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Enginomix Power Plant Library

1. EPP _W_Evaporator natural circulation evaporator integrated drum IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 2 4 EPP_W_FlowBalance Flow balancing icon for steam water streams automatically calculate makeup or overflow flow rates to balance main inlet and outlet flows EPP_W_ Header header for water and steam streams combined mixer and splitter EPP _W_Htex general purpose heat exchanger steam water on both sides EPP_W_Labyrinth labyrinth gland seal model EPP_W_ Mixer mixer for water streams EPP_W Pipe pipe for steam water streams EPP W Pump pump for water streams EPP _W_SSR steam seal regulator EPP_W_ST detailed steam turbine model for HP and IP sections with optional single extraction EPP_W_ST_ end detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with optional single extraction and exhaust loss EPP_W_ST_ end 3extr detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with two or three extractions and exhaust loss EPP_W_ST end Sex detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with four or five extractions and exhaust loss EPP_W_ Turbine steam turbine model with no extractions EPP _W_Turbine_end condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with exhaust loss and no extractions EPP_W_Valve steam water valve model EPP_W_Valve_Chest steam valve chest G_Ambient_Sink release of
2. gt To select the composition that is used in G_Stream001 1 Double click on G_Stream001 PSE opens the window for editing the data of G_Stream001 The composition field of this window shows No Selection 2 Select gas in the composition field as shown in figure 4 6 3 Click on the OK button to accept your settings IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 5 G_Stream G_Stream001 Composition No Selection KR SG 4 Funes Ka imt Ju az Je o mo was o imo Is o mo ns Le o mo wn Le P gt KR WW WWW D pop pop pp Fig 4 6 G_Stream data window Ex_01_03 pro lt Try running the calculation again Select from the Calculation menu the command Run Simulation PSE will run through the calculation phase and will return with the following message System Solution Click on the Yes button PSE opens the protocol where you find more details about the error that has occurred Scroll the protocol screen to read the following error message line SError Problem undefined 17 equations 20 variables You have to prescribe three 20 17 3 more variables in order to make your system well defined You are free to choose the variables that you prescribe as long as the prescriptions are not mutually exclusive IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 6 Ex_01_04 pro lt Ex_01_05 pro lt If the difference between equations and variables is
3. 275 10 10 573 36 10 10 133 28 0 969 640 0 968 524 87 0 9671 259 76 0 9661 126 91 g s Mika p bar HO Figure 4 17 Results for Heat recovery steam generator example model Before moving on import the estimates for this model Calculate Import Estimates command and save it EX_06_03 pro IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 40 Example 7 Integrating Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam Cycle In this example you create a simplified model of a combined cycle Instead of creating the model from scratch you will integrate the models from the previous examples into one single model You will use the models from the examples 3 5 and 6 Figure 4 18 shows the completed model of the combined cycle mass kg s _h kJ kg EI Pipo VO x G a o YH o CG Figure 4 18 Combined cycle created from other examples The first step is to add the gas turbine model to the new project You have two options to do that e Open the gas turbine model EX_05_04 PRO and save it under a new name or e Open anew project and activate the project saved in EX_05_04 PRO Select all objects in EX_05_04 PRO and copy them into the new project Since the new project will contain more components than the previous ones you will want to change the scale or the page size before continuing on to the next step Ex_07_01 pro lt
4. IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 41 Next step add the heat recovery steam generator that you have created in example 6 gt To add the heat recovery steam generator to the current project 1 Open project Ex_06_04 PRO and select all the stream and heat exchanger objects don t select the G_Monitor_Ambient icon if you already copied one into the model with the gas turbine model icons 2 Copy them via the Copy command of the Edit menu or by pressing the CTRL C key 3 Activate the window that displays the new project you are building 4 Paste the copied objects via the Paste command of the Edit menu or by pressing CTRL V PSE displays the following two messages OP Global EXHAUST_GAS of type G_Composition already exists add new global 2 Global AMBIENT of type ambient already exists add new global 5 For each message click on the No button The project will then use the EXHAUST_GAS composition and the AMBIENT global objects from the gas turbine model for the heat recovery steam generator as well 6 Delete the G_Sink terminating the exhaust gas flow stream from the gas turbine and the OD Source icon that starts the gas flow into the HRSG icons when you delete these icons you are also deleting the set variables that were set in each of them Delete the now unconnected gas stream entering the HRSG and then connect the exhaust of the gas turbine to the inlet of the superheater
5. You have to set sixteen 160 144 16 more variables in order to make this system well defined Remember that you are free to choose the variables that you want to set as long as the variables you select are not dependent on each other First set the inlet stream conditions For the G_Source icon set the temperature to 640 C and the mass flow to 10 kg s the pressure will be controlled by the G_Ambient_Sink icon terminating the gas stream along with the pressure drop settings in the intervening heat exchanger In the W_ Source icon set the temperature to 50 C and the pressure to 40 bar the mass flow will be determined by the HRSG performance Use the following settings or something similar for the heat exchanger icons superheater gas dp EPP OG W_Htex001 dp_hot steam dp EPP_G_W_Htex001 dp_cold heat loss EPP OG W_Htex001 heat_loss steam exit temp EPP OG W_ Htex001 t_exit_cold evaporator gas dp EPP_W_Evaporator001 dp_hot 0 001 water inlet dp to drum EPP OG W_Htex002 dp_cold 0 0 heat loss EPP_W_Evaporator001 heat_loss 1 pinch delta temp EPP_W_Evaporator001 dt_pinch 10 C approach delta temp EPP_W_Evaporator001 dt_app G economizer gas dp EPP OG W_Htex002 dp_hot 0 001 water dp EPP_G_W_Htex002 dp_cold 0 01 heat loss EPP OG W_Htex002 heat_loss 1 You can now run the model and it should converge The results should be something like this 1 683 212 77 39 6 249 76 39 6 242 76 1 683 3595 3 39 2
6. Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 steam turbine ce ceeeceeeceteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 4 10 4 17 4 22 Structural singularity sispann E 4 7 Sulfur diOXid S inae E dan ee 3 3 T typographical conventions 1 3 U UNIT ICOM gies bes caasicek E A 1 3 4 10 Page Index 2
7. M update estimate limit gt gt MV update estimate limit gt gt Iw update estimate limit gt gt Iw update estimate limit gt gt Iw update estimate limit gt gt Iw update estimate limit gt gt M update ei C3H8 si ei a ei ei ei 7 e e al k bo k b k b o s b k b k b ss 9 s b s b o pS k El k Im k Ld k Ee k Fig 3 2 Composition window correct settings for pure O2 oxygen IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 5 Figure 3 3 shows a frequent mistake that is made when defining the compositions The oxygen O2 component is set to 1 0 but the remaining components are undefined G_Composition Name oxygen Cancel WATER C k E jo E Jo C Jo E Jo Self estimate limit gt gt IV update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update limit gt gt M update E C E e g E C C a e e we wg e e MV update limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt I update Fig 3 3 Composition window wrong settings for pure O2 oxygen Using a Composition in a Stream In PSE you can define a composition for each gas stream inyour process However inst
8. Open EXHAUST_GAS for editing l IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 38 EX_06_01 pro lt EX_06_02 pro lt 9 All values are estimates Change the estimate values for the mass fractions to set values except for N2 by clicking on the set button Click on OK to finish EXHAUST_GAS is now ready for use In this HRSG model we want to include an ambient global object so we can set the HRSG exhaust pressure to ambient conditions As we did with the gas composition object we can copy a G_Monitor Ambient icon from another model which will automatically copy the corresponding ambient object as well Open example Ex_05_05 pro again and copy the ambient icon from that model to your project Now add the heat exchanger and sink source icons to your project You will need two EPP_G_W_Htex icons for the superheater and economizer an EPP_W_Evaporator icon for the evaporator a W_Sink icon a W_Source icon a G_Source icon and wel use a G_Ambient_Sink icon to terminate the gas stream Place these icons on your model diagram and connect the streams as shown in Fig 4 16 You will need to rotate the W_Sink and W_ Source icons to make them look like the model in Fig 4 16 Also when you select the EPP O W_Htex icons and the EPP_W_ Evaporator icons note that there are two different graphical icons for these icons available in the toolbar These graphical icons only differ in the orientation of the inlet and out
9. You should now have a fully working project as shown below IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 42 EX_07_02 pro lt EX_07_03 pro 0 2245 31 132 0 2245 31 132 11 15 11 15 im T 1 69 2801 1 1 69 1050 8 1 69 212 77 10 22 1411 1 169 3595 3 39 6 249 76 39 6 242 76 sa 50 3 651 1200 a2 10 332 45 i 3 661 323 55 oa a2 10 22 701 5 ial 10 22 568 93 10 22 276 10 22 1 i 0 969 631 92 0 968 519 19 0 9671 259 76 0 9661 1 Figure 4 19 Combined gas turbine and HRSG models As the last step add the steam cycle from example 3 saved as Ex_03_03 pro Delete the W_Boiler icon from the steam cycle section and the W_Sink and W_ Source icons going into and out of the HRSG section You will also need to delete two of the W_Streams just delete the two that were connected to the W_Sink and W Source icons you just deleted Then connect the unconnected streams that were connected to the W_Boiler icon to the HRSG model to the inlet of the economizer and the exit of the superheater Before you can run the integrated combined cycle model you will need to remove two of the settings in the steam turbine section since those values will now be determined by the other sections of the model The following are the most likely settings you would need to remove temperature of steam entering the steam turbine power setting on the stea
10. 1 017 04 Page 4 26 To set the fuel composition we could similarly edit the FUEL object to set the fuel mass fractions But instead of doing that we can set the fuel mole fractions in the G_Monitor001 icon The G_Monitor icon includes equations linking the mole fractions to the mass fractions so by setting mole fractions in this icon we are essentially setting the mass fractions in the connecting gas streams Set the inputs for the fuel stream in the G_Monitor001 icon as shown here EPP_G Monitor Name CaA Model total_moles molefrac_CH4 molefrac_C2H6 molefrac_C3H8 molehtac AR molefrac_CO molefrac_CO2 molefrac_H20 molefrac_H2S molefrac_H2 molefrac_N2 molefrac_02 molefrac_SO2 molefrac_sum MW LHY HHY LHY_Btu HHY _Btu HHY_SCF Cancel EPP_G_Monitor moles mol mol oW E co mol mol gt i mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol mol kg kmol kJ kg kJ kg Btu Ibm Btu Ibm ps a ee ps P e o eo CE P Btu SCF Y estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate update limit gt gt limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt g
