sfra45 user manual - Caltest Instruments
Contents
1. The memory information in red at the bottom of the screen displays memory status available files and free Space This applies to the internal or external memory whichever is selected They inform the user of the memory status how many files are available in memory and how much memory space is still available All file directory information can be displayed by pressing the Prog key and then the START button This will allow all the information to be displayed as a table and show what the internal file directory contains By pressing the START button again exits the directory Note This information is also available to be read over the instrument communication link Memory Memory has two options internal and USB memory stick The instrument has one gigabyte of internal memory Note USB Memory stick appears in blue if no device has been detected File type Data has two options program and results Program allows the user to store a program setup that may be used to provide a specific set of tests Results allow the user to store the results with their configuration from a specific reading or sweep 8 17 SFRA45 User Manual Action Action has three options recall store and delete While previously selecting program or results from the data function the user must decide whether to recall store or delete the data When2. 14 3 14 3 14 4 SFRA45 User Manual Text File Example Sweep Data The data portion of the file starts at Results sweep data This example is an impedance sweep There are five columns of data Frequency Hz Impedance Ohms Phase degrees Resistance Ohms and Reactance Ohms The two columns Frequency and Impedance may be used in Excel to plot a frequency versus impedance graph All information is given in scientific notation In this example the frequency starts at 150 kHz and goes to 210 kHz The impedance starts at 252 ohms and goes to a peak impedance of 6700 ohms and then down to 235 ohms Note the headers and columns do not line up Results sweep data Frequency Hz mpedance Ohm Phase deg Resistance Ohm Reactance Ohm 1 5000E 05 1 5122E 05 1 5245E 05 1 5367E 05 1 5490E 05 1 5612E 05 1 5735E 05 1 5857E 05 1 5980E 05 1 6102E 05 1 6225E 05 1 6347E 05 2 5299E 02 2 6595E 02 2 8018E 02 2 9589E 02 3 1331E 02 3 3274E 02 3 5461E 02 8 8583E 01 3 7929E 02 8 8400E 01 4 0746E 02 8 8190E 01 4 4011E 02 8 7904E 01 4 7794E 02 8 7612E 01 5 2246E 02 8 7259E 01 8 9272E 01 8 9195E 01 8 9104E 01 8 8996E 01 8 8875E 01 8 8739E 01 1 9924E 04 2 5301E 02 1 8921E 04 2 6597E 02 1 7916E 04 2 8021E 02 1 6897E 04 2 9594E 02 1 5960E 04 3 1337E 02 1 5113E 04 3 3282E 02 1 4334E 04 3 5471E 02 1 3579E 04 3 7944E 02 1 2898E 04 4 0767E 02 1 2031E 04 4 4040E 02 1
3. No If you are using the N4L clamp set set this to Yes 4 7 SFRA45 User Manual Check Sweep Parameters 21 58 43 SWEEP SETTINGS display real time sweep start 10 0000 Hz sweep end 20 0000M Hz sweep steps 2000 sweep type logarithmic sweep type single peak hold off gain graph scaling auto Phase graph scaling auto frequency marker off search for peak off Pressing the SWEEP button opens the sweep menu default sweep parameters have been chosen to satisfy a typical transformer test These can be changed as per the user preference Remote communication port settings 22 04 23 REMOTE SETTINGS resolution normal interface baud rate 3200 screen print to USB drive enabled If you are using the unit in conjunction with SFRAComm software pressing the COMMS key will reveal the communication menu the unit should be set as per your communication interface The options are USB RS232 and LAN 4 8 SFRA45 User Manual Turn Generator ON 21 58 43 GENERATOR SETTINGS amplitude control H low output amplitude amplitude step 1 1000 times waveform sinewave generator frequency 1 00000k Hz step type logarithmic frequency step 2 00000 times output Pressing the OUTPUT menu will enable you to change the generator settings and turn the generator on The default generator signal level is 10Vpk the generator can be turned on in this menu It is advisable to connect to the transformer wind
4. Sweep Steps Up to 2000 steps in all sweep functions Set up and Data Storage Up to 1000 analyzer setups readings and sweep results can be stored Interface USB RS232 LAN Real Time Clock Time and date stamp for data stores Data Storage Internal 1Gb flash external USB pen port Display and Resolution Y 4 VGA Colour 6 digit frequency 5 digit voltage 4 digit dBm Power Source 9 18v 3A AC adapter or 12v dc from vehicle or external batteries Battery Type and capacity 3 x Lithium polymer up to approx 2 hours Temperature Range 5 C to 50 C 13 2 SFRA45 User Manual 14 Appendix A Text File Format Saving test results generates two files The file name is represented by the number location chosen 1 999 from the PROGRAM STORE RECALL menu For example if the file location chosen is 11 the files generated would be PCA_RO11 pcs and PCA_RO11 txt Each file has the same name but different extensions The first file with the pcs extension name is the file that the instrument uses to display the test results when that file is recalled The second file is a comma delimited text file CSV and may be viewed using any text editing viewing program The text file has two parts the header section and the data results section The header includes the status of the instrument at the time the test results were taken This information includes all three USER
5. execute then Enter data is now stored 8 19 SFRA45 User Manual 8 12 Recalling Results Press the Prog key e Displays the Program Store Recall screen Memory e Select internal File type e Select results Location e Using the Left Right arrow keys increase or decrease until the number required is found Name e The correct name should be displayed Action e Select recall then Enter Execute e Select execute then Enter which should now display the results In sweep mode selecting either graph or table will have the results displayed in the desired manner 8 13 Deleting Results Press the Prog key e Displays the Program Store Recall screen 8 20 SFRA45 User Manual Memory e Select internal File type e Select results Location e Using the Left Right arrow keys increase or decrease until the number required is found Name e The correct name should be displayed Action e Select delete then Enter Execute e Select execute then Enter this should now display the name empty for that location number 8 21 SFRA45 User Manual 8 14 Memory Status Displayed In Red Memory status monitors one of two items It lets the user know how much memory is available either internally or on the USB memory stick The available files function lets the user know how many data f
6. offers a full repair and re calibration service contact your local representative It is recommended that the instrument be re calibrated annually SFRA45 User Manual ABOUT THIS MANUAL This manual describes the general features usage and specifications of the SFRA45 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer Detailed descriptions of the communications command set for RS232 USB and LAN is given in the separate manual SFRA45 communications manual Firmware revision 2 01 19 December 2012 This manual is copyright 2006 2012 Newtons4th Ltd and all rights are reserved No part may be copied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent SFRA45 User Manual CONTENTS Introduction general principles of operation 1 1 SARE EE 2 1 Getting Stato eds 3 1 Quick Start eos 4 1 4 1 Operating Mode Keys 4 1 4 2 Menu Control Keys cursis a ar 4 2 4 3 Display Control KeyS ccccececeeeeee esses eeeeeeeeeeenneees 4 3 4 4 Setup Kevs kevpad 4 4 4 5 CONTO KEYS cia 4 5 4 6 Data Entry Guide dai did teen ved ii ed 4 6 4 7 Power Transformer Mode ococccccccccncconnnconnncon naar 4 6 USING the MENUS aos la 5 1 5 1 Selection from a HSE bravos 5 3 5 2 Numeric data entry ebe ege ia rada 5 4 Special la ge EE 6 1 6 1 ee ENEE Ee 6 1 6 2 PROG non volatile memory store and recall 6 1 6 3 Zero Compensation e cicioraiora dias ei ind 6 3 6 4 Using Remote Control msc tata a a dal 6 5 6 5 Stan
7. 0 i n 1 b1 1 n gt vlil sin 2xci n i 0 where n is the number of samples for an integral number of complete cycles of the input waveform and c is the number of cycles Having computed the real and quadrature components the magnitude and phase of each channel can be derived mag y a12 b12 9 tan 1 b1 al The relative gain and phase of the circuitry under test at that particular frequency is derived from the real and quadrature components by vector division vector gain a jb ch2 a jb ch1 gain magnitude vector gain phase tan 1 b a vector gain The gain is usually quoted in dB dB 20 log10 gain To look at differences in gain from a nominal value an offset gain can be applied either manually or by pressing ZERO 9 2 SFRA45 User Manual offset gain measured dB offset dB The filtering is applied to the real and quadrature components individually rather than the derived magnitude and phase values This gives superior results as any noise contribution to the components would have random phase and therefore would be reduced by filtering The instrument can operate either in real time mode at a single frequency where the gain and phase are filtered and updated on the display or it can sweep a range of frequencies and present the results as a table or graphs of gain and phase The frequency points to be measured are specified with three parameters e number of steps e start f
