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C-CALM manual and licensing agreement

1. a Outputs Particulate Dissolved Particulate Dissolved Model Unit a TSS pe Copper Zinc Zinc Y MISES ARI ezr sa srersztsa 3717506430799 75336970720 NN X LN LC NH 096202 onse scs senos 3550648026725 2012a 73751892 s WASODVIZASA mz ASEISEIGPSSA 778 57828948 11282350252 oT sm sos Jarre m fiosan eT seremos senueesos 19701 1805525 mo osno arasia em Tossen a se SENSE caen UM NL 8 INEST 2 Clicking the top left grey cell will select the entire table All cells can also be selected by right clicking on the table to open the copy options box To select a single row left click on the grey cell to the far left of the row Multiple row selection can be made by holding down the Shift or Ctrl keys while clicking or by clicking and dragging a d o Outputs a3 Outputs Particulate Model Unit 55 B soie B Copper 34052362 48037 651 2 96643173 34052362 48037 651 2 96643173 13561965 095186 15 2 3 2233813 PE 13561965 095186 16 2 3 2239813 41096303 00586 5063 543836107 41036303 00586 G209428 53308 1743 086432023 8203428 53908 1743 086432023 8469362 382308 8725185652377 5 8469362 382308 8725 1856523771 28789203 722978 7280 2509606276 8 83203 22978 7280 25093606256 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 47 3 Once a selection has been made use either the keyboard shortcut Ctrl c or r
2. 1743613 681 5927429 102 Meters C CALM 2 0 User Manual 105 5 2 8 Complex multiple trains C CALM can simulate complex treatment scenarios within a SMU using combinations of trains and split land use proportions This means that SMUs with several examples of a treatment options albeit with different levels of treatment e g due to different contaminant sources or different device dimensions filter media or design can be simulated In this example Figure 5 12 runoff from SMU 9 commercial medium coarse PSD is treated in two treatment trains The configuration for the SMU treatment is shown over the page refer to the previous examples on how to enter treatment options In the first train 20 of roads and paving are drained via catchpits no inserts to raingardens and then a pond A further 20 of the runoff from roads and paving drains via catchpits no inserts to proprietary filters and then to the same pond In the second train 30 of roads and paving drain via catchpits with inserts to a second pond A further 10 of roads and paving are porous and are drained via swales with inserts to the second pond The swales also treat runoff from 10 of the roofs A further 3096 of roof runoff drains directly to the second pond 106 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Land cover SMU9 Train 1 r a 2 0 roads 20 paving Catchpits no inserts Generic treatment 20 roads 20 paving Catchpits no inserts
3. L sho sousaossaaozees o oa GO 0 0 0 0 6e 2 29536373892977 0 00 009 00 o 0 0 3 5140885856139 O 0 oos ooss 0 0 087 0 0 0875 0 0875 0 0 087 F M4 1 H I 0 out of 14 Selected landusedbf Loading an existing spreadsheet 1 Click the open existing button in the Load Landuse window This will automatically open the last saved ccalm units landuse xlsx spreadsheet The spreadsheet can be edited directly however it is recommended that land use scenarios be created in a separate master spreadsheet and copied into ccalm units landuse xlsx using the create new option Having a master spreadsheet will allow reference to land use scenarios at a later stage For instance the master could hold scenarios for pre during and post development land use 2 Click OK in the Load Landuse window If changes have been made to the spreadsheet Excel will prompt to save The spreadsheet data will be added to the C CALM spatial database C CALM 2 0 User Manual 39 TROUBLE SHOOTING When try to load an existing spreadsheet get these messages Error System Runtime nteropServices COMException Ox800A03EC Sorry we couldn t find C C Calm_2 0 ccalm_units_landuse xlsx Is it possible it was moved renamed or deleted at Excel Workbooks Open String Filename Object UpdateLinks Object ReadOnly Object Format Object Password Object WriteResPassword Object IgnoreReadOnlyRecommended
4. PSD Dissolved Zn Medium g Dissolved Cu Medium Fl Q cancel 44 ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete Once the treatment options are in place they can be linked for form trains Highlight the fcdevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools click the ink icon and link the options In this case the catchpits are linked to filters which are further linked to the wetland Raingardens are also linked to the wetland x Hols See Ew b FO an Run C CALM by clicking on the Run drop down menu and selecting build and run note the fcdevices shape file in the TOC should already be active and the links icon clicked as part of the linking process C CALM 2 0 User Manual File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help ABES 88x oc x Mecon gt ws QemeiumueeNm X kg 7 BISIAG SIOZ itte n AI bI x 9IBI IE M mg m neg amp p e em ES EX ES ea Sel MI f Contents ax m all other values Pond yoseas ei Bojejeo fel de Wetland B Raingarden E3 Filter E Catchpit M Street sweeping Porous paving EH Infiltration strip Swale Generic m v fcLinks Outputs mi TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 3617450 52100354 E 5889074 92189938 6138237 6229416 E 7980568 63137923 E 8023522 57760357 183 865
5. A A P f 1 T T 7 d 3 516 259714361145 X y a 12204948 74761 8470 232067612 3654 283513374 29500 95577807 40958 30486963 Y a 4 4 ae 14908067 26671 103 5441902757 8 181619927228 583 1771863163 1200 235177776 E 562 338502951664 a um iar zs em a E 653 24200262357 1745821 815 5927085 048 Meters The impact of the linking the generic treatment to the infiltration surface treatment option on the simulated SMU loads are as follows Table 6 3 Table 6 3 Comparison of contaminant loads simulated for SMU 11 with the generic treatment option linked to swales TSS Particulate Dissolved Particulate Dissolved Treatment scenario Untreated SMU load kg year Diii unl betont 9 In this example the different configuration has a minimal effect on SMU overall treatment levels 6 2 Editing land use Land use can be changed by inputting new land use data into the model set up this requires ArcMap to be closed and reopened C CALM will save any treatment options in the geo database between sessions In this example SMU 1 is developed from rural to high density residential 1 Open C CALM and set up the sub catchment shape file following the instructions in oection4 2 128 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 2 When prompted open the existing Excel land use template The spreadsheet can be edited directly and then saved It is recommended that land u
6. __ 5 E3 d db BL P D 80 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 12 Highlight the fcdevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools click the link icon and link the options according to the instructions given in Example 5 2 1 File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Dei B AB X d 114186 Kearon e E LEL TAE AN H ORO 7 BISA FIO BB i e i o O SII d 9IB BIBB l Gai QAR Sa Fea bes Table 0f Contents ax a aot Ej Layers sn ES m all other values e QD w Pond 4m Wetland 1 Raingarden X Ei Filter E Catchpit D Street sweeping Porous paving H Infiltration strip Swale Generic EB fcLinks E M Outputs mi TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 1 3617450 52100354 6138237 6229416 E 7980568 63137923 188 8023522 57760357 Ml 8652826 50305337 W 10312983 6720545 B O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateCo E 454 535482443159 3852 560640759909 E 1553 17323949702 E 1665 42681511398 1l 3232 83884753444 Wl 4236 94155227681 tj O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 1560 278446945407 E 629 071370394571 E 1234 64902975158 E 1272 09373349867 W 3741 17635312227 Il 3824 29996550076 malen 1745940 782 5924358 83 Meters 1665 426815113 454 5354824431 560 2784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741
7. A Want to save your changes to cealm_units landuse xlsx Don t Save 3 Alternatively a new ccalm units landuse xlsx spreadsheet can be created with new data copied and pasted in 4 Selecting the ccalm units shape file in the Table of Contents will open fcdevices and display all the treatment options saved in the geodatabase Selecting fcdevices will activate the modelling tools clicking the links icon will display treatment train links 5 C CALM can now be run for the new land use C CALM 2 0 User Manual 129 ty Untitled ArcMap File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Des od 154 106 ZEE X QAN AN EO ESAS S OH i Editor BD qs f B Table Of Contents nx Ra esa g Layers fz m lt all other values yuees l BoipjEo amp Pond m Wetland Raingarden a Filter E Catchpit Street sweeping B Porous paving E Infiltration strip Swale Generic fcLinks B Outputs a OJ TSS Wl all other values outputTable TSS 2928055 73594114 m 3617450 52100354 15889074 92189938 716138237 6229416 a E 8023522 57760357 E Model Unit 8652826 50305337 E 8929791 30435223 I 8994965 66093055 E 10312983 6720545 E 10829268 7790248 Ml 12204948 7476181 188 13838084 3930047 88 14908067 2667134 Wl 33440353 2512538 E Particulate Copper Wl lt al other values ud Outputs exper Jes Particulate Dissolved Particulate Dissolved
8. 33440353 25125 10829268 77902 87 91511844734 456 4444872458 115 80701726684 1340 970319968 805 2376632712 5020 286627652 18277 32255974 56385 11166433 8023522 577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839595 3617450 521003 454 5354824431 560 2784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 6138237 6229416 5889074 921899 4236 941552276 1445 856454052 3741 176353122 1993 115422248 90546 78307872 3893278820275 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649023751 17819 68711229 12971 03985444 Ieleil iloimiaxioimi EU e 2928055 735941 10312983 67205 291 6704677359 852 5606407599 318 8458092855 1470 010148415 6601 626626517 629 0713703945 5435802178805 1963935015094 prs 8959203 374009 475 8130674012 325 79117034424 2614 390775165 2247 387630000 ary N 8652826 503053 1553 173239497 3824 299965500 8560 292747594 24739 93548937 n 12204348 74761 6785 601226844 5822 612081047 35322 77466095 33464 90281733 14908067 26671 NIWA enhancing the benefits of New Zealand s natural resources 103 2331437295 8 492666473471 589 2598743317 1
9. sg E s B g fcLinks B Outputs fcDevices m lt all other values Pond G Wetland Raingarden 23 Filter E Catchpit 4 Street sweeping eneric a TSS Wl all other values outputTable TSS 6138237 6229416 E 7980568 63137923 E 8023522 57760357 I 10312983 6720545 a O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable Particu 1852 560640759909 E 1665 42681511398 Il 3232 83884753444 Wl 4236 94155227681 amp O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo ateCo i k Dissolved Particulate 71629 071370394571 S E Co Concer nc ml 1234 64902975158 e N 8023522 577603 1665426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839595 ce j 6138237 6229416 4296 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 90546 78307872 B E Particulate Zinc m 8 7980568 631379 3232838847534 1234649029751 1781958711229 1297103995444 Wl lt all other values C i l 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 19639 35015094 outputTable ParticulateZn s m n C 5435 80217880562 17550 83077131574 E 17819 6871122962 jo Bleue ls 72 1746432 476 5924370 09 Meters C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 2 Treatment trains In the following examples two or more treatment options in a single SMU are linked in sequence to form a treatment train C CALM calculates the con
10. 6 d EL 49 RR Ve Runs Raingarden 23 Filter E Catchpit M Street sweeping Porous paving H Infiltration strip Swale Generic a fcLinks amp M Outputs gi TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 3617450 52100354 7 5889074 92189938 6138237 6229416 E 7980568 63137923 E 8023522 57760357 E 8652826 50305337 E 8959203 37400988 W 10312983 6720545 a y 8l 12204948 7476181 E j TSS Particulate Dissolved Particulate Dissolved a O Particulate Copper Copper Copper Zinc Zinc Wl all other values 8023522577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 1659275839595 outputTable ParticulateCo d 3617450 521003 454 5354824431 5602784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 E uM d 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 9054678307872 5889074 921899 1445 856454052 1993 115422248 8962 3382706778 38932 78820275 E 852 560640759909 i 1445 85645405252 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649029751 17819 68711229 12971 03985444 88 1553 17323949702 SA i 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 19639 35015094 m EE j 8959203 374009 475 8130674012 325 79117034424 2614 390775165 2247 387630000 Bios nd i 8652826 503053 1553 173239497 3824 299965500 8560 292747594 24739 93548937 Wl 6785 60122684464 a O Dissolved Copper Wl all other val
11. This manual is arranged into two parts first an overview of the C CALM project and modelling context Sections 1 and 2 followed by instructions for using C CALM including examples of different treatment set ups Sections 3 to 6 In addition there are five appendices Software terms and conditions are appended in Appendix A Appendix B gives the model set up for the hypothetical example used to demonstrate model usage Appendix C overviews the treatment options and their performance ratings Appendix D gives guidance on how to assign hydraulic efficiency ratings for wet detention ponds Finally a bibliography of documents relating to C CALM development and applications is provided in Appendix E 6 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 1 Model Background Many cities in New Zealand are located on natural streams rivers harbours or estuaries and the health of these aquatic environments is closely linked to the quality of contaminants transported in urban stormwater e g Kelly 2010 Sediments are a particular concern not only as high yields can potentially damage benthic invertebrate communities by smothering or changing substrate grain size Norkko 1999 but because contaminants from urban land uses tend to bind to sediments Bibby and Webster Brown 2005 Bibby and Webster Brown 2006 leading to further habitat degradation Dissolved forms of stormwater contaminants can also cause adverse effects especially in small urban streams where elevated co
12. a 25 s0 Es 75 mm 76 100 Ea 101 125 B ii EN i7 Figure 5 16 Comparison of pre and post treatment showing the reduction in simulated TSS yields The map shows output from ArcMap in layout view with a scale and legend added using standard GIS display tools 118 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 6 Editing The C CALM toolbar is provided with tools which can be used to change or delete treatment options or the links between them These are illustrated in the sections below 6 1 Editing treatment options In this example the set up for SMU 8 raingarden generic treatment and porous paving from Example 5 1 4 will be changed to demonstrate the editing tools The design settings for the raingarden will be altered and porous paving will be removed 6 1 1 Changing treatment set up In this example Figure 6 1 the raingarden treatment set up for SMU 8 will be adjusted so that raingardens no longer treat runoff from paved surfaces but receive runoff from 75 of coated galvanised steel roofs The expected level of removal for dissolved metals will be reduced from high to low The new treatment configuration is shown below Land cover SMU8 100 permeable 25 galvanised roofs75 all other roofs 50 paving 50 roads 75 galvanised roofs k Pre treatment Untreated Treated 5096 paving 5096 roads Infiltration strip Catchment contaminant load Figure 6 1 Edited
13. 0 0020 ewe of me T C E EE EE SEE EL ww oos e cL cL CL CL ses waa or aos oona oora aser 01818 aoa 010 cover cae Gonna ore oroa meer 9 wo of Pw of wwe aos wwe oro Wewa e aaso0 azsoo aasoo oasoo _ oasoo oasoo Table B 3 Land cover fractions used in the example given in this manual Permeable surfaces Slope lt 5 mE 25 0 4229 0 4229 0 2814 0 0633 0 1398 0 3385 0 3385 0 2814 0 6356 0 6356 0 3385 eoo a n Slope 5 Construction Slope 5 10 sites Slope gt 10 Slope 10 Stable forest Slope 10 20 Slope gt 20 10 production Slope 10 20 f t vue Slope gt 20 Slope 10 0 9623 ibas Slope 10 20 pasture Slope gt 20 DE Slope 10 Retired pasture Slope 10 20 Slope gt 20 Horticulture Sedimentary soil C CALM 2 0 User Manual 145 0 9623 L ess Appendix C Performance rules and treatment boxes for C CALM treatment options This appendix shows the literature derived performance rules for each of the C CALM treatment options Media Filters Removal of TSS and metals are user defined TSS and particulate metals Removal Efficiency Velocity Grain size DAMM eg ee o
14. 2000 L Nu ll j 10 o a E tb E ih E No S N Y d eee SD D QD S we SS SS N NS N N N A A A R A A 3 3 d E e e E e Pre treatment Post treatment change Figure 5 15 Comparison of total copper loads g year simulated with and without stormwater treatment 116 C CALM 2 0 User Manual f D T oh Comparison of model results with and without treatment All loads are in g year TSS Particulate Copper Dissolved Copper Particulate Zinc Dissolved Zinc 5 z O ec 5 5 5 o Ke o o o o ot O o ot T O ro ot O o ot O o O O o O i UO UO o UO E Q L o L Q L Q Q tc tc tc tc d tc 94052362 13561965 94052362 10829269 O 51 88 N ale m C1 ER 3 18 9961 7534 20 1673 95 1172 116 1341 18277 87 26844 13940738 14169204 14908067 8652827 12204949 14908067 38 14 8585 8726 103 1553 6786 103 82 22 0827 9923 3824 9823 34 2 45074 45812 8560 35323 81 23 40911 41582 1194 24740 33465 1194 Treated CO RE C1 Co co C1 Co co ERIT n Lise roere ao iers w w viva we w wr in w ama 10812084 3 909 853 6 645 629 5436 19689 0 11 8959203 873 476 620 326 2614 2247 Lee eer ae m se asma aso nen Lee emes ia m a ese ses oannes 14908067 0 0 0 0 9 o o Legend Change in yields TS55 reduction kg ha yr
15. Ab Raingarden E3 Filter E Catchpit 1f Street sweeping Porous paving B Infiltration strip Swale Generic a fcLinks E M Outputs a TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 713617450 52100354 715889074 92189938 716138237 6229416 3 7980568 63137923 3 8023522 57760357 E 8652826 50305337 183 8959203 37400988 b i 188 10312983 6720545 3 i s E smiss 8H 12204948 7476181 5 T 4448724 ESS 03532512538 8023522 577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839595 C Particulate Copper i 3617450 521003 454 5354824431 560 2784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 Wl lt l other values i 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 90546 78307872 outputTable ParticulateCo i 71454 535482443159 5889074 921899 1445 856454052 1993 115422248 8962 3382706778 38932 78820275 i 456 444487245846 i P E 3 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649029751 17819 68711229 12971 03985444 E3 475 813067401225 M 3 4 A 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435802178805 19639 35015094 E 852 560640759909 3 t 8959203 374009 475 8130674012 325 79117034424 2614 390775165 2247 387630000 fi 1445 85645405252 1 E 1553 17323949702 8652826 503053 1553 173239497 3824299965500 8560 252747594 24739 93548937 1 1665 42681511398 12204948 74761 67
16. Dissolved Zn Medium Dissolved Cu Medium gt Q cancel gy ok 10 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU 11 Click on fourth treatment option in this case the porous paving icon Eo Gce B44 BOO KM Run 12 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required C CALM 2 0 User Manual 89 Treatment option ID sm SMU Area 306401 multiple sources Proportion of treated 100 13 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU 14 Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete Once the treatment options are in place they can be linked for form trains 15 Highlight the fcdevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools click the link icon and link the options In this case the catchpits are linked to filters while the porous paving and swales are not part of the train and are not linked 16 Run C CALM 90 C CALM 2 0 User Manual File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Deget AB XK cde 1 14 186 i E je Fm E A if in F2 SN ES 2x ETE 5 Layers x e fcDevices m lt all other values io Pond G Wetland Y Raingarden E Filter Catchpit 6 Street sweeping Porous paving H Infiltration strip Swale E G Generic a fcLinks E v Outputs a
17. Land cover SMU9 Train 2 1096 roads 1096 paving 3096 roads 3096 paving 1096 roofs Porous paving 30 roofs Land cover SMU9 untreated 2096 roads 20 paving 6096 roofs 10096 permeable Catchpits inserts Catchment contaminant load Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 12 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 9 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 107 Train 1 The configuration for train 1 Figure 5 13 is as follows Land cover SMU9 Train 1 Roads Paving 20 roads Catchpits G no inserts Generic treatment Pond A gt Pre treatment Untreated Treated 2096 roads 2096 paving Catchpits no inserts Catchment Filters contaminant load Figure 5 13 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 9 Train 1 Catchpits to generic treatment Catchpits no inserts treat 2096 of roads and 2096 of paving and drain to the generic treatment option New TreatmentOption Catchpit Treatment option ID CEN SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Inserts no H Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 Vehicles day 1000 5000 z 20 g 20 Vehicles day 5000 20000 z 20 g 20 3 amp PSD Medium CoarseGi cancel ok 108 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Treatment option ID e f SMU Area 154762 multiple sources meso E Ro
18. NL Taihoro Nukurangi C CALM 2 0 User Manual Catchment Contaminant Annual Load Model August 2014 Untitled ArcMap File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Dege ae x d 194 185 EZ mE my amp eaimeitueemN 93 ki mA iter v cZ i a5 mb E Emm SS s NN J 3 i Be Table Of Contents aX j8 6 amp Porous paving E Infiltration strip Swale Generic g fcLinks a M Outputs a O TSS Wl all other values outputTable TSS C 2928055 73594114 E 3617450 52100354 1 5889074 92189938 i 6138237 6229416 7980568 63137923 3 8023522 57760357 E 8652826 50305337 E 8959203 37400988 E 10312983 6720545 E 10829268 7790248 E 12204948 7476181 Ml 14908067 2667134 Ili 33440353 2512538 Nl 94052362 4803717 a Particulate Copper S Wl lt all other values Ni ajeas il ojee amp m Particulate outputTable ParticulateCo 87 9151184473489 1103 233143729543 E 291 670467735938 33 454 535482443159 3 456 444487245846 E 475 813067401225 13 651 279664917944 E 852 560640759909 fi 1445 85645405252 E 1553 17323949702 E 1665 42681511398 Wl 3232 83884753444 Wl 4236 94155227681 Ml 6785 60122684464 E O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 18 49266647347114 0 53 5787323264404 Model Unit a TSS 94052362 48037 Lene 651 2796649179 5357873232644 3717 5364387799 7533 697079203
19. C CALM 2 0 User Manual 153 Generic Treatment Option All treatment removal efficiencies are set by the user The option has removal percentages in increments of 5 from 0 to 100 for each contaminant Treatment option ID SMU Area 300540 multiple sources Roads Proportion of treated 7 Vehicles day 1000 5000 25 25 Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu Q cancel ok 154 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Appendix D Hydraulic Rating Guide The hydraulic rating is a parameter used in continuously stirred tank reactor models CSTR of ideal settling CSTR modelling is widely used for simulating settling in detention basins and was used to derive the C CALM performance rules for ponds and wetlands The method assumes that there are two types of settling quiescent and dynamic A detention basin operates under dynamic conditions during a flow event with water either entering or exiting the basin i e there is a change in the basin volume and stage level Quiescent settling occurs during the dry period between storms The relative importance of the two settling periods depends on the size of the pond the volume of each runoff event and the length of time between events The hydraulic rating is used in the calculation of settling during dynamic conditions This calculation is based on Hazen theory Fair and Geyer 1954 where the basin is approximated as a series of successive tanks with flow from one tank to the next
20. Object Origin Object Delimiter Object Editable Object Notify Object Converter Object AddToMru Object Local Object CorruptLoad at ccalm_2 forms FrmLoadLanduse openExcel String path in cxccalm ZMormssFrmLoadLanduse cs line 313 The Microsoft Access database engine could not find the object landuseS Make sure the object exists and that you spell its name and the path name correctly If landuseS is not a local object check your network connection or contact the server administrator ines err Unhandled exception has occurred in a component in your application If you click Continue the application will ignore this error and attempt to continue The Microsoft Access database engine could not find the object landuseS Make sure the object exists and that you spell its name and the path name correctly If landuseS is not a local object check your network connection or contact the server administrator C CALM cannot find the existing spreadsheet This tool opens the most recently saved copy of ccalm units landuse xlsx When running C CALM for the first time chose the create new option to automatically create ccalm units xlsx from the template land use xlsx f you do have an existing land use spreadsheet check that it is saved with the correct name and format in the C CALM folder 40 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 3 Running the model C CALM now has the information needed to simulate annual contaminant loads for the SMUs It
21. Roads Proportion of treated 7 Vehicles day 1000 5000 m 100 p 100 delete add PSD Medium Grain N cancel 4 ok New TreatmentOption Catchpit Treatment option ID Sy SMU Area 295363 multiple sources Inserts yes Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 7 Residential paved m zu g 010029 delete aa jJ PSD Medium Grain N amp cance gy ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU C CALM 2 0 User Manual 10 Click on second treatment option in this case the filter icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required In this example the filter is set to train only as all the inflow is pre treated by the catchpit inserts The PSD of the sediments reaching the filter has been modified from the original medium grain PSD to reflect the preferential removal of coarse grained sediments by the catchpit inserts Treatment option ID so SMU Area 295363 train only s Proportion of treated 7 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on third treatment option in this case the raingardens icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required Note that the PSD in this example for sediments from roofs is fine i Ra inga otion in jarden ee Trea
22. Roofs Zincalume Zinc aluminium coated Colorsteel Colorcote new metal tiles Concrete Copper Other materials lt 1000 17m 1000 5000 17m 5000 20000 20000 50000 50000 100000 gt 100000 Roads Annual Average Daily Traffic expressed as vehicles per day v p d Assumed road width given in parentheses To TO D mm CO 0 1950 0 0360 0 5900 0 1070 0 1600 0 0294 Slope lt 10 0 0016 0 0003 Slope 10 20 0 0032 0 0006 Slope gt 20 0 0065 0 0013 Urban Stream Channel po 6000 0 2100 0 0420 Slope lt 10 2500 0 0880 0 0180 Construction Site Slope 10 20 5600 0 1960 0 0390 Slope gt 20 10600 0 3710 0 0740 Slope lt 10 0 0012 0 0002 Exotic production forest Slope 10 20 0 0036 0 0007 Slope gt 20 0 0073 0 0015 Slope lt 10 0 0005 0 0001 Stable forest Slope 10 20 0 0015 0 0003 Slope gt 20 0 0029 0 0006 Residential Paved Surfaces Industrial Commercial 4 TSS 5 5 5 12 5 5 16 o 10 21 28 53 234 32 22 32 5 92 Urban Grasslands and trees C CALM 2 0 User Manual 1 SOURCE SOURCE TYPE TIEREN Tss zn cu Slope lt 10 0 0053 0 0011 e 0 ees Hx lant une __ Permeable zinc yield TSS yield x 38x10 __ Permeable copper yield TSS yield x 7x10 2 2 C CALM as a SDSS for freshwater management C CALM embeds a modified version of the CLM spreadsheet model wi
