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-1- MCS-51 Microcontroller Family Macro Assembler AAA SSSSSS

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1. Currently the following processor definition files are provided with ASEM 51 ame Manufacturer Versions 8051 MCU Intel 8051 8031 8751BH and others 8051AH 8031AH 8751H 8051AHP 8751H 8 80C51BH 80C31BH 87C51 80C51BHP Atmel 89C51 89LV51 87LV51 80F51 87F51 8052 MCU Intel 8052AH 8032AH 8752BH SIEMENS 80513 8352 5 80C52 MCU Intel 80C52 80C32 87C52 80C54 87C54 80C58 87C58 83C51FX MCU Intel 83C51FA 80C51FA 87C51FA 83C51FB 87C51FB 83C51FC 87C51FC 83C51R MCU Intel 83C51RA 80C51RA 87C51RA 83C51RB 87C51RB 83C51RC 87C51RC 83C51KB MCU Intel 83C51KB 83C51GB MCU Intel 83C51GB 80C51GB 87C51GB 83C151 MCU Intel 83C151SB 87C151SB 80C151SB 83C151SA 87C151SA 83C152 MCU Intel 80C152JA 83C152JA 80C152JB 80C152JC 83C152JC 80C152JD 83C452 MCU Intel 83C452 80C452 8044 MCU Intel 8044AH 8344AH 8744AH 83931HA MCU Intel 83931HA 80931HA 83931AA MCU Intel 83931AA 80931AA 80512 MCU SIEMENS 80512 80532 80515 MCU SIEMENS 80515 80535 80515K 83515 4 80C515 MCU SIEMENS 80C515 80C535 83C515H 83C515A MCU SIEMENS 83C515A 5 80C515A 80C517 MCU SIEMENS 80C517 80C537 C501 MCU SIEMENS C501 1R C501 L C502 MCU SIEMENS C502 2R C502 L C503 MCU SIEMENS C503 1R C503 L C504 MCU SIEMENS C504 2R C504 L C509 MCU SIEMENS C509 L C511 MCU SIEMENS C511 C511A C513 MCU SIEMENS C513 C513A C513A H C513A0 C515 C515A C51
2. Description ASEM 51 Command Line ASEM PIF Working Directory whatever you want Shortcut Key whatever you want Run Minimized Then press the Change Icon button Now a message box appears with the error message There are no icons available for the specified file Simply press the OK button The Change Icon dialog box should be displayed now Fill in File Name ASEM ICO and press the OK button Now the ASEM 51 icon should be displayed in the icon field Press the OK button again When returned to the Program Item Properties dialog box press the OK button In national Windows versions things may look slightly different Now ASEM EXE can be invoked by simply double clicking the ASEM 51 icon After entering the program parameters in a corresponding dialog box ASEM is running in a DOS window which remains open after program termination to let you have a look on the error messages In principle the installation of the protected mode assembler ASEMX EXE can also should be filled with AS 14 be don ASEMX PIF and II 1 7 Running ASI as described above However the Description field EM 51 XMS the Command Line should be the icon File Name should be ASEMX ICO instead EM 51 from BRIEF BRIEF 3 x users can integrate ASEM 51 into their editor by simply defining another D
3. The Towers of Hanoi SGENONLY CONDONLY DISCS EQU 3 number of discs xj HANOI MACRO n SOURCE DESTINATION SCRATCH IFn 0 HANOI n 1 SOURCE SCRATCH DESTINATION l move topmost disc from stick amp SOURCE to stick amp DESTINATION HANOI n 1 SCRATCH DESTINATION SOURCE ENDIF ENDM HANOI DISCS 1 2 3 END The recursive macro HANOI generates an instruction manual for the PROBLEM where the instructions appear as comment lines in the list file The symbol DISCS must be set to the desired number of discs If HANOI is called like this HANOI 3 1 2 3 the following instruction manual is generated 27 3 E move topmost disc from stick 1 to stick 2 39 2 l move topmost disc from stick 1 to stick 3 44 3 l move topmost disc from stick 2 to stick 3 53 1 E move topmost disc from stick 1 to stick 2 64 3 E move topmost disc from stick 3 to stick 1 72 2 move topmost disc from stick 3 to stick 2 81 3 move topmost disc from stick 1 to stick 2 The GENONLY and CONDONLY controls ensure that the table doesn t contain all the macro calls and IF constructions Modify the macro HANOI so that it is generating a move table in ROM which could directly be used as an input for an 8051 controlled robot arm that really plays the game with 3 real sticks and n real discs n Prove that the minimum number of moves is 2 T 7 111 11 8 Nested Macro Definitions
4. Appendix I 712 Abbreviations direct 8 bit DATA address in internal memory const8 8 bit constant in CODE memory const16 16 bit constant in CODE memory addri6 16 bit long CODE address addrll 11 bit absolute CODE address rel signed 8 bit relative CODE address bit 8 bit BIT address in internal memory Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cycles 00 NOP 1 1 01 AJMP addr11 2 2 02 LJMP addr16 3 2 03 RR A 1 04 INC A 1 B 05 INC direct 2 06 INC GRO 1 07 INC GRI 1 08 INC RO T 09 INC R1 1 0A INC R2 1 OB INC R3 1 oc INC R4 1 0D INC R5 1 OE INC R6 1 OF INC R7 ii E 10 JBC bit rel 3 2 11 ACALL addr11 2 2 12 LCALL addrl6 3 2 13 RRC A 1 CY P 14 DEC A 1 P 15 DEC direct 2 16 DEC GRO 1 17 DEC GRI T 18 DEC RO J 19 DEC R1 1 1A DEC R2 1 1B DEC R3 1 IC DEC R4 X 1D DEC R5 1 1E DEC R6 Y 1F DEC R7 1 1 20 JB bit rel 3 2 21 AJMP addril 2 2 22 RET 1 2 23 RL A 1 1 24 ADD A const8 2 CY AC OV P 1 25 ADD A direct 2 CY AC OV P 1 26 ADD A GRO 1 CY AC OV P 1 27 ADD A GRI 1 CY AC OV P 1 73 Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cycles 28 ADD A RO 1 CY AC OV P 29 ADD A R1 1 CY AC OV P 2A ADD A R2 1 CY AC OV P 2B ADD A R3 T CY AC OV P 2C ADD A R4 1 CY AC OV P 2D ADD A R5 T CY AC OV P 2E ADD A R6 i CY AC OV P 2F ADD A R7 1 CY AC OV P 1 30 JNB bit rel 3 2 31 ACALL addr11 2 2 32 RETI T 2 33
5. Assembler Controls SCOND GO SNODEBUG SNOSYMBOLS RS SCONDONLY SIC SNOGE SNOTABS SSA SDA SINCLUDE SNOGEN SNOXR SSAVE SDATE SLI SNOLI SNOXREF SSB SDB SLIST SNOLIST SPAGELENGTH SYMBOLS SDEBUG SMACRO SNOMACRO SPAGEWIDTH STITLE SEJ SMO SNOMO SPAGING STT SEJECT MOD51 SNOMOD51 SPHILIPS SWARNING SERROR SMR SNOMR SPI SXR SGE SNOBUILTIN SNOPAGING SPL SXREF SGE SNOCOND SNOPI SPW SGENONLY SNODB SNOSB SRESTORE ELSE ELSEIF ENDM IFDEF LOCAL ELSEIF ELSEIFNB EXITM IF MACRO ELSEIFB ELSEIFNDEF IF IFNB REPT ELSEIFDEF ENDIF IFB IFNDEF 67 Appendix E Specification of the Intel HEX Format This object file format is supported by many cross assemblers utilities and most EPROM programmers An Intel HEX file is a 7 bit ASCII text file that contains a sequence of data records and an end record Every record is a line of text that starts with a colon and ends with CR and LF Data records contain up to 16 data bytes a 16 bit load address a record type byte and an 8 bit checksum All numbers are represented by upper case ASCII hex characters DATA RECORD Byte 1 colon 2 and 3 number of binary data bytes for this record 4 and 5 load address for this record high byte 6 and 7 load address Y low byte 8 and 9 record type 00 data record 10 to 2 data bytes two characters each x 1 to x42 checksum two characters x 3 t
6. III 10 1 General IFxx Construction Simple IFxx ENDIF constructions can be used to assemble a number of enclosed statements only if a particluar condition is met IFxx condition statement 1 statement 2 Gt ct assembled if condition is TRUE statement n gt ENDIF The statements 1 through n are assembled if condition is TRUE otherwise they are ignored If it should be possible to select two variants of code depending on a particular condition this can be done with an IFxx ELSE ENDIF construction If the condition in the IFxx statement is TRUE then statements 1 to n are assembled and the statements n 1 to nim are ignored IFxx condition statement 1 assembled if condition is TRUE statement n ELSE statement n 1 gt assembled if condition is FALSE statement n m gt ENDIF Should condition be FALSE it is exactly vice versa That means the Statements 1 to n are ignored and the statements n 1 to ntm are assembled This works also if the IFxx or ELSE branches contain no statements at all Whenever more than two cases have to be distinguished a corresponding number of ELSEIFxx branches can be inserted between the IFxx and the ELSE branch In such an IFxx ELSEIFxx ELSE ENDIF construction only the statements in the branch with the first TRUE condition are assembled The statements in all other br
7. he define option is useful for selecting particular program variants rom the command line that have been implemented with conditional assembly t allows to define a symbol with a value and a segment type in th ommand line Value and type are optional The segment type of the symbol efaults to NUMBER if omitted The symbol value defaults to 0 if omitted he symbol value may be any numerical constant The symbol type must be one of the following characters HH Q H Ho CODE DATA IDATA XDATA BIT NUMBER default ZUXHoaQ By default ASEM 51 generates an object file in Intel HEX format When the omf 51 option is specified an absolute OMF 51 module is generated Examples 0 3 asem When invoked without parameters the assembler displays a help screen MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 usage asem options source lt object gt lt listing gt options i includes pathl path2 path3 d define symbol value type 0 omf 51 E columns v verbose 1 asem program a5l will assemble the 8051 assembly language program program a51 and produce an Intel HEX file program hex and a listing program lst 20 2 asem tarzan asm jane jungle prn will assemble the 8051 assembly language program tarzan asm and produce an Intel HEX file jane and a listing jungle prn 3 asem project eprom will assemble th
8. must be known on first pass GI must be preceded by SAVI must be preceded by IFxx no END statement found not allowed in BIT segment only allowed in BIT segment only allowed in CODE segment 61 A register type symbol has been used before it has been EQU d or SET A statement contains characters which are not allowed in MCS 51 assembly language There are syntax errors in a numeric constant A statement is starting with an unknown keyword beginning with a In this position of an expression a valid operand had been expected A statement contains a syntax element which is not allowed in this context A DATA address that is not bit addressable has been used on th left side of a operator A number greater than 7 has been used on the right side of a operator The instruction has previously been disabled with the SPHILIPS control A macro type symbol is used as an operand in a numeric expression During macro expansion the replacement of parameters and or local symbols increases the resulting line length to more than 255 characters In a macro definition a LOCAL in struction is preceded by body lines A macro instruction is used outside of a macro definition or otherwise misplaced in the program structure A macro operator lt gt 6 has been used in a wrong position There are more than one NAME statements in the program The result o
9. For further information on to application programs in other system environments see the corresponding user manuals how to make more or less XMS memory available Another interesting alternative is the Borland 32 bit DPMI server with virtual memory management It cannot be provided with the ASEM 51 package 15 for license reasons but is contained in Borland s Turbo Assembler 4 0 and 5 0 Borland C 4 5x and 5 0x and maybe others It has originally been developed for the Borland command line tools but it also works with ASEMX It requires a 386 CPU or better and allows to extend the free physical memory with a swap file that can be created with the program MAKESWAP EXE Apart of that the 32 bit DPMI server DPMI32VM OVL and the runtime manager 32RTM EXE are required The batch file ASEM32 BAT provided with the ASEM 51 package shows how to run ASEMX with 64 MB of virtual memory using Borland s 32 bit DPMI server II 1 9 The Win32 Console Mode Assembler AS In principle the DOS assemblers ASEM and ASEMX are also running in the Windows 9x NT 2000 XP DOS Box but with some typical DOS specific limitations file names are restricted to the 8 3 format path strings are limited to 64 characters the real mode assembler cannot access more than 640 kB RAM and so on To overcome these disadvantages the ASEM 51 package comes with the new Win32 console mode assembler ASEMW EXE ASEMW is functi
10. Thes right margin of the Code column The segment type of those expressions is t always contain code that consumes space in trast to many other assemblers ASEM 51 lists hat may appear in pseudo instructions is is followed by additional is listed the the DZDWXHUOO CODE DATA IDATA XDATA BIT typeless number register values are listed in hex representation at the the left margin of the Code colum The Source colum finally contains the original source code line A typical source code listing is looking as follows Line I Addr 0 10 01 5 NR m pa pap CQ N KOW m A 1538 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 253 26 If an error is detected in a source line its position is flagged with a character as good as possible and a comprehensiv This is looking as shown below 8000 8002 8004 8008 800A 800E 8012 8016 801A 801E 801F 8022 8025 8028 802B 802D 30 Code 01 00 00 63 65 67 28 aL 00 75 30 20 05 80 N 20 07 02 09 6F 65 68 63 39 30 93 93 30 F6 0 8 00 66 72 74 29 39 0 00 FD FD 04F 90 93 000 0C 66 69 20 20 39 003 30 01 779 columns per line set location counter jump to start address string Source A sample List File Demo Program SNOMOD51 no 8051 SER SPAGEWIDTH 79 SNOTABS expand tabs P1 DATA 09
11. UARTIN JNB RI UARTIN IOV A SBUF LR RI NDM Bo 45 This will work only once If the macro RECEIVE is called multiple times the label UARTIN will be multiply defined This can be solved by simply declaring the symbol UARTIN local For this the LOCAL statement has been introduced After the keyword LOCAL a list of local symbols can be specified separated by commas These symbols will only be valid inside the macro that contains the LOCAL statement LOCAL statements may only be placed directly after the MACRO or REPT statement preceding the first body line They may contain any number of local symbols The macro body may be preceded by an arbitrary number of LOCAL statements Local symbols must be valid symbols unique within the macro and different from the formal parameters if any Keywords cannot be used as local symbol names If a local symbol has the same name as a global symbol the local scope takes precedance during substitution When a macro is expanded its local symbols are always substituted the formal parameters are replaced by the macro arguments and the local symbols that have been declared in a LOCAL statement are replaced by unique global symbol names which the assembler generates during every expansion These have always the format xxxx where xxxx is a unique symbol number Example 2 After a redesign of our previous macro RECEIVE using Se loca
12. symbol define module nam Defines a module name for the OMF 51 object file If no module name is defined the module name is derived from the source file name When generating Intel HEX file output the NAME instruction has no ffect The module name must be a legal assembler symbol Only one NAME instruction is allowed within the program The symbol however may be redefined in the subsequent program Example NAME My 1st Program ORG lt expr gt origin of segment location Sets the location counter of the current segment to the value lt expr gt The value of expr must be known on pass 1 It must be greater or equal to the segment base address The default value of all location counters at program start is 0 Example ORG 08000H 30 USING lt expr gt using register bank Sets the register bank used to expr which must be in the range of 0 3 The USING instruction only affects the values of th special assembler symbols ARO AR7 representing the direct addresses of registers RO R7 in the current register bank The value of lt expr gt must be known on pass 1 The default value for the register bank is O Example USING 1 end of program This must be the last statement in the source file After the END Statement only commentary and blank lines are allowed Example END end of program symbol EQU lt expr gt define numeric
13. the binary value E5H 334 hexbin off 8000 110000 fill 0 project hex eprom will convert the Intel HEX file project hex to a binary image file eprom insert 32K dummy bytes on top of file fill all peepholes and the dummy bytes with nulls and extend the file to exactly 64K When terminating hexbin returns an exit code to the calling process situation exit code no errors 0 conversion errors detected 1 fatal runtime error 2 For getting started with a new assembler it is always helpful to have a program that can be assembled with it For this purpose the 8051 assembler program DEMO A51 is provided which can be used for a first test of the ASEM 51 installation For this you should either have installed ASEM 51 as described above or keep all files of the ASEM 51 package directly in your working directory Under MS DOS or in a Windows DOS Box simply type ASEM DEMO HEXBIN DEMO at the DOS prompt ASEM and HEXBIN should finish without errors and you should have the following new files on your disk DEMO HEX Intel HEX file DEMO LST assembler list file of DEMO A51 DEMO BIN binary image file of DEMO HEX 24 Under Linux type asem demo a51 hexbin demo hex Again asem and hexbin should finish without errors and you should have the following new files on your disk demo hex Intel HEX file demo 1st assembler list fil
14. 2 2 AC IOV R4 direct 2 2 AD IOV R5 direct 2 2 AE IOV R6 direct 2 2 AF IOV R7 direct 2 2 BO ANL C bit 2 EY 2 BI ACALL addr11 2 2 B2 CPL bit 2 1 B3 CPL C Ii CY 1 B4 CJNE A const8 rel 3 CY 2 B5 CJNE A direct rel 3 CY 2 B6 CJNE GRO const8 rel 3 CY 2 B7 CJNE GRI const8 rel 3 CY 2 B8 CINE RO const8 rel 3 CY 2 B9 CJNE RI const8 rel 3 CY 2 BA CJNE R2 const8 rel 3 CY 2 BB CJNE R3 const8 rel 3 CY 2 BC CJNE R4 const8 rel 3 CY 2 BD CINE R5 const8 rel 3 CY 2 BE CINE R6 const8 rel 3 GY 2 BF CJNE R7 const8 rel 3 EY 2 CO PUSH direct 2 2 Cl AJMP addr11 2 2 C2 CLR bit 2 C3 CLR C 1 CX C4 SWAP A T C5 XCH A direct 2 P C6 XCH A GRO dl P C7 XCH A GRI 1 P C8 XCH A RO T P C9 XCH A RI T P CA XCH A R2 1 P CB XCH A R3 1 P EE XCH A R4 1 P CD XCH A R5 T P CE XCH A R6 1 P CF XCH A R7 1 P x 76 Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cycles DO POP direct 2 2 D1 ACALL addr11 2 2 D2 SETB bit 2 1 D3 SETB 1 CY 1 D4 DA A 1 CY E 1 D5 DJNZ direct rel 3 2 D6 XCH A RO 1 P 1 D7 XCH A GRI 1 P 1 D8 DJNZ RO rel 2 2 D9 DJNZ RI rel 2 2 DA DJNZ R2 rel 2 2 DB DJNZ R3 rel 2 2 De DJNZ R4 rel 2 2 DD DJNZ R5 rel 2 2 DE DJNZ R6 rel 2 2 DF DJNZ R7 rel 2 2 EO OVX A DPTR 1 P 2 El AJMP addr11 2 2 E2 OVX A GRO 1 P 2 E3 OVX A GRI 1 P 2 E4 CLR A 1 P E5 OV A direct 2 P E6 OV A GRO 1 P E7 OV A R1 1 p E8 IOV A RO T E9 OV A R1 1 P EA OV