8. 6mV 50mV 4 100mV 100mV 150mV 5 300mV 316mV 500mV 6 1V 1V 1 5V 7 3V 3 16V 5V 8 10V 10V 10V The maximum input signal that can be accurately measured varies with frequency frequency max input level MHz peak V rms V 1 10 7 5 6 4 10 3 2 15 2 1 4 20 1 5 1 25 1 2 0 8 30 1 0 7 45 0 75 0 5 The input ranges may be selected manually or by autoranging default The start range for autoranging may be selected if it is known that the signal will not be below a certain level There is also an option to autorange up only so that a test may be carried out to find the highest range Once the highest range has been determined the range can be set 8 12 SFRA45 User Manual to manual and the measurement made without losing any data due to range changing Pressing the HOME key or sending TRG restarts the autoranging from the selected minimum range When in an input channel menu the ZERO key provides a quick way to lock and unlock the range When no flashing box is visible in the input channel menu and autoranging is selected pressing the ZERO key selects the range that the instrument is currently using and sets the autoranging to manual thus locking the range and preventing further autoranging Pressing the ZERO key again returns to full autoranging from the bottom range For most measurement functions full autoranging is the most suitable option but some applica
9. Has three options real time table and graph Sweeping a band of frequencies stores each step into a table After the sweep is completed this information may then be displayed as either a table or a graph depending on the option selected Selecting real time returns the display back to normal operation This information may be saved via the PROG key either internally on a memory stick or directly to a PC Sweep Start Sweep End and Sweep Steps The sweep start and sweep end sets the two frequencies over which the band will cover The sweep steps sets the amount of steps taken to cover the frequency band at each step a reading is taken and is set depending on the accuracy and resolution required This can be a maximum of 2000 however the more steps entered the more memory is required Sweep Type Is displayed twice on the function menu as there are two different options for each function These options are linear logarithmic and single continuous these are set depending on the type of sweep required The continuous option repeats the sweep until the HOME ESC key is pressed which stops the sweep 8 3 SFRA45 User Manual Peak Hold Has two options on and off However it is only operational when the continuous sweep option is selected As the sweeps continue this allows the present Sweep readings to be compared against the previous readin
10. LEFT once press number 2 5 3 SFRA45 User Manual 5 2 Numeric data entry Real numbers are entered using the number keys multiplier keys decimal point key or key if signed value is permitted When the character string has been entered pressing the ENTER key sets the parameter to the new value Until the ENTER key is pressed pressing the HOME key aborts the data entry and restores the original number If a data value is entered that is beyond the valid limits for that parameter then a warning is issued and the parameter set as close to the requested value as possible For example the minimum user defined measurement window 10ms if a value of 5ms is entered a warning will be given and the amplitude set to the maximum of 10ms When the parameter is first selected there is no character cursor visible in this condition a new number may be entered directly and will overwrite the existing number To edit a data value rather than overwrite it press the RIGHT key and a cursor will appear New characters are inserted at the cursor position as the keys are pressed or the character before the cursor position can be deleted with the DELETE key Data values are always shown in engineering notation to at least 5 digits 1 0000 999 99 and a multiplier 5 4 SFRA45 User Manual 6 Special functions 6 1 Display zoom The SFRA45 normally displays results on the screen with a combination of small font size no zoom and in
11. MODE PROG SELECT MENUS for non mode specific configuration Also use as numeric keypad when entering parameter values or data ACQU Data E e speed SWEEP Frequency Sweep Control TRIM Generator Trim Control COMMS Communications Option OUT Signal Generator Control CH1 Channel 1 Input Control CH2 Channel 2 Input Control SYS General Systems Options MODE Function Control PROG Recall Store Delete of non volatile programs FOR NUMERIC ENTRY see DATA ENTRY GUIDE 4 4 SFRA45 User Manual 4 5 Control Keys START STOP ZERO TRIG START amp STOP used for Sweeps Either key also triggers single shot in SCOPE mode Use ZERO key for e LCR Mode provides zero compensation information and is used to remove the capacitive element of test leads from the measured impedance e FRA Mode provides OdB reference and dB calculation information TRIGGER or START returns display to Real Time from Hold Also triggers single shot in SCOPE mode The four circular keys on the right have a second function The letter above each key is a numeric multiplier Mi for mega Ki for kilo m for milli and p for micro When entering large or small numbers these multipliers may be used to save key strokes 4 5 SFRA45 User Manual 4 6 Data Entry Guide TEXT ENTRY Text entry can be made via the numerical keypad resembling a telephone keypad Key 1 is symbols key 2 ABC ke
12. SFRA45 User Manual SAFETY READ THIS GUIDE AND SAFETY INFORMATION BEFORE USING THE INSTRUMENT Only use the instrument under the conditions and purpose for which it is intended Ensure that the AC supply Voltage and the power pack Supplied are at the same ratings AC operation is intended for indoor use only This instrument is NOT field repairable Return the unit to Newtons4th Ltd for repair or replacement The instrument is NOT waterproof or airtight Return to the factory for evaluation if exposed to abnormal environmental conditions Do not operate or store under conditions where condensation may occur or where conducting debris may enter the case Keep the ventilation holes on the top and bottom ends of the instrument clear NOTE Operators should follow all standard and specific company safety procedures when using this product and accessories Special precautions must be adhered to when working with or around antennas power lines radio frequency sources etc FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SAFETY RULES MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATH 2 1 SFRA45 User Manual 3 Getting started The SFRA45 is supplied ready to use it comes complete with an appropriate power lead and a set of test leads It is supplied calibrated and does not require anything to be done by the user before it can be put into service Ain Ss 3x 18m BNC Integrated Cable Reel sFRAa45 II de Instrument N4L Bushing Clamps 2GB Memory Stic
13. a larger font size 6 2 PROG non volatile memory store and recall There are 3 types of data which can be saved in non volatile locations Programs Data log Measurement results There are 1000 non volatile program locations where the settings for the entire instrument can be saved for recalled at a later date Each of the 1000 locations has an associated name of up to 200 characters that can be entered by the user to aid identification Program number 1 if not empty is loaded when the instrument is powered on so that the SFRA45 can be set to a user defined state whenever it is switched on This is particularly useful to set system options such as phase convention If no settings have been stored in program 1 then the factory default settings are loaded program number 0 Program numbers 1 6 may be recalled with a single press of the function keys if the direct load option is selected in the system menu see system options The instrument can be restored to the factory default settings at any time by recalling program number 0 6 1 SFRA45 User Manual The program menu is accessed using the PROG key The program location can be selected either by stepping through the program locations in turn to see the name or by entering the program number directly When storing a configuration in a program there will be a short pause of about 1 second if the program location had previously been written or deleted The process wi
14. amount the frequency changes when required to step up or step down The Step type can be either set for linear or logarithmic depending on user preference Output This controls the relevant output connection and has two options off on 8 8 Input Channels Input Has two options from the right menu high zZ and 50 Ohms The two channels are controlled independently but sampled synchronously N4L Clamps Has two options No Yes No will disable clamp correction Yes will enable clamp correction CHx input ranging Has three options full autorange range up only and manual Use full autorange for normal signals allowing the instrument to select the optimum range for the signal level Range up is useful for rapidly fluctuating signals as the shunt will stay on the range suitable for the highest signal level Manual will add CHx input range to the menu where the user can define which range is used This is also applicable to Channel 2 when used in FRA mode The input ranges have nominal full scale values set with a ratio of 1 V10 from 1mV to 10V When the instrument is using selective high frequency measurements heterodyning the ranges extend by approximately 50 This gives the following ranges 8 11 SFRA45 User Manual range reference nominal full scale wideband _ selective 1 3mV 3 16mV 5mV 2 10mV 10mV 15mV 3 30mV 31
15. company name line 2 department or individual name line 3 unique identifying number eg asset number Any user data may be entered as required as the lines are treated purely as text and are not interpreted by KinetiQ at all After changing the user data execute store to save the data in non volatile memory 7 2 SFRA45 User Manual 8 Setup Key Functions 8 1 Acquisition Mode ACQU In normal acquisition mode the window over which the measurements are computed is adjusted to give an integral number of cycles of the input waveform The results from each window are passed through a digital filter equivalent to a first order RC low pass filter Speed Has six pre set speed options very slow slow medium fast very fast and window it adjusts the nominal size of the window and therefore the update rate and the time constant of the filter Greater stability is obtained at the slower speed at the expense of a slower update rate Note that at low frequencies the window is extended to cover a complete cycle of the input waveform even if this is a longer period than the nominal update rate Filter Filter has three options normal slow and none This sets how many samples the instrument takes before updating the display and effectively smoothes the readings If none is selected then the readings are unfiltered and more prone to noise The nominal values are speed updat
