to 0 7 lt 0 6 aad The Load Files and Apply button allows the user to select the seismic files to have full waveform implemented Once the seismic data files have been specified the Cascadable Filters dialog box appears to allow the user to define the desired digital filters with their corresponding pa
4. PERE IA NN Display Filtered ON Overlay Traces OFF Filter GUI FFT Display OFF Display Pre trigger ON Normalize Locally OFF Print Preview Export Preview bA Show Title 200 Time ms CAE Aj B Dverlay Traces OFF Filter GUI FFT Display ON Display Pre trigger OFF Normalize Locally OFF Print Preview Export Preview bA amp Show Title DB T qe ege Wee dee sae deeg fe BEE eebe 0 06 baso 0 04 0 02 0 08 qoe A aaa A a e Adis e ell 0 06 4 4 EE T em MM pom E deed 0 02 qe pee EEN dE T he Tocina ei 0 08 4 pr Jan e 0 06 4 A freedeg m M ii a a eedem e M cht rt E EE EE i 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Frequency Hz Version 15 0 1 Figure 78 Seismic trace in View Seismic Data software option A filtered B Overlaying unfiltered seismic time series onto filtered time series C With pre trigger data displayed D Frequency spectrum of seismic time series Page 55 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 4 2 Display Standard VSP Specify Seismic Profile Data When the user selects the Display Standard LI H SG RAV Fugro Manual 2013 SCH Dac Pro Data v Search SC3 Dac Pro Data p VSP option the file input dialog box shown E n nl XX Favorites Name Jate modifie ype In Figure 79 appears The user Can I
5. Y En y SCH a Figure 81 Filtered Standard VSP Display seismic trace profile I To obtain accurate interval arrival times utilizing the trend line specification it is mandatory that the user selects the appropriate time index at the exact depth of the probe from which the seismic data was recorded Alternatively if check box Enable Closest Depth is enabled the SC3 RAV software relates back to the closest data depth when specifying trend lines Version 15 0 1 gm Page 57 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software As shown in Figure 81 immediately above the display there are 13 buttons to assist the user in working with this display The function of these buttons can be described as follows Zoom in to scale the seismic amplitudes up in 10 increments Zoom out to scale the seismic amplitudes down in 10 increments Edit Chart to allow for chart formatting printing and exporting Show PP to enable and disable the display of peak particle values PP Type to select the peak particles values to be displayed 1 e acceleration velocity or displacement Export Arrival Times to allow for 1 EE Arrival Time Saving and Exporting calculating arrival times from relative arrivals and reference to obtain true arrival times from the VSP estimated relative arrivals 2 saving arrival Calculate Arrival Times from Helative Arrivals and Reference Time Depth m 0 Arrival Time ms 0 N A Save Export Cal
6. 3 00 m 1554 m s As shown in Figures 84 86 immediately above the display there are 12 buttons to assist the user in working with this display The function of these buttons can be described as follows e Edit Chart to allow for chart formatting printing and exporting e Show PP to enable and disable the display of peak particle values e PP Type to select whether the acceleration velocity or displacement values of the time series data are displayed e Normalize to allow either local or global normalization of the data e Arrival to select the axis component Oe X Y Z or full waveform from which the relative arrival time will be calculated e GUI to open the graphical interface box shown in Figure 63 e Read Data to allow easy display of output data after the application of Batch Polarization Analysis and Signal Decay by automatically opening the Full Waveform directory e Save to save the latest defined chart settings within the sc3rav ini file for future applications Load to enable the latest defined chart settings Legend to enable and disable the display of chart legend Print Preview to open the Print Preview dialog box see Figure 76 Export Preview to open the Export dialog box see Figure 77 Below the row of buttons there are various checkbox and icons e Display Site Information checking this box allows to user to display the SCPT Site Information below the graphs e The user can specify the chart title
7. 70 Figure 95 File selection dialog DOK cranesanciosaneiedeconttedanensnecsnmeaennsanacaidiaatisewsstinnsesaseuaseacebinaaenadomaceens 71 Pince 99 Chart Eaitine Dualo E IZ Figure 100 Chart Printing Dialog e 72 Version 15 0 1 Wi Page vu BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 What is SC3 RAV SC3 RAV is a Windows program which facilitates comprehensive Downhole Seismic Testing DST data reduction analysis and display The user is provided with an extensive set of mathematical tools and patented algorithms to derive DST interval velocities and absorption values as well as to quantify vertical seismic profiles In addition SC3 RAV allows the review of frequency spectra the comparison of both unfiltered and digitally filtered traces and the plotting of interval velocity profiles SC3 RAV also provides extensive chart editing plotting and exporting functionality SC3 RAV includes the following features Configurable for either geophones or accelerometers Extensive frequency spectrum analysis Bandpass high pass low pass and notch digital filters Polarization analysis Quality assessment of estimated interval velocities Ability to rotate the X Y and Z source wave responses onto a single full waveform axis Ability to rotate the X Y and Z responses onto the P SV SH raypath coordinates Seismic source wave incident angle estimation Attenuation analysis and abso
8. 8 this process 1s repeated until all files have been processed after which the user clicks on the Close button 5SC3 RAV 2013 Figure 4 Output message for successful SEG2 data conversion Version 15 0 1 gm Page 3 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 2 2 1 2 Data Conversion in Batch Mode In the SEG2 batch conversion process it is assumed that the files are time stamped synchronously with each subsequent depth increment However the program allows not only file sets that start at the surface which each subsequent file taken at a greater depth but also sets that start at depth which each subsequent file taken at a shallower depth The conversion process in batch mode is as follows l in data file converter dialog box see Figure 2 enable check box Enable 2 in the same dialog box specify whether the DST investigation starts at depth enable check box Decrement Depth or at surface disable check box Decrement Depth optionally enter update desired site information by selecting the Site Info Specification button see Figure 6 specify for the file set e Source Radial Offset m e Source Radial Depth m e File Type i e ASCII or binary The values for Source Radial Offset and Source Radial Depth are saved within the SC3 RAV ini file and become default values for these parameters on a subsequent execution of the SC3 RAV program e Polarization i e Right Left or None e starting Prob
9. _ SCPT408530_0L3 6 2010 11 46 30 aci ACI File 1 392 KB _ SCPT408S30 OR3 6 2010 11 47 03 aci ACI File 1 392 KB _ SCPT408S30_OR3 6 2010 11 47 39 aci ACI File 392 KB _ SCPT408S31_OL3 6 2010 11 51 48 aci ACI File 392 KB _ SCPT408S31_OL3 6 2010 11 52 14 aci ACI File 1 392 KB _ SCPT408S31_OR3 6 2010 11 50 50 aci 3 06 201 ACI File 1 392 KB _ SCPT408S31 OR3 6 2010 11 51 17 aci 03 06 2010 11 51 AC File 1 392 KB _ SCPT408S31_713 6 2010 11 54 32 aci 03 06 201011 54 AC File 1 392 KB l _ SCPT408S31_7L3 6 2010 11 55 4 Type ACI File File 392 KB I SCPT408S31_7R3 6 2010 11 55 Dare modified 03 06 2010 11 54 am FF File ke _ SCPT408S31_7R3 6 2010 11 56 05 3708 SOTA File 1 392 KB m File name SCPT408531 7R3 6 2010 11 56 05 aci SCPT408S1_0L3 6 2010 8 30 07 aci SCPT408S1_0L3 6 2010 8 30 33 aci SCP ASCI files aci H SC3 RAV will then create the following subdirectories ALeft SideV ARight SideV ALeft Side Full Waveform Right Side Full Waveform ALeft Side Full Waveform Signal DecayV Right Side Full Waveform Signal Decay Reverse PolarityV SCPT ResultsV If the SC3 DAC automatic file naming convention was used for the raw seismic data files the files are then also autonatically moved to the appropriate directory If multiple Stacked files were acquired and saved at each depth interval it is recommended that the user selects on
10. and Printing eese 72 Chapter 7 Window Submenu Options ooccccoccncnnccnoncnnnnncnnnncnnoncnnonncnnnnnonnnncnnonncnonnannnncnnonoss 73 Chapter 8 Help Suben O PONS sia aida EE 73 Appendix 1 Baziw E J 1993 Digital filtering techniques for interpreting seismic cone data Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol 119 No 6 ASCE 98 1018 eere 74 Appendix 2 Baziw E J 2002 Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method Can Geotech J vol 39 pp 1 12 75 Appendix 3 SCI RAV 2014 Installation Procedure eese 76 Appendix 4 USB Flash Drive License Transfer Procedure eese 78 Appendix 5 License Removal Procedure esses eene nennen ens 85 Version 15 0 1 gm Page iv BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software List of Figures Figure 1 Main Menu and Tool Bar in SC3 RAV o oo ecccccsecccceeeeeeceeeeeceeeeeceseeeceseeseeeaaaees 2 Figure 2 Geometrics SEG2 data file converter dialog box eese 2 FEis ure 2 SEG Hie qnput dialog DORK ww icachecsinansesciescieaceweadnncesanaonseacctseeebuesonstisasaenoloasaoebimoneiaasiucsoans 3 Figure 4 Output message for successful SEG2 data conversion essere 3 Figure 5 Geotech Data Conversion dialog box esses eene nnns 5 Figure 6 Site Information dial
11. as described in Chapter 4 of this manual Utilities as described in Chapter 5 of this manual Window as described in Chapter 7 of this manual Help The desired option is chosen either by moving the mouse over the desired option and pressing the left hand mouse button by pressing function lt F10 gt on the keyboard and selecting the desired highlighted option or by pressing the corresponding underlined menu item letter on the keyboard The program can also be operated by clicking on icons The toolbar of SC3 RAV M as illustrated in Figure 1 consists of 23 different icons e Convert data into SC3 RAV format Calculate Interval Velocity Apply Polarization Analysis Apply Attenuation Analysis Apply Data Stack Apply Data Interpolation Apply Signal Decay Change Polarity Calculate Shear Modulus View Seismic Data Display Standard VSP Display X Y Z Full Waveform 3D Display Display Interval Velocities Default GUI Settings Specify Sensor Type and Units Specify Full Waveform Component Sort SH Data Files and Create Working Directories Version 15 0 1 gm Page 1 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software e Cascade e Tile Horizontally e Tile Vertically e About e Open User s Manual File Seismic Analysis View Utilities Window Help HUME MAME MEME II OL ELS IM HE Figure 1 Main Menu and Tool Bar in SC3 RAV 2 2 File Submenu Options The File option provides the user with 4 options Convert S
12. hu ri m s 2 Ft C o ORO GH dg CH I L AS Amy Wirt OO D teea TF5 E II 250 Time ms 300 Figure 88 Typical 3D Display same data as in Figure 87 but now filtered and chart copied to clipboard as described below taci n et is ee yg cc o EE EE is EE a a ucc m c SSS e e o wm e e e e e e e o e e e e e e e e d e e e e e e e e e d e e e e e e e e e wll e e e e e e e e e Me ete cs cs a a O ar e e e e wm e e e we o e we wm wm e AAA e e wm d e e o wm en e AR kd e e e e e e e e fr e e e e e e e e e d e e e e e e e Athen wm em e wm e e e i e e e e e e e em em ei em e e e e em e em em ei em em e em e em e e em e em em e em em em em em em HM d ae e e e e ee ek em e e e e e e e a e vm e e e em em we AN WW nt H AA a SSS m mm c eee FT ee ET EN ARANA PA m 07cm f mm E a roe ee 0 20 40 50 80 100 120 140 160 180 20C Time ms Figure 89 2D display of the FFT results of the filtered data shown in Figure 88 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 64 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software As shown in Figure 87 immediately above the display there are 8 buttons to assist the user in working with this display The function of these buttons can be described as follows e Re Filter the Cascadable Filters dialog box as shown in Figure 12 appears to allow specification of four different types of filters as well as the start time e FFT
13. layer boundary as a portion of the source wave is reflected and the wave front is refracted decreasing the amplitude for increasing velocity The signal amplitude A within a homogeneous medium at distance x from the source is related to the amplitude A at distance xo by A x Ao x xo e 79 n lt 0 1 In 1 it is assumed that the decay is due to only geometric spreading and absorption The amplitude decay term x xo corresponds to geometric spreading which is approximately but not exactly equal to R where R is the distance from the source in other words n 1 As outlined in 1 the decrease in amplitude of a seismic wave due to absorption is modeled as an exponential function and can be defined in both the distance and time domains Equation 2 outlines the mathematical expressions for the absorption of a seismic wave as it travels through a medium with a the absorption coefficient In the time domain the decrease in amplitude of the seismic wave is modeled as a cyclic exponentially decaying process where parameter h is referred to as the damping factor In this equation T and 4 are the wave s period note T f where f is the wave s frequency and wavelength respectively and V is the medium velocity A x Age or A t Age cos ot 2 where h ad T 0V and Q z aA zx hT The parameter O in this equation is referred to as the Quality Factor and is the standard term used in seismology for defining absorption The Qu
14. ms Figure 68 VSP in Figure 67 after application Figure 69 VSP illustrated in Figure 67 of an Initial Time of 60 ms after application of signal decay 3 7 Change Polarity The Change Polarity option facilitates the user in selecting a set of seismic data files and subsequently changing the polarity of the time series 3 8 Calculate Shear Modulus Shear Modulus Calculation The Shear Modulus Calculation option allows the user to specify and then read in an Ey Interval Velocity File CAJOBSASCPTADocumentationiSC interval shear wave velocity V output file and a mass density p text file to calculate B Interval Density File LCAJOBSASEPTA Documentation SC 2 Gmax values 1e Gmax p Vs The Interval lamas Units density values and Gmax values are then O kPa MPs GPa bas stored within the interval velocity file as new column entries A Begin Processing As is shown in Figure 70 the input values for the Shear Modulus Calculation are as follows Figure 70 Shear Modulus Calculation dialog box 1 Interval Velocity File This is the same output file outlined in Figure 17 2 Interval Density File This file contains the interval mass density values as is illustrated in Figure 71 The file should be specified in column format where Depth m and Depth2 m are the lower and upper depth of each intervals for which a mass density is given The mass density values must be given in units of kg
15. sampling rate specified when the data is acquired and will automatically reduce the seismic traces calculate and display the corresponding velocity accuracy and relative time shift Initial Time Start Time msec lll Enabled Low Pass Fillter Parameter Low Pass Frequency Hz 800 0 CY Enabled When the Process Data button is selected the Cascadable Filters dialog box appears see Figure 12 The cascadable filters are digital zero phase shift eighth order bandpass notch high and low pass frequency filters The user enables a filter by checking the Enabled box and specifying the mner appropriate frequency or frequencies see b below Figure 12 Cascadable Filters dialog box a Specify Start Time TO The Start Time parameter refers to removing seismic responses dominated by high impact amplitudes and high bandwidth signals traveling down the borehole or seismic cone SC rods This phenomenon can occur if the seismic source is close to the borehole or SC rods Figure 13 illustrates this high impact energy phenomenon It is sometimes not possible to filter these high impact signals with digital filters alone and therefore the user is instructed to specify the time after impact signal so that these responses can be removed prior to digital filtering For example referring to Figure 13 the user would Press middlle button to specify start point Double click left mouse button to clear selection Figure 13
16. selected which is also the default setting data previously stored in the database are overwritten and the new data are stored in the FMDSM database with measurement weights set to 1 However in a typical SH wave FMDSM analysis procedure the first arrival time estimates exported are estimates obtained from right side seismic traces acquired from the right side of the seismic probe full seismic waveforms 1 e Polarization Analysis applied with full waveforms mapped onto the X axis see Section 3 2 Next the estimated left side arrival times should be exported to the FMDSM database By selecting the option Average Record selected the estimated arrival times from the right side already in the database and left side will be averaged and stored in the FMDSM database with measurement weights set to 1 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 18 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 1 2 Reverse Polarity Technique The Reverse Polarity Technique dialog box is illustrated in Figure 31 In this option the user specifies four seismic data files to be processed outlined as follows Reverse Polarity Technique Polarized Files at Depthi The user encore ne selects two files which correspond to Dep ries reversely polarized waves acquired at the same depth Depth 2 Polarized Files at Depth2 The user selects two files which correspond to Polarized Files at Depth2 reversely polarized wave
17. Axis Y Axis and Z Axis has been enabled or disabled respectively This option was added in case the user does not want to incorporate the recordings for one or more specific axes within the analysis of the full waveform under the cross correlation technique Note It should be noted that whenever SC3 RAV is started the all axes are enabled but for SH wave analysis the Z Axis should be disabled Version 15 0 1 gm Page 70 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 5 4 Sort SH Data Files and Create Working Directories With this Utilities option the user can automatically create all necessary SH wave working directories When this software option is a selected a standard file open dialog box is displayed as shown in Figure 98 where the user can navigate to the directory where the seismic data resides select all acquired seismic data files for a specific DST or SCPT profile and then press interface button Open d Specify Seismic SH Data Files to Sort QC LocalDisk C JOBS BCE BCEClients Wiertsema amp Partners June6 2011 Data raw data SCPT 408 v Search raw data SCPT 408 E e e e e D e Figure 98 File selection Name Type Size 2 D pki Mara _ SCPT408S24_OR3 6 2010 11 18 10 aci ACI Fil
18. Browse button if necessary to supply the USB Flash Drive path then click Next The program reads the registration imprint file and then writes a matching file to the USB Flash Drive decrementing the license count at the source or discontinuing it if it is a single user license STEP 10 Remove the USB Flash Drive from PC 1 and return it to PC 2 STEP 11 Resume the program on PC 2 If you did not exit from the program in Step 5 proceed to Step 13 If you exited the program in Step 5 the following window appears when you start the program again Transfer License In There i already a transfer in progress This means you have already performed the initial steps of a Transfer In but chose to suspend the transfer until a later time Tou can choose to complete the pending transfer or start aver Warming Choosing Begin a new Transfer will delete the old transfer Information IF vau have already copied a license onto the floppy disk from the old transfer that license will be lost In this case select Continue Pending Transfer e Begin a new transfer Cancel Figure 8 Transfer in Progress Window Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 82 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 12 The above window simply advises you that you have previously initiated a license transfer To continue this operation click Continue existing transfer in the above window The following window is displayed
19. Illustration of high impact amplitudes and high bandwidth signals due to rod noise during a SCPT Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 9 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software specify a TO value of approximately 25 ms b Specify Filter Parameters The program offers four different types of digital frequency filters Bandpass Filter where the user specifies the desired upper and lower cut off frequencies Notch Filter where the user specifies the desired notch frequency Low Pass Filter where the user specifies the desired low pass frequency High Pass Filter where the user specifies the desired high pass frequency In each of these cases default values which are good starting points for inexperienced users have already been entered but these values can obviously be changed Generally the only frequency filter required is either the bandpass filter or the low pass filter For the bandpass filter both the low pass and high pass frequency must be specified to define the bandpass that isolates the seismic wave being reviewed Typically these values are set at 30 Hz and 120 Hz to 140 Hz respectively for a SH wave analysis For the low pass filter the cutoff frequency is normally set between 120 and 140 Hz The notch filter option is provided so that the user may remove unwanted frequencies such as those due to power supplies e g 60 or 120Hz or electrical transmission line effects and by checking the Remove Harmonics box the pro