11. a gas stream at ambient pressure G_Ambient_Source source for a air stream at ambient conditions DG Analyzer gas analyzer gives detailed information on gas composition G_Condenser gas condenser G_Connector connector for closed gas stream loops IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 2 5 G_Gas_Turbine gas turbine with optional GT correction curves G Mixer mixer for gas streams G_Pipe pipe for gas streams G_Sink sink for a gas stream G_ Source source for a gas stream G Splitter splitter for gas streams G Stream _to stream transition piece to convert from G_Streams to streams G_Valve valve for gas streams W_Boiler simple steam boiler W_Connector connector for closed steam water loops W Cooling Tower dr dry cooling tower W_Cooling Tower_wet wet cooling tower W_Deaerator deaerator W_G Htex heat exchanger with steam water on hot side and gas on cold side W_Preheater preheater feedwater heater W_Preheater2 preheater feedwater heater with drain cooler zone W_Preheater3 preheater feedwater heater with both desuperheating and drain cooler zones W_ Separator water steam separator W_Sink sink for a water stream W_ Source source for a water stream W_ Splitter splitter for water streams W_Stream_to_stream transition piece to change from W_ St
12. at the top of each icon and the exit extraction port exit_extr as at the bottom If we rotate the bottom of the two icon representations shown above the icon will be oriented to match that shown in Figure 4 7 so that is the icon representation we want in this example In the icon graphics displayed in the on line help file the labeling of the connecting terminals on each icon also helps to illustrate which connections are required or optional and whether or not there are multiple locations for that connection If a connection is optional you can use that component in your project without connecting a stream to that connection if a connection is required you must connect a stream to that connection in order to use that component model Connections which are optional are displayed in square brackets such as exit_extr above Connections which are required are displayed without brackets such as drain above Some connections have more than one location available on the icon but you can only connect one of them at a time If a connection has more than one location it is displayed in italics such as the feed connection above If a connection has only one possible location it is not displayed in italics such as drain above IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 12 EX_02_01 proe IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library When you draw a process model PSE creates a unique name for each
13. chemical compositions are not part of the gas streams that are available to connect the units using G_Stream connections The streams reference separate compositions which are available in the library This way all streams with the same composition reference one single composition This is illustrated by figure 3 1 G_ Stream G_ Stream G_ Stream G_STREAM001 G STREAMO002 G STREAM003 composition GAS_COMP Fig 3 1 Streams and compositions The advantage of this approach is that a stream can represent any flow of a medium that is available in the physical properties database It does not matter if the stream represents the flow of air combustion gases or natural gas As a consequence also the library components can be used on a general basis Compositions are implemented as global objects Compositions are defined in terms of their mass fractions Each mass fraction is represented by a variable If the variable CO2 of a composition is equal 0 5 this means that 50 percent of the mass of the composition is CO3 The next section explains how you can define a composition in PSE Defining a Gas Stream Composition gt To define a composition you do the following 1 Choose from menu Objects the command New Global Object to create the composition Once you have created the composition you can open it for editing 2 Edit the composition just created by using the command Edit Global Object of the Objects menu See more detai
14. designed using the Model Development Kit MDK of IPSEpro allowed the creation of extremely powerful component models About this Manual This documentation describes the Enginomix Power Plant Library for IPSEpro to be used in PSE projects It provides information for both new and experienced users of PSE For a comprehensive description about PSE refer to the IPSEpro PSE User Manual If you are a new user you find in this documentation a series of examples created with the Enginomix Power Plant Library These examples explain you how to set up a power plant model It also shows how the system reacts on the most frequent input errors If you are an experienced user of PSE you find in this documentation information about some aspects that are specific to the Enginomix Power Plant Library This manual contains six chapters as described below Chapter introduces the Enginomix Power Plant Library and establishes the assumptions and conventions used in this documentation Chapter 2 describes the design considerations and the available components of the Enginomix Power Plant Library Chapter 3 provides information about the physical properties and the chemical compositions used in the Enginomix Power Plant Library IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 1 1 Chapter 4 shows various examples of process models in PSE using the Enginomix Power Plant Library Chapter 5 explains how you can use the models availabl
15. exit Part of a set of special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP_GT_Expander turbine expander section model Part of a set of special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP OT Generator electric generator Part of a set of special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP_G Bellmouth bellmouth gas turbine inlet EPP_G Chiller gas chiller EPP_G Combustor combustion chamber model with fuel specified by chemical composition gaseous fuels EPP OG Inlet Diffuser inlet diffuser for gas turbine combustor inlet EPP_G_ Compressor gas compressor EPP Oo Compressor_extr general compressor model with extraction connections and off design modeling capability EPP_G Expander gas turbine expander section model EPP_G Exit Diffuser exit diffuser model for gas turbine exit EPP G Fan fan for gas streams EPP Oo Htex general purpose heat exchanger for gas streams EPP_G Monitor gas monitor icon for calculating and setting gas stream properties EPP CG W Double Hex heat exchanger with gas stream on hot side and two water steam streams on two cold side EPP G W Hie heat exchanger with gas stream on hot side and water steam stream on cold side EPP_G_W_Injector injection cooler for injecting water stream in to gas stream EPP Gearbox gearbox IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04
16. for the rotor inlet gas conditions This stream represents the gas flow at the point after we mix the stator cooling flow with the gas entering the expander section You must set the gas composition reference for the rotor_inlet gas stream in the EPP_G Expander dialog itself In this example since we did not connect the cooling ports for this expander icon the rotor_inlet gas has the same composition as the gas entering the expander icon so we just set the reference for the rotor inlet stream to EXHAUST_GAS as shown here EDD CG Expander Name EPP_G_Expander001 rotor_inlet EXHAUST_GAS e No Selection Model EPP_G_Expander AIR EXHAUST GAS FUEL speed 600 RPM estimate PR ei estimate limit gt gt Iw update ei eta m estimate limit gt gt M update ei gaz estimate limit gt gt Iw update eta estimate limit gt gt MV update ei shaft_power estimate limit gt gt Vv update Z G mech Joss estimate limit gt gt Iw update estimate limit gt gt MV update estimate limit gt gt M update Q exp_power ei delta_h_s gt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ee o D IW IW DR ER Do Jew e E xr D delta_h ei estimate limit gt gt IV update IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 33 EX_05_01 pro lt After you have loaded the default values for the model and set the references for all of the new streams and the expander rotor_inlet internal
17. menu choose the Import Estimates command This replaces the default estimates with the results obtained in step 1 3 Remove the setting for lambda change it to an estimate and set the combustor exit temperature to 1200 C and re run The model should now converge EX_04_05 pro lt IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 31 Example 5 Gas Turbine gt Ke Figure 4 15 Gas turbine model In this section you will create a simple gas turbine model You will also use an object to represent the ambient conditions and link the air source to those ambient conditions Instead of starting a completely new project you can modify the model stored in EX_04_ 05 PRO as a starting point Open this model and save it under a new name before you start modifying it Add the icons for the compressor EPP O Compressor expander EPP OG Expander generator EPP_Generator and make the stream and shaft connections as shown in Figure 4 15 Remember to use the Object Free Connection command CTRL F to free up a stream connection to an icon so you can connect it to a different icon After adding the new icons for the gas turbine model choose the Objects Load Default Values command to load the defaults Make sure you choose the option for all objects if you had an object on the diagram selected when you chose this command as shown here Default values Load default values Cancel for selected object Over
18. object 4 Open the AJR object Object Edit Global Object and remove all the settings there change the set variables to estimates You should now be able to run the model and it should converge IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 36 To make it more convenient to access and quickly modify the settings in an ambient global object you can also add an EPP_Monitor_Ambient icon to your project and link it to the AMBIENT global object you created gt To link an AMBIENT object to a EPP_Monitor_Ambient icon 1 Insert an EPP Montor Ambient icon onto your model diagram CG 2 Open the dialog for the EPP_Monitor_Ambient icon and select AMBIENT for the AmbientConditions reference this should be the only option to select 3 Set altitude altitude to 400m temperature t to 15 C and relative humidity phi to 60 4 Open the AMBIENT object Object Edit Global Object and remove all the settings there change the set variables to estimates You should now be able to run the model and it should converge You should now be able to run the model and it should converge Now when you want to change the ambient conditions for your model you can just click on the EPP Montor Ambient object and quickly access the ambient inputs EX_05_05 pro lt IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 37 Example 6 Heat Recovery Steam Generator In this example you will create a model of a heat
19. of the other as shown here GI Multiple graphical icons are included for some components in EPP_Lib simply to help you arrange your model diagram The stream connections model equations and variables are always identical for all of the icon representations for a given component You can choose whichever icon looks best depending on how you want to arrange the graphics for your model diagram In this example we would choose the EPP_W_Condenser icon on the left if we want our model diagram to look like the sample diagram in Figure 4 7 For some of the component models you need to include in this simple example you may find several different components in the icon palette which might be the one you re looking for For example if you need to add a steam turbine to your model until you are more familiar with all of the component models available in EPP_Lib you may puzzle over which steam turbine component you should choose In this tutorial example we have told you which steam turbine component to include EPP_W_ST but you will need to familiarize yourself with the available component models to understand which one to include in other projects you want to build depending on what your requirements are IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 10 All of the available component models were listed in the table in Chapter 2 Library Overview Here are the steam turbine component models listed in that table along with their
20. or leakage stream at the exit of that steam turbine and that connection is optional As displayed in the icon palette the primary exit steam connection is on the top of the icon and the exit extraction leakage port is at the bottom Therefore if you want the primary steam exit port for your selected steam turbine component to be on the bottom of the icon when it s placed on your diagram as in Figure 4 7 you will need to select one of the icons and rotate it when you place it in your model diagram To make your model diagram to look like that shown in Figure 4 7 select the EPP_W_ST icon on the right in the icon palette and rotate it so the primary steam exit connection is on the bottom IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 11 To learn about the different connections used for a given EPP_Lib component and the various icon representations available and how the connection terminals are oriented you should review the on line help file for the library For example if you open the on line help file for EPP Lib and click on the link for the EPP_W_ ST component under Available units the following graphic is displayed which can help you choose which icon representation will work best in your model These are the two icon representations included for the EPP_W_ST component model displayed side by side on the icon palette in PSE From this graphic we can see that the primary steam exit port drain is