23. Users are required to enter the following parameters for the performance rule query library Catchment Parameters Residential 100 Commercial 100 Industrial 100 Average catchment slope 0 005 0 01 0 03 and 0 05 Raingarden bio retention Parameters 100 200 400 and 600 m ha1 expressed as fractions 1 2 4 and 6 Predominant land use and impervious percentage of surface area Specific area ratio of raingarden surface area relative to the contributing area Depth 0 5 1 0 and 1 5 m Bypass Yes or no if yes generic parameters for the bypass outflow weir 096 isolated from groundwater 1096 2096 4096 and Deep percolation to groundwater 50 0 5 mm medium sand 1 mm coarse sand 2 mm very MECA MENAN JTAIMSIZG AAMEISI coarse sand 3 mm gravel e g pumice soils Dissolved metal removal is user defined Dissolved Metal Removal Efficiency Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn o a Deam 8 8 0 High fa New TreatmentOption Raingarden Treatment option ID LEEREN SMU Area 288887 multiple sources Catchment type Catchment slope v Specific area Depth m M Deep percolation By pass Media Grain Size X Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 v PSD v Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel amp ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 151 Ponds TSS and particulate metal removal are simulated Users are requir
24. 7 Zip i maptoaster exi i E Paint NET Scan for Viruses Windows DVD Unpin from Taskbar kag Windows Fax z Fin to Start Menu wies E Windows Med i Windows Med Restore previous versions e Windows Upd Send to b lt 4 XPS Viewer Js Accessories Copy ArcGIS ES Delete d ArcCataloc Rn B ArcGIS Ad OSE _ QQ ArGlobel Properties i Qe ArcMap 10 1 ae evices and Print a ArcScene 10 1 4 Click on Customize and select Customize from the Toolbars menu Customize Windows Help Toolbars Extensions Add In Manager VEA Macros Customize Mode Style Manager Versioning SS Custemuoe ArcMap Options This will open the Customize Toolbars window 5 Click on the Add From File button under the Command tab and navigate to the C CALM dll folder Select ccalm 2 tlb and click OK C CALM 2 0 User Manual 27 Sp 3D Analyst Layer List Co Add Features to TIN SEL eas st Adjust Node Z Tool Advanced Edit Tools All Animation Area and Volume Aspect Class Connect TIN Nodes Tool Description Gv om tu Date modified Type 71 05 2014 11 25 a File folder E ccalm 2 dll Applicatic uw b uccalm 24b 12 09 2014 9 53 a TLE File Desktop Libraries Component Libraries dll esriAddin tib C CALM 2 0 User Manual Added Objects Create SandFilter Command Open Fin
25. August 2005 Butler D and Davis J 2010 Urban Drainage Third Edition Spon Press Oxon UK Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology 2005 MUSIC User Manual Version 2 1 CRCCH Urban Stormwater Quality Program Australia C CALM 2 0 User Manual 131 Davis A P Shokouhian M and Sharma H 2003 Water quality improvement through bioretention Lead copper and zinc removal Water Environment Research 75 1 73 82 Davis A P Shokouhian M Sharma H Henderson C Winogradoff D and Coffman L 1998 Bioretention for Treatment of Urban Stormwater Runoff Laboratory and Field Results Proceedings Water Environment Federation 71st Annual Conference and Exposition Orlando Florida USA Densham P J 1991 Spatial decision support systems In D J Maguire M F Goodchild amp R D W Eds Geographical Information Systems Principles and Applications Harlow Longman John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York Driscoll E D DiToro D Gaboury D and P S 1986 Methodology for Analysis of Detention Basins for Control of Urban Runoff Quality Report No EPA 440 5 87 01 NTIS No PB87 116562 U S EPA Washington DC Dykes J MacEachren A M and Kraak M 2005 Exploring geovisualization Elsevier Amsterdam Netherlands Elliott A H Trowsdale S and Wadhwa S 2006 Upscaling a model of on site stormwater control devices 7th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling and the 4th Interna
26. C CALM 2 0 User Manual 21 2 5 2 Performance rules development literature The literature based rules for the removal of dissolved metals in ponds wetlands and raingardens and water treatment for TSS and metals using other treatment options were derived from a review of both local and international case studies Semadeni Davies 2008a It was found that the removal efficiency of a particular stormwater treatment option is highly site and event specific and depends on the environmental drivers at the site land use geology topology topography hydrology and climate water chemistry e g pH and the type and design of the treatment facility However most of the studies cited do not contain information on the wider environment or sediment properties e g PSD and many were laboratory based particularly for filters which means that they may not be representative of field conditions Therefore C CALM provides users with a choice of high medium or low efficiency specific to each treatment option that can be chosen from a drop down menu in the option dialogue box That is users are asked to select the appropriate level of treatment according to a priori knowledge of local design criteria device type and configuration and catchment conditions Where possible sediment removal efficiency has been related to sediment size i e street sweeping and catchpits all other options assume equal removal efficiency for all sediment size classes
27. Commercial f Impervious surface 0 6 Catchment slope 0 005 Specific area 20 B Roads Proportion of treated 7 LF I x pem PTT Pond settings 110 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Land use commercial Imperviousness 60 Slope to gutter 0 005 Specific area 1 or 100 m ha Hydraulic Efficiency 1 poor Depth invert level 1 m Weir width 1 m Extended detention no This combination gives the following treatment efficiency 96 in the C CALM database pea Gili Rd a ld d 8 9 20 90 83 95 98 99 99 Train 2 The configuration for the second treatment train Figure 5 14 is as follows Land cover SMU9 Train 2 3096 roads Catchpits 30 paving Inserts 1096 roads 1096 paving Porous pavi ng 10 roofs Catchment owales contaminant load 30 roofs Pond B Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 14 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 9 Train 2 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 111 Catchpits with inserts Catchpits with inserts treat 30 of roads and 30 of paving the treated runoff drains directly to Pond B Treatment option ID o f SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Inserts Roads Proportion of treated oe g n 20 9 PSD Medium CoarseGi Q cancel 4 ok gt Treatment option ID Pe SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Inserts yes v Roads Roofs Paved Surface
28. Copper Zinc Zinc 13838084 39300 1538 835 1483 5410768191 1062232201983 5365239548926 10829268 77902 115 80701726684 1340 970319968 1827732255974 33440353 25125 805 2376632712 5020 286627652 56385 11166433 8023522577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839595 3617450521003 454 5354824431 560 2784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 90546 78307872 5889074921899 1445 856454052 1993 115422248 8962 3382706778 38932 78820276 8994965 660930 6458 958102465 4726996871201 35505 56366619 32224 36649979 i 2928055735941 291 6704677359 318 8458092855 1470 010148415 6601 626626517 mcn Qe eM n 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 19639 35015094 fei ts erick 8929791 304352 455 9599203823 323 29518126967 2506 852895479 2214 939772031 71291 670467735038 8652826 503053 1553173239497 3824 299965500 8560 292747594 24739 93548937 E 454 535482443159 12204948 74761 6785 601226844 5822612081047 35322 77466095 33464 90281733 19 455 959920382308 14908067 26671 103 2331437295 8 492666473471 589 2598743317 1194 152489760 EE 456 444487245846 i fj 852 560640759909 Tol
29. Manual 121 6 1 2 Removing a treatment option In this example Figure 6 2 in addition to the edits made to the raingarden settings porous paving has been removed as a treatment option for the SMU Land cover SMU8 100 permeable 25 galvanised roofs75 all other roofs 100 paving 50 roads 75 galvanised roofs Pre treatment Untreated Treated 50 roads Catchment Infiltration strip contaminant load Figure 6 2 Edited stormwater treatment options for SMU 8 b raingardens with changed set up options and porous paving removed 1 Click on the delete treatment icon 2 Click and drag a box around the treatment option to be removed e 3 C CALM will request confirmation before deleting the option Clicking yes will remove the treatment option Delete Features A Really want to delete selected feature 122 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 C CALM can be run as normal Q Untitled ArcMap Toe File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help ghi 3 AB x I o be ru MI In icr pal I QQ eem kQ9 mu5ACUE enis Al DIO ic aa e gs e 67 i eu m Table Of Contents nx aega Ej Layers m all other values Ri uoiees eif Boje amp Pond Pa Wetland Raingarden 23 Filter E Catchpit f Street sweeping Porous paving B Infiltration strip Swale G Generic a fcLinks E
30. Outputs o Ts Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 712928055 73594114 3617450 52100354 77 5889074 92189938 716138237 6229416 E 8023522 57760357 3 8652826 50305337 E 8959203 37400988 Particulate Dissolved Particulate fl 8994965 66093055 Copper _Copper Zinc E 10312983 6720545 94052362 48037 653 24200262357 51 61639462081 3679161834758 7572 0716832244 Wl 10829268 7790248 10829268 77902 2 21085427823 105 7991991545 1325 762270722 18319 83897044 33440353 25125 5162597143611 620 8537128691 4807 228715186 57003 523742964 Il 33440353 2512538 88 94052362 4803717 8023522 577603 2074 582292269 843 5233371158 6416 295632907 17766 15844945 ci E Particulate Copper 3617450521003 562 3385029516 451 5051687958 11357 80371301 1803147005390 Wi lt all other values 6138237 6229416 5291 138914630 2380 524908503 20965 04169699 95554 36643795 SUDIIT ME paille 5889074 921899 1799 307903392 1266 910923284 7740 265168814 40993 90792966 M97 7100542762308 8994965 66093 OF 12075 2994 2909277654 6717698446 28242 7265451 j 360 761704120281 sene ies z EET E71516 259714361145 2928055 735941 360 7617041202 220 1905511547 1280 8424850536 6906 5547349249 E 562 338502951664 10312983 67205 1051 099351534 422 5098778212 4724 988965087 20
31. SMU selection tools data importation inserting treatment options treatment editing tools and modelling tools The toolbar is show below Figure 3 1 along with a description of the icons Icons are greyed out until they become activated as users complete the model set up Import data Editing tools o E3 0 dp BO MR Run Selection tools Treatment options Modelling tools Selection tools Import data Import spatial data subcatchment shapefile and land p cover spreadsheet 89 Wetdetentonpond 00000 o 8 Weed 0000000000000 Bite __ Raingarden bioretention 00 BF intiteation stip swate 0000000000000 o Prwspwig oo Generic user specified treatment Delete treatment option o Editing tools X Eetrestment pion O AY delete model inputs Delete all treatment options and links Figure 3 1 The C CALM interface toolbar and icons C CALM 2 0 User Manual 31 4 1 Test Case Waiarohia Catchment The shape files used in this manual are from the Waiarohia Inlet catchment between Whenuapai airbase and Hobsonville west of Auckland The catchment is largely rural with a small area of residential land use The catchment consists of 14 natural drainage sub catchments which were used as the boundaries for SMUs in this manual The land use in this manual has been set up to illustrate the application of C CALM and reflects neither the actual land use nor any planned development Similarly the treatment options simulated
32. Windows Help Del e AB x 9 d 11418 QQUh Oiled H ORO 7 SISA amp OBZ te l2 nc ssl 9IBINIBE ep eB Py ES EX S NN Table Of Contents ao8 sem E fcDevices m all other values e Pond 4m Wetland gt Raingarden E Filter E Catchpit 46 Street sweeping Porous paving 4 Infiltration strip Swale Generic g fcLinks Ej M Outputs 8 TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 7 6138237 6229416 Il 8023522 57760357 O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateCo 11665 42681511398 Il 4236 94155227681 a O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 11272 09373349867 I 3741 17635312227 a O Particulate Zinc Wl all other values outputTable ParticulateZn 17550 83077131574 Il 24602 302999711 Ej O Dissolved Zinc Wl lt all other values outputTable DissolvedZn 116592 7583959565 Il 90546 7830787264 E ccalm units Kacan e E TSS Particulate Copper Dissolved Copper Particulate Zinc Dissolved Zinc This means that either the land cover is not present in the land use table i e cccalm units landuse xlsx for the SMU or is 100 treated by earlier treatment options 1746541 325 5924377 597 Meters Doieieo yeas C CALM 2 0 User Manual 63 5 1 3 Multiple unlinked treatment options generic porous paving and swales single source with proportion split In this example Figure 5 3 SMU 10 low i
33. and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first upstream treatment option in this case the catchpit icon While it is possible to link across treatment across SMU boundaries this will cause C CALM to give incorrect treatment estimates C CALM 2 0 User Manual 73 3 74 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill it in according to the scenario described above i multiple sources Inserts Proportion of treated 100 100 100 g 00 Paved Sufaces Others 00 Proportion of treated 75 s y 0003 ee at et at at et at i A E Click on the second downstream treatment option in this case the filter icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option C CALM 2 0 User Manual 10 11 New TreatmentOption Filter Treatment option ID Bs SMU Area 506000 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 x g PSD TSS gt Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu amp cancel amp ok In this example the filters only receive stormwater that has been pre treated in catchpits Click on the multiple sources button near the top of the treatment set
34. devices and links 4 C CALM will require confirmation that the model settings should be removed Clicking Yes will reset C CALM by removing model results from the display and treatment options from the database 52 C CALM 2 0 User Manual C CALM 2 0 User Manual 53 5 Simulating Stormwater Treatment C CALM is based on simple load calculations for each land cover which take into account the proportion of the land cover treated by each treatment option and the PSD of sediments entering that option This means that C CALM is capable of simulating contaminant removal based on the performance rules discussed in Section 2 5 for combinations of options and land covers such as A single treatment option treating runoff from a single land cover A single treatment option treating runoff from multiple land covers Multiple treatment options treating runoff from one or more land covers Multiple linked treatment options trains treating runoff from one or more land covers The calculations are lumped within a SMU this means that it is not necessary for the placement of a treatment option to reflect the true location of that option Furthermore C CALM is not intended to model ALL of the options in a SMU but rather the average removal that would be achieved using a representative device with similar design properties and source areas For the modelled devices ponds wetlands and raingardens the specific area of the device rath
35. into another software package for further analysis or reporting see Section 4 4 1 Creating a shape file of the model results by exporting any of the Output group layers as a shape file right click on any of the layers under the Outputs group layer and select Export Data under the Data menu You will need to add an alias for each field as the resulting shape file will not preserve the field names from the output layer zj Outputs B EL Copy Remove x EH Open Attribute Table Bl Joins and Relates gt Zoom To Layer m E Emi Visible Scale Range gt Use Symbol Levels Selection gt Label Features Edit Features gt D EL BEBE EERE Convert Symbology to Representation Data b lt gt Save As Layer File Export Data El E o Create Layer Package Export Data er Properties Save this layer s data as a shapefile iyrzzrzouzsuz ur B or geodatabase feature class SJ 2073 28502431119 Ig 2171 65688840677 ran SMUID outputTabl 3 outputTa 1 outputTa 2 outputTa 3 Ewe outputTabl 2 3 3 4 3 9 T d Note that like all layers in GIS saving the Outputs layer as a new layer will result in the data being updated from the database following each new model run Saving the database under a new location for later reference The C CALM model set up for treatment options is saved in the database C CALM draws on this database
36. networks are built up by linking options so that the contaminants remaining after up stream treatment are fed as input into the next option in the network Each treatment in 14 C CALM 2 0 User Manual the option therefore has user defined sources entered into the dialogue box i e land cover classes and up stream loads as modified by earlier linked treatment options 2 4 Partitioning and fractionation Sediments in stormwater contain a wide range of particle sizes with an associated range of settling soeeds See reviews in Roesner et al 2007 Semadeni Davies 2013 Factors such as land use and the soil type in a catchment affect these particle sizes Sediments in C CALM are divided into five default particle size distributions PSDs these are denoted fine medium fine medium medium coarse and coarse Table 2 2 and cover the range of PSDs found in stormwater The five PSDs are defined according to nine common size classes The selection and representation of the five C CALM PSDs is discussed in detail in Semadeni Davies 2008a Semadeni Davies 2008b and Harper et al 2008 The medium PSD is based upon the results of the US National Urban Runoff Program NURP Driscoll et al 1986 The NURP fall soeeds were scaled down by factors of ten and two respectively for the fine and medium fine PSDs and up by factors of ten and two respectively for the coarse and medium coarse PSDs Particle diameter is calculated from the fall soeed and
37. not set to train only C CALM can be run as normal If the downstream treatment option is set to train only and there are no other input devices CLUES will return an error message see Section 5 2 1 trouble shooting 126 C CALM 2 0 User Manual File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help DAES BB xoci rs Kaanan T iQ amgizi eem SRO 7 BSA S Dl Beg ner thiz n4 Hii 91 19 mNIB p ED Py ER EN 8 5 NN E ES d Be Table Of Contents ax EERIE Ej Layers a m all other values gt yeas ei boreieo io Pond 4m Wetland Raingarden EB Filter Ec Catchpit 4 Street sweeping Porous paving e Infiltration strip Swale G Generic Bg fcLinks Ej M Outputs a TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 7 2928055 73594114 13617450 52100354 Particulate Dissolved 651 2796649179 53 57873232644 3717 5364387799 7533 697079203 87 91511844734 115 80701726684 1340 970319968 E 8023522 57760357 53 8652826 50305337 E 8994965 66093055 E 9122244 93021197 fl 10312983 6720545 E 10829268 7790248 HH 12204948 7476181 E 14908067 2667134 Hl 33440353 2512538 Wl 94052362 4803717 B O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateCo 187 9151184473489 1103 233143729543 33 291 670467735938 93 454 535482443159 31 456 444487245846 E 585 866117837633 18651 279664917944 1272093733498 75508307
38. of Road Runoff Contaminants Laboratory Experiments and Monitoring of Treatment Walls Land Transport New Zealand Research Report 282 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 133 Paul M J and Meyer J L 2001 Streams in the urban landscape Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32 333 365 Persson J 2000 The hydraulic performance of ponds of various layouts Urban Water 2 243 250 Persson J Somes N L G and Wong T H F 1999 Hydraulic efficiency of constructed wetlands and ponds Water Science and Technology 40 3 291 300 Persson J and Wittgren H B 2003 How hydrological and hydraulic conditions affect performance of ponds Ecological Engineering 21 259 269 Puddephatt J and Heslop V 2007 What we can learn from overseas Policy instruments to promote the uptake of low impact urban design and development Prepared for Landcare Research Ltd University of Auckland Auckland Regional Council and Christchurch City Council Roesner L A Pruden A and Kidner E M 2007 Improved protocol for classification and analysis of stormwater borne solids Water Environment Research Foundation WERF and IWA publishing 04 SW 4 ocholes L Revitt D M and Ellis J B 2008 A systematic approach for the comparative assessment of stormwater pollutant removal potentials Journal of Environmental Management 88 467 478 ochueler T 1992 Design of stormwater wetland systems guidelines for creating diverse and effective sto
39. option and catchment characteristics This allows for amongst other things variable removal efficiencies within each treatment option and variable sediment and particulate removal depending on the type of treatment and the sediment particle size distribution PSD Other points of difference between CLM and C CALM are that C CALM operates within a GIS platform allowing more than one catchment to be simulated at a time and graphical map displays as well as tabulated results i e C CALM is a semi distributed model allows runoff from a specific source to be split between different treatment options allows complex treatment scenarios to be set up which have no restrictions on train configuration or the number of treatment options has a variable PSD and partitions metals into particulate and dissolved forms rather than total metals 10 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table 2 1 Surface covers and respective annual contaminant yields used in load calculations by both CLM and C CALM Auckland Regional Council 2010 Timperley et al 2010 SOURCE SOURCE TYPE Yield g m year m a Galvanised steel unpainted 2 2400 0 0003 Galvanised steel poorly painted 1 3400 0 0003 Galvanised steel coated Decramastic tiles Galvanised steel well painted 0 2800 0 0017 0 2000 0 0009 0 0200 0 0016 0 0033 2 1200 0 0020 0 0015 0 0089 0 0369 0 0858 158 0 1570 0 2431 0 2000 0 0003 Zinc aluminium unpainted
40. reform in New Zealand for stormwater management 13th International Conference on Urban Drainage Sarawak Malaysia 7 12 September 2014 Shoemaker L J R Alvi K Zhen J X Paul S and Rafi T 2009 SUSTAIN a framework for placement of best management practices in urban watersheds to protect water quality EPA 600 R 09 095 US EPA okeen M and Timperley M 2008 Waitakere City Vehicle Testing Station raingarden monitoring runoff NZWWA Stormwater Conference Rotorua May 15 16 2008 Taylor M 2006 An Assessment of Iron and Steel Slag for treatment of Stormwater Pollution Prepared for The Australasian iron amp steel Slag Association Inc http www asa inc org au Doc ASA Landcare Report pdf Taylor M and Pandey S 2005 Road runoff contaminant removal by a treatment wall constructed at the Hewletts Rd Tasman Quay roundabout Mount Maunganui Final Report Landcare Research Contract Report 0405 136 AKL2008 031 prepared for Bay of Plenty Regional Council Timperley M 2007 The why and how of site contaminant load modelling 5th South Pacific Stormwater Conference Auckland May 16 18 2007 Timperley M Skeen M and Jayaratne J 2010 Development of the Contaminant Load Model Auckland Regional Council Technical Report 2010 004 Timperley M Williamson B Mills G Horne B and M Q H 2005 Sources and loads of metals in urban stormwater NIWA Client Report AKL2004 070 Auckland Regio
41. reverse engineer C CALM or directly or indirectly allow a third party to disassemble decompile or reverse engineer the whole or any part of C CALM iv Merge all or any part of C CALM with any other software V Remove or obliterate from C CALM any copyright notice applied by NIWA vi Disclose to provide or otherwise make C CALM available in whole or in part to any person other than your employees vil Use C CALM except in accordance with the provisions of this licence and or vill Sell assign licence or otherwise transfer your rights under this licence You shall ensure your employees and any permitted agents contractors assignees or licensees agree to be bound by the terms of this licence If you want to use C CALM for a commercial purpose or any purpose other than your Internal Purpose you shall seek NIWA s consent and enter into an appropriate agreement with NIWA prior to any such use TERM Unless you receive NIWA s express written permission the licence is effective for a two 2 year term commencing on the date of first installation execution or use of C CALM unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of this licence The licence may be renewed as of right but upon written request for a further two 2 year concurrent term This licence shall automatically terminate if you breach any of the terms or conditions of the licence NIWA may terminate the licence in its sole discretion upon two 2 weeks
42. so that every new session will hold the treatment information from the previous session However any subsequent changes to the treatment set up will be permanent in the database To keep a copy of a set of treatment options save a copy of the database into a new folder To reuse the model set up replace the default database with the saved version C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 4 6 Re setting C CALM for further runs When using C CALM to make multiple runs for different SMU selections land use scenarios or stormwater treatment options it is important to remove the previous results before re running C CALM must not be re run if the Outputs group of layers is present in the TOC 1 Ensure results and settings have been saved for future reference see Section 4 5 above 2 To remove the Outputs group layer but preserve treatment options right click on the Output group layer in the TOC and select Remove E Ow 4213117 a r T4 b Add Data E ee New Group Layer Co p B copy X Ungr Remove A do Zoom _ i Remove layer from data frame C ce E Visible Scale Range k The treatment settings will remain in place for editing or the next C CALM session as they are saved in C CALM database 3 To remove the Outputs group layer and all treatment settings click on the Run drop down menu and select delete model inputs build and run h delete model inputs delete all devices and links delete all
43. up window this is the default which allows users to input land covers to be treated to activate train only mode Treatment option ID CENE SMU Area multiple sources Treatment option ID MN SMU Area 506000 train only The land cover and PSD drop down menus will be deactivated and C CALM will direct the outputs of the upstream option to the downstream option once the two are linked Paved Surfaces Roads Proportion of treated 5 Select the level of removal efficiency for the dissolved metals and particulates where required in this example high removal of all contaminants Note that the drop down menu for the choice of PSD is not active PSD TSS High Dissolved Zn High L Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU ee Elt amp E Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete In this example there are no more treatment options to add Once the treatment options are in place they can be linked for form trains C CALM 2 0 User Manual 75 12 To link the treatment options highlight the fcdevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools Layers 13 Trains are created by drawing links between treatment options Click on the links Icon 14 Click and drag from the centre of the upstream option to the centre of the downstream option Double click A dashed red line will flash between the options and will then be
44. with an NZTM projection and restart C CALM TROUBLE SHOOTING When click OK this messages pops up r x can t map Field You attempted to open a database that is already opened exclusively by user ADMIN on machine NIWA 30234 Try again when the database is available The C CALM database is not being updated for the new catchment shape file This error can occur if you have recently had ArcMap open to edit the catchment shape file You will need to exit ArcMap and restart the computer C CALM 2 0 User Manual 35 TROUBLE SHOOTING When click OK to add the ID field one of these messages pops up SS xl somethings wrang Field C Smuld already exists in table DELTA ccalm_units s Add Field didn t work Index was outside the bounds of the array The C CALM database is not being updated These errors tend to occur when a new blank document is opened without first closing ArcMap Close and restart ArcMap and then follow the model set up instructions above TROUBLE SHOOTING When I click OK this messages pops up can t map Field Field C Smuld already exists in table ccalm units OK The C CALM database is not being updated for the new catchment shape file Clicking OK and continuing will bring up the catchment shape file from a previous modelling session The update is normally automatic in C CALM but may fail if you do not have MS Access on your PC you may need to delete the old ccalm units table manu