20. Input dialog box Version 15 0 1 gm Page 8 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Figure 11 illustrates the dialog box for inputting these seismic data files It 1s very important that these files correspond to the depths of penetration where depth2 is greater than depthl In addition the sampling rate for the two traces must be the same and they should both be equivalently polarized However enabling check box Depth 1 2 Change Polarity allows for inverting flipping data in a specific file The Analysis by Pairs can be done either Automatically or Manually as explained in Sections 3 1 1 1 1 and 3 1 1 1 2 respectively and the user should specify the desired processing method Once the seismic files are inputted and the type of analysis is specified the Begin Processing button is selected Cascadable Filters Filter Selection and Specifications 3 1 1 1 1 Automatic Processing Bandpass Filter Parameters High Pass Frequency Hz 200 Enabled The Automatic Processing option refers to processing d 110 0 the in situ seismic data without displaying frequency E spectra and filtered traces This option saves Eeer Ggs substantial computing time but is only applicable Remove Harmonics if the user has insight into the frequency spectrum High Pass Filter Parameter of the seismic waves of interest It will use the High Pass Frequency Hz 60 Enabled
21. SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 6 2 Batch Option Signal decay can also be performed in batch mode in which case signal decay is 1 1 1 Band Filter P applied to the entire trace i e nep a E Decay Factor Disk 1 0 i 130 both front and back decay The Li am Floletence Axis Low Pass Frequency Hz 100 OQ XAxs YAxis 0 Z Axis Automated Signal Decay A t Aft ehit to where t gt to to initial decay time and h decay factor algorithm then applies a signal decay time window centered at the time location t of the absolute maximum amplitude of the seismic trace under analysis The signal decay time window is defined as the front end second Figure 66 User interface for Signal Decay batch zero crossing e moving back processing in time from 1 until the second zero crossing reached and back end second zero crossing from t Initial Time Start Time msec Load Files and Apply fl Close Figure 66 shows the user interface for this software option The nitial Time Decay ms and Decay Factor 1 ms are required user input The Decay Factor is defaulted to 1 0 As the Decay Factor is increased there is a sharper decay of the time series data at the specified time index The user interface also allows the implementation of a Bandpass Filter and the Initial Time parameter is as described in Section 3 1 1 1 1 Next the user presses button Load Files and Apply to select the files t
22. Site Key for SC3 RAV Run SCI RAV as an administrator On the first execution of SC3 RAV the interface below appears Email cut and paste BCE the Site Code e g 4858 EF59 323B 61CF 09 BCE email will then email the required Site Key for validation SC3 RAV 2015 License Configuration E Program License Help fe Program not authorized Site Code rl ate o ROSE Site Kep Walidate SC3 RAV 2015 SCPT Analysis Software To your Site Key please email your Site to infofmbcengineers com Version 15 0 1 gm Page 77 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Appendix 4 USB Flash Drive License Transfer Procedure This type of operation transfers a license from an existing authorized copy of an application on one computer to an unauthorized copy of the product on a second computer The transfer process does not jeopardize your license in any way and is completely secure because the USB Flash Drive is registered to a specific PC in a specific location This ensures the license can only be transferred to the target PC you specify Please note where the software shows floppy drive a USB flash drive can be used as the medium instead The procedure is illustrated by the transfer of the Calculator example program from PC 1 to PC 2 STEP 1 Ensure that you have an authorized copy of the application on PC 1 an unauthorized copy of the application on PC 2 and a USB Flash Drive inserte
23. aci are displayed The cross M hair displayed in chart window is moved around by the mouse with the corresponding time displayed in ms at the top of the chart The time window can be zoomed into a desired range by pressing the left mouse button and moving the mouse left to right The seismic traces are shifted left to right by pressing the right mouse button and moving the mouse The user can zoom out again by pressing the left mouse button and moving the mouse right to left The start time TO 1s selected by pressing the middle mouse button or Shift right or left mouse LINEA a PO NUN buttons The selected Start Time TO can be cleared i e Se by double clicking on the left mouse button The A AAA grey chart spacer allows the user to expand or igure 19 Graphically specifying the start time parameter Hook On zz oO zz NW X Amplitude mm s2 Y Amplitude mm s2 i D GA N Ei x N q CH So E E D T 3 it a M Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 12 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software contract the individual charts as Spectral Analysis wm FFT Type desired Once the start time has been 3 Cancel RE EFT O x Axis Y Axis Z Aris WUsers Gerald Dropbox BCE SCPT 2014 Soft defined by clicking on the OK button a Ce Geen High Pass Filter Low Pass Filter Start Time msec b NUM nane 60 nable nable nable at the top left of Figure 19 the HghPa LowPa amon Ell Ua 30 100 em
24. by entering it in the box and the chart title is displayed by checking the Show Title box The chart title font can be changed by clicking on the Font icon BM which opens a dialog box see Figure 75 Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 62 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 4 4 3D Display The 3D Display option allows the user to display the time series data for the X component Y component or Z component at various depths into a 3D display In this software option the user selects first the axis and then the files to be displayed as previously described for the VSP Display options Figure 87 illustrates a typical 3D Display where the time series data for the X component are displayed 3D Depth Profile Wd POD ema mi 38 gg e Re Filter FFT Normalize PP Type Animate Save Load Legend mmi Display Site Information j 200 250 Time ms aud Amplitude 13 172622 C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Manual 201315C3 Dac Pro Data SCPTS5_0L1_29 2013 3 14 26 PM aci Figure 87 Typical 3D Display data unfiltered These graphs in the time and frequency domains can illustrate very well how the earth acts as a low pass filter as the seismic source wave travels deeper into the soil stratigraphy a phenomenon directly related to the absorption Q value of the soil profile Version 15 0 1 gm Page 63 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software T m E T L zm we AE dia ha E A eee
25. for Source Radial Offset and Source Radial Depth are saved within the SC3 RAV ini file and become default values for these parameters on a subsequent execution of the SC3 RAV program e specify for each file by polling the selected data files forward and backward using the BB and BB buttons respectively the Polarization 1 e Right Left or None convert each individual file into the SC3 RAV data file format by clicking button ER The program then copies the converted Vertek data files into a subdirectory ASCII or Binary depending on the selected file type that is created in the same directory as the original Vertek files The converted data files are named as the Vertek file to be converted but appended as follows e the acquisition depth is inserted at the end of the file name along with the user specified polarity e extension ac is utilized for Vertek files converted to ASCII format while extension bin is utilized for SEG2 files converted to binary format For example Vertek file Z2901302S 001 is renamed as Z29013028 1 0799R aci for an ASCII file conversion for a trace recorded at a depth of 1 0799m and having Right Polarity if the conversion has been successful the output message shown in Figure 8 appears Alternatively the error message Error in Data Conversion is shown o eee he this process is repeated until all files have been processed after which the user clicks on the Close button SC3 RA
26. format This option is provided so that PE IU S output can be generated that is easily incorporated into a Word table or fosa tsimated interval Velocities Save Single Axis Velocity Estinae Excel spread sheet The user simply amp ES Okai vas 02M FWAis selects the appropriate axis to store and pometetarival Times NUR UTE then the store data push button EmE which facilitates specification of the Site Name N A single axis velocity filename A typical O OvewieRecod 0 Average Record output is outlined below where the X axis interval velocities have been saved to file Q XAxis YAxis Za xiss 6 All Axes Figure 28 Output after implementation of standard Batch Job Analysis ED File SeumucAmahun View Ubkter Window Help Bom Arie ag QEBLO NN NIE BOM 7B X Axis Interval Velocity eech m s B Enti Ones Dep 104 430 111 340 163 660 113 270 123 510 The user can obtain estimates of the arrival times for each depth increment by enabling check box Display and Calculate Arrival Times as outlined in Figure 10 In this case the user must first specify a reference arrival time and vertical depth based upon the first break for one of the seismic time series under analysis Figure 29 Estimating a reference arrival time of 48 ms at a vertical depth of 4 7 m The reference arrival time and depth values can easily be obtained by implementing the View Standard VSP Display as outlined in section 4
27. g SCPTNew by highlighting it within the scroll list of available sites on bottom of the user interface window and selecting the Filter Selected Site button Complete population of the new site by inputting all available depths and corresponding arrival times and weights as illustrated in Figure 38 Manually by selecting the database interface instead of moving to the bottom of the list After that the steps described under option 2 are performed Version 15 0 1 gm Page 23 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Arrival Times Specification Site Name Depth m Arrival Time ms Weight 0 VI ms Residual 1 ms V2 m s Residual 2 ms V3 m s Residual 3 ms SCPTNew 1 10 1 SCPTNew 2 15 1 Filter Selected Sie ShowAllSites SCPTDEMO SCPTMew Delete Selected Site Export IV for Selected Site Save as Text File Figure 38 Filtering a newly created database SCPTNew with the initial entries illustrated After selecting the desired DST site the user then clicks icon WEE to commence the implementation of the FMDSM This will return the program to the FMDSM main graphical screen previously illustrated in Figure 33 where icon Ss FMDSM algorithm The user may abort the FMDSM by selecting icon e Upon completion of the FMDSM M the screen shown in Figure 39 et Depth appears a graphical representation Mosa wa of the estimated interval velocities with ray tracing
28. implemented by checking box Ray Trace The color gradient of the graphic can be changed by selecting push buttons Start Mid and End Dial Steps allow the user to modify the color step increments in the interval velocity display The estimated interval velocities are entered into the selected database as shown in Figure 40 E S 3 a Receiver DI Amplitude Data Acquisition Messaging Figure 39 FMDSM graphical screen after completion of the interval velocity The results shown in Figure 39 are derived with the SCPTDEMO database provided within the SC3 RAV software installation package In this SCPTDEMO database there are measurements for depths from 0 5 m to 9 5 m with a depth increment of 1 In this example the Source Depth Offset is set to O and the Source Radial Offset 1s 1 0 m Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 24 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Arrival Times Specification M Site Mame Depth m Arval Time ms eight 0 1 m s Residual 1 m V m s Residual 2 ms 3 m s Residual 3 m ES SCPTDEMO 0 5 13 975 DU 0 SCPTDEMO 2 5 27 4555 104 0 SCPTDEMO 3 5 33 5112 148 5 0 SCPTDEMO 45 43 09 101 5 0 SEPTDEMO 5 5 50 097 SEPTOEMO fa 66 231 SEPTOEMO 9 5 70 8411 k SCPTDEMLU 3 5 75 823 iter Selected Site Ma 2001080 l Delete Selected Site 137 6 0 126 3 0 213 4 0 197 7 0 1 1 1 1 SEPTOEMO 255 81 4033 1 117 8 0 1 1 1 1 Export I for Selected Site I Save a
29. in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying or otherwise without the prior written permission of Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual we assume no responsibility for any errors or omissions nor do we assume liability for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this manual Version 15 0 1 gm Page 1 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software e ability to apply notch filter on harmonics within the Cascadable Filters e enhanced display options when viewing seismic data and displaying standard VSPs or full waveform VSPs e option to save or export user specified arrival times when displaying standard VSPs and to display previously saved arrival times when displaying standard VSPs e incorporation of new function as part of the batch operation of the polarization analysis to classify the quality of the calculated interval velocity values Version 15 0 1 gm Page 11 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Table of Contents IBI Re EE V Chapter 1 Introd Ue ee E 1 Mg Whati SC RAV ee 1 1 2 Organization of users manual 11 Chapter 2 Mat Men and Location tati I P MEE eu eso mmm I 22 AAA OUTRE 2 A e Esc OE O ene ee 2 2 2 1 1 Data Conversion on a File by File Rass 2 2 2 AO Conver on mn BA WEE 4 PAPA Conven Geotech AB Dala E 5 Did C ONTEN OE RE 6 Chapter 3 EE eege 7 3 1 Calculate Interval Velocities e
30. locations from the source Figure 49 illustrates typical DST system configurations for absorption analysis and the possible estimation methodologies are outlined as follows Large strain damping ratio is required for dynamic soil analysis Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 36 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Reference Signal Source S Interval Analysis determines the incremental decay ofthe MeL source wavelet as it bo n propazaes from one depth to the other Figure 49 DST system configuration for Interval and Cumulative attenuation analysis 3 3 1 1 Interval Analysis In case of Interval Analysis the user measures the decay of a seismic signal as it travels between two depths An estimation of the O factor for the depth interval is obtained if the lithology is such that the wave travels in a straight vertical ray from the source to the sensor otherwise an estimate of the cumulative Q is obtained Interval absorption analysis can be obtained by using a true interval DST configuration where there are two triaxial sensors separated by a specified distance that record the full seismic waveform or with just one triaxial package that records the full seismic waveforms as the DST probe is advanced into the ground However in case of the latter a repeatable ie constant energy source mechanism must be used to ensure the investigator is recording the decay of the repeatable source wave as it travels deeper into
31. m 3 Interval Gmax Units This interface allows the user to specify the units in which the Gmax values are to be stored Version 15 0 1 gm Page 50 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Depthl m Depth2 m Density kg m3 1 0 2 0 1500 2 0 3 0 1600 3 0 4 0 1700 4 0 5 0 1800 5 0 6 0 1800 6 0 7 0 1850 7 0 8 0 1850 8 0 9 0 1900 9 0 10 0 1900 Figure 71 Typical interval mass density text file After specification of the appropriate files and desired Gmax units the user selects the Begin Processing push button If the interval velocities and mass density depth increments are not synchronized a weighted average is calculated as is illustrated in Figure 72 If the depth of the interval velocities exceeds those of the given mass densities the deepest specified mass density value is utilized in subsequent calculations of Gmax Vs p p WP W2P gt p 1 Y h d where p W dx dx W dx dx and dx dx dx Figure 72 Calculation of the interval mass density when the interval velocity and mass density depth increments are not synchronized Figure 73 shows the appended density and Gmax values of a typical interval velocity output file after implementation of the Shear Modulus Calculation menu option The interval velocity file with shear modulus values appended has a name similar to the original interval velocity file name but with SM appended
32. rocks than methane saturated rocks Absorption is inversely proportional to formation pressure Q is inversely proportional to absorption The primary mechanism 1s friction along grain boundaries and cracks Q is approximately constant with respect to frequency over the bandwidth 10 mHz tol0 Mhz in both dry and saturated rock e Q is independent of temperature Two other important parameters utilized extensively within dynamic soil analysis and related to absorption are the ogarithmic decrement 5 and fraction of critical damping or damping ratio 7 which are defined as ge 5 In Pe ___ aT a1 2 0 3 amplitudeone cycle later d TI a 20 4 Shear and compression wave damping is typically defined as D ys 1 2Q and D np 1 20 respectively The unit of is nepers Np a dimensionless logarithmic unit of ratio similar to the decibel dB but in this case of the decibel base 10 logarithms are used to compute ratios while the neper uses natural logarithms The damping factor A and logarithmic decrement 0 are derived from the decay of a free vibration over a period defined as Tyamp 20 damp Where damp 0N 1 4r and Odamp 18 the dampened natural frequency of the soil The estimation of h and require that the soil mass is excited at its natural frequency and the decay of the free vibration no external force is quantified in terms of the logarithmic decrement Causal Filter A linear system is said
33. the ground 3 3 1 2 Cumulative Analysis In case of Cumulative Analysis the absorption of the seismic wave is estimated for each depth increment whereby it is assumed that the wave travels in a straight vertical ray from the source to the sensor This is accomplished by simultaneously recording the full seismic source wave at the DST probe and at the surface with triaxial sensors The derivation of the interval Q value based upon the cumulative data depends upon the mathematical technique being implemented In general terms a cumulative decay term is plotted versus the DST probe s depth and from this plot an interval Q value is derived Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 37 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 3 2 Spectral Ratio Analysis 3 3 2 1 Equation Derivation The mathematical representations of an elastic and anelastic i e attenuative wave in the depth domain z and frequency domain w 27f are outlined as follows Elastic wutz ol u 0 ae 5 Anelastic wutz ol u 0 ae eTA 6 Equation 6 implies that anelastic attenuation is a linear phenomenon In this equation a denotes the rate of attenuation and may be defined as follows a 5 oNV MQ 7 where V c is the dispersive velocity and Q o the dispersive quality factor Experimental data have shown that O is almost identically constant with respect to frequency over a large bandwidth 10 mHz to 10 MHz and this bandwidth encompasses the freque
34. with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 9 9 0 00001 and 6 6 0 00001 respectively Version 15 0 1 gm Page 69 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 5 2 Sensor Type and Units Sensors Utlilized and Units Preferred The Sensor Type and Units dialog boxes are shown in Figure 96 The Sensor Type Specification interface allows the user to specify whether an Accelerometer output proportional to particle acceleration or a Geophone output proportional to particle velocity is used This selection should be Geophone made prior to any analysis or displays described in Sections 3 0 and 4 0 The Desired Units user interface facilitates the specification Figure 96 Sensor Type and Units dialog of whether the particle velocities and boxes accelerations recorded are given in units of m s and m s or mm s and mm s respectively Sensor Type Specification Desired Units mn 5 3 Full Waveform Component Specification The Full Waveform Component Specification software option illustrated in Figure 97 allows the user to disable or enable X Y or Z axis recordings within the full waveform calculation and analysis Figure 97 Full Waveform Component Specification dialog box The absolute value of the full waveform 1s defined as o t JAx t By Cz t The constants A B or C are set to zero or one depending upon whether the related axis e X
35. 0 then there would only be a flat line which intercepts the nlN u z w Nzou zo w axis at the value of the apparent attenuation From 13 it is clear that an increase in Q will increase the power in the second Ge greater travel distance arriving source wave and higher frequencies will lose more energy compared to lower frequencies The loss in energy due to geometric spreading is constant for all frequencies and an increase in geometric spreading ie smaller N will result in greater energy loss uniformly across all frequencies note N lt 1 Figure 50 illustrates a plot of the spectral slope against the corresponding relative arrival time as the probe is advanced within the soil profile A linear regression best fit line is also shown in Figure 50 and the intercept of the spectral slope curve shown in that figure provides seismic geometric spreading information If the gain is already known eq 13 suggests that the geometric spreading can be quantified O can also be determined by the following expression If Vins V then S z T z V z travel distance V Y V At Y At where At is the one way travel time i l i l through layer i and V is the corresponding interval velocity Theoretically body wave motions decay with increasing distance as l r within the medium due to geometrical Spreading Version 15 0 1 gm Page 39 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software O where K is the derived slope
36. 06 2010 9 46 AM ACI File F jE Computer SCPT408512_0R3 6 2010 9 51 26 aci 03 06 2010 9 51 AM ACI File amp os C SCPT408513 OR3 6 2010 10 11 50 aci 03 06 201010 12 ACI File 2 SCPTA08S14 0R3 6 2010 10 117 ype ACI Fie CI File Cu Network SCPT408515_0R3 6 2010 10 1 5 ian 35 MB CI File 3 SCPT408516 OR3 6 2010 10 Date modified 03 06 2010 1012 AM ACI File Y 26 items selected Show more details File name SCPT408525_0R3 6 2010 11 22 05 aci SCPT4 v ASCI files aci cmn Figure 27 Batch Job Analysis dialog box Upon data processing completion the program displays the average depths the calculated velocities in each direction as well as the incident or full waveform interval velocities V together with the corresponding accuracies 9 and relative arrival times TS as is shown in Figure 28 The user can save these results to file eg for later nterval Velocity profiling by putting check marks next to the values to be saved all the results can be selected automatically be selecting the red check button T and selecting the graphical store data push button in panel Batch Job Results Version 15 0 1 Page 16 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software The panel Save Single Axis Velocity Batch Job Results Estimate allows for the user to save Penn i i ISy rs TSi interval velocity estimates of the X Y Z e 730 e or Full Waveform axis in a simplified 81000 81000 8100