21. respective icons displayed in the icon palette in PSE EPP W ST detailed steam turbine model for HP and IP sections with optional single extraction EPP_W_ST end detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with optional single extraction and exhaust loss EPP_W_ST _ end _3extr detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with two or three extractions and exhaust loss S EPP W ST end Sextr detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with four or five extractions and exhaust loss EPP_W_Turbine simplified steam turbine model with no extractions EPP_W_Turbine_ end detailed condensing steam turbine model for LP sections with exhaust loss and no extractions E When selecting the icon you want to use for one of the steam turbine components you will also need to familiarize yourself with the connecting terminal stream locations on those icons because otherwise you may not select the best icon representation for the model you are trying to build For example there are two icon representations for many of the steam turbine components in EPP_Lib as shown in the above table The reason for this is that at the back end of those steam turbine components there are two different kinds of exit streams one is the primary exit steam stream which must be connected in any model where you are using that component model The other exit stream is for an extraction
22. temperature G_Source002 t Combustor air pressure drop EPP OG Combustor001 delta_p 0 01 bar combustion EPP OG Combustor001 etacomb 0 9999 efficiency radiation loss EPP CG Combustor001 rad_loss 0 002 air fuel ratio EPP CG Combustor001 lambda 3 0 If you start the system solution with this data PSE will try to solve the model but may not be able to converge depending on whether you previously loaded default values and the values you may have entered for other estimates as you built the model If the model converges the first time you can skip some of the following discussions but before moving on to Example 5 make sure go through the discussion at the end of this section on modifying the combustor settings to use exit temperature as an input If your model does not converge open the protocol and check the messages and you may see messages similar to those shown here SEN B x rd IPSEpro PSE Ex_04_03 pro Default Protocol Zuel Hi exceeds minimum x 1635360324847205400000 000000 1000000000000000000000 000000 fuel CO2 exceeds minimum x 1635360324847205900000 000000 1000000000000000000000 000000 fuel CO exceeds minimum x 1635360324847203800000 000000 1000000000000000000000 000000 fuel CH4 exceeds maximum x 12742641509646624000000 000000 1000000000000000000000 000000 fuel AR exceeds minimum x 1635360324847205900000 000000 xmin 1000000000000000000000 000000 fuel C2H6 exceeds maximum x 2964
23. time For example SHIFT F1 means you press and hold down SHIFT while you press F1 A period between key names means that the keys must be pressed sequentially For example ALT E O means you first press and release ALT then press and release E and finally press O Mouse Techniques In the description of mouse operations the following expressions are used Primary mouse button Typically the left button of your mouse is the primary button Since left handed users can swap the mouse buttons in Windows this button is called the primary mouse button and not the left button Secondary mouse button Typically this is the right button of your mouse For the same reasons mentioned above this button is called the secondary mouse button Click If you are instructed to click on a particular object you place the cursor on this object press the primary mouse button and release it immediately Double click To double click on an object place the cursor on this object and press the primary mouse button twice If the two clicks happen within a certain period Windows interprets this as a double click Drag For dragging you press the primary mouse button and move the mouse while you keep down the button When you have finished the operation release the primary mouse button again IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 1 4 Installing the EPP Library You received the Enginomix Power Plant Library as a compres
24. you may create a system that is mathematically incorrect The consequences are usually convergence problems Units that Do Not Change Compositions The majority of the units in the Enginomix Power Plant Library do not change the chemical composition in a stream They simply use the composition of the attached stream to calculate the required physical properties See figure 3 4 for an illustration Stream mat Stream Composition Fig 3 4 Units that do not change compositions IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 7 Streams that are attached to a unit that does not change the composition must always reference the same composition Mixing Streams If you mix two gas streams of different given compositions and of different given mass flows the product is a third composition The mixer model of the Enginomix Power Plant Library takes into account the composition from the input streams and their respective mass flows to calculate the mixed composition Therefore you must not prescribe the composition of the product stream If you do so you will create an over determined system that will usually not converge However if the same composition is used by the streams that are connected to the mixer the mixer model takes into account this situation and delivers the same composition as a product Hence it is also possible to use mixers together with one single composition used by all streams IPSEpro Enginomix Pow
25. 555011254715400000 000000 errx 16 6544 errf 7 9036le 021 xmax 1000000000000000000000 000000 Error Newton Group not converged System solution finished Warning Test condition for G Composition satisfied tminAR AR lt 0 0 Warning satisfied tmaxC2H6 Test condition for G Composition C2H6 gt 1 0 Warning satisfied tminC3H8 Test condition for G_Composition C3H8 lt 0 0 Warning satisfied tmaxCH4 Test condition for G Composition CH4 gt 1 0 satisfied Warning Test condition for G Composition rn e D Dn tminn Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 28 In this example the PSE numeric solver is having trouble solving for the chemical composition of the fuel object likely because we specified mass fractions in the G_Monitor icon but may not have provided good enough initial guesses or limits for the calculations of the fuel mass fractions In situations such as these involving calculation of gas compositions and chemical reactions it often helps to provide reasonable initial guesses for the fuel mass fractions and to place limits on the values To help PSE find the solution use the Objects Edit Global Object command to edit the FUEL global object and provide initial guesses for the mass fractions as shown below You don t need to provide precise estimates but it helps if they at least similar to what the resulting fractions will be use appropriate estimates for fuel gas and air for ex
26. IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 2 By drawing the process scheme you have already set up the major part of the model What is still missing is specifications for the stream properties and icon equipment data If you start the simulation now you will receive the following error message AA G_Stream001 name for reference Composition missing Fig 4 2 Error message for undefined composition object After you have acknowledged the message by clicking on the OK button PSE opens the data window of G Stream001 If you have not tried to run the calculation you can open the data window of G_Stream001 by double clicking on the connection that you have drawn However since you have not yet defined any compositions you must close this data dialog window to create the composition object first You close the dialog window by clicking on its OK button Ex_01_01 pro lt gt To create a gas composition object 1 From menu Objects select the command New Global Object PSE opens the window shown in figure 4 3 2 Select G_Composition as the type of the global object and enter gas in the name field Click on the OK button to create the new composition New Global Object Global type ambient composition fuel_ composition G_Composition G_ W_Stream Global_GT_Data L hidiraantian sl Name GAS Cancel Fig 4 3 Dialog for creating new global objects Ex_01_02 pro lt IPSEpro Engi
27. Ol Re eS 4 Select from the Objects menu the command New Data Frame Choose that the data frame has 3 columns and one row Click in the workspace of your project window to place the data frame The data frame has three cells Select the first cell and type Efficiency Select the second cell Type Then click on the EPP_Generator icon PSE displays a list with all variables of the generator Select power from the list PSE inserts the string EPP_Generator001 power in the cell 8 Type the division operator Click on the W_Boiler icon and select heat_input from the list of variables PSE inserts the string W_Boiler001 heat_input in the cell 10 Type the multiplier operator followed by 100 0 to convert the fraction to a percent 11 Select the third cell and type to show that the calculated value is a percentage IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 15 12 Click on an unused area of the workspace As soon as the data frame cell is deselected it evaluates the equation entered and displays the result EX_02_04 proe You can now try to prescribe different variables You can for example prescribe the heat input to the cycle instead of the electrical power output Do this by prescribing the variable heat_input for the boiler instead of power for the generator EX_02_05 proe IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 16 Example 3 Design Mod
28. Page 2 3 EPP Generator electric generator EPP HA CoolingTower cooling tower using special humid air gas streams to cool water stream humidifying and heating gas stream EPP_HA Fan fan for humid air streams EPP_HA Inlet icon to convert general gas stream to special humid gas stream EPP_HA Outlet icon to convert special humid gas stream back to general gas stream EPP_Monitor_Ambient display and set ambient conditions from the flowsheet EPP Motor electric motor EPP Plant Summary calculate and display power plant summary variables EPP _W_Attemperator spray attemperator spray water into steam stream to control temperature EPP_W_Bidir Mixer mixer for water streams that allows flow in either direction negative flow rates permitted EPP_W _ Bidir_ Splitter splitter for water streams allows flow in either direction negative flow rates permitted EPP_W _ Boiler pulverized coal boiler EPP_W_Bushing steam turbine bushings EPP_W_Chiller water chiller EPP_W_Condenser water cooled steam condenser EPP_W_Condenser_ACC air cooled steam condenser EPP W Data Input data controller for steam water streams using data info stream connection EPP_W_Data_Xmitter data source from steam water streams generates data info signals EPP W Drum drum separator saturated vapor and saturated liquid exit streams
29. ample In this case we ve just entered an estimate of 1 0 for the mass fraction of CH4 and 0 for all the other species G_Composition A D E KI e eee CA A A A A A CC S L L L L L L L d L L d S AS Zelt IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 29 EX _04_04 pro lt From this same dialog you should also set lower and upper limits for the mass fraction to be 0 0 and 1 0 respectively these may already have been set when you loaded the default values for the model To set the mass fraction limits click on the imit gt gt button next to each of the mass fraction variables and enter the limiting values as shown here G_Composition FUEL Limit Similarly you should also set initial estimates and limits for the GAS object For this object you can just estimate that the combustion products are 0 5 CO2 and 0 5 N2 and set the limits for all of the mass fraction variables to 0 and 1 If you run the model again after these changes it still may not converge In problems like this where we are trying to determine the fuel mass flow rate based on desired combustor exit temperature it can also help if we provide reasonable estimates for the mass flow rates of the major streams The default estimates provided for mass flow is 1 0 kg s In this model we set the inlet air flow rate to 10 kg s so it will help the model converge if we estimate the exhaust gas flow rate G_Stream004 m