16. data inputs from the USER SETTINGS menu the file name time and date stamp serial number last calibration date and other pertinent information The data may be imported into Excel or other programs that can access comma delimited files Section 21 1 is the header information from a sample impedance sweep file The information in the header is explained in the Header Format following the example file Note The header information varies based on the setup of the instrument 14 1 SFRA45 User Manual 14 1 Example Text File 14 2 NEWTONS4TH LTD Instrument type SFRA45 Serial number 1216 _firmware version 2 13 calibration 10_ DEC 2008 1029 SBC User ID user name 1 PowerComm Solutions user name 2 User name 3 John Doe Record file name PCA_RO11 TXT hame Test datestamp mmddyyyy 05262009 timestamp 1132 measurement settings mode impedance meter measurement impedance magnitude Speed medium filter normal generator settings amplitude control V low output amplitude 2 0000E 00 Vrms amplitude step 1 1000E 00 fsk control disabled generator frequency 5 0000E 04 Hz frequency step 1 0000E 02 Hz waveform sinewave output low output impedance 50 Ohms input settings input high Z scale factor 1 0000E 00 CH1 input ranging full autorange sweep settings display graph Sweep start 3 0000E 04 Hz Sweep end 5 0000E 05 Hz sweep steps 32 Sweep type linear sweep ty
17. of the 1EEE488 2 protocol called the 6 5 SFRA45 User Manual standard event status register that can be read by the mandatory command ESR see section 5 1 SFRA45 also maintains a status byte consistent with the requirements of the IEEE488 2 protocol that can be read either with the 1EEE488 serial poll function or by the mandatory command STB over RS232 or USB or LAN see section 5 2 The LAN IP address defaults to auto assigned DHCP but can be set manually by the REMOTE menu RS232 data format is start bit 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Flow control is RTS CTS see section 5 2 baud rate is selectable via the REMOTE menu A summary of the available commands is given in the Appendix Details of each command are given in the communications manual Commands are executed in sequence except for two special characters that are immediately obeyed Control T 20 reset interface device clear Control U 21 warm restart 6 6 SFRA45 User Manual 6 5 Standard event status register PON CME EXE DDE QYE OPC bitO0 OPC operation complete cleared by most commands set when data available bit 2 QYE unterminated query error set if no message ready when data read bit 3 DDE device dependent error set when the instrument has an error bit 4 EXE execution error set when the command cannot be executed bit 5 CME command interpretation error set when a command has n
18. over the RS232 with the REZERO command This dc offset trim measures the dc present while the autozero switch is active and applies an equal and opposite offset via the D A converter so that the input range to the A D is optimised The measurement of the remaining offset also happens when the offset is trimmed but is also repeated at regular intervals This is to compensate for any thermal drift in the amplifier chain Real time measurement is not possible while the autozero measurement is in progress so this repeated autozero function can be disabled via the SYSTEM OPTIONS menu LCR mode provides zero compensation information and is used to remove the capacitive element of test leads from the measured impedance Select compensate then Enter to start zero compensation or clear compensation then Enter to clear any previous compensation The display shown below appears when the zero key is pressed DUT means Device under Test be sure to clear compensation before doing further testing 6 3 SFRA45 User Manual ZERO COMPENSATION To compensate for long connection leads when making impedance measurements connect the cables to the instrument but leave them disconnected from the DUT Ensure that the disconnected terminals are not touching anything Select the compensate option below and press ENTER compensate In case you want to clear the compensation Select the clear compensation option below and press EN
19. products An example comment form can be found at the end of this manual if you have any comments or observations on the product please fill a copy of this form with as much detail as possible then fax or post it to us Alternatively send an e mail with your comments 14 6 SFRA45 comments Serial main release number dsp release fpga release boot release press SYS then LEFT your contact details comments detailed description of application or circumstances Please post or fax to Newtons4th Ltd
20. storing up to 999 setups readings can be saved and each must have a unique number Memory location 0 is the factory default setting The delete option allows the user to delete any setup or reading Location amp Name These functions are used together Location must have a number but name is optional and can remain as empty Using the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys allows the location to be incremented or decremented 0 factory default Execute Execute is used to control the action option After selecting an action store recall or delete the execute option is selected and the enter key pressed If the memory location selected already has results or a setup stored then the option select here and press ENTER to overwrite appears warning the user the location number already has data stored in it 8 11 Storing Results Press the Prog key e Displays the Program Store Recall screen Memory e Select internal File type e Select results 8 18 SFRA45 User Manual Location e Using the Left Right arrow keys increase or decrease the number until an empty location is found Name e Using the alpha numeric keys Action e Select Store then Enter This adds user data to the function menu using the alpha numeric keys This will appear as the 3 line of user data on the systems user settings screen DE Execute e Select
21. the first time the instrument has been operated and therefore the user may not be familiar with the initial setup This section provides guidance in order to capture signals which are unknown in amplitude e Switch on the SFRA45 unit The display should illuminate with the model name and the firmware version for a few seconds while it performs initial tests It should then default to the Frequency Response Analyzer FRA display e Select the RMS mode by pressing the RMS button e Give the unit two minutes to warm up and then press the ZERO button e Connect the output lead of the output BNC to CH1 and CH2 inputs e Press the OUT key to call up the output menu and set the output to ON Set the output amplitude to 2V Exit the menu by pressing the ENTER button or the HOME Button twice e The display should indicate an RMS value of around 470mV Input Impedance set to 50 Ohms e Press the FRA key to select the frequency response and check the gain reads 0 000dB 0 010dB and that the phase reads 0 000 0 010 In the event of any problem with this procedure please contact customer services at Newtons4th Ltd or your local authorised representative contact addresses and telephone numbers are given in the appendix at the back of this manual 3 6 SFRA45 User Manual 4 Quick Start guide 4 1 Operating Mode Keys FRA LCR RMS SCOPE PILI LIL The operating Mode Keys FRA LCR RMS SCOPE allow direct acc
22. unit under test typically customer serial number or location identifier of the transformer or reactor Manufacturer DUT manufacturer Le the manufacturer of the transformer or reactor by the manufacturer Serial Number DUT Serial Number Measurement Setup Reference Terminal identification of the DUT terminal to which the reference and source leads were connected Response Terminal Identification of the DUT terminal to which the response lead is connected Connected Terminals Identification of all terminals which were connected together during the measurement Tor eg al b1 c1 a2 b2 c2 would indicate that al b1 and cl are connected together and a2 b2 c2 were separately connected together OLTC the tap position indicated on the DUT during measurement Temperature the temperature of the DUT during measurement specified in degrees Celsius Unshielded Length Length of the unshielded connection for each lead 8 8 SFRA45 User Manual Fluid Filled Has two options yes or no Yes or No depending on whether the test object was fully filled with normal operating fluid during measurement 8 6 AUX KEY This is for the Auxiliary Port Settings and is for future applications it is not functional at this time 8 9 SFRA45 User Manual 8 7 OUTPUT KEY The Output key controls the Signal Generator The signal generator is a Direct Digital Synthesis DDS single or sweep frequency generator It generates
23. 1468E 04 4 7835E 02 1 0924E 04 5 2306E 02 1 6469E 05 5 7575E 02 1 6592E 05 6 4062E 02 1 6714E 05 7 2129E 02 1 6837E 05 8 2443E 02 1 6959E 05 9 6025E 02 1 7082E 05 1 1480E 03 1 7204E 05 1 4224E 03 1 7327E 05 1 8611E 03 1 7449E 05 2 6516E 03 1 7571E 05 4 3198E 03 1 7694E 05 6 7700E 03 8 6835E 01 8 6313E 01 8 5656E 01 8 4810E 01 8 3673E 01 8 7134E 03 8 2109E 01 8 3617E 03 7 9769E 01 8 0082E 03 7 5908E 01 7 6439E 03 6 8864E 01 7 3535E 03 5 2361E 01 7 0735E 03 6 1537E 00 6 8092E 03 1 0430E 04 9 9621E 03 9 5223E 03 9 1143E 03 5 7663E 02 6 4195E 02 7 2337E 02 8 2782E 02 9 6614E 02 1 1589E 03 1 4454E 03 1 9189E 03 2 8428E 03 5 4552E 03 6 3152E 04 1 7816E 05 4 6626E 03 4 4704E 01 6 5601E 03 6 6282E 03 1 7939E 05 2 8250E 03 6 3450E 01 6 3203E 03 3 1581E 03 SFRA45 User Manual 1 8061E 05 1 9707E 03 7 1084E 01 6 0789E 03 2 0832E 03 1 8184E 05 1 5017E 03 7 5157E 01 5 8618E 03 1 5535E 03 1 8306E 05 1 2105E 03 7 7630E 01 5 6503E 03 1 2393E 03 1 8429E 05 1 0138E 03 7 9289E 01 5 4552E 03 1 0318E 03 1 8551E 05 8 7227E 02 8 0463E 01 5 2643E 03 8 8450E 02 1 8674E 05 7 6550E 02 8 1345E 01 5 0871E 03 7 7432E 02 1 8796E 05 6 8228E 02 8 2022E 01 4 9162E 03 6 8895E 02 1 8918E 05 6 1556E 02 8 2563E 01 4 7553E 03 6 2078E 02 1 9041E 05 5 6086E 02 8 3000E 01 4 6022E 03 5 6507E 02 1 9163E 05 5 1521E 02 8 3355E 01 4 4521E 03 5 1870E 02 1 9286E 05 4
