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AR1012 SWORD™ DREX User`s Manual, Rev

1. 17 VME CHASSIS lt dessu srka tee ee ASR ER EE SE whee eRe ee 18 2 2 Server Computer 19 22 1 ODE Md SiO ex 2 ae 0 lt 20 2 9 Girculator Pateh Panel 2e e lt s 6068 xoxo Xx 646 bo we eee we ae B 20 24 RF Cables 20 2 4 4 RF Cable Wiring Guide 21 3 Principles of Operation 22 A ugeeeueedeneuaeees eee en eee ea ease eee awe eee eae ees 27 3 2 Waveform Generation 23 puo GICUIAIOIS o x09 xU 4 323 5455 2 9xx 933 POROROR FOX 39 E P ae P 4 23 3 4 Received Waveform 23 20 Process a m xum ececk e ow ue iR S ER EC RA TE RO RUP asas 24 3 5 1 Coherent Integration 24 3 5 2 Matched Filtering cll s 24 3 5 3 Calibration 24 od Clutter Filler ez xw xxx eek eae ko lt 24 3 5 5 Incoherent 24 4 Typical Performance auo om om 5 m m x Rok E woo X x m EGEOX a 24 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 15 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1012 SWORD DREX shown in Fig 4 1 is a four channel Digital Receiver E
2. 5 1 Initial Inspection User s Manual AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The SWORD DREX is a four channel Scalable Wideband Open Systems Architecture Radar SWORD Digital Receiver EXciter DREX system which is based on the Applied Radar Open Source Architecture AROSA model The AR1012 is comprised of several Applied Radar Inc ARI products For a complete list of the products and options in your SWORD DREX system please reference the Product Configu ration Sheet which shipped with the SWORD DREX system The AR1012 SWORD DREX is available in different factory configurations optimized for operation at different radar bands and with up to 500 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth The configured frequency band and instantaneous bandwidth be found on the front panel of the SWORD DREX on the Product Identification Panel and is in the format SWORD RBBB where Ris the frequency band designator i e L C S X etc and BBB is the instantaneous bandwidth in MHz For example a SWORD M DREX factory configured to operate at X Band with 400 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth will be designated as a SWORD M X400 2 Part Number The part number for the SWORD DREX is in the format AR1012 WW XX YY where WW is the lower operating frequency limit in GHz XX is the upper operating frequency limit in GHz and YY is the number of channels For example AR1012 7 11 4 identifies t
3. 92 5548 x xm w ue EUR Y BOR asas 4 92 4 Power Commands 0 0 0 cee ee ee ee 93 4 1 93 4 2 SYST PWROFF 93 5 RF Commands 94 5 1 SYST RF POWERON 2 s ls rn 94 5 2 SYST RF POWEROFF 94 4 23 393 30x 94 54 OVO OC o 94 6 Downconverter Commands 96 6 1 2 s 96 6 2 SYST DOWN POWEROFF 96 6 9 SYST DOWN getATTEN 96 6 4 SYST DOWNi setATTEN 97 Software 99 12 Server Software 101 1 Overview 45 102 2 Server GUI Window 102 ETORO osos momo goreg 3 x B 33 233 3 9 3599 74 54 395 a 104 13 Client Software 108 1 OVEIMIGEW xx 33 1 X595 x 5509 54gxX 34x uagxmm13e3 9 59 25 109 2 Flow Diagram aoaaa 110 3 Definitions aoaaa aa a