30. ample you will create a source and a sink that are connected by a gas stream You will learn how you define a chemical composition You will also see how PSE reacts on incorrect input After you have created a new empty project draw the scheme as shown in figure 4 1 Fig 4 1 Gas Stream flowsheet gt To draw the scheme shown in figure 4 1 do the following 1 Click on the G_Source icon in the icon palette When you move the cursor over the PSE workspace to your project window it takes the shape of the icon selected Click at the position where you want to place the source icon Place a G_Sink icon in your project window in the same way Make sure that the sink icon remains selected Press CTRL R to rotate the sink icon counter clockwise by 90 Click on the open box that marks the connection terminal at the tip of the arrow shaped representing the gas source By doing this you start the connection drawing mode 6 Start drawing your connection Click wherever you want the connection to make a corner note that PSE automatically shifts the last corner you make before connecting to another terminal so that the last corner remains at a right angle 7 Click on the box that marks the connection terminal of the sink PSE terminates the connection drawing mode and attaches the connection to the sink PSE automatically creates a name for each of the objects To display the names choose the command Object Names from the menu View
31. ass to be 10 kg s rather than the default estimate of 1 0 After changing this estimated value you can now rerun the model and it should converge without any errors or warnings IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 30 Instead of specifying the air fuel ratio lambda you may want to set the combustor exit temperature If you simply replace the setting of the air ratio with a setting of the combustor exit temperature as in the following dialog where we have chosen 1200 C as our desired combustor exit temperature you will probably find that PSE will not be able to solve the system EPP_G Combustor EPP_G_Combustor 01 Co EPP_G_Combustor imt Is imo Lie o imo Is wn Is imt Is o mo Je zz Lie wn Is imt Is zz Lie imt Is D 1 D fh i200 oo 3 a UR a 9 d g 9 9 9 S d g e eek amp 2 The reason PSE cannot find a solution when we change the combustor inputs in this way is because the estimated values currently stored in the model are not good enough to enable the solver to find the solution We need to improve the estimates the solver is using to help it find the right solution We could enter new estimates manually but with IPSEpro it is more efficient to update the estimates in the following way gt To update the estimates 1 Change the combustor inputs back set lambda to 3 0 and estimate t_exit and re run the simulation 2 From the Calculation
32. ation file using any program that supports the rich text format files with the rtf extension The on line help file can be accessed directly from PSE This file contains the same information of the hardcopy documentation about the library component models The following table lists all units that are available in the Enginomix Power Plant Library Unit Name Description EPP Data Stream_Splitter splitter for data info streams EPP Fuel Smk sink for a fuel_ stream EPP Fuel Source source for a fuel_ stream EPP Fuel Water Mixer mixer for fuel and water to create a fuel_water stream to feed to further processing equipment EPP Fuel Water Pump pump for fuel_water stream fuel water mixture EPP GT Combustor combustion chamber model with fuel as chemical composition Part of a set of special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP_GT_Compressor General off design compressor model Part of a set of IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 2 2 special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP GT Cooling Air Mixer 1 virtual cooling air mixer for GT stator Part of a set of special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP GT Cooling Air Mixer 2 virtual mixer for cooling air into gas turbine hot gas flow Part of a set of special GT icons not recommended for general use EPP_GT_Exit Diffuser diffusor models for gas turbine
33. ays off Before proceeding further this is a good time to load default values Choose the Objects Load Default Values command to load defaults and estimated values for the icons and streams IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 25 The next step is to enter inputs for the stream properties icon settings and gas compositions that need to be input by the user for this model We can start by setting the desired composition of the air stream that is going into the combustor icon Use the Objects Edit Global Object command and select the AJR object to bring up the dialog for editing the air composition Remember that when setting gas compositions we must leave one composition unspecified since the model includes an equation to set the sum of the mass fractions to 1 0 Therefore if we want our air composition to be 24 O2 and 76 N2 we could enter the air composition data as shown here G_Composition x 0 8 082 E 8 OG H S ed ed fed 9 te fed 9 fed 9 L SW Ei y 2 WH RE i JE JEE Jg JE t E Note that we have estimated the desired N2 mass fraction as 0 76 set the O2 mass fraction to 0 24 and set all of the other mass fractions to 0 We also changed the estimate for WATER to 0 although since this is a G_Composition stream the model calculations will automatically force the WATER mass fraction to 0 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev
34. bar t 500 0 C G_Sink G_Sink001 mass 1 0 kg s However if you try to set the mass flow at both the sink and source PSE will generate an error called a structural singularity To see this error in your example model set the variable mass at the sink to 1 0 and remove the setting for the temperature IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 7 If you run the example again PSE now writes the following error message to the protocol SError System structurally singular 1 equations depending Variable G Stream s can not be calculated G Source G Source001 equation f mass is redundant Redundant equation contains the following variables G Stream001 mass IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 8 Example 2 Simple Steam Cycle This example explains the steps that you must take to set up a model for the simple steam cycle shown in figure 4 7 In this example you will learn about specific aspects of closed cycles and details about some of the key steam cycle equipment models Note that when you use IPSEpro in your work you will rarely start a new project model completely from scratch Almost always you will modify existing projects you created earlier or from the sample library to match your new requirements With this approach you will save a considerable amount of time particularly for larger more complex projects Fig 4 7 Simple steam cycle flowsheet Figure 4 7 shows the steam cy
35. ber to set the pressure of the bleed stream either at the exit of the first turbine section or the inlet of the second turbine section Off Design Model The major difference between design and off design or part load calculations is that you need to use more detailed unit models for the latter While it is possible to use the detailed models for calculating the off design independently from a design calculation it is more efficient to base off design calculations on the design case e Design cases typically require fewer input data Results from the design case are often used as inputs to the off design cases e A design case typically does not need initial estimates but off design cases often do The results of the design calculation can be usually be used as good initial estimates for the off design cases For these reasons IPSEpro off design calculations should always be based on a design simulation You use PSE s concept of datasets to establish the relationship between design and off design process models Refer to the IPSEpro PSE documentation for more details about managing datasets IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 18 Dataset Manager Active dataset Update source Default 0 independent data set Available datasets Cancel New gt gt Edit gt gt eS Se EES TE Display tree Activate dataset Figure 4 11 Dataset manager The recommended procedure i
36. cal efficiency EPP_Generator001 eta_el 0 985 mechanical efficiency EPP Generator001 eta_m 1 compressor mechanical efficiency EPP OG Compressor001 eta_m isentropic efficiency EPP OG Compressor001 eta_s pressure ratio EPP_G Compressor001 pressure_ratio expander mechanical efficiency EPP OG Expander001 eta_m 1 isentropic efficiency EPP O Expander001 eta_p 0 9 exhaust exit pressure G_Sink001 p 1 bar Note that besides the inputs needed for the new icons we also needed to set the exit pressure from the expander section IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 34 Now run the model and check the protocol to see if you need to make any changes to other parts of the model If you left the other model inputs the same as they were in the previous example the model will likely not converge and you will see the following error and messages in the protocol after you run F IPSEpro PSE Ex_05_01 pro Default Protocol DER E Fie View Search Options Windows Help Depp e EPP_G Combustor001 delta exceeds minimum x 4 990000 xmin 0 000000 errx 4990 errf 4 99 EPP_G Combustor001 delta_p fuel exceeds minimum x 4 990000 xmin 0 000000 errx 4990 errf 4 99 EPP_G Combustor001 delta_p fuel exceeds minimum x 4 990000 xmin 0 000000 errx 4990 errf 4 99 EPP G Combustor001 delta_p fuel exceeds minimum x 4 990000 xmin 0 000000 errx 4990 errf 4 99 System solution fini
37. cle project that you will create in this example Note that this steam cycle is in a closed loop This requires some additional considerations During the solution of the model equations the mass balances for each of the units is calculated among other things With a closed cycle one of the mass balance equations is redundant since it is automatically satisfied Figure 4 8 illustrates this situation for a pair of pipes connected on both ends note that in this figure the two mass balance equations in the two pipe icon models are essentially identical IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 9 Fig 4 8 Mass balances for a closed cycle In order to remove the redundant mass balance from a closed cycle model you must include a connection element somewhere in the closed loop as shown in the sample model in figure 4 8 Now construct the model diagram as shown in Figure 4 8 You will need to insert the following icons into your model diagram Water Steam boiler W_ Boiler Steam turbine EPP W ST Steam condenser EPP_W_Condenser Water pump EPP W Pump Water Steam connector icon W_ Connector Electrical generator EPP Generator Water Steam source W_Source Water Steam sink W_ Sink As you scroll through the icon palette in PSE you will see that many of the component models in EPP_Lib have more than one icon representation For example the condenser component EPP_W_Condenser has two different icons each a mirror image
38. e as Demo samples for the Enginomix Power Plant Library Chapter 6 tells you how you can comment on this documentation Related Documents You will find further information in the following documents Assumptions Library Reference Documentation You find a detailed description of the models that are included in the Enginomix Power Plant Library in the on line help file If you prefer a hardcopy version of the documentation you can print the rich text file rtf that comes with the library IPSEpro PSE documentation This document is part of the Process Simulation Environment PSE It provides information about how to use the IPSEpro libraries for setting up process models and running calculations in IPSEpro IPSEpro MDK documentation This document is part of the Model Development Kit MDK It provides information about creating model libraries for IPSEpro For questions specific to the operation system please consult your Microsoft Windows documentation Throughout this documentation the following assumptions are made Windows refers to Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2 or higher versions of that program Most information applies also to Windows NT although there are differences in the graphical appearance of the systems You have completely installed Windows on your computer If you have not yet installed Windows please run Windows Setup before installing IPSEpro Refer to your Windows Documentation on how to install W