45. written notice NIWA may in its sole discretion terminate this licence at any time upon six 6 months notice C CALM may contain integral third party components If a third party terminates or otherwise withdraws or suspends NIWA s access to any such component then NIWA may suspend a your access to C CALM and or terminate this licence immediately Upon termination or expiration or this licence you agree to immediately cease use of and delete destroy C CALM and any copies thereof in whatever form If you are bound by the Public Records Act 2005 to retain a copy of C CALM then you may do SO solely for record keeping purposes but only to the extent necessary for you to meet your obligations under that Act EXCLUSION OF WARRANTIES C CALM 2 0 User Manual 137 4 1 4 2 4 3 9 2 5 3 5 4 138 C CALM is provided as is without warranty of any kind either express or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and or fitness for a particular purpose NIWA does not warrant that the functions contained in C CALM will meet your requirements or that the operation of C CALM will be uninterrupted or error free or that C CALM will not infringe a third party s intellectual property rights If you or a third party through your use of C CALM suffered damage or incurs liability or cost as a result of your use of C CALM you and not NIWA agree to assume the entire cost of all necessa
46. 00 200 Cm Entries missing Missing treatment setting here PSD Entries missing C CALM 2 0 User Manual 59 5 1 2 Single treatment option detention pond multiple sources with split proportions In this example Figure 5 2 stormwater generated by the half the impervious surfaces found in SMU 6 an old industrial area with medium coarse PSD is treated by an end of line stormwater pond Land cover SMU6 50 impervious surfaces Catchment contaminant load x Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 2 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 6 The pond has the following parameters with reference to the catchment properties in Appendix Four Catchment type industrial mperviousness 90 representing 86 imperviousness see Appendix Four Slope to gutter 0 03 Specific area 1 5 or 150 m ha i e a pond area of around 2500 m serving 16 8 ha of impervious surfaces Hydraulic Efficiency 3 5 good see Appendix D Depth invert level 1 5 m Weir width 3 m e g a standpipe of 1 m diameter Extended detention yes This combination gives the following treatment efficiency 96 in the C CALM database for each particle size class in the PSD fifi pror parea areo The removal efficiency for dissolved metals is medium 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm_units shape f
47. 1 Click on any of the treatment options to activate the fcDevices shape file which will be displayed automatically in the TOC In the example the street sweeping icon has been selected Table Of Contents nx 3 6 S a E f Layers E fcDevices m call other XE STRAIT m Pond Samp Wetland E Raingarden Ed Filter Catchpit Street sweeping fo Porous paving E Infiltration strip Swale Generic El nz regions 4 Click on the fcDevices shape file to activate the Model Run Tools on the interface toolbar Eja em rj Layers g lt all other C CALM 24 dm Pond G Wetland 5 Click on the link icon This will activate the fcLinks shape file which will now be displayed in the TOC 42 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Catchpit bu Street sweeping Porous paving E infiltrate ee Generid fed Cd a c3 4 B E fcLinks E ccalm units 6 Click on the Hun drop down menu and select build and run 7 d fun graph from devices nodes Eu and lnks edges and run model m build graph from devices and links T and run model j o NEL j 7 Wait for C CALM to run This may take several minutes The more SMUs that are selected the longer the run time A progress bar will be displayed in the lower right hand corner Outputs are discussed in the next section C CALM 2 0 User Manual TROUBLE SHOOTING When run C CALM get the following messages and no resu
48. 10 of outflow drains directly to groundwater By pass yes Median media grain size 2 mm The TSS and particulate removal efficiency for a raingarden with these characteristics in the C CALM performance rules is 78 The removal efficiency for dissolved metals is high 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first treatment option to be added in this example the raingarden icon air uj 1 68 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option 6 New TreatmentOption Raingarden Treatment option ID ps SMU Area 390377 multiple sources Catchment type Catchment slope Specific area Depth m Deep percolation By pass Media Grain Size Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 g delete PSD Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu amp cancel amp ok 4 Fill in the raingarden parameters using the drop down menus according to the design specifications the specifications for this example are listed above New TreatmentOption Raingarden Treatment option ID NENNEN SMU Area 390377 multiple sources Catchment type Industrial r Catchment slope oon Specie reat Dent fio Deep percolation wm de By pass yes Medi
49. 16 Select the PSD and level of treatment from the relevant drop down menus In this example high removal of TSS and particulates and medium removal of dissolved metals mo Medium Conse 155 High Dtohed2n edn Oeohes Cu TESTEN 17 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU PEOLE 18 Run C CALM Untitled ArcMap File Edit View Bookmarks Inset Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Deli AB 9 be 114186 2 BSS SO e we LEAL ETHE AN B ORO 7 SISA FIO AZ i te gt u 7 O eINih BIBRIRg Gah hf Sam E Rf Table Of Contents ax aesa Ej Layers EM Boe amp fcDevice m lt all other values yoseas d Pond Wetland gt Raingarden E3 Filter E Catchpit 4 Street sweeping Porous paving e Infiltration strip Swale G Generic a fcLinks Ej v Outputs a TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 716138237 6229416 183 8023522 57760357 N88 10312983 6720545 amp O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateCo 1852 560640759909 fl 1665 42681511398 Wl 4236 94155227681 a O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 1629 071370394571 18 1272 09373349867 I 3741 17635312227 O Particulate Zinc Wl 5l other values outputTable ParticulateZn C 5435 80217880562 E 7550 83077131574 Il 24602 302999711 O Dissolved Zinc Wi lt all other values gt outputTable Diss
50. 176353122 24602 302999711 90546 78307872 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649029751 17819 68711229 12971 03985444 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 1963935015094 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 81 5 2 3 Treatment trains with multiple links generic treatment infiltration surfaces and raingardens and to wetland In this example Figure 5 7 runoff from the impervious surfaces found in SMU 11 low density residential medium PSD is pre treated variously by generic treatment raingardens and infiltrations surfaces before treatment in an end of line wetland All roof runoff is treated by raingardens Road runoff is pre treated by infiltration low for all contaminants and the half of the paved surfaces treated with the generic option 6096 removal of all contaminants Land cover SMU11 5096 paving 10096 roads 10096 roofs 10096 permeable 5096 paving Generic Infiltration l Raingardens treatment surface Pre treatment Wetland Untreated Treated The raingardens are assumed to have the following parameters Land use residential Slope to gutter 0 05 Specific area 2 or 20 m 1000 m Media depth 1 m Deep percolation 0 i e lined with no percolation to groundwater By pass yes Median media grain size 3 mm The removal efficiency of TSS particulates for a raingarden with these cha
51. 194 152489760 1745205 118 5925939 007 Meters www niwa co nz Authors Contributors Annette Semadeni Davies Sanjay Wadhwa For any information regarding this report please contact Annette Semadeni Davies PhD Docent Urban Aquatic Scientist Urban Aquatic Environments Group 64 9 375 4532 annette davies niwa co nz National Institute of Water amp Atmospheric Research Ltd 41 Market Place Auckland Central 1010 Private Bag 99940 Newmarket Auckland 1149 Phone 64 9 375 2050 Fax 64 9 375 2051 NIWA Report No AKL2014 026 Report date August 2014 NIWA Project AK14RCHR Front page image C CALM output for particulate copper simulated for hypothetical land uses and stormwater treatment options used in this manual All rights reserved This publication may not be reproduced or copied in any form without the permission of the copyright owner s Such permission is only to be given in accordance with the terms of the client s contract with NIWA This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system Whilst NIWA has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information contained in this document is accurate NIWA does not give any express or implied warranty as to the completeness of the information contained herein or that it will be suitable for any purpose s other than those specifically contemplated during the Project or agreed by NIWA and the C
52. 2826 50305337 E 8959203 37400988 5 E 10312983 6720545 ino TO l i Model Unt 4 TSS 1 10829268 7790248 8 12204948 7476181 Il 33440353 2512538 tj O Particulate Copper 33440353 25125 516 2597143611 620 8537128691 4807228715186 57003 523742964 8023522 577603 2074 582292269 843 5233371158 6416 295632907 17766 15844945 Wil lt all other values gt ft 3617450 521003 562 3385029516 451 5051687958 11357 80371301 180314 7005390 outputTable ParticulateCo y e 6138237 6229416 5291 138914630 2380 524908503 20965 04169699 95554 36643795 WB 92 2108542782308 5889074 921899 1799 307903392 1266 910923284 7740 265168814 40993 90792966 E 516 259714361145 T IB 562 338502051664 ES 7980568 631379 4030 416289243 805 2720721793 14951 30157847 14373 08709582 E 581 61105153913 10312983 67205 1051 099351534 422 5098778212 4724 988965087 20362 59650632 E 1051 09935153486 l 8959203 374009 581 61105153913 205 3315165698 2236 019671472 2684 944596746 1 1799 30790339258 j 8652826 503053 1928 895944787 2437 611950272 7253 240219050 28426 22425792 fi 1928 89594478793 BB 2074 58229226934 12204948 74761 8470 232067612 3654 283513374 29500 95577807 4095830486963 Il 4030 41628924305 Wl 5291 13891463016 malena
53. 3 Comparing results The examples above have shown the way in which C CALM can be used to simulate stormwater treatment options with a range of complexity from single treatment options to complex trains Table 5 1 compares the results obtained with the treatment options above with those given in Section 4 4 for the catchment without treatment Figure 5 15 uses this data to compare pre and post treatment total copper for each SMU The chart was prepared in Excel using data exported from the C CALM output tables The outputs can also be analysed and imported back into ArcMAP for display In Figure 5 16 the change in simulated TSS yields loads area kg ha year are compared for the catchment Yields are useful in identifying hot spots as the loads are normalised for SMU area It is interesting to note that the removal efficiencies for particulate metals is greater than for TSS even though sediment and particulates are removed in each of the treatment options with the same removal efficiency The reason for this apparent anomaly is that the sediments from impervious surfaces i e urban grassland which represents gardens and parks and have the greatest sediment yield of the urban surface covers are not treated in the treatment scenarios Reduction in total copper loads 16000 100 14000 n 90 80 12000 J 70 10000 1 Ss 8000 50 6000 96 peo ui uononpeu Total copper load g year 4000 R
54. 362 59650632 18 581 61105153913 8959203 374009 581 61105153913 205 3315165698 2236 019671472 2684 944596746 BR 05321200207157 8652826 503053 1928 895944787 2437 611950272 7253 240219050 183 1051 09935153486 EE 179930790339258 12204948 74761 8470 232067612 3654 283513374 29500 95577807 majenun 1745499 148 5926003 165 Meters The impact of the change in the raingarden settings and removal of porous paving on the total loads simulated for the SMU can be seen in Table 6 2 Table 6 2 Comparison of contaminant loads simulated for SMU 8 with changed raingarden settings and removal of porous paving Particulate 3 Dissolved Particulate Dissolved Treatment scenario S 11783 5 To remove all treatment options from the geo database follow the instruction in Section 4 5 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 123 TROUBLE SHOOTING What happens if delete a treatment train and not the links at ESRLArcGIS Display AlgorithmicColorRamptClass CreateRamp Boolean amp ok at ccalm 2 CcalmlUniqueValueRenderert lass uniqueSimpleRendererC olorRamp IGe oFeaturel ayer geoFeatureLayer String fieldName IRgbColor fromColor IRgbColor toColor in c ccalm ZXccalmObpCcalmlUniqueValueRenderert lass cs line 507 at ccalm 2 FeatureClassOperations QueryDefi in c ccalm 2calculationssFeatureClassOperations cs line 421 ESRLArcGIS Display These messages occurs if you remove linked tr
55. 391281 8476 0 095611145 0 0 095611145 0 4 5 506000 6 9 09050500 0 090505002 0090505002 0 090505002 a 209 Mj Load Landuse Aka 0 03 0 08 T 7 0 3005 0 03 0 04 0 03 8 72 72953 Open Excel template 0 03 0 08 0 06 9 4 2751 0 0 0875 0 0875 10 9 1547 ihe Lus gap fishing 0 0 0875 0 0875 11711 2888 0 04 0 03 12 5789 0 0 003 13 12 4618 0 0 05 14 3 469 0 0 05 15 44 79177 0 0 003 16 17 4 When the spreadsheet has been filled click OK on the Load Landuse box to automatically close the spreadsheet The save prompt will appear in Excel before the spreadsheet closes TET A Want to save your changes to coalm_units landuse xlsx The spreadsheet must be saved at this step to enter the data into the geo database otherwise the database will not be undated The spreadsheet data will be added to the C CALM geo database The data can be reviewed but not edited by displaying the Source tab in the Table of Contents TOC and opening the anduseabf attribute table 38 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table ae E BS Be ey landusedbf X T om0 Wegen Area Roots gav Roofs ga 1 Roofs ga2 Roofs ga 3 Roote zinc Roofs zit DIEI LIRE E7777 NN T RN T RN NN RR oR J ie jsemsisereeowr oos 0 oosen 0 9 cossen L 2s so00633581889 090505 oososos _o 0g0s0s oososos of 009050 Fok msmeeemer of 0 0 we v 00 8 f 9 8 2v 9 935 00
56. 462081 3679 161824758 75720716832244 I0 8994965 66093055 2 10829268 7902 92 21085427823 105 7991991545 1325 762270722 18319 83897044 I 10312983 6720545 3 33440353 25125 516 2597143611 620 8537128691 4807228715186 57003 523742964 W 20872027790248 4 8023522 577603 2074 582292269 843 5233371158 6416 295632907 17766 15844945 IH 12204948 7476181 Lae m konas ER ADI ZN A 5 3617450 521003 562 3385008516 451 5051687958 11357 80371301 180314 7005390 8E 22440353 2512538 G 6138237229416 5291 138914630 2380 524908503 20965 04169699 95554 36643795 WI 94052362 4803717 7 5889074 921899 1799307903392 1266 910923284 7740 265168814 40993 90792966 a O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateCo 8994965 660930 8063 227120757 2994 8909277654 29671 76984462 38242 72654514 2928055 735941 360 7617041202 220 1905511547 1280 8424850536 6906 5547349249 10312983 67205 1051 099351534 422 5098778212 4724988965087 20362 59650632 0020701 IAIN 556 7946177654 202 7715233922 2146 404771732 OF w co 1 92 2108542782308 II AIAS 1103 544190275786 6929791 304352 5567946177654 203 5233982 2146 404771733 2644384774285 3 360 761704120281 8652826 503053 1928895944787 2437 611950272 7253 240219050 28426 22425792
57. 4b HOO KM gt Run Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required New TreatmertOpon Pond Treatment option ID ss SMU Area 469444 train only Catchment type Industrial Impervious surface 0 6 Catchment slope 0 03 g Specific area o5 Hydraulic rating 80 excellent E Invert level m 1 0 Width m n Fl Extended detention no E Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 PSD Dissolved Zn Medium Fl Dissolved Cu Medium F cancel 44 ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete Once the treatment options are in place they can be linked for form trains Highlight the fcdevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools click the ink icon and link the options In this case sweeping is linked to catch pits while the generic treatment is linked to the pond Run C CALM C CALM 2 0 User Manual 95 File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help BES s AB xoci 118 gt Z mg e mg QANOT M ORO BS AAS O Blg i tdt S17 e Gle dX IB B Be e SUN ES ax ep eB P EB aoE5 Ej Layers EE fcDevices m lt all other values io Pond useas i 5ojejeo e Wetland
58. 5 v Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel i ok The generic treatment option requires users to select the removal efficiency for each contaminant here 75 TSS removal and 30 each of dissolved zinc and copper 5 PSD Medium Coarse Gi ain 7 40 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on the second treatment option to be added in this example the porous paving icon Treatment option ID Ea SMU Area 300540 multiple sources Proportion of treated y g TSS a Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel a ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 10 11 12 13 14 15 66 Click on the tab for the land cover type and select the land cover to be treated from the drop down menu Porous paving is only available for roads and paved surfaces Move the slider to the proportion of the land cover treated The slider will show the percentage of the land cover treated by the second option on the left in this example 25 and the total proportion treated by all the treatment options on the right in parenthesis in this case 25 by the generic treatment option and 25 by porous paving giving a total of 50 treatment If the level of treatment reaches 100 of a land cover this land cover will no longer be available in the drop down menu for subsequent treatment options Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated
59. 522 577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839595 1744476 961 5924362 583 Meters E 8 yoseas di 5ojeieo amp l TROUBLESHOOTING When click OK after inserting a treatment option get a message like this and my treatment option does not appear in the SMU Mew Ireatment ption Raingarden Unhandled exception has occured in a component in your application IF you click Continue the application wall ignore this error and attempt to continue Could nat load file ar assembly System Core Yersion 2 5 0 0 Culture neutral PublicKey T akenzb abcbb513348083 ar one of its dependencies The system cannot find the file specified Conine C CALM requires NET Framework 4 0 or later to be installed The error message above was generated for an earlier version of C CALM compiled under Net Framework 3 5 58 C CALM 2 0 User Manual TROUBLE SHOOTING What happens if forget to fill a box in the treatment option set up or if forget to set the proportion of land cover treated C CALM will not allow you to click OK to insert a treatment option if information is missing from the treatment set up No land cover selected for treatment Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 5 ne y g E Select at least 1 surface type Missing land cover proportion Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 7 ihc ay 5
60. 55 Vehicles day 1000 5000 B g 50 Select the PSD and level of treatment from the relevant drop down menus In this example medium removal of TSS and particulates and low removal of dissolved metals PSD Medium Coarse Gi TSS Medium Dissolved Zn Low Dissolved Cu Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on the third treatment option to be added in this example the infiltration strip swale icon amp u ee BFL BIO XM v Re Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option New TreatmentOption Infiltration strip Swale Treatment option ID M4 SMU Area 300540 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 m g delete amp PSD TSS v Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel amp ok Click on the tab for the land cover type and select the land cover to be treated from the drop down menu Click on the land cover proportion slide Note that for this example the slider has updated to include the proportion of the land cover already treated by catchpits and porous paving In this example the remaining 50 is treated by swales to give 100 C CALM 2 0 User Manual treatment of all road runoff The land cover will no longer be available for subsequent treatment options Proportion of treated 2 S 100 72
61. 71315 11742 01011206 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 6458 958102465 4726 996871201 291 6704677359 318 8458092855 1470 010148415 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 1553 173239497 3824 299965500 8560292747594 2473933548937 6785 601226844 5822 612081047 103 2331437295 8 492666473471 f alenu lt 1746454 997 5924561 513 Meters 5 New links can be added by clicking and dragging with the inks icon activated to draw an arrow between options following the instructions in Section 5 2 1 Here a new link has been added between porous paving and swales zi 5 w Ge El tb Ei O WX Run 6 Once the links are correct C CALM can be run as normal C CALM 2 0 User Manual 127 Untitled ArcMap fo e x File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help DEBANAR lh run Zi SSS SO gt mg QAM OS eB OO Sis Mh AUR tert gc v Rm ez 575 i in Table Of Contents ja 9 amp 5 uoieas ei 8018165 fel a fcLinks Outputs TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 712928055 73594114 3617450 52100354 5889074 92189938 716138237 6229416 CES nos Rue Quy O ine de AE IE 592971 30435223 1 9405296248007 6534200062057 51 61629
62. 75 removal of the remaining sediment reaching the pond The comparable calculations for C CALM assuming a fine PSD and a large pond with a high hydraulic rating are given in Table 2 It can be seen that the estimated removal efficiency is less 74 In contrast the same train treating road runoff with a medium PSD would give a total removal of 8896 while treatment of coarse sediments in the same pond would result in 98 TSS removal The removal efficiency would also decrease with pond size and hydraulic efficiency Table 2 7 Hypothetical example of sediment removal calculations for a treatment train treating road runoff The train consists of catchpits with inserts followed by a detention pond The initial sediment load is 1 kg with a fine PSD Initial sediment Catchpit Remaining Pond Remaining removal sediment mass removal sediment mass 76 Hegion Canterbury Catchment parameters residential land use gentle slope impervious surfaces 60 Pond parameters invert level 1 5 m specific area 2250m ha weir width 1m extended detention hydraulic rating 8 24 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 3 C CALM Installation and Interface 3 1 Model requirements C CALM is supplied as a dynamic link library dll for ArcMap 10 1 and includes a database containing yields and the performance rule query library Users must have administrative privileges to install C CALM C CALM requires NET Framework 4 0 or later to be installed thi
63. 75165 2247 387630000 I 852 560640759909 8652826 503053 1553 173239497 3824 299965500 8560 292747594 24739 93548937 E 1445 85645405252 res 12204948 74761 6785 601226844 5822 612081047 35322 77466095 33464 90281733 E 1553 17323949702 I 1665 42681511398 1746458 75 5925124 522 Meters File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Dee 9Bxieo d rer E ER E pA y BQN Oi A Ol O SA ORB tite gt 17 O RII YY IEA een m ERES AE Mes 0AM Table Of Contents ax i6 17 118 19 20 aega a Ej Layers d s 2 eS Z day Pond d pl ax Wetland ed ls Raingarden 1 e E Filter Ld li EG Catchpit E f Street sweeping gi O Porous paving H Infiltration strip Swale gj Generic i B M fcLinks al g ccalm_units amp ea E Ej v nz regions 1 L1 te rl e 10 g je 4 e Legend 4 m Pond G Wetland z gt Raingarden 1 E Filter a za Catchpit o f Street sweeping 1 5 Porous paving z infiltration strip Swale 2 Generic E mmi eu e w ED mer A i 7 np zm o j While C CALM will allow you to edit treatment options and run the model in Layout view you cannot add new treatments or links Returning to data view will restore full model function C CALM 2 0 User Manual 115 yeas Gil borej6 2 bel 5
64. 85 601226844 5822 612081047 35322 77466095 33464 90281733 Il 3232 83884753444 d Wl 4236 94155227681 Ml 6785 60122684464 a O Dissolved Copper majen 1744240 497 5927166 365 Meters La 100 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 2 7 Complex treatment train with mixed PSD catchpits with inserts proprietary filters wetland In this example Figure 5 11 stormwater in SMU 2 high density residential fine and medium PSD is treated with a combination of traditional and WSUD treatment options culminating in a constructed wetland Runoff from roads and paving medium PSD is pre treated with catchpits which drain to filters and then to the wetland Runoff from 25 of roofs fine PSD is a raingarden before draining to the wetland Land cover SMU2 100 roads 100 paving ege Raingardens Pre treatment Untreated Treated Permeable 10096 permeable 75 roofs 2596 roofs Catchment contaminant load Figure 5 11 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 12 The raingardens have the following design parameters Land use residential Slope to gutter 0 005 Specific area 1 or 10 m 1000 m Media depth 0 5 m Deep percolation 0 i e lined with no percolation to groundwater By pass yes Median media grain size 1 mm The removal efficiency of TSS particula
65. ALM 2 0 User Manual 141 Cover Porous Rain _ Swale Wet ma mel L1 LEE omes E ELE a a mw NN Roots ss v v Lb Lb o Medium Commercial ue mas vv v v fe fev coarse Paved i ee E Ros bh fe o bho ol o ig Residential gy Medium Roads 1n o n e n itin Coase Paved o e lp o m 1 I E E E E wa e e m E EIE EE mm ff e Ime OO New Industria case R8 o Ped o p p p lp o o o ros o pj gp p j o 13 New industrial 5 2 6 Mixed Roads v 1o Jo e e o o ped vot d lp o Se oe et T SET S Cover Porous Rain _ Swale Wet va un et Eo p o og po pasture None Coarse LL S C C E C C E rass bh booo boo e d d ld C CALM 2 0 User Manual 143 Table B 2 Land cover fractions used in the example given in this manual Impervious surfaces ELM steel 0 0030 0 0905 0 0956 0 0500 0 0030 unpainted s es 0646 0 0300 0 0300 0 0905 0 0300 0 0300 0 0040 poor painted Galvanised 0 0800 0 0800 0 0875 0 0905 0 0956 0 0500 0 0875 0 0400 0 0400 steel well painted L n peel L ls 0030 0 0600 0 0600 0 0875 0 0905 pf 0 0500 0 0875 0 0300 0 0300 0 0500 0 0500 0 0030 Zinc aluminium 0 0500 0 0500 0 0500 unpainted Se ee Greer E 0 0400 0 0400 0 0875 0 0905 0 0956 0 0500 0 0500 0 0875 0 0200 0 0200 0 0500 0 0500
66. ALM 2 0 User Manual 87 88 a multiple sources Proportion of treated 100 f PSD Medium Coarse Gi m cancel 14 ok a JN 7 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on second treatment option in this case the filter icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required train only Proportion of treated p Jme ee _ DssoneaZn tow Oss cu ETIN c A ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on third treatment option in this case the swales infiltration strip icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required C CALM 2 0 User Manual Treatment option ID fo o f SMU Area 306401 multiple sources Roads Proportion of treated wa Qa 750 Mum Coar 35 pion piede etum E Disove cu TET F O nct A ok Treatment option ID Eo o SMU Area 306401 multiple sources Proportion of treated Bi g c aluminium coated Y Others PSD Medium Coarse Gi TSS High Dissolved Zn Medium Dissolved Cu Medium cancel 4 ok Treatment option ID fos SMU Area 306401 multiple sources Proportion of treated 5 m g 50 ae PSD Medium Coarse Gi TSS High
67. CALM has TSS and particulate treatment ratings which vary with grain size for catchpits street sweeping and settling in ponds and wetlands C CALM is therefore able to simulate the treatment of runoff from different sources C CALM defines the PSD by apportioning TSS and associated particulates into nine size bands these are defined in Table 2 2 above Calculations are made for each size class separately and the results added to give an SMU wide value For a downstream option in a treatment train the amount of sediment in each size band is taken from the PSD of sources draining to that option and the output for each band from upstream options In this example Figure 5 9 stormwater in SMU 13 new industrial variable PSD is treated by two separate treatment trains Runoff from roads and paved surfaces medium coarse PSD is treated by street sweeping and catchpits no inserts Runoff from roofs fine PSD is treated by the generic treatment option option 60 removal of TSS 4596 and 50 96 removal for dissolved zinc and copper respectively and a wetland Land cover SMU13 100 roofs 100 roads 100 paving Generic oweepi ng 100 permeable treatment Catchment contaminant load Catchpits Wetland no inserts Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 9 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 13 The wetland has the following parameters Land use industrial imperviousness 60 represent