15. 64K When terminating HEXBIN returns an exit code to the operating system situation ERRORLEVEL no errors 0 conversion errors detected 1 fatal runtime error 2 17 H here is also a Win32 console mode version of HEXBIN HEXBINW EXE HEXBINW is functionally identical to HEXBIN but can handle long file names II 2 Linux Implementation Until version 1 2 ASEM 51 was available for MS DOS only To get rid of the original DOS look and feel many interfaces to the operating system had to be modified or rewritten e g command line processing console I O file handling UNIX environment and memory management Furthermore the general behaviour of the programs had to be adapted to UNIX conventions A certain rest of DOS flavour may still be remaining though On the other hand the Linux binaries are able to read ASCII files in both DOS and UNIX format However ASCII files are always written in UNIX format All these differences make it necessary to describe the Linux implementation in a separate section II 2 1 Files Your ASEM 51 distribution archive for Linux should contain the following groups of files 1 asem 51 doc ASEM 51 User s Manual ASCII format docs htm index file of the ASEM 51 documentation HTML format htm further pages of the HTML documentation gif GIF images referenced by HTML pages jpg JPEG images referenced by HTML pages asem assembler Linux 386 asem 1 man
16. A macro body may also contain further macro definitions However these nested macro definitions aren t valid until the enclosing macro has been expanded That means the enclosing macro must have been called befor the nested macros can be called A macro which can be used to define macros with arbitrary names may look as follows DEFINE MACRO MACNAMI MACNAME MACRO ql 50 DB I am the macro amp MACNAME NDM NDM E Ej H n order not to overload the example with knowhow t he nested macro only introduces itself kindly with a suitable character string in ROM The call ct DEFINE Obiwan would define the macro Obiwan MACRO DB I am the macro Obiwan ENDM and the call DEFINE Skywalker would define the following macro Skywalker MACRO DB I am the macro Skywalker ENDM Example 2 A macro is to insert a variable number of NOPs into the E Fou program For this a macro with a nested REPT block seems to be best suited PEAT MACRO NOPS PT NOPS LM D 3 egg lav B gg 4 he macro call REPEAT 4 results in something like that Line I Addr Code Source 9 1 N 0004 REPT 4 10 1 OP llt 1 ENDM 12 2 0000 00 OP 13 2 0001 00 OP 14 2 0002 00 OP 15 2 0003 00 OP III 11 9 Representation in the List File Sometimes macro expansions tend to produce much more listing lines than resulting
17. Bit AT89LV55 8 Bit AT80 AT87 AT80 AT87 AT89S4D12 8 Bit AT87F51RC 8 Bit AT87 AT87 AT87 AT87 Cypress The German Litera F51 8 Bi F51 8 Bi F52 8 Bi F52 8 Bi Chak Gt ct F55 8 Bit LV51 8 bit LV52 8 Bit LV55 8 bit Andreas Roth Das MIKROCONTROLLI icrocontroller wi icrocontroller wi LV Microcontroller icrocontroller wi licrocontroller wi licrocontroller wi icrocontroller wi icrocontroller wi icrocontroller wi icrocontroller wi t ct ct ct icrocontroller wi licrocontroller wi licrocontroller wi licrocontroller wi EZ USB Integrated Circuit Tec n n n n n n K K 4K Byt 8K Byi 70 AT89C51 8 Bit Microcontroller with 4 Kbytes Flash AT89C52 8 Bit Microcontroller with 8 Kbytes Flash AT89C55 8 bit Microcontroller with 20K AT89LV51 bytes Flash licrocontroller with 4 Kbytes Flash licrocontroller with 8 Kbytes Flash licrocontroller with 1 licrocontroller with 2 licrocontroller with 4K icrocontroller with 1 licrocontroller with 8K icrocontroller with 8 Kbyte Flash Kbytes Flash Bytes Flash Bytes Flash bytes Flash Bytes Flash tes ISP Flash tes ISP Flash 02651 03131 TE X 0303C 0366C 0368C Preliminary Preliminary Preliminary 0850B B 12 97 2487A 10 01 1919A 07 01 with 8K Bytes ISP Flash 2601A 12 01 h 12K Bytes Flas th 12K Bytes Flash th 20K bytes Flash 4K Byt 4K By
18. JPEG images referenced by HTML pages ASEM EXE assembler DOS real mode ASEM PIF ASEM program information file for Windows 3 1x ASEM ICO ASEM icon file for Windows 3 1x ASEM2MSG EXE ASEM 51 message filter for Borland IDE ASEM2MSG PAS Turbo Pascal source of ASEM2MSG EXE ASEMX EXE assembler DOS protected mode ASEMX PIF ASEMX program information file for Windows 3 1x ASEMX ICO ASEMX icon file for Windows 3 1x DPMI16BI OVL Borland s 16 bit DPMI server for ASEMX EXE RIM EXE Borland s 16 bit DPMI runtime manager ASEM32 BAT runs ASEMX with Borland s 32 bit DPMI server ASEMW EXE assembler Win32 console mode HEXBIN EXE hex to binary conversion utility DOS HEXBINW EXE hex to binary conversion utility Win32 DEMO A51 a sample 8051 assembler program MCU processor definition files of 8051 derivatives for a detailed list of MCU files see chapter VI Support of 8051 Derivatives 2 BOOT51 DOC BOOT 51 User s Manual ASCII format BOOT51 HTI index file of the BOOT 51 documentation HTML format BOOT51 A51 BOOT 51 assembler source requires ASEM 51 V1 3 CUSTOMIZ EXE BOOT 51 customization utility BOOT BAT batch file for application program upload UPLOAD BAT called by BOOT BAT only COMPORT EXE setup utility for PC serial ports RESET51 EXE program to reset target system via PC ports SLEEP EXE program to wait for the reset recovery tim BLINK A51 sample test program for BOOT 51 3 README 1ST quick information ASCII format LICENSE DOC ASEM 51 Licen
19. ORL Cp bit 2 EY 2 13 JMP GA DPTR 1 2 74 IOV A const8 2 P T 75 IOV direct const8 3 2 76 IOV RO const8 2 TI IOV GRI const8 2 78 IOV RO const8 2 79 OV R1 const8 2 7A OV R2 const8 2 7B OV R3 const8 2 JU IOV R4 const8 2 7D IOV R5 const8 2 7E IOV R6 const8 2 TE IOV R7 const8 2 ab 80 SJMP rel 2 2 81 AJMP addr11 2 2 82 ANL C bit 2 EY 2 83 OVC A GA PC 1 P 2 84 DIV AB dr CY OV P 4 85 IOV direct direct 3 2 86 IOV direct RO 2 2 87 IOV direct GRI 2 2 88 IOV direct RO 2 2 89 OV direct R1 2 2 8A OV direct R2 2 2 8B OV direct R3 2 2 8C IOV direct R4 2 2 8D IOV direct R5 2 2 8E IOV direct R6 2 2 8F IOV direct R7 2 2 90 IOV DPTR const16 3 2 91 ACALL addr11 2 2 92 OV bit we 2 2 93 OVC A A DPTR 1 P 2 94 SUBB A const8 2 CY AC OV P 1 95 SUBB A direct 2 CY AC OV P 1 96 SUBB A QRO 1 CY AC OV P 1 97 SUBB A GRI 1 CY AC OV P d 75 Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cycles 98 SUBB A RO 1 CY AC OV P 99 SUBB A R1 1 CY AC OV P 9A SUBB A R2 1 CY AC OV P 9B SUBB A R3 T CY AC OV P 9C SUBB A R4 1 CY AC OV P 9D SUBB A R5 T CY AC OV P 9E SUBB A R6 1 CY AC OV P oF SUBB A R7 T CY AC OV P 1 AO ORL C bit 2 CY 2 Al AJMP addr11 2 2 A2 MOV E pIE 2 CY M A3 INC DPTR 1 2 A4 MUL AB T Y OV P 4 A5 illegal opcode A6 OV GRO direct 2 2 A7 OV GRI direct 2 2 A8 IOV RO direct 2 2 AY IOV R1 direct 2 2 AA IOV R2 direct 2 2 AB IOV R3 direct
20. TMOD 089H TLO 08AH TL1 O8BH THO 08CH TH1 08DH BIT Addresses ITO 088H IEO 089H ITI 08AH IEI 08BH TRO 08CH TFO 08DH TRI 08EH TF1 08FH RI 098H TI 099H RB8 09AH TB8 09BH REN 09CH SM2 09DH SM1 O9EH SMO O9FH EXO OA8H ETO OA9H EX1 OAAH ETI OABH ES OACH CODE Addresses RESET 0000H EXTIO 0003H TIMERO 000BH Plain Numbers ASEM 51 8051H 65 PI SCON SBUF P2 IE P3 IP PSW ACC EA TXD INTO INTI RSO RS1 FO AC CY EXTI1 TIMER SINT VERSION OBOH OBIH OB2H OB3H OB4H OB5H OB6H 0B7H OB8H OB9H OBAH OBBH OBCH ODOH OD2H OD3H OD4H OD5H OD6H 0D7H 0013H 001BH 0023H 0130H 66 Appendix D location counter A accumulator AB A B register pair ARO AR1 AR2 AR3 AR4 AR5 AR6 AR7 direct register addresses C carry flag DPTR data pointer PC program counter RO R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 registers Instruction Mnemonics ACALL DA JNB MUL RR ADD DEC JNC NOP RRC ADDC DIV JNZ ORL SETB AJMP DJNZ JA POP SJMP ANL INC LCALL PUSH SUBB CALL JB LJMP RET SWAP CJNE JBC MOV RETI XCH CLR JC MOVC RL XCHD CPL JMP MOVX RLC XRL Pseudo Instructions AT DATA DSEG IDATA SET BIT DB DW ISEG USING BSEG DBIT END NAME XDATA CODE DS EQU ORG XSEG CSEG Operators AND GT LOW NE SHL EQ HIGH LT NOT SHR GE LE MOD OR XOR
21. The directories will be searched from left to right The path specified with the INCLUDES option is searched before th path defined with the optional DOS environment variable ASEM51INC The DEFINE option is useful for selecting particular program variants from the command line that have been implemented with conditional assembly It allows to define a symbol with a value and a segment type in th command line Value and type are optional The segment type of the symbol defaults to NUMBER if omitted The symbol value defaults to 0 if omitted The symbol value may be any numerical constant The symbol type must be one of the following characters CODE DATA IDATA XDATA BIT NUMBER default ZWxXHUO ll By default ASEM 51 generates an object file in Intel HEX format When the OMF 51 option is specified an absolute OMF 51 module is generated Options may be abbreviated as long as they remain unique Examples 0 ASEM When invoked without parameters the assembler displays a help screen MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 usage ASEM lt source gt lt object gt lt listing gt options options INCLUDES path1 path2 path3 DEF INE symbol value type OMF 51 COLUMNS QUIET 1 3 ASEM PROGRAM will assemble the 8051 assembly language program PROGRAM A51 and produce an Intel HEX file PROGRAM HEX
22. and a listing PROGRAM LST 23 ASEM TARZAN ASM JANE JUNGLE PRN will assemble the 8051 assembly language program TARZAN ASM and produce an Intel HEX file JANE HEX and a listing JUNGLE PRN 10 9g ASEM PROJECT EPROM will assemble the 8051 assembly language program PROJECT A51 and produce an Intel HEX file EPROM and a listing PROJECT LST 4 ASEM ROVER OME will assemble the 8051 assembly language program ROVER A51 and produce an absolute OMF 51 object module ROVER OMF and a listing ROVER LST zj 5 ASEM sample COM2 NUL will assemble the 8051 assembly language program SAMPLE A51 send the HEX file output to the serial interface COM2 and suppress the list file output by sending it to the NUL device 6 ASEM APPLICAT INC C ASEM51 MCU D MICROS 8051 HEADERS will assemble the program APPLICAT A51 while all required include files will be searched first in the default directory then in C ASEM51 MCU and finally in D MICROS 8051 HEADERS Rod ASEM UNIVERSL D Eva_Board 8000H C will assemble the program UNIVERSL A51 while the CODE symbol EVA_BOARD will be predefined with value 8000H during assembly When program errors are detected they are flagged on the console This may look as follows MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 APPLICAT A51 14 must be known on firs
23. code To list or not to list that is the question The requirements to either get a better overall view or more detailed information may vary in different development phases or program sections To always get the best results a number of general controls has been introduced which influence the representation of macro expansions and IFxx constructions in the list file see chapter III 8 Assembler Controls Control Type Default Abbreviation Meaning SGE G SGEN GE list macro calls and expansion lines SNOGEN G SNOGE list macro calls only SGENONLY G GO list expansion lines only SCOND G SCOND Sa list full IFxx ENDIF constructions SNOCOND G EVE don t list lines in false branches SCONDONLY G 55 list assembled lines only 51 SSAVE G SSA save current SLIST SGEN SCOND state SRESTORE G SRS restore old LIST S GEN SCOND state 52 IV Compatibility with the Intel Assembler With their cross assembler ASM51 Intel has defined and implemented a suitable assembly language for the MCS 51 family which has always been the only real standard in the 8051 world Unfortunately Intel has announced the end of life of ASM51 final version 2 3 and all the other Intel MCS 51 development tools to the end of 1993 The ASEM 51 assembly language is a subset of the Intel standard that guarantees maximum compatibility with existing 8051 assembler sources It implements all 8051 instruc
24. constant lt symbol gt EQU lt reg gt define invariant register lt symbol gt SET lt expr gt define numeric variable lt symbol gt SET lt reg gt define variable register he EQU instruction defines a symbol for a numeric constant or a egister If a numeric expression lt expr gt is assigned to the symbol t will be of the type NUMBER If a register lt reg gt is assigned to he symbol it will be of the type REGISTER reg may be one of the pecial assembler symbols A RO R1 R2 R3 R3 R4 R5 R6 or R7 symbol once defined with EQU can never be changed he SET instruction is working quite similar to EQU However symbols efined with SET can be redefined with subsequent SET instructions he values of lt expr gt and reg must be known on pass 1 A symbol that has been SET cannot be redefined with EQU A symbol that has been EQU d cannot be reSET On pass 2 forward references to a SET symbol always evaluate to the last value the symbol has been SET to on pass 1 Register symbols can be used as instruction operands within the whole program instead of the corresponding registers Forward references to register symbols are not allowed KH HPU tH HQ Examples MAXMONTH EQU 12 OCTOBER EQU MAXMONTH 2 COUNTREG EQU R5 CHAPTER SET 1 CHAPTI ET CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER SET A TD n lt symbol gt CODE lt expr gt define ROM address symbol DA
25. for bit adressable locations EQ or equal to gt NE or lt gt not equal to results are E H or lt less than or less or equal than O if FALSE E G G H or gt greater than FFFFH if TRUE or gt greater or equal than ta Operators that are no special characters but keywords as SHR or AND must be separated from their operands by at least one blank or tab In general expressions are evaluated from left to right according to operator precedence which may be overridden by parentheses Parentheses may be nested to any level Expressions always evaluate to unsigned 16 bit numbers while overflows are ignored When an expression result is to be assigned to an 8 bit quantity the high byte must be either 00 or FF ka highest NOT HIGH LOW unary MOD SHL SHR d o binary EQ NE lt gt LT LE lt GT gt GE gt AND OR XOR V lowest Example The expression Pl 87 3 10 AND 1 SHR ODH will evaluate to 91H 28 III 5 The 8051 Instruction Set ASEM 51 implements all 8051 machine instructions including generic jumps and calls The assembler implements two instructions JMP address CALL address that do not represent a specific opcode generic jump and call These instructions will always evaluate to a jump or call not necessarily the shortest that will reach the specified address JMP may assem
26. need not start in column 1 but may be preceded by any number of blanks and tabs Primary controls may also be preceded by comment lines and SINCLUDE statements provided the corresponding include files are only containing other control statements and commentary The source file may contain blank and comment lines behind the END statement Character strings may also be enclosed in double quotes The DATA symbol for the special function register PCON is predefined The bit operator is legal in all expressions not only in those that have to match the segment type BIT ASEM 51 introduces a set of meta instructions which overlay the Intel MCS 51 assembly language but are not part of it The meta instructions IFxx ELSEIFxx ELSE and ENDIF allow conditional assembly whi and some con For detailed TIT 10 Condi IV 3 Further 53 le the meta instructions MACRO REPT ENDM trol characters form a powerful macro information on meta instructions see chapte tional Assembly and III 11 Macro Processi Differences To make seman ng expressions is slightly different Furthermore expressions with a bit operation type of symbo typeless symb and III 7 Se Except in DB The NOMOD51 The special assembler symbols ARO AR7 are predefined for bank 0 before evaluate to a BIT type result not to N Ols This is described in detail in chap gment Type Cer UMBI ls th
27. record record exceeds file length LENGTH option made file too short B 2 Runtime Errors Runtime errors are operational errors or I O errors If one of these errors is detected it is flagged on the console and HEXBIN is aborting with exit code 2 Error Message Meaning access denied No privilege for attempted operation ambiguous option name Not enough characters specified argument missing Option requires an argument disk full No more free disk space disk write protected Attempt to write to a write protected disk drive not ready Disk drive is off or no media mounted duplicate file name Attempt to overwrite an input or output file fatal I O error General unknown disk or device I O error file not found Intel HEX file not found DOS Windows illegal option syntax Option is not correctly specified invalid argument Option has an illegal argument no input file There is no file name in the command line no such file or directory Intel HEX file not found Linux not a directory Path contains a non directory name Linux path not found Disk or directory not found DOS Windows too many open files No more free file handles too many parameters More than two file names have been specified unknown option Option is not implemented Appendix C Predefined Symbols DATA Addresses PO 080H SP 081H DPL 082H DPH 083H PCON 087H TCON 088H
28. symbol is referenced which has never been defined too many closing parentheses An expression contains more closing than opening parentheses too many opening parentheses An expression contains more opening than closing parentheses too many operands An instruction contains more operands than expected unary operator expected In this position of an expression only unary operators are allowed user defined error A user defined error message has been forced with the SERROR control A 2 Runtime Errors Runtime errors are operational errors or I O errors If one of these errors is detected it is flagged on the console and ASEM is aborting with exit code 2 Error Message Meaning access denied No privilege for attempted operation ambiguous option name Not enough characters specified argument missing Option requires an argument disk full No more free disk space disk write protected Attempt to write to a write protected disk drive not ready Disk drive is off or no media mounted duplicate file name Attempt to overwrite an input or output file fatal I O error General unknown disk or device I O error file not found Source or include file not found DOS Windows illegal option syntax invalid argument no input file no such file or directory not a directory out of memory path not found symbol is predefined too many open files too many parameters unknown option 63 Option is n