24. 7641E 02 8 3605E 01 4 2773E 03 4 7939E 02 1 9408E 05 4 4332E 02 8 3859E 01 4 1438E 03 4 4587E 02 1 9531E 05 4 1459E 02 8 4073E 01 4 0149E 03 4 1682E 02 1 9653E 05 3 8945E 02 8 4259E 01 3 8935E 03 3 9142E 02 1 9776E 05 3 6727E 02 8 4421E 01 3 7777E 03 3 6902E 02 1 9898E 05 3 4753E 02 8 4561E 01 3 6662E 03 3 4910E 02 2 0020E 05 3 2988E 02 8 4684E 01 3 5609E 03 3 3131E 02 2 0143E 05 3 1396E 02 8 4787E 01 3 4556E 03 3 1526E 02 2 0265E 05 2 9957E 02 8 4880E 01 3 3566E 03 3 0077E 02 2 0388E 05 2 8649E 02 8 4962E 01 3 2622E 03 2 8760E 02 2 0510E 05 2 7451E 02 8 5035E 01 3 1716E 03 2 7555E 02 2 0633E 05 2 6356E 02 8 5098E 01 3 0842E 03 2 6452E 02 2 0755E 05 2 5345E 02 8 5156E 01 3 0014E 03 2 5436E 02 2 0878E 05 2 4412E 02 8 5210E 01 2 9231E 03 2 4497E 02 2 1000E 05 2 3547E 02 8 5255E 01 2 8464E 03 2 3628E 02 14 5 SFRA45 User Manual Appendix A Contact details Please direct all queries or comments regarding the SFRA45 instrument or manual to Newtons4th Ltd 30 Loughborough Rd Mountsorrel LOUGHBOROUGH LE12 7AT United Kingdom Tel 0116 230 1066 international 44 116 230 1066 Fax 0116 230 1061 international 44 116 230 1061 E mail address sales newtons4th com office newtons4th com web site www newtons4th com At Newtons4th Ltd we have a policy of continuous product improvement and are always keen to hear comments whether favourable or unfavourable from users of our
25. SANAL SFRA45 USER MANUAL MNAL SFRA45 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer H e 3 H ES S E 2 y CALTEST Instruments GmbH Caltest Instruments GmbH Tel 49 0 7842 99722 00 Fax 49 0 7842 99722 29 www caltest de Kohlmattstrasse 7 D 77876 KAPPELRODECK info caltest de Do not be hasty when making measurements The SFRA455 is a precision instrument that provides you with the tools to make a wide variety of measurements accurately reliably and efficiently but good metrology practice must be observed Take time to read this manual and familiarise yourself with the features of the instrument in order to use it most effectively gt SP P bb DANGER OF ELECTRIC SHOCK Only qualified personnel should install this equipment after reading and understanding this user manual If in doubt consult your supplier RISQUE D ELECTROCUTION L installation de cet quipement ne doit tre confi e qu a un personnel qualifi ayant lu et compris le pr sent manuel d utilisation Dans le doute s adresser au fournisseur GEFAHR VON ELEKTRI SCHEM SCHOCK Nur entsprechend ausgebildetes Personal ist berechtigt diese Ausr stung nach dem Lesen und Verst ndnis dieses Anwendungshandbuches zu installieren Falls Sie Zweifel haben sollten wenden Sie sich bitte an Ihren Lieferanten RISCHIO DI SCARI CHE ELETTRICHE Solo personale qualificato pu installare questo strumento dopo la lettura e la comprensio
26. Sine Square and Triangular waveforms over a frequency range from 5Hz to 45MHz together with a noise option The low level output is 10Vpk into high impedance load 5Hz to 45MHz It may be used independently of the other instruments that are connected to the instrument or in conjunction with them The output negative is connected to the case The maximum output available from the generator is a function of frequency Frequency output level into 502 MHz peak V rms V 5 5 3 5 10 3 2 15 2 1 4 20 1 5 1 25 1 2 0 8 30 1 0 7 45 0 75 0 5 Amplitude Control Has two options V or dBm and controls how amplitude and amplitude step is displayed on the screen Amplitude is displayed either in Volts or dBm and is adjusted using the output amplitude or amplitude step menu function Amplitude step is set in either volts or db times the step value The amplitude step can be set as small as one millivolt or 0 001 dBm Once the step has been set using the up down arrow keys with the main display will increase decrease the amplitude by the step factor 8 10 SFRA45 User Manual Waveform Has five options sinewave squarewave triangle ramp and white noise The use and selection of the different waveforms is dependent on user need Generator Frequency This function determines the generator output frequency The Frequency Step function determines the multiple
27. TER clear compensation FRA mode provides OdB reference and dB calculation information It is useful when looking for changes in gain under specific conditions such as where an attenuator 3dB cut off point occurs in relation to the OdB reference 6 4 SFRA45 User Manual 6 4 Using Remote Control The SFRA45 is fitted with an RS232 serial communications port a USB port and a LAN port as standard All the interfaces use the same ASCII protocol Rx expects Tx sends RS232 Carriage return Carriage return USB line feed ignored and line feed LAN All the functions of SFRA45 can be programmed via any of the interfaces and results read back The commands are not case sensitive and white space characters are ignored e g tabs and spaces Replies from the SFRA45 are always upper case delimited by commas Fields within a command are delimited by comma multiple commands can be sent on one line delimited with a semi colon Eg BANDW LOW SPEED SLOW Mandatory commands specified in the EEE488 2 protocol have been implemented e g IDN RST and all commands that expect a reply are terminated with a question mark Data values returned by the SFRA45 are in scientific notation with a 5 digit mantissa by default For extra resolution this can be increased to 6 digit by setting resolution to high in the REMOTE menu The SFRA45 maintains an error status byte consistent with the requirements
28. and phase v frequency Pressing HOME or TRIG restarts the real time measurement at the selected frequency 9 4 9 1 SFRA45 User Manual FRA Screen Display Areas The main area shows frequency gain phase and delay measurements as follows Frequency This is the frequency the generator has been set to Gain Shows the measured amplification attenuation between the input and output Phase This is the relationship seen between the input and output phases Delay This determines the time between the input and output phases and considers this measurement to be the delay time Level The bottom left level displays the input rms voltage being fed into the system under test Note The output level of the generator when connected to one of the inputs may differ to the measurement reading on the FRA display This is apparent when the load isn t equal to the generator impedance setting Level The bottom right level displays the output rms voltage from the system under test 9 5 SFRA45 User Manual The other areas are GENERATOR area Displays the generator frequency the output level and if the output is set to on INPUT area Displays the input channel selected When the INPUT displays anything but high it is in the terminate mode The inputs available are high and 509 MEASURE area Displays the measurement
29. asserted and can only receive if DCD pin 1 is asserted KinetiQ constantly asserts 12V DTR pin 4 so this pin can be connected to any unwanted modem control inputs to force operation without handshaking KinetiQ has a weak pull up on pin 1 as many null modem cables leave it open circuit In electrically noisy environments this pin should be driven or connected to pin 4 To connect the SFRA45 to a PC use a 9 pin female to 9 pin female null modem cable 1 amp 6 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 amp 6 5 5 7 8 8 7 6 9 SFRA45 User Manual 6 8 RS232 printer The RS232 port can also be connected to a Serial printer for making a hard copy of any screen When printing is enabled in the REMOTE menu then pressing START will commence a screen dump to the printer The graphic protocol used is the ESC P so any printer which supports this protocol should work such as the Seiko DPU 414 The other communication options USB LAN or GPIB can still be used while the RS232 printer is enabled 6 10 SFRA45 User Manual 7 System options Press SYS to access the system options Measurements of phase can be expressed in one of three conventional formats 180 to 180 commonly used in circuit analysis 0 to 360 commonly used in power applications 0 to 360 The measurement is exactly the same it is only the way that it is expressed that changes The oscilloscope display may be made up of single points or lines Each
30. dard event status register 6 7 6 6 Serial Poll status Dye eege ee ee Eege 6 8 6 7 RS232 alle d Lei EE 6 9 6 8 EE kee ees 6 10 System elle E 7 1 7 1 User EE 7 2 Setup Key FUNCION Siria 8 1 8 1 Acquisition Mode ACQU ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 8 1 8 2 Sweep Mode Key SWEEP ooocccccccccccccncncccnnnnncnnnoo 8 3 8 3 Trim mode CERI MY casaca di ds 8 6 8 4 Comms Key COMMS si 8 7 8 5 SIN 8 7 SFRA45 User Manual 8 6 AUX a Sane ee a 8 9 8 7 OUTPUT KEY ee 8 10 8 8 if ee e 8 11 8 9 System Key FUNCHONS cocinada Eed geheie edel 8 14 8 10 Prog Key FUNCIONS ici li da 8 17 8 11 Storing ROSUIES cursi eE 8 18 8 12 Recalling Results iio idas 8 20 8 13 Deleting Keel Sub decries gue ser innata alinear da 8 20 8 14 Memory Status e Seet datada cdas 8 22 9 Frequency Response Analvzer 9 1 9 1 FRA Screen Display Areas 9 5 10 Impedance Mode 10 1 10 1 LCR Screen Display Areas 10 2 TL AC RMS leie EE 11 1 12 Oscilloscope MOUS ralla 12 1 13 Technical Gpecfcations 13 1 14 Appendix A Text bletommat 14 1 14 1 Example Text File 14 2 142 Text File Header Format Explanation ooooocccccccccco oo 14 3 143 Text File Example Sweep Data 14 4 Appendix A Contact details 14 6 vi Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E SFRA45 User Manual APPENDICES Accessories Serial command summary Available character set Configurable parameters Contact details vii SFRA45 User Manual 1 I