68. Help OBES AB x 9 d 114 186 KETEDI mz QANG N AMR k07 8m uHB5A Euer z2zZ C RIBIBd 9IBBIBB ARO ER ES Eam beg Table Of Contents ax ao outputTable ParticulateCo 9 103 233143729543 E 651 279664917944 3 873 48656129275 53 908 720113348468 93 980 456472308816 E 1672 97229981971 E 1743 08649202392 Il 5069 54383610781 Il 5693 7626796355 Ml 7256 21482758689 Wl 7280 25096062685 Il 8585 1789399685 E 8725 1856523771 Il 8725 87601342045 a O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 1849266647347114 3 53 5787323264404 3620 103994647357 53 645 116933991302 E 715 531065210696 E 1171 73017141813 E 1272 09373349867 Il 3550 64902672594 Il 3836 67490676556 Il 4925 2855250659 I 4987 96168195472 Wl 5827 34367267754 Wl 5922 8443263596 Il 6071 45787319178 Bg Particulate Zinc Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateZn E 589 259874331761 13717 5364387799 14378 37885914451 m 5386 38084516941 5603 64959126131 3 7784 0202618746 E 9960 76933283879 E 30183 7375189214 E 31402 5554624335 I 38096 2611492591 E EE E S yoseas eil fojejeo l T ga amp n unl m 6 The default symbology is to show the contaminant load for each catchment Categories all values using a standard ArcMap colour ramp brown for TSS yellow to red for copper and grey for zinc Users can change the symbology for any contaminant as requir
69. Landcare Research to allow model development and testing for sediment and associated metal particulate removal from ponds settling and raingardens filtering settling from wetlands has been assumed to be the same as for ponds Semadeni Davies 2008b Out of necessity the removal efficiencies of other treatment options were based on published values Similarly removal efficiencies for dissolved metals from ponds wetlands and raingardens cannot be simulated using a generic method due to the complexity of the processes involved and have also therefore been derived from the literature Semadeni Davies 2008a The literature based performance rules are given in Appendix B In addition to the performance rules C CALM also includes a generic treatment option which allows users to enter Known removal efficiencies for a specific treatment option e g derived from monitored data or removal targets for each contaminant in increments of 5 16 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table 2 2 C CALM particle size distributions as defined by the percentage of particles in nine common size classes Percentage of particle mass in size class Densities adapted from MUSIC Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology 2005 2 5 1 Performance rule development modelling The creation of the modelled performance rules for ponds wetlands and raingardens has entailed three tasks 1 Development and testing of continuous conceptual models of overlan
70. Layouts O and P include an island G has 3 baffles and Q has a berm Modified after Persson and Wittgren 2003 Persson 2000 and Persson et al 1999 156 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Appendix E C CALM documentation and applications The following is a bibliography which documents the development and usage of C CALM Model development reports Semadeni Davies A 2008a C CALM review of removal efficiencies for stormwater treatment options in New Zealand NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Semadeni Davies A 2008b C CALM treatment modules Models for Catchment Sediment Transport Ponds and Raingardens Niwa client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Semadeni Davies A and Harper S 2008 Progress on the Development of C CALM Performance Rules for Ponds Wetlands and Raingardens Addendum Sensitivity Analysis NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Harper S Semadeni Davies A and Elliott S 2008 Progress on the Development of C CALM Performance Rules for Ponds Wetlands and Raingardens NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Conference papers Wadwha S and Semadeni Davies A 2012 C CALM Catchment Contaminant Annual Loads Model ESRI International User Conference Understanding Our World San Diego CA USA July 23 27 2012 3rd Place Winner in Desktop Application category Moores J and Semadeni Davies A 2011 Integrating a stormwater contaminant load mode
71. M TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 7 3617450 52100354 5889074 92189938 E 6138237 6229416 E 7980568 63137923 183 8023522 57760357 E 8652826 50305337 E 8959203 37400988 Il 10312983 6720545 Ej O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values gt outputTable ParticulateCo E 454 535482443159 3 475 813067401225 E 852 560640759909 181 1445 85645405252 fl 1553 17323949702 E 1665 42681511398 Wi 3232 83884753444 Wl 4236 94155227681 E O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 2 325 79117034424 E 560 278446945407 male n 4 C CALM 2 0 User Manual e EG EE QQ SOS eo MO EZA ADIRE i Eitor gt r TSS Particulate Copper Dissolved Copper Particulate Zinc 8023522577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 3617450 521003 454 5354824431 560 2784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 17819 68711229 24602 302939711 9054678307872 475 8130674012 325 79117034424 5435 802178805 2614390775165 1553 173239497 3824 299965500 8560 292747594 1748102 735 5924362 583 Meters youeas Gi 6016165 amp 91 5 2 5 Treatment with two trains and mixed PSD Street sweeping catchpits generic treatment wetland The PSD of sediments is dependent on the sediment source C
72. M fcLinks E v Outputs E TSS Wil lt all other values outputTable TSS Ly 77 2928055 73594114 3617450 52100354 E 5889074 92189938 6138237629416 E 7980568 63137923 E 8023522 57760357 3 ll 8652826 50305337 ER Ts i Dissolved Particulate EE 8959203 37400988 pa i ppe Copp Lan ae 88 10312983 6720545 5 1082926877902 8791511844734 115 80701726684 1340970319968 18277 32255974 IIl 10829268 7790248 4 33440353 25125 4564444872458 8052376632712 5020 286627652 56385 11166433 Wl 222019387476181 V 8023522 577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839596 ee 3617450 521003 454 5354824431 5602784469454 11742 01011206 179927 03617389 a O Particulate Copper 1 t Be II all other values gt M gt 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 90546 78307872 outputTable ParticulateCo A E 5889074 921899 1445856454052 1993 115422248 8962 3382706778 3893278820275 7187 9151184473489 OB 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649029751 17819 68711229 12971 03985444 E71 201 670467735938 gt f 3 454 535482443159 ie eue SA issu ved nd E9456 444487245846 j i 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 19639 35015094 E 475 813067401225 y 8353203 374008 475 8130674012 325 73117034424 2614 3907
73. Model ln SetupCommand Create Wetlandlommand Output Menu OpenHm TreatOptCommand Create PorousPavingCommand CcalmGis Toolbar CreateLinksCommand 6 Click on the Toolbars tab C CALM should be listed once checked the C CALM toolbar will be displayed Rename Iv C CALM 2 1 Delete Im coco 3 6 Uninstalling and deregistering C CALM C CALM will need to be uninstalled and deregistered prior to installing an updated version of the model 1 Open ArcMap as an administrator and uncheck C CALM from the Customize Toolbars window Close ArcMap 2 Navigate to the ArcGIS program folder ArcG S Desktop10 1 bin and open the Categories exe executable file as an administrator C Program Files x86 ArcGIS Desktop10 1 bin C CALM 2 0 User Manual 29 re ea xm QU Computer LocalDisk C Program Files x86 ArcGIS Desktopl0l bin g Search bin p File Edit View Tools Help Organize Include in library v Share with Burn B o He gt ArcToolbox Name 3 30 P bin bin64 i3 Categories exe ccjw dll d ColorProfiles amp CGraph32 dll J com b DatabaseSupport Documentation amp CIM dll CIMLib dll ClassifyUI dll Jo Geocode Date modified 20 04 2012 5 02 p 20 04 2012 4 46 p 11 06 2008 12 00 18 09 2012 12 10 20 04 2012 4 46 p 20 04 2012 1 17 p Select a file to preview Remove all traces
74. NIWA for approval before changes are made to the database C CALM 2 0 User Manual 25 3 3 C CALM shape files C CALM uses New Zealand Transverse Mercator 2000 NZTM2000 projection C CALM is supplied with a national coastal shape file split into regions nz regions This shape file is used to determine the region for the query library and to aid display of results Users are required to supply a SMU or sub catchment polygon shape file which C CALM uses to define the boundaries of the sub catchments to be simulated The shape file must have a field which identifies each SMU numerically short integers Users are also able to include fields for their own information for displayed within ArcMap Land use data is entered into C CALM using an Excel spreadsheet Upon entering the required spatial data the following shape files are automatically created and displayed by C CALM Ccalm units Polygon shape file created from the user supplied SMU shape file Each SMU is expressed as a separate model unit with the same numerical identifier SMU ID as the user supplied shape file The length width and area of each model unit are calculated and listed in the attribute table The shape file also has the same attribute fields as the original SMU shape file Selecting the shape file in the TOC will activate the treatment options on the interface cDevices Polygon shape file displays the treatment options available This shape file
75. Others Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated Industrial paved 100 g 100 m amp PSD Medium Coarse Gi Q cancel 14 ok 4 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU 5 Click on second treatment option in this case the catchpit icon C CALM 2 0 User Manual 93 6 10 11 94 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required In this example the catchpit has no insert and receives runoff after sweeping only Treatment option 1D RM SMU Area 469444 train only ses Proportion of treated 7 Q cancel gy ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on third treatment option in this case the generic treatment icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required Note that the PSD in this example for sediments from roofs is fine New TreatmentOption Generic Treatment option ID IEEE SMU Area 469444 multiple sources Bes Proportion of treated 7 100 g 100 100 g 100 100 g 000 rg FE IE 100 g 100 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on fourth treatment option in this case the wetland icon C CALM 2 0 User Manual 12 13 14 15 Eo 6 B
76. ROPERTY You acknowledge that any and all copyright trade marks patents design registrations trade secrets know how and other intellectual property subsisting in or used in connection with C CALM including but not limited to all code images photographs animations video audio music text data incorporated in C CALM are and remain the sole property of NIWA or any other third party owner NIWA licences intellectual property from C CALM 2 0 User Manual 6 2 7 2 1 3 7 4 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 Any modifications or alterations of C CALM shall remain the property of NIWA in all respects whether modified or altered by you NIWA or a third party and whether or not such modifications or alterations are authorised by NIWA CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION You agree that all software information data drawing specifications documentation software listings source or object code which NIWA may have imparted or may from time to time impart to you or you gain access to relating to C CALM or associated procedures the Confidential Information is proprietary and confidential You agree that you shall use the Confidential Information solely in accordance with the provisions of this licence and shall not at any time during the licence or after its termination disclose the Confidential Information either directly or indirectly to any third party without NIWA s prior written consent You may only disclose such Confiden
77. STS B MIB RIES GSA ES Em Pam Fanaes ax P yoseas Gif bore el m all other values Pond Qe Wetland l Raingarden Ei Filter E Catchpit L Street sweeping Porous paving H Infiltration strip Swale G Generic Bg fcLinks E M Outputs E i TSS Wl lt all other values outputTable TSS 13617450 52100354 E 6138237 6229416 7980568 63137923 E 8023522 57760357 Il 8652826 50305337 E 8959203 37400988 W 10312983 6720545 Ej O Particulate Copper Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateCo 1454 535482443159 articulat E 475 813067401225 Modat 4 155 d Hae Pec E 852 560640759909 N i 8023522 577603 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 a ael os 3617450521003 454 5354824431 560 2784469454 11742 01011206 acer 3 6138237 6229416 4236 941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 Wl 4236 94155227681 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649029751 17819 6871 1229 a O Dissolved Copper 2 j 10312983 67205 8525606407599 Wl lt all other values outputTable DissolvedCo l 3824 299965500 8560 292747594 24739 93548937 1325 79117034424 E 560 278446945407 E 629 071370394571 i 1234 64902975158 pg a f nu 1746841 596 5924362 583 Meters 86 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 2 4 Train and separate treatment options catchpit inserts
78. The hydraulic rating is the conceptual number of tanks in the basin n the more tanks there are the less mixing and short circuiting occurs between sections of the basin In an exceptional pond the number of tanks n tends to infinity In a poorly designed pond n 1 there is only one tank with continuous mixing horizontally and vertically turbulence and short circuiting Generally n ranges from 1 to 8 in CSTR models of stormwater ponds The values of n provided for C CALM are 1 poor 3 5 good and 8 excellent Persson et al 1999 Persson 2000 and Persson and Wittgren 2003 investigated the hydraulic behaviour of a range of pond layouts to guide the choice of a value for n Hypothetical pond configurations were modelled 2 D MIKE 21 to find an approximate relationship between n and hydraulic efficiency A the ratio of the time to peak concentration at the outlet against the nominal flow detention time The simulated values for A and n are given in below and show how the relative locations of the inlet and outlet the width to length ratio and the presence of berms baffles and islands can change hydraulic efficiency Short circuiting for instance not only reduces detention time it results in pond dead areas which reduce the effective storage at the facility C CALM 2 0 User Manual 155 Configuration Number of tanks n A Bo Table D 1 Relationship between pond layout hydraulic efficiency and the number of CSTR tanks
79. The derivation of performance rules for filters is given below as an example of literature based rules The rules for filters and other treatment options are given in Appendix B The efficiency of a filter depends on both the retention time and the type of medium in the filter bed The retention time is determined by the inflow rate the dimensions of the filter bed and the porosity I e storage capacity and hydraulic conductivity of the medium There are two main treatment processes in filters mechanical removal of sediments related to the size of the sediments relative to the pore spaces of the filter media and chemical sorption of dissolved contaminants A third removal process is precipitation as dissolved contaminants react with the filter medium to produce particles which can be filtered by the medium Filter media are many and varied They can also be activated with a sorbent material added to provide chemical as well as physical removal The choice of medium should be made with reference to the target contaminant Sand which is cheap and readily available continues to be a common medium in New Zealand Other media that have been used or tested for stormwater and road runoff treatment are zeolite perlite activated charcoal carbon wood and bark fly ash peat compost moss iron slags and gravel Media can also be mixed or arranged in layers to treat different contaminants in stormwater for example CPZ activated carbon potassium permang
80. U Area 288887 TIBI Roads Proportion of treated LJ PSD cancel ia ok 148 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Catchpits Removal of TSS and particulate metals is determined by grain size Dissolved metals are not treated Catchpits are only available for roads and paved surfaces TSS and particulate metals 1 New TreatmentOption Catchpit Treatment option ID LEE SMU Area 461875 multiple sources Inserts Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated x p PSD cancel b ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 149 Porous paving Porous paving is only available for runoff from roads and paved surfaces Removal of TSS and metals are user defined TSS and particulate metals Removal Efficiency uM Velocity Grain size d i D ee oo ow o s 9 C mm s eo as o o s e 9 amp o s e 9 o o 9 o e s o s p m e s o s o w s e 9 s wa s e 9 Dissolved metals Removal Efficiency Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn High f New TreatmentOption Porous paving Treatment option ID ee SMU Area 288887 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 p PSD TSS gt Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel amp ok 150 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Raingardens Bio retention TSS and particulate metal removal are simulated
81. a Grain Size EE Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others 5 Select the tab for the first type of land cover to be treated with the option Click on the drop down menu to see the land covers available for the selected cover type and select the option s required for the simulation Use the slide counter to select the proportion of each cover type to be treated In this example half of road runoff is treated by raingardens Proportion of treated 7 5D 3 g 50 90 p 50 6 Continue through the cover type tabs until all of the land covers to be treated have been entered in this case half of the runoff from paved surfaces and 25 of runoff from roofs Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 72 g DS C CALM 2 0 User Manual 69 Roads Roofs Roots Proportion of treated 7 me os 5 E idi ae dis 7 Select the PSD and level of removal efficiency for the dissolved metals and particulates where required for this example medium coarse PSD and high removal of dissolved metals PSD Medium Coarse Gi Dissolved Zn High du 8 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU 9 Click on the second treatment option to be added in this example the generic treatment icon rd 10 TreatmentO Generic Treatment option ID PY SMU Area 300540 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roa
82. a Subrat hments C Smuld int Mum owners Click OK to return to the Model Setup window The ccalm units shape file has been created a Model Setup Model Units Layer ccalm units Click OK to open the load land use window Instructions for loading landuse follow in oection 4 2 1 Note that the ccalm units shape file is now mapped along with the nz regions shape file and C CALM has zoomed to the study area C CALM 2 0 User Manual Untitled ArcMap co es vs File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Hees a db 1 14 185 AE rira a Po Nr AQ ee B ORO SS ADD Mg Editor va AF ra Table Of Contents ax F z agag 5 2 bs 1 3 S layers sg Cc y nz regions Open Excel template lt k Ins TROUBLE SHOOTING The ccalm units shape file has aiia but cannot see the coast line pokman processing ginauen mny Seus E rey E asso rmy r aMn eeg ck UY Bsa moe CCALM 2 1 x ig f Ww C CALM 2 is BSTLHOGONN i f d 7 Psoe B4LBAOKX majen a Check the projection of your input shape file T C CALM i is trying to map the ccalm units shape file mms from the input shape file projected with NZ Map Grid 1949 projection as NZTM2000 Use the in built Geoprocessing Toolbox Data Management Projections and transformations Project tool to transform the input shape file into a new shape file
83. a map document first and then add in the saved model outputs for display after modelling is complete 1 Open ArcMap and make sure the C CALM toolbar is open The icons will initially be greyed out with the exception of the import data button o Model Setup Model Units Layer 4 Browse to select and add the user supplied catchment boundary shape file here Waiarohia subcatchments shp This file must contain an identification field which numbers the SMUs short integer Select the shape file and click OK to create a new shape file called ccalm units in the C CALM geo database The ccalm units shape file holds the same fields as the user supplied shape file Add Data To Map Look in EJ C C Calm_2 0 Files for manual 4 amp t La FE E ET Emi LN c Ed CWH SMU shp Waiarchia_Subcatchments shp Name Waiarohia_Subcatchments shp C CALM 2 0 User Manual 33 6 34 Adding the shape file will open the Map Fields window Select the field for the user supplied shape file which holds the numerical identifiers for the SMUs C CALM will list only those fields which are defined as short integers in the example below there are two short integer fields the identifier field is called SMU_ID The identifiers will be assigned to a new field called C_SmulD in the ccalm_units shape file which is used by C CALM Click OK to return to the Model Setup window Po eee Required Fields for Choose Field to map MWairarnhi
84. ads ots Paved Sufoces Omes Proportion of treated 20 9g 20 PSD Medium CoarseGi cancel gy ok The generic treatment option is set to train only and provides 7596 removal of TSS and 6596 removal of dissolved metals Treatment option ID eo f SMU Area 154762 train only Proportion of treated g PSD TSS Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu A Q cancel 4 ok Catchpits to Filters Catchpits no inserts treat a further 20 of roads and 20 of paving and drain to filters ym opin CENE SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Roofs Paved Sufaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 72 os ESM NUS 7 EE ins cancel ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 109 Treatment option ID eo f SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Gwes e E Roads Roofs Paved Sufaces Others Proportion of treated 20 9 40 0 Medium Coarse G F cance ok Filters are set to train only and provide high treatment of TSS and dissolved metals Treatment option ID MME SMU Area 154762 train only Proportion of treated 7 J PSD TSS Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu Q cancel A ok Pond A Pond A receives inflow from the generic treatment option and filters The pond is set to train only and provides low treatment of dissolved metals Treatment option ID is sd SMU Area 154762 train only Catchment type
85. ally before running C CALM Click OK and close the Model Setup box by clicking the red close box Then try uploading the shape file again If the error recurs Close ArcMap and open ArcCatalog Browse to the database in the C CALM folder dbccalm mdb Delete the ccalm units shape file WArcCatalog ArcView C testCcalm dbccalm mdb File Edit View Go Tools Window Help je Gs mex uimmaglgeR aqenirve amp eoese o s I Location C StestCcalmidbecalm mdb Stylesheet FGDC ESRI i X Contents Preview Metadata Catalog ArcToolbox m c Name Confirm Delet XI JEg ca 3D Analyst Tools deest os a E o4f3fd2c99c4aib1b62b87c24c Analysis Tool E apps 2m Sl ccalm units A t to delete the selected item s Qi Cartography Tools ES fcbev re you sure you want to delete the selected item s c m ag Conversion Tools zP in Config Msi Qi Data Interoperability Tools aii Y D b Data Management Tools ex Fetinks ees Ow C Documents and Settings d Geocoding Tools x fcLinksE C efb7685e71a0diffc5aa4abdb051c263 Qi Geostatistical Analyst Tools amp lnz regions Personal Geodatabase Feature Class fm io a mo un l PP ogoan A H BACA a al a Close ArcCatalog and re open ArcMap Follow the model setup instructions above 36 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 2 1 Entering land cover data in Exce
86. an spatial data to identify change and or areas of interest Zoom into the detail of an area of interest or out to the wider spatial pattern filter redundant information 12 C CALM 2 0 User Manual interact with or query the spatial data to change the information displayed and extract and report on spatial data and spatial relationships H ffmeyer et al 2009 successfully simulated zinc loads from urban diffuse sources along with agricultural sources and point sources such as combined sewer overflow albeit without water treatment using a very similar yields based approach Their model was run with an annual time step and coupled to a river flow model assuming steady state conditions for the Ruhr river basin This work demonstrates how powerful a simple contaminants load model can be for conveying information when coupled to a GIS platform for geo visualisation ESRI GIS software ArcMap 10 1 was chosen as the platform for C CALM rather than creating a standalone product as ArcMap is widely used by regional and local government in New Zealand ArcMap has powerful tools for spatial data storage management analysis and display The C CALM interface is supplied as an add in toolbar and includes tools for creating land use and treatment scenarios and toggling between output displays Users are able to employ standard GIS functions included in ArcMap to complement the C CALM options for analysis and display Other spatial data can
87. anate and zeolite is able to remove TSS and particulate contaminants as well as dissolved metals Most of the studies evaluated by Semadeni Davies 20082 assessed removal efficiency using laboratory column tests Table 2 5 is a summary of selected literature while Table 2 6 extends this information into performance rating categories for filters Note that the literature gives a variety of removal efficiencies which relate to different experimental design and filter configurations Providing high medium and low performance expectations means that C CALM can be used to simulate for example the difference between a sand filter low to medium removal and a proprietary filter with an activated media bed medium to high removal 22 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table 2 5 Selected summary of reported removal efficiencies removal for media filters From Semadeni Davies 2008a Contaminant Study and media tested Hatt et al 2007 Nanbakhsh Pandey et al Taylor and et al 2007 2005 Pandey 2005 Farm 2002 Sphagnum Sphagnum moss and moss and wood ash wood ash field cu w bii 2595 pf e Cu Zn me e me us ibd LL Zn Table 2 6 C CALM performance rules 96 removal for media filters From Semadeni Davies 20088 Performance rating TSS and particulate metals Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn CE Zeolite and wam 8 The removal efficiency is assigned to all sediment size classes A subseq
88. ate removal 50 dissolved zinc removal and 35 dissolved copper removal Street sweeping pre treats runoff from roads and half of paved surfaces before it reaches the generic treatment The remaining runoff from paved surfaces and a quarter of roof runoff is also drained to the swale but is not pre treated Land cover SMU12 Permeable 10096 permeable 7596 roofs 100 roads 5096 paving Pre treatment Untreated Treated 5096 paving 25 roofs Catchment contaminant load Generic treatment Figure 5 6 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 12 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first upstream treatment option in this case the street sweeping icon 78 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 3 Proportion of treated p gt cancel ok Select the land covers and their respective treatment proportions to be treated by the train Note that for street sweeping only roads and paved surfaces are available In this example all of the roads and half of the paved surfaces are swept Roads Proportion of treated 7 Vehicles day 1000 5000 E 0 1 zs Hi 100 2 Vehicles day 5000 20000 E ue T Cm 9 Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 22 mhi nis Choose the PSD of se