29. the corner But it s not half the fun ASEM 51 V1 1 had been distributed and mirrored to more than 60 ftp sites all over the world uploaded to so many BBS and published on at least two shareware CD ROMs But I only received mails from 9 users a local cockroach and an international monster The latter two asked me for permission to sell ASEM 51 for their profit and failed miserably Most of the user mails started with I have copied your assembler from an ftp site which I don t remember It is looking fine on the first glance By the way have you got a data sheet of the 80Cxyz or something like that During all the time I have received one singl rror report only Since it had been reported by phone I couldn t reproduce it Nevertheless two serious bugs have been fixed since version 1 1 but I have found them by myself in November 1995 both Sure ASEM 51 is no mainstream software but to be honest I am a little disappointed of the poor user feedback Finally I should thank the persons who helped me to release ASEM 51 Andreas Kies has tested all previous beta versions of the assembler He has distributed the first releases and maintained a free ASEM 51 support account right from the beginning Gabriele Novak has checked the orthography of all the documentation files Werner Allinger has tested the latest beta version and the bootstrap program Last but not least I want to thank all interes
30. 0H port 1 address INPUT BIT P1 3 pulse input ORG 08000H SJMP START DB 1 7 define bytes DW 2 12 9 define words DB coffeeright c 1999 0 ps 3 define space START MOV COUNT 0 reset counter LLEVEL JNB INPUT LLEVEL wait for high HLEVEL JB INPUT HLEVEL wait for low INC COUNT count pulse JMP LLEVEL next pulse DSEG AT 030H internal RAM COUNT DS 1 counter variable END is inserted rror messag 56 Tr 8022 75 30 00 START MOV COUNT 0 reset counter 18 8025 30 93 FD LLEVEL JNB INPUT LLEVEL wait for high 19 8028 20 93 00 HLEVEL JB INPUT HLEUEL wait for low A symbol not defined QR F ay n E 20 802B 05 30 INC COUNT count pulse Ak 802D 80 F6 JMP LLEVEL next pulse The error diagnosis at the end of program lists the register banks used and the total number of errors detected throughout the assembly register banks used 0 1 3 187 errors detected A register bank counts as used if the program had switched to that bank with a USING instruction or one of the special assembler symbols ARO AR7 has been used while the bank was active The message register banks used means that no bank has been used explicitly and that the program code may but need not be register bank independent After the source code listing and error diagnosis the symbol table or cross reference listing starts By default a sy
31. 1INC C ASEM51 MCU D MICROS MCS51 INCL If include files can neither be found in the working directory nor in the INCLUDES path if specified the assembler searches next C ASEM51 MCU and finally D MICROS MCS51 INCL zi 2 SET ASI 51 INC C ASEM51 MCU SPATHS If ASEM51INC is defined as above in AUTOEXEC BAT after the PATH statement the assembler finally searches the directory C ASEM51 MCU and then all the directories contained in the DOS program search path from left to right The maximum length of lt path gt is limited to 255 characters This cannot be exceeded with the SET command of the DOS command interpreter COMMAND COM but with third party command interpreters like 4DOS max 512 characters Note that trailing blanks and tabs behind the names of environment variables seem to be considered significant under MS DOS If one subsequently defines SET ASEM51INC C ASEM51 MCU and SET ASEM51INC C 8051 MCU there will be two entries concurrently in the DOS environment However the assembler will recognize the second one only Since DOS doesn t truncate trailing blanks and tabs from variable names the assembler can t do this either That is why you should be sure to always define the environment variable without blanks and tabs 12 II 1 5 Running ASEM 51 in the Borland ID ql Turbo C 1 0 thru 3 0 users will ap
32. 3C51KB High Performance Keyboard Microcontroller 272800 001 83C51KB Hardware Description 272801 001 CS 51 Microcontroller Family User s Manual Feb 1994 272383 002 8XC151SA and 8XC151SB Hardware Description June 1996 272832 001 Embedded Microcontrollers 1997 270646 009 8x931AA 8x931HA USB Peripheral Controller User s Manual Sept 97 SAB SAB SAB SAB SAB SAB SAB SAB 80512 80532 Us 80515 80535 Us 80C515 80C535 80C515A 83C515 80C515A 83C515 80C517 80C537 er s Manual er s Manual Data Sheet A 5 Addendum A 5 Data Sheet User s Manual 80C517A 83C517A 5 Addendum 80C517A 83C517A 5 Data Sheet SIEMENS Microcontrollers Data Catalog SAB 80513 8352 5 SAB C501 User s SAB C502 User s SAB C503 User s Application Notes C504 8 Bit CMOS Mi C509 L 8 Bit CMOS C515C 8 Bit CMOS C515 8 Bit CMOS C515A 8 Bit CMOS C517A 8 Bit CMOS C540U C541U 8 Bi C513AO 8 bit CMOS D AL PCB83C552 User s PCB83C552 PCB80C5 ata Sheet lanual lanual lanual and User Manuals CD crocontroller User s icrocontroller User licrocontroller User s crocontroller User s licrocontroller User s licrocontroller User s CMOS Microcontroller icrocontroller User lanual 52 Development Data 8051 Based 8 Bit licrocontrollers Dat B2 B3808 X X 7600 B2 B3976 X X 7600 B158 H6613 X X 7600 B158 H6605 X X 7600 B258 B6075 X X 7600 B158 H6612 X X 7600 B158 H6581 X X 7600 B158 H6569 X X 7600 B158 B
33. 55 characters Everything from the character to the end of line is assumed to be commentary Blank lines are considered to be commentary too The lexical elements of a statement may be separated by blanks and tabs Aside of character string constants upper and lower case letters ar equivalent rj 2 x E MOV A OFFH define label HERE and load A with FFH Examples H YEAR EQU 1999 define symbol for current year SINCLUDE 80C517 MCU include SAB80C517 register definitions III 2 Symbols Symbols are user defined names for addresses numbers or macros Their maximum significant length is 31 characters They can be even longer but everything behind the first 31 characters is ignored Symbols may consist of letters digits _ and characters A symbol name must not start with a digit Upper and lower case letters are considered to be equivalent Note Assembly language keywords must not be redefined as user symbols Example Is this really a SYMBOL is a legal symbol name III 3 Constants 26 Numeric constants consist of a sequence of digits followed by a radix specifier The first character must always be a decimal digit The legal digits and radix specifiers are constant digits radix binary Oats ki B octal O ho Y QorO decimal 0 9 D or none hex 0 F H Thus for example the following constants are equivalent DIIILLIB binary 1770 octa
34. 5C C517A C540U C541U 83C451 83C528 83C550 83C552 83C562 83C652 83C750 83C751 83C752 83C754 83C851 83C852 87LPC762 87LPC768 80C521 80C324 83C154 83C154S 80C310 80C320 80C390 87C520 87C530 87C550 89C420 DS5000 DS5001 MAX7651 COM20051 89C52 87F51RC 89C1051 89C2051 8988252 89851 89852 89853 8984D12 1342910 AN2131 All SIEMENS U SII U SII U SI U SI SI U SI U SI U Philips E ij A un ri nmi p pj pj n QQQOQ 4492809280894 uu vu UD Y ty 5 P D o a WU UU U laxi C tmel 4 94 9 09 0 4 AQ WO G r Q OOO CQ 0 0 EE e po cmeL cmeL cmeL cmeL tmel tmel cme L tmel C Hpprpprrpr D g A 090000000000 U Cypress 59 C513A0 C515 L C515 1R C515A L C515A 4R C515C 8R C517A L C517A 4R 83C517A 5 80C517A C540U C541U 83C451 80C451 87C451 83C528 80C528 87C528 83C524 87C524 83CE528 80CE528 89CE528 83C550 80C550 87C550 83C552 80C552 87C552 83C562 80C562 83C652 80C652 87C652 83C654 87C654 83CE654 80CE654 83C750 87C750 83C751 87C751 83C752 87C752 83C754 87C754 83C851 80C851 83C852 87LPC762 87LPC768 80C521 80C541 87C521 87C541 80C321 80C324 83C154 80C154 85C154VS 83C154S 80C154S 85C154HVS 80C310 80C320 87C320 80C323 87C323 80C390 87C520 83C520
35. 6245 X X 7600 B158 H6723 G1 X 7600 B158 H6722 G1 X 7600 B158 H6650 G1 X 7600 ROM B193 H6900 X X 7400 anual B158 H6958 X X 7600 s Manual B158 H6973 X X 7600 Manual B158 H6981 X X 7600 lanual 04 98 Manual 08 97 Manual 01 99 Data Sheet 10 97 s Manual 05 99 a Handbook 1994 83C754 87C754 Preliminary Specification 1998 Apr 23 87LPC762 Data Sheet 2001 Oct 26 87LPC768 Data Sheet 2002 Mar 12 Eight Bit 80C51 IsM80C154 MSM83C1 licrocontroller TSC 73M2910 2910A Microcontroller Secure Microcontro DS80C320 DS80C323 DS80C390 Dual CAN DS87C550 EPROM Hig 54 User s Manual DS80C310 High Speed Micro 090198 DS87C520 DS83C520 EPROM ROM High Speed DS87C530 DS83C530 EPROM ROM Micro with h Speed Micro with A MAX7651 MAX7652 Programmer s Reference AX7651 MAX7652 Data Sheet 19 2119 Rev 0 8 01 Embedded Processors Data Book 1990 Data Book 5th Edition 1990 10 22 96 rev High Speed Micro User s Guide V1 3 January 1994 011994 ller User s Guide 062001 High Speed Low Power Micro 070196 High Speed Microprocessor 090799 icro 110195 Real Time Clock 112299 D and PWM 091698 DS89C420 Ultra High Speed Microcontroller User s Guide 020602 lanual Atmel 8 Bit AT89LV52 8 Bit AT89C1051 8 Bit AT89C2051 8 Bit AT89C4051 8 Bit AT89C1051U 8 Bi AT89S8252 8 Bit AT89LS8252 8 Bi AT89S51 AT89S52 8 bi 8 bi t ct AT89LS52 8 bit AT89S53 8 Bi AT89LS53 8
36. 87C530 83C530 87C550 89C420 5000FP 5000 5000T 2250 2250T 5001FP 5002FP 5002FPM 2251T 2252T MAX7651 MAX7652 COM20051 89C52 89C55 89LV52 89LV55 87LV52 80F52 87F52 87F51RC 87F55 87LV55 89C1051 89C2051 89C4051 89C1051U 8988252 89LS8252 89551 89552 89LS52 89553 89LS53 89S4D12 73M2910 73M2910A AN2121 AN2122 AN2125 AN2126 AN2131 AN2135 AN2136 derivatives are now manufactured and sold by Infineon Appendix A ASEM 51 Error Messages A 1 Assembly Errors 60 Assembly errors apply to the consistency of the assembly language Error Message program in syntax and semantics If one of these errors is detected it is flagged in the list file and program execution continues When assembly is finished ASEM terminates with exit code 1 Meaning address below segment base address out of range already a macro parameter argument exceeds end of line attempt to divide by zero binary operator expected comma expected commands after END statement constant out of range duplicate local symbol duplicate parameter name ENDIF statement expected ENDM statement expected expression out of range file name expected forward reference to macro Attempt to set the location counter of the current segment below th Segment base address The address of a jump or call instruction cannot be reached with the selected a
37. A R2 1 P EB OV A R3 1 P EC OV A R4 1 P ED IOV A R5 1 P EE IOV A R6 1 P EF IOV A R7 ii p E FO OVX DPTR A 1 2 FI ACALL addril 2 2 F2 OVX GRO A 1 2 F3 OVX GRI A 1 2 F4 CPL A 1 P F5 IOV direct A 2 F6 OV GRO A 1 F7 OV GRI A 1 F8 OV RO A 1 F9 IOV Rl A 1 FA OV R2 A 1 FB IOV R3 A 1 Ee IOV R4 A Y FD IOV R5 A T FE OV R6 A 1 FF OV R7 A 1 Appendix J Order Abbreviations TI address E address 8 bit DATA address in internal memory 8 bit BIT address in internal memory direct const8 8 bit constant in CODE memory const16 16 bit constant in CODE memory addri6 16 bit long CODE addrll 11 bit absolute CODE rel signed 8 bit relative CODE address bit i register numbers 0 or 1 n register numbers 0 thru 7 a 32 m m Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cyc lita ACALL addr11 2 24 ADD A const8 2 CY AC OV P 26 i ADD A Ri 1 CY AC OV P 25 ADD A direct 2 CY AC OV P 28 n ADD A Rn a CY AC OV P 34 ADDC A const8 2 CY AC OV P 364i ADDC A QRi 1 CY AC OV P 35 ADDC A direct 2 CY AC OV P 38 n ADDC A Rn qr CY AC OV P Ol a AJMP addr11 2 54 ANL A const8 2 P 56ti ANL A Ri 1 P 55 ANL A direct e P 584n ANL A Rn 1 P BO ANL C bit 2 CY 82 ANL C bit 2 CY 53 ANL direct const8 3 52 ANL direct A 2 B6 i CJNE Ri const8 rel 3 CY B4 CJNE A const8 rel 3 CY B5 CINE A direct rel 3 CY B8 n CJNE Rn const8 r
38. A 1 CY NLNNNNNNN N NO NI N PRFNHNNNFNNNEFEHREHRERRBNNNNNNNFENN ND 79 Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cycles 03 RR A 1 13 RRC A 1 EY P D2 SETB bit 2 D3 SETB C 1 EX 1 80 SIMP rel 2 2 94 SUBB A const8 2 CY AC OV P 96 i SUBB A Ri 1 CY AC OV P 95 SUBB A direct 2 CY AC OV P 98 n SUBB A Rn 1 CY AC OV P C4 SWAP A 1 C6 i XCH A QRi L P ES XCH A direct 2 P C8 n XCH A Rn 1 P D6 i XCHD A QRi 1 P 64 XRL A const8 2 P 66 1 XRL A Ri 1 P 65 XRL A direct 2 P 68 n XRL A Rn 1 P 1 63 XRL direct const8 3 2 62 XRL direct A 2
39. Assembly III 10 1 General IFxx Construction III 10 2 IFxx and ELSEIFxx Instructions III 11 Macro Processing III 11 1 Simple Callable Macros III 11 2 Macro Parameters III 11 3 Repeat Macros III 11 4 Local Symbols III 11 5 Macro Operators III 11 6 Premature End of a Macro Expansion III 11 7 sted and Recursive Macro Calls III 11 8 Nested Macro Definitions III 11 9 Representation in the List File Compatibility with the Intel Assembler IV 1 Restrictions IV 2 Extensions IV 3 Further Differences List File Format Support of 8051 Derivatives Appendix A ASEM 51 Error Messages A 1 Assembly Errors A 2 Runtime Errors Appendix B HEXBIN Error Messages B 1 Conversion Errors B 2 Runtime Errors Appendix C Predefined Symbols Appendix D Reserved Keywords ql Appendix E Specification of the Intel HEX Format Appendix F The ASCII Character Set Appendix G Literature Appendix H Trademarks Appendix I 8051 Instructions in numerical Order Appendix J 8051 Instructions in lexical Order Foreword to Version 1 0 Today microcontrollers are used in a wide range of applications from simple consumer electronic products to complex avionic components Thus I was not very surprised to find an 80C31 on the videotext decoder board I purchased some time ago Since it had a poor user interface and many bugs I thought I could do it better and so I began to look
40. ELSE and ENDIF statements itself The Control is overridden by SNOLIST SEJECT Starts a new page in the list file The control has no effect when the SNOPAGING control has been specified SERROR string Forces an assembly error with a user defined error message This is intended to support configuration management and can be applied sensefully with conditional assembly only SWARNING string Outputs a user defined warning message to the console and increments the warning count This is also intended to ease configuration management SGEN List macro calls and expanded macros Default The listing fully shows the nesting of macro calls The Control is overridden by SNOLIST SNOGEN List macro calls only The expanded macros are not listed The Control is overridden by SNOLIST SGENONLY List the expanded macro bodies only Macro calls and EXITM statements are not listed The Control is overridden by SNOLIST SINCLUDE file Includes an external source file into the assembler program just behind the SINCLUDE statement If the include file has not been specified with an absolute path and it cannot be found in the default directory the path specified with the INCLUDES command line option if present is searched from left to right and if it cannot be found there either the path specified with the environment variable ASEM51INC if defined is searched from left to
41. EM 51 it has no effect except that it cancels the SNOMACRO control definitions and expand macro calls Default reserve n of free memory for macro definitions Don t save macro definitions and don t expand macro calls Reserve all free memory for the symbol table The control has been implemented for compatibility purposes only In ASEM 51 it only suppresses the macro expansion Switches on and interrupt symbol definitions the built in 8051 special function register Default Switches off the built in 8051 special function register and interrupt symbol definitions The predefined symbols ASEM 51 and VERSION cannot be switched off Switches on Default the page formatting in the list file Switches off the page formatting in the list file Sets the list file page length to n lines 12 lt n lt 65535 Default is n 64 The control has no effect when the SNOPAGING control has been specified Sets the list file page width to n columns 72 lt n lt 255 Default is n 132 Switches on the Philips 83C75x family support option This disables the LJMP LCALL and MOVX instructions as well as the XDATA and XSEG pseudo instructions Generic jumps and calls will always assemble to absolute addressing Generates the symbol table at the end of the list file Default When the SXREF control is active S BOLS has no effect Suppresses the symbol t
42. M51INC Tf include files can neither be found in the working directory nor in the includes path if specified the assembler searches next usr local include asem 51 and finally micros mcs51 inc 2 csh setenv ASEM51INC usr local include asem 51 If ASEM51INC is defined as above in login the assembler finally searches the directory usr local include asem 51 for include files The maximum length of path is limited to 255 characters 22 II 2 5 The HEXBIN Utility Most EPROM programmers are accepting the Intel HEX object file format that is output by ASEM 51 However for dumb EPROM burners and special purposes it might be useful to convert the HEX file to a pure binary image file For this the conversion utility hexbin is provided It is invoked as follows hexbin lt options gt lt hexfile gt lt binary gt where lt hexfile gt is the input file in Intel HEX format and binary is the binary output file All file names that are specified explicitly are left unchanged The parameter lt binary gt is optional When omitted the file nam is derived from the lt hexfile gt but with the extension bin The maximum length of a file parameter is limited to 255 characters Instead of file names you may also specify device names to redirect the input or output to 1 0 devices Device names are assumed to start with dev Of course no extensions will be added to device na