37. 15 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 5 Data Interpolation This analysis feature allows the user to increase the resolution of the captured seismic data for post processing purposes which can be useful to obtain relative time shifts utilizing the cross correlation function to perform reverse polarity analysis or to specify trend lines in depth profiling In addition SC3 RAV M s Data Interpolation software feature allows the user to synchronize seismic time series data captured with differing sampling rates 1 e set data to same sampling rate Figure 62 illustrates the user interface for Data Interpolation with the two options Inline Time Series Interpolation and Save to File 3 5 1 Inline Time Series Interpolation Data Interpolation The nline Time Series Interpolation option of Data Interpolation linearly interpolates points within the seismic Resolution 1 time series with the specified resolution For example if the seismic time series data had a sampling rate interval of 0 3 ms sampling rate of 3 3 KHz increasing Resolution A ES Specily Files the resolution by 1 unit would decrease ea the sampling interval rate to 0 15 ms B e O Binay sampling rate of 6 6 KHz This option can be implemented as part of the Crosscorrelation Technique see paragraph 3 1 1 and if enabled the data sampling rate of the selected files is Figure 62 User interface for Data Interpolation increased by the amount specified within the Resolution te
38. 2 The user then selects a trace as near to the surface as possible where a clear arrival is present The reason for selecting a shallow trace is because the main impact of surface refraction occurs near surface For example Figure 29 illustrates a vertical seismic profile with the time series acquired at 4 7 m having an approximate first break arrival time of 48 ms The subsequent DST arrival times are then derived based upon the calculated crosscorrelation relative arrival times and the user specified reference arrival time and corresponding vertical depth The DST arrival times are important input parameters into the Forward Modeling Downhole Simplex Method FMDSM as outlined in Section 3 1 3 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 17 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software The panel Arrival Time Saving and Exporting allow for the user to save foen vw A w 4 d wi Oi mm mm e TSi estimated arrival times and exporting to ic ws oss ie ose 05750 1076 03823 81000 81000 81000 81000 the FMDSM database As illustrated in sx 2 osr 132 oso en 13526 08738 84000 81000 81000 81000 88 720 12396 09750 12396 0 9788 0 9792 123 96 0 9824 81000 8 1000 81000 8 1000 Figure 30 the Estimated Arrival Time S Won 12396 1 0000 12396 1 0000 1 0000 12396 1 0000 7 5000 7 5000 7 5000 7 5000 can be saved by selecting the appropriate radio button X Axis Y Axis Z Axis or All Axes followed by selecting button S The All Axes option saves the estimated arriv
39. 3 12 28 54 p m bin SCPTS5_0 Binary files bin Save Data As ASCII eem do Figure 60 Specifying the format to save stacked time series E e Specify Stacked Seismic Trace e e e e OL I Perry Drilling March5 2013 SCHT OSURS1_04_Raw y Search OSURS1_04 Ra ol Figure 61 e Specifying the directory e e H e and file name of the stacked time Name Date modified Type Sia gt 3 Favorites Series BE Desktop 12 SCPTS3 0L5 03 2013 12 20 59 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 21 BIN File l Downloads 12 SCPTS3_OR5_03_2013 12 11 36 p m bin 05 03 201312 11 BIN File Dropbox F SCPTSA OL5_03 2013 12 23 17 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 24 BIN File E Recent Places 3 SCPTSA 2R5 03 2013 12 25 28 p m bin 05 03 201312 25 BIN File 12 SCPTS5_OL5_03_2013 12 29 25 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 29 BIN Fi A Libraries E SCPTS5_OL5_03_2013 12 29 37 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 29 BIN File a Music LB SCPTS5 OR5 03 2013 12 28 39 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 28 BIN File iS Pictures 12 SCPTSS OR5 03 2013 12 28 54 pm bin 05 03 2013 12 29 BIN Fi B Videos 12 SCPTS5_OR5_03_2013 12 29 11 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 29 BIN Fi J SCPTS6 OL5 03 2013 12 31 30 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 31 BIN File Y adi Hamenrain S w File name Y Save as type Binary files bin Hide Folders Cancel Version 15 0 1 Page 46 BCE SC3 RAV 20
40. 8 10 12 52 PM aci Fitered Dato Fe C VOBSISCPTISoftware 201515C3 RAV2O15XEZdatalriofi aci Fitered 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 Time ms Unfiltered Traces X Component Y Component Z Component es ata File C WJOBSiSCPTWDocumentatiomisC3 R Av Fugro Manuali201 3idataiSC3RAWS3_7R05_07_08_10 22 60 PM aci Filtered HA T en m EN Y O A j j d ei e 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 Time ms Figure 21 Filtered X Y and Z component Figure 22 Superposition of filtered traces seismic traces for data files under study onto unfiltered seismic traces Once the user quits this display a question box appears as shown in Figure 23 and the user 1s asked whether he wants to re filter the seismic traces If the Yes push button is selected then the previously outlined procedure is repeated 1 e re specifying the frequency bands The reason for re filtering should be apparent from the wave signatures If the filtered waves appearing in Figure 21 are substantially different one or both should be re filtered so as to find waves with similar signatures Information If re filtering 1s not required the two filtered EE traces will be crosscorrelated and the cross correlation factors will be displayed as illustrated in Figure 24 The highest positive value in th
41. Axis Z Axis Print Preview Display Site Information Filter Overlay MN FFT MN Display Pre Trigger Data File ClUsersiGeraldiDropbodBCEISCPT 2014 SoftwareiSC3 DAC Pro 201 4 Simulatorisc3dacPro201 4S5CPTS1L7_3_2014 4 48 28 PM a 250 Time ms Project Name N A X ProjectNumber N A 1 Client N A 1 Test Number N A Y Location N A 1 Site Operator N A 1 Site Date 7 3 2014 11 21 43 AM Coordinate System N A 1 Coordinate X N A 1 Coordinate Y N A 1 Reference Level N A Water Level N A 1 Ground Level N A Time ms 381 30 Amplitude 23 894 Data Acquisition Message N A Figure 94 View gt Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 6 3 0 01 and 4 2 0 1 respectively Seismic Data s ig EB X Axis AY Axis El Z Axis Print Preview Display Site Information Fite MN Overlay BREET MN Display Pre Trigger Data File CiUsersiGeraldiDropboMBCEISCPT 2014 Software SC3 DAC Pro 201 4 Simulatorisc3dacPro2014 SCPTS1L 7_3_2014 4 48 28 PM a 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time ms Project Name N A X ProjectNumber N A 1 Client N A 1 Test Number N A Y Location N A 1 Site Operator N A 1 Site Date 7 3 2014 11 21 43 AM Coordinate System N A 1 Coordinate X N A 1 Coordinate Y N A 1 Reference Level N A Water Level N A 1 Ground Level N A I lt Time ms 12 390000 Amplitude 5 248981580 Data Acquisition Message N A Figure 95 View gt Seismic Data display
42. Digital filtering techniques for interpreting seismic cone data This paper outlines the mathematical technique utilized in obtaining optimal crosscorrelation time shifts e Appendix 2 provides a copy of the paper entitled Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method This paper outlines the mathematical algorithms utilized in the Forward Modeling and the Downhill Simplex Method FMDSM If required BCE can also provide a thorough training course in the use of the SC3 RAV software package Alternatively the user can contact BCE to obtain a step by step instructional document that outlines the estimation of interval velocities utilizing the SC3 RAV software The methods of analysis covered range from basic trend line estimation to more advanced patented cross correlation techniques and iterative forward modeling The user is also provided with an exercise document and associated seismic data set Version 15 0 1 gm Page 2 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 2 Main Menu and Tool Bar 2 1 Introduction SC3 RAV is a Windows program utilizing time series analysis and interactive graphics for the purpose of estimating shear and pressure wave interval velocities as well as absorption Q values The main menu of SC3 RAV M as shown in Figure 1 has six different options File Seismic Analysis as described in Chapter 3 of this manual View
43. EG2 Data Convert Geotech AB data Convert Vertek data Exit 2 2 1 Convert SEG2 Data The Convert SEG2 Data option currently allows the user to select a set of SCPT data files acquired with a standard Geometrics triaxial system and to convert them into the SC3 RAV data format for processing This conversion can be performed on a file by file basis or in batch mode 2 2 1 1 Data Conversion on a File by File Basis The conversion process on a file by file basis is as follows Convert SEG 2 Data 1 specify the set of files to be converted by clicking on the Specify Files button which opens a File Input dialog box as shown in Figure 3 2 optionally enter update desired site information by selecting the Site Info Specification button see Figure 6 Specify Files E Site Info Specifiction SEG 2 Data Set Source Radial Offset m 2 51 Source Radial Depth m 0 File Type O scu Binary SEG 2 File Format Specification 3 Chann st C el System 6 Channel System Sa 21 Y1 X1 22 Y2 X2 o e xv2 60v 1x21 22122 SEG 2 Data File Parameters Batch SEG 2 Conversion f Enable fl Decrement Depth Probe Depth m 1 SEG2 Data File N A lt FileIndecN A Polarization Depth Increment m 1 4 A O Right left None ff dose Figure 2 Geometrics SEG2 data file converter dialog box Version 15 0 1 Page 2 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 specify the S
44. EG2 channel format X Y Z or Z Y X for a 3 channel system and X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Z1 Z2 or Z1 Y1 X1 Z2 Y2 X2 for a 6 channel system for a 6 channel system the user also specifies whether the converted data at Datum 1 Z1 Y1 X1 or Datum 2 Z2 Y2 X2 is saved to file 4 specify for the file set Doe a P ee e AA AA c e Source Radial Offset m GOE somma TING SEG2 Dato e Source Radial Depth m See New folder E t e a Cookies 7 Name Date modified Type Size e File Type 1 ASCII Or meng Ji ascu 3 8 14 323PM File fold b r BB Dropbox BER OLD 3 18 14 3 23 PM File fold Una Bina 3 18 14 3 23 PM File fold i i ES de OLD 3 18 14 3 23 PM File fold The values for Source Radial 1755 1001 ar ns DATE _ 1002 DAT 8 13 11 9 35 AM DAT F Offset and Source Radial ee 1003 DAT 8 13 11935AM DATF g 1004 DAT 8 13 11 9 35 AM DAT F Depth are saved within the 5 EE g 13 11935AM DATF lens 8 ILI 1006 DAT 8 13 11 9 35 AM DAT Fi SC3 RAV ini file and 2 become default values for SS these parameters on a perag 7 A endTo subsequent execution of the EUR 6 items selected Date modified 8 13 11 9 35 AM Date created 3 18 14 3 23 PM SC3 RAV program Sue 151 KB 5 specify for e ach file by po llin g File name 1006 DAT 1001 DAT 1002 DAT 1003 DAT 1004 DAT 1005 D v All files the selected data files forward and Fi 3
45. If these plots show high directionality and correlation between the two plotted amplitudes then the least squares best fit line is said to have high linearity e values approaching 1 0 This in effect means that the amplitude vs amplitude plots do not deviate significantly from the linear least squares best fit line Figure 44 shows the high linearity between the X vs Y X vs Z and Y vs Z plots The slope of the least squares best fit lines define the angles of incidence of the particle motion of the source wave onto the triaxial seismic sensor For comparison purposes Figure F igur e 45 Polar ization Analysis with poor linear ity 45 shows an example of low linearity G e 0 47 and 0 57 where there is low correlation between the X Y and Z responses and insignificant directionality 2 SE N SV Wave m s2 o Using the derived values of the angles of incidence the traditional three component seismograms Le X t Y t and Z t can be rotated onto the raypath coordinate system with one longitudinal component in the compression wave P direction and two transverse components in the shear wave SV and SH directions This axis rotation can be properly implemented only if the wave under study is a P wave If the incident wave is an S wave then the rotated waveform is identical to the full seismic waveform and it is displayed in the P wave chart To implement the coordinate rotation algorithm the next step in the pro
46. Page 83 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software In the above window click Transfer Into Computer to complete the transfer The system displays the Continue Pending Transfer window shown in Figure9 STEP 14 Click Next in the Continue Pending Transfer window The following window appears indicating that the transfer 1s complete Figure 11 Transfer License In Window STEP 15 Finish Version 15 0 1 gm Page 84 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Appendix 5 License Removal Procedure In certain cases e g when obtaining a software upgrade it may be necessary to demonstrate that the current license is removed The procedure to do this is as follows STEP 1 Execute software and then press space bar during start up DIAGNOSTICS Please wait STEP2 Select Kill License as shown below ch SC3 RAV 2015 License Configuration Program Help eo Show the SiteCode Acquire License Transfer to directory Transfer in from another computer Transfer out to another computer Kill license eCheck License In eCheck License Out STEP 3 State Yes to message below to kill the current license Warning After deleting pour license You will need to purchase a new license to continue using this program Version 15 0 1 gm Page 85 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 4 Email BCE the screen capture of confirmation c
47. SC3 RAV 2015 L User s Reference Manual CE SUB SURFACE DIAGNOSTICS SC3 RAV 2015 Edition File Seismic Analysis View Utilities Window Help BCE SUB SURFACE DIAG NU ST us Version 15 0 1 June 2015 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software BCES mission is to provide our clients around the world with state of the art seismic data acquisition and analysis systems which allow for better and faster diagnostics of the sub surface The company provides state of the art hardware and software solutions for a wide variety of seismic engineering applications If necessary we will customize our products to suit the requirements of our clients even better BCE s products and services consist of e Seismic Data Acquisition and Signal Conditioning Hardware Seismic Data Processing Software Applied Seismology Consulting Services Seismic Data Processing Professional Seminars By publishing this manual we will hopefully provide a better understanding of downhole seismic testing and the role it can play in geotechnical investigations Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd 3943 West 32nd Avenue Vancouver B C Canada V6S 174 url www bcengineers com email info bcengineers com 1998 2015 Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd All rights reserved The content on this work is protected by the copyrights of Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd No part of this document may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
48. SEG2 file input dialog b backward using the BS and m igure 3 5 file input dialog box buttons respectively the following data e Probe Depth m the user has the option to either enter the probe depth directly or change the current value by the user defined Depth Increment by clicking on the or MA button e Polarization i e Right Left or None 6 convert each individual file into the SC3 RAV data file format by clicking button ES The program then copies the converted SEG2 data files into a subdirectory ASCII or Binary depending on the selected file type that is created in the same directory as the original SEG2 files The converted data files are named as the SEG2 file to be converted but appended as follows e the acquisition depth is inserted at the end of the file name along with the user specified polarity e extension aci is utilized for SEG2 files converted to ASCII format while extension bin 1s utilized for SEG2 files converted to binary format For example SEG2 file 1003 DAT is renamed as 1003 1 500R aci for an ASCII file conversion for a trace recorded at a depth of 1 5m and having Right Polarity 7 if the conversion has been successful the output message shown in Figure 4 appears Alternatively an error message is shown and a text file StdErr_converter txt is created in the SEG2 data SEG2 File Converted successfully file directory with the error messages that were generated in the conversion process
49. Source Wave 2 in blue superimposed on Source Wave 1 in red without time offset Amplitude m s2 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Time ms Figure 55 Source Wave 2 in blue superimposed on Source Wave 1 in red with 32 ms time offset Specifying files Spectral Ratio Source Wave EXT DAK 2 aci and Spectral Ratio Source Wave 2 aci Coherency MERE wa a Spectral Ratio Slope s 0 00321 Q 1 Np 31 25 n X Np 2 1 60 5 Np 0 101 AT ms 31 95 in the A pec tral Ratio Tec hniq ue dialo g box intera Velocity m s 153 118 0 999 Ave Depth m 7 50 Relative Distance m 4 89 generates the output shown in Figure 56 gt Spectral Ratio Ln A2 N Ln ATCO when the Analysis Type option Interval is do it chosen The bottom chart of Figure 56 shows the two source waves which have had a rectangular time window applied resulting M in seismic traces containing two pulses 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Frequency Hz Slope 0 00321 Ln Spectral Ratio The values shown at the top of Figure 56 are estimates of the Spectral Ratio Slope Quality Factor Q Fraction of Critical Damping yn Logarithmic Decrement Relative Arrival Time AT Interval Velocity Cross Correlation Coefficient C Average Depth Full Waveform m s2 100 120 140 160 180 200 Increment and the relative travel distance Time ms between the two source waves Relative Distance The cross correl
50. Transfer aut to another computer rante fom another computer t Kill license CrypKey Instant Demonstration This iz the configurable message box If this were your program you can easily put your custom tailored message here You can even put your own hatlink to vou Web ar email like this Crypkey Canada Inc salesf crypkey com To demonstrate the power of Crypkey Instant we have protected the familiar Calculator program This is set to give a 3 run trial automatically but you can give customers runs ar time trials of any size Once the trial haz expired to continue gt Figure 6 Program on PC 1 Transfer Out Command STEP 8 In the above window click the Transfer out to another computer option The system displays the following window Transfer License Out Step 1 of 2 to an Unlicensed copy on another computer SCIEGM computer s A drive and press New Cancel Figure 7 Transfer License Out Window Version 15 0 1 gm Transfer ut enables you to transfer a license from this program To begin run the unlicensed copy on the remote computer select Transfer License In and follow the instructions on the When you are ready insert the transfer floppy disk into you IF vau are using a drive other than drive UA enter its path here 5 Browse Page 81 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 9 In the above window use the
51. V 2014 Figure 8 Output message for successful Vertek data conversion Version 15 0 1 gm Page 6 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 3 Seismic Analysis The Seismic Analysis menu option allows the F s SeismicAnalysis View Utilities Window Help KA Pt Calculate Interval Velocities Crosscorrelation Technique user to process acquired seismic traces so that _ i f Apply Polarization Analysis Reverse Polarity important geotechnical design parameters are Apply Attenuation Analysis gt FMDSM obtained As shown in Figure 9 this menu Apply Data Stack e Apply Data Interpolation has eight different options Raids e Calculate Interval Velocities Dc e Apply Attenuation Analysis Calculate Shear Modulus e Apply Polarization Analysis SR Apply Data Stack Figure 9 Interval Velocities submenu with PPHY corresponding analysis options e Apply Data Interpolation e Apply Signal Decay e Change Polarity e Calculate Shear Modulus In this menu the user specifies the desired option by selecting the appropriate graphical tabs or corresponding toolbar icon 3 1 Calculate Interval Velocities When selecting the Calculate Interval Velocities option 1n the Seismic Analysis menu a submenu as shown in Figure 9 appears This submenu allows the user to select one of three available algorithms to derive Downhole Seismic Testing DST interval velocities e the Crosscorrelat
52. al Analysis are outlined as follows e Select two seismic traces to be processed which are offset by a relative travel distance of Dg and corresponding relative arrival time of Tr Obtain full waveforms from X Y and Z axes responses utilizing polarization analysis Apply rectangular windows on full waveform time series Determine relative arrival time and interval velocity Calculate frequency spectra of the two full waveform time series Calculate cross spectrum Calculate and plot the natural logarithm of each Fourier component of the spectral ratio versus frequency where coherency gt 0 3 of maximum e Apply linear regression to the plotted points to determine the best fit and obtain estimate of the spectral slope SL 1 e SL Aln Nz u z f Nzo u zo f VAP e Calculate spectral slope Quality O value fraction of critical damping y and logarithmic decrement e Calculate average Q by implementing O Ix Tr SL where SL Aln u z f u zo f Af 15 U Z oi 2a fT ALS 0 111 M Z luz 0 20 WEN Je k ERC Version 15 0 1 gm Page 40 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software If the spectral slope SL is plotted against the relative arrival time Tr as outlined in Figure 50 then an average O estimate for a homogenous layer can be obtained by utilizing a linear regression and applying eq 14 In Cumulative Analysis the investigator derives the spectral ratio from the full waveforms re