89. atic region affects removal efficiency removal The values in brackets are the number of choices for each parameter type Auckland 250 m ha 0 5 m deep 3 m weir width 2 pma No extended detention Hydraulic rating n 1 Industrial Steep slope 90 impervious Auckland 1 5 m deep 1 m weir width 2 250 mins Extended detention Hydraulic rating n 8 Commercial Gentle slope 75 impervious Christchurch C CALM 2 0 User Manual 19 Raingardens and bio retention units Raingardens and bio retention units are modelled by water balance double linear reservoir coupled to an empirical time based contaminant depletion equation It is assumed that inflow is from impervious surfaces only The removal equation was derived from the MUSIC model Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology 2005 and assumes that the removal rate is the same irrespective of grain size While fine sediments are likely to have a lower removal rate than coarse ones the C CALM raingarden model does not attempt to simulate this due to both the complexity of the processes involved and the lack of supporting data However users are asked for the PSD range to allow sediment routing to other treatment options The module has been tested on data from the Waitakere Vehicle Testing otation raingarden collected by NIWA for the Auckland Regional Council Skeen and Timperley 2008 Bio retention units are assumed to hav
90. be imported for display e g stream and road networks without affecting the model Furthermore C CALM result tables can be exported into other software packages for reporting or post analysis More information on the use of SDSSs including C CALM for stormwater management can be found in Semadeni Davies 201 1 User Decision User supplied data Decision alternatives Goals Outcome Sub catchments Treatment scenarios Evaluation criteria evaluation Landuse breakdown C CALM Interface Annual contaminant SDSS ArcMap with C CALM toolbar load maps and tables Geo spatial database Model libraries Display Report generator generator Figure 2 1 User interaction yellow with the C CALM SDSS blue via the user interface green to give outcome alternatives leading to a decision pink http Awww esri com software arcgis date of last access 29 May 2014 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 13 Modelled Removal Efficiencies Literature Removal Efficiencies Sediment and particulate metals Sediment particulate and dissolved metals Media filters Swales and infiltration surfaces Catchment Ponds and wetlands street sweeping Dissolved metals C CALM SDSS Model Libraries Ponds and wetlands Contaminant by Particle size distribution source and fractionation Model Parameters Figure 2 2 C CALM model libraries for performance rules and model parameters are linked to the SDSS to provide flexible simulation of water treatmen
91. ces Proportion of treated 7 Residential paved 0 g 50 delete add 6 354 B4 5 Click on the second upstream treatment option in this case the swales infiltration strip icon 6 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required in this case all roads to have low level of treatment for all contaminants C CALM 2 0 User Manual 83 Treatment option ID Bo f SMU Area 288887 multiple sources Proportion of treated 100 p 100 DisohedZn low F Disehed cu O cance dk 7 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU ZO 5o a d Al A 8 Click on the third upstream treatment option in this case the raingarden icon 9 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required Treatment pilin ID NNNM SMU Area 288887 multiple sources Catchment y ma e Catchment slope Specific area 2 Depth m Proportion of treated 7 g 100 g 00 g 100 g 1002 g 100 PSD Medium Grain N Dissolved Zn High Dissolved Cu IB Q cancel A ok 10 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU 84 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 11 Click on the downstream treatment option in this case the wetland icon C CALM22 OO ze TE TX wo d tb EL O NX X Run Click within t
92. come a black arrow the direction of which shows the direction of the link Be careful not to link an upstream treatment option with more than one downstream option otherwise C CALM will will double count the contaminants 15 Run C CALM Untitled ArcMap File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help DBE Ss AB x o4 14106 Zi E GISECPE QAQM OAH eo HO RO ESAs it hz rZ db y SIE B JS RD Fe oA RAP Table Of Contents ax 8 6 amp s Ej Layers Porous paving E Infiltration strip Swale Generic en a M fcLinks E M Outputs a TSS Wl all other values outputTable TSS 13617450 52100354 316138237 6229416 E 7980568 63137923 Il 8023522 57760357 IN 10312983 6720545 E E Particulate Copper Wl all other values outputTable ParticulateCo E 454 535482443159 31 852 560640759909 E 1665 42681511398 Wl 3232 83884753444 Wl 4236 94155227681 Ee a O Dissolved Copper A N de Model Unit a TSS gt yeas i Dojejeo amp Dissolved Particulate Dissolved Copper Zinc Zinc Wl lt all other values outputTable DissolvedCo 1560 278446945407 E 629 071370394571 8023522 577603 61745 1665 426815113 1272 093733498 7550 830771315 16592 75839595 61382376229416 4236941552276 3741 176353122 24602 302999711 90546 78307872 E 1234 64902975158 Wil 1272 09373349867 Wi 3741 17635312227 E O Particulate Zinc Wl lt all
93. d flow and contaminant transport for a range of catchment types 2 Development and testing of continuous treatment models for ponds wetlands and raingardens 3 Multiple model runs over a 10 year simulation period with regional input data i e rainfall and evapotranspiration and unique parameter sets to simulate the range of device design in order to determine the effect of different stormwater control options on long term removal efficiencies Given that the purpose of the models was to provide a means of creating a treatment library the routines were simplified with few calibration parameters All of the models have a 5 minute time step Full details on model development and testing can be found in Semadeni Davies 2008b and Harper et al 2008 Sensitivity analyses which evaluate the relative impacts of input data and parameter choice on the performance rules can be found in oemadeni Davies and Harper 2008 Catchment modelling The catchment model couples a hydrological rainfall runoff model double linear reservoir for soil infiltration storage and percolation and kinematic wave for overland flow over impervious surfaces to sediment accumulation and wash off equations for impervious surfaces Butler and Davis 2010 The purpose of the model was to provide inflows of water and sediment to the treatment models outlined below The catchment model has been tested on stormwater flows and sediment sampling from three urban catchmen
94. d urban development affect these rates and How can different stormwater management options reduce the impact of urbanisation The need for a tool which could be used to answer these questions was established in 2005 by Landcare Research Ltd as part of the Low Impact Urban Design and Development LIUDD research programme funded by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology FRST NIWA first developed the Catchment Contaminant Annual Loads Model C CALM under sub contract to Landcare Research as part of this programme Life cycle costing of treatment options was also evaluated as part of the LIUDD programme resulting in the development of the CostNZ model Ira 2007 The term LIUDD was coined by Landcare Research and is broadly equivalent to the more internationally well known term Water Sensitive Urban Design or WSUD see Fletcher et al 2014 FRST has since been replaced by the Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment C CALM 2 0 User Manual 7 The first step in the development of C CALM was to determine user requirements A workshop for stormwater managers held by NIWA in June 2006 set the scope for a nationally available modelling tool for planning applications that could be provided to developers and local government At this meeting there was a consensus that urban drainage models such as InfoWorks Mike Urban and SWMM which include water quality and treatment routines are generally too demanding of data requir
95. diments being treated Note street sweeping assumes that dissolved metals are not treated Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU C CALM 2 0 User Manual 79 7 Click on the second downstream treatment option in this case the generic treatment icon ALM 2 1 a TA fel Cl soda o OO B g hes A oe Runa 8 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option New TreatmentOption Generic Treatment option ID Ps SMU Area 461875 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Proportion of treated p Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu cancel gy ok 9 Select the land covers and their respective treatment proportions to be treated by the second option but not the first The pre treated runoff in this case road runoff and 50 of runoff from paved surfaces will be added to the downstream treatment once a link is made between the two options Roofs Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 55 T g ao Roads Paved Surfaces Roots Proportion of treated 7 at L9 o d iih d ii ae 9 ps 10 Select the PSD and level of treatment required in this example 80 TSS and particulate removal 5096 dissolved zinc removal and 3596 dissolved copper removal PSD Medium Coarse Gi TSS Dissolved Zn 50 Dissolved Cu A 11 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU M
96. ds Proportion of treated 7 Vehicles day 1000 5000 3 25 Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu Q cancel gy ok 11 Select the tab for the first type of land cover to be treated with the option In this example the generic treatment treats only road runoff 50 Note that the slider has been updated for the proportion of road runoff treated in the raingardens 70 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 15 16 17 Roads Proportion of treated 75 Vehicles day 1000 5000 50 g 100 Vehicles day 5000 20000 03x g 100 3 Continue through the cover type tabs until all of the land covers to be treated have been entered In this example there are no other land cover types treated Select the PSD and level of removal efficiency for the generic treatment as required in this example 90 TSS and particulate removal 60 of dissolved zinc and 40 of dissolved copper TSS Dissolved Zn 60 Dissolved Cu PSD Medium Coarse Gi Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU c E f db Bo 1 Click on the third treatment option to be added in this example the porous paving icon BOSCO B4b ECO Kn Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option New TreatmentOption Porous paving Treatment option ID B SMU Area 390377 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Prop
97. e wet detention ponds wetlands filters aingardens i e bio retention Swales and infiltration surfaces i e vegetated bio filters Catchpits with and without inserts street sweeping and porous paving generic treatment user specified removal efficiencies These options were chosen on the basis of a telephone survey Semadeni Davies 2008a and represent the most commonly available treatment options used in New Zealand 2 1 Load calculation C CALM relates annual contaminant loads to catchment land use represented by land surface covers according to the relationships found by Timperley et al 2005 These relationships also form the basis of the spreadsheet model Contaminants Loads Model CLM Auckland Regional Council 2010 Timperley 2007 2010 developed by Auckland Council which has become a standard planning tool in the Auckland region The results of both models can be used to indicate the long term chronic impacts of urbanization on 3 formerly Auckland Regional Council C CALM 2 0 User Manual receiving waters These impacts reflect the average conditions under the assumption that most pollutant loads are transported by frequent low intensity events CLM and C CALM relate the annual contaminant load from a particular source to both the surface coverage of that source and the removal efficiency of treatment options to which it is linked The load calculation is Annual source load area su
98. e library for settling ponds and wetlands in C CALM Catchment Parameters Auckland Northland Waikato Bay of Plenty East Cape Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manuwatu Wellington Tasman Marlborough Canterbury Otago Southland West Coast Residential 20 40 and 60 Commercial 60 75 and 90 Industrial 60 75 and 90 Average gutter slope 0 005 0 01 0 03 and 0 05 Pond and Wetland Parameters Land use i e build up and wash off rates and impervious percentage of surface area Specific area 50 100 150 200 and gt 250 m ha ratio of wet surface area relative to the area expressed as fractions 0 5 1 1 5 2 and 2 5 contributing impervious surfaces Invert level 0 5 1 0 and 1 5 m Width or width equivalent of outlet weir 1 2and3m Yes or no if yes slot weir width is set to 10 of the Extended detention outlet weir width depth 30cm Hydraulic rating see Appendix D for guide 1 poor 3 5 good and 8 excellent PSD Fine medium fine medium NURP medium coarse and coarse Regional climate Catchment 36 Specific area 5 d Pond design PERFORMANCE 8 z 54 AU 388 800 1 5 m deep PONO 1 m weir width Extended detention Hydraulic rating nz8 Residential Gentle slope 2096 impervious Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Figure 2 3 Examples of performance rules for pond wetlands showing how parameter choice e g clim
99. e the same removal efficiency as raingardens with the difference in removal due to scale The parameter set which defines the performance rules in the query library for raingardens is given in Table 2 4 The number of model runs for the raingarden model is 69120 8640 runs per region and within each region 2880 runs per land use category The removal efficiencies range from 25 95 with the least performing raingardens being those that are relatively small with by pass For raingardens with no by pass drainage the lowest removal efficiency simulated is 60 The upper simulated efficiency values are consistent with the findings from the United States Davis et al 1998 Davis et al 2003 Trowsdale and oimcock 2011 found that a raingarden in Auckland was able to reduce sediment and zinc concentrations by considerable amounts orders of magnitude for zinc however the raingarden acted as both a source possibly due to the presence of fungicides of copper The International BMP database reports a high range of efficiencies for bioretention BMP database 2012 Examples of performance rules for the removal of TSS and particulate metals in raingardens are given in Figure 2 4 20 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table 2 4 Parameter set for generating the performance rule library for raingardens in C CALM Catchment Parameters Auckland Northland Waikato Bay of Plenty East Cape Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manuwatu Wellington Tasman Marlbo
100. eatments but forget to remove the links and then try running C CALM C CALM will run but not results will be returned See Section Error Reference source not found below 124 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 6 1 3 Adding and removing links In this example Figure 6 3 the links between treatment options in the three to one train given in Section 5 2 3 SMU 11 is adjusted to create a new train The link between the generic treatment option and the wetland is removed and a new link between Generic treatment and swales created The new treatment train configuration is as follows Land cover SMU11 50 paving 100 roads 100 roofs 100 permeable 50 paving Generic Swales Raingardens treatment Pre treatment Wetland Untreated Figure 6 3 Edited stormwater treatment options for SMU 11 link between generic treatment Catchment contaminant load Treated and wetland replaced by a link between generic treatment and swales 1 Highlight the fcadevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools and click on the inks icon 2 J Hold down the Ctrl key and right click on the link to be removed This will select the link and bring up a box asking for confirmation that the link should be removed C CALM 2 0 User Manual 125 Would you like to remove the links 3 Clicking Yes will remove the link 8 E WPS Tes Run 4 Provided that the downstream link was
101. ed The example below uses the ArcMap Jenks distribution to map particulate copper with five classes and a green to red colour ramp File Edit View prm Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Deli 98x 90c 10 2 BGS SO pe Ee QQ HO eo TRO BIGINE SiG DB ter hz r4 xi Sih IBBRIE Qa my Ra Pe Same lelz S B Table Of Contents Go Forward To Extent j8 GE E Go forward to the next extent of E amp Layers the map layout Ej v fcDevices Shortcut Press gt while in layout m all other values view uoJeas eil Bojejeo l Pond Wetland A Raingarden E3 Filter Catchpit 16 Street sweeping Porous paving B Infiltration strip Swale Generic a M fcLinks m a v Outputs o d TSS Wl all other values outputTable TSS La E 4617663 89587727 1 8209428 75990831 E 8469362 38230841 8789203 72297857 9140861 428161 E 10196173 0007325 E 10607452 8167136 fil 11782746 8036207 E 13561965 095186 E 13940737 9903974 E 14169203 9374353 E 14908067 2667134 Ili 41096303 0058649 Il 94052362 4803717 BME outputTable DissolvedCo ms 54 55 1272 11273 3837 Ej 3838 4988 I 4989 6071 E O Dissolved Copper Wl all other values outputTable DissolvedCo Y genu 50 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 5 Saving settings and results The model results and stormwater treatment options can be saved by 1 Copying the results from the Output Table
102. ed to enter the following parameters for the performance rule query library Catchment Parameters Residential 20 40 and 60 Commercial 60 75 and 90 Industrial 60 75 and 90 Average gutter slope 0 005 0 01 0 03 and 0 05 Pond Parameters Predominant land use and impervious percentage of surface area Specific area ratio of wet surface area relative to the area contributing impervious surfaces Invert level 0 5 1 0 and gt 1 5 m Width or width equivalent of outlet weir 1 2and3m Yes or no if yes slot weir width is set to 10 of the outlet weir width depth 30cm 50 100 150 200 and gt 250 m ha expressed as fractions 0 5 1 1 5 2 and 2 5 Extended detention Hydraulic rating see Appendix Two for guide 1 poor 3 5 good and 8 excellent Fine medium fine medium NURP medium coarse and coarse Particle size distribution Dissolved metal removal is user defined Removal Efficiency Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn Lo High E New TreatmentOption Pond Treatment option ID mS SMU Area 461875 multiple sources Catchment type Impervious surface Catchment slope Specific area X Hydraulic rating v Invert level m Width m v Extended detention Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated X J PSD v Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel amp ok 152 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Wetlands 9 TSS and partic
103. ement practices European Journal of Operational Research 181 338 349 Ministry for the Environment 2011 National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 201 1 Issued by notice in the Gazette on 12 May 2011 New Zealand Government http www mfe govt nz rma central nps freshwater management html Ministry for the Environment 2013a Freshwater reform 2013 and beyond New Zealand Government http www mfe govt nz publications water freshwater reform 20 13 Ministry for the Environment 2013b Proposed amendments to the National Policy otatement for Freshwater Management 2011 A discussion document New Zealand Government Wellington Ministry for the Environment 2014 National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2014 ssued by notice in gazette on 4 July 2014 New Zealand Government http www mfe govt nz rma central nps freshwater management html Moores J Gadd J Pattinson P Hyde C and Miselis P 2012 Field evaluation of media filtration stormwater treatment devices NZ Transport Agency research report 493 255 Nanbakhsh H Kazemi Yazdi S and Scholz M 2007 Design comparison of experimental storm water detention systems treating concentrated road runoff The Science of the Total Environment 380 1 3 220 Norkko A 1999 Sediment impacts on estuarine ecosystems an approach to risk assessments Okura estuary NIWA report prepared for NZ WWA Pandey S Taylor M and Lee R 2005 Reduction
104. ements set up and run times and user expertise for broad planning purposes While the Australian MUSIC model Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology 2005 was considered an option for planning at the workshop MUSIC does not simulate metals which are key urban contaminants affecting New Zealand s freshwater and coastal receiving environments It was specified that the model should be simple and intuitive to use with minimal data and handling requirements so that a range of alternatives for land use zoning and intensity with different stormwater management strategies could be assessed Moreover the model should be built within a GIS framework as a spatial decision support system SDSS It was noted that most councils have GIS databases for storing spatial data including impervious surfaces catchments stormwater management units land use zones building footprints storm and wastewater pipe networks location and type of stormwater treatment options roads and streams An SDSS incorporating this information would enable areas contributing high contaminant loads to be easily identified Moreover geo visualisation would also enable local water managers to better communicate the impacts of urbanisation and water treatment to other stakeholders Since C CALM s initial development the importance of tools which allow geo visualisation to facilitate communication between decision makers and other stakeholders has been discussed in the conte
105. ens i e bio retention Swales and infiltration surfaces i e vegetated bio filters Catch pits with and without inserts Street sweeping porous paving and generic treatment user specified removal efficiencies The performance rules vary according to the type design of the treatment option and catchment characteristics including regional location The contaminant load calculations are based on the Auckland Council spreadsheet Catchment Loads Model CLM Auckland Regional Council 2010 Timperley et al 2010 The points of difference between CLM and C CALM are that C CALM 1 operates within a GIS platform 2 allows runoff from a specific source to be split between different treatment options 3 has a query library to allow variable treatment efficiencies for the treatment options listed above 4 allows complex treatment scenarios to be set up which have no restrictions on train configuration or the number of treatment options and 5 partitions metals into particulate and dissolved forms rather than total metals C CALM is supplied as a tool bar for ArcMap which is split into sections for the following sub catchment selection data importation insertion of treatment options editing treatment options model run and display Users are asked to supply the spatial data needed to run the model the minimum data required are sub catchment boundaries and a breakdown of land covers found in each sub catchment entered
106. er than the actual area is given on the understanding that device size changes with the size of the contributing area That is device performance is linked to its size relative size to the area which drains to it The specific area of the device is defined as the area of the device e g permanent pond surface area as a fraction of the SMU impervious area Note that unless removed by the user see Section 4 5 the treatment options held in the fcdevices shape file will be saved in the C CALM database for the next C CALM session this means that C CALM can be run with the same settings for successive sessions The following examples detail the steps needed to undertake the treatment scenarios outlined in Appendix B The SMUs have been labelled in the maps using standard ArcMap display options see the Labels tab in the Layer Properties box for easy identification The treatment scenarios have been developed to showcase C CALM s ability to simulate different water treatment options in a range of configurations and do not represent real treatment options It is possible to link all treatment options in all configurations for this reason NIWA relies on the best judgement of users to make suitable representations of water treatment 54 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 1 Separate Treatment Options In the following examples the treatment options are not linked in trains so that the calculations for each option are independent 5 1 1 Single treatmen
107. he SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required In this example the wetland receives inflow via the other treatment options and is set to train only x A us New TreatmentOption Wetland Treatment option ID wo SMU Area 288887 train only Catchment type Residential Impervious surface 0 4 Catchment slope 00 lt F Specific area E Hydraulic rating 8 0 excellent Invert level m Width m 2 Extended detention yes Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated PSD Medium Grain N Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu Sms cancel 4 ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU a Fee S4hb6 Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete Once the treatment options are in place they can be linked for form trains Highlight the fcdevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools click the link icon and link the options by clicking a dragging from the centre of the upstream option to the the downstream option Double click to create the link In this case the generic treatment infiltration surfaces and raingarden are all linked to the wetland C CALM 2 0 User Manual 85 16 Run C CALM File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help DEEA 13 BBX 9 d 114186 Keagan e E iqamqginiues E5hkhe suiB5s Eg i Edito gt Z7 7 LI
108. ight click on the table to open the copy options box and select copy to clipboard u l Outputs Model Unit TSS ien ate 9405236248037 651 2796649179 Pe ee i B T opto dipho L 5069 543836107 4 eC MEC EE ETIT UT ELLA E 8469362387308 8725 1856523771 6 8789203 722978 7280250960626 4 The selected results can be pasted directly into other software packages for further display or analysis see Table 4 1 Table 4 1 Model results with no stormwater treatment Model results g year t LEES SEE EE 1 9405362 6501 8n8 7534 cos e wm se me 3 m Swo Se 3 sa L 3 mee rae aos wwe 78 Ce arrose w e 4s 9 wo os e s S94 ems ww we s S9 M 5 he output table can be closed minimised or expanded by clicking the appropriate icon on the top right corner ESSE If the table is accidently closed the results are saved in the database and can be added as a standard attribute table to ArcMap The Source tab must be selected on the TOC show the table location and to open it 48 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 4 2 Maps Mapped simulation results g yr for each contaminant are held in the Outputs group layer this holds multiple copies of the model output layer one for each contaminant and each with its own symbology The layers can be displayed like any other layer or shape file in ArcMap by checking or un checking their respective
109. ile in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the treatment option icon here ponds 60 C CALM 2 0 User Manual ow ole B8 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option F New TreatmentOption Pond Treatment option ID ae SMU Area 391281 multiple sources Catchment type Impervious surface Catchment slope v Specific area Hydraulic rating v Invert level m Width m v Extended detention M Roads Proportion of treated 7 o PSD v Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu amp cancel amp ok 4 Fill in the pond parameters which best approximate the pond design specifications for the SMU Treatment option 1D JME SMU Area 391281 multiple sources Catchment type Industrial Impervious surface 0 9 Catchment slope 0 03 Specific area 1 5 T Hydraulic rating 3 5 good gt Invert level m Width m 3 Extended detention yes X Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others 5 Select the tab for the first category of land cover to be treated with the option here roads Click on the drop down menu to see the land covers available for the selected cover type as defined for the SMU in the Excel table ccalm units landuse xlsx Select the first land cover type here 1000 5000 v p d Use the slide counter to select the proportion of the cover type to be treated In this example runoff fro