43. MCS 51 Microcontroller Family Macro Assembler AAA SSSSSS EEEEEEE MM M 5555555 11 AA AA SS EE MMM MMM 55 111 AA AA SS EE MM M MM 55 11 AA AA SSSSS EEEEEEE MM MM 555555 11 AAAAAAA SS EE MM MM 55 11 AA AA SS EE MM MM 55 11 AA AA SSSSSS EEEEEEE MM MM 555555 1111 USER S MANUAL Version 1 3 June 25 2002 Copyright c 1994 1996 2001 by W W Heinz II III IV VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword to Version 1 0 Foreword to Version 1 2 Introduction Getting started II 1 DOS and Windows Implementation II 1 1 Files II 1 2 Installation under MS DOS or Windows II 1 3 DOS Command Line Operation II 1 4 DOS Environment II 1 5 Running ASEM 51 in the Borland IDE II 1 6 Running ASEM 51 from Windows 3 1x II 1 7 Running ASEM 51 from BRIEF II 1 8 The DOS Protected Mode Assembler ASEMX II 1 9 The Win32 Console Mode Assembler ASEMW II 1 10 The HEXBIN Utility II 2 Linux Implementation II 2 1 Files II 2 2 Installation under Linux II 2 3 Linux Command Line Operation II 2 4 Linux Environment II 2 5 The HEXBIN Utility II 3 The DEMO Program The ASEM 51 Assembly Language III 1 Statements III 2 Symbols III 3 Constants III 4 Expressions III 5 The 8051 Instruction Set III 6 Pseudo Instructions III 7 Segment Type III 8 Assembler Controls III 8 1 Primary Controls III 8 2 General Controls III 9 Predefined Symbols III 10 Conditional
44. OS environment variable in their AUTOEXEC BAT with SET BCA51 ASEM s This specifies the command for compiling files with extension A51 After that ASEM 51 can be invoked from BRIEF with Alt F10 II 1 8 The DOS Protected Mode Assembler ASEMX In general the proven real mode assembler ASEM EXE is sufficient also for very large programs Nevertheless it may be running out of memory if a program contains a of large macro definitions To close the gap the ASI assembler ASEMX EXE AS huge number of long user defined symbols or lots EM 51 package includes the new protected mod EMX is functionally identical to ASEM but it can use extended memory to meet extreme workspace requirements ASEMX is accompanied by Borland s 16 bit DPMI server DPMI16BI OVL and runtime manager RIM EXE It requires a 286 CPU or better and at least 512 kB of free XMS memory 1 MB recommended When ASEMX is invoked DPMI16BI OVL and RTM EXE must be either in your defaul where ASI EMX EXE directory is or somewhere in your PATH During startup the DPMI server tries to allocate all the remaining free XMS memory for use by ASEMX amount of allocated memo S ET DPMI EM MAXM p n If you don t want this you can restrict the ry with the DOS environment variable DPMIMEM will restrict the XMS memory space used
45. RLC A 1 EX P 34 ADDC A const8 2 CY AC OV P 35 ADDC A direct 2 CY AC OV P 36 ADDC A GRO 1 CY AC OV P 37 ADDC A GRI Y CY AC OV P 38 ADDC A RO y CY AC OV P 39 ADDC A RI i CY AC OV P 3A ADDC A R2 1 CY AC OV P 3B ADDC A R3 1 CY AC OV P 3C ADDC A R4 1 CY AC OV P 3D ADDC A R5 1 CY AC OV P 3E ADDC A R6 1 CY AC OV P 3F ADDC A R7 1 CY AC OV P 1 40 JC rel 2 2 41 AJMP addr11 2 2 42 ORL direct A 2 43 ORL direct const8 3 2 44 ORL A const8 2 P 45 ORL A direct 2 P 46 ORL A GRO 1 P 47 ORL A GRI L P 48 ORL A RO 1 P 49 ORL A RI 1 P 4A ORL A R2 1 P 4B ORL A R3 1 P 4C ORL A R4 1 P 4D ORL A R5 1 P 4E ORL A R6 1 P 4F ORL A R7 1 P 1 50 JNC rel 2 2 51 ACALL addr11 2 2 52 ANL direct A 2 1 53 ANL direct const8 3 2 54 ANL A const8 2 P 55 ANL A direct 2 P 56 ANL A GRO 1 P 57 ANL A GRI 1 P 58 ANL A RO 1 P 59 ANL A RI al P SA ANL A R2 1 P 5B ANL A R3 1 P 5G ANL A R4 T P 5D ANL A R5 1 P 5E ANL A R6 1 P 5F ANL A R7 1 P x 14 Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags Cycles 60 JZ rel 2 2 61 AJMP addr11 2 2 62 XRL direct A 2 1 63 XRL direct const8 3 2 64 XRL A const8 2 P 65 XRL A direct 2 P 66 XRL A RO ili P 67 XRL A GRI T P 68 XRL A RO 1 P 69 XRL A RI il P 6A XRL A R2 1 P 6B XRL A R3 1 P 6C XRL A R4 T P 6D XRL A R5 T P 6E XRL A R6 1 P 6F XRL A R7 1 P 1 70 JNZ rel 2 2 71 ACALL addr11 2 2 72
46. TA lt expr gt define direct RAM address symbol IDATA expr define indirect RAM address symbol BIT lt expr gt define bit address symbol XDATA expr define external RAM address These instructions define symbolic addresses for the five 8051 memory segments address spaces For DATA IDATA and BIT type symbols the value of expr must not exceed OFFH The value of expr must be known on pass 1 Once defined with one of the above instructions the symbols cannot be redefined Examples EPRO CODE 08000H STACK DATA 7 V24BUF IDATA 080H REDLED BIT PRS SAMPLER XDATA 0100H CSEG DSEG ISEG BSEG XSEG lt expr gt lt expr gt lt expr gt lt expr gt lt expr gt e 31 switch to CODE switch to DATA switch to I switch to B DATA IT switch to XI DATA segment segment segment segment segment t address address address address a a a a at address These instructions switch to one of the five 8051 address spaces If a segment bas address is specified with AT lt expr gt a new absolute segment is started and the location counter is set to lt expr gt If AT lt expr gt is omitted the location counter keeps the previous value of the particular segment The value of lt expr gt must be known on pass 1 At program start the default segment is COD and location counters of all segments ar Ex
47. able at the end of the list file When the XREF control is active SNOSYMBOLS has no effect Suppresses the predefined built in symbols in the symbol table or cross reference listing for a better survey Only the user defined symbols are listed Expands all tab characters in the list file output to blanks 37 SXREF Generates a cross reference listing instead of a symbol table Note that this slightly slows down assembly and 9 consumes about 67 more memory space SNOXREF Generates a symbol table instead of a cross reference listing Default Examples SNOMOD51 switch off 8051 SFR symbol definitions SPAGELENGTH 60 set page length to 60 lines per page SPW 80 set page width to 80 characters per line SNOSYMBOLS no symbol table required SNOTABS printer doesn t support tab characters SDATE 2 8 95 date of latest version SXREF generate a cross reference listing DEBUG NOPAGING include debugging information into OMF 51 modules and suppress page formatting III 8 2 General Controls SCOND List full IFxx ELSEIFxx ELSE ENDIF constructions Default The Control is overridden by SNOLIST SNOCOND Don t list lines in false IFxx ELSEIFxx ELSE ENDIF branches The Control is overridden by NOLIST SCONDONLY List lines in true IFxx ELSEIFxx ELSE ENDIF branches only without the IFxx ELSEIFxx
48. amples DSEG CSEG AT 8000h XSEG at 0 m and the base addresses set to Zero Switch to previous DATA segment Start a new CODE segment at address 8000H start a new XDATA segment at address 0 32 III 7 Segment Type Every assembly time expression is assigned a segment type depending on its operands and operators The segment type indicates the address space the expression result might belong to if it were used as an address There are six possible segment types CODE DATA IDATA XDATA BIT NUMBER typeless Most expression results have the segment type NUMBER That means they are assumed to be typeless However in some cases it may be useful to assign a particular segment type The following six rules apply when the segment type is evaluated 1 Numerical constants are always typeless Consequently their segment type is NUMBER 2 Symbols are assigned a segment type during definition Symbols that are defined with EQU or SET have no segment type Labels get the segment type of the currently active segment 3 The result of a unary operation NOT HIGH LOW will have the segment type of its operand 4 The results of all binary operations except and will have no segment type 5 If only one operand in a binary or operation has a segment type then the result will have that segment type too In all o
49. anches are ignored If none of the conditions is TRUE only the statements in the ELSE branch if any are assembled IFxx condition 1 zi assembled if condition 1 is TRUI ELSEIFxx condi ELSEIFxx condi ELSEIFxx condi ENDIF IFxx ELSEIFXx The listing mode of t SCONDONLY controls III 10 2 IFxx and ELS 40 tion 2 assembled if condition 1 is FALS and condition 2 is TRUE LA x tion 3 gt assembled if condition 1 and condition 2 are FALSE and condition 3 is TRUE tion n assembled if condition 1 thru condition n 1 are FALSE and condition n is TRUE assembled if condition 1 thru condition n are FALSE ELSE ENDIF constructions may be nested to any depth hose Gane tons can be set with the COND SNOCOND and EIFxx Instructions The particular IFxx i IF lt expr gt Ther equal IFN lt expr gt The I equal IFDEF symbol The I he p ct IFNDEF lt symbol gt The I in the program Forward references to lt symbol gt are not allowed IFB lt literal gt The I IFNB lt literal gt The I empty nstructions are working as follows F condition is TRUE if the expression lt expr gt is not to 0 The value of lt expr gt must be known on pass 1 FN condition is TRUE if the expressi
50. ary file is the last byte of the HEX record with the highest load address If the binary file should have a well defined length then a number of dummy bytes can be appended to thi file e g for exactly matching an EPROM length this can be performed with the length option length 8000 would append as many dummy bytes behind the last byte of the file that the total file length becomes exactly 32768 bytes The file length must always be specified as a hex number By default hexbin is totally quiet if no errors are detected If the verbose option is specified additional product and version information and a file conversion report is written to standard output 23 Hex File Converter HEXBIN V2 3 offset FFOH bytes first address IFFOH last address 8255H fill peepholes with ASH binary image length 2000H bytes Examples 0 hexbin When invoked without parameters hexbin displays a help screen Hex File Converter HEXBIN V2 3 usage hexbin options lt hexfile gt lt binary gt options o offset lt offset gt 1 length length f fill lt fillbyte gt v verbose 1 hexbin program hex will convert the Intel HEX file program hex to a pure binary image file program bin 2 hexbin f E5 tarzan obj jungle bin will convert the Intel HEX file tarzan obj to a binary image file jungle bin and fill all peepholes between the HEX file records with
51. assembly language programmer is mainly the varying set of special function registers and interrupt addresses It is always good practice to use the same SFR names in a microcontroller application program that the manufacturer of the derivative used has defined For this the processor definition files MCU are provided They all are include files with the special function register definitions of a particular 8051 derivative However the predefined symbols of ASEM 51 must be switched off prior to including the SFR definitions of another derivative as shown below SNOMOD51 SINCLUDE 80C515 MCU This would switch off the predefined symbols of the 8051 and include the register definitions of the 80C515 or 80C535 respectively Hence it is easy for the user to adapt ASEM 51 to a brandnew 8051 derivative All what he has to do is to write a corresponding include file with the SFR definitions derived from the manufacturer s data sheet The name of every processor definition file is corresponding to the ROM version of a particular derivative Of course it also applies to the EPROM EEPROM flash and ROM less versions if any of that derivative By the way the file 8051 MCU provided contains exactly the predefined symbols of ASEM 51 because its internal symbol table has been generated from it To switch ASEM 51 to the reduced instruction set of the Philips 83C75x family of microcontrollers the SPHILIPS control can be used
52. at it should insert a 16 bit onstant only if the numerical value of the parameter UANTITY is greater than 255 therwise the macro expansion should be terminated with XITM before If the macro is called as follows Que Ej n EXIBLE 42 it will be expanded to DB Text in list mode GENONLY SCONDONLY However if it is called like this FLEXIBLE 4711 it will be expanded to DB Text DW 4711 When a macro expansion is terminated with EXITM all IFxx constructions that have been opened within the macro body so far are closed Of course macro bodies may also contain control statements If an include file is inserted into a macro body with a SINCLUDE control and this include file or a nested include file contains an EXITM instruction all include file levels up to the next macro level are closed at this point and the expansion of that macro is terminated immediately III 11 7 Nested and Recursive Macro Calls Macro bodies may also contain macro calls and so may the bodies of those called macros and so forth If a macro call is seen throughout the expansion of a macro the assembler Starts immediately with the expansion of the called macro For this its its expanded body lines are simply inserted into the expanded macro body of the calling macro until the called macro is completely expanded Then th expansion of the calling macro is continued with the body line following the n
53. at are defined with EQU or SET evaluates always to NUM Otherwise it might be difficult in some cases to for ER The segment EXITM and LOCAL processing language xs tics unique especially the precedence of unary operators in B ER ce the definition of s III 4 Expressions instructions the zero length string constant is illegal control disables also the predefined CODE a the first USING statement occurs ddresses V List File Format 54 The ASEM 51 list file format has been designed to give the user as much information about the generated code as possible Besides the source code listed there are five basic layout structures in the listing the page header the file header the line headings the error diagnosis the symbol table or cross reference listing Normally every page of the listing starts with a page header as shown below ASEM 51 V1 3 Copyright c 2001 by W W Heinz PAGE It identifies the assembler contains the copyright information and shows the actual page number at are output in the list the right margin After the page header source lines file format When the maximum number of lines per page is reached another page header is output after a form feed character If your printer doesn t support form feeds the page header can b suppressed with the SNOPAGING control The number of lines per page can b a
54. be switched off with the NOMOD51 control For detailed information on symbols and addresses refer to Appendix C For identification of the assembler and its version number the following NUMBER type symbols are predefined ASEM 51 8051H ASEM 51 VERSION 0130H version 1 3 A These two symbols can not be switched off 39 Conditional assembly allows to assemble or ignore selected parts of code This can be used to keep the code for various program variants in a single source to ease configuration control and maintenance Conditional assembly is also useful to write fancy macros The following fourteen meta instructions have been implemented IF lt expr gt IFI lt expr gt IFDEF symbol IFNDEF symbol IFB literal IFNB literal ENDIF SEIF lt expr gt SEIF lt expr gt SEIFDEF lt symbol gt SEIFNDEF symbol S S S i pr pd SEIFB literal IFNB literal dann X3 EH Meta instructions overlay the Intel MCS 51 assembly language but are not part of it C programmers may compare them to C preprocessor commands In the subsequent text IFxx is used as a collective name for th IF IFN IFDEF IFNDEF IFB IFNB instructions In analogy ELSEIFxx is used as a collective name for the ELSEIF ELSEIFN ELSEIFDEF ELSEIFNDEF ELSEIFB ELSEIFNB instructions not including ELSE
55. ble to SJMP AJMP or LJMP while CALL can only evaluate to ACALL or LCALL Note that the assembler decision may not be optimal For code addresses that are forward references the assembler always generates JMP or LCALL respectively However for backward references this is a powerful tool to reduce code size without extra trouble With the SPHILIPS control ASEM 51 can be switched to the reduced instruction set of the Philips 83C75x family of microcontrollers This disables the LJMP LCALL and MOVX instructions as well as the XDATA and XSEG pseudo instructions and generic jumps and calls will always assemble to absolute addressing The rest of the 8051 instruction mnemonics is listed in Appendix D Appendices I and J are containing tables of all 8051 instructions with their opcodes mnemonics arguments lengths affected flags and durations The comprehensive example program DEMO A51 provided shows all the 8051 instructions in a syntactical context For detailed information on the Intel MCS 51 architecture and instruction set refer to the HTML documentation file MCS51MAN HTM provided Requires a web browser and full Internet access All MCS 51 instruction mnemonics are copyright c by Intel Corporation 29 111 6 Pseudo Instructions In the subsequent paragraphs all ASEM 51 pseudo instructions are described Lexical symbols are written in lower case letters while assembler keywords are w
56. ddressing mode In a macro definition a local symbol is equal to a previously defined parameter name A macro argument contains more opening than closing angle brackets During evaluation of an assembly time expression the assembler has to divide by zero In this position of an expression only binary operators are allowed There should be a character in the marked position The END statement is followed by further assembler statements A numerical constant is greater than 65535 In a macro definition a local symbol is defined multiple times or equal to a previously defined parameter name 4 he parameter names of a macro are not all different There are pending IFxx constructions which are not terminated with an ENDIF meta instruction There are macro definitions which are not terminated with an ENDM instruction The result of an expression is too big or too small for that purpose There should be a valid file name in this position A macro has been called before it has been defined forward reference to register illegal character illegal constant illegal control statement illegal operand illegal statement syntax invalid base address invalid bit number invalid instruction macro type operand maximum line length exceeded misplaced LOCAL instruction misplaced macro instruction misplaced macro operator module name already defined