53. al times Save Estimated Interval Velocities ave Single Axis Velocity Estimate from the X Y Z and Full Waveform av B oi OVAs Gzhs Grwhs Axis to the user specified file Estimated Arrival Times Depth es es Z Arrival Arrival Arrival Time Saving and Exporting u l aan DE Ae Scale Xs MYais MZ Av 0 AllAxes The ability to export the estimated 3700 isoo 2000 ason 20 000 Site Name SC3RAV N A f i 700 53 400 53 700 53 700 53 700 arrival times to the FMD SM database dee dene e die ka Overwrite Record Average Record provides significant post processing time saving The SC3 RAV software Figure 30 Implementation of the LLSR technique either extracts the Site Name from a and corresponding relative arrival times by SC3 DAC file based on the SC3 enabling check box Enable Linear Least Squares DAC automatic file naming Regression as outlined in Figure 10 convention or if an alternative acquisition system is utilized the investigator is required to manually input the desired Site Name within the text box provided the default entry for this field is SCP T By clicking on Button M the estimated arrival times are exported to the FMDSM database Note that user interface radio button options X Axis Y Axis Z Axis and All Axes allow for copying the X Axis Y Axis ZAxis and Full waveform Axis arrival times respectively When exporting the data the user can select from two options When option Overwrite Record 1s
54. ality Factor is a desirable term to define the absorption of a medium because it is nondispersive i e does not vary with frequency Material losses or intrinsic attenuation come from the energy dissipation taking place in the material itself for instance from the frictional loss between the soil grains The intrinsic Q values are important for the geotechnical engineer with depth because they are indicative of the composition and physical environment of a given lithology The absorption of wave energy in rock and soils is a sensitive parameter which is dependent upon rock and soil composition confining pressure porosity pore fluid type and pore saturation level Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 33 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software The ability to determine the absorption coefficients demands that several assumptions be made regarding the properties of the medium of propagation These include the assumptions that the medium is an attenuating velocity dispersive causal and linear system Some properties of seismic medium absorption are outlined as follows e Absorption is proportional to frequency e Absorption is inversely proportional to velocity e Absorption is proportional to pore saturation e Absorption is proportional to porosity in saturated rocks and soils e g attenuation is greater in clean sands than shales Absorption is dependent upon pore fluid type e g absorption is greater for brine watered saturated
55. altriaxR aci 0 5208 11 9324 150 Time ms 150 200 250 Time ms G c is e E File Open Filter Restore P SV SH 180 Phase Change Save P SV SH Simulate Oy 60 00 ron qp foo amp 000 v Scale P SV SH Data File C JOBS SCPT Software SC3 RAV dataltriaxR ac 2 3419 281 2670 02 P Wave m s2 0 2 0 X Amplitude 150 200 Time ms SH Wave m s2 D I 150 200 Time ms 150 200 Time ms 300 Figure 44 Polarization Analysis with good linearity After specifying the time window the user then selects the ncident Angle button which results in the graphical display shown in Figure 44 The data graphs displayed on the left from top to Version 15 0 1 Page 28 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software bottom are the Y vs X amplitude Y vs Z amplitude X vs Z amplitude and the sign corrected full seismic waveform time series At the top of the screen the values for 0 and q are given together with their corresponding accuracy estimates 0 to 1 The user may re specify the filter and time window parameters by selecting the Filter push button Polarization Analysis As previously stated in the hodogram ae E e File Open Filter Restore P SV SH 180 Phase Change Save P SV SH Simulate plot a linear least squares best fit straight Ps Me a 20005 line 1S fitted to the amplitude VS amplitude Data File C JOBS SCPT Software SC3 RAVdetaltriexR7 aci 3 8793 246 2050 plots
56. analysis the user will firstly obtain a DST profile of the crosscorrelation time shifts using the Crosscorrelation Technique as previously outlined Next the user reviews all the recorded seismic cone time series data within a Vertical Seismic Profile VSP by implementing the View Standard VSP Display menu option see Section 4 2 The best P wave or S wave arrival time from the VSP is selected and arrival times are then derived for each depth increment utilizing this reference arrival time and the previously derived crosscorrelation shifts As mentioned previously the Batch Processing software option automates the task of obtaining VSP arrival times Version 15 0 1 gm Page 22 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software For example using the SCPTDEMO data in Figure 36 1f the best arrival time occurred at 3 5 m and 1s estimated to be 33 5 ms then the arrival time at 2 5 m would be 27 4 ms for a time shift of 6 1 ms 33 5 ms 6 1 ms the arrival time at 1 5 m would be 20 9 ms for a time shift of 6 5 ms 27 4 ms 6 5 ms and the arrival time at 4 5 m would be 43 1 ms for a time shift of 9 6 33 5 ms 9 6 ms This process is carried out for the complete DST profile and then the corresponding Arrival Times are inputted with measurement weights set to reflect the corresponding cross correlation coefficient or typically set to 1 0 If the recorded seismic waves have poor correlation to one another then the user can simply input ar
57. ation coefficient is provided so that the user can quantify the accuracy of the results A correlation Figure 56 Output from Spectral Ratio Analysis Interval analysis Version 15 0 1 gm Page 43 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software coefficient value near indicates very high correlation between the traces and subsequently the spectral ratio estimates are accurate assuming that the dominant frequencies of the wave have been properly isolated Values near O indicate no correlation between traces and thus no weight should be given to the spectral slope and Q estimates The top chart of Figure 56 illustrates the Ln spectral ratio vs Frequency plot green trace for values which have a coherency greater than 0 3 of the normalized maximum value Coherency 1s a complex function of frequency that expresses the frequency dependence of correlation In general terms a higher coherency implies a greater correlation between frequency components of the source waves under analysis The blue trace in the bottom chart of Figure 56 is the linear least squares LLS best fit for the Ln spectral ratio vs Frequency plot As outlined in 13 the intercept of the LLS best fit is the natural logarithm of the geometric spreading term and the slope is the spectral slope From the results shown in Figure 56 it is clear that the Spectral Ratio Analysis technique derived the parameters that where utilized to generate the source waves The est
58. both compression and shear waves At the top of this figure there are various checkboxes and icons e The Edit Chart Settings icon 14 opens the dialog box shown in Figure 69 with which the chart settings can be changed this option can also be used to export or print the chart Version 15 0 1 gm Page 66 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software e The settings can be stored by clicking on the Save Chart Settings icon e The user can also apply previously stored chart settings by clicking on the Load Chart Settings icon e Clicking the Print Preview button opens the dialog box shown in Figure 99 with which the chart can be printed e The checkbox Display Site Information allows to user to specify whether or not the SCPT Site Information is displayed below the graphs Version 15 0 1 gm Page 67 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 5 Utilities As shown in Figure 92 the Utilities File Seismic Analysis View Utilities Window Help menu has four different options e Default Graphical User Interface GUI Settings e Sensor Type and Units e Full Waveform Specification e Sort SH Data Files and Create Working Directories Component 5 1 Default GUI Settings H die Banz Default GUI Settings Sensor Type and Units Full Waveform Component Specification Sort SH Data Files and Create Working Directories Figure 92 Utilities Submenu The Default GUI Settings dia
59. box Editing chtProfile X Editing chtProfile Chart Series Data Tools Animations Export Print Chart Series Data Tools Animations Export Print Series General Axis Titles Legend Panel Paging Walls 3D Printer Dell V715w Network H setup Print Orientation Portrait Landscape EX O e SeriesPPV FAST mm Y C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Fugro Manual 20 13 data VtriaxR 4 aci FAST mm Y C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Fugro Manual 20 13V data VtriaxR 7 aci mm V C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Fugro Manual 2013 data triaxR 10 aci mm V C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Fugro Manual 2013 data VtriaxR4 aci mm Iv C OBSISCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Fugro Manual 2013 data triaxR7 aci mm Y C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Fugro Manual 2013 data triaxR 10 aci Figure 25 Chart Editing amp Printing dialog box The user can also save the modified chart templates by selecting the Save Chart Settings button middle button EBSson the top left corner of the Crosscorrelation Function screen Once this button has been selected a configuration file containing the template information is stored in subdirectory SC3 RAV chartCFG When SC3 RAV is reopened the user may reload the chart template by selecting the Load Chart Settings button right button Eon the top left corner of the Crosscorrelation Function screen The chart formatting printing and exporting functionality is provided f
60. c Analysis View Utilities Window Help zc BS ie Fis 06 QB EBs iz E RASO Seismic Data 2 ai e 2 Display Filtered OFF Overlay Traces OFF Filter GUI EFT Display OFF Display Fre trigger OFF Normalize Locally OFF Print Preview Export Preview GH H xad El Y Axis El Z Axis B Display Site Information Chart Title N A AJ Show Title 200 250 Time ms Amplitude 1 801 C Users Gerald Dropbox BCE SCPT 2014 Software VSC3 Systems Training 2014 SC3 RAV Exercise S Figure 74 Main graphical interface in View Seismic Data software option Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 52 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software At the top of the window there is a row of buttons The function of these buttons can be described as follows e Display Filtered to display filtered traces based upon Filter GUI parameter settings e Overlay Traces to display unfiltered traces superimposed on the filtered traces e Filter GUI to open the Cascadable Filters dialog box as shown in Figure 12 which allows the user to specify the filter parameters e FFT Display to display the frequency spectrums of either the filtered or unfiltered traces depending on the Display Filtered setting e Display Pre trigger to display the pre trigger data e Normalize Locally to normalize the amplitudes of the X Y and Z axis with respect to the absolute maximum value recorded for the particular trace e Print Preview to open the Print Preview dialog box see Fig
61. ccur due to the uncertainty in determining the reference signs of the X and Y component time series The software addresses this by synchronizing the polarization of the calculated full waveform with the responses on a user specified reference axis typically X or Y This reference axis is selected by reviewing the VSP and ascertaining which axis has the most suitable source wave responses throughout the depth profile If no reference axis is specified by the user SC3 RAV M will determine the dominant axis response of the first file that is loaded and subsequently uses that axis as the reference axis Load Files and Apply Figure 48 Batch Polarization dialog box SC3 RAV contains an algorithm to assess the quality of the velocity estimates To activate this the user has to specify the name and directory for the file that is generated as part of this process by selecting the button ER Next the appropriate Analysis Type radio button 1s selected SH Wave or P SV Wave and the option is activated by enabling check box Save Assessments During the subsequent analysis process the Status text field displays the following messages Commencing Full Waveform calculation Full Waveforms calculated and saved Assessing Quality Velocity Estimates Finalizing Assessments and saving results to file The file that is generated as part of this process looks as follows Depth Linearity Correlation Coefficient Interval Velocity Classification m
62. cess is selecting the Restore P SV SH menu button Once this is done SC3 RAV carries out the transformation and the resulting P SV SH waves are then displayed on the right hand side of the Polarization Analysis window as shown in Figure 44 As can be seen in this figure the simulated P wave and SV wave are recovered exactly and the P wave response is identical to the full waveform response The user may then save the raypath coordinates of P SV SH by selecting the Save P SV SH button The data file where the rotated waves are to be stored has a default name identical to the initially read in file with the modification of PS being appended to the file prior to the file extension eg aci For example the file triaxRIO aci is renamed triaxRIOPS aci Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 29 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Once the rotated waves have been saved the user can then process these files utilizing the analytical techniques provided by SC3 RAV In this case the displayed X t Y t and Z t time series represent the P t SH t and SV t responses respectively This allows the user to obtain independent interval velocities and absorption Q values for P SH and SV waves As previously stated when utilizing SC3 RAV s analysis techniques it is advantageous to first rotate the source wave responses on the X Y and Z axes onto the full waveform axis This significantly simplifies the post ana
63. cide whether the correct seismic waves were isolated Finally the crosscorrelation function is displayed followed by the velocity accuracy and time shift estimates In the Manual Processing option the seismic traces are more thoroughly analyzed with interactive graphics These graphics facilitate choosing the proper frequency filters to be used in the Automatic Filtering and Batch Processing options For illustrative purposes an example of data processed with SC3 RAV M using the Manual Processing option will be presented In this example data files Ds4 aci and Ds7 aci are analyzed and the relevant parameters describing these digital seismic traces are as follows TriaxR4 aci TriaxR7 aci Sampling rate 0 1 ms Sampling rate 0 1 ms Depth 2 7 m Depth 3 7 m X offset 2 1 m X offset 2 1 m Y offset 0 0 m Y offset 0 0 m Information The message shown in Figure 18 appears when the user selects gt ES Would pou like ta specify a start time the Process Data button in the Crosscorrelation Technique dialog box see Figure 12 with the Manual Processing option enabled By selecting push button Yes in Figure 18 the output illustrated in Figure 19 appears if push button No 1s selected the program will move to the Spectral Analysis as shown in Figure 20 Figure 18 Start time speci fication message dialog box Start Time Specification In Figure 19 the seismic traces x y and z axes to be mem 21 40 7 0 9747 analyzed 1 e triaxR4
64. component data of the xi Y acecnbr R E clGreen e Display Aus erg selected seismic data files Vacecow d Wan o Depth Range specify a desired depth range for which the axis Um neck EE component data should be O None trace color A E clRed displayed Display Z Axis Ztrace color L B canon e Full wave options Morbus 000 i 000 The same options exist as described for the axes with one additional 8 option Display full waveform Fw trace color L o Absolute Value if checked then Depth Range o Tam the absolute value of the full lll Absolute Value Bus 0 Y waveform 1S displayed otherwise the 0 angle either E Broma derived from the Incident Angle analysis or guessed should be Figure 80 Standard VSP Profile graphical interface Depth Range om i om Full waveform options Fw trace color D LJ cfrellow P trace color A efrellev C elBackoground specified box Version 15 0 1 gm Page 56 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software As previously outlined the user can automate the seismic data file naming and saving process In that case the program may be able to recognize whether and if so how the signals have been polarized Based on this information the traces will be given the colors as indicated in the graphical interface box o D for traces that are not polarized or where the filename does not meet the BCE naming convention o R for traces polarized on t
65. corded at a reference triaxial sensor usually near surface and one at depth with the DST probe The spectral slope is then plotted against the probe s depth as it is advanced within the soil profile Linear regression is applied to the plotted points to determine the best linear fit as illustrated in Figure 51 The procedure in deriving the quality factor from cumulative data is summarized as follows e Compute the spectral slope between source and reference signal for each depth increment e Carry out this calculation for the complete depth profile e Plot Ln Spectral Slope vs Relative Distance between reference sensor and sensors at depth e Calculate interval slopes k Each interval slope defines a homogeneous layer with constant Q e From 2 we have O z Aa af aV where V is the interval velocity As outlined by 2 and 7 the rate of change of spectral ratio slope with increasing depth is the absorption factor used in the exponential decay factor e where f is the frequency in Hz and x is the reference to measurement distance If the interval slope k ai f then the Quality Factor in Cumulative Analysis 1s defined as O n k V 16 Sp ectral Slope ms K peer E k Slope Intercept quantifies geometric spreading Reference Depth Travd Time ms E elative Distance m Figure 50 Spectral ratio vs relative arrival Figure 51 Deriving interval O with time Spectral Ratio Cumulativ
66. cted Site button allows the user to export the estimated FMDSM interval velocities 1V for a specific site by highlighting that site within the scroll list of available sites on bottom of the user interface window When button is clicked a dialog box to enter specific test information appears as was outlined in Figures 15 and 16 Alternatively if checkbox Save as Text File is checked then the FMDSM interval velocities are saved in a simplified format so the output can be easily incorporated into a Word table or Excel spreadsheet Delete Selected Site Esport IV for Selected Site Save as Text File Arrival Times Specification M Site Name Depth m Arrival Time ms Weight 0 1 V1 m s Residual 1 ms V2 m s Residual 2 ms V3 m s Residual 3 ms b SCPTDEMO 13 875 1 8n O 0 0 O 0 0 SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO 27 4555 33 5112 43 09 51 4033 58 537 66 231 70 8411 75 823 1041 0 0 1432 0 0 101 3 0 0 117 7 0 0 137 6 0 0 128 2 0 0 2133 0 0 1976 0 0 104 1 0 1432 0 0 101 3 0 0 117 7 0 0 137 6 0 0 128 2 0 0 2133 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1432 0 101 3 0 117 7 0 137 6 0 128 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Filter Selected Site ShowAllSites SCPT 2013 Delete Selected Site l ISscPT2 SCPTRightSide G Export IV for Selected Site j fll Save as Text File CPTIBinhiCida Figure 36 Filtering DST site SCPTDemo In a typical FMDSM
67. cting checkbox FFT The frequency spectrum of the filtered trace is displayed if the checkbox Filter is selected along with the FFT checkbox Otherwise the unfiltered seismic trace s frequency spectrum is displayed Figure 78c illustrates the frequency spectrum of the filtered data file shown in Figure 78a Finally in Figure 78d shows the filtered trace with the pre trigger data displayed as well Version 15 0 1 gm Page 53 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software TeeFont Editor Orientation Portrait Landscape Margins Figure 77 Export dialog box Version 15 0 1 gm Page 54 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Z gt E d c 2 S Display Filtered ON Overlay Traces ew Filter GUI EFT Display OFF Display Pre trigger ON Normalize Locally OFF Print Preview Export Preview E iH axes BY Axis E Z u E Display Site Information Chart Title N A ry Show Title 150 Time ms gt ea E GE c a S Display Filtered ON Overlay Traces em Filter GUI FFT Display OFF Display Pre trigger ON Normalize Locally OFF Print Preview Export Preview S iH O X Axis BY Axis El Z Axis Display Site Information Chart Title N A H B A Axis Y Axis EJ Z Axis Display Site Information Chart Title N A Display Filtered ON iH B Exe El Y Axis El Z Axis Display Site Information Chart Title N A m s m s m s A Show Title 200 Time ms
68. culated Arrival Times instead of user specified arrival times times within a text file and 3 Save Arrival Times within Text File exporting arrival times to a FMDSM Select Specify Text File database specified by the user Export Arrival Times to FMDSM Database default name TrendLineEst please Site Name TrendLineEst note that when the box export Calculated Arrival Times 1s checked the calculated rather than the estimated relative arrivals are stored or exported Save TLEs to save the trend line data GUI to open the graphical interface box shown in Figure 80 Save to save the latest defined chart settings within the sc3ravini file for future applications Load to enable the latest defined chart settings Legend to enable and disable the display of chart legend Print Preview to open the Print Preview dialog box see Figure 76 Export Preview to open the Export dialog box see Figure 77 Figure 82 Export Arrival Times dialog box Below the row of buttons there are various checkboxes and icons The checkbox Enable Closest Depth ensures that when specifying trend lines the software will automatically matches the time selection to the closest data depth see footnote 11 The checkbox Display Site Information allows to user to specify whether or not the SCPT Site Information 1s displayed below the graphs The user can specify the chart title by entering it in the box and the chart title is displayed by checking the S