39. ead of defining the used composition for each gas stream separately you can also define or set one composition object for a group of gas streams In this case all streams selected will use the same composition the composition does not change Defining a Composition for a Single Stream gt To define the composition that is used in a stream 1 Double click on the stream PSE opens the window for editing the data of that stream 2 Select in the composition field the composition that you want to use IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 6 Defining a Composition for a Group of Streams gt To set the composition for a group of selected streams 1 Select those streams for which you want to set the composition It does not matter if you select other objects If they do not contain references to compositions they are simply ignored 2 Select the command Set References from the Objects menu PSE opens a window where you can select the type of reference that you want to set and the composition that you want to reference 3 From the list of references select composition Once you have made this selection PSE displays all available objects of type composition 4 Select the composition that you want to use in the selected streams and click on the OK button to accept your choice Compositions and the System PSE requires that you define a correct mathematical system If you use compositions incorrectly
40. eceseseceeceeeeceeeecneeeeceaeeeeesesaeeeeens 3 7 ELE EE 3 8 Ae E 4 1 Eet e 4 1 AMP IGN Ste AIM EE 4 2 Example 2 Simple Steam Cycle e e estendedeeeseeteggeeettoeeg deisde gg detierek 4 9 Example 3 Steam Cycle with Deaerator gtt eteeede Eec 4 17 Design Model iria on ae eege 4 17 Off Design M del oraren ii E E REE EE E EE 4 18 Ex mple 4 Combustion snisiskerrnanihaniinian a 4 24 Ex mple 5 EM TE 4 32 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Contents l Example 6 Heat Recovery Steam Generator 4 38 Example 7 Integrating Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam C voles sic asct tac tiuiten Mes asoreaunscehaatsnasatanette tees 4 4 De Demo Samples sess ca ace sna eeben ee 5 1 6 To Comment on this Documentation ssccssscssssccssecssseessescssssessees 6 1 tte 7 1 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Contents Il The Enginomix Power Plant Library The Enginomix Power Plant Library for IPSEpro has been designed for modeling a wide range of thermal systems The design of this library is based on many years of experience gained with the power process modeling package IPSE The Enginomix Power Plant Library allows you to design and analyze any power plant including e Combined cycle plants e Cogeneration plants e Conventional fossil fueld plants The library contains models for both design and off design analysis The way that the Enginomix Power Plant Library was
41. ect the dataset that you want to activate and click on the Activate Dataset button of this window 3 Click on the Close button The active project window displays now the selected dataset Proceeding on the construction of the new process model you have to change the component settings for the off design model in the off design dataset gt To change the model that is used for the condenser 1 Double click on the condenser icon in the worksheet PSE opens the dialog for editing the condenser s data 2 In the field Model choose the model W_Condenser_pl PSE opens a window with additional items displayed for the W_Condenser_pl model 3 Click on the OK button to accept the modifications Make sure that the condenser object is still selected 4 From the Objects menu choose the command Load Default Values PSE opens a dialog where you choose to load the default values for the selected object 5 From the Project menu choose the command Update dataset If you open the data window of the condenser again it will display the data as shown in figure 4 12 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 20 EPP_W_Condenser EPP w Condenser001 W_Condenser_pl t led 9 9 Su 9 ed g g 9 g L DG g g 9 g Gett ER oo oT 6 615 2o 851 32 3865 2o o 23865 ett 851 32 Figure 4 12 Data window for the off design model of the condenser In the same way done for the condenser change the data for the
42. el Steam Cycle with Deaerator In this section the simple steam cycle model we created previously is extended by adding a deaerator as shown in figure 4 10 This example also shows how you create a part load model for the extended process scheme Figure 4 10 Steam cycle Most of the steam turbine components in the Enginomix Power Plant Library including the EPP_W_ST component contain one or more steam extraction ports We could have used that extraction port to connect to our deaerator but we also can model an extraction by using two separate steam turbine icons and placing a splitter between them as shown in Fig 4 10 Using this approach you can model any number of extraction streams Frequently it is not necessary to develop a model from scratch It is usually more efficient to modify existing models based on your current requirements To illustrate this start with the model from Example 2 as the starting point for our new model Before you start modifying the model save the project under a new name to avoid losing your original model First add the additional icons needed These include a second steam turbine EPP_W_ST a second pump EPP_W_Pump a deaerator W_Deaerator and a splitter OW Splitter When you select the steam turbine icon remember the orientation of the exit ports on that icon from Example 2 you want to choose the appropriate icon and rotate it so that primary steam exit connection drain is at the bo
43. ence typically the off design models emphasize the following aspects e Optimum interaction with the design models e Models are valid on a general basis e Good balance between required input and accuracy IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 2 1 In a PSE project you can use off design models of the selected library units to build different calculation layers datasets of the process scheme Usually you first define a process model in the design mode which feeds data to further off design process models In these off design process models you can simulate your process with different part loads Refer to the IPSEpro PSE Documentation for more details about model refinement datasets management and off design modeling Library Components This section provides a list of the units of the current library For more details about each of the library components you should refer to the library on line help file and to the library hardcopy documentation These documents will always provide the most update description version of your library This is especially true if your IPSEpro installation includes the model development kit MDK since you can change the libraries yourself with the MDK and update the on line help file or library documentation files The hardcopy documentation of a model library contains all the available information about the included component models You can read the library hardcopy document
44. er Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 8 In this chapter you find step by step instructions for setting up several simple process schemes using the Enginomix Power Plant Library These examples serve as a starting point for bigger projects The examples included here are also available in files together with the library in order to make it easier for you to trace mistakes In the files not only the final results have been stored also results of intermediate steps This allows you to compare your own results with the examples results The files containing the examples are stored in the DATA sub directory of your EPP_Lib installation Even if you dislike reading manuals you are strongly encouraged to read through this section since it provides you with the minimum of information required to use PSE and the Enginomix Power Plant Library Terminology Ex_aa_bb pro Whenever a file is stored in the description of the examples of this chapter you find the indication in the text in the following way The file name is composed of an Ex_ prefix two digits identifying the example number and two digits identifying the step number separated by an underscore _ If during your training phase with PSE and the Enginomix Power Plant Library you become stuck with a problem you should use these files for comparisons with your project IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 1 Example 1 Stream In this ex
45. fuel gas In the EPP_Lib you find several different icon models for combustion chambers Usually this applies to liquid and solid fuels The model G_Combustor is the icon to use if the fuel is described by its chemical composition as is the case for gaseous fuels First build the model so it looks like the one shown in Fig 4 14 This model uses the icons for a gas source G_Source ambient source G_Ambient_Source gas monitor EPP_G_Monitor combustor EPP_G Combustor and gas sink G_Sink Place these icons on the diagram and connect them together with gas stream connections G_Stream gt Ca S gt Figure 4 14 Combustion chamber The next step is to define the required global composition objects used to store the gas composition data for each gas stream or set of streams wherever the gas composition varies due to mixing or chemical reaction In this example you need to create three G_Composition global objects using the Objects New Global Object command which we will call AJR FUEL and EXHAUST_GAS After creating the G_Composition objects for the gas streams in our model we must set the references for each of the gas streams to link them to the appropriate G_Composition object You can do this directly by clicking on each gas stream to bring up the G_Stream data entry dialog then selecting the appropriate Composition object for each of the streams IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Pa
46. ge 4 24 EX_04_02 pro lt Note that in this model two of the gas streams should be linked to the same G_composition object The two gas streams connected to the G_Monitor icon should both be linked to the FUEL object since the OG Monitor icon does not change the composition of the gas stream passing through it You can set the references for the two fuel gas streams at the same time by selecting both streams at once select one gas stream then hold down the Shift key and select the second gas stream then using the Objects Set References command to set both references at once If you do so you will see the Set References dialog Set References References in selection When this dialog appears select Composition G_Composition in the left side pane in this example that is the only possible selection and the available G_ Composition objects defined in this project will appear in the right side pane Select the FUEL object to set the references for both fuel streams to that G_Composition object After setting the references for all of your gas streams you can check the selections you have made by choosing the View References command option When you turn this view option on your model diagram will show the references you have selected Composition gt FUEL P Composition gt FUEL Composition gt AIR Composition gt EXHAUST_GAS Select the View References command option again to toggle the reference displ
47. indows You have completely installed IPSEpro PSE on your computer If you have not yet installed IPSEpro please run PSE amp MDK Setup Refer to your IPSEpro Installation Guide on how to install IPSEpro You are familiar with the IPSEpro PSE Documentation You are familiar with the handling of standard Windows programs You find the required information in your Windows Documentation You are familiar with the handling of a mouse IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 1 2 Conventions This documentation uses the following definitions and typographic conventions Definitions process scheme flowsheet The graphical representation of your project in your PSE project window is called process scheme or flowsheet model process model The mathematical representation of a process scheme is called process model or just model project A project is the collection of all available information about a process model A project consists of several process files which PSE manages automatically after a project is opened All project files of a project are in the same directory and have the same filename with different extensions library icon unit icon The graphical representation of a component of an IPSEpro library available for building a process scheme is called library icon unit icon model icon or just icon component model component The mathematical representation of an IPSEpro library component wi