31. e DC source outlet socket AC DC Adapter The AC DC adapter can accept a wide AC input range 100 to 240Vac Adapter plugs are available to accommodate the various country standards Battery Power The instrument is shipped with a battery source consisting of 3 lithium polymer rechargeable batteries DC Input The instrument is supplied with a 6 meter vehicle power adaptor lead The vehicle DC source outlet socket can then be used to power and charge the instrument The DC input will operate with a 9 18V dc source at 3A however the equipment warranty does not cover any damage caused by any other source than the ones provided with this instrument Charging the batteries The instrument has a sophisticated battery monitoring and charging system providing the user with a battery status indication When running on battery power the monitor goes from green to orange to red indicating the state of the batteries The instrument will beep and a prompt on the screen appears when power levels are at a stage when data or set up information should be stored When receiving the instrument it is recommended that the batteries are first charged and fully discharged two or three times to help extend battery life Finally fully charge the batteries before using the instrument The system provides the following indications while the batteries are charging 3 3 SFRA45 User Manual e When charging blue with gt gt gt gt e When fi
32. e normal slow time rate time constant constant fast 1 20s 0 2s 0 8s medium 1 3s 1 5s DS slow 2 55 12s 48s very slow 10s 48s 192s 8 1 SFRA45 User Manual Minimum Cycles There is also an option to set a specific size of the window to a value other than the preset options In order to synchronise to an integral number of cycles the window size is either reduced by up to 25 or increased as necessary Graph Graph has three options dual gain and phase This sets how the frequency response is displayed the two options work in conjunction with the computation option Selecting gain plots the gain or loss of the signal levels between the two channels Phase plots the phase angle difference between the two channels Bandwidth Bandwidth has two options auto and wide The bandwidth of the instrument usually set to auto can be forced to wide When not in auto selection heterodyning is disabled and the bandwidth is wide 8 2 SFRA45 User Manual 8 2 Sweep Mode Key SWEEP All ac measurements using the SFRA45 generator can be swept across a frequency range The start frequency stop frequency and number of steps up to 2000 can be specified The measurements are subjected to the same speed constraints set in the ACQU menu but the filtering does not apply on each measurement point If continuous sweep is selected then the filtering is applied to each successive sweep Display
33. ess to the main operating modes of the instrument FRA Frequency Response Analyzer Selects the Frequency Response Analyzer Mode LCR Impedance Analyzer Selects the Impedance Analyzer Mode RMS AC RMS Selects the AC RMS Mode Scope Scope Mode The factory default setting is the FRA Mode Press the operating mode key FRA etc a second time or press the MODE key to access mode specific options 4 1 4 2 4 2 SFRA45 User Manual Menu Control Keys A HOME lt q Ol ESC DELETE ENTER BACK NEXT ENTER NEXT confirms your selection or parameter value data entry HOME ESC returns to the original entry or to your previous action DELETE BACK removes a previous selection or value or returns to your previous action ARROW KEYS Up Down L R to move around menu options make incremental decremental changes etc Also to position cursors in SCOPE mode SFRA45 User Manual 4 3 Display Control Keys ZOOM ZOOM REALTIME TABLE GRAPH ON fe N N Z N Pa N d d SU AQ Wa IE NR Display Zoom a Return to no zoom by pressing ZOOM b Press ZOOM to zoom in Real time Toggles between continuous display readings and Table graphs Table Graph Select tabular or graphical presentation of sweep data 4 3 SFRA45 User Manual 4 4 Setup Keys Keypad 1 ABC 2 DEF 3 ACQU SWEEP TRIM GHI 4 JKL5 MNO 6 COMMS DUT AUX PQRS7 TUV 8 WXYZ 9 OUT CH1 CH2 l 0 e SYS
34. f information which is saved in a data file when save is selected and ENTER pressed User Data Example Default 1 Newtons4th Ltd can be overwritten Figure 14 2 is an example which in this case shows the station name line number and technician name The third user data line ie technician name is the data displayed on the PROGRAM STORE RECALL display screen 8 15 SFRA45 User Manual USER SETTINGS User data Newtons4th Ltd User data User data save Figure 14 1 Main Settings USER SETTINGS User data Power Station XYZ User data Line 2 User data Will Power save Figure 14 2 example data Data Screen The instrument Data screen is accessed by pressing the System Key followed by the left arrow key This displays the following system information serial number impedance manufacturing code main release DSP release FPGA release boot release and last calibration From this data the user can see the instrument traceability information firmware release levels calibration date etc and determine if any updates are necessary or if the instrument is due calibration 8 16 SFRA45 User Manual 8 10 Prog Key Functions Allows the user to internally or externally store and recall instrument setups and readings It has the following functions memory file type action location name and execute
35. gs which then determines the highest level reached Phase Gain Graph Scaling Has two options auto and manual in most cases auto scaling will work and adjusts the graph scale automatically to suit the measurement levels When a more specific graph scale is needed then the manual option may be selected This adds two functions to the left menu graph maximum and graph minimum here both levels can be specifically set Frequency Marker Has three options off single and dual If single is selected this adds marker 1 function to the left menu and If dual is selected this also adds marker 2 function to the left menu allowing the setting of a specific frequency to be entered While in the sweep mode it draws a vertical line on the graph at that frequency allowing the user to determine the measurement at that desired frequency a Search for Peak Has two options on and off However in LCR mode it has three options Off Single and Dual If on is selected this draws a vertical line at the frequency of peak measurement or the option of one or two frequency peaks in LCR mode At the end of a sweep the generator may be set to be on or off The settings used are those in the normal generator menu 8 4 SFRA45 User Manual The graph is normal scaled to 100dB and 22dB this can be manually set to other values or set to auto
36. iles are stored either internally or on the USB memory stick Storing data to the memory stick creates two files One file extension is pcs and is used by the software interface provided by Newtons4th Ltd The other file is a comma delimited text file with the txt extension Full information is provided in the appendix on this file format 8 22 SFRA45 User Manual 9 Frequency Response Analyzer The instrument measures the gain and phase of channel 2 relative to channel 1 using a discrete Fourier transform DFT algorithm at the fundamental frequency The DFT technique can measure phase as well as magnitude and is inherently good at rejecting noise it is much more reliable than measuring the rms at one point relative to another point The circuit can be characterised by computing the gain and phase at a number of points over a frequency range This gives results that show the transfer function of the circuit as a graph on the display The DFT analysis yields two components in phase and quadrature or a and b values from which the magnitude and phase can be derived Considering the components at the fundamental frequency The fundamental in phase and quadrature values of a periodic waveform v are given by 2m al 1 7 v o cos o do 0 2m bl 1 x J v o sin do 0 9 1 SFRA45 User Manual For a sampled signal the formulae become i n 1 al 1 n gt v il cos 2xci n i
37. impedance reference and the speed of measurement update 9 6 SFRA45 User Manual 10 Impedance Mode The meter is used to measure the impedance of different circuits and can range from 100 to 100k Typically used in power line carrier applications this could be a line trap or parallel L C in a line tuner etc The signal generator must be turned on to read impedance Note when LCR mode is selected it automatically turns the signal generator on For impedance measurements normally the low output of the signal generator is fed into the high Z input and the circuit under test Through the internal shunt the instrument measures the current drawn from the signal generator while the input measures the voltage across the circuit being tested When sweeping across a band the instrument can detect up to two impedance peaks and markers can be set for both From the fundamental components of voltage a jb and those of the current c jd the complex impedance is given by z v i a jb c jd 10 1 SFRA45 User Manual 10 1 LCR Screen Display Areas The main area shows frequency impedance phase and level measurements as follows Frequency is the frequency the generator is currently running at Impedance is the value Q measured as a ratio of the voltage and phase angles Phase is the phase angle in degrees between the voltage and current phases Level i