110. ing 66 for SMU Slope to gutter 0 01 Specific area 0 5 or 50 m ha i e a pond area of around 1550 m serving 31 1 ha of impervious surfaces Hydraulic Efficiency 8 excellent Depth invert level 1 m Weir width 1 m Extended detention no This combination gives the following treatment efficiency for TSS and particulates 96 in the C CALM database 92 C CALM 2 0 User Manual ae ee parar peras pareo 4 5 11 37 84 96 97 97 97 The wetland is assumed to have medium removal of dissolved metals 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm_units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first upstream treatment option in this case the street sweeping icon Bee BALEA RK mw 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required Note that the PSD in this example for sediments from roads and paved surfaces is medium coarse New TreatmentOption Street sweeping Treatment option ID S20 SMU Area 469444 Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 Vehicles day 1000 5000 z 10 g 100 delete r Vehicles day 5000 20000 10 g 100 delete New TreatmentOption Street sweeping Treatment option ID S20 SMU Area 469444 Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces
111. is displayed only after a treatment option is selected on the interface The shape file must be selected in the TOC to link treatment options and run the model fcLinks Line shape file displays user defined links between treatment options I e treatment trains This shape file is displayed only after the links icon has been clicked Note that even if no links are created by the user C CALM requires the link icon to be clicked before running The model results are held in a group layer Outputs which displays model results for the simulated catchments by contaminant after running C CALM Users can select which set of results to display and can alter the symbology according to their own requirements The data displayed in the Outputs group layer is stored in the database and is updated after each model run 26 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 3 5 Installing C CALM C CALM requires administrative privileges to install 1 Ensure ArcMap is closed 2 Copy the folder C CALM 2 0 directly into your C drive Check you have the following the C CALM dll folder the land cover entry template spreadsheet landuse xlsx the geospatial database dbccalm mdb 3 Open ArcMap as an administrator right click on ArcMap under the Start Menu and login with a blank map Once C CALM is installed ArcMap can be run normally 2 5 Represe ay Run as administrator 4 3C CALM Ins Troubleshoot compatibility Open file location
112. is a good idea to first simulate contaminant loads without treatment in order to provide a base level to assess the impacts of treatment on contaminant loads Even if not simulating stormwater treatment the following steps must be carried out 1 Ensure that the ccalm units shape file is highlighted in the TOC This will display the treatment options available in C CALM Table Of Contents EN 5 Layers E E a o d BOO MR y El nz regions Run 2 Click on the select SMU icon B and click on the SMU s to be simulated To make a multiple selection hold down the Shift key during selection or click and drag over the area to be simulated In this example all the SMUs are to be simulated to provide a control contaminant load simulation for assessment of the treatment options To remove a selection click the clear selection icon IX on the toolbar Untitled ArcMap eie mm File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Deae ee 114186 i EG o r n RANOR eo E OO ESA DAD y e i L2 i i Table Of Contents ax ga os Layers BM Beles Number of features selected 14 1747547 233 5924767 95 Meters _ B Note Selected SMUS will be highlighted in blue as shown above Selections can also be made with the fcDevices shape file active The standard ArcMap selection tools can also be used C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4
113. is case the street sweeping icon Es ce Ef BOO IK 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required C CALM 2 0 User Manual 97 98 New T T CO Treatment option ID SMU Area 895029 Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated Vehicles day 1000 5000 x 10 g 100 cancel 14 ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on second treatment option in this case the porous paving icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required Treatment option ID SMU Area 895029 multiple sources Proportion of treated 100 g 100 Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Click on third treatment option in this case the swales infiltration strip icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required IN this scenario the swales receive inflow from the porous paving so the option is switched from multiple sources to train only C CALM 2 0 User Manual 10 11 12 13 14 SMU Area 895029 train only Proportion of treated Tss Dissolved Zn Low Dissolved Cu Q cancel ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option
114. k ccalm units landuse xlsx spreadsheet Overwrite existing There is already a landuse table for the current model units Do you want to overwrite it M 3 The cccalm units landuse xlsx spreadsheet has land cover types as listed in Table 2 1 as columns and SMUs as rows Each catchment in the c calm units shape file has its own row with the catchment ID and total area m in the spreadsheet Fill in the C CALM 2 0 User Manual 37 fractional area expressed as a number from O to 1 inclusive of each land cover type for each SMU Land use data can be copied in from other spreadsheets Take care The ModelUnitID i e the numerical identifier entered in the previous section may not be in numerical order If a land cover is not present in an SMU enter a zero value Do not leave cells blank The total proportional cover for each row must be equal to or less than one to calculate the correct loads i gt ccalm units landuse xlsx Excel FILE HOME INSERT PAGE LAYOUT FORMULAS DATA REVIEW VIEW e db Cut Arial 110 A A gt Ee Wrap Tet General i LOU Normal_Sheet1 Paste eaters SZ H 0 0 00 Conditional Ebrens as Good gt Format Painter BIU 294A LM Merge amp Center 96 TELS Formatting Table Clipboard F Font F Alignment F Number Fa Sty D13 x 0 A B C D E z 1 ModelUnitiD Roofs galvanised steel well pai i F 2 3064018027 0 05 0 0 05 0 3 6
115. khaut W Kronawitter L and Weber B 2011 Water Sensitive Urban Design Principles and Inspiration for Sustainable Stormwater Management in the City of the Future JOVIS Verlag GmbH Berlin Germany 132 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Huffmeyer N Klasmeier J and Matthies M 2009 Geo referenced modelling of zinc concentrations in the Ruhr river basin Germany using the model GREAT ER Science of the Total Environment 407 7 2296 2305 Ira S J T Vesely E T and Krausse M 2007 Life Cycle Costing of Stormwater Treatment Devices A Unit Costing Approach for New Zealand NZWWA Journal Issue 152 2007 Kelly S 2010 Effects of stormwater on aquatic ecology in the Auckland region Prepared by Coast and Catchment Auckland Regional Council Document Type 2010 021 Land and Water Forum 2012 Third Report of the Land and Water Forum Managing Water Quality and Allocating Water http www landandwater org nz Site Resources aspx MacEachren A M and Kraak M J 2001 Research Challenges in Geovisualization Cartography and Geographic Information Science 28 3 12 Makropoulos C K Natsis K Liu S Mittas K and Butler D 2008 Decision support for sustainable option selection in integrated urban water management Environmental Modelling and Software 23 1448 1460 Martin C Ruperd Y and Legret M 2007 Urban stormwater drainage management The development of a multicriteria decision aid approach for best manag
116. l current default C CALM is supplied with an empty template land use Excel Spreadsheet landuse xlsx which is used by the model to input land cover data for each catchment The first time C CALM is run with a set of catchments a new spreadsheet ccalm units landuse xlsx is automatically created from the template The ccalm units landuse xlsx spreadsheet has columns for the numerical identifier ModelUnitID and area m for your SMUs which are automatically filled in by C CALM The land use scenario is created by users defining the proportion of the SMU into ccalm units landuse xlsx do not add any data directly into the template spreadsheet Saving ccalm units landuse xlsx enters the land covers for each SMU into the geodatabase Having land use data stored in a spreadsheet makes it easy to create new land use scenarios by simply editing the proportions for each land cover Creating a new spreadsheet 1 Click the create new button in the Load Landuse window This will automatically open a spreadsheet ccalm units landuse xlsx created from the Excel spreadsheet template found in the C CALM folder landuse xlsx u Load Landuse Open Excel template create new 2 If there is already an existing ccalm units landuse xlsx land use spreadsheet from an earlier modelling session a window confirming that it should be overwritten will appear Clicking No will open the existing spreadsheet for editing Clicking Yes will open a new blan
117. l A ok Clicking Cancel will close the box without saving the changes Clicking OK will save the changes Once editing is complete C CALM can be re run as normal C CALM 2 0 User Manual Untitled ArcMap WS amp 28 File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Deas AB x9 ldr no ZEE E z aja Os 9 M ORO ES ERU SS ALL gi Editer gt hn n Ze TT 4 ca a iem ieu e E674 HE am in l Table Of Contents ax 898 g 5 Layers g fcDevices m lt all other values A w Pond FN ka Wetland I b yeas eil boe A Raingarden 23 Filter E Catchpit amp Street sweeping Porous paving B Infiltration strip Swale G Generic amp M fcLinks J a i TSS Wl all other values outputTable TSS 712928055 73504114 3617450 52100354 E 5889074 92189938 6138237 6229416 E 8023522 57760357 EE 8652826 50305337 188 8726580 83975813 E 8959203 37400988 Particulate Dissolved Particulate E 10312983 6720545 i odd ue m Copper _ Copper Znc E 10829268 7790248 Y ERE oues 8470232067612 3654 283513374 29500 95577807 40958 30486963 WI 12204948 7476181 j Pp 8652826 503053 1928 895944787 2437 611950272 7253 240219050 28426 22425792 z E maan z 8959203374009 581 61105153913 205 3315165698 2236 019671472 2684 944596746 E articu
118. l into a spatial decision support system for urban planning nternational Conference of the IWA Diffuse Pollution Specialist Group on Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication Rotorua New Zealand 18 23 September 2011 Semadeni Davies A Moores J and Altenberger A 2010 C CALM development and application of a planning tool for stormwater management in New Zealand 17th Congress of the Asia and Pacific Division of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research incorporating the 7th International Urban Watershed Management Conference Auckland New Zealand 22 24 February 2010 Semadeni Davies A Altenberger A and Wadhwa S 2009 C CALM Catchment Contaminant Annual Loads Model NZWWA 6th South Pacific Stormwater Conference Auckland New Zealand May 2009 Applications Moores J Semadeni Davies A McBride G and Swales A 2012 Quantifying contaminant sources in the Upper Whangarei Harbour catchment Client Report prepared by NIWA for Northland Regional Council NIWA Report AKL2012 047 Vesely E T Semadeni Davies A and Simcock R 2009 Waiarohia catchment stormwater treatment modelling with C CALM and COSTnz Landcare Research Contract Report prepared for Waitakere City Council C CALM 2 0 User Manual 157
119. late Copper i i BI coll other valuess z 10312983 67206 1051099351534 4225099778212 4724 988965087 20362 59650622 outputTable ParticulateCo E 2928055 735941 360 7617041202 220 1905511547 1280 8424850536 6906 5547349249 7192 2108542782308 48 IBO 8726580 839758 7084 232488981 2211 695222344 26072 97337889 29605 61502741 Se b 5889074 921899 1799 307903392 1266 910923284 7740 265168814 40993 90792966 SEE pe 6138237 6229416 5291 138914630 2380 524908503 20965 04169699 95554 36643795 EE 58161105153913 E p 3617450 521003 562 3385029516 4515051687958 1135780371301 180314 7005390 l 188 1051 09935153486 j 8023522 577603 2074 582292269 843 5233371158 6416 295632907 17766 15844945 18 1799 30790339258 E 33440353 25125 516 2597143611 620 8537129691 4807 228715186 57003 523742964 E ER SCC 10829268 77902 92 21085427823 105 7991991545 1325 762270722 18319 83897044 malen 1744591 885 5925395 792 Meters The impact of the change in the raingarden settings on the total loads simulated for the SMU can be seen in Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Comparison of contaminant loads simulated for SMU 8 with changed raingarden settings Particulate Dissolved Particulate Dissolved Treatment scenario sopper Lopper Ame eme C CALM 2 0 User
120. lient Contents EEC ITV S SU AY t 5 1 VO GEN Background REPE EE TET 7 2 Modelling COMMON uoce tere ores raises steric cect ents saweerexn ewes ede saws enpnweeeneconestewcimeeneenscaerten 9 2 1 Load calc latior PETI IM 9 2 2 C CALM as a SDSS for freshwater management sssssuss 12 23 Spatial representati rn uscasdeieceet dut coin eso tud Oe DOS DUE RE OH EE RUM IINE 14 2 4 Partitioning and fractionation ccccceccceeeceeeseeeseeeseeeeeeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeenes 15 2 5 C CALM performance rules cccccescecceeeeceeceseeeeeceueeseuseeseeeeseueesseeesees 16 2 6 Representing SMU stormwater treatMent ccccceececseeeeseeeeseeeeeseeeesees 23 3 C CALM Installation and Interface ccccesseeceseeceeseeeeneeeenseseeneeeeneeseneeees 25 3 1 Model requirements sseesssessseseeeee nennen nnn nnn nnns 25 ee GOAL ADA E tiis bt prt rudi bbc eru Pid mE Eia 25 33 C CALM Shap MIT eee 26 3 5 Installing C CALM cccccccccsseccceececeseeeseeeceusessueeesecessaeeeseeeessusessueeesees 27 3 6 Uninstalling and deregistering C CALM cccccccceeeeceeeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeaes 29 SY Me gs O74 18 Wai gt giclcl Aen eee eee eee ene eee ee nee eee ene 31 4 Gemino SCAN Ohi certs ss ere E sree eee E 32 4 1 Test Case Waiarohia CatchMment ccccccccscccsececseeeeeeseeeeseeteneesseeeaes 32 4 2 I
121. lts at ESRLArcGIS Display AlgorithmicColorRamptClass CreateRamp Boolean amp ok at ccalm 2 CcalmlUniqueValueRenderert lass uniqueSimpleRendererC olorRamp IGe oFeaturel ayer geoFeatureLayer String fieldName IRgbColor fromColor IRgbColor toColor in C ccalm 2XccalmObph C calmUniqueValueRenderert lass cs line 507 at ccalm 2 FeatureClassOperations QueryDef in C ccalm_2 calculations FeatureClassOperations csline 421 ESRLArcGIS Display No SMU had been selected so that C CALM was unable to run Close the Outputs table Select the SMU s to be simulated Re run C CALM 44 C CALM 2 0 User Manual TROUBLE SHOOTING ran C CALM and everything looked OK but got zero loads for some of my SMUs and others look like they are too low why Check that you have zeros as place holders in the ccalm_units_landuse xlsx spreadsheet for land covers which are not found in the simulated SMU C CALM will not recognise blank cells and will not update the database i TEX CET gt AutoSum A EH HH ra I Fill ZY ik Insert Delete Format Sort amp Find amp Clear Filter Select Cells Editing H K J nc aluminium coated Roofs other materi 0 05 0 0095611145 00 0956117 0090505002 0 090505 0 06 0 g D 0 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 45 TROUBLE SHOOTING Sometimes when run C CALM forget that the ink icon is active and draw a link to nowhere Then when run C CALM the model stops running usual
122. ly when 3096 complete Sometimes get this error C CALM requires the ink icon to be clicked to activate the fclinks shape file before you can run the model Note that once activated the links icon does not have to be clicked again unless you are linking treatment options These error messages occur when you run C CALM but are mid way through drawing a link for example if you have the link tool on and accidently click on the display C CALM will run but the Outputs table will be empty You will need to restart ArcMap and C CALM to continue your treatment options will still be in place as they are stored in the database To avoid making this error click on the ArcMap D Select Elements icon when you have created all the treatment options required before continuing your simulation To learn more about links see Section 5 2 46 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 4 C CALM results display Once C CALM has been run results for each of the SMUs simulated will be provided in both tabular and map form All results are given in grams per year g yr 4 4 1 Outputs table The outputs table provides the contaminant loads g yr for TSS particulate and dissolved copper and particulate and dissolved zinc for each of the simulated SMUs The units simulated are identified in the first field ModelUnit 1 Theresults can be displayed in ascending or descending order for any field by clicking on the field name here SMUs are listed in ascending order
123. m half of the impervious surfaces drains to the pond so the slide is moved to 50 Roads Roofs Faved Sufaces Roads Proportion of treated 7 Vei TO 30 a 9e C CALM 2 0 User Manual 61 10 62 Click the add button to select the next land cover to be treated here 5000 20000v p d To remove a land cover that has already been entered click the delete button that is associated with that land cover Use the slide counter to select the proportion of the cover type to be treated 50 in this example Roads Proportion of treated 7 E E g 50 A 5 50 Continue through the remaining cover type tabs in the same manner until all of the land covers to be treated have been entered here half of all impervious surfaces Proportion of treated 72 50 g 50 Galvanised steel well painted 20 3 g 50 50 50 Zinc aluminium coated 30 x 30 5 Paved Surfaces Others Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 3 g ais eS Select the PSD and level of removal efficiency for the dissolved metals and particulates where required in this example medium coarse PSD and medium removal of dissolved metals EE PSD Medium Coarse Gi Dissolved Zn Pass ster Low High Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Run C CALM C CALM 2 0 User Manual Untitled ArcMap File Edit View Bookmarks Inset Selection Geoprocessing Customize
124. metals ent ption Treatment option ID EN SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Catchment type Commercial f Impervious surface 0 75 Catchment slope ono oO k Specific area 15 Hydraulic rating 3 5 good Invert level m o5 F Width m Extended detention Roads Proportion of treated 7 g PSD Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu Medium Q cancel 4 ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 113 Pond settings Land use commercial Imperviousness 75 Slope to gutter 0 015 Specific area 1 5 or 150 m ha Hydraulic Efficiency 3 5 good Depth invert level 0 5 m Weir width 2 m Extended detention yes This combination gives the following treatment efficiency 96 in the C CALM database Train links The links between the treatment options in the two trains are as follows 114 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Simulation results EEEE Te File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help 1g B 3 S x 10 0 db e rne Masini i r Ys Q QO 2855 em ki BM BO Bg er hz rZ Id ap cm ES EN E END NS SENE Ei im Be Table Of Contents ax A aegu 9 c amp layers B s m all other values fe A 4e Pond ES D Pon E Wetland Al Raingarden E3 Filter E Catchpit m Street sweeping Porous paving B Infiltration strip Swale m Generic a
125. mporting spatial Mata cccccccccsscccseccseeecseeccseeceueeceeesseeesseeeseeessueesseesees 33 Creating a new spreadsheet leee iles liess ieeeee eene n enn n hann n nana hannah nn 37 Loading an existing spreadsheet e eeeeeee eee eeee esee nenne nnns 39 CEBIT deRu 2ss e 41 4 4 C CALM results display ccccccccseccceceeseeeeceeceeseeeeseesesseeeeseeeeseeeesseeeesaes 47 4 5 Saving settings and results cccecccsecccseeeeceeeeeeeeeeceeeeseeeeeseeeeseeeesseeeesees 51 4 6 Re setting C CALM for further runs eeeeeseesseeenreeenn 52 5 Simulating Stormwater Treatment eee ecce eere eene enne 54 5 1 Separate Treatment Options seeesseeessseeseeeennnnem enne 55 MEN IC ei RR 73 So GODNE U cde iv Fi den EE MM UEM MM 116 C CALM 2 0 User Manual e Eitan hiscse chases yess ce iced ende ine testes tee 119 Ol BdingieatirnenteploriS sesto tuse oen asac tetto Mte usa un ausos uva bU 119 62 Edtngland 0 hope TERN 128 h eeVee u ireet m 131 PROCTOR CING CS EOD T D TOTO SD SQL DIETE 131 Appendix A Soltware Agreemetilcs cuia suco dooc uera E 136 Appendix B Hypothetical land cover and treatment options 140 Appendix C Performance rules and treatment boxes for C CALM treatment options 146 Appendix D Hydraulic Rating Guide 1 e eere ere
126. nal Council Technical Publication No ARC04104 Trowsdale S A and Simcock R 2011 Urban stormwater treatment using bioretention Journal of Hydrology 397 3 4 167 174 http dx doi org 10 1016 j jhydrol 2010 11 023 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 135 Appendix A Software Agreement CAREFULLY READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENCE BEFORE YOU INSTALL EXECUTE OR USE THE C CALM SOFTWARE BY INSTALLING EXECUTING OR USING C CALM YOU BECOME THE LICENSEE TO THIS LICENCE AND CONSENT TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS IF YOU DO NOT WISH TO ACCEPT THE TERMS PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNINSTALLED UNEXECUTED C CALM SOFTWARE TO NIWA 1 1 1 2 2 136 LICENCE National Institute of Water amp Atmospheric Research Limited a duly incorporated company having its registered office in New Zealand NIWA is the owner and or licensee of copyright and other intellectual property in software to amongst other things predict the impacts of land use changes and storm water management practices on urban water quality at the SMU scale and any associated user documentation collectively C CALM Upon installation execution and or use of C CALM you accept a non exclusive non transferable licence to use C CALM upon the terms and conditions contained herein You do not receive title to or any interest or other proprietary rights in C CALM whatsoever This licence does not include any support services in relation to C CALM Software Suppo
127. ncentrations can be toxic to fish and stream invertebrates Paul and Meyer 2001 In order to safeguard these receiving environments there has been a move by regional and local governments to require treatment of stormwater Installation of sustainable urban drainage systems SUDS as an integral part of Water Sensitive Urban Design WSUD see definition in Hoyer et al 2011 Fletcher et al 2014 has also been encouraged e g Auckland Council 2013 However to date WSUD and SUDS have been largely restricted to green field developments in the main centres and most urban drainage systems continue to largely consist of a reticulated network with or without proprietary devices to convey stormwater from source to receiving water One of the reasons behind the slow uptake of WSUD and SUDS in is the difficultly of demonstrating the impacts of different urban forms and stormwater management options to stakeholders Brown et al 2005 Brown and Clarke 2007 Puddephatt and Heslop 2007 Moreover while there has been some work to establish links between urbanisation stormwater management and environmental health including both catchment monitoring and harbour sediment sampling the long term impacts of continued urbanisation are difficult to assess Atthe planning level three key questions arise with respect to urbanization and land use change What are the rates of long term contaminant delivery to receiving environments How will continue
128. ncy ratings for wet detention ponds Finally a bibliography of documents relating to C CALM development and applications is provided in Appendix E 8 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 2 Modelling Context Fundamental to C CALM is the difference between models for urban stormwater planning and those for design and operation These tasks are related and often include similar routines however the spatial and temporal resolution and the degree of model complexity can differ significantly The C CALM SDSS has been developed as a planning tool at the stormwater management unit SMU or sub catchment scale and consists of a GIS modelling interface linked to a contaminant loads model and a query library of performance rules for stormwater treatment options Where possible the performance rules have been derived from multiple runs of continuous simulation models of water treatment For those treatment options which could not be modelled the performance rules have been derived from evaluation of literature values of removal efficiencies For the modelled rules the performance varies by region due to climate i e rainfall and evapotranspiration C CALM provides annual contaminant loads for each SMU from diffuse sources for total suspended solids TSS five particle grain size distributions can be simulated and particulate and dissolved zinc and copper The minimum data required are land cover type and SMU boundaries Treatment options that can be simulated ar
129. ntensity residential medium coarse PSD has a traditional reticulated stormwater system draining roads 1000 5000 v p d that has been retrofitted with a generic treatment option 25 of road runoff 75 TSS removal and 30 each of dissolved zinc and copper removal porous paving 25 of roads are porous with medium TSS removal and low dissolved metal removal and swales 50 of road runoff with high removal of TSS and medium removal of dissolved metals This treatment scenario requires three options to be set up in C CALM Land cover SMU10 100 all other surfaces 25 roads 25 roads 50 roads Catchment Generic treatment Porous paving Swales contaminant load Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 3 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 10 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first treatment option to be added in this example the Generic treatment icon d Bb BOOK 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option Fill land use as required 25 of road runoff That is the treatment option has a user specified removal efficiency 64 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Treatment option ID PY SMU Area 300540 multiple sources Proportion of treated 25 E g 2
130. of the C CALM toolbar from ESRI MX CommandBars and ESRI MX Commands Close Categories exe Esri Metadata Synchronizers J Esri Model Diagram Property Pages Esri Model Element Property Pages J Esri Model Process Property Pages Esri Model to Script Converters Esri MosaicDatasetExportMenuCommands J Esri Multisen Replica Property Pages Esri Mx Annotation Expression Parsers J Esri Mx CommandBars i qz ccalm_ toolbarltems CcalmGisModelSetupMenu ieg ccalm 2 toolbarItems CdamBuildNetworkMenu Esri Mx Commands Esri Mx DDE Command Handlers J Esri Mx Dockable Windows Esri Mx Document Drop Targets Esri Model Process Property Pages J Esri Model to Script Converters J Esri MosaicDatasetExportMenuCommands J Esri MultiGen Replica Property Pages J Esri Mx Annotation Expression Parsers Esri Mx CommandBars 1 5 Esri Mx Commands ccalm 2 toolbarItems AddLanduse qz ccalm_2 toolbar Items BuildNetwork qz ccalm 2 toolbarTtems ChangeLanduseCommand dz ccalm 2 toolbarltems ChangePointFeatures lt 4 ccalm 2 toolbarItems ClearNetwork dz ccalm 2 toolbarltems CreateCatchpitsCommand lt 4 ccalm 2 toolbarItems CreateGenericCommand d ccalm 2 toolbarItems CreateInfiltrationstripcommand LJ Add Object Remove Object Find Category Find Prs Find Mex C CALM 2 0 User Manual 3 7 The C CALM interface The C CALM interface is displayed as a tool bar which is split into the following five sections
131. olvedZn f a eu 1745163 831 5924396 364 Meters C CALM 2 0 User Manual 67 5 1 4 Multiple unlinked treatment options raingardens generic treatment and porous paving multiple sources with split proportions In this example Figure 5 4 SMU 8 new industrial medium PSD has a combination of treatment options for runoff from impervious surfaces Raingardens treat 25 of roof runoff and half each of runoff from paving and roads A generic device 90 TSS and particulate removal 60 of dissolved zinc and 40 of dissolved copper treats the remaining 50 of road runoff and the remaining half of the paved surfaces are porous low removal of TSS and medium removal of dissolved metals Land cover SMU8 50 paving 100 permeable 75 roofs 25 roofs 50 roads 50 paving Pre treatment Untreated Treated 50 roads Generic Porous Paving treatment Catchment contaminant load Figure 5 4 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 8 Raingardens are usually designed to treat impervious surfaces with a recommended contributing area of around 1000 m e g Auckland Regional Council 2003 The raingardens in this example are assumed to have the following parameters with reference to the catchment properties in Appendix B Land use industrial Slope to gutter 0 01 Specific area 4 or 40 m 1000 m Media depth 1 m Deep percolation 10 i e