57. djusted to the paper format with the SPAGELENGTH control The width of the page header and all other lines can be set with the SPAGEWIDTH control The file header appears only on the first page It identifies the assembler lists all input and output files and marks the columns for the line headings A typical file header is looking as shown below MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 Source File demo a51 Object File demo hex List File demo lst Line I Addr Code Source Directly after the fil Every source code lin header starts the listing of the source code lines is preceded by a line heading The line heading consists of four columns line number include file or macro level line address and generated code By default the line headings contain tab characters to save disk space If your printer or file browser doesn t support tabs they can be expanded to blanks with the SNOTABS control The column Line contains the global line number It is not necessarily the local line number within the particular source file but a global line number that is counted over the main source all include files and all macro expansion lines Since include files and macros can be nested arbitrarily the global line number is terminated by a character for the main source and all include file levels and with a character for macro expansion levels The column I flags
58. e 8051 assembly language program project and produce an Intel HEX file eprom and a listing eprom lst 4 asem o rover a51 will assemble the 8051 assembly language program rover a51 and produce an absolute OMF 51 object module rover omf and a listing rover lst 55 asem sample a51 dev ttyS0 dev null will assemble the 8051 assembly language program sample a51 send the HEX file output to the serial interface dev ttyS0 and suppress the list file output by sending it to the dev null device 6 asem i usr local include asem 51 8051 inc app a51 will assemble the program app a51 while all required include files will be searched first in the default directory then in usr local include asem 51 and finally in 8051 inc Fi asem define Eva Board 8000H C universal a51 will assemble the program universal a51 while the CODE symbol EVA BOARD will be predefined with value 8000H during assembly When program errors are detected corresponding error messages are output to standard error This may look as follows applicat a51 14 must be known on first pass userbits inc 6 attempt to divide by zero defines inc 37 symbol not defined applicat a51 20 symbol not defined applicat a51 27 no END statement found Every error is flagged with the name of the source or include file the local line number where it was found and thi rror message itself This output format provides a
59. e of demo a51 demo bin binary image file of demo hex If something goes wrong either ASEM 51 is not properly installed there may be files missing in your distribution or the assembler simply cannot find the include file 8052 mcu demo a51 may also serve as a sample assembler program that includes examples for nearly all machine instructions pseudo instructions assembler controls and meta instructions that have been implemented in ASEM 51 Whenever in doubt how to use a particular command demo a51 may be a valuable help Unlike other assemblers the ASEM 51 list file is no alibi feature It is really instructive to compare the original source to the generated code in the listing 25 III The ASEM 51 Assembly Language The user should be familiar with 8051 microcontrollers and assembly language progranming This manual will not explain the architecture of the MCS 51 microcontroller family nor will it discuss the basic concepts of assembly language programming It only describes the general syntax of assembler statements and the assembler instructions that have been implemented in ASEM 51 III I Statements Source files consist of a sequence of statements of one of the forms symbol instruction arguments comment symbol instruction argument comment Scontrol argument comment Everything that is written in brackets is optional The maximum length of source code lines is 2
60. el 3 CY E4 CLR A 1 P C2 CLR bit 2 ES CLR C 1 CY F4 CPL A ak P B2 CPL bit 2 B3 CPL 1 EY D4 DA A al CY P 164i DEC GRI 1 14 DEC A 1 P 15 DEC direct 2 18 n DEC Rn T 84 DIV AB 1 CY OV P D5 DJNZ direct rel 3 the 3 most significant bits of an absolute address N N NN ON OH 78 FU FO FO FO FI HU FI tU FO FO Opcode Mnemonic Operands Bytes Flags D8 n DJNZ Rn rel 2 06i INC GRI 1 04 INC A 1 05 INC direct 2 A3 INC DPTR 08 n INC Rn 1 20 JB bit rel 3 10 JBC bit rel 3 40 JC rel 2 13 JMP A DPTR 1 30 JNB bit rel 3 50 JNC rel 2 70 JNZ rel 2 60 JZ rel 2 12 LCALL addrl6 3 02 LJMP addr16 3 764i IOV Ri const8 2 F6 i IOV GRi A 1 A6 i IOV Ri direct 2 74 IOV A const8 2 E6 i OV A QRi T E5 IOV A direct 2 E8 n OV A Rn 1 92 IOV bit 2 A2 IOV Cr bit 2 EY 75 OV direct const8 3 86 i OV direct Ri 2 F5 OV direct A 2 85 OV direct direct 3 88 n OV direct Rn 2 90 OV DPTR const16 3 78 n OV Rn const8 2 F8 n OV Rn A 1 A8 n IOV Rn direct 2 93 OVC A GA DPTR T 83 OVC A GA PC 1 FO OVX DPTR A 1 F2 i OVX GRi A 1 EO OVX A GDPTR 1 E2 i OVX A Ri 1 A4 MUL AB Y CY OV 00 OP i 44 ORL A const8 2 46 i ORL A QRi al 45 ORL A direct 2 48 n ORL A Rn 1 AO ORL C bit 2 CY 72 ORL C bit 2 CY 43 ORL direct const8 3 42 ORL direct A 2 DO POP direct 2 CO PUSH direct 2 22 RET 1 32 RETI T 23 RL A 1 33 RLC
61. ested macro call Example 1 INSIDE MACRO BEEN SUBB A R3 ENDM OUTSIDE MACRO 48 IOV A 42 INSIDE IOV R7 A ENDM In the body of the macro OUTSIDE the macro ISIDE is called If OUTSIDE is called and the list mode is set to GENONLY one gets something like the following expansion Line I Addr Code Source 15 1 0000 74 2A MOV A 42 17 2 0002 9B SUBB A R3 18 1 0003 FF MOV R7 A Since macro calls can be nested to any depth while there is free memory the macro expansion level is shown in the I colum of the list file Since macro and include file levels can be nested in arbitrary sequence and depth the nesting level is counted through all macro and include file levels regardless For better distinction the character following the global line number is for include file levels and for macro levels If macros are calling themselves one speaks of recursive macro calls In this case there must be some stop criterion to prevent the macro of calling itself over and over until the assembler is running out of memory Here again conditional assembly is the solution Example 2 The macro COUNTDOWN is to define 16 bit constants from TES 1 thru n in descending order in ROM n can be passed to the macro as a parameter COUNTDOWN MACRO DEPTH IF DEPTH GT 0 DW DEPTH COUNTDOWN SDEPTH 1 ENDIF ENDM If COUNTDOWN is called like this COUNTDOWN 7 something
62. expanded macro body is looking like this in the list file DB Copyright Example 2 SPECIAL passes a semicolon to the macro SPECIAL as a literal argument This could also be done with SPECIAL lt gt Example 3 The macro CONST defines a 16 bit constant in ROM CONST MACRO NUMB DW NUMB ENDM If it is called as shown below CONST 0815H 4711 42 the parameter NUMB would be substituted as follows DW O815H 4711 42 If the same macro argument is preceded by a however CONST 0815H 4711 42 the substitution will result in DW 6738 Example 4 During substitution both arguments of the macro CONCAT A should form a seamless symbol name CONCAT MACRO NAM NUM IOV R3 0 NAM amp NUM DJNZ R3 NAM amp NUM ENDM When CONCAT is called as follows 47 CONCAT LABEL 08 the parameters NAM and NUM are substituted during macro expansion as shown below MOV R3 0 LABELO8 DJNZ R3 LABELO8 III 11 6 Premature End of a Macro Expansion Sometimes it is useful if a macro expansion can be terminated before the end of the macro body is reached This can be forced with the EXITM exit macro instruction However this makes sense in conjunction with conditional assembly only Example FLEXIBLE MACRO QUANTITY DB Text IF QUANTITY LE 255 EXITM ENDIF DW QUANTITY ENDM The macro FLEXIBLE always has to insert the string Text into the CODE space After th
63. f an expression must fully evaluate on pass 1 of assembly A SRESTORE control occurs without a preceding SAVE control An ELSEIFxx ELSE or ENDIF meta instruction occurs without a preceding IFxx meta instruction The program ends without an END statement Instruction is not allowed in a BIT segment Instruction is only allowed in a BIT segment Instruction is only allowed in a 62 CODE segment operand expected An instruction ends before it is syntactically complete phase error A symbol is evaluating to different values on pass 1 and pass 2 or a macro has been defined different on pass 1 and pass 2 Note This is a serious internal assembler error and should be reported to th author immediately preceded by non control lines A primary control occurs after statements that are no assembler controls register type operand A register type symbol is used as an operand in a numeric expression segment limit exceeded The location counter exceeds the boundaries of the current segment segment type mismatch The segment type of an operand does not match the type of the instruction string exceeds end of line A character string is not properly terminated with a quote symbol already defined Attempt to redefine a symbol which is already defined symbol name expected There should be a valid symbol name in this position symbol not defined A
64. for an 8051 cross assembler But in contrast to the huge number of hardware components sold the number of people developing microcontroller software seemed to be remarkable small and so was the number of development tools on the market There was a very small number of good professional cross assemblers for 250 and up too expensive for hobby purposes Aside of useless demos there wer no restricted starter kits or school versions available I found also a few shareware and public domain assemblers But either they were poor and not very reliable or not very 8051 specific or they used some kind of fantasy syntax that was 100 compatible to itself but far away from the Intel standard I didn t like them all There seems to be a general lack of useful and affordable microcontroller development software This is a pity because their universality simple architectures and low prices make microcontrollers so interesting especially for hobby and education So I decided to write a handy 8051 cross assembler for the PC And here it is ASEM 51 V1 0 I hope it will help to discover the wonderful world of microcontrollers Have fun Deisenhofen July 19 1994 W W Heinz Foreword to Version 1 2 More than one year has passed since I had released ASEM 51 V1 1 in October 1994 Although T didn t spend all the time on ASEM 51 V1 2 comes with several extensions bug fixes and numerous functional or internal improvement
65. for the DPMI interface to n kB Never set n to a value greater than 16383 In general the Borland DPMI interface is very reliable and does normally not conflict with other memory managers ASEMX will also run with other versions of DPMI16BI OVI L and RIM EXE provided with various Borland software packages except TC 3 0 and BC 3 1 However there is trouble ahead on systems with more than 16 MB RAM Without specific installation there is a fatal tendency to crash hang or even boot whenever a DPMI program like ASEMX is invoked For proper o required and EMM386 E If EMM386 E peration of the DPMI interface MS DOS 5 0 or later is E must be loaded E has been loaded with parameters e g NOEMS the Borland 16 bit DPMI server cannot handle more than 16 MB However without parameters i nnnn x nnnn are o k or with other DPMI servers there may be more In thes Cases ASI EMX can use up to 64 MB of extended memory If ASEMX is running in a system environment with an own DPMI server e g the Windows DOS Box RIM E instead of DPMI16BI OVL no effect To restrict E will detect this and use the active DPMI server In or increase t this case the environment variable DPMIMEM has he available XMS memory for the Windows 3 1x DOS prompt change file DOSPRMPT PIF in your WINDOWS directory with the Windows PIF file editor
66. gt listing lt options gt where source is the 8051 assembler source object is the output file and listing is the assembler list file The parameters object and listing are optional When omitted the file names are derived from the source file name but with extensions HEX or OMF and LST All file names may be specified without extensions In these cases the assembler adds default extensions as shown below extension 9 source A51 object HEX with OMF 51 option OMF listing LST If you want a file name to have no extension terminate it with a Instead of file names you may also specify device names to redirect th output to character I O ports Device names may be terminated with a It is not checked whether the device is existing or suitable for the task Although it is possible to read the source file from a character device e g CON instead of a file this cannot be recommended Since ASEM 51 is a two pass assembler it always reads the source file twice ASEM recognizes the following options INCLUDES pathl path2 pathn DEFINE symbol value type OMF 51 COLUMNS QUIET When the INCLUDES option is used the assembler searches the specified path for include files that cannot be found in the working directory The path may be any number of directories separated by characters
67. he symbol BAUDRATE is defined with one of the legal values 9600 or 1200 timer 1 is initialized accordingly If the symbol BAUDRATE is defined with another value a corresponding user defined error message is generated 42 III 11 Macro Processing Macros allow to combine basic assembler instructions to super commands For this macros are defined as blocks of code which can be used in a program wherever it is desired However an advanced macro design with parameters local symbols and macro operators combined with conditional assembly goes far beyond this basic functionality With only five keywords MACRO REPT ENDM EXITM LOCAL and some control characters the ASEM 51 macro processor provides a variety of powerful tools These five meta instructions are not part of the Intel MCS 51 assembly language but overlay it as already known from conditional assembly There are two sorts of macros callable macros and repeat blocks III 11 1 Simple Callable Macros Macros must first be defined before they can be called in a program A simple macro definition consists of the macro name which can be defined with the keyword MACRO the macro body and a final ENDM end macro instruction macro name MACRO body line 1 body line 2 body line m ENDM The macro name must be a valid unique symbol It cannot be redefined later Keywords cannot be used as macro names The mac
68. hook to run ASEM 51 from third party IDEs A perfect fit may be reached with the columns option When specified the column numbers of program errors are output additionally after the line numbers applicat a51 14 12 must be known on first pass userbits inc 6 27 attempt to divide by zero defines inc 37 18 symbol not defined applicat a51 20 18 symbol not defined applicat a51 27 1 no END statement found If errors are detected in macro expansion lines there is no corresponding location in the source file Therefore the error is flagged with the name of the source or include file and the local line number from where the macro expansion has been invoked For callable macros this is the line with the macro call and for repeat blocks this is the ENDM line To give the user a hint the macro name and expansion line and optionally column number are inserted before the actual error message uartio a51 44 1 RECEIVE 3 22 segment type mismatch uartio a51 87 1 REPT 4 19 symbol not defined uartio a51 87 1 REPT 8 19 symbol not defined uartio a51 87 1 REPT 12 19 symbol not defined 2 The expansion line number is the number of the expansion line within the corresponding macro expansion starting with 1 If the error occurs during expansion of a repeat block the keyword REPT replaces the macro name By default ASEM 51 is totally quiet if no errors are detected If the
69. ine 1 43 body line 2 body line m ENDM When called actual arguments can be passed to the macro The arguments must be separated by commas Valid macro arguments are Note arbitrary sequences of printable characters not containing blanks tabs commas or semicolons quoted strings in single or double quotes single printable characters preceded by as an escape character character sequences enclosed in literal brackets which may be arbitrary sequences of valid macro arguments types 1 4 blanks commas and semicolons arbitrary sequences of valid macro arguments types 1 4 expressions preceded by a character The keywords MACRO EQU SET CODE DATA IDATA XDATA BIT and the character cannot be passed as the first macro argument because they always start a symbol definition Therefore they must be enclosed in literal brackets gt During macro expansion these actual arguments replace the symbols of the corresponding formal parameters wherever they are recognized in the macro body The first argument replaces the symbol of the first parameter the Second argument replaces the symbol of the second parameter and so forth This is called substitution Without special assistance the assembler will not recognize a parameter symbol if it is part of another symbol is contained in a quoted string appear
70. inition lines numerical values Furthermore all symbol ref The SYMBOL column contains the symbol name w 35 34 14 22 31 17 31 50 phabetical order wi segment rences are listed as well hile the columns TYP E 43 44 35 34 35 34 41 12 44 31 31 24 42 33 th their types and 1 VALUE and DEFINED may contain the segment types numerical values and definition lines of one more or no symbol de Register symbols have the symbol type REGISTER module names have t symbol type MACRO and symbols type MODULE macro names have the fintions he symbol that have been referenced but not defined are flagged with undef in the TYPE column Starting from column REFERENCED up to the right margin there is a number of columns depending on the page width containing all line numbers of symbol references if any The cross reference listing does no t distinguish whether multiple definitions of or references to a particular symbol are legal or not For this refer to the error messages in the source listing 58 VI Support of 8051 Derivatives Today a large number of 8051 derivatives is available that grows almost monthly They all use the same instruction set of the MCS 51 processor core but are different in peripheral components to cover a wide range of applications The difference for the