38. ing before activating the generator in order to prolong battery life Loading a Reference Sweep internal results file directory 02 05 21 L236 B 22 05 2008 MJG n a n a 10 01 2013 L236 d C 23 05 2008 0123456739 A B 18 05 2008 0123456789 d B 18 05 2008 Press RECALL SWEEP to toggle between Internal and USB memory Pressing the SWEEP RECALL button to the far top right of the keypad will open the file directory Pressing again will toggle between the external usb memory stick memory and the internal memory 4 9 SFRA45 User Manual By Pressing ENTER on the selected sweep Selected using the UP and DOWN arrow keys the sweep data will be loaded including all sweep acquisition settings 4 10 SFRA45 User Manual 5 Using the menus The SFRA45 is a very versatile instrument with many configurable parameters These parameters are accessed from the front panel via a number of menus shown in the table below ACQU Data EE speed SWEEP Frequency Sweep Control TRIM Generator Trim Control COMMS Communications Option OUT Signal Generator Control CH1 Channel 1 Input Control CH2 Channel 2 Input Control SYS General Systems Options MODE Function Control PROG Recall Store Delete of non volatile programs Each menu starts with the currently set parameters visible but no cursor In this condition pressing the menu key again or the HOME key aborts the menu operation a
39. k Aluminium Carry Case 2x Earth Clamps and 5m Earth braids The instrument is housed in a rugged aluminium case and is provided with various accessories together as shown above 3 1 5 7 Colour Display to maximize Visibility in all conditions Rugged metal casing ideal for fi use SFRA45 User Manual Weight 2 7 Kgs ANAL SFRA45 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer Operates from an internal rechargeable Lithium lon Battery an AC DC Power Source or an external 12V Vehicle Battery Tablet Style Dimensions eld Ge oscar e 12 x9 x 1 75 305mm x 230mm x 45mm Further Features Include 3 2 Up to 1000 analyzer setups readings and sweep results can be stored On board real time clock 6 digit freq 5 digit volts and 4 digit dBm resolution Operational temperature range 5 to 50 C 1GB internal flash storage and ports Many of the instrument test functions will provide the user with valuable information Therefore 1 Gigabyte of memory an external USB port and an RJ 45 input connection for laptop connectivity provides a versatile solution for storage and communication SFRA45 User Manual The instrument can be powered by multiple sources directly from the AC DC Adapter from the internal battery source Lithium polymer batteries or directly through the DC input 9 18V 3A source required The instrument is shipped with a 6 meter power adapter lead that permits use through a vehicl
40. key press is normally accompanied by an audible beep as well as the tactile click The beep can be disabled for quiet environments if the feel of the key is sufficient feedback Regular autozero measurements can be suppressed The main function keys can be used to load stored configurations as a one touch way of configuring the instrument for specific applications This is particularly useful in a production environment where an operator has a small number of specific tests to perform To save these system settings as default store the setup in program 1 so that they are reloaded on power on Pressing RIGHT from the SYSTEM OPTIONS menu selects the USER DATA screen where up to three lines of user specified text may be entered The first line is displayed on power up all three lines may be read remotely by the command USER to identify the instrument 7 1 SFRA45 User Manual Pressing LEFT from first SYSTEM OPTIONS menu displays the serial number manufacture code release versions and calibration date These cannot be changed by the user 7 1 User data The SFRA45 can be personalised by entering up to 3 lines of user data as text see section on text entry User data is displayed every time that the instrument is switched on to identify the instrument The entered text may also be read over the communications to identify the instrument see USER Typical arrangement of the user data might be line 1
41. ll be very quick if the location has not been used When recalling a program it may be desirable for the program to recall the selected communications interface that was in use when the program was stored RS232 or USB etc Alternatively it is more common for the communications interface to be associated with the instrument rather than a stored program There is a selectable option in the REMOTE menu to enable the recall with program If this is off then recalling the program will not change the communications interface All file directory information can be displayed by pressing the Prog key and then the Start button This will allow all the information to be displayed as a table and show what the internal file directory contains By pressing the Start button again exits the directory Data and files can also be stored and downloaded via a USB memory device When using a large capacity or slow device all the data may not be transferred within the transfer time window If this happens it will be recognised and a display caption appears to prompt the user to press any Key to terminate the transfer when completed 6 2 SFRA45 User Manual 6 3 Zero Compensation There are 2 levels of zero compensation Trim out the dc offset in the input amplifier chain Measure any remaining offset and compensate The trim of the dc offset in the input amplifier chain can be manually performed with the ZERO key or
42. ls are specified Note When dBm mode level control is selected the trim level is entered as dBm but the tolerance remains a linear percentage of the actual voltage not the logarithmic dBm measure 8 6 SFRA45 User Manual 8 4 Comms Key COMMS Resolution Has two options normal and high this alters the number of digits being displayed Interface Has three options RS232 USB and LAN depending on the interface the user requires to connect the instrument with Baud Rate Only appears when RS232 interface is selected and has four settings 38400 19200 9600 and 1200 depending on the data rate of the system the instrument is interfacing with USB Option The USB option activates the Type B connector at the bottom of the meter LAN Option This option activates the LAN connector at the bottom of the meter and adds an IP address function to the menu The address can be entered using the arrow keys 8 5 DUT Key Select the application specific options form the MODE menu Mode Has two options none and power transformer mode 8 7 SFRA45 User Manual Power Transformers In this mode the measurement results will be stored in XML format which fully complies with 1EC60076 18 This standard is applicable to power transformers reactors phase shifting transformers and similar equipment Transformer Setup Identifier sequence of letters and or numbers to identify the
43. nd reverts back to normal operation To select any parameter press the UP or DOWN key and a flashing box will move around the menu selecting each parameter In this condition the keys take on their secondary function such as numbers 0 9 multipliers n G etc 5 1 SFRA45 User Manual Pressing the HOME key first time reverts to the opening state where the parameters are displayed but the cursor is hidden Pressing the HOME key at this point exits the menu sequence and reverts back to normal operation To abort the menu sequence press the HOME key twice There are three types of data entry selection from a list numeric text 5 2 SFRA45 User Manual 5 1 Selection from a list This data type is used where there are only specific options available such as the smoothing may be normal slow or none the graph drawing algorithm may use dots or lines When the flashing cursor is highlighting the parameter the RIGHT key steps forward through the list and the LEFT key steps backwards through the list The number keys 0 9 step directly to that point in the list which provides a quick way to jump through long lists There is no need to press the ENTER key with this data type For example if the smoothing selection list comprises the options normal item 0 slow item 1 none item 2 and the presently selected option is normal there are 3 ways to select none press RIGHT two times press
44. nd only to the first trigger event captured By pressing the Home Esc key re arms the trigger circuit for the next event capture Trigger Polarity Has two options rising edge and falling edge Selecting rising edge sets the oscilloscope to start the sweep when the trigger voltage goes positive 12 1 SFRA45 User Manual Selecting falling edge sets the oscilloscope to start the sweep when the trigger voltage goes negative Pre trigger Has four options none 25 50 and 75 This determines the amount of pre trigger or waveform display delay based on the mark space ratio time of the waveform None has no pre triggering and therefore the waveform starts at the beginning of the trace 25 has a pre trigger time of a quarter of the mark space ratio time so the triggering edge of the waveform is displayed after the trace starts by 25 of the mark space ratio time This is also applicable for 50 and 75 depending on the pre trigger time required a Traces Traces has three options single dual and ch2 current This selects either single or dual trace input voltage operation However in ch2 this will show the current waveform developed across the generator shunt 12 2 SFRA45 User Manual 13 Technical Specifications AC RMS Channels 2 Ground Referenced Measurement AC RMS dbm peak cf surge Frequency 5Hz to 5MHz Input