132. olyulala plwoln 1744101 622 5924362 583 Meters The effect of changing land use on the simulated loads for SMU 1 are as follows Table 6 4 Table 6 4 Comparison of contaminant loads simulated for SMU 1 with rural and high density residential land uses Particulate Dissolved Particulate Dissolved Treatment scenario Copper Copper Zinc Zinc There is a large drop in TSS which is due to the higher sediment yields for rural land uses In contrast the higher metal yields associated with traffic and impervious urban surfaces leads to a significant increase in metal loads 130 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Acknowledgements Thank you to NIWA colleagues past and present who have provided assistance throughout the development of C CALM Anna Altenberger Dr Jacquie Reed Jonathan Moores Ken Becker Dr Sandy Elliot and Dr Sharleen Harper The following people were part of the C CALM advisory committee and provided valuable inputs Michael Krause Dr Mike Timperley Nick Brown and Dr Sam Trowsdale Thank you to Helen Chin and Tony Miguel of Ecowater Waitakere City Council for allowing us to use shape files from the Waiarohia Catchment in the preparation of this manual Thank you also to Auckland Council for advice and support in the development of C CALM References Armstrong M P Densham P J and Ruston G 1986 Architecture for a microcomputer based decision support system Proceedings 2nd International Symposi
133. only down stream treatment option has been inserted into the treatment train but is the option is not linked to an upstream treatment option or has been linked in the wrong direction Close the Outputs table Check that the options in a train are correctly linked ensure that there is an arrow from upstream to downstream options See Section 0 for instructions on removing links if the link is in the wrong direction C CALM 2 0 User Manual 77 TROUBLE SHOOTING tried to link but the dashed red line remains and don t get a black arrow The dashed line means that the link was not clicked inside the centre tolerance buffer for the one or both of the treatment options Draw the link again taking care to click from centre to centre the link arrow should appear and the dashed line will be deleted automatically TROUBLE SHOOTING Some of my treatment options and links are highlighted 5 C CALM may automatically select and highlight treatment options and links This will not affect model results M Highlighting can be removed for display by clicking the clear selection button A you will need to reselect the SMU for simulation 5 2 2 One to one linked options street sweeping to generic treatment multiple sources with split proportions In this example Figure 5 6 stormwater from SMU 12 new industrial medium coarse PSD is treated by good housekeeping street sweeping and a generic treatment device 8096 TSS and particul
134. ortion of treated 7 X g PSD TSS v Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu amp cancel amp ok Select the tab for the type of land cover to be treated with the option Note that porous paving is only available for roads and paved surfaces In this example 50 of the paved surfaces are porous The slider has been updated to show that paved surfaces are also treated in another option giving 10096 treatment in this case the other treatment is 50 by raingardens C CALM 2 0 User Manual 71 18 19 20 21 22 23 Paved Surfaces Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 55 aud a Continue through the cover type tabs until all of the land covers to be treated have been entered In this example there are no other land cover types treated with infiltration strips Select the PSD and level of removal efficiency for the dissolved metals and particulates where required in this example medium coarse PSD low removal of TSS particulates and medium removal of dissolved metals B ss Low Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu VETERE PSD Medium Coarse Gi Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete Run C CALM Untitled ArcMap clez File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help Deals xoci 1406 aar Lal my QAM SO eo BO EZA i Bly i Editor Table Of Contents nx egg
135. other values outputTable ParticulateZn Li Bleue 76 7980568 631379 3232 838847534 1234 649029751 17819 68711229 12971 03985444 10312983 67205 852 5606407599 629 0713703945 5435 802178805 19639 35015094 1744874 82 5924460 172 Meters C CALM 2 0 User Manual WARNING Do not link An upstream treatment option to two or more downstream options If a treatment option drains to two types of treatment input the treatment twice in separate trains See Section O for an example of this kind of arrangement Across SMUs all linked treatment options must be in the same SUM While C CALM will work in either case the results will be incorrect TROUBLE SHOOTING When try to run C CALM with a train only treatment option get these error messages and no results Why Index was out of range Must be non negative and less than the size of the collection Parameter name index Error HRESULT E FAIL has been returned from a call to a COM component at ESRLArcGIS Display AlgorithmicColorRamptClass CreateRamp Boolean amp ok at ccalm 2 CcalmUniqueValueRendererClass uniqueSimpleRenderert olorRamp IGe oFeaturel ayer geoFeatureLayer String fieldName IRgbColor fromColar IRgbColor toColor in c ccalm_2 ccalmOby CcalmUniqueValueRendererClass cs line 507 at ccalm 2 FeatureClassOperations QueryDef in cccalm 2XcalculationskFeatureClassOperations cs line 421 ESRLArcGIS Display A train
136. racteristics in the C CALM performance rules is 71 The removal efficiency for dissolved metals is high Catchment contaminant load Figure 5 7 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 11 The wetland is assumed to have the following Land use residential imperviousness 40 representing 36 4 for SMU Slope to gutter 0 05 Specific area 1 or 100 m ha i e a pond area of around 1000 m serving 10 5 ha of impervious surfaces Hydraulic Efficiency 8 excellent see Appendix Three Depth invert level 1 m Weir width 2 m Extended detention yes This combination gives the following treatment efficiency in the C CALM database 82 C CALM 2 0 User Manual epp pepper 8 10 25 67 96 99 99 99 99 The removal efficiency for dissolved metals is medium 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first upstream treatment option in this case the generic treatment icon 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required in this case 5096 of paving to be treated with 6096 removal or all contaminants New TreatmentOption Generic Treatment option ID B6 SMU Area 288887 multiple sources Tere Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Paved Surfa
137. rface cover x annual yield x treatment reduction factor The surface covers and their respective yields used in both CLM and C CALM are given in Table 2 1 Land cover classes i e sources include roofing material roads other impervious surfaces e g paving construction sites and vegetated surfaces The total contaminant load for a SMU is the sum of the loads from the different cover classes The annual time step means that catchment hydrology and contaminant transport processes simplify the models and reduce data requirements Conceptually while the load delivered by a specific event depends on the accumulation rate the length of the antecedent dry period and the rainfall intensity over the course of a year the total wash off from a surface is independent of rainfall dynamics That is accumulation and wash off are assumed to be in equilibrium over the long term Where C CALM and CLM differ is in the treatment reduction factors For CLM once the contaminant loads are calculated for each source type separately there are up to three water treatment options allowed The treatment reduction factor for each option is pre defined under the assumption that the device has been designed according to the criteria laid out in TP10 Auckland Regional Council 2003 and is functioning as intended In contrast the C CALM treatment reduction factors are obtained by querying the performance rule library which contains values that are customised for each
138. rmwater wetland in the mid Atlantic Region Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Washington DC USA Semadeni Davies A 2008a C CALM review of removal efficiencies for stormwater treatment options in New Zealand NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Semadeni Davies A 2008b C CALM treatment modules Models for Catchment Sediment Transport Ponds and Raingardens NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Semadeni Davies A 2011 Urban Planning that Sustains Waterbodies Review of Spatial Decision Support Systems for Urban Water Management Prepared under contract C01X0908 funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation NIWA Client Report No AKL201 1 003 Semadeni Davies A 2013 Classification of stormwater borne solids A literature review Prepared by National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research NIWA for Auckland Council Technical Report TR2013 017 http www aucklandcouncil govt nz SiteCollectionDocuments aboutcouncil planspoliciespubli cations technicalpublications tr20 1301 7classificationofstormwaterbornesolidsliteraturereview pdf Semadeni Davies A and Harper S 2008 Progress on the Development of C CALM Performance Rules for Ponds Wetlands and Raingardens Addendum Sensitivity Analysis NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd 134 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Semadeni Davies A Moores J and Green M 2014 Implications of freshwater management
139. rough Canterbury Otago Southland West Coast Residential 100 Commercial 100 Industrial 100 Average catchment slope 0 005 0 01 0 03 and 0 05 Raingarden or Bioretention Unit Parameters Specific area ratio of raingarden surface area relative to the 100 200 a00 A mal expressed as fractions 1 2 4 and 6 contributing area Depth 0 5 1 0 and 1 5 m Land use i e build up and wash off rates and impervious percentage of surface area Bypass Yes or no if yes generic parameters for the bypass outflow weir 0 isolated from groundwater 10 20 40 and Deep percolation to groundwater 50 0 5 mm medium sand 1 mm coarse sand 2 mm very coarse sand 3 mm gravel e g pumice soils Media median grain size diameter PERFORMANCE Raingarden Regional climate Catchment 12 Specific area 6 Raingarden design RULE Runs 8 120 69120 0 5 m depth Example Auckland Industrial 100 m ha No deep percolation 1 Gentle slope By pass Fine sand bed media 1 m depth A Example Auckland Commercial 300 m ha 10 deep percolation 2 Gentle slope By pass Gravel bed media 1 m depth Example Commercial E 10 deep percolation Medium slope oo ie No by pass Medium sand bed media Figure 2 4 Examples of performance rules for raingardens showing how parameter choice affects removal efficiency removal The values in brackets are the number of choices for each parameter type
140. rt Services Any Software Support Services that you may require must first be agreed with NIWA and shall be provided pursuant to a separate agreement with NIWA PERMISSIBLE USES You may I Use C CALM on your internal systems solely as an end user and only for your Internal Purposes For the purposes of this licence Internal Purpose means your usual internal operational and planning functions which where you have a public safety or interest function includes use for public good purposes such as issuing public safety warnings or carrying out your prescribed regulatory functions However for the avoidance of doubt expressly excludes undertaking or providing catchment modelling or other environmental research or consultancy services to third parties on a contract or revenue generating basis li Copy C CALM into any machine readable or printed form for the purposes of transferring C CALM between internal systems and for archive or back up purposes ii YOUR UNDERTAKINGS You undertake not to perform any of the acts referred to in this clause and sub clauses except to the extent expressly permitted in this licence or with NIWA s prior written consent You may not l Distribute supply or sub licence C CALM or any component thereof to any third party C CALM 2 0 User Manual 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 li Translate adapt modify develop or alter C CALM or any part of it ii Disassemble decompile or
141. ry services repair or correction You agree that you are using C CALM for the purpose of a business and therefore any warranties expressed or implied by the Consumer Guarantees Act 1993 shall not apply to this licence or your use of C CALM LIMITATION OF LIABILITY INDEMNITY NIWA shall not be liable to you or to any other party for any loss cost or damage whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with C CALM or your use thereof Notwithstanding the generality of clause 6 1 NIWA expressly excludes liability for indirect special incidental or consequential loss or damage which may arise in respect of this licence C CALM its use or otherwise or for loss of profit business production revenue goodwill or anticipated savings In the event that NIWA incurs any liability whatsoever such liability will under no circumstances exceed in aggregate the lesser of the licence fee paid by you for the use of C CALM or 500 You agree to fully indemnify and keep indemnified NIWA against any claim proceeding loss cost including legal costs on a solicitor own client basis damage liability or expense incurred or suffered by it whether arising in contract tort including negligence or otherwise and arising out of or in connection with l your use of C CALM li use of C CALM by any third party who has receive CLUE from or through you or ii a breach of this agreement by you INTELLECTUAL P
142. s Proportion of treated 7 30 _ __ 70 PSD Medium CoarseGi cancel gy ok Porous paving to filters Porous paving treats 10 of roads and 10 of paving and provides low removal of TSS and dissolved metals The outflow is further treated in filters l tew IreatmentOption DUS pav mE mE Treatment option ID eo f SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Proportion of treated 72 Vehicles day 1000 5000 10 80 Vehicles day 5000 20000 10 Bi 80 PSD Medium Coarse Gi TSS Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu Low cancel 4a ok 112 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Treatment option ID ice SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 0 BH Y 80 PSD Medium Coarse Gi TSS Low Filters treat runoff from the porous paving and 109 of roof runoff fine PSD They provide medium treatment of TSS and dissolved metals The treated runoff flows to pond B _ Treatment option ID fo f SMU Area 154762 multiple sources Roads Roofs Roofs Proportion of treated Galvanised steel coated ue EE 10 em 10 g 10 L PSD Fine Grain TSS Dissolved Zn Dissolved Cu TEAM O cancel A ok E 5 7 2 Pond B Pond B treats water from the filters and catchpits with inserts as well as 3096 of roof runoff fine PSD Pond B provides medium treatment of dissolved
143. s s e s 7o e o s s o e o 7 9 o wa o s 9 Dissolved metals Removal Efficiency Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn High fa New TreatmentOption Filter Treatment option ID m SMU Area 578999 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others MN Roads Proportion of treated p delete add PSD s gt Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel amp ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 146 Swales and infiltration strips vegetated bio filters E Removal of TSS and metals are user defined TSS and particulate metals Band Velocity Grain size Removal Efficiency 96 em Mm tw wem ome Bo ow o a 9 2 m s o e v o o s o e v e e v o a s e v v 7o e ao o v o swm a e 9 384 50 Dissolved metals Removal Efficiency Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn New TreatmentOption Infiltration strip Swale Treatment option ID CREE SMU Area 578999 multiple sources Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 Y Q delete add PSD TSS gt Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel 4a ok C CALM 2 0 User Manual 147 Street sweeping Removal of TSS and particulate metals is determined by grain size Dissolved metals are not treated TSS and particulate metals it LN LEN CEN DN New TreatmentOption Street sweeping Treatment option ID mY SM
144. s 155 Appendix E C CALM documentation and applications 157 Reviewed by Approved for release by Jonathan Moores Ken Becker Group Manager Regional Manager Urban Aquatic Environments Auckland C CALM 2 0 User Manual Executive summary The Catchment Contaminant Annual Loads Model C CALM was developed by NIWA under sub contract to Landcare Research C CALM is provided to users free of charge for non commercial use and is intended to aid in the planning of urban stormwater treatment at the stormwater unit sub catchment scale It has been developed to be easy to use with minimal set up and run times and modest data requirements C CALM consists of a GIS modelling interface linked to a contaminant loads model and a query library of performance rules for stormwater treatment options The coupling of the loads model to a GIS interface means that C CALM can be described as a spatial decision support system SDSS that is it is an interactive model designed to support land use decisions solve semi structured spatial problems and provide an effective tool to aid geo visualisation and communication between stakeholders C CALM estimates annual contaminant loads from diffuse sources for total suspended solids TSS five particle grain size distributions can be simulated and particulate and dissolved zinc and copper Treatment options that can be simulated are wet detention ponds wetlands filters aingard
145. s example a coarse grain PSD has been chosen Loo Fine Grain Medium Fine Grain Medium Grain NURP Medium Coarse Grain Coarse Grain Click OK A catchpit symbol will appear in the SMU JE3 7f db BO is Run C CALM according to the instructions above Section 4 3 C CALM will display the treated load for the SMU C CALM 2 0 User Manual 57 Q Untitled ArcMap File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help neus xod 114186 34 BSS ug E pi QAM SIH es E ck mus E s z i emm TU amp B Table Of Contents RX k 85 Ej Layers m lt all other values I Pond da Wetland Raingarden Ei Filter Catchpit x Street sweeping Porous paving E Infiltration strip Swale Generic g fcLinks e Outputs a Tss Wl all other values outputTable TSS El ccalm units oO Bg nz regions gt 8023522 57760357 5 amp O Particulate Copper F S Wl lt all other values f outputTable ParticulateCo 11665 42681511398 Ve i amp O Dissolved Copper f e Wl all other values gt xm outputTable DissolvedCo a 11272 09373349867 w A a O Particulate Zinc j EL Wii all other values f M outputTable ParticulateZn a Outputs RE Ex E 7550 83077131574 amp O Dissolved Zinc Wl lt all other values gt T outputTable DissolvedZn Model Unit TSS dig meam Zinc Zn 116592 7583959565 gt 8023
146. s manual was prepared using NET 4 5 1 the framework can be downloaded from Microsoft http www microsoft com en nz download The minimum data requirements for C CALM are SMU boundaries and the proportion of the SMUs covered by each of the land covers listed in Appendix B this information is added using an Excel spreadsheet template supplied with C CALM 3 2 C CALM database C CALM is provided with a relational geo database dbccalm mab this can be viewed using MS Access which holds the following information Performance rule query library for all treatment types separate tables are provided for the modelled and literature based sets of rules Hegion determines which set of modelled performance rules is used with respect to location of the catchment shape file supplied by the user Land cover types available and their annual sediment copper and zinc yields see Table 2 1 Particulate metal partitioning and fractionation see Section 2 4 and PSDs and grain size classes Table 2 2 The database also holds the model set up so that treatment options which have been placed in a catchment will remain in place for subsequent modelling sessions Removal of treatment options from the database is discussed in Section 4 5 The database can be updated for local information e g removal efficiencies yields PSD fractionation however users are required under the C CALM licencing agreement Appendix A to contact
147. sand filters porous paving and swales C CALM allows combinations of treatment trains and separate treatment options This example Figure 5 8 demonstrates the use of a train with two separate treatment options to treat runoff from SMU 7 old industrial medium coarse PSD Runoff from main roads 5000 20000 v p d is treated in catchpits with inserts leading to sand filters low treatment for all contaminants Half of the paved surfaces are porous medium treatment for all contaminants The other half of paved surfaces drain via swales assumed to have high treatment TSS and particulates and medium for the dissolved metals which also take 25 of roof runoff and runoff from minor roads Land cover SMU7 50 paving 10096 main roads Catchpits Sand filters inserts Pre treatment Untreated Treated Permeable 100 permeable 75 roofs 100 minor roads 25 roofs 50 paving Swales Catchment contaminant load Figure 5 8 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 7 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first upstream treatment option in this case the catchpits icon 0800 Bf LiBH4GNK 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required C C
148. se scenarios be saved in a separate master spreadsheet and are copied into ccalm units landuse xlsx Having a master spreadsheet will allow reference to land use scenarios at a later stage For instance the master could hold scenarios for pre during and post development land use H 9 gt ccalm units landuse xlsx Excel FILE HOME INSERT PAGELAYOUT FORMULAS DATA REVIEW VIEW Ss oe coo a do Cut Arial io X A m Rweptert General Hiz E Normal_SMU 5 Ba Copy A i Bena Normal aste S3 Eea M um Hl amp 3z E z s 4 amp 0 00 onditional Format as Norma 7 Format Painter S Z u mi 2 A Merge amp Center kn Formatting Table Clipboard F Font F Alignment F Number F C12 LL fe 0 A B C D E F 1 Roofs galvanised steel unpainted Roofs galvanised steel poor painted Roofs galvanised steel well painted Roofs galvanised steel coated 2 1 306401 8027 0 05 0 3 6 391281 84766 0095611145 0 4 506000 6335t 0090505002 0 090505002 5 73 7895029 4169 0 a9 Load Landuse bo jG 0 08 0 06 6 8 390377 9217 0 0 0 05 7 10 300540 3934 0 Open Excel template 0 04 0 03 8 72 7295363 7389 0 0 08 0 06 9 275 140 8858 0 crestenew 0875 0 0875 10 fo 154762 0634 0 0875 0 0875 11 1 288887 62431 0 0 04 0 03 E 57899934600 1 1 0 0 0 3 r 13 12 461875 0122t 0 o jJ 0 0 05 14 13 469444 3899 0 0 0 05 15 14 91776 12326 0 003 0 0 003
149. selection boxes in the TOC The displays below are for TSS and particulate zinc The selection highlight can be removed by deselecting the SMUs File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help D gg ug amp BXIoc d4 114 186 Magara pe S E amp asmQgiue mgW kg ERA S OBZ tte 1 pn A N E DSM E Em mm mm HARE Table Of Contents ax ja 9 8 5 IE 3836 67490676556 I 4925 2855250659 IB 4987 96168195472 IIl 5827 34367267754 Il 5922 8443263596 E 6071 45787319178 o O Particulate Zinc Wl lt all other values outputTable ParticulateZn 1589 259874331761 13717 5364387799 14378 37885914451 1 5386 38084516941 3 5603 64959126131 31 7784 0202618746 3 9960 76933283879 E 30183 7375189214 13 31402 5554624335 E 38096 2611492591 El 42278 957938948 Mil 45073 5303021516 Hl 45812 2119124016 Il 55956 4955397984 amp O Dissolved Zinc Wl lt all other values outputTable DissolvedZn C 119415248976063 E 17533 69707920326 19333 14407358085 116592 7583959565 118937 6344678306 19701 5158592592 E 26843 8628466036 E 34578 1896632969 E 40911 1296637692 E 41581 5963197999 Il 55665 9126745088 Ml 81343 9286747233 E 113182 385026241 Il 209389 527927832 su zl E v nz regions EJ malen 1745092 516 5924366 337 Meters C CALM 2 0 User Manual 49 File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows
150. stormwater treatment options for SMU 8 a raingardens with changed set up options J Click on the edit treatment icon CCAM2I UE Oe Eid BOO NX T Run 2 Click and drag a box around the treatment option to be edited this will select the option and open its set up window C CALM 2 0 User Manual 119 3 120 Treatment option ID EE SMU Area 390377 multiple sources Catchment type ridustrial M Catchment slope 0 01 Specific area 4 Depth m 1 0 X Deep percolation 10 By pass yes Media Grain Size 2 X Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 75 Vehicles day 1000 5000 g gi 00 9 delete add Vehicles day 5000 20000 g g 100 delete PSD Medium Coarse Gi Dissolved Zn High Dissolved Cu High cancel 44 ok Land covers treated can be edited by adjusting the proportion slider or by deleting or adding cover types In this example roof runoff treated by raingardens has been increased for coated galvanised steel roofs and runoff from paving removed Proportion of treated 52 BA 75 1 20 25 254 25 5 2 25 5 Paved Surfaces Proportion of treated 7 Treatment options can be changed by altering the choice in the drop down menus Here the treatment level for dissolved metals has been adjusted to low PSD Medium Coarse Gi Dissolved Zn Low Dissolved Cu EG cance
151. t 2 3 Spatial representation While C CALM does offer spatial analysis at the catchment level like CLM the model is lumped i e not spatially distributed within each SMU Quasi spatial distribution can be achieved by users supplying information on the proportion of each land cover that is served by a particular treatment option that is when a treatment option is inserted a dialogue box opens which asks users to supply information about the type and proportion of surface it treats as well as the device design and the expected level of treatment C CALM amalgamates like treatment devices into representative treatment options Thus in a catchment where arterial roads are treated with a series of filter chambers treatment would be represented by a single filter treating the proportional catchment area covered by the corresponding road class Elliott et al 2006 2009 showed using successively simplified representations of stormwater treatment in the MUSIC model Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology 2005 that treatment devices designed according to the same criteria for contributing areas with similar flow characteristics can be aggregated with little change to concentration and load calculations Their work was undertaken as part of the LIUDD project and led to the decision to aggregated treatment in C CALM The US EPA SUSTAIN model Shoemaker et al 2009 allows a similar aggregation of model treatment elements Treatment
152. t by linking options so that the C CALM 2 0 User Manual 23 contaminants remaining after up stream treatment are added as input into the next option in the network Each treatment option in the train has user defined sources entered into the dialogue box i e land cover classes and up stream loads from earlier linked treatment options Removal of dissolved metals by trains is calculated as the total load entering the train reduced by the removal efficiency of each treatment option in turn As stated in Section 2 4 for sediments C CALM routes each sediment size class through the treatment network separately and then calculates the SMU sediment load as the sum of the sediment remaining in each size class after treatment Particulate metals are divided evenly into the TSS size classes and removal calculations are made in the same way As was stated above having a range of sediment size classes means that removal of sediments in a train can be modelled more realistically than with a single sediment removal calculation For example a pond which treats road runoff from an area treated with catchpit inserts will receive a reduced load of coarse sediments compared to a pond receiving road runoff with no pre treatment The CLM load reduction factors for catchpit inserts and wet ponds road runoff given in Timperley et al 2010 are 20 and 75 respectively giving a combined TSS removal of 80 i e 20 initial removal by catchpit inserts followed by