71. is intended to contain separation or control characters it must be enclosed in literal brackets to pass it to the macro as one argument string while the outermost pair of 46 brackets is removed Literal brackets can be nested to any depth oe Evaluation If a macro argument is preceded by the evaluation operator it is interpreted as an expression which will be evaluated before it is passed to the macro The actual argument string will not be the expression itself but a decimal ASCII representation of its value The expression must be known on pass 1 amp Substitution The amp character separates parameter names local symbols from surrounding text Outside quoted strings and commentary it serves only as a general separation character This applies always when a local symbol directly precedes or follows another alphanumeric string Inside quoted strings and commentary a local symbol must be preceded by s if it is to be substituted there During every macro expansion the assembler removes exactly one amp from every sequence of amp characters This allows for example to define a nested macro inside a macro body which also uses the substitution operator amp one writes simply amp amp Example 1 The commentary should only be visible in the definition kannan of the macro LICENSE LICENSE MACRO DB Copyright legal stuff ENDI When called the
72. isting SPAGEWIDTH n P n132 SPW set columns per line for listing SPHILIPS P MCS 51 switch on 83C75x family support S ns Gt S os 35 SSAVE G SSA save current SLIST GEN SCOND state SRESTORE G SRS restore old SLIST SGEN SCOND state SSYMBOLS P SYMBOLS SSB create symbol table SNOSYMBOLS P SNOSB don t create symbol table STITLE string G copyright SIT inserts title string into page header SXREF P SNOXREF SXR create cross reference SNOXREF P SNOXR don t create cross reference The subsequent paragraphs contain detailed explanations of the implemented controls 36 III 8 1 Primary Controls SDEBUG SNODEBUG SMACRO n SNOMACRO MOD51 SNOMOD51 SPAGING SNOPAGING SPAGELENGTH n SPAGEWIDTH n SPHILIPS SSYMBOLS SNOSYMBOLS SNOBUILTIN SNOTABS Inserts a date string into the list file page header If SDATE is specified the actual date is inserted Date strings will be truncated to a maximum length of 11 characters Default is no date string The control has no effect when the SNOPAGING control has been specified Includes debug information into the OMF 51 module When generating Intel HEX file output DEBUG has no effect Don t include debug information Default Save macro Optionally 0 lt n lt 100 Default is n 50 The control has been implemented for compatibility purposes only In AS
73. l 1770 octal 127 decimal 127d decimal O7FH hex Character constants may be used wherever a numeric value is allowed A character constant consists of one in single or double quotes The quot or two printing characters enclosed character itself can be represented by two subsequent quotes For example TX 8 bit constant 58H ae 16 bit constant 6140H NN 8 bit constant 27H In DB statements In this case we call it a character This is only text character constants may have any length string For example qu III 4 Expressions Arithmetic expressions are composed of operands operators and parentheses Operands may be user defined symbols constants or special assembler symbols All operands are treated as unsigned 16 bit numbers Special assembler symbols that can be used as operands are ARO ART direct addresses of registers RO thru R7 the location counter of the currently active segment start address of the current assembler statement The following operators are implemented Unary operators identity x x two s complement x 0 x NOT one s complement NOT x FFFFH x HIGH high order byte LOW low order byte Binary operators unsigned addition unsigned subtraction unsigned multiplication unsigned division MOD unsigned remainder SHL logical shift left SHR logical shift right AND logical and OR logical or XOR exclusive or bit operator used
74. l symbols it is looking as follows RECEIVE MACRO LOCAL UARTIN UARTIN JNB RI UARTIN IOV A SBUF LR RI NDM Ha Enhanced as shown above the macro will work correctly as often as desired When RECEIVE is called for the first time the local symbol UARTIN will be replaced by 0000 2720000 JNB RI 0000 MOV A SBUF CLR RI when it is called for the second time UARTIN will be replaced by 0001 and so on 2720001 JNB RI 0001 MOV A SBUF CLR RI However it is recommended not to define global symbols in the format xxxx to avoid name conflicts with substituted local symbols from expanded macros III 11 5 Macro Operators There are some special control characters which are very useful for macro definition call and expansion FR Macro commentary Normally comments in body lines are also contained in the expanded lines If a commentary begins with however it is not stored during macro definition Therefore it doesn t consume memory space and appears in the list file in the macro definition only but not in the expanded lines Literal operator If the escape character precedes another printable character in a macro argument the assembler is forced to treat that character literally This means it will be passed to the macro even if it is a control character while the literal operator itself is removed S Literal brackets If a macro argument
75. like the following macro expansion results in list mode SGENONLY SCONDONLY Line I Addr Code Source 16 1 0000 00 07 DW 7 19 2 0002 00 06 DW 6 22 3 0004 00 05 DW 5 25 4 0006 00 04 DW 4 28 5 0008 00 03 Dw 3 31 6 000A 00 02 DW 2 34 7 000 00 01 Dw 1 After the Dark Ages when the dust was settling and the sun broke through the gloom computer science discovered the method of recursive programming There was no doubt that this was the SOLUTION And the computer scientists started to explain this to the students But it seemed that the students didn t get it They always complained that recursive calculation of n is a silly example indeed All the scientists felt stronly that there was still something missing After 10 more years of hard research work they also found the PROBLEM Example 3 The Towers of Hanoi There are three vertical sticks on the table On stick 1 there are n discs with different diameters and a hole in the middle the smallest disc on top the biggest on the bottom Stick 1 Stick 2 Stick 3 Exercise 1 Exercise 2 49 PS S AA ES ee EN HMM MB Bg MP P gg PPP P gg M IL M M g M RARA IM IP P Bg M Ig The PROBLEM is to transfer the tower of discs from stick 1 to stick 2 with a minimum of moves But only the topmost disc on a tower may be moved at one time and no disc may be layed on a smaller disc Stick 3 may be used for scratch purposes This is a SOLUTION with ASEM 51 macros
76. mbol table is generated The symbol table lists all the symbols of a program in alphabetical order with their symbol name segment type hex value and first definition line Predefined symbols are listed without a definition line number The symbol table listing can be suppressed with the SNOSYMBOLS control A typical symbol table listing is looking as shown below LOGS QZE SYMBOLS SYMBOL TYPE VALUE LINE AKKUM REGISTER A 38 COUNT DATA 30 47 HLEVE CODE 802E 35 INPUT BIT 23 12 LLEVEL CODE 802B 34 MY PROGRAM MODULE 14 E DATA 90 QUANT UMBER 0013 22 RECEIVE MACRO 5 SP DATA 81 STACK IDATA 80 17 START CODE 8022 31 VOLTDC XDATA D785 50 If the SXREF control is specified a cross reference listing is generated instead of a symbol table The corresponding cross reference listing for the symbol table above is looking as follows CROSS REFERENCE LISTING SYMBOL TYPE VALUE DEFINED REFERENCED AKKUM REGISTER A 38 42 43 COUNT DATA 30 47 32 40 57 HLEVEL CODE 802E INPUT BIT 93 LLEVEL CODE 802B MY_PROGRAM MODULE Pl DATA 90 QUANT NUMBER 0007 NUMBER 0013 RECEIVE MACRO SP DATA 81 STACK IDATA 80 START CODE 8022 TRASH undef Ee VOLTDC XDATA D785 It lists all the symbols of the program in al symbol name all definitions including def
77. mes It is not checked whether the device is existing or suitable for the task hexbin recognizes the following options short options long options o offset l length f fillbyte Vy offset offset length lt length gt fill lt fillbyte gt verbose The short and long options in the same row are equivalent Long options may be abbreviated as long as they remain unique All option names are case sensitive The binary file output can be controlled with the options offset fill and length Normally the first byte in the binary file is the first byte of the HEX record with the lowest load address If a number of dummy bytes is to inserted on top of the file e g for alignment in an EPROM image this can be performed with the offset option offset 1000 would insert 4096 dummy bytes before the first byte of the first HEX record loaded The offset must always be specified as a hex number The default offset is 0 Since there may be peepholes between the HEX records a fill byte value can be defined with the fill option fill 0 would fill all peepholes between the HEX records with zero bytes as well as all the dummy bytes that might have been inserted with the offset or length option The fill byte value must always be specified as a hex number The default fill byte is the EPROM friendly FFH By default the last byte in the bin
78. multiple times They are always expanded immediately after their definition During expansion their macro body is repeated n times 0 n 65535 Repeat macros start with the keyword REPT followed by an expression which must be known on pass 1 In analogy to callable macros there is a macro body which must be terminated with an ENDM instruction REPT expression body line 1 body line 2 body line m ENDM The expression value specifies how many times the macro body is to be repeated Since repeat macros start with the keyword REPT they are sometimes also called REPT blocks Example REPT 5 E NOP ENDM This REPT block will expand to five NOP instructions immediately after its definition NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP 111 11 4 Local Symbols Local symbols are symbols which are only known within a macro body but not outside the macro Symbols that are defined for the whole program will subsequently be called global symbols for better understanding We are already familiar with a special case of local symbols formal macro parameters They appear in the macro definition only Since they are substituted during macro expansion we don t have further problems with them But what happens with symbols that are defined in a macro body Example 1 The following simple macro is intended to read a character SSA from the 8051 UART and to return it in A RECEIVE MACRO
79. o employ their Borland IDE for assembly To integrate ASEM 51 into the Turbo Pascal IDE perform the following steps Be sure tha or that ASE ct ASEM 51 has been installed properly as described before E and ASEM2MSG EXE are somewhere in your PATH Start the Turbo Pascal 7 0 or Borland Pascal 7 0 IDE for DOS Click from the menu bar Options Tools When the Tools dialog box is active press the New button Now the Modify New Tool dialog box should be active Fill in the following items Title ASEM 5 1 Program path ASEM Command line SNOSWAP SSAVE CUR SCAP MSG ASEM2MSG SEDNAME Hot keys Shift F8 Then press the OK button When returned to the Tools dialog box press the OK button Click from the menu bar Options Environment Preferences When the Preferences dialog box is active disable the Close on go to source item in the Options checkbox Then press the OK button Finally click from the menu bar Options Save 13 Now ASEM 51 can be invoked with Shift F8 to assemble the program in the active edit window while error messages if any appear in the Messages window Users of both Turbo C and Turbo Pascal should prefer the Turbo C ID In the Turbo Pascal 7 0 IDE the COLUMNS or C option has no effect Turbo Pascal versions prior to 7 0 didn t implement the Tools menu Gl Note that the transfe
80. o this directory Append it to your PATH statement in file AUTCEXEC BAT e g PATH C If this has NDOS C UTIL C ASEM51 not already been done while unpacking the distribution archive create a subdirectory e g C ASEM51 MCU and move all the MCU f Create anot the HTM iles provided to this subdirectory for better survey her subdirectory e g C ASEM51 HTML and move all GIF and JPG files to this subdirectory respectively To read that HTML manual invoke your web browser and start with file C ASEM51 HTML DOCS HTM Optionally define a DOS environment variable ASEM51INC in AUTOEXEC BAT to specify a search path for include files e g For a prope SET ASEM51INC C ASEM51 MCU D MICROS MCS51 INCL r operation of the Borland 16 bit DPMI server on computers with more than 16 MB RAM be sure that EMM386 EXE included in DOS 5 0 or later i s loaded and define th nvironment variable DPMIMEM in AUTOEXEC BAT as follows a ET DPM IMEM MAXMEM 16383 Reboot your PC II 1 3 DOS Command Line Operation ASEM 51 provides full support of command line operation and batch capability as the best commercial development tools i3 Nevertheless it can be integrated into foreign development environments if desired Th assembler is invoked by typing ASEM source lt object
81. o x 4 CR and LF A typical data record looks like 10 0000002E003E4F588758910F58DF58BD28E302A The end record is the last line of the file In principle it is structured like a data record but the number of data bytes is 00 the record type is 01 and the load address field is 0000 END RECORD Byte 1 colon 2 and 3 00 number of data bytes 4 and 5 00 load address high byte 6 and 7 00 load address low byte 8 and 9 record type 01 end record 10 and 11 checksum two characters 12 and 13 CR and LF The typical END record looks like 00000001FF The checksum is the two s complement of the 8 bit sum without carry of the byte count the two load address bytes the record type byte and all data bytes 68 The ASCII Character Set Appendix F 10 20 30 40 50 60 7 00 DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 ETB SOH STX X m EOT ENO NAK BS CA LF SUB BEL HT an ACK SYN ESC VT FE FS GS CR SO SI RS US hex dl 2 Appendix G Intel SIEMENS Philips OKT TDK DALLAS Maxim 69 Order Number MCS R 51 Microcontroller Family User s Manual MCS 51 Macro Assembler User s Guide 8 Bit Embedded Controllers 1990 8XC51RA RB RC CHMOS Single Chip 8 Bit Microcontroller 272659 002 8XC51RA RB RC Hardware Description February 1995 272668 001 8
82. on lt expr gt is to 0 The value of lt expr gt must be known on pass 1 FDEF condition is TRUE if the lt symbol gt is defined in rogram Forward references to lt symbol gt are not allowed FNDEF condition is TRUE if the lt symbol gt is not defined FB if blank condition is TRUE if the lt literal gt is lt literal gt is a string enclosed in angle brackets FNB if not blank condition is TRUE if the lt literal gt is not empty lt literal gt is a string enclosed in angle brackets Altho macro Usual been The corresponding ELSI ugh the IFB and IFNB statements are valid also outside of s they can be applied sensefully in macro bodies only ly they are used to decide whether macro arguments have left blank or not EIFxx instructions are working respectively Example 1 IF ELSI E ENDIF construction TARGET EQU 0 configuration 1 for application board YN DAN YO SA AA 0 for evaluation board IF TARGET ORG 0 program start address of application board ELSE ORG 8000H program start address of evaluation board ENDIF Currently the program is configured for the evaluation board versi on ELSE ENDIF construction 537 EQU 0 symbol undefined 80C537 application board symbol defined 80C537 evaluation board IFNDEF EVA 537 41 CLOCK EQU 16 clock frequency of applicati
83. on board CSEG AT 0 program start address of application board ELSE CLOCK EQU 12 clock frequency of evaluation board CSEG AT 8000H program start address of evaluation board ENDIF Currently the program is configured for the application board version ELSE ENDIF construction DECIDE MACRO X Y IFB lt X amp Y gt NOP NOP ELSE DB amp X amp Y ENDIF ENDM If the above macro is invoked as follows DECIDE Nonsense the parameter X will be replaced by Nonsense and the parameter Y by a zero length string Thus the IFB literal becomes Nonsense and the macro will be expanded to DB Nonsense If the macro will be invoked without arguments DECIDE the parameters X and Y will be replaced by zero length strings both and the IFB literal becomes lt gt Thus the macro will be expanded to NOP NOP Macros are explained in detail in chapter III 11 Macro Processing IFNDEF ELSEIF ELSEIF ELSE ENDIF construction The symbol BAUDRATE serves to define the UART baudrate IFNDEF BAUDRATE LJMP AUTOBAUD automatic baudrate detection ELSEIF BAUDRATE EQ 9600 MOV TH1 0FDH 9600 baud ELSEIF BAUDRATE EQ 1200 MOV TH1 0ESH 1200 baud ELSE SERROR baudrate not implemented ENDIF If the symbol BAUDRATE is not defined at all a jump to the label AUTOBAUD is performed If t
84. onally identical to ASEM but it can handle long file names and benefits of the Win32 memory management which allows to assemble astronomically large programs Hint If you love file names with blanks in the middle you have to enclose them in double quotes e g ASEMW Test Program for my 80C32 Evaluation Board a51 II 1 10 The HEXBIN Utility Most EPROM programmers are accepting the Intel HEX object file format that is output by ASEM 51 However for dumb EPROM burners and special purposes it might be useful to convert the HEX file to a pure binary image file For this the conversion utility HEXBIN is provided It is invoked as follows HEXBIN hex lt bin gt OFFSET o LENGTH l FILL f QUIET where hex is the input file in Intel HEX format and bin is the binary output file The parameter bin is optional When omitted the file name is derived from the hex file name but with the extension BIN All file names may be specified without extensions In these cases the program adds default extensions as shown below file extension hex HEX bin BIN If you want a file name to have no extension terminate it with a Instead of file names you may also specify device names to redirect th output to character I O ports Device names may be terminated with a It is not checked whether the device is existing or suitable for the ta