48. l PS E pro Process Simulator Enginomix Power Plant Library I PS E pro Process Simulator Enginomix Power Plant Library Library Version 1 017 Manual Version 1 017 04 Copyright Enginomix LLC 2009 Lk FotrodugttiesieegtieeseteeeEIgeNeegeer Nee 1 1 The Enginomix Power Plant Kabaret ee 1 1 PROM this EE EE 1 1 R l t d OCU CIS 3s Se cicadex acs ee Ee 1 2 PS SSUMYP UL OMS ii ia T E AEE least aoa 1 2 COTY EE 1 3 REH 1 3 Typographical Conventions areira ieee ENEE EC 1 3 Keyboard Conventions aene i ea E E E E E 1 4 Mouse Techniques anonn le EE eee Babel EE ae ts 1 4 Installing th EPP EEN ee eeh 1 5 2 Library BE EE 2 1 D sign Ee EE 2 1 COT DESIG Et GE 2 1 Library ee 2 2 3 Physical Properties and Chemical Composition scccssccssssessees 3 1 Physical Properties snenie hea Geechee en a en elt a a e 3 1 Water and Steam Streams W Stream 3 1 Cas Streams G Stream iire E E eevee RN REEE EE 3 3 Gas Compositions in a Process Model 3 4 Defining a Gas Stream Composition sssssssessessesseeseossessrssresseesresresseeseesressee 3 4 Using a Composition in a Stream ssseesesseesseeseeseesseeseesresseesreseesseessesresseesse 3 6 Defining a Composition for a Single Stream e sseesseeseeeieeessrsisreerstsssesrsrrrrersessrsrsee 3 6 Defining a Composition for a Group of Streams cecesceesseesceesceeeeeeeeeeceseenseeaeeaes 3 7 t Ee EE 3 7 Units that Do Not Change Compositions eecess
49. let ports choose the appropriate icon orientation so that you can line up the icons and streams as shown in Fig 4 16 After you have connected all of the gas and water streams as shown in Fig 4 16 set the references for all of the gas streams to EXHAUST_GAS You can select all of the gas streams at once by pressing and dragging the mouse cursor so all of the gas streams are highlighted it doesn t matter if you also select other icons or streams since only the gas streams need references assigned After you have selected all of the gas streams choose the Objects Set References command and select the EXHAUST_GAS object for the Composition G_Composition reference as shown here Set References References in selection Available objects of type G_Composition AmbientConditions ambient Composition G_Composition Cancel You also need to link the AMBIENT global object to the G_Ambient_Sink icon Just open the dialog for that icon and select the AMBIENT object for the AmbientConditions reference Then load the default values for all of the icons and streams using the Objects Load Default Values command and save the model before moving to the next step IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 39 You can now run the model and check the protocol to see how many variables you need to set to fully define the system You should see something like this SE Error Problem undefined 160 equations 144 variables
50. ls about these commands in the IPSEpro PSE Documentation IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 4 When you prescribe a composition always take care to prescribe it fully You must enter the composition in terms of mass fractions By definition the sum of all mass fractions is equal to 1 0 Therefore the following equation is part of the composition model Hater Har Ha 1 0 3 1 In order to define the composition fully you must provide one setting less than the total number of components gt To prescribe a composition correctly 1 Set to zero all mass fractions of chemical components that are not used 2 Set all except one of the remaining mass fractions to the respective value Figure 3 2 shows the correct settings for a composition that contains 100 oxygen O2 All components except O2 are set to zero Since O2 is the only component that is not set it is calculated from equation 3 1 Note that since this is a G_Stream gas only the WATER component cannot be set it is automatically set to 0 0 in the library equations G_Composition Name oxyaer Cancel estimate limit gt gt M update estimate limit gt gt M update WATER E Ze AR ei C2H6 estimate limit gt gt V update estimate limit gt gt MV update estimate limit gt gt MV update estimate limit gt gt V update estimate limit gt gt V update estimate limit gt gt V update estimate limit gt gt
51. m successfully you have to set 11 additional variables You have the flexibility to choose the variables that are most appropriate for your particular problem The selection of these variables requires a certain level of experience PSE cannot make any decisions for you about these variables since the selection depends on your objective IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 14 For this example set the following input variables Steam turbine inlet W_Stream001 p 40 0 bar t 500 0 C Steam turbine exit W_Stream002 p 0 05 bar Cooling water inlet W_Source001 p 1 0 bar t 20 0 C Steam turbine EPP_W_ST001 eta_s 0 9 Generator EPP_Generator001 speed 3600 RPM power 2000 kW eta_el 0 985 eta_m 1 0 Condenser EPP_W_Condenser001 dt_out 2 0 C gt To enter the variable values 1 2 3 EX_02_03 pro Double click on the respective object This opens the object data window Click on the set button of the variable Enter the value in the data field Note that for some of the variables you do not need to type in a value since values may have already been loaded in as estimates from the default value database Assume that you are interested in the thermal efficiency of the process The definition that you are using is the following S P Generator 7 O soiter You can add a data frame that calculates the efficiency according to the equation above gt To calculate the thermal efficiency
52. m turbine generator icon or other setting controlling mass flow in the steam turbine section of the model Your completed combined cycle model should something like the one shown in Fig 4 18 above IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 43 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 44 The Enginomix Power Plant Library contains a selection of plant models that are continuously updated by Enginomix These are called the Demo Samples of this library The files containing the Demo Samples are stored in the Data sub directory of your EPP_Lib installation You may use the models available in the Demo Samples and modify them in order to meet the specific requirements of your projects If you feel that one of your models is particularly useful for other users of the Enginomix Power Plant Library and you want to make it available for them contact Enginomix Technical Support However make sure that such a model does not contain any proprietary data from your company or organization IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 5 1 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 5 2 If you have comments on how to make the Enginomix Power Plant Library documentation better please send an e mail to Enginomix at the e mail address support enginomix net Make sure that you include your name and the version number of the Enginomix Power Plant Library manual in all cor
53. mate estimate estimate limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt limit gt gt update w update update update update update update v update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update Use similar settings for both sections of the steam turbine in your sample model IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 22 Frequently it is useful to create more than one dataset The datasets can then be organized hierarchically Figure 4 13 shows a typical dataset hierarchy Dataset Manager off design 100 load 1 off design 50 load 3 off design 75 load 2 Figure 4 13 Data set hierarchy In this example the first dataset was renamed from Default to Design to clarify the relationship among the datasets You can rename a dataset by choosing the Edit gt gt command from the Dataset Manager dialog EX_03_05 proe IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 23 Example 4 Combustion EX _04_01 pro amp In this section you will use the combustion chamber model to calculate the gas air ratio needed to achieve a certain exhaust gas temperature given the inlet conditions and composition for a
54. more than three you may have set the composition incorrectly Check the settings of your composition before you prescribe the missing variables Switch back to the project window or close the error protocol PSE now displays a cross attached to the connection that shows the results obtained for the variables of the connection A color scheme defines the status of the values displayed as follows Black o The value is a converged variable or a parameter Ra The variable did not converge The variable has not been calculated You can insert a reference cross to make it easier to identify the results variables automatically displayed in the data crosses attached to the streams after you run the simulation To insert a reference cross 1 From the Objects menu select the command Add Reference Cross PSE opens a window where it displays a list of all available connection models 2 From the list of available connection models choose G_Stream 3 Click on the OK button PSE inserts the reference cross in the lower left corner of the workspace You can drag it to any other position of your project window Since the model is undefined you have to set more variables Choose for example the following input settings G_Source G_Source001 p 1 0 bar t 500 0 C mass 1 0 kg s It is equally valid to set the mass flow at the sink instead of at the source You can do this with the following inputs settings G_Source G_Source001 p 1 0
55. nin 4 41 Gombt tieh dee eee Veedel Eder e e 4 24 COMPONENT karanana Een Ee dee 1 3 component model scissione NEESS 1 3 COMPOSITIONS EE 3 1 3 4 eeh EE EE 4 10 4 21 D data wll OW ae ene aki 4 3 4 13 dataframe dataset j d faul mode lainan eiaei Riiie aaia as 2 1 default value database AAA 4 14 drag a Malini ah E E teehee 1 4 E Ethane disci ee 3 3 Gales dee Eesen 4 1 F flowsheet EE 1 3 G gaS turh EE 4 32 global Objection 3 4 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 H heat recovery steam generator 4 38 help fil siias e ii 4 12 HY CNOB DEET 3 3 Hydrogen sulfid einnseanan i 3 3 I IAPWS Industrial Formulation 10017 3 1 icon paletti acheived IFC 1967 Formulations L library elt TEE design Considerations eeceeseeseeeceeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee hardcopy documentation Gpslmezbelp Tle uge Seeder ha np sa ANA reference documentation X library icon nanne ae aiid E M mass Tra Cti ON EE 3 4 Methane iiisn nickel ee E ee 3 3 MOE EEN 1 3 mouse button Primary MOUSE button 1 4 secondary MOUSE button 1 4 MOUSE GDETaHOHSE eEeeeegeENEe eege eege deeg NEE 1 4 N Niroge r a a ar eaae RAEE EEEE AR EES 3 3 O ODJECE ee ae ee 1 3 OFFA ET oeiee irei aeaaea rE aiaa iaaa NEEE 4 18 off design model 2 1 Page Index 1 Paramete feiern a E A TERNS physical properties process model process scheme project Propanes cis e a el nee NN IPSEpro
56. nomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 3 Edit Global Object Select Global object Fig 4 4 Choosing the composition for editing You can now define the new composition object GAS by editing it in the following way gt To edit the new composition 1 From the Objects menu select the Edit Global Object command PSE opens the window shown in figure 4 4 2 Select the entry GAS G_Composition and click on the Edit gt gt button PSE opens the data window of the composition as shown in figure 4 5 3 Set the mass fraction values for all of the species except N2 to zero This defines your gas composition as pure nitrogen refer to your IPSEpro PSE Manual for more details about setting global parameters Close the composition window by clicking on the OK button to accept your settings Close the Edit Global Object window by clicking on the Close button Note that an equation is included in the G_Stream composition object calculations equating the sum of the mass fractions to 1 0 so when we set all the mass fractions to 0 0 except for N2 PSE automatically calculates the N2 mass fraction to be 1 0 Now that you have defined a composition you can also use this composition in G_Stream001 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 4 G_Composition sat Ska Ska Ska Ska E Ska eee eee ee ok 8 te g gi fod te Ei SW 9 le S Ei ed 9 LS Fig 4 5 Defining the composition for a G_Stream