153. t option catchpits no inserts single source In this example Figure 5 1 runoff from major roads 5000 20000 v p d from SMU 4 commercial land use coarse PSD is treated with catchpits no filter inserts PSD is coarse Land cover SMUA 10096 minor roads 10096 major roads and other surfaces Catchment contaminant load Catchpit no insert Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 1 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 4 1 Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the treatment option in this case the catchpit icon w b amp b BO O NX i 3 Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option C CALM 2 0 User Manual 55 56 New TreatmentOption Catchpit Treatment option ID bo SMU Area 895029 multiple sources Inserts Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7 z g delete aa Under the Inserts drop down menu select whether catchpits are fitted with inserts in this case no Treatment option ID DO nsen TT Roads Paved Surfaces Select the tab for the type of land cover in this example roads to be treated with the option Note catchpits are only available for roads and paved surfaces Click on the drop down menu to see the land covers available for the selected cover t
154. taminant removal for each option in order of the links Downstream treatment options can take stormwater contaminants from an upstream treatment option from a combination of land covers and upstream treatment options or with the proportion of land cover split between different treatment options More than one treatment train or combinations of treatment trains and separate options can be simulated within a SMU Trains are created by drawing a link between treatment options C CALM does not simulate the effects of peak flow reduction or attenuation on downstream removal processes 5 2 1 One to one linked options catchpits to proprietary filters train only This example Figure 5 5 is very common for reticulated stormwater networks and has been applied to SMU 5 old industrial medium PSD All of the runoff from roads and paved surfaces flows via catchpits no inserts to proprietary filters In C CALM the difference between proprietary filters and sand filters is manifested in the choice of removal efficiency here the choice of high removal is used on the assumption that the filters are adequately sized well maintained and contain an activated medium for dissolved metal removal Land cover SMU5 100 permeable 100 roofs 100 roads 100 paving Catchment Catchpits contaminant load Pre treatment Untreated Treated Figure 5 5 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 5 1 Close the output table
155. tes for a raingarden with these characteristics in the C CALM performance rules is 3896 i e a high proportion of bypass The removal efficiency for the dissolved metals is assumed to be low The wetland is assumed to have medium removal or dissolved metals has the following design parameters Land use residential mperviousness 60 representing 57 for SMU Slope to gutter 0 05 Specific area 1 5 or 50 m ha i e a pond area of around 1580 m serving 10 ha of impervious surfaces Hydraulic Efficiency 8 excellent Depth invert level 1 5 m Weir width 2 m Extended detention yes C CALM 2 0 User Manual 101 This combination gives the following treatment efficiency for TSS and particulates in the C CALM database serpere 20 122 86 75 98 100 1 100 100 1100 102 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated Click on the first upstream treatment option in this case the catchpits icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required Note that the PSD in this example for sediments from roads and paved surfaces is medium grain n New TreatmentOption Catchpit Treatment option ID be SMU Area 295363 multiple sources ers TERN Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others
156. thin a GIS platform This offers a new suite of applications by allowing spatial distribution of model inputs and outputs and a tool for geo visualization meaning that C CALM can be described as a SDSS An SDSS is an interactive model designed to support a user or group of users to make land use decisions and to solve semi structured spatial problems An SDSS also provides a tool for more effective communication between stakeholders Armstrong et al 1986 Densham 1991 The key components of an SDSS are a database management system to input store and analyse spatial data the ability to represent spatial relationships a library of sub routines that can be used to query the spatial data to forecast the possible outcome of decisions and the ability to display and report results in a variety of forms The interaction between the user and the component parts of the C CALM SDSS to test water treatment alternatives is shown in Figure 2 1 The model libraries Figure 2 2 are contained in a geospatial database and include model variables such as treatment types and the source yields in Table 2 1 and the performance rules for simulating water treatment as discussed in Section 2 5 Central to the functionality of an SDSS is the provision of tools for geo visualisation of inputs and outputs Geo visualisation MacEachren and Kraak 2001 Dykes et al 2005 for decision making requires amongst other things the ability to overview p
157. tial Information to those employees who require the information to use C CALM Prior to disclosing such Confidential Information you will advise those employees of the confidential nature of that information and ensure they agree to be bound by the obligations under this licence Upon the expiry or termination of this licence you will if requested immediately deliver up to NIWA all copies of C CALM and all associated documentation and all other Confidential Information within your power possession or control You may retain one copy for solely record keeping purposes if required to do so by the Public Records Act 2005 GENERAL You must not assign licence transfer or otherwise deal with either in whole or in part the benefit or burden of this Agreement without the prior written consent of NIWA who s consent may be withheld in its absolute discretion NIWA may from time to time in its discretion and without notice to you vary the terms of this licence and your access to C CALM Failure or delay by NIWA in enforcing any right or provision of this licence is not to be construed or deemed a waiver of such provision or right and shall not in any way prejudice NIWA s right to take subsequent action If any provision of this licence is void or unenforceable for any reason that provision shall to that extent be severed from the remaining provisions which will remain in full force and effect This licence will be governed by and cons
158. ticular treatment option Rather than modelling the stormwater network explicitly for each treatment option C CALM queries a library of performance rules which have been derived from literature or modelling depending on the option The development of these performance rules is detailed in Semadeni Davies 2008b for wetlands ponds and raingardens and Semadeni Davies 2008a for the other treatment options The use of query libraries is not without precedence in urban planning for stormwater and wastewater management and there have been several examples over recent years e g Martin et al 2007 Makropoulos et al 2008 Scholes et al 2008 The libraries allow model simplification and the addition of tacit knowledge from a variety of stakeholders particularly with respect to the relative performance of stormwater control options The original intention was to provide C CALM with a set of performance rules that had been developed using continuously run conceptual models of the treatment options to determine the long term level of treatment under a range of device designs and catchment conditions This approach would enable C CALM to have a sound theoretical modelling basis without the complexity data and user expertise required of operational urban drainage models However New Zealand high quality data suitable for model development and testing proved to be difficult to obtain Continuous data suitable for modelling was available from NIWA and
159. ticulate metal 0 6 Total metal For all other permeable surfaces Particulate metal 2 0 95 Total metal Particulate metals are divided evenly into the same size classes as T SS and removal calculations are made accordingly The partitioning for roads and paved is based on a statistical analysis of total and particulate zinc and copper median concentrations found in untreated road runoff data collected from around the country These data are held in the C CALM 2 0 User Manual 15 Urban Runoff Quality Information System underlying database Gadd et al 2013 Gadd et al 2014 The partitioning for roofs and permeable surfaces were extrapolated from analysis of Auckland stormwater Fractionation studies cited in in Semadeni Davies 2008a show conflicting results while most studies report that the highest metal contents are associated with fine particles others report that the highest metal contents are associated with larger sediments especially where the grains have high porosity or where the PSD is coarse Because of this apparent ambiguity C CALM adopts the pragmatic assumption that particulate metals are distributed evenly over all grain size classes 2 5 C CALM performance rules Removal of contaminants conveyed in stormwater through stormwater treatment is dependent on a myriad of different factors each of which are highly heterogeneous both Spatially and temporally so that there is no constant for the removal efficiency of a par
160. tional Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design Melbourne Australia Fair G M and Geyer J C 1954 Water supply Sewage disposal John Wiley and Sons New York Farm C 2002 Metal sorption to natural filter substrates for storm water treatment column studies The Science of the Total Environment 298 1 3 17 24 Fletcher T Shuster W Hunt W F Ashley R Butler D Arthur S Trowsdale S Barraud S Semadeni Davies A Bertrand Krajewski J L Mikkelsen P S Rivard G Uhl M Dagenais D and Viklander V 2014 SUDS LID BMPs WSUD and more Demystifying the terminology surrounding urban drainage Urban Water in press Gadd J Semadeni Davies A Moores J and Duessing U 2014 The Urban Runoff Quality Database and Information System Water Journal of Water New Zealand 184 21 28 Gadd J Semadeni Davies A Moores J Garton C and Trowsdale S 2013 An urban runoff database for New Zealand 8th South Pacific Stormwater Conference amp Expo Auckland New Zealand 2013 Harper S Semadeni Davies A and Elliott 5 2008 Progress on the Development of C CALM Performance Rules for Ponds Wetlands and Raingardens NIWA client report prepared for Landcare Research Ltd Hatt B E T D F and Deletic A 2007 Treatment performance of gravel filter media Implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems Water research 41 12 2513 2524 Hoyer J Dic
161. tment option ID ONE SMU Area 295363 multiple sources Catchmenttype Residential Catchment slope 0 005 Specific area 1 Depth m 0 5 New IreatmentOpti Deep percolation 0 By pass yes v Media Grain Size 1 Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Proportion of treated PSD Fine Grain Dissolved Zn Low v Dissolved Cu Low cancel b ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU C CALM 2 0 User Manual 103 11 12 13 14 15 16 104 Click on fourth treatment option in this case the wetland icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required The proportion of sediment in each size class reaching the wetland depends on the original PSD from the different sources i e medium PSD from roads and paved surfaces and fine PSD from roofs and the level of treatment for each size class in the up stream treatment options i e catchpits and filters and raingardens respectively e IF MIL DEG 1 New TreatmentOption Wetland Treatment option ID ONE SMU Area 295363 train only Catchment type Residential H Impervious surface los Fl Catchment slope 0 005 Specific area 15 Hydraulic rating 80 excellent e Invert level m L5 H Width m 2 B Extended detention Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated 7
162. trued in all respects in accordance with the laws of New Zealand and you agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the New Zealand Courts C CALM 2 0 User Manual 139 Appendix B Hypothetical land cover and treatment options This appendix gives the set up information used to produce the treatment examples given in this manual Note that the modelled land use and treatment options for the Waiarohia Catchment DO NOT reflect actual development plans for the catchment Permission to use the catchment shape files for this manual was granted by the former Waitakere City Council Chin 2009 140 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table B 1 Modelled treatment options by SMU Land use Cover c ichpit Porous Rain Swale Wet type p ru ru pM Rural Roofs ie to coarse rea tt high density EN Ros e ee t5 high density Mixed Roas v fs Y o s 0 Y s t oo Pme c p E ECCE CLE Bos o bo e b b M o y high density Coarse Ae a Ce ee ee ee ave mes e ee e Bos o s s o bh b o b b b yY Ped e e E TPE o T Jr lj ros o je fe op op b e or o 5 Old Industrial 5 2 1 Medium Roas v fy fe o o o o s o o Ped vo Jn de o gr o b o o o Medium M EN es e ce s ise e 8 de aw PRI o5 Jd je p p j 7 Old industrial 524 coarse Roads 7 p tw fe op op e li t o o Ped h ee ros e pe fe o Y op o lp o o original New Industrial 5 1 4 Medium Roads t te fe pi ee KE E Ee eee C C
163. ts with varying areas and land use these are Mission Bay residential Auckland CBD commercial and Tamaki industrial Pond wetland settling model The settling model couples a continuity equation for the pond water balance coupled to equations for quiescent and dynamic settling continuously stirred tank reactor model e g Driscoll et al 1986 to simulate flow and water treatment Wetlands are treated in the same way as ponds albeit with greater hydraulic efficiency see Appendix D The model has been tested on two stormwater ponds Silverdale and Te Atatu Once tested the catchment and settling models were run continuously with a simulation period of ten years to obtain long term removal efficiencies for inclusion in the query library Each model run represents a unique combination of parameters from an input parameter set The set of results from all possible parameter combinations defines the performance rules in the query library for ponds wetlands The input parameter set is given in Table 2 3 there are 388 800 possible combinations 48600 runs per region and within each region 16200 runs per land use category The removal efficiency ranges from around 30 to 100 which is consistent with reported values internationally e g Schueler 1992 BMP database 2012 Three examples of pond wetland performance rules are given in Figure 2 3 18 C CALM 2 0 User Manual Table 2 3 Parameter set for generating the performance rul
164. uent independent evaluation of three in situ proprietary filters undertaken by NIWA for the New Zealand Transport Agency Moores et al 2012 found that the filters tested achieved different levels of stormwater treatment and that the removal efficiency for filters varied widely from event to event The removal efficiency of TSS and dissolved copper was generally low average removals were 17 46 and 65 for TSS 26 12 and 50 for dissolved copper while removal of dissolved zinc was in the low to high range 83 23 and 66 for the three filters respectively These results reinforce the need for users to be aware of the type of filter being used the filter medium and whether the filter is adequately sized for the flow volume Users also need to be aware that the removal efficiency for one contaminant does not imply the same level of treatment for the other contaminants 2 6 Representing SMU stormwater treatment C CALM is a semi distributed model that is the model operates at the SMU or sub catchment level with spatial data lumped within each SMU Users are asked to supply the fractional area of each SMU covered by each land cover class and the proportion of runoff from each class that is served by each treatment option Treatment trains can be simulated by C CALM with the caveat that C CALM does not simulate surface flows or device hydraulics so that the effects of storage and attenuation on treatment are not taken into account Trains are buil
165. ues outputTable DissolvedCo ma e n 4 1744863 56 5924370 09 Meters es 96 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 2 6 Treatment trains with multiple links street sweeping porous paving swales generic treatment four in a row C CALM is not restricted in the number of treatment options possible in a train In this example Figure 5 10 runoff from SMU 3 high density is treated in a train with four linked options in series All of the roads are swept and roads and paved surfaces are porous Runoff from the roads and paved surfaces drains via swales to generic treatment The porous paving has medium treatment for all contaminants while swales have low levels of treatment and the generic treatment has 7596 TSS and particulate removal and 6096 removal of dissolved metals Runoff from half of the roofs is also treated in the swales and raingardens Land cover SMU3 100 roads 100 paving 50 roofs Generic Sweepin Porous pavin Swales NT treatment Pre treatment Untreated Treated 100 permeable 50 roofs Catchment contaminant load Figure 5 10 Stormwater treatment set up for SMU 3 1 Close the output table and remove the output layers from the previous run Highlight the ccalm_units shape file in the TOC to activate the treatment options and select the SMU to be simulated 2 Click on the first upstream treatment option in th
166. ulate metal removal are simulated Users are required to enter the following parameters for the performance rule query library Catchment Parameters Hesidential 2096 4096 and 6096 Commercial 60 75 and 90 Industrial 60 75 and 9096 Average gutter slope 0 005 0 01 0 03 and 0 05 Pond and Wetland Parameters Predominant land use and impervious percentage of surface area Specific area ratio of wet surface area relative to the area contributing impervious surfaces Invert level 0 5 1 0 and 1 5 m Width or width equivalent of outlet weir 1 2and3m Yes or no if yes slot weir width is set to 10 of the outlet weir width depth 30cm Hydraulic rating see Appendix Two for guide Assumed to be 8 excellent Fine medium fine medium NURP medium coarse and coarse 50 100 150 200 and gt 250 m ha expressed as fractions 0 5 1 1 5 2 and 2 5 Extended detention Particle size distribution Dissolved metal removal is user defined Removal Efficiency Dissolved Cu Dissolved Zn Lo High z New TreatmentOption Wetland Treatment option ID ms SMU Area 288887 multiple sources Catchment type Impervious surface Catchment slope Specific area X Hydraulic rating v Invert level m Width m v Extended detention Roads Roofs Paved Surfaces Others Roads Proportion of treated X J PSD v Dissolved Zn v Dissolved Cu cancel amp ok
167. um on Spatial Data Handling Williamsville Auckland Council 2013 Draft Unitary Plan Auckland Regional Council 2003 Design guideline manual stormwater treatment devices Second Edition Technical Publication TP 10 Auckland Regional Council 2010 Contaminant Load Model User Manual Auckland Regional Council Technical Report TR 2010 003 Bibby R L and Webster Brown J G 2005 Characterisation of urban catchment suspended particulate matter Auckland region New Zealand a comparison with non urban SPM Science of the Total Environment 343 177 197 Bibby R L and Webster Brown J G 2006 Trace metal absorption onto urban stream suspended particulate matter Auckland region New Zealand Applied Geochemistry 21 1135 1151 BMP database 2012 International Stormwater Best Management Practices BMP Database Pollutant Category Summary Statistical Addendum TSS Bacteria Nutrients and Metals Prepared by Geosyntec Consultants Inc and Wright Water Engineers Inc http www bmpdatabase org Brown R and Clarke J 2007 Transition to water sensitive urban design the story of Melbourne Australia Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration and National Urban Water Governance Program Melbourne Brown R Sharp L and Ashley R 2005 Implementation impediments to institutionalising the practice of sustainable urban water management 10th International Conference on Urban Drainage Copenhagen Denmark 21 26
168. using an Excel spreadsheet template Users C CALM 2 0 User Manual 5 are then able to add treatment options to each sub catchment each treatment option is customised for catchment and device characteristics and the contaminant sources Treatment trains can be simulated by C CALM with successive removals of contaminants however C CALM does not simulate surface flows or device hydraulics Running the model generates a set of display map layers and a summary table which gives the annual load for each contaminant listed by sub catchment The use of the query library means that C CALM provides flexibility in assessing the effectiveness of different stormwater treatment options Where possible the performance rules held in the query library have been derived from multiple runs of continuous simulation models of water treatment For treatment options where modelling was not possible due to lack of data for model development the performance rules were derived from evaluation of literature values of removal efficiencies For the modelled rules the performance varies by region in response to climate i e rainfall and evapotranspiration catchment type device design e g dimensions and outlet characteristics and particle size distribution The development of the performance rules is detailed in Semadeni Davies 2008 a and b and Harper et al 2008 and sensitivity analyses of the modelled results are supplied in oemadeni Davies and Harper 2008
169. vice versa using Stokes law for particles with a diameter 100 um or Rubey s equation Particle densities used in the calculations were adapted from the MUSIC model Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology 2005 and vary with particle size Having the PSDs defined according to common size classes means that sediments from different sources can be added together in a treatment train Coarse sediments are removed preferentially as treatment progresses along the train This is reflected in C CALM by having different treatment efficiencies for the different size classes in the performance rules for ponds wetlands catchpits and street sweeping C CALM routes each sediment size class through the treatment options separately and then calculates the SMU sediment load as the sum of the sediment remaining after treatment in each size class Metal partitioning and fractionation is complex and depends on the physical and chemical properties of sediments e g source material surface area texture porosity and stormwater e g pH Moreover partitioning and fractionation can change with distance from the source due to processes such as settling dissolution and absorption The processes involved are discussed with respect to C CALM in Semadeni Davies 20084 The default C CALM partitioning of metals into particulates is as follows For all roof types Particulate metal 2 0 05 x Total metal For all road types and paved surfaces Par
170. were chosen only to illustrate the use of C CALM and do not represent actual or planned water treatment The sub catchment boundaries and hypothetical land use as defined for this manual are mapped in Figure 4 1 The land cover fractions for each catchment and their treatment options are detailed in Appendix B 1 Rural 3 2 Residential high density 3 Residential high density 4 Commercial 5 Old Indust ial 6 Old Industrial i n T Old Industrial Satta 8 New Industrial MENU 2 Commercial 10 Residential low density 11 Residential low density 12 Mew Indus t ial 13 Rural 14 Rural Figure 4 1 Hypothetical land use for the Waiarohia Inlet catchment Note that the land use and treatment options given in this manual are intended to illustrate the use of C CALM and reflect neither the actual nor planned land use nor water treatment options 32 C CALM 2 0 User Manual 4 2 Importing spatial data C CALM requires SMU boundaries and land cover data to run Currently land cover data is entered using an Excel Spreadsheet template automatically generated by C CALM C_CALM must be run within a new blank map While a map document saved with the C CALM model shape files active will display these shape files and will run the outputs map will not be registered or displayed and any changes made to land use will not be updated in the database If you have other shape files you wish to display at a later date save these as
171. will appear in the SMU Click on fourth treatment option in this case the generic treatment icon Click within the SMU boundary to open the treatment set up window for the option and fill as required The generic treatment in this example takes treated water from the swales as well as half of roof runoff from poorly painted galvanised steel roofing TSS from the roofs is assumed to be fine grained Treatment option ID SMU Area 895029 multiple sources Proportion of treated g 50 PSD Fine Grain z gt Dissolved Zn 60 Dissolved Cu 60 cancel i ok Click OK the symbol for the treatment option will appear in the SMU m z ee Blb HgO Continue to add treatment options until the treatment scenario is complete Once the treatment options are in place they can be linked for form trains C CALM 2 0 User Manual 99 15 Highlight the fcadevices shape file in the TOC to activate the model tools and link the devices In this case the street sweeping porous paving swales and the generic treatment symbols are linked in series NX RX ee Run gt Q Untitled ArcMap Map TU Tere rej File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Geoprocessing Customize Windows Help DBAS AB x9 6 16 gt fs EG ET e E CEET ETHE DAT ALI 7S SAGSIO OZ tier nieve O eb IB IH ax a en m 4 a m all other values yeas eil 8oj amp 65 amp Pond Wetland
172. xt of reforms to freshwater management in New Zealand Ministry for the Environment 2013a 2013b as part of the implementation strategy for the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management Ministry for the Environment 2011 2014 ouch tools should have the ability to simulate the range of contaminants to be managed at the catchment scale and to take into account the range of land uses and mitigations present in a catchment Land and Water Forum 2012 The ability of C CALM to simulate different treatment options and land use scenarios and to present results in both map and tabular format mean that the model is well suited for use in setting and maintaining contaminant load limits to achieve water quality objectives in urban streams Further model development in this regard is ongoing Freshwater management reform in the context of urban stormwater management has been discussed in more detail by Semadeni Davies et al 2014 This manual is arranged into two parts the modelling context is discussed in Section 2 followed by instructions for using C CALM including examples of different treatment set ups Sections 3 to 6 In addition there are five appendices Software terms and conditions are appended in Appendix A Appendix B gives the model set up for the hypothetical example used to demonstrate model usage Appendix C overviews the treatment options and their performance ratings Appendix D gives guidance on how to assign hydraulic efficie
173. ype as defined for the SMU in the Excel spreadsheet ccalm units landuse xlsx and select the option required for the simulation here 5000 20000 v p d Note that an incorrect selection can be removed by clicking on the delete button This allows a new selection to be made Vehicles day 5000 20000 Use the slide counter to select the proportion of the cover type to be treated clicking on the slide will move the pointer in 5 intervals The percentage on the left hand side of the slider shows the proportion treated by the current option The percentage on the right had side of the slider in parenthesis shows the total proportion treated by all treatment options in the SMU For full treatment set the proportion of roads to be treated to 100 Proportion of treated 7 100 g 100 Vehicles day 5000 20000 The percentage on the left hand side of the slider shows the proportion treated by the current option The percentage on the right had side of the slider in parenthesis C CALM 2 0 User Manual 9 shows the total proportion treated by all treatment options in the SMU i e if there are more than one treatment option Choose the PSD of sediments reaching the treatment option Note most treatment types will require a removal rating choice high medium or low for dissolved metals these options are not available for catchpits and street sweeping which assume that dissolved metals are not treated For thi

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