45. ne di questo manuale Se esistono dubbiconsultate il vostro rivenditore PELI GRO DE DESCARGA EL CTRI CA Solo personal cualificado debe instalar este instrumento despu s de la lectura y comprensi n de este manual de usuario En caso de duda consultar con su suministrador SFRA45 User Manual IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS This equipment is designed to comply with BSEN 61010 1 2001 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use observe the following precautions Ensure that the supply voltage agrees with the rating of the instrument printed on the back panel before connecting the mains cord to the supply This appliance must be earthed Ensure that the instrument is powered from a properly grounded supply The inputs are rated at 1kV rms or dc cat Il 600V rms or dc cat III Do not exceed the rated input Keep the ventilation holes on the underneath and rear free from obstruction Do not operate or store under conditions where condensation may occur or where conducting debris may enter the case There are no user serviceable parts inside the instrument do not attempt to open the instrument refer service to the manufacturer or his appointed agent Note Newtons4th Ltd shall not be liable for any consequential damages losses costs or expenses arising from the use or misuse of this product however caused SFRA45 User Manual DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Manufactu
46. nished charging but power connected blank e If batteries get too hot charging is suspended red with XXXX Changing the batteries Only qualified personnel trained and knowledgeable in electronic instrument repair and safety having read this guide should attempt to change the batteries Disconnect the instrument from all external power sources Remove the four 4 hex bolts from the sides of the instrument housing 2 on each side NOTE Proper anti static precautions should be used when opening the instrument such as a grounding strap Note the position and location of all ribbon cables Disconnect ribbon cables as necessary to securely rest the instrument cover face down Cut the tie wraps holding the batteries in and remove all of the old batteries NOTE All three batteries should be replaced at the same time Make sure disposal of the used batteries is in accordance with the local country regulations Make sure the batteries are first charged and fully discharged two or three times to help extend battery life Then finally fully charge the new batteries before using the instrument Communications The instrument has communication interface ports supporting USB RS232 and LAN options 3 4 SFRA45 User Manual Communication and Power Panel Ventilation fan 12v USB Port Power Inlet usg Memory Stick Power Button 3 5 SFRA45 User Manual Getting started with Initial Signal Capture This may be
47. ntroduction General principles of operation The SFRA45 Selective Level Meter is designed to provide a single instrument solution for multiple applications in the Power Transformer industry and specifically the Power Testing Systems environment Features include e AC RMS Voltmeter e Signal Generator e Frequency Response Analyzer e LCR Meter Inductance Capacitance Resistance Measurement e Oscilloscope The SFRA45 has a wide bandwidth generator output that can be used as a signal generator for sine square or triangular waveforms The SFRA45 has two high bandwidth voltage inputs which use direct digital analysis at low frequencies and a heterodyning technique to give high accuracy at high frequencies The voltage inputs are simultaneously sampled and the data is analysed in real time by high speed DSPs digital signal processors A separate CPU central processing unit takes the DSP results for display and communications At the heart of the system is an FPGA field programmable gate array that interfaces the various elements The whole operation of the instrument may be controlled remotely via a serial interface RS232 USB or a LAN Interface The programmable nature of the instrument means that new functions can be added as they become available or existing functions can be enhanced by simple firmware download Both the input channels are calibrated digitally so there are no physical adjustments to be made 1 1 2
48. ot been recognised bit 7 PON power on event set when power first applied or unit has reset The bits in the standard event status register except for OPC are set by the relevant event and cleared by specific command ESR CLS RST OPC is also cleared by most commands that change any part of the configuration of the instrument such as MODE or START 6 7 SFRA45 User Manual 6 6 Serial Poll status byte ESB MAV ALA FDV RDV bit 0 RDV bit 2 FDV bit 3 ALA bit 4 MAV bit 5 ESB 6 8 result data available set when results are available to be read as enabled by DAVER fast data available streaming set when data streaming results are available to be read as enabled by DAVER alarm active set when an alarm becomes active as enabled by ALARMER message available set when a message reply is waiting to be read standard event summary bit set if any bit in the standard event status register is set as well as the corresponding bit in the standard event status enable register set by ESE SFRA45 User Manual 6 7 RS232 connections The RS232 port on SFRA45 uses the same pinout as a standard 9 pin serial port on a PC or laptop 9 pin male D type Pin Function Direction 1 DCD in weak pull up 2 RX data in 3 TX data out 4 DTR out 5 GND 6 DSR not used 7 RTS out 8 CTS in 9 RI not used The SFRA45 will only transmit when CTS pin 8 is
49. pe single graph scaling auto marker off search for peak off SFRA45 User Manual 14 2 Text File Header Format Explanation The first line NEWTONS4TH LTD is the name of the company that manufactures the instrument and is embedded in the firmware Lines two to five are the serial number of the instrument manufacturing code firmware release versions and date of last calibration This information is accessed by pressing the SYSTEM key and the LEFT ARROW key Lines six to nine are the user data area This information is accessed by pressing the SYSTEM key and the RIGHT ARROW key Lines ten to thirteen are from the PROGRAM STORE RECALL menu These lines provide the number 000 to 999 of the file location the name of the file and the date and time stamp that was provided at the time the data was saved in the instrument Lines 14 to 17 are from the MEASUREMENT SETTINGS menu These lines provide the mode the instrument was in when the data was acquired how the measurement was taken and the speed and filter settings Lines 18 to 26 are the GENERATOR SETTINGS These lines provide the settings of the generator at the time the data was acquired Lines 27 to 29 are the INPUT SETTINGS These lines provide the input settings at the time the data was acquired Lines 30 to 38 are the SWEEP SETTINGS These lines provide the input settings at the time the data was acquired
50. rements prevents the use of heterodyning so the frequency range of the measurement is limited to 5MHz To minimise noise there is a 50kHz filter applied by default To obtain the full bandwidth press ACQU highlight bandwidth and select wide 11 3 SFRA45 User Manual 12 Oscilloscope Mode The oscilloscope is can be either single or dual trace and has a sample rate of 5Msamples s and a time base sweep of 5us div to 5s div this provides the user with a convenient tool for displaying and analyzing input waveforms The oscilloscope has six functions available timebase trigger level trigger mode trigger polarity pretrigger and traces Timebase Sets the sweep rate of the oscilloscope the setting can be adjusted by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Trigger level Sets the minimum voltage required to start a sweep and can be adjusted by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Trigger mode Has three options auto normal and single shot Auto puts the oscilloscope in the auto run mode where the trace is synchronized to the trigger event However in this mode it draws a trace even if no trigger event is seen Normal Sets the trace to respond to each trigger event If there are no trigger events the display is not updated until a trigger event occurs Single shot Sets the trace to respo
51. requency e end frequency The Instrument computes a multiplying factor that it applies to the start frequency for the specified number of steps Note that due to compound multiplication it is unlikely that the end frequency will be exactly that programmed The frequency sweep is initiated by the START key and when completed the data can be viewed as a table or graphs Following a sweep on a control loop the gain and phase margins can be computed and displayed on the graph The window over which the measurements are computed is adjusted to give an integral number of cycles of the input waveform In real time mode the results from each window are passed through a digital filter equivalent to a first order RC low pass filter in sweep mode each result 9 3 SFRA45 User Manual comprises a single window without any filtering unless repeat sweep is selected The top of the vertical axis for the graph is normally set to be the highest measured value during the sweep The bottom of the vertical axis is normally either set to the lowest measured value or the result of the highest value less 20dB decade of frequency The vertical axis can be fixed to a manual scale using the menus The ZOOM function can be used to select up to four parameters from the display when in real time mode It has no function following a sweep Following a sweep the GRAPH key selects between graph of gain v frequency graph of phase v frequency graph of gain
52. rer Newtons4th Ltd Address 30 Loughborough Rd Mountsorrel Loughborough Leics LE12 7AT We declare that the product Description Sweep Frequency Response Analyser Model SFRA45 conforms to the requirements of Council Directives 89 336 EEC relating to electromagnetic compatibility EN 61326 1997 Class A 73 23 EEC relating to safety of laboratory equipment EN 61010 1 April 2006 Eur Ing Allan Winsor BSc CEng MIEE Director Newtons4th Ltd SFRA45 User Manual WARRANTY This product is guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 12 months from the date of purchase In the unlikely event of any problem within this guarantee period first contact Newtons4th Ltd or your local representative to give a description of the problem Please have as much relevant information to hand as possible particularly the serial number and release numbers press SYSTEM then LEFT If the problem cannot be resolved directly then you will be given an RMA number and asked to return the unit The unit will be repaired or replaced at the sole discretion of Newtons4th Ltd This guarantee is limited to the cost of the instrument itself and does not extend to any consequential damage or losses whatsoever including but not limited to any loss of earnings arising from a failure of the product or software In the event of any problem with the instrument outside of the guarantee period Newtons4th Ltd