69. culated interval velocities would correspond with the Depth axis responses eg X interval velocity would be associated with the cross correlation of Depth X axis response and Depth2 Y axis response 3 1 1 2 Batch Job Analysis The Batch Job Analysis option outlined in Figure 10 facilitates the user to process many seismic traces with similar filter parameters in a batch mode In addition Batch Job Analysis allows for the estimation of the arrival times for each depth increment and the implementation of Linear Least Squares Regression LLSR to derive interval velocities which minimizes the variability of the interval velocities The LLSR utilizes three adjacent crosscorrelated relative arrival times the corresponding time series depth and a reference arrival time and depth to determine the slope of the best fitting line through the three points as the interval velocity In other words the LLSR applies linear regression on three depth adjacent source waves e g 7m 8m and 9m within a vertical seismic profile arrival time vs depth plot so that smoothed interval velocity estimates are obtained In the standard application of Batch Job Analysis the user selects push button Begin Processing in the screen shown in Figure 10 The file input dialog box shown in Figure 27 then appears The user can input multiple seismic files in this dialog box 1 e lt SHIFT gt plus left mouse click or lt CTRL gt plus left mouse click but these
70. d and clay 12 25m 3 5 225m B B Redpath 54 laboratory 1 5 3 5 Sandy Tonouchi et al 1983 Clayey Tonouchi et al 1983 Fine Sand Tonouchi et al 1983 Bay mud Tonouchi et al 1983 B B Redpath 54 laboratory 2 5 Clay Mok et al 1988 Sand P wave Mok et al 1988 laboratory 0 7 Stewart and Campanella 1993 state that damping values n from low strain field measurements are in the range 1 7 6 for sands 1 7 7 for clays about 2 5 for silts and 3 5 to 12 for alluvium Amini amp Howie 2005 state that based on field seismic test measurements the damping ratio at small strains has been reported to be about 6 for sand Kudo and Shima 1981 and 4 7 for clays Mok et al 1988 The damping ratio increases significantly with increased shear strain Version 15 0 1 gm Page 35 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software There are several mathematical techniques which facilitate the derivation of absorption from seismic time series Spectral Ratio Displacement Spectral Decay Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis Pulse Width Pulse Amplitude Pulse Power Wavelet Modeling Q Paneling The Spectral Ratio Method SRM is the most common and preferred methodology as the non intrinsic frequency independent amplitude variations such as recording instrument gain settings sensor characteristics and the geometric spreading of an expanding wavefront do not affect the SRM and the subsequently estimated absorp
71. d into PC 2 STEP 2 Your first operation is on the unauthorized computer 1 e PC 2 Start the program on PC 2 The program s opening window is shown below TE Protected Calculator License Configuration Program License Help E Program not authorized Site Code Display Site Code A Site Key CrypKey Instant Demonstration This iz the configurable message box If this were your program you can easily put your custom tailored message here You can even put our owen hotlink to you Web or email like this Crypkey Canada Inc Salesia icrypkey com Ta demonstrate the power of Crypkey Instant we have protected the familiar Calculator program This iz set to give a 3 run trial automatically but you can give customers runs ar time trials of any size Once the trial haz expired to continue Figure 1 Unauthorized Program running on PC 2 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 78 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 3 In the above window click the License option to display the Transfer in from another computer command as shown in Figure 2 below after that the system shows the window shown in Figure 3 TE Protected Calculator License Configuration Program License Help E rante to director o Manser cubic another computer Transfer in from another computer t RiGee CrypKey Instant Demonstration This iz the configurable message box If this were y
72. e v Axis RP Frequency Bandpass appears The user defines the amp ze O None velocity file to be displayed either E Plot Type by typing in the file path and name or O Incremental Depth by clicking on the Directory List icon Both Shear and Compression Plots Depth Bars and then selecting the file from the window that opens as well as the profile type the X component Y component Z component the Full Waveform or the Reverse Polarity RP interval velocities velocity type and plot type Finally the user specifies whether the velocity has to be displayed by itself or together with either the frequency bandpass or the accuracy Once the required entries have been made the user clicks the Open button to generate a graph similar to Figure 91 Figure 90 Interval Velocities dialog box d Velocity Plot File E scpt scl ray data interval elocity_txt Velocity Plot File E scpt scl rav data interval elocity_txt 183 irt Display Site Information 1 Print Previews VEIUCR ms 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 Jet Display Site Information Print Preview Velocity m s 100 120 140 160 180 200 2 240 260 280 300 320 Depth m bag Depth m gt S wave velocities P wave velocities TL S wave velocities IL P wave velocities Figure 91 Interval Velocities Display incremental depth on the left depth bars on the right with corresponding accuracy for
73. e 1 392 KB dialo g b OX Bl Downloads SCPT408S24 OR3 6 2010 11 18 44 aci ACI File 1 392 KB WB Dropbox SCPT408S25_0L3 6 2010 11 22 40 aci ACI File 392 KB _ SCPT408S25_0L3 6 2010 11 23 09 aci ACI File 1 392 KB BE Desktop _ SCPT408S25_0R3 6 2010 11 21 34 aci ACI File 1 392 KB ER Libraries SCPT408525_0R3 6 2010 11 22 05 aci ACI File 392 KB a _ SCPT408526_0L3 6 2010 11 25 55 aci ACI File 92 KB d Masc _ SCPT408S26_OL3 6 2010 11 26 30 aci ACI File 92 KB amp Pictures _ SCPT408526_0R3 6 2010 11 27 05 aci ACI File 392 KB Bl Videos SCPT408 26_OR3 6 2010 11 27 36 aci ACI File 1 392 KB T SE _ SCPT408S27_0L3 6 2010 11 33 31 aci ACI File 392 KB I Erick _ SCPT408S27_OL3 6 2010 11 34 06 aci ACI File 1 392 KB Computer _ SCPT408527_0R3 6 2010 11 32 11 aci ACI File 392 KB L Local Disk C _ SCPT408S27_OR3 6 2010 11 32 49 aci ACI File 392 KB E DVD RW Drive D _ SCPT408S28_0L3 6 2010 11 36 51 aci ACI File 392 KB Qi Network SCPT408 28_OL3 6 2010 11 37 23 aci ACI File 392 KB E Control Panel _ SCPT408S28 OR3 6 2010 11 38 16 aci ACI File 392 KB E Recycle Bin _ SCPT408S28 OR3 6 2010 11 38 55 aci ACI File 392 KB _ SCPT408S29_0L3 6 2010 11 42 24 aci ACI File 392 KB _ SCPT408529_0L3 6 2010 11 42 58 aci ACI File 392 KB _ SCPT408S29_OR3 6 2010 11 41 15 aci ACI File 392 KB SCPT408529 OR3 6 2010 11 41 50 aci ACI File 1 392 KB _ SCPT408 30_OL3 6 2010 11 45 57 aci ACI File 392 KB
74. e 2 in blue superimposed on Source Wave 1 in red with 32 ms time jl 43 Figure 56 Output from Spectral Ratio Analysis Interval analvaig 43 Figure 57 Output from Spectral Ratio Analysis Interval analysis with Coherency Factor of 0 6 45 Figure 58 Output from Cumulative Spectral Ratio Analvsig 45 Figure 59 Data Stack file input dialog box 46 Figure 60 Specifying the format to save stacked time series oocccococccncnoocnnonononononocnnnanononanccnnnos 46 Figure 61 Specifying the directory and file name of the stacked time series 46 Figure 62 User interface for Data Interpolation ssseessseessseesssersseerssseesseresseresseersseresseresserese 4 Figure 63 Apply Signal Decay submenu with corresponding analysis options 48 Fisure 04 User interface for Signal DECAY susto vano eade iia 48 Figure 65 Example of applying the Signal Decay option to time series data with source wave MUIADIES ro ia 48 Figure 66 User interface for Signal Decay batch procesemg 49 Figure 67 VSP with a strong seismic response prior to the arrival of the SH wave 49 Figure 68 VSP in Figure 67 after application of an Initial Time of 60 ms sess 50 Figure 69 VSP illust
75. e Analysis Version 15 0 1 gm Page 41 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 3 2 2 SC3 RAV Spectral Ratio Analysis The spectral analysis technique in SC3 RAV implements the previously outlined spectral ratio methodologies in deriving the Quality Factor The first step in utilizing this software option is for the user to specify the two full seismic waveforms e Polarization Analysis already applied which are to be analyzed as is shown in Figure 52 The file specified by selecting push button Depth 2 should contain a trace which has traveled further in the medium than the trace specified for Depth 1 The next step in parameter specification is for the user to select the appropriate Filter Type radio button to be applied prior to processing Automatic Filtering applies the methodology outlined in Section 3 1 1 1 1 while the Manual Filtering option is identical to that outlined in Section 3 1 1 1 2 Filter Type option None implies no frequency filters are applied to the full seismic waveforms prior to processing with the Spectral Ratio Analysis option This option is generally selected in case the selected files have already been filtered and rotated onto the full waveform axis It should be noted that the use of the Cumulative Analysis Type is described at the end of this section Spectral Ratio Technique AE Attenuation Parameters Analysis Type Ce Interval Cumulative Filter Type f Automatic Manual Ampl
76. e Depth m and corresponding Depth Increment m specify the set of files to be converted by clicking on the Specify Files button which opens a File Input dialog box as shown in Figure 3 It should be noted that all files should have the same polarity 1 e Right Left or None and be associated with the same test hole if the SEG2 batch conversion has been successful the output message SEG2 File Batch Conversion Completed appears Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 4 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 2 2 2 Convert Geotech AB Data The Convert Geotech AB Data option allows the user to select a set of SCPT data files acquired with a standard triaxial Geotech AB system and to convert these into the S C3 RAV data format for processing as follows l Version 15 0 1 optionally enter update desired site information by selecting the Site Info Specification button see Figure 6 specify the set of files to be converted by clicking on the Specify Files button which opens a File Input dialog box as shown in Figure 3 click on Open button at the bottom of this dialog box to convert each individual file into the SC3 RAV data file format The program then copies the converted Geotech data files into subdirectory 1 BCE FORMAT that is created in the same directory as the original The converted data files have extension BCE appended to the original file name Geotech Data Conversion Project Properti
77. e crosscorrelation function is indicative of the time offset between the seismic traces Once the user exits the crosscorrelation plot the velocity depth and accuracy of the interval velocity estimate are Seismic Data Files C WOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAY Fugro Manual 201 3 data triaxR4 aci and CAMOBSYSCPTDocumentationxsC3 RA V Fugro Manual201 SidatattriaxR aci 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 then displayed as outlined in Figure 14 and FA ACA Y X Component Y Y Component V Z Component jw Component the user is prompted whether he would like to store estimates in a data file as was described in Figure 15 Figure 24 X component Y component Z component and Full waveform I component crosscorrelation functions between filtered seismic traces shown in Figure 21 The maximum correlation value occurs at a time shift of 8 2 msec Version 15 0 1 gm Page 14 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software The edit button displayed at the top left hand corner of the previously illustrated graphs allows for chart formatting printing and exporting Figure 25 shows the interface box that appears when the edit button is selected This box allows for extensive modification of the displayed data and chart attributes as well as the print settings This interface box has an extensive electronic help function that can be accessed by selecting the help button in this
78. e g test txt becomes test SM txt Velocity Type Depthl Depth2 Accuracy Bandpass TS density Gmax m sec m m Hertz ms kg m3 KPa X 104 43 2 70 3 70 0 9703 30 0 to 130 0 8 1000 1670 0 18212 4 Y 104 43 2 70 3 70 0 9726 30 0 to 130 0 8 1000 1670 0 18212 4 Z 100 70 2 70 3 70 0 9689 30 0 to 130 0 8 4000 1670 0 16934 6 I 104 43 2 70 3 70 0 9739 30 0 to 130 0 8 1000 1670 0 18212 4 Figure 73 Typical interval velocity output file from the Calculate Shear Modulus menu option Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 51 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 4 View SC3 RAV provides five advanced graphical interfaces which allow the user to display derived interval velocities and filter and plot captured triaxial seismic traces e View Seismic Data Display Standard VSP Display X Y Z Full Waveform VSP 3D Display Display Interval Velocities 4 1 View Seismic Data The View Seismic Data option allows the user to analyze an individual seismic file Analysis features consists of filtering the seismic trace overlaying the unfiltered trace onto the filtered trace and displaying the smoothed Fourier transform of either the unfiltered or filtered seismic time series Upon selecting this option an input dialog box appears where the user specifies the seismic file to process Figure 74 shows the graphical output which appears once the appropriate seismic file has been selected SC3 RAV 2015 Edition File Seismi
79. ectrum is calculated and displayed The selected time window can be cleared by double clicking on the left mouse button The frequency spectrum display includes a graphical panel which allows the user to specify the necessary digital filters to apply to the seismic time series under study The digital filter implementation is identical to that outlined for the Cascadable Filter dialog box The user can enable a bandpass filter by enabling check box Bandpass Filter The frequency bandpass is selected by pressing the middle mouse button or lt shift gt right or left mouse button for each frequency in the bandpass ie Fl lt F2 Figure 20 illustrates the frequencies selected by the characters Fl and F2 The Notch Low Pass and High Pass Filters are enabled by checking the appropriate check boxes and specifying the notch low pass and high pass frequencies respectively Once the user has interactively defined the digital filter parameters and has repeated the process for the other seismic trace under study the three filtered component seismic traces are displayed as 1s illustrated in Figure 21 The user may superimpose the filtered onto the unfiltered traces by selecting check box Unfiltered Traces as 1s illustrated in Figure 22 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 13 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Filtered Seismic Traces A Filtered Seismic Traces EL Fie CJOBSISCPTDocumenttion SC3 RAV Fugro Manuali201 3VdetelSC3RAVS2 7ROS 07 0
80. ed to generate either predominantly P and SV waves or predominantly SH waves due to the fundamentally different behavior of these waves at a boundary When a P or SV wave strikes a boundary four outgoing waves are generated SV and P reflected and transmitted In contrast a SH wave will only generate reflected and transmitted SH waves thus simplifying the recorded seismic time series Figure 41 illustrates the source body waves P SV and SH impacting upon a triaxial sensor package As it is shown the particle motion of the P wave is in the same direction as the ray path that of the SH wave perpendicular to the ray path and parallel to the horizontal ground surface while the SV wave s particle motion is also perpendicular to the ray path but along the vertical normal to the ray path The symbols o and 0 define the ray path s angle of incidences in spherical coordinates where O lt 0 lt 2m and O0 lt o lt Tr Moreover it is assumed that the seismic probe remains fixed with its X and Y components aligned with the XY plane Figure 41 Source P SV and SH waves The calculation of the incident angles of the incident on seismic sensor particle motion of the source seismic wave allows the user to derive the full three dimensional seismic source waveform response This information provides insight into the validity of straight ray propagation and into the tilt of the borehole or SC rods In addition incident angle informa
81. een 0 0 to 4 eenent Lis PM 1 0 and should be as close to 1 0 as Component 0 3526 2 1000 possible Values above 0 85 are recommended for the hammer shear source De SH wave source Depth 3 20 Velocity m s EEC 0 1 Time Shift ms x Component 104 03814 8 1000 Y Component 0 9826 6 1000 Figure 14 Velocity Cross correlation Factor and Time Shift Estimates Version 15 0 1 gm Page 10 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software d Store Data Storing the results can be done by pushing the button with the Data Storage icon Ee rere Velocity Type shown at the center bottom of Figure 14 If SS eru O Save the user decides to do so a window opens as shown in Figure 15 in which the name of the output file can be defined by pressing icon IBS pae or manually specifying the output file within A Seve d Bengel fi cese the text box provided If necessary site Site Velocity Parameters GutputFile information can be added or amended by clicking on the Site Info Specification button which opens the window shown in Figure 16 Pex Project Properties After the Output File has been specified the Projectname TesPName Figure 15 Save Velocity Data dialog box Site Information user selects push buttons Save or Re write If Project number Tenates the user selects button Re write and the file Get Test Cent already exists then the file will be re written Tesmumbe Ps371 w
82. es Project name Project number Client Test number Location Operator Date 6 16 2014 Reference Level Reference Level Coordinate System Coordinate System N A E Site Info Specitiction Specify Files l Site Information Converter Water Ground Level Water Level m N A Ground Level m N A Coordinate x NZA Coordinate Y NZA Figure 6 Site Information dialog box Figure 5 Geotech Data Conversion dialog box Page 5 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 2 2 3 Convert Vertek Data The Convert Vertek Data option allows the user to select a set of SCPT data files acquired with some Vertek triaxial systems and to convert these into the SC3 RAV data format for processing as follows Vertek Data Conversion 1 optionally enter update desired site Gasser 1 Speci Fies information by selecting the Site Info LU Fie Type D Source Radial Offset m 2 Source Radial Depth m 0 O ascil 6 Binary Specification button see Figure 6 2 specify the set of files to be converted sre Parameters by clicking on the Specify Files Vertek Data File N A button which opens a File Input Polarization r gt 4 Filelnddeco Right Let None dialog box as shown in Figure 3 dines specify for the file set e Source Radial Offset m Figure 7 Vertek data file converter dialog box e Source Radial Depth m e File Type i e ASCII or binary The values
83. et of the DST source from the seismic receiver The depth offset of the DST source from the ground surface Radial Depth Once these parameters have been specified the user must either generate or select a database M Site Name gt SCPT 2013 SCPT 2013 SCPT 2013 SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPTDEMO SCPT2 SCPT2 SCPT2 SCPTRiahtSide SCPTRightSide SCPTRightSide SCPTRightSide SCPT3RightSide SCPT3RightSide SCPT3RightSide SCPT3RightSide SCPT3LeftSide SCPT3LeftSide SCPT3LeftSide SCPT3LeftSide SCPT 4RightSide SCPT 4RightSide SCPT 4RightSide SCPT 4RightSide Depth m 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 Filter Selected Site Show All Sites j Delete Selected Site Export IV for Selected Site Save as Text File 173 Ge Vecic AELK JAG Arrival Time ms Weight 0 1 25 33 1 41 2 13 975 27 4555 33 5112 43 09 51 4033 58 537 66 231 70 8411 75 823 16 23 503 29 944 16 3 25 065 31 074 36 685 12 819 17 6 Arrival Times Specification 1 v1 m 1 ud s Residual 1 ms 115 2 0 117 5 981E 5 119 9 0 00024 80 0 1041 0 0 1432 0 0 101 3 0 0 117 7 070 137 5 0 0 128 2 0 0 2133 0 0 197 6 0 0 168 2 0 1194 0 140 7 0 126 3 0 31 5 0 126 6 0 147 3 0 which contains the required DST arrival times This step is carried out selecting the Database J after which the graphical database i
84. f call E m ge M d CH JH EI RES E Fasi X Y Z F l 1 W Chart Title NA LA Show Title a E u aveform VSP Display Output where the X component Y component Z component and Full Waveform Seismic Time Series Data is Displayed 0 05 Z 3 00m 0 h 0 05 FW 390mO T 200 250 300 350 400 450 Time ms Amplitude 2 401383 C JOBS SCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Manual 201315C3 Dac Pro Data SCPTSI Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 60 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Velocity profile UE ME MENS Figure 85 Seismic Time Velocity profile F a Series Data Shown in I rri SS VI B e a Ki mx Edit Chat Show PP PP Type Normalize a B Bead data Save Load Legend Print Preview Export Preview Chart Title N A LA Show Tite Figure 84 with the BEE T Globally Normalization edel EE 4 Option Enabled W 1 00m 0 1 z 2 00m 0 1 2 00m 0 1 2 00m 0 A W 2 00m 0 1 3 00 m 0 1 3 00m 0 3 250 Time ms Amplitude 0 275 CJOBSASCPT Documentation SC3 RAV Manual 2013 5C3 Dac Pro Data SCPTS3 similar to the Standard VSP Display software option the user can display peak particle values for acceleration velocity and displacement within the X Y Z Full Waveform display In addition the X Y Z Full Waveform VSP Display allows for the automation of the interval velocities based upon the relative arrival time differences of the peak particle va
85. files in this dialog box 1 e lt SHIFT gt plus left mouse click or lt CTRL gt plus left mouse click After specifying the files to be stacked the user is asked to specify the format of the stacked data file either ASCII or Binary format as shown in Figure 60 and the directory and name for this file as shown in Figure 61 n 4D Specify Seismic Data Files to Stack Ie 3 ell Ben Driling March 52013 SCHT 0SURSL 04 Raw 5 Search OSURSI_ 04 Ra r3 Organize y New folder Ss Fil e Name Date modified Type A Libraries Es oe i SCPTS3 0L5 03 201312 20 59 p m bin 05 03 20131221 BIN F usic tus 3 SCPTS3_ORS_03_2013 12 11 36 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 11 BIN F z in ne 3j SCPTS4 0L5 03 2013 12 23 17 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 24 BIN F e 59 D S k l e d e l b 1 SCPTSA 28503 201312 25 28 pamabin 05 03 20131225 BIN Figure 59 Data Stack file input dialog box 3 SCPTSS 0L5 03 201312 29 25 p m bin 05 03 20131229 BIN F wd Homegroup md a 3 SCPTSS OLS 03 201312 29 37 p m bin 05 03 20131229 BINF NEL a SCPTS5_OR5_03_2013 12 28 39 p m bin 05 03 201312 28 BIN Fi e SS 2 SCPTS5_OR5_03_2013 12 28 54 p m bin 05 03 20031229 BIN Fil e 3 SCPTS5_OR5_03_2013 12 29 11 p m bin 05 03 2013 12 29 EI File 3 ISCH AL m A ES w 2 items selected Date modified 05 03 2013 12 29 PM Date created 05 03 2013 2 04 PM a Size 181 KB File name SCPTSS_OR5_03_201