57. o check which parameters have not been defined Acknowledge the message by clicking on the OK button PSE opens the data window for the respective unit whose parameter is missing Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 13 EX_02_02 pro lt amp You have two options to provide the missing parameters e Enter the parameters manually by editing the unit data window e Use values from the default value database To load default values from the default value database 1 From the Objects menu select the command Load Default Values PSE opens a window where you can select if you want to overwrite existing values 2 Ifyou have an object selected PSE offers you to choose to load default values just for the selected object or for all objects of the project Make the appropriate settings 3 Click on the OK button to load the default values By definition it is impossible for PSE to load settings for variables since the settings depend on the system configuration and on your specific requirements Default values for variables are loaded as estimates and not as settings Therefore some additional settings are required If you start the simulation now you receive the following error message System Solution Lerrors and 1 warnings Do you want to open the protocol Select YES to open a window displaying the protocol The error message from the system is ER Error Problem undefined 90 equations 101 variables To solve the syste
58. of the objects that you add to the model you can change the name at any time if you want Once you have placed all of the icons on your diagram start drawing the connections at the outlet connection for the connector icon and proceed clock wise around the model PSE will choose the connection names as shown in figure 4 9 To display the names choose the command Object Names from the View menu note that the icons in the diagram in Fig 4 9 have been moved apart horizontally in order to display the object names more clearly Using this connection element in the steam cycle of figure 4 7 you obtain the model shown in figure 4 9 W_Connector001 W_Stream001 a EPP_W_ST001 b EPP_shaft001 a EPP_Generator001 Sq W_Sink001 W_Stream002 ras N Stre EPP_W_Condenser001 W_Stream W_Stream003 W_Stream004 H EPP_W_Pump001 a W_Source001 Figure 4 9 Model for a simple steam cycle Note that since there are no gas streams in this model you do not have to create any G_ Stream composition objects In EPP_Lib pure steam water streams are of type W_ Stream and the composition is automatically set to be pure WATER which can be liquid or gas If you start the simulation now you receive the following error message PSE has detected that you did not provide data for a parameter Parameters are numerical values that always must be defined Therefore it is possible t
59. ream to general stream W_Xprescription prescription calculation of steam quality IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 2 6 3 Physical Properties and Chemical Compositions This chapter explains how physical properties are handled in the Enginomix Power Plant Library The first part of this chapter provides a list of all available chemical components and the limitations that apply to each of them The second part explains how the physical properties are used in PSE projects It introduces the concept of compositions and explains how you deal with compositions in your projects Physical Properties The Enginomix Power Plant Library includes a database of physical properties for water and for a wide range of chemical components that might be used in the combustion system Water and Steam Streams W_Stream For calculating the properties of pure water and steam streams W_ Stream connections in EPP _Lib you can choose one of the following formulations Q IAPWS _IF97 The IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam Q IFC67 The 1967 IFC Formulations for Industrial Use When you install the Advance Power Plant Library the APWS_IF97 equations are selected IAPWS _IF97 is the internationally agreed standard Therefore it should be used in new projects However in older projects you may still want to use the IFC67 formulations Switching Be
60. recovery steam generator HRSG with a single pressure level You create the model by arranging a series of heat exchangers appropriately This approach provides a higher level of flexibility than you can achieve with a single unit model of a HRSG That is one of the reasons why the Enginomix Power Plant Library does not include a single icon representing a heat recovery steam generator The model of the heat recovery steam generator is shown in figure 4 16 The model requires a composition object for the exhaust gas stream You can copy the gas composition object from the previous examples as described below Figure 4 16 Heat recovery steam generator gt To copy the composition EXHAUST_GAS 1 Open example Ex_05_05 pro and run the calculation N From the Calculation menu select the Import Estimates command The results of the calculation are now stored in the EXHAUST_GAS object as estimates Still in the project of example 5 select a stream that references EXHAUST_GAS From the Edit menu choose the Copy command alternatively you can press CTRL C Create a new project for the current example nun A WwW From the Edit menu choose the Paste command or press CTRL P This inserts the stream together with the composition object EXHAUST_GAS into the project Delete the stream The global object EXHAUST_GAS remains available in the project 8 From the Objects menu choose the Edit Global Object command
61. remaining models of the off design dataset Change the model selection for the two steam turbine components to EPP H ST ni and the boiler model selection to EPP_W_Boiler_pl Remember to load the default values and update the dataset after changing any of the icon models to the part load methods See the sample dialog below for typical part load settings for the EPP_W_ST steam turbine component Do not forget to remove the respective settings in the modified objects For example you will no longer be able to set the pressure of the extraction stream It is a frequent mistake to forget to remove some settings when switching to off design models If you run the calculation without removing the setting the system will be over determined EX_03_04 pro lt amp IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 21 Typical part load settings for the EPP_W_ST steam turbine component EPP_W_ST Name GET Model p method speed eta_m eta_s_adj AF D inlet_steam delta_h_extr delta_h_exit_extr frac_extr frac_exit_extr eta_s shaft_power het SCC s_ext_SCC delta_hs massf0 DI Du volf0 pd eta_s0 masse pel volel Cancel EPP_w_ST_pl Stodola 600 Er EI Ve kJ kJ ka 2 a 6441 002 ne kg Er EI Ko Ve Ka Er EI 691 72 3 E IO E estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate esti
62. respondence We would specially like to get your thoughts in these following issues Do the List of Contents and the Index help you to find the information you need What important information is missing or hard to find Is the overall documentation of the Enginomix Power Plant Library manual insufficient about right or too detailed Please give reasons for your option Are the examples too simple about right or too complex List ideas for additional examples that you would find useful Indicate which areas we need to improve Organization Procedures Concepts Reference material Examples Illustrations Others please list the suggested items Your feedback is very important to improve our documentation Note that your comments become the property of Enginomix Thank you for your time The Enginomix Team IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 6 1 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 6 2 A advanced power plant library seese 1 1 ambient sees ecole A a hota ees 4 36 ambient conditions 0 ceceecceessecesssececesseeeesseeeesseeeeses 4 32 AB OM sinais aan adete ao 3 3 C Carbon dioxide c ccccccccecssseeesseeeessceceeseecessseeessseeeesaaes 3 3 Carbon ronde seet S Seedegegereg detacs eodeetes isd nckevdetetes 3 3 Chemical components ss sessessssesseseesstssrrsrtntrsrrseteereeres 3 1 Click EE ATEA TET TE E A 1 4 combined cycle plant censes ne
63. results are accurate enough for your specific purpose Generally the results are still satisfying for this range The range up to 800 0 C is not affected by the adopted extension IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 2 Gas Streams G_Stream The physical properties of components in gas streams using the G_Stream connections in EPP Lib are calculated with polynomials derived from the JANAF Thermochemical Tables All calculations are based on the assumption that the chemical components can be treated as ideal gases The extent to which the ideal gas formulations yield acceptable accuracy depends on your specific application While an inaccuracy of five percent might be unacceptable for a pure substance it will be by far accurate enough if a mixture contains only a few percent of this substance In practical usage calculations for exhaust gas systems are nearly always done using ideal gas formulations The following table lists the chemical components that are available in the physical properties database The table also provides the temperature and the pressure range that is permitted by the system Variable Component Temperature C Pressure bar min i m e o pe wee m0 o eee ow s ore mn gt JANAF Joint Army Navy Air Force Thermochemical Tables IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 3 Gas Compositions in a Process Model In the Enginomix Power Plant Library
64. s the following 1 Run a design simulation first in order to make the design results available 2 Create an additional dataset in your project 3 Select the appropriate off design model for each component of the new dataset and modify the settings accordingly 4 Update the dataset with the data from the design case 5 Run the simulation for the off design dataset 6 PSE provides an efficient mechanism to maintain consistency between design and off design cases You can create additional datasets that store the off design model If the design dataset is modified you can easily update the off design dataset to reflect the changes in the design model gt To create an additional data set in a PSE project 1 From the Project menu choose the command Edit Datasets PSE opens the window shown in figure 4 11 2 Click on the New button and enter a dataset name to create a new dataset use off design as the name of your second dataset for this example PSE automatically makes the new dataset active in your project 3 Click on the Close button The active project window now displays the new data set If there is more than one dataset in your project it is frequently necessary to switch between these datasets IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 19 gt To switch from a dataset to another in a PSE 1 From the Project menu choose the Edit Datasets command PSE opens the Dataset Manager window 2 Sel
65. sed model library CML either on a CD or by downloading from the Enginomix web site The library is packed in a file EPP_Lib CML You install any libraries you downloaded or from the CD in the same way gt To install the EPP Library Go to the EXE directory of your IPSEpro installation Start the library installer LIBINST EXE Follow the instruction of the SETUP program R eo M om When you are asked to select a model library select EPP_LIB CML on your distribution medium If you have any problems in accessing the Enginomix Power Plant Library from PSE check that the required assumptions are fulfilled and remove any obstacles If the problem remains contact Enginomix Technical Support Services and give a precise description of your problem E mail support enginomix net Tel 1 650 289 0670 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 1 5 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 1 6 This chapter introduces the design considerations of the Enginomix Power Plant Library and lists its available components Design Considerations The Enginomix Power Plant Library has been implemented with the aim of enabling users to model a wide range of thermal power plants The library models have been carefully designed to provide a balance among ease of use engineering detail and accuracy and flexibility In the course of a project you will frequently have a varying demand on the component models