85. ork on other Linux distributions that meet the FHS directory standard If you have got the tar archive perform the following steps gzip d asem51 1 3 ELF tar gz 18 tar xvf asem51 1 3 ELF tar cd asem51 sh install sh If you are installing ASEM 51 as root preferred the installation script install sh will install the whole package in usr local share asem 51 1 3 and establish some symbolic links in usr local bin and usr local man manl If you are installing ASEM 51 under another user id install sh tries to install the software in your home directory under asem 51 1 3 and establish some symbolic links in bin and man manl For details see the messages install sh is displaying on the console and do some fine tuning accordingly If you haven t installed ASEM 51 as root it may be necessary to add bin to your PATH and man to your MANPATH To specify a search path for the include files mcu provided you can define an optional environment variable ASEM51INC For this bash ksh and sh users should insert the following lines into their profile file ASEM51INC usr local share asem 51 1 3 mcu export ASEM51INC csh tcsh and zsh users should insert the following line into their login file respectively setenv ASEM51INC usr local share asem 51 1 3 mcu If you have installed ASEM 51 in your home directory ASEM51INC should point to asem 51 1 3 mcu of course To read
86. ot correctly specified Option has an illegal argument There is no file name in the command line Source or include file not found Linux Path contains a non directory name Linux Heap overflow Disk or directory not found DOS Windows A DEFINE option specifies a predefined symbol No more fr file handles More than three file names have been specified Option is not implemented 64 Appendix B HEXBIN Error Messages B 1 Conversion Errors Conversion errors apply to the consistency of Intel HEX file and program options If one of these errors is detected it is flagged on the console and HEXBIN is aborting with exit code 1 Error Message Meaning checksum error Checksum is not correct data after EOF record Type 0 records after type 1 record file length out of range LENGIH option makes file too large fill byte out of range FILL option defines byte value 255 hex file format error Certainly no Intel HEX file illegal hex digit Character is no valid hex digit illegal record type Record type is none of 0 or 1 invalid record length Record length doesn t match the record multiple EOF records More than one type 1 record no data records found File doesn t contain any type 0 records no EOF record found File ends without a type 1 record offset out of range OFFSET option makes file too large record exceeds FFFFH Address space wrap around in
87. page for asem hexbin hex to binary conversion utility Linux 386 hexbin 1 man page for hexbin demo a51 a sample 8051 assembler program mcu processor definition files of 8051 derivatives for a detailed list of MCU files see chapter VI Support of 8051 Derivatives 2 boot51 doc BOOT 51 User s Manual ASCII format boot51 htm index file of the BOOT 51 documentation HTML format boot51 a51 BOOT 51 assembler source for ASEM 51 V1 3 and up customiz BOOT 51 customization utility Linux 386 customiz 1 man page for customiz boot shell script for application program upload boot 1 man page for boot upload called by boot only generic version upload new new upload optimized for stty 2 0 or later reset51 program to reset the target system via PC ports reset51 1 man page for reset51 blink a51 sample test program for BOOT 51 35 README 1ST quick information ASCII format license doc ASEM 51 License Agreement ASCII format release 130 ASEM 51 Release Notes ASCII format support doc ASEM 51 Support Guide ASCII format install sh creates a proper ASEM 51 installation under Linux uninst51 sh deletes all files of the ASEM 51 package Linux II 2 2 Installation under Linux ASEM 51 for Linux is available as a tar archive and an rpm package If you have got the rpm package login as root and simply type rpm i asem51 1 3 1 1386 rpm The rpm package has been tested on S u S E Linux only but should also w
88. preciate the possibility to invoke ASEM 51 as a transfer program from the Borland IDE For this the filter program ASEM2MSG for the ASEM 51 error messages has been provided To integrate ASEM 51 into the Borland IDE perform the following steps Be sure that ASEM 51 has been installed properly as described before or that ASEM EXE and ASEM2MSG EXE are somewhere in your PATH Start the Turbo C or Borland C IDE for DOS For Turbo C 1 0 first click Options Full menus ON Click from the menu bar Options Transfer When the Transfer dialog box is active press the Edit button Now the Modify New Transfer Item dialog box should be active Fill in the following items Program Title ASEM 51 Program Path ASEM Command Line SNOSWAP SSAVE CUR SCAP MSG ASEM2MSG SEDNAME C Translator X Hot key Shift F8 Then press the New button When returned to the Transfer dialog box press the OK button Click from the menu bar Options Save OK Now it should be possible to assemble the file in the active edit window with ASEM 51 when pressing Shift F8 The error messages if any should appear in the Message window You can browse through the errors and jump into the source text by simply pressing Enter This even works if the error is not in the program itself but in an include file Turbo Pascal 7 0 users can als
89. r macro SAVE CUR saves the contents of the active edit window if modified before ASEM EXE is invoked If your assembler program includes further source files which may be currently loaded into other edit windows better specify SAVE ALL This will save the contents of all modified edit windows to disk files before invoking ASEM EXE If you are not sure specify SAVE PROMPT This will prompt you for every modified edit window to save the contents before running ASEM EXE For further infomation on transfer macros refer to the Borland online help II 1 6 Running ASEM 51 from Windows 3 1x Of course ASEM and ASEMX are running fine in the Windows 3 1x DOS Box But for integration into the Windows 3 1x desktop the files ASEM PIF and ASEM ICO have been provided To insert ASEM 51 into a group of the Program Manager perform the following steps Be sure that ASEM 51 has been installed properly for MS DOS as described before Start Windows 3 1x and expand the Program Manager window to its full screen size representation if necessary Focus the program group in which ASEM 51 is to be inserted e g Applications Click from the Program Manager menu bar File New When the New Program Object dialog box is active choose the option Program Item and click the OK button Now the Program Item Properties dialog box should be active Fill in the following items
90. right as well Include files may be nested to any depth SLIST List source code lines Default SNOLIST Do not list source code lines provided they do not contain errors until the next SLIST statement occurs LH Saves the current SLIST SGEN SCOND state on a SSAVE stack SSAVE statements can be nested to any depth SSAVI 38 SRESTORI ql Restores a previously saved LIST GEN COND state STITLE string Inserts a title string into the list file page header Titles may be truncated according to the specified or default page width Default ASEM 51 copyright information The control has no effect when the SNOPAGING control has been specified Examples SNOLIST switch off listing SINCLUDE 8052 MCU include 8052 SFR symbol definition file SLIST switch on listing STITLE Computer Controlled Combustion Unit for Motorcycles SEJ new page with new titl SERROR invalid configuration buffer size gt external RAM size SWARNING int RAM doesn t meet minimum stack size requirements SSAVE GENONLY CONDONLY save old SLIST SGEN S COND status and list only source lines that are really assembled SRESTORE restore previous listing mode III 9 Predefined Symbols For easy access to the 8051 special function register and interrupt addresses ASEM 51 has a number of predefined built in DATA BIT and CODE symbols These predefined symbols can
91. ritten in upper case Instruction arguments are represented by lt arg gt lt argl gt or something like that Numeric expressions are represented by lt expr gt exprl and so on Syntax elements enclosed in brackets are optional The ellipsis means always a list with any number of elements DB lt argl gt lt arg2 gt lt arg3 gt define bytes The DB instruction reserves and initializes a number of bytes with the values defined by the arguments The arguments may either be expressions which must evaluate to 8 bit values or character strings of any length DB is only allowed in the CODE segment Example DB 19 January 98 3 7412 11 DW exprl lt expr2 gt lt expr3 gt define words The DW instruction reserves and initializes a number of words with the values defined by the arguments Every argument may be an arbitrary expression and requires two bytes of space DW is only allowed in the CODE segment Example DW 0 0C800H 1999 4711 DS lt expr gt define space Reserves a number of uninitialized bytes in the current segment The value of expr must be known on pass 1 DS is allowed in every segment except in the BIT segment Example DS 200H DBIT lt expr gt define bits Reserves a number of uninitialized bits The value of expr must be known on pass 1 DBIT is only allowed in the BIT segment Example DBIT 16 NAME
92. rland International 1996 FreePascal 1 00 c Florian Klaempf1 2000 II Getting started This chapter describes the ASEM 51 distributions their installation on the supported host platforms and how to use them in daily work II 1 DOS and Windows Implementation Until version 1 2 ASEM 51 was available in a real mode implementation for plain MS DOS only Meanwhile a DOS protected mode version and a Win32 console mode version have been added to the package In contrast to the new Linux implementation all the DOS and Windows flavours are functionally identical and their basic operation can therefore be described together Only a few minor differences and special features hav to be discussed separately Since it should be possible to share program sources with the Linux version all DOS and Windows executables are able to read ASCIT files in both DOS and UNIX format but write ASCIT files in their native DOS format only II 1 1 Files Your ASEM 51 distribution archive for DOS Windows should contain the following groups of files 1 ASEM 51 DOC ASEM 51 User s Manual ASCII format DOCS HTI index file of the ASEM 51 documentation HTML format HTI further pages of the HTML documentation GIF GIF images referenced by HTML pages JPG
93. ro body may comprise any number of lines Body lines may be all kinds of assembler instructions pseudo instructions controls meta instructions macro calls and even further macro definitions The macro body and the whole macro definition is terminated with the ENDM instruction Macros must be defined before they can be called Forward references to macros are not allowed Once defined a macro can be called by its name in the subsequent program as often as desired Whenever a macro is called the macro body will be inserted into the program and then assembled as normal Source lines This process is called macro expansion Example MY FIRST MACRO definition IOV A 42 ADD A R5 ENDM MY FIRST call After the call of the macro MY FIRST the body lines MOV A 42 ADD A R5 are inserted into the program and assembled 111 11 2 Macro Parameters Callable macros may have parameters to allow more flexible use The names of the formal parameters are specified in the macro definition behind the keyword MACRO separated by commas All parameter names of a macro must be different valid symbols Keywords cannot be used as parameter names Macros may have any number of parameters as long as they fit on one line Parameter names are local symbols which are known within the macro only Outside the macro they have no meaning macro name MACRO parameter 1 parameter 2 parameter n body l
94. s Highlights of the new version are a nearly perfectly featured list file with cross reference and some new printing options a bootstrap program for MCS 51 evaluation boards and plenty of new MCU files For detailed information see the ASEM 51 V1 2 Release Notes What I have learned through the last two years is that freeware is not free neither for the author nor for the users ASEM 51 could not be made with nothing but numberless free hours spent on pure software development I also had to purchase a PASCAL development system lots of microcontroller literature and an 80C535 evaluation board The distribution of freeware seems to be a bigger problem than its development First of all one has to buy a modem After that it costs a lot of time fees trouble and interesting discussions with the particular sysops until the stuff is posted or not on several BBS and ftp sites To publish a program on shareware CD ROMs one has only to find out which are the most suitable For this it is best to buy a dozen or two and a CD ROM drive and to send the software to the publishers of those that seem to be the most popular The interested users finally have to purchase modems or CD ROM drives and pay the same fees or buy the same CD ROMs to get the freeware again from these public sources After all it may be cheaper faster and more convenient to simply buy a professional software solution if any in the PC shop at
95. s in commentary Example 1 MY SECOND MACRO CONSTANT REGISTER CEPR IOV A CONSTANT ADD A REGISTER ENDM MY SECOND 42 R5 After calling the macro MY SECOND the body lines MOV A 42 ADD A R5 are inserted into the program and assembled The parameter names CONSTANT and REGISTER have been replaced by the macro arguments 42 and R5 The number of arguments passed to a macro can be less but not greater than the number of its formal parameters If an argument is omitted the corresponding formal parameter is replaced by an empty string If other arguments than the last ones are to be omitted they can b represented by commas Example 2 The macro OPTIONAL has eight formal parameters OPTIONAL MACRO P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 macro body 44 ENDM If it is called as follows OPTIONAL 1 2 5 6 the formal parameters P1 P2 P5 and P6 are replaced by th arguments 1 2 5 and 6 during substitution The parameters P3 P4 P7 and P8 are replaced by a zero length string For more flexible macro design there must be a possibility to recognize empty macro arguments and to branch the macro expansion accordingly This can be performed with conditional assembly using the IFB and IFNB meta instructions See chapter III 10 2 IFxx and ELSEIFxx Instructions III 11 3 Repeat Macros Repeat macros don t have a macro name and therefore cannot be called
96. se Agreement ASCII format RELEASE 130 ASEM 51 Release Notes ASCII format SUPPORT DOC ASEM 51 Support Guide ASCII format INSTALL BAT creates a proper ASEM 51 installation under MS DOS KILLASEM BAT deletes all files of the ASEM 51 package DOS The first group contains all files directly associated with the assembler The second group contains all files directly associated with the bootstrap program The third group contains general support and documentation files that apply to t 11 1 2 Installa he whole package tion under MS DOS or Windows In principle ASEM 51 doesn t require a fuzzy software installation or configuration to your working compatibility In the simplest case you can copy all files of the packag directory and enjoy the benefits of true plugrand play On the other hand an installation of ASEM 51 under MS DOS is very simple Create a new empty scratch directory on your harddisk Unpack your or copy all Make the sc INSTALL BAT If you don t li quite clear AS ASEM 51 distribution archive into this directory files of the ASEM 51 package into it ratch directory default run the batch file provided and follow the instructions ke anything that is running automatically or things are not EM 51 can also be installed manually as follows Create a new directory on your harddisk e g C ASEM51 Copy all fi les of the ASEM 51 package int
97. sk The binary file output can also be controlled with the options OFFSET FILL and LENGTH Normally the first byte in the binary file is the first byte of the HEX record with the lowest load address If a number of dummy bytes is to be inserted on top of the file e g for alignment in an EPROM image this can be performed with the OFFSET option OFFSET 1000 would insert 4096 dummy bytes before the first byte of the first HEX record loaded The offset must always be specified as a hex number The default offset is 0 Since there may be peepholes between the HEX records a fill byte value can be defined with the FILL option FILL 0 would fill all peep all the dummy bytes option The fill byt The default fill byt file e g for exactly matching an t have been inserted EPROM friendly FFH 16 holes between the HEX records with zero bytes as well as that migh te value must always be specified as a hex number te is the By default the last byte in t with the OFFSI ET or LI ENGTH he binary file is the last byte of the HEX record with the highest load address If the binary file should have a well defined length then a number of dummy bytes can be appended to th EPROM length with the LENGTH option LENGTH 8000 would ap total file length becomes be specified as a hex number When HEXI file conversion repor