86. files should be related e either all from the right or the left side and have corresponding incremental depths The program automatically sorts the traces according to their respective depths The user then specifies the appropriate filter parameters and selects the OK button from the Cascadable Filters dialog box The slope of the best fitting line is then defined r e Specify Seismic Data for Batch Job Analysis Lm 2013 gt raw data SCPT 408 gt Right Side Saal p Organize v New folder EH e A Favorites Name Date modified Type BE Desktop Le Full Waveform 04 03 20131 1 PM File folder Ji Downloads 2 SCPT408S1_0R3 6 2010 8 29 15 aci 03 06 2010 8 29AM ACI File 4 Dropbox SCPT40852_0R3 6 2010 8 36 05 aci 03 06 2010 8 36 AM ACIFile i Recent Places 7 SCPT40853_0R3 6 2010 8 40 10 aci 03 06 2010 8 40 AM ACIFile SCPT40854_0R3 6 2010 8 52 07 aci 03 06 2010 8 52AM ACI File A Libraries SCPT40855_0R3 6 2010 8 55 12 aci 03 06 2010 8 55 AM Cl File d Music SCPT408S6_0R3 6 2010 9 03 35 aci 10 9 03 AM CI File Pictures SCPT408S7_0R3 6 2010 9 24 59 aci 10 9 25 AM CI File RH Videos SCPT408S8_0R3 6 2010 9 30 38 aci 3 010 9 30 AM CIFile SCPT408S9_0R3 6 2010 9 33 46 aci 03 06 2010 9 34 AM ACIFile Y Homegroup 2 SCPT408S10_OR3 6 2010 9 41 41 aci 03 06 2010 9 41 AM ACI File 2 SCPT408S11 OR3 6 2010 9 46 20 aci 03
87. formation Finally a covariance matrix is calculated for the hodograms The eigenvalues of this covariance matrix allow for linearity calculations Highly accurate hodograms have a linearity approaching 1 while low accuracy hodograms have a linearity near 0 N Y axis Quadrant I E X axis Quadrant IV Figure 42 Defining output responses frame of reference if the X and Y component responses are positive at the derived arrival time the incident wave must reside in Quadrant III The Polarization Analysis option provides estimates for the user dip and YX plane angle 0 4 assuming the particle motion and ray path direction coincide e as is the case with P waves As a result the user will have to make corrections for both the dip and Y X plane angle estimates for S waves to account for the fact that the particle motion is perpendicular to the ray path For example a SH wave source wave 1 e horizontally polarized has negligible particle motion along the Z axis therefore dip estimates for a SH source wave will be approximately 90 A corrected dip estimate which takes into account the SH wave particle motion would result in a dip angle of approximately 0 The YX plane estimate must also be corrected for the SH wave particle motion due to the fact that the particle motion on the YX plane is 90 offset from the ray path The S wave incident angle corrections are not of great significance as the main goal of P
88. gator selects option Analysis 35 40 45 50 55 60 85 70 Type Cumulative is shown in Figure 58 In the Cumulative case the investigator notes down the computed Spectral Ratio Slope and corresponding relative travel distance between the reference sensor and sensor at depth Relative Distance Next the previously outlined Cumulative WEM NONE Analysis steps and 16 are implemented Full Waveform m s2 Figure 57 Output from Spectral Ratio Analysis Interval analysis with Coherency Factor of 0 6 Spectral Ratio Plot Coherency 0 300 A x Ao e HX 87 6754 ms 0 7473 Spectral Ratio Slope s 0 00321 Q 1 Np N A n X Np N A 5 Np N A AT ms 31 95 Interval Velocity m s 153 118 0 999 Ave Depth m N A Relative Distance m 4 89 Spectral Ratio Ln A2 f Ln amp 1 f Slope 0 00321 Ln Spectral Ratio o L 6 GG o Cw D wa Y an wo cen co cn T 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 G Frequency Hz Full Waveform m s2 40 60 30 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Time ms Figure 58 Output from Cumulative Spectral Ratio Analysis Version 15 0 1 gm Page 45 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 4 Data Stack The Data Stack option allows the user to post stack acquired seismic cone time series When selecting this option the file input dialog box shown in Figure 59 appears where the user can select the seismic files to stack The user can input multiply seismic
89. gital filters with their corresponding parameters When the user selects the button OK in the Cascadable Filters dialog box the screen shown in Figure 43 appears The data graphs displayed on the left from top to bottom are the X component Y component Z component and the full seismic waveform time series absolute amplitude 1 e p t Vx t y t 2 2 t In addition charts are displayed on the right for the rotation of the seismic data to the ray path coordinates of P t SH t and SV t The seismic data shown in Figure 43 was derived by simulating an incident P wave with q 30 and D 60 and a SV wave The user can process this data by selecting the Simulate button and then implementing the steps outlined below The next step in deriving the incident angles is for the user to specify a time window which identifies the seismic wave under study This is accomplished by moving the crosshair in the X Y or Z Component time series graph and pressing the middle mouse button or lt Shift gt left or right mouse button to specify the time window De Tl and T2 Note it is required that Tl is selected before T2 The user may clear the selected time window by double clicking the left or middle mouse button Polarization Analysis G a x X o E File Open Filter Incident Angles Restore P SV SH 180 Phase Change Save P SV SH Simulate Oxl amp x el ES Y Scale P SV SH Data File CAJOBS1SCPT1Software SC3 RAWMdat
90. gram will also remove frequencies equal to double and triple the frequency specified from the seismic trace If the band of frequencies desired is too narrow or wide then a set of cascadable low pass and high pass frequency filters can be utilized Next the user implements the specified filter parameters by checking the Enabled box and then pressing the OK button located at the bottom center of the Cascade Filters dialog box c Calculate Velocity Accuracy and Relative Arrival Time Estimates Once the OK button has been pushed the program provides the user with the velocity cross correlation factor and relative arrival time estimates for each of the three wave components X Y and Z as well as the full or incident waveform time series as shown in Figure 14 The relative arrival time estimates can subsequently be utilized within the FMDSM technique described in Section 3 1 3 The user can re specify the calculated Time Shifts for the output of Automatic Interval Velocities and Manual Interval Velocities by overwriting the values in the table shown in Figure 14 and subsequently re calculate the interval velocities by selecting the calculator push button EE shown at the bottom of Figure 14 The Cross Correlation Function CCF Calculated Velocities factor gives an indication of how closely the correlated filtered seismic traces resemble each other and the reliability of the subsequent velocity estimate The value of the CCF factor is betw
91. gure 21 The maximum correlation value occurs at a time re 14 Figure 25 Chart Editing amp Printing dialog box 15 Figure 26 Sensor Mapping User EE ainia iia dns 15 Proure 21 Batch JobAnalysis dialon DOK dana 16 Figure 28 Output after implementation of standard Batch Job Analysis ooooccccnocnnnnnonnnnn 17 Figure 29 Estimating a reference arrival time of 48 ms at a vertical depth of 4 7 m 17 Figure 30 Implementation of the LLSR technique and corresponding relative arrival times by enabling check box Enable Linear Least Squares Regression as outlined in Figure 10 18 Pisute Sl Reverse Polarity Technigue dialog DO 19 Figure 32 Graphical output from the Reverse Polarity Techngue 19 Figure 33 Main graphical interface screen in the FMDSM software option showing the Source EE Prane eS IMPUTADO aeea E dM NM S eUrUE 20 Figure 34 FMDSM database interface illustrating inputted data for all available sites 21 iure Database conttol DUONG ee ee 22 Figure 36 puteriie DS Tse SCP WD Ci aros 22 Version 15 0 1 Wi Page v BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Figure 37 Specifying a new DST FMDSM databage esses 25 Figure 38 Filtering a newly created database SCPTNew with the initial entries illustrated 24 Figure 39 FMDSM graphical screen after completion of the interval velocity 24 Figure 40 Automatic insertion of the estimated inter
92. hat need to be processed Once signal decay has been applied to the selected files the processed files are stored in sub directory Signal Decay created in the same directory as the selected files if not already present and renamed with SD appended to the file name Figures 67 68 and 69 illustrate the use of the Initial Time parameter Figure 67 oultines a VSP where there is a strong seismic response within Y Se y PES Vk Gi POOR DAE RS FOA SRI A IR VP DE RE 20 ms prior to the arrival of the Eu ie MSS Cl Oe S Co SR ONE EN ER FS desired SH wave starting at V eM M approximately 60 ms at depth 12m Figure 68 shows the same VSP after applying an ntitial Time of 60 ms while Figure 69 shows the outcome when applying batch decay with this Initial Time From the figure it is nel clear that the source wave has been o Me M ONE ON NR NC IR C isolated lea cwcwoa wy Y Y va ror wi e y crat v ky vg Tima fma ee y a 7 I A FE i U J Ne a ep gt t9 1 osi i hl V ANA eta Depth m A eee A Pl WV erm T m m N f LPL OV LON LON mtm a n eee ao ree ant mm fe Ni ron ER c m ge a gg Figure 67 VSP with a strong seismic response prior to the arrival of the SH wave Version 15 0 1 gm Page 49 Depth m BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Depth m B AD 20 28 0 AWD XX LO Time ms 200 220 240 200 e Time
93. he right side o L for traces polarized on the left side The user can modify the seismic trace coloring scheme by selecting the appropriate color button The coloring scheme is then saved within the sc3rav ini file for future applications The user should select user button Bin order to implement newly specified chart configuration parameters If check box Normalize is checked in the Depth Profile graphical interface box then the displayed seismic wave traces are normalized to 1 0 Alternatively the seismic amplitudes are scaled relative to the maximum amplitude within the displayed seismic profile Figure 81 illustrates a typical Standard VSP Display of reversely polarized SH waves The trend ker DO rs lines shown in Figure 1 are 0 SC3 RAV 2015 specified by pressing the middle ae EE Y a IN mouse button or lt shift gt right X A mouse button or shift left mouse button to identify individual points of interest SC3 RAV then automatically draws a line between the points specified and provides a velocity estimate Pressing options Ctrl left mouse button or lt Ctrl gt right mouse button will delete the previously specified trend line Double clicking the middle mouse button will delete all the specified trend lines 71 CAJOBSASCPT Software 2015 5C3 RAVZOTLSXEZ bag Expert FMIDSM Data Test SCPTIOSS3 987 4 2014 12 24 44 PM aci CM uuu i uss
94. here t gt to to initial decay time and h decay factor software option The nitial Time Decay ms and Decay Factor l ms are required user input The Decay Factor is defaulted to 1 0 E Load Files and Apply As the Decay Factor is increased there is a sharper decay of the time series data at the specified time index Initial Decay Time ms 2 0 Decay Factor 1 ms 1 0 Front End Decay Figure 65 illustrates the use of this option on time series data with the nitial Time Delay set to 154 ms and a Decay Factor of 0 5 The traces in red are the decayed seismic data where the effects of the source wave multiples have been minimized significantly It should be noted that if the user wants to apply the decay from the start of the trace to the Initial Decay Time then check box Front End Decay must be checked The Initial Time Decay parameter assumes that any pre trigger data has been removed from the seismic trace For this reason it 1s advised that software option Display Pre s z r a so S a trigger 18 unchecked when determining the Initial Decay Parameter within software options View gt Standard VSP Display View gt X YZ Full Waveform VSP Display and View gt Seismic Data Figure 65 Example of applying the Signal Decay option to time series data with source wave multiples When applying the SC3 RAV option Signal Decay the saved file will not retain the pre trigger information Version 15 0 1 gm Page 48 BCE
95. how Title box The chart title font can be changed by clicking on the Font icon BM which opens a dialog box see Figure 75 The checkbox Display Arrival Times allows the user to specify a specific file with saved arrival times which are then displayed as diamonds in the graph Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 58 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Figure 83 illustrates a Standard VSP Display of the PPA values As mentioned above the display of these values can be enabled and disabled by toggling user interface button m As the user moves the cursor over individual traces the corresponding file name of the seismic trace is displayed at the bottom right hand corner of the chart The user can display acceleration velocity or displacement profiles by pressing the PP Type button l and selecting the desired particle motion SC3 RAV 2015 Edition File Seismic Analysis View Utilities Window Help 3 PS IM ESSE OR IES SPA ESE Seismic Profile m H MEC NE CNN NM H 5b 6 amp B Zoom n ZoomOut Edit Chat Show PP Type Export Arrival Times Save TLEs GUI Save Load Legend Print Preview Export Preview Enable Closest Depth fl Display Site Information Chart Title N A ry fll Show Title Ps Load Arrival Times BP V x 1093 D 487 mis i H m lt a v a PRY x10 3 071253 m s 70 80 Time ms Amplitude 10 604 C Users Gerald Dropbox BCE SCPT 2014 Software SC3 Systems Train
96. imated absorption parameters are summarized and compared with the true values in Table 4 Table 4 Original values vs Results from Spectral Ratio Analysis Parameter Spectral Ratio Estimate Spectral Ratio Slope s 0 00321 Quality Factor O 1 Np 31 25 Fraction of Critical Damping n 0 101 Np Ln Geometric Spreading 0 702 Logarithmic Decrement 0 Np 1 6 Relative Arrival Time AT ms 31 95 Interval Velocity m s 153 153 11 The investigator can reprocess the data set for different coherency values between 0 1 to 0 8 The user simply specifies a new coherency value within the text box and selects button gl For example Figure 57 illustrates the output for a coherency value of 0 6 Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 44 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Spectral Ratio Plot Once the Interval Q values have Coherency 0 600 A x Aoe X X 50 1736 ms 0 6163 been obtained as outlined above for Spectral Ratio Slope s 0 00343 Q 1 Np 29 25 n Np 1 71 amp Np 0 107 AT ms 31 95 a vertical profile the user can interval velocity m s 153 116 0 999 Ave Depth m 7 50 Relative Distance m 4 89 calculate average Q values for En Spectral Ratio Ln A2 f Ln 41 f homogenous layers by AE e E ak O implementing 10 15 and Figure 50 as previously outlined T Slope 0 00343 Ln Spectral Ratio The output for the case where the OS DU ae A IS alae AD as AUDE E SS investi
97. ing 2014 SC3 RAV Exercise SC3 RAV Figure 83 Display of the PPA Values for the X Component Time Series Data Version 15 0 1 Page 59 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 4 3 X Y Z Full Waveform VSP Display The X Y Z Full Waveform VSP Display option allows the user to simultaneously display the X Y Z and Full waveform responses onto a VSP graphical display In the software option the user selects the files to be displayed as previously described for the Standard VSP Display option and the graphical interface box shown in Figure 80 also appears Figure 84 illustrates a typical X Y Z Full Waveform VSP Display where the time series data for the X component Y component Z component and full waveform are displayed The user can normalize the display locally or globally by opening the Normalize pull down menu and then selecting the appropriate normalization option By normalizing the seismic data locally the amplitudes of a X component Y component Z component and full waveform set of time series data for a specific depth are normalized with respect to the absolute maximum value recorded for this set of triaxial data Normalizing the data globally all of the displayed seismic data is normalized with respect to the absolute maximum amplitude recorded within the entire set of displayed data Figure 85 illustrates the seismic data shown in Figure 84 following a global normalization Velocity profile Figure 84 Example o
98. instein arneses 7 ll CTO ess MESH UE 8 la PAA ZG D PES sont sett sarees oe nade E NE E E E E E E 8 oll T2 uto PTO CESS MO aaa 9 od Wa TS TOE Ig e E 12 A IP 16 iZ Reverso Polarity Eege 19 3 1 3 Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method 20 32 ONAN IZ CON NDA EE 26 PeT A BEL e EE een O UE E E 27 3 2 2 Polarization Analysis on an Individual Trace 28 3 2 3 Polarization A alysis mm Batch Mode savia 31 I AO OAS S e E E E E EEE 33 3 2 Coe PASO Lee ZA MALY SIS asosio a NERT E a 36 soL APN a E stews od o bz umulauve ee 37 3 3 2 Spectral AR Al OIA E 38 Ds eZ e ee AA e E E A 38 3 3 2 2 9C OR AV Spectral Ratio REES 42 e Dala sacan E 46 229 Data air AOU E 47 ood MMe Time Series AAA A 47 A 4 A CCA EEN A E A EEE A NE E 48 LT UN Eege 48 ASA A A A A 49 Sl Ganan O E 50 39 Calculate Shear Modulus E 50 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 111 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 4 Kar 32 e A SC e D E 52 o SS e y A 56 AD X Y Z Full Waveform VSP Kreeser 60 AA A E 63 45 Display Interval ele dE EE EE 66 Chapter 5 Bini EE 68 SL DC TANG SCS sonoros 68 A PROA 70 5 3 Full Waveform Component Specification cooocccooccncncnnnnncnnoncnnnnncnnnnnononannnonncnonncnnnnccnnns 70 5 4 Sort SH Data Files and Create Working Directories ooccccoccccoocncnncnnnnnnnnnncnnonccnnonccnnns 71 Chapter 6 Chart Formatting Exporting
99. ion Technique e the Reverse Polarity Technique e the Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method FMDSM When using the Crosscorrelation Technique or the Reverse Polarity Technique it may be advantageous to first rotate the source wave responses onto the full waveform axis or onto the raypath coordinate axes as described in Section 3 2 Polarization Analysis i The Sensor Type geophone or accelerometer should be specified prior to the implementation of the options under Seismic Analysis Section 5 2 outlines the Sensor Type menu and corresponding interface Version 15 0 1 gm Page 7 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 1 1 Crosscorrelation Technique The Crosscorrelation Technique implements a patented mathematical algorithm to derive DST Seismic Analysis Analyse by Pairs interval velocity profiles based on cross correlating zesoen ee the wave recorded at consecutive depth increments ON RT Baziw 1993 The value of the time shift at the wans aas DUE maximum crosscorrelation value 1s assumed to be MER F Sensor Mapping the relative travel time difference for the wave to travel the depth increment This technique has the BAS following advantages over the standard Reverse Reference Time Series Polarity Technique Depth m 0 Anival Time ms 0 e it minimizes the human bias associated with Bl Display and Calculate Arrival Times visually selecting a crossover point in ll Enable Linear Least S
100. ith the licensed copy of this program d Run the licensed copy of this program and select Transfer Que 3 Bring the disk back to this computer and press Next IF there is a significant delay between transfers for example you are moving a license from your work computer to your hame computer you can suspend the transfer process and continue later Continue Transfer Later Lancel Figure 4 Transfer License In Window STEP 5 If you need to close the PC 2 program while you work with the PC 1 program click the Continue Transfer Later button in the above window The system displays the following popup message Continue Transfer Later You have chosen to continue the Transfer In at a later time ith wD When you are ready to complete the transfer select Transfer Into Computer again and you will be asked if you want to complete the pending transfer Figure 5 Continue Transfer Later Popup Window STEP 6 Click OK to acknowledge the above popup Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 80 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 7 Remove the USB Flash Drive from PC 2 and insert it into PC 1 Start the program on PC 1 and when the BCE flash screen appears hit the space bar This will open the License Configuration Manager click the License button as shown below TE Protected Calculator License Configuration Program License Help English A Transter to directory Gi
101. ith the newly processed data If the Save Hr At the office in Vancouver button is selected and the output file already Operator D 5778 95 exists the velocity estimates will be Date Time 6 02 14 appended to the data file Reference Level Water Ground Level Figure 17 shows a typical output data file ome SE a Depending on which filters are enabled the Ground Level m 200 applicable filter frequencies are stored within Coordinate System the output file ZE EE Coordinate Y Figure 16 SCPT Site Information dialog box 2015 Project Name annual 1 ProjectNumber 001 1 Client BCE Test Number 1 Location Vancouver office Site Operator GV 1 Site Date 6 26 2015 11 21 43 AM Coordinate System N A Coordinate X N A Coordinate Y N A Reference Level N A Water Level N A Ground Level N A Velocity Type Depth Depth2 Accuracy Bandpass m sec m m Hertz X 102 10 24 00 25 00 0 99422 30 0 to 100 0 Y 103 29 25 00 26 00 0 97332 30 0 to 100 0 Z 105 34 26 00 27 00 0 98532 300 to 100 Figure 17 Typical output file Version 15 0 1 gm Page 11 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 1 1 1 2 Manual Processing The Manual Processing option is a more detailed analysis of the in situ seismic traces In this option a start time is specified if desired the inputted waves are then analyzed for frequency content after which the filtered and unfiltered traces are displayed in order to de