66. shed Results x 1 lt exhaust_gas EICH lt exhaust_gas x 3 lt exhaust_gas x 4 lt exhaust_gas x 5 lt exhaust_gas x 6 lt exhaust_gas x 7 lt exhaust_gas lt exhaust gas D converged D converged 0 converged 0 converged D converged D converged 2 converged 0 converged int nent 0 06109 As displayed in this screen capture you can press the right and left arrow keys in the toolbar when viewing the protocol to move through the error and warning messages displayed in the protocol In this example there is an error that the model did no converge and we see messages that the variable delta_p_fuel in the combustor is out of range negative This is because we set the compressor pressure ratio to 10 0 for our model but left the fuel pressure at 5 bar so our fuel pressure is too low to feed into the combustor Set the fuel pressure in the fuel G_Source icon to something higher than 10 bar such as 11 bar and rerun the model It should now converge EX_05_02 pro lt IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 35 EX_05_03 pro EX_05_04 pro EPP Lib contains a global model ambient that represents the ambient conditions You can create an ambient object and link all sources of ambient air to this object To create an ambient object 1 From the Objects menu select the command New Global Object PSE displays the list of available object types 2 In the section global type selec
67. stream you can check that your gas composition references are set properly by using the View References command option If you choose this option your model diagram should look something like this in this example the icons have been moved apart horizontally to prevent overlapping of the reference links gt Composition gt FUEL Ca Composition gt FUEL Composition gt AIR Composition gt EXHAUST_GAS rotor_inlet gt EXHAUST_GAS Composition gt AIR Composition gt EXHAUST_GAS Choose the View References command option again to toggle off the reference displays Save your model before moving on to the next section You haven t set the inputs needed for the new icons you added to this gas turbine example model but you can try running the model to see how many inputs you need to add If you run the model you should see messages something like the following in the protocol ae Error Problem undefined 129 equations 138 variables You have to set nine 138 129 9 more variables in order to make this system well defined Remember that you are free to choose the variables that you want to set as long as the variables you select are not dependent on each other For this example set the following values for many of these variables the values were entered when we loaded the default values so you just need to choose the set option for them generator speed EPP_Generator001 speed 3600 RPM electri
68. t v limit gt gt iv limit gt gt iv limit gt gt wi limit gt gt wi limit gt gt wi limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v limit gt gt v w update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update update Note that the estimates values in this dialog and the other icons and streams in the model were set for us when we selected the Objects Set Default Values command earlier In the above example by setting the mole fractions for C2H6 and C3H8 setting the other mole fractions to 0 0 and leaving the CH4 mole fraction estimated the icon equations will automatically determine the required mole fractions for CH4 0 90 in this case We don t need to set anything for the GAS composition object The composition of the gas stream exiting the combustor will be determined by the stoichiometric equations in that icon IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 27 For the other required icon and stream inputs use the following settings note that depending on the order you added the icons and streams to your model diagram you may have slightly different object names than those shown here EX_04_03 pro lt IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library mass flow G_Source001 mass pressure G_Source001 p temperature G_ Source001 t pressure G_Source002 p
69. t ambient 3 Enter AMBIENT as the name for this global object 4 Click on the OK button to create the AMBIENT object Make the following settings for the AMBIENT object use the Objects Edit Global Object command Altitude altitude 400 0 m Temperature t 15 C Relative humidity phi 60 You can run the model and it should converge The system is now fully defined However the AMBIENT object is not yet used The next step is to use the AMBIENT object in our model We will link the gas turbine inlet to the ambient conditions by using a G_Ambient_Source icon instead of a G_Source icon for the air inlet to the compressor If you use a G_Ambient_Source object the composition of the AJR gas stream that leaves the object is defined by calculations in the G_Ambient_Source icon Therefore you can no longer set the mass fractions in the AIR composition object To link the AMBIENT object with the gas turbine inlet 1 Replace the G_Source with a G_Ambient_Source Delete the G_Source icon insert a G_Ambient_ Source icon and connect the now unconnected gas stream at the compressor inlet to the new G_Ambient_Source icon 2 Open the dialog for the G_Ambient_Source icon and select AMBIENT for the AmbientConditions reference this should be the only option to select 3 Set the mass flow mass to 10 kg s in the G_Ambient_Source Do not set the temperature t or the pressure p because they are now defined by the reference to the AMBIENT
70. that you are using AT the beginning of your project you may only have preliminary data available to use to set up your component models At this stage you will most likely prefer to use some of the simpler component models When you have more detailed data available you can switch to the more detailed engineering models provided for many of the key equipment components without having to rebuild your project For each library unit of the Enginomix Power Plant Library a default model is available which guarantees fast results in the simulation phase In order to achieve this the following aspects have been taken into account e Minimal data input required by the user e Simple mathematical formulation in order to achieve fast convergence In PSE when you select a library unit to become a new object of your process model this object automatically uses its built in default model If required you can switch to another model for each equipment unit For example you may wish to use the model for off design calculations or for some components you may want to use design models that include more engineering or geometry based details You can also base your off design models on results obtained with the design model of the process Off Design Behavior Specialized off design models are available for key equipment units in the Enginomix Power Plant Library While some of the design component models focus on few data input and on fast converg
71. thin a process model is called component component model or just model whenever its meaning does not conflict with process model object All elements contained in a project are called objects Besides component models connections and compositions additional objects such as data frames text and OLE objects can be used in a project Typographical Conventions As far as possible this documentation uses the same typographical conventions as the Windows documentation In particular the following typographical conventions are used throughout this documentation Style Meaning Italic Indicates a placeholder for information For example if you are asked to type filename you must type the actual name of the file instead of the italic printed word Bold Italic Indicates text that must be entered exactly as printed It also indicates new terms The explanation follows immediately after the term printed bold italic ALL UPPERCASE Directories filenames Bold upper lower case Menu elements and names of commands For example menu File command Save SMALL CAPITALS Key names for example CTRL KEY DEL KEY optional Expressions in double brackets are optional IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 1 3 Keyboard Conventions The key names in this documentation appear in small capital letters For example the shift key appears as SHIFT A plus sign between key names means that you must press the keys at the same
72. ttom of the icon If you place the second turbine icon to use it as the low pressure turbine you will need to disconnect the drain stream connecting the first turbine to the condenser so that you can instead connect it to the outlet of the new second turbine so this connection will now go from the second turbine to the condenser IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 17 gt To disconnect a connection from a unit EX_03_01 proe EX_03_02 proe EX_03_03 proe 1 Type CTRL F or select the command Free Connection of the Objects menu The cursor changes into a scissors symbol 2 Click on the terminal where the drain stream is attached to the first turbine By doing so you release the connection from that point 3 By double clicking on an unused area of the workspace you create a free end for this connection The free end of a connection is marked by a circle Now you can carry on setting up the new scheme Click on the free end of the connection you just freed clicking on the circle marking its end and you are again in the drawing mode of the connection Connect that stream to the exit of the second turbine and then continue drawing all of the connections as shown in figure 4 10 You must now enter the parameters for the new units You can load the default values for the new icons using the Load Default Values command from the Objects menu Next you must set sufficient variables to define the model Remem
73. tween the Two Formulations gt To change the method that is used for calculating the properties of water and steam 1 Inthe Windows Start menu select the command PPSwitch in the IPSEpro group Windows displays the following dialog that reflects the current configuration Wagner W Kruse A Properties of Water and Steam Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1998 Schmidt E Properties of Water and Steam in SI Units Springer Verlag Heidelberg New York 1969 IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 3 1 Q vol Select Water Steam Property Method EA Use IFC6 Formulations Gen _ 2 Select the appropriate method and click on the OK button The configuration is changed to reflect your selection After you have selected a new method all calculations will be made with the new method If you have more than one copy of EPP_Lib installed on your system make sure that you switch the correct version The PPSwitch command in the Windows Start menu always switches the most recently installed copy When you are using IAPWS_IF97 the following limits for temperatures and pressures apply The IFC formulations are defined for temperatures of up to 800 C In the Enginomix Power Plant Library this range has been extended to 850 C due to numerous requests of IPSEpro users Since the range from 800 0 to 850 0 C is not covered by the IFC formulations it is your responsibility to verify if
74. write existing values If you didn t have any objects selected when you choose the Load Default Values command the options will be disabled and defaults will be loaded for all objects in the model IPSEpro Enginomix Power Plant Library Rev 1 017 04 Page 4 32 Before you can run the gas turbine model you will need to set references for the new gas streams added Since the compressor icon does not change the gas composition you should set the composition reference to AJR for the stream you added entering or exiting the compressor The EPP_G_ Expander icon can optionally have cooling streams connected to it If the cooling streams were connected we would need to use a different gas composition object for the gas streams entering and exiting the expander icon since the mixing of the cooling flow usually air with the gas entering the expander combustion products from the combustor would change the composition of the gas stream In this example however we have not connected the cooling flow ports so the exhaust gas composition will not change as it moves through the expander icon Therefore we must use the same composition references for the gas streams entering and exiting the expander icon Set the composition reference to EXHAUST_GAS for the gas stream you added to the model that is connected to the expander icon The EPP_G Expander icon also has an internal gas stream no stream connection is displayed on the diagram which is used

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