98. smatch in the assembler list file because only a BIT type address is allowed here However COUNT is a label with the segment type DATA 34 III 8 Assembler Controls ASEM 51 ingles a number of assembler controls that influence the assembly process and list file generation There are two groups of controls primary and general controls Primary controls can only be used at the beginning of the program and remain in effect throughout the assembly They may be preceded only by control statements blank and commentary lines If the same primary control is used multiple times with different parameters the last one counts General controls may be used everywhere in the program They perform a Single action or remain in effect until they are cancelled or changed by a subsequent control statement A control statement starts always with a character followed by one or more assembler controls Assembler controls may have a number or string type operand which must always be enclosed in parentheses Number type operands are arithmetic expressions that must be known on pass 1 String type operands are character strings which are enclosed in parentheses instead of quotes In analogy to quoted strings no control characters including tabs are allowed within these strings The string delimiter can be represented by two subsequent characters If a control statement changes the listing mode the control statement itself is alwa
99. t 8K Byi n tes QuickFlash tes QuickFlash tes QuickFlash 8K Byi hnical Reference ER Kochbuch 1997 tes QuickFlash licrocontroller with 132K Bytes Flash licrocontroller with 32K Bytes QuickFlash 1106B 12 98 h 20K Bytes Quic th 4K Bytes Quic th 8K Bytes Quic th 20K Bytes Quic K K iWT kFlash 1 Flash 1 Flash 1 kFlash Preliminary 0851B B 12 97 0811A A 7 97 0979A A 12 97 1012A 02 98 0980A A 12 97 1011A 02 98 0921A A 12 97 147A 05 99 602A 04 00 437A 07 99 1609A 04 00 lanual Version 1 9 ISBN 3 88322 225 9 11 Appendix H ASEM 51 is a trademark of W W Heinz MCS 51 and ASM51 are trademarks of Intel Corporation Turbo Pascal and Borland Pascal are trademarks of Borland International Inc Delphi is a trademark of Borland International Inc Turbo C and Borland C are trademarks of Borland International Inc Turbo Assembler is a trademark of Borland International Inc IBM PC IBM XT IBM AT and OS 2 are trademarks of IBM Corporation MS DOS and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Novell DOS is a trademark of Novell Inc BRIEF is a trademark of SDC Partners II L P 4DOS is a registered trademark of JP Software Inc Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds FreePascal is a trademark of Florian Klaempfl All device codes of 8051 derivatives are trademarks of the manufacturers Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective holders
100. t like this Hex File Converter Hi first address last address fill peepholes with binary image The QUII displayed regardless EXBIN V2 3 offset 1000H bytes 9000H A255H 00H length 8000H bytes ET option suppresses this console output whil this can be performed pend as many dummy bytes behind the last byte of the file that the xactly 32768 bytes The file length must always BIN has been invoked with all the above options it may display a rror messages ar Options may be abbreviated as long as they remain unique Examples 0 HI EXBIN When invoked without parameters HI EXBIN displays a help screen Hex File Converter HEXBIN V2 3 usage HEXBIN lt hexfile gt lt binary gt options options OFFSET offset LENGTH length FILL fillbyte QUIET Lu HEXBIN PROGRAM will convert the Intel HEX file PROGRAM HEX to a pure binary image file PROGRAM BIN 25 HEXBIN TARZAN OBJ JUNGLE FILL ES will convert the Intel HEX file TARZAN OBJ to a binary image file JUNGLE BIN and fill all peepholes between the HEX file records with the binary value E5H 3 HEXBIN PROJECT EPROM off 8000 length 10000 0 will convert the Intel HEX file PROJECT HEX to a binary image file EPROM insert 32K dunmy bytes on top of file fill all peepholes and the dummy bytes with nulls and extend the file to exactly
101. t pass USERBITS INC 6 attempt to divide by zero DEFINES INC 37 symbol not defined APPLICAT A51 20 symbol not defined APPLICAT A51 27 no END statement found 5 errors detected Every error is flagged with the name of the source or include file the local line number where it was found and th rror message itself This output format makes it easy to integrate ASEM 51 into existing foreign development environments or workbenches A perfect fit for the Turbo C IDE and perhaps others can be reached with the COLUMNS option When specified the column numbers of program errors are output additionally after the line numbers MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 APPLICAT A51 14 12 must be known on first pass USERBITS INC 6 27 attempt to divide by zero DEFINES INC 37 18 symbol not defined APPLICAT A51 20 18 symbol not defined APPLICAT A51 27 1 no END statement found 5 errors detected If errors are detected in macro expansion lines there is no corresponding location in the source file Therefore the error is flagged with the name of the source or include file and the local line number from where the macro expansion has been invoked For callable macros this is the line with the macro call and for repeat blocks this is the ENDM line To give the user a hint the macro name and expansion line and optionally column number are inserted before the act
102. ted users for their comments and suggestions Deisenhofen January 22 1996 W W Heinz I Introduction ASEM 51 is a two pass macro assembler for the Intel MCS 51 family of microcontrollers It is running on IBM PC XT AT computers and all true compatibles under MS DOS Windows and Linux The DOS real mode assembler ASEM EXE requires only 256 kB of free DOS memory and MS DOS 3 0 or higher The new protected mode assembler ASEMX EXE requires a 286 CPU or better and at least 512 kB of free XMS memory The new Win32 console mode assembler ASEMW EXE requires a 386 CPU or better and Windows 9x NT 2000 or XP The new Linux assembler asem requires a 386 based Linux system The new HTML documentation set requires a 90 MHz Pentium or better and a web browser The ASEM 51 assembly language is a rich subset of the Intel standard that guarantees maximum compatibility with existing 8051 assembler sources ASEM 51 can generate two sorts of object files Intel HEX format which is directly accepted by most EPROM programmers and absolute OMF 51 format which is required for many simulators emulators and target debuggers Thus ASEM 51 is suitable for small and medium MCS 51 based microcontroller projects in hobby education and business However ASEM 51 has been designed to process also very large programs Its most important features are fast compact reliable easy to
103. the HTML manuals invoke your web browser and bookmark the index page usr local share asem 51 1 3 html docs htm installation as root asem 51 1 3 html docs htm local installation Note that you cannot reset your 8051 target system with a PC printer port if you haven t installed ASEM 51 as root For details see the BOOT 51 documentation provided If you have installed ASEM 51 but you don t like it you can easily uninstall it If you have installed the rpm package simply type rpm e asem51 If you have installed the generic tar archive be sure to uninstall ASEM 51 under the same user id you previously used for installation Run uninst51 sh and that s it II 2 3 Linux Command Line Operation Under Linux the assembler is invoked by typing asem lt options gt source lt object gt lt listing gt where source is the 8051 assembler source object is the output file and listing is the assembler list file All file names that are specified explicitly are left unchanged The parameters object and listing are optional When omitted the object file name is derived from the source file name but with extension hex or omf When the listing file name is omitted it is derived from the object file name but with extension lst file extension 19 lt object gt hex with o option omf listing JSt Instead of file names yo
104. the level of include file or macro nesting In the main source this column is empty The first include file gets level 1 If this include file includes another include file this one gets level 2 and so on This is also valid for nested macro calls If a macro is called in the main Source its expansion lines get level 1 If this macro calls another one it gets level 2 and so forth Include file and macro levels can be nested in any sequence and to any depth 55 The column Addr shows the start address of the listed line in the currently active segment 8051 address space numbers The addresses in the CODE All addresses are represented as hex and XDATA segments are four digit numbers Addresses in all other segments are two digit numbers For lines that cannot be assigned to a particular segment the Addr field is left blank The Code column may con quantities starting from However the code generat d for DB and tain up to four bytes of generated code which sufficient for all 8051 instructions The code is listed in hex byte the left margin of the Code column DW instructions may be longer than four bytes In thes The or assembler controls flagged with one single character at Code cases line headings until the wj hole code of thi source code lin lin column does no 8051 CODE segment In con evaluation results of all expressions t
105. ther cases the result will have no segment type 6 The result of the bit operation will always have the segment type BIT Examples En e The following symbols have been defined in a program OFFSET EQU 16 START CODE 30H DOIT COD 0100H REDLED BIT P1 3 VARIAB4 DATA 20H Fl B PORT DATA 0C8H RELAY EQU 5 1 The expression START OFFSET 3 will have the segment type CODE 2 The expression START DOIT will be typeless 3 The expression DOIT REDLED will be typeless 4 The expression 2 VARIAB4 will be typeless 5 The expression PORT RELAY will have the segment type BIT The segment type is checked when expressions appear as addresses If the expression result is not typeless and does not have the segment type of th corresponding segment the instruction is flagged with an error message The only exceptions are the segment types DATA and IDATA which are assumed to be compatible in the address range of 0 to 7FH Since ASEM 51 does only support absolute segments those addresses are really always pointing to the same physical location in the internal memory Line I Addr Code Source T N 30 DSEG AT 030H internal RAM 33 2 30 N 01 COUNT DS 1 counter variable 33 4 CSEG ROM 5e 0000 C2 30 START CLR COUNT A CCEE segment type mismatch CRR The CLR instruction is flagged with the error message segment type mi
106. tion mnemonics as well as a rich and useful subset of the Intel pseudo instructions and assembler controls IV 1 Restrictions Since ASEM 51 generates an Intel HEX file or absolute OMF 51 output instead of relocatable object modules the whole source code of an 8051 application program has to reside in one single file Consequently all pseudo instructions that deal with relocatable segments or external or public symbols have not been implemented UBLIC EGMENT Intel style macros are not supported Thus the character can be used in comments Up to now only the following assembler controls and their abbreviations have been implemented primary controls abbrev general controls abbrev SDATE string SDA SEJECT SEJ SDEBUG SDB SGE SGE SNODEBUG SNODB SNOGEN SNOGE SMACRO percent SMR SGENONLY SGO SNOMACRO SNOMR SINCLUDE file SIC Intel MOD51 SMO SLIST SLI SNOMOD51 SNOMO SNOLIST SNOLI controls SPAGING SPI SSAVE SSA SNOPAGING SNOPI SRESTORE SRS SSYMBOLS SSB STITLE lt string gt STT SNOSYMBOLS SNOSB SPAGELENGTH lines SPL SPAGEWIDTH lt columns gt SPW SNOBUILTIN 2 1 COND On n ASEM 51 SNOTABS A n SNOCOND controls SPHILIPS CONDONLY SERROR lt string gt SWARNING string IV 2 Extensions Assembler controls
107. u may also specify device names to redirect th output to I O devices Device names are assumed to start with dev Of course no extensions will be added to device names It is not checked whether the device is existing or suitable for the task Although it is possible to read the source file from a character device instead of a file this cannot be recommended Since ASEM 51 is a two pass assembler it always reads the source file twice The maximum length of a file parameter is limited to 255 characters asem recognizes the following options short options long options gt SS ES SAA A AAA A pen i pathl path2 path3 includes pathl path2 path3 d symbol value type define symbol value type o omf 51 e columns y verbose The short and long options in the same row are equivalent Long options may be abbreviated as long as they remain unique All option names are case sensitive When the includes option is used the assembler searches the specified path for include files that cannot be found in the working directory The path may be any number of directories separated by characters The directories will be searched from left to right The path specified with the includes option is searched before th path defined with the optional environment variable ASEM51INC The maximum path length is limited to 255 characters
108. ual error message 11 MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 UARTIO A51 44 1 RECEIVE 3 22 segment type mismatch UARTIO A51 87 1 REPT 4 19 symbol not defined UARTIO A51 87 1 REPT 8 19 symbol not defined UARTIO A51 87 1 REPT 12 19 symbol not defined 4 errors detected The expansion line number is the number of the expansion line within the corresponding macro expansion starting with 1 If the error occurs during expansion of a repeat block the keyword REPT replaces the macro name The QUIET option suppresses all console output except error messages When terminating ASEM 51 returns an exit code to the operating system situation ERRORLEVET no errors 0 program errors detected d fatal runtime error 2 Note Warnings do not influence the exit code II 1 4 DOS Environment To specify a search path for include files an optional environment variable ASEM51INC can be defined SET ASEM51INC path path may be any number of directories separated by characters Be sure that the whole definition doesn t contain any blanks or tabs If ASEM51INC is defined the assembler searches the specified path for include files that can neither be found in the working directory nor in the search path specified with the INCLUDES option The path directories will be searched from left to right Examples Ts SET ASEM5
109. use and well documented easy installation almost no configuration required command line operation batch and networking capability fully year 2000 compliant DOS RM and PM Win32 and Linux binaries included Intel compatible syntax five location counters one for each of the MCS 51 address spaces assembly time evaluation of arithmetic and logical expressions segment type checking for instruction operands automatic code optimization of generic jumps and calls macro processing that really works nested include file processing nested conditional assembly absolute OMF 51 module output with debug information Intel HEX file output hex to binary conversion utility built in symbols for 8051 special function registers can be disabled direct support of more than seventy 8051 derivatives support of user defined 8051 derivatives special support of the Philips 83C75x family 8051 register bank support detailed assembler listing with symbol table or cross reference further fancy printing facilities documentation in ASCII and HTML format bootstrap program for testing on the MCS 51 target board support for easy integration into the popular Borland IDE limited update service by the author The ASEM 51 software package has been developed with Borland Pascal mit Objekten 7 0 c Borland International 1992 Delphi 2 0 Client Server Suite c Bo
110. verbose option is specified additional product version and error summary information is written to standard output MCS 51 Family Macro Assembler ASEM 51 V1 3 Q uartio a51 44 1 VE 3 22 segment type mismatch Es RECEI uartio a51 87 1 REPT 4 19 symbol not defined uartio a51 87 1 REPT 8 19 symbol not defined uartio a51 87 1 REPT 12 19 symbol not defined 4 errors detected When terminating ASEM 51 returns an exit code to the calling process situation exit code no errors 0 program errors detected 1 fatal runtime error 2 Note Warnings are also output on standard error but do not influence the exit code II 2 4 Linux Environment To specify a search path for include files an optional environment variable ASEM51INC can be defined 1 For bash ksh and sh ASEM51INC path export ASEM51INC 2 For csh tcsh and zsh setenv ASEM5T1INC path path may be any number of directories separated by characters Be sure that the whole definition doesn t contain any blanks or tabs If ASEM51INC is defined the assembler searches the specified path for include files that can neither be found in the working directory nor in the search path specified with the includes option The path directories will be searched from left to right Examples 1 bash ASEM51INC usr local include asem 51 micros mcs51 inc export ASE
111. ys listed in the previous listing mode The following table lists all the implemented controls and their abbreviation Control Type Default Abbreviation Meaning COND G SCOND list full IFxx ENDIF constructio SNOCOND G don t list lines in false branches SCONDONLY G list assembled lines oniy DATE string P ry SDA inserts date string into page heade SDEBUG P SNODEBUG SDB include debug information into obje SNODEBUG P SNODB don t include can information SEJECT G SET start a new page in list file SERROR string G force a user defined error SWARNING string G gt output a warning message to console SGEN G GEN SGE list macro calls and expansion line SNOGEN G SNOGE list macro calls only SGENONLY G GO list expansion lines only AS G SIC include a source file SLIST G LIST SLI list subsequent source lines SNOLIST G SNOLI don t list subsequent source lines SMACRO n P SMACRO 50 SMR reserve n of free memory for macr SNOMACRO P SNOMR reserve all for the symbol table MOD51 P MOD51 SMO enable predefined SFR symbols SNOMOD51 P SNOMO disable predefined SFR ere SNOBUILTIN P list SFR don t list Predefined e SNOTABS P use tabs don t use tabs in list file SPAGING P SPAGING SPI enable listing page formatting SNOPAGING P SNOPI disable an page formatting em n P n 64 SPL set lines Ee r r pag for

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