53. s Unbalanced Type amp Ground Referenced BNC Connection Input Impedance 1M or 50 Ohms selectable Accuracy ac 0 05 range 0 05 reading 0 1mV lt 1KHz 0 15 range 0 15 reading 0 1mV lt 10KHz 0 5 range 0 5 reading 0 0025 KHz 0 4mV lt 5MHz Frequency Setting All frequencies to 6 digit resolution SIGNAL GENERATOR Direct Digital Synthesis DDS Generator Typs Single Frequency or sweep Generator Waveforms Sinewave Square Triangle Ramp White Noise Frequency Accuracy 5ppm over all temperature range Magnitude Accuracy 5 lt 10MHz 10 lt 45MHz IMPEDANCE ANALYZER Impedance Range 100mQ to 100KQ Accuracy 0 5 2 MHz Frequency Range 5Hz to 5MHz LCR Measurements Inductance Capacitance Resistance Tan delta Features QF Impedance versus frequency curve OSCI LLOSCOPE Sample Rate 5 Msamples S Timebase 5us div to 5s div Trigger Auto Normal or Single shot Pretrigger None 25 50 75 Input Ranges As Selective level Meter Second Input CH2 10v Peak 1MQ 5 30pf 13 1 SFRA45 User Manual FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSER Frequency Range 5Hz to 45MHz Gain Accuracy dB 0 02dB lt 50KHz 0 02dB 0 05dB MHz lt 5MHz 0 1 0 04dB MHz lt 45MHz Phase Accuracy 0 05 lt 10KHz 0 007 0 0009 KHZ lt 5MHz 5 05 0 0001 KHz lt 45MHz GENERAL S PECI FI CATIONS
54. s the rms voltage and current levels measured The other areas are GENERATOR area Displays the generator frequency the output level and if the output is set to on INPUT area Displays the input channel selected When the INPUT displays anything but high it is in the terminate mode The inputs available are high Z 50Q 18 W low level and balanced MEASURE area Displays the measurement impedance reference and the speed of measurement update 10 2 SFRA45 User Manual 11 AC RMS Mode The RMS voltmeter measures the AC rms of the signal present at the input terminals to the bandwidth of the instrument gt LMHz Care must be taken when measuring low signal levels to minimise noise pick on the input leads The RMS voltmeter measures the elementary values e rms e peak e surge and derives the values ac dBm and crest factor The rms value of a periodic waveform vii is given by Am rms V 1 27 v2 0 d 0 For a sampled signal the formula becomes i n l rms V Un Y v2 i i 0 where n is the number of samples for an integral number of complete cycles of the input waveform These are fundamental definitions that are valid for all waveshapes For a pure sinewave the formulae equate to peak V2 but this cannot be applied to other waveshapes The SFRA45 computes the true rms value from the fundamental definition for sampled data 11 1 SFRA45 User Manual de 1 2x J
55. scale A vertical marker can be placed on the graph to reference a specific frequency Up to 30 sweeps may be stored in non volatile memory using the PROG key Sweeps are stored in blocks of 50 points larger sweeps use contiguous blocks eg steps in blocks per max number sweep sweep of sweeps 2 50 1 30 51 100 2 15 101 150 3 10 151 200 4 7 201 250 5 6 251 500 8 3 501 1000 15 2 1001 2000 30 1 8 5 SFRA45 User Manual 8 3 Trim mode TRIM The trim function is a powerful and versatile feature that allows closed loop control of the generator amplitude It allows a specific measurement to be programmed for either CH1 and CH2 and the generator output will be adjusted to maintain the measured voltage or current This allows the excitation level to be controlled over changing conditions such as a frequency sweep AC Trim Data Has three options disabled Chl and Ch2 AC Level Tolerance At each measurement point the measured level is checked against the specified level and tolerance if an adjustment is needed the data is discarded and a new measurement made at the new output level The user is alerted to the adjustment by an audible beep Particularly important in control loop analysis where it is sometimes referred to as amplitude compression it prevents the control loop being overdriven as the frequency changes It is also useful in a more general case where test leve
56. the glass of the display Glare does occur in direct sunlight Brightness The instrument display has two options low and high The default setting is low to conserve battery power This option works best in the colour or white on black mode and makes the display easier to see in natural daylight Enlarge Results Has two options on or off and changes the size of the text numbers on the display Each instrument mode is different Phase Convention This is available in both LCR and FRA mode and displays the phase angle between the 8 14 SFRA45 User Manual input current and voltage This phase angle has three options 180 to 180 O to 360 or O to 360 depending on user preference Keyboard Beep An audible beep is available and sounds every time a key is pressed This option can be enabled or disabled if the sound is not required Step Message Has two options enabled or disabled A single line message appears on the display in real time mode when stepping the frequency or amplitude up or down using the arrow keys It shows the new value selected The step message may be disabled if desired User Settings This function is accessed by pressing the system key followed by the right arrow key this will then display the screen in figure 14 1 This allows the user to enter three separate lines o
57. tions such as where transient events are occurring are more reliable with manual ranging Manual ranging or up only autoranging is essential for low frequency measurements Scale Factor This option is used to compensate for an attenuator or a scope probe If using a X10 probe putting 10 in as the scale factor gives the correct value for voltage A nominal value can be entered or the attenuation factor of the probe can be measured and the precise value entered The measured voltage will be displayed after multiplication by the scale factor 8 13 SFRA45 User Manual 8 9 System Key Functions Language These menu options depend on the Country firmware loaded ie Italy will provided a choice of Italian or English etc Initial settings This setting has three options which sets the instrument initial settings at switch on These are either the settings stored in memory program 1 as per the factory default or the settings which were last used Set Clock This option sets the time Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight hours minutes or seconds and the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to change the time Set Date This option sets the date Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight the month day or year and the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to change the date Display Has three options colour white on black and black on white The white on black option is easier to see in natural daylight due to the shielding in
58. v 4 do 0 Having computed the true rms and the dc component the ac component can be derived from rms ac dc gt ac rms de The ac component is also expressed in dB referred to LmW into 600Q dBm dBm 20 log Vac Vref where Vref Y 1mW x 6000 or 20 log lac Iref where Iref Y 1mW 600022 The peak measurement is simply the value with the largest magnitude Positive and negative peaks are independently filtered then the result with the largest magnitude is taken as the peak value In order to measure surge conditions the maximum instantaneous peak value unfiltered is also recorded It is important that device does not autorange while measuring surge either set the range to manual or repeat the test with ranging set to up only To reset the maximum press START Crest factor is derived from the peak and rms cf peak rms 11 2 SFRA45 User Manual The measurements are computed over rectangular windows with no gaps The processing power of the DSP allows the measurements to be made in real time without missing any samples In this way the measured rms is a true value even if the signal is fluctuating The only occasion when data is missed is when an autozero measurement is requested this can be disabled in the SYTEM OPTIONS menu if required The ZOOM function can be used to select any combination of up to four parameters from the display Note that the wideband nature of true rms measu
59. y 3 DEF etc NUMERIC ENTRY Use MODE ENTRY KEYS for number multiplier decimal point or to enter parameter value Press ENTER MENU CONTROL KEYS to set value Press HOME MENU CONTROL KEYS to abort data entry restore original Values may be overwritten or edited by use of the R L and DELETE keys 4 7 Testing a Power Transformer Example The SFRA45 includes a Power Transformer mode which fully complies with 1EC60076 18 This ensures that all necessary parameters and information are recorded on the instrument without the requirement for a PC The default settings when the instrument is turned on are intended to provide the user with as few steps as possible in order to begin testing 4 6 SFRA45 User Manual Initial Start Up Screen FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSER 21 58 43 22 May 08 frequency GENERATOR 0 00000 Hz frequency 1 00000k Hz gain 300 0 e Es phase delay 000 000 0 0000 s INPUT chi ch2 0 0000 Li 0 0000 Y ac trim data disabled bandwidth speed computation auto medium ch24ch1 When the unit is first turned on the generator will be off Configure I nputs 21 59 46 INPUT SETTINGS impedance N4L Clamps E scale factor 1 0000 CH1 input ranging full autorange By pressing INPUT we can view edit the input settings The default settings for are an input impedance of 50 Ohms which should be left the same The N4L Clamps parameter will be set to
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