102. itude m s2 E Depth 1 CIDBSSSCPTATechnical N Depth 2 CMOBSXSCPTATechnical N 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Time ms Figure 53 Spectral Ratio Figure 52 Berlage source wave with dominant frequency of Technique dialog box 55 Hz and recorded at depth 5m Once the appropriate files and options have been specified the user selects button EME so that data processing is commenced For illustrative purposes the Berlage source wave illustrated in Figure 53 1s processed This wave has a dominant frequency of 55 Hz and is assumed to be recorded at a vertical depth of 5m where the source is assumed to have a radial offset from the vertical of 1 5m This wave has been included as Spectral Ratio Source Wave 1 aci on the SC3 RAV installation CD Another source wave included as Spectral Ratio Source Wave 2 aci on the SC3 RAV installation CD is assumed to be recorded at a depth of 10m This wave was generated by assuming a soil layer with a Q value of 30 1 Np relative geometric spreading value of 0 5 and a relative arrival time of 32ms Figure 5 shows these two waves superimposed without a time offset while in Figure 55 a time offset of 32 ms which equates to an internal velocity of 153 m s has been applied Version 15 0 1 gm Page 42 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Amplitude m s2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Y0 3855 100 Time ms Figure 54
103. log box is shown in Figure 93 Here the user can specify the minimum and maximum frequency axis values as well as the precision the number of digits and the increment for both the vertical amplitude axis and the horizontal time axis The minimum and maximum frequency axis values are used for the Crosscorrelation gt Manual Filtering frequency display and the View gt Seismic Data frequency display The default settings for these frequencies are zero and the Nyquist frequency 1 2A where A is the sampling rate respectively If the user wishes to change these values then check box Enable should be checked and the appropriate minimum and maximum frequencies should be specified The precision the number of digits and the increment for both the vertical amplitude axis and the horizontal time axis are used for all charts displayed within SC3 RAV M These settings are then stored within configuration file sc3rav ini so that they will be implemented whenever SC3 RAV is used Default GUI Settings Frequency Scaling Parameters Minimum Frequency Hz H Enabled Maximum Frequency Hz em Amplitude Precizion Digits Display Parameters Precision E Digits 4 Increment 0 001 Time Precision Digits Display Parameters Precision 4 Digits 2 Increment 0 1 X Cancel l Figure 93 Default GUI Settings Page 68 Version 15 0 1 gm BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Seismic Data N H X Axis Y
104. lues To implement this the user should first select the axis component 1 e X Y Z or full waveform from which the relative arrival time will be calculated by enabling pull down menu Arrival Next the user selects menu button Show PP so that the peak particle values are displayed For example Figure 86 illustrates the PPA values for recorded triaxial data The user then selects the appropriate peak particle PP text box and moves it as desired so that the location of the PP value can be identified As the user moves the cursor through the graphical profile interval velocity estimates will be displayed within the bottom message window The two PP values utilized to obtain the relative arrival times will be blink red for easy identification For example in Figure 86 the PPA values at depths 2 0 m and 3 0 m are identified by blinking red dots The corresponding interval velocity is displayed at the bottom of the chart as follows Interval Velocity X 2 00m to X 3 00 m 155 4 m s Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 61 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Velocity profile Edit Chart aes pe fine i a M BACH a B Su Pin Fview xpor revie F 1 gu re 8 6 gt I l lu stration of PPA Values for Captured Triaxial Data In addition the interval velocity between depths 2 0 m and 3 0 m is shown PPA x10 3 1 555E0004 m s2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Time ms Interval velocity X 2 00 m to X
105. lustrated in Figure 32 The user may then save this information in a velocity file by Figure 32 Graphical output from the Reverse selecting HRES as previously described Polarity Technique This allows for easier interval velocity comparisons between Reverse Polarity and Crosscorrelation techniques Time ms T1 38 344 ms Depthl 2 70m T2 47 134 ms Depth2 3 70m Velocity 113 77m s Time ms 31 85 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 19 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 1 3 Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method The Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method FMDSM utilizes seismic ray tracing and optimal estimation techniques to derive DST interval velocities The standard techniques implemented to determine DST interval velocities rely upon obtaining reference P and S wave arrival times as the probe is advanced into the soil profile By assuming a straight ray travel path from source to seismic receiver and calculating relative reference arrival time differences interval DST velocities are obtained The FMDSM offers distinct advantages over conventional DST velocity profile estimation methods such as e utilization of Snell s Law at layer boundaries for ray path refraction e optimization of a non linear cost function which takes into account more details of the DST testing environment and the recorded seismic data e allowance for measurement weights to be specified the possibility t
106. ly the latest saved trace This will save significant time in post processing Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 71 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 6 Chart Formatting Exporting and Printing The graphical edit button Els displayed in various screens allows for chart formatting printing and exporting Figure 99 illustrates the graphical interface that appears when this button is selected which allows for extensive modification of the displayed data and chart attributes In addition the data can be printed by selecting the Print tab which brings up the Chart Printing Dialog Box as shown in Figure 100 Finally this utility has an extensive electronic Help function which is accessed though the Help button at the bottom left of the screen Editing chtAcg FAST Es W ERE Printer HPBCOSES HP Officejet gt Setup Print Orientation gt Portrait 8 Landscape Margins 24 1 a js E E D Figure 100 Chart Printing Dialog Box Version 15 0 1 gm Page 72 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Chapter 7 Window Submenu Options The Window option provides the user with 4 options to arrange the open window s Cascade Tile Horizontally Tile Vertically Minimize All Chapter 8 Help Submenu Options The Help option provides the user with 3 options About provides software version information on SC3 RAV User s Manual will output
107. lysis as only one full waveform response requires analysis instead of several component responses on the X and Y axes Figure 46 illustrates an example of rotating a source wave response onto a single full waveform axis 1 e P wave For this case the investigator will only be required to analyze the X component of the saved rotated waveform 1 e full waveform gets mapped to X component Also note that during post analysis of a rotated waveform it is not necessary to specify digital filters since the derived waves have already been filtered Finally in a case like this the user is encouraged to disable the Z axis time series readings when rotating the SH responses onto the full waveform axes The Z component will have minimal SH readings and rod noise could complicate the polarization analysis This disabling is done utilizing software option Utilities gt Specify Full Waveform Component outlined in Section 5 3 When carrying waveform rotations possible 180 phase changes may sometimes occur due to the uncertainty in determining the reference signs of the X and Y component time series as outlined in Figure 42 If it does it can only result in a 180 phase change making it simple to identify and correct by implementing push button 180 Phase Change Figure 47 illustrates the resulting rotated waveform when this was done on the rotated waveform shown in Figure 46 Polarization Analysis gt c m o E File Open Filter Res
108. ncies encountered in seismic wave propagation Equation 6 may be rewritten in terms of a complex wave number as y u z 7 u z9 c e 975 klo a V ia 8 Substituting equation 7 into 8 and taking real parts since the imaginary component relates to the elastic phenomenon while the real component corresponds to absorption gives U Z 0 u z 0 __ 0 2 __ oT Ww U Z gt 2V Q 20 In eq 9 T 1s the travel time difference between depths z and zo The arrival time difference is strictly a function of frequency however if the distance z zo 1s not too large and V o is not too dispersive then 77 will be approximately constant with respect to frequency therefore for interval analysis the Quality Factor Q can be determined from the dominant frequencies of the wave understudy the relative arrival time and the natural logarithm of the spectral ratio by eq 9 as follows S 10 The propagating waves are also affected by non intrinsic amplitude variation such as instrument gain and geometric spreading The seismic waves recorded by SC3 DAC have been already corrected for instrument gain For stratified media with propagation velocity increasing with depth geometric spreading can be quantified as z Tt DOF 2 11 In 9 Tr 2x SL U Z O HU Zu ol SL 1n where parameter S denotes the geometric spreading of a seismic wave and it 1s repre
109. nput WE Desktop 7 SCPTS1 0L1 29 2013 3 10 04 PM aci 29 01 2013 1 10 PM ACI File Jg Downloads SCPTSI ORI 29 2013 3 09 54 PM aci 29 01 2031 09 PM ACI File t multiply SCISMIC files In this dialog box 1 Dropbox 7 SCPTS2 OUT 29 2013 3 10 11 PM aci 29 01 2013 1 10 PM ACI File e 2 Recent Places 7 SCPTS2_0R1_29 2013 3 10 18 PM aci 29 01 20131 10PM ACI File Le lt SHIFT gt p lus left mouse click or ii SCPTSS_OLI_29 2013 3 10 70 PMaci 29 01 20131 10 PM ACI File ibraries 1 ETE NO dit sc ACI File lt CTRL gt plus left mouse click After the 57 rc s Open button has been selected by the user ius Eu ru o ideos 7 SCPTS4 0L1 29 2013 3 14 18 PM aci 29 01 20131 14 PM ACI File 2 the main Standard VSP Display graphical zB i R 16 items user interface dialog box appears as is illustrated in Figure 80 In addition a Filename C7 sanies cae vertical seismic depth profile appears as is cne illustrated in Figure 81 Figure 79 Standard VSP Display File The graphical interface box provides input dialog box extensive chart display configuration options Depth Profile Parameter Specification A axis options e AXIS options a trace color 01 W Eue e trace color A E clBlue o None do not display the axis EE A component of the selected Depth Range Gm Co e k H seismic data files O Display X Y Z Axis display all Se options trace color py ME clGreen axis
110. nterface illustrated in Figure 34 appears At the top of the interface there are ten buttons with which the user manipulate the database 2 m s Residual 2 ms 3 m s Residual 3 B SCPT 2013 SCPTDEMO SCPT2 SCPT RightSide SCPT 2RiohtGide Figure 34 FMDSM database interface illustrating inputted data for all available sites move to the beginning of the list move one record back move one record forward move to the end of the list insert record delete record a edit a record J post record A undo edit O update list Version 15 0 1 Page 21 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software In addition there are one icon 4 buttons and one checkbox at the bottom of the interface Fiter Selected Site Show All Sites e the Process Selected Site Data icon MEE initiates the FMDSM analysis e the Filter Selected Site button allows the user to filter the arrival time information Figure 35 Database control buttons for a specific site by highlighting that site within the scroll list of available sites on bottom of the user interface window The filtered arrival time information for site SCPTDemo is illustrated in Figure 36 e the Show All Sites button allows the user to undo previous data filtering e the Delete Selected Site button allow the user to delete a specific site by highlighting that site within the scroll list of available sites on bottom of the user interface window e The Export IV for Sele
111. o incorporate unlimited input data e g crossover point arrival times maximum cross correlation time shifts angles of incidence and P wave S wave time separations into the interval velocity estimation algorithm e ability to accurately interpolate interval velocities when measurement data are not available e reporting of meaningful error residuals which indicate the accuracy of the estimated interval velocity Please refer to Appendix 2 for Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method further details and the ability of Source Offset Parameters the FMSDM to obtain variable Padat E Depth i interval velocity estimates In the FMDSM the user is provided with a user friendly interface to specify seismic wave arrival times with corresponding weights within a Windows compatible database This information is derived from implementing SC3 RAV menu options Crosscorrelation Technique gt Batch Job Analysis with Display and Calculate Arrival Times option enabled The graphical screen illustrated in Figure 33 appears when the FMDSM menu option is selected 0 0 0 0 0 0 D e 0 D 0 Receiver Figure 33 Main graphical interface screen in the FMDSM software option showing the Source Offset Parameters input tab Version 15 0 1 gm Page 20 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software The first step in implementing the FMDSM is for the user to specify important parameters The radial offs
112. ode as shown below Kill License four kill confirmation code iz U 14 FRSC AF VE 14 70 BRBS ABES 32 rou should write down this number in case you need to prove that the license was actually deleted Version 15 0 1 gm Page 86
113. og box 5 Figure 7 Vertek data Hle converter didlo g E 6 Figure 8 Output message for successful Vertek data conversion ooccccooccnncnocnnonononcnnacononancnnnnanos 6 Figure 9 Interval Velocities submenu with corresponding analysis options cooocccocccccncnnnnncnnnn 7 Figure 10 Crosscorrelation Technique Interval Velocities dialog box 8 Fis re L1 File Input dialog DOK escri rides 8 Proce 12 Cascadable Eller dialog e 9 Figure 13 Illustration of high impact amplitudes and high bandwidth signals due to rod noise iia Y E 9 Figure 14 Velocity Cross correlation Factor and Time Shift Estimates ooooncncnocccncnoccncnnnnnnnnos 10 Picure 17 Kee Rente TAN rales denia pencas 11 Pisure 15 Save velocity Data dialog KE 11 Figure 16 SCPT Site Information dialog box 11 Figure 18 Start time speci fication message dialog box 12 Figure 19 Graphically specifying the start time parameter coooocccncnoccncnnonnnoninononancnnonanononanncnnnos 12 Figure 20 Three component seismic time series with corresponding frequency spectrum of the x EE 13 Figure 21 Filtered X Y and Z component seismic traces for data files under study 14 Figure 22 Superposition of filtered traces onto unfiltered seismic traces ooccccoocccnonoccnnnnnnnnnnos 14 UMTS 25 CUS SIO DO E 14 Figure 24 X component Y component Z component and Full waveform 1 component crosscorrelation functions between filtered seismic traces shown in Fi
114. olarization Analysis is to rotate the recorded responses on the X Y and Z axes onto the full waveform axis The hodogram technique previously described provides an angle between 90 to 90 The hodogram angle must then be corrected for the full seismic ray angle 1 e O to 360 by determining the quadrant of incidence The latter 1s defined as the angle that results in the proper signs of the X Y and Z component amplitudes at the maximum full waveform amplitude e p t Vx t 2 y t 2 z t 2 For example in the YX plane if the maximum amplitude is indicative of an X and Y component response that is positive then we assume the incident ray resides in the third quadrant as 1s illustrated in Figure 42 If the user were to select the first break point as the waveform s reference point then the YX plane angle derived by utilizing the full waveform s maximum amplitude may have to be adjusted by 180 Version 15 0 1 Page 27 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 2 2 Polarization Analysis on an Individual Trace When applying polarization analysis on an individual trace the user will obtain the incident angle and then rotate the seismograms over this angle The process begins by specifying which seismic data file to read in as was outlined in the previous sections of this manual Once the seismic data file has been specified the Cascadable Filters dialog box appears to allow the user to define the desired di
115. or all charts displayed within SC3 RAVIM In the previously outlined Analyse by Pairs analysis techniques whether automatic or manual it is preferable to first utilize the Polarization Analysis technique to rotate responses on the X Y and Z axes onto one full waveform axis This rotation may not be possible due to latency effects between the X Y and Z responses and in that case the user may want to obtain relative time shifts by cross correlating the X and Y Y and Z and X and Z seismic time series between successive depths using the Sensor Mapping option The Sensor Mapping user interface is Sa enabled by selecting the Sensor Mapping button shown in Figure 10 Figure 26 illustrates the Sensor Mapping user interface For each depth increment 1 e Depth 2 Z Axis Depth 2 Z Axis Depth 2 Z Axis depthl and depth2 the user selects the appropriate radio button which maps the Depthl axis responses with the Depth2 axis responses For example if the investigator Figure 26 Sensor Mapping user interface wanted to correlate the Depthl X axis Depth 1 X Axis Mappin Depth 1 Y Axis Mappin Depth 1 Z Axis Mappim e Depth 2 X Axis 5 Depth 2 X Axis 5 Depth 2 Y Axis Depth 2 Y Axis 5 Depth 2 Y Axis Version 15 0 1 gm Page 15 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software response with the Depth2 Y axis response then radio button Depth 2 Y Axis would be enabled under radio group Depthl X axis Mapping The cal
116. our program you can easily put your custom tailored message here You can even put our own hotlink ta you eb ar email like this Cryprey Canadal Inc salezicicryvpkewy caom J Ta demonstrate the power of Cryplkey Instant we have protected the familiar Calculator program This is set to give a 3 run trial automatically but you can give customers runs or time trials of any size Once the trial has expired to continue H Figure 2 Transfer in Command Transfer License In Step 1 of 3 Transfer In enables you to transfer a license to this program from a licensed copy on another computer For this process you will need 1 floppy disk and access to a licensed copy of this program on another computer Insert a floppy disk into your computer s A dive and press Next at the bottom of this dialog box IF you are using a dive other than dive A enter its path here e Browse caca Figure 3 Transfer License In Window Step 1 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 79 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 4 In the above window use the Browse button if necessary to supply the USB Flash Drive path then click Next The program imprints its registration on the USB Flash Drive and the system displays the following window Transfer License In Step 2 of 3 Now the license needs to be copied to the floppy disk 1 Remove the floppy disk and take it to the computer w
117. ove Harmonics 30 100 0 000 program will move to the Spectral Analysis as shown in Figure 20 In Figure 20 the x y and z component of the seismic trace to be analyzed i e TriaxR4 aci are shown The cross hair displayed in the frequency spectrum and time series is moved around by the mouse with the corresponding frequency and time Imm A AR displayed above the charts The NM e zs MEE frequency spectrum and time series can be zoomed into a desired range by pressing the left mouse button and moving the mouse left to right b l 1500 2500 3000 3500 4000 2000 Frequency Hz Y X Component W Y Component 4 Z Component Frequency Hz 4145 00 Figure 20 Three component seismic time series with corresponding frequency spectrum of the x component The user has the capability to apply a time window on the seismic wave so that the frequency bandpass parameters can be better selected The time window is specified by moving the cross hair in the time domain window and selecting the times by pressing the mouse middle button or Shift right or left mouse buttons which incorporate the desired wave note T1 lt T2 After the time window has been specified the user specifies which component frequency spectrum is to be calculated and displayed by selecting the appropriate radio button under FFT Type The user then clicks the FFT button so that the specified component s time window frequency sp
118. quares Regression deriving interval times which is required by the reverse polarity technique een 1 gone me i HONO CILLUM cetiying Figure 10 Crosscorrelation Technique interval travel times as opposed to a single Interval Velocities dialog box point e the correlation coefficient between the two waves gives the user an indication of the similarity between the two waves being correlated and the subsequent accuracy of the velocity estimate Note Enabling check box Enable Data Interpolation enhances the resolution of the optimized correlator by utilizing linear interpolation between digitally sampled points guaranteeing a minimal time resolution of 0 01 ms equivalent sampling rate of 100 KHz e it obtains two independent velocity estimates for each depth increment by comparing source wave generated on both the right and left side of the seismic probe Figure 10 shows the dialog box which appears when the Crosscorrelation Technique analysis option is selected 3 1 1 1 Analyze by Pairs CO Momm m The Analyze by Pairs option under the M PARA SE E Crosscorrelation Technique refers to sws ums T processing two seismic traces at a time at 9 ae Ba different depth increments in order to 7 SE m derive the seismic interval velocities 7 0 7 ES Referring to Figure 10 running this A option requires the specification of the Ges input file at depth 1 and another file at depth 2 Figure 11 File
119. rameters The selected files will then be processed and the program stores the new data files into a subdirectory Full Waveform that is created if it does not exist already and the files are renamed with extension FW appended to the file name For example file SCPT408S1_0R3 6 2010 8 29 15 ac1 1s renamed to SCPT40851_0R3 6 2010 8 29 15 FW aci As mentioned in Section 3 2 2 for SH wave analysis the full waveforms Full Waveform Axis FWA are stored on the X axis on the rotated trace 1 e only the X axis FWA for file SCPT40851_0R3 6 2010 8 29 15 FW aci should be analyzed This assumes that the full waveforms and ray path refraction are utilized within the interval velocity calculation Version 15 0 1 gm Page 32 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 3 Attenuation Analysis Attenuation of a seismic wave propagating in soils is the decay of the wave amplitude in space Total attenuation arises from geometric spreading due to the change in wave front apparent attenuation due to mode conversion reflection refraction at an interface diffraction and scattering and material losses intrinsic attenuation or absorption In a layered and inhomogeneous soil profile the amplitude of the source wave is affected by the apparent attenuation of transmission and reflection at a layer boundary and the divergence or refraction at the layer boundary The amplitude of the source wave is reduced apparent attenuation at a
120. rated in Figure 67 after application of signal decay 50 Figure 70 Shear Modulus alculation dialog DOX iia 50 Figure 71 Typical interval mass density text Die 51 Figure 72 Calculation of the interval mass density when the interval velocity and mass density depth merements are not synchronized io 51 Figure 73 Typical interval velocity output file from the Calculate Shear Modulus menu option 51 Version 15 0 1 gm Page vi BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Figure 74 Main graphical interface in View Seismic Data software Option cccoocccncnoccncnnocnnnnos 02 art Me PONE CIAO WOK 54 Figure 76 Print Preview dialog DOK gege EE E Ee 54 Hate TIERNO GIAO e EE 54 Figure 78 Seismic trace in View Seismic Data software option 53 Figure 79 Standard VSP Display File input dialog box 56 Figure 80 Standard VSP Profile graphical interface box ococooncnccnoccnnnnocnnonononononccnonanononnnncnonos 56 Figure 81 Filtered Standard VSP Display seismic trace profile 57 Figure 82 Export Arrival Times dialog DOX ooooccccoooncnonocnnnonccnnnnncnnnonccnnnonocnnonncnnnonaccnnnnccnnnns 58 Figure 83 Display of the PPA Values for the X Component Time Series Data 59 Figure 84 Example of X Y Z Full Waveform VSP Display Output where the X component Y component Z component and Full Waveform Seismic Time Series Data i
121. rival times based upon best estimates A new database is specified in one of three ways l 2 Automatically as previously described in Seismic Analysis Interval Velocities Crosscorrelation Technique Batch Processing see Section 3 1 1 2 Manually by going to the bottom of the main FMDSM database list moving the cursor down one row and typing in a new site name After that move the cursor to the Depth m column and type in the corresponding depth move the cursor to the Arrival Time ms column and type in appropriate arrival time and finally move the cursor to the Weight column and type in the appropriate measurement weight usually 1 0 Figure 39 shows an example of the previously implemented steps for test site SCPTNew Arrival Times Specification M Site Name Depth m Arrival Time ms Weight 0 VI ms Residual 1 ms V2 m s Residual 2 ms V3 m s Residual 3 ms SCPTDEMO 13 975 1 80 0 SCPTDEMO 27 4555 1 104 0 SCPTDEMO 33 5112 1 1485 0 SCPTDEMO 43 09 1 101 5 0 SCPTDEMO 51 4033 1 117 8 0 SCPTDEMO 58 537 1 1376 0 SCPTDEMO 66 231 1 128 3 0 SCPTDEMO 70 8411 1 213 4 0 SCPTDEMO l 75 829 1 197 7 0 b SCPTNew h e SCPTDEMO Filter Selected Site l Show All Sites SCPTNew l Delete Selected Site l Export IV for Selected Site Save as Text File Figure 37 Specifying a new DST FMDSM database Next select the Show All Sites or Refresh data O button and subsequently filter the newly created site e
122. rption estimation Three independent velocity estimates for the X Y and Z components Velocity estimate for the full waveform i e incident wavelet p Vx y z Patented P Wave and S wave velocity estimation algorithm Batch job processing Source wave atrival time estimation Linear least squares regression interval velocity estimation Reverse Polarity Technique Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method FMDSM in estimating interval velocities Display of Vertical Seismic Profiles VSPs with trend line specification Ability to save or export user specified arrival times when displaying standard VSPs Display of peak particle accelerations velocities and displacements 3D Displays of VSPs Calculation of interval Gmax values The ability to carry out data interpolation to increase the time series resolution Post data stacking Application of a signal decay function to minimize the effect of source wave multiples Display of calculated interval velocities Version 15 0 1 gm Page 1 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 1 2 Organization of users manual The purpose of this manual is to instruct users of SC3 RAV in the use of the program by explaining its structure taking the user step by step through the program menus and specifying the use of interactive graphics and I O routines In addition the manual contains the following items e Appendix 1 provides a copy of the paper entitled
123. s Displayed 60 Figure 85 Seismic Time Series Data Shown in Figure 84 with the Globally Normalization OPOR TEAS E 61 Figure 86 Illustration of PPA Values for Captured Triaxial Data In addition the interval velocity between depths 2 0 m and 3 0 m is shown oocccocccnnnccncnocnnoncnnnncnnonacnonncnnonnnnnnncnnoncnnonncnnonncnoninons 62 Figure SEN Typical 5D Display data rn UE EE 63 Figure 88 Typical 3D Display same data as in Figure 87 but now filtered and chart copied to Clip DO ats described EE 64 Figure 89 2D display of the FFT results of the filtered data shown in Figure 88 64 Figure 91 Interval Velocities Display incremental depth on the left depth bars on the right with corresponding accuracy for both compression and shear waves ccccsscccsesecesececeeseceenceeseees 66 Fioure 90 Interval Velocities dialog DOR aere 66 Piseurc Ba ee E 68 ee Default GUT Ee 68 Figure 94 View gt Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 6 3 0 01 and 4 2 0 1 respectively oococooccccoccncnocnnnnncnononnss 69 Figure 95 View gt Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 9 9 0 00001 and 6 6 0 00001 respectively 69 Figure 96 Sensor Type and Units dialog DOKOS asa 70 Figure 97 Full Waveform Component Specification dialog box
124. s acquired at the A Cancel same depth Depth2 Figure 31 Reverse Polarity Technique dialog box It is required that Depth2 is greater than Depthl The user can make the required selections by pressing the left mouse button together with the lt CTRL gt or Shift key Once the above data files have been specified the user then selects the OK push button after which the program will ask the user to specify if applicable the filtering parameters for the data files selected Once the traces are filtered if necessary the seismic traces are displayed as is illustrated in Figure 32 The user is required to select interactively e with the mouse the H lio manuarzorsuatascoravs2 7 05 07 0o 1012 54 Paci and CUORSISCPTDocunentsioniSC3 RAV Fugro Manuel 201 Sea crossover point at depthl 1 e T1 and 3 the crossover point at depth2 1 e T2 The crosshair is moved to the desired crossover point and the middle mouse button or lt Shift gt right or left mouse button is selected The crossover point selection can be cleared by double clicking the left mouse button 50 Time ms de lugro Manual 2013 data sC3RAVS3 7LOS5 07 08 10 27 60 PM aci and C WOBSISCPTiDocumentationisC3 R4 Y Fugro Manual201 3wdatarS The user selects the Calculator icon ENE to determine the velocity with travel path corrections corresponding to the crossover times selected The calculated velocity is displayed at the bottom of the chart as is il
125. sented as the Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 38 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software principle radius of curvature In equation 11 T is the propagation time V ms is the root mean square velocity at time T and Mu is the velocity in the upper medium where the source was generated Equation 11 is valid for a point source located close to the surface The frequency spectra of the wave understudy 1s inversely scaled by the geometric spreading as N I S z The relative gain ratio is then defined as N N N 12 Substituting eq 12 into eq 9 results in VM no _ Alo yr 13 N u z o 20 Equation 13 shows that the non intrinsic amplitude variation from depth trace to depth trace will not affect the spectral ratio method In general terms 13 indicates that attenuation due to geometric spreading and apparent attenuation are included in the intercept term and do not affect the intrinsic O estimation derivation as long as they are independent of frequency This is similar to the assumption that the medium velocity V and damping ratio Ds ns are independent of frequency for the frequencies encountered in seismic wave propagation and that the relative travel distance is not too large These assumptions are practically valid when the damping ratio of the soil is small and the frequency range adopted in deriving the spectral ratio is limited In 13 if there was no absorption present 1 e spectral slope
126. the SC3 RAV user s manual in a default pdf browser Appendix will output the paper included in Appendix 1 of this manual in a default pdf browser Appendix 2 will output the paper included in Appendix 2 of this manual in a default pdf browser Link to BCE makes a link to Baziw Consulting Engineers web page Version 15 0 1 gm Page 73 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Appendix 1 Baziw E J 1993 Digital filtering techniques for interpreting seismic cone data Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol 119 No 6 ASCE 98 1018 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 74 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Appendix 2 Baziw E J 2002 Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method Can Geotech J vol 39 pp 1 12 Version 15 0 1 gm Page 75 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Appendix 3 SC3 RAV 2015 Installation Procedure STEP I Run setup exe as an administrator When the screen below appears leave Launch the program checked This will allow for the CrypKey drivers to be automatically installed 4 SC3 RAV InstallShield Wizard InstallShield Wizard Completed The InstallShield Wizard has successfully installed SC3 RAV Click Finish to exit the wizard 2 Launch the program Cancel Version 15 0 1 gm Page 76 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software STEP 2 Obtain
127. tion allows for the derivation of soil properties which require full waveform information e g attenuation and dynamic compaction analysis SC3 RAV calculates an independent velocity estimate for the full source seismic waveform If the primary source wave is a P wave 1e particle motion in same directions as ray path the three component time series X t Y t and Z t can be rotated into the local ray path coordinate system with the longitudinal component in the compression wave P direction and two transverse components in the direction of the shear waves SV and SH In addition if only a SH source wave is present it is advantageous to first rotate the source wave s responses on the X and Y axes onto the full waveform axis This significantly simplifies the post analysis since a single full waveform response is analyzed instead of component responses on the X and Y axes Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 26 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 2 1 Incident Angle The full seismic waveform s angle of incident is determined using Hodograms The analysis procedure can be summarized as follows A time window is first applied to the seismic event of interest The X Y and Z component seismic time series amplitudes are plotted against one another ie hodograms within this time window A least squares straight line best fit is applied to the hodogram This straight line best fit provides angle of incidence in
128. tion parameters Another important advantage of the SRM is that a separate source wave deconvolution is not required since the SRM effectively performs this already for a stationary source wave It should be noted that the Displacement Spectral Decay and the Pulse Width techniques have not yet been implemented 3 3 1 SCPT Absorption Analysis The DST can be implemented to obtain low strain interval absorption estimates The estimation of in situ low strain damping ratios utilizing the DST can play a critical role in adjusting the damping ratio estimates obtained from large strain laboratory tests such as the resonant column test which are susceptible to sample disturbances Another important use of DST low strain damping ratio estimates in geotechnical design is in the estimation of dynamic ground amplification and soil liquefaction susceptibility where low values of the damping ratio is the major cause of high dynamic amplification As such the accurate estimation of low strain damping ratio 1s fundamental for earthquake design problems especially for sandy ground where DST provides more reliable values for the damping ratio than laboratory testing DST in situ low strain absorption values are determined by recording a source wave s decay as it travels over a specified distance This 1s accomplished by either having repeatable source waves recorded at subsequent interval depths or recording the same source wave simultaneously at two different
129. to be physically realizable and it s impulse response said to be causal if it vanishes for negative time 1e f t 2 0 t 0 Decay of free vibration over a period defined as T 27 Where q y1 D and Z a is the dampened natural frequency of the soil In the derivation of eqs 3 and 4 it is assumed that y1 n 1 and Og O 71 Np 8 685889638 dB or 1 dB 0 115129254 Np Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 34 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software Sheriff and Geldart 1982 state that O values for S waves appear to be one half to one third those for P waves Table 1 illustrates typical O values for rocks while Tables 2 and 3 outline estimates of soil damping ratios for laboratory and field measurements respectively Tablel Absorption constants for rocks after Sheriff Geldart 1982 Rock Type Vif dB km Hz Igneous rocks 0 008 0 003 Sedimentary rocks 0 10 0 004 Rocks with gas in pore space 1 3 0 03 Table 2 Laboratory measurements of soil damping after Stewart amp Campanella 1993 Soil Type Damping 7 Q 1 Np O 1 dB Reference 7 Np Cohesive 1 92 5 76 1 15 Sun et al 1988 Clay Zavoral 1990 Sand Ishihara 1982 Cohesionless 11 5 2 9 Seed et al 1986 Sand 10 l 50 5 8 Saxena and Reddy 1989 Table 3 Field measurements of soil damping after Stewart amp Campanella 1993 Soil Type Damping 7 Reference Sand pn 0 Kudo and Shima 1981 Silt Kudo and Shima 1981 Alluvium san
130. to derive and display the smoothed Fast Fourier Transform FFT of selected filtered or unfiltered time series data e Normalize to allow normalization of the data PP Type to select whether the acceleration velocity or displacement values of the time series data are displayed Animate to start or stop rotation of the display Save to save the latest defined chart settings Load to enable the latest defined chart settings Legend to enable and disable the display of chart legend Above these 8 buttons there is another toolbar with 10 options that allow the user to perform the following e LK drag the data series with the left mouse button down to zoom and with the right g g mouse button down to scroll drag the chart to rotate drag the chart to move drag the chart to zoom drag the chart to adjust the depth click to toggle between a 2D and 3D display of the data click to allow for display formatting printing and exporting click to allow for display printing click to copy the display to the clipboard EH eS Eg C o hl click to save the display as a TeeChart Pro file Version 15 0 1 Wi Page 65 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 4 5 Display Interval Velocities When the user selects the Display Velocity Plot Interval Velocities option the file Interval Velocity Profile Type Display Attributes i dial b h Fi 90 Aus ER Fw Asis Accuracy input la 08 OX shown In igur
131. tore P SV SH 180 Phase Change Save P SV SH Simulate Oy 22564 SD e pee E 0 997 Data File C JOBS SCPT Software SC3 RAMV dataltriaxR aci 2 i v Scale P SW SH 2 1362 122 1230 0 0 5 1 X Amplitude 300 Time ms oa ua ES Ki E 4 gt 0 05 Z Amplitude 200 300 Time ms X Amplitude 0 0 5 Z Amplitude Figure 46 Rotation of source wave responses on the X Y and Z axes onto the full waveform axis Polarization Analysis gt a E o E Eile Open Filter Restore P SV SH 180 Phase Change Save P SV SH Simulate 0 225 64 Ey 0 397 go 54 43 e 0 397 Data File CAJOBSISCPT Software SC3 RAMdataltriaxR aci Y Scale P SW SH 0 8407 0 3395 100 200 300 Time ms 200 300 Time ms 100 200 Time ms Figure 47 Applying a 180 degree phase change on the wave shown in Figure 46 Version 15 0 1 Page 30 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 2 3 Polarization Analysis in Batch Mode Batch Polarization Analysis When applying polarization analysis in batch igo eee habe kes Aas mode the dialog box shown in Figure 48 cai MESES AA A appears which allows the user to define a Save Error Estimates to File specific Reference Axis and to input the seismic N A Save Error Estimates Analysis Type data files Load Files and Apply button BI UMS As previously outlined in Section 3 2 2 when xia carrying waveform rotations 180 phase changes may sometimes o
132. ure 76 e Export Preview to open the Export Preview dialog box see Figure 77 Below the row of buttons there are various checkboxes and icons e The Edit Chart Settings icon ca opens the dialog box shown in Figure 99 with which the chart settings can be changed this option can also be used to export or print the chart e The settings can be stored by clicking on the Save Chart Settings icon H e The user can also apply previously stored chart settings by clicking on the Load Chart Settings icon e The user can move the traces in the chart by pressing the right mouse button while moving the mouse of the chart however by checking a particular axis the data for that axis will only move horizontally but not vertically e The checkbox Display Site Information allows to user to specify whether or not the SCPT Site Information is displayed below the graphs e The user can specify the chart title by entering it in the box and the chart title is displayed by checking the Show Title box The chart title font can be changed by clicking on the Font icon M which opens a dialog box see Figure 75 Figure 78a shows the graphical results after specifying a bandpass of 30 to 100 Hz The user may then overlay the unfiltered seismic trace onto the filtered trace by selecting checkbox Overlay as illustrated in Figure 78b The smoothed Fast Fourier Transform FFT of either the unfiltered or filtered seismic trace is derived and displayed by sele
133. val velocities and corresponding error residuals into the FMDSM database nennen nennen enne 25 Figure 41 Source P SV and SH waves incident on seismic sensor eese 26 Figure 42 Defining output responses frame of reference if the X and Y component responses are positive at the derived arrival time the incident wave must reside in Quadrant III 27 Figure 43 Initial Polarization Analysis window ccccscccccsseecceeeeeceeseseceseecceesesceeaeeeeeseseeeeaes 28 Figure 44 Polarization Analysis with good near 28 Figure 45 Polarization Analysis with poor linearity esses 29 Figure 46 Rotation of source wave responses on the X Y and Z axes onto the full waveform O a e A 30 Figure 47 Applying a 180 degree phase change on the wave shown in Figure 46 30 Fisure 4s Batch Polarization dialog DOX soria iii nde node iii 31 Figure 49 DST system configuration for Interval and Cumulative attenuation analysis 37 Pigure 50 Spectral ratio vs relative arrival UME sc seseousncenseanecusaasthsedaaiessaeanssasnnabenentiaaynheneaeenes 41 Figure 51 Deriving interval Q with Spectral Ratio Cumulative Analys 41 Figure 52 Berlage source wave with dominant frequency of 55 Hz and recorded at depth 5m 42 Fiente o Spectral Ratio KE ue Ee E 42 Figure 54 Source Wave 2 in blue superimposed on Source Wave 1 in red without time offset EE 43 Figure 55 Source Wav
134. xt box by up to 20 units Inline Time Series Interpolation Save to File 3 5 2 Save to File The Save to File option of Data Interpolation allows the user to select a set of files for which the data resolution is increased by the specified Resolution amount The selected data files are subsequently saved in identically named files with the subscript Interp appended to the name e g DS4 aci becomes DS4 Interp aci In addition the user can specify the format of the new file either ASCII or Binary format Version 15 0 1 gm Page 47 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 6 Signal Decay File Seismic Analysis View Utilities Window Help 1 1131 1 Pt alculate Interval Velocities y S 3 The Signal Decay option allows the user to minimize norte l Y QUEEN 1 the effect of possible source wave multiples on the Apply Attenuation Analysis gt first arriving source wave and applies an exponential SE 7 Apply Data Interpolation decay function to the selected time series data after a Apply Signal Decay Cl individual Trace user specified time This option can either be applied Wee Batch Processing s u y Calculate Shear Modulus on an individual trace or in batch mode on a series of traces see Figure 63 Figure 63 Apply Signal Decay submenu with corresponding analysis 3 6 1 Individual Trace options Signal Decay Figure 64 shows the user interface for this at Ai eh tto w
135. z Text File Figure 40 Automatic insertion of the estimated interval velocities and corresponding error residuals into the FMDSM database The FMDSM is capable of estimating up to three interval velocities These values are represented by columns V m s V2 m s and V3 m s Due to the structure of the FMDSM there is only one interval velocity for the first and last layers and two interval velocities for the second and second to last layers Interval velocities defined as 0 imply that no estimate was available The columns Residual I ms Residual 2 ms and Residual 3 ms identify the error residual between the specified Arrival Times and synthesized values Forward Modeling by implementing the estimated interval velocities They give an indication of how well our estimated interval velocity model fits the measured data The user should place high weight on an FMDSM interval velocity profile when the three velocity columns V m s V2 m s and V3 m s at each depth increment are nearly identical and there are correspondingly low error residuals which implies a stable solution Significant variability in VI m s V2 m s and V3 m s and or high error residuals mostly likely are associated with improperly specified arrival times or is indicative of lateral soil heterogeneity Version 15 0 1 gm Page 25 BCE SC3 RAV 2015 Seismic Data Analysis Software 3 2 Polarization Analysis DST seismic sources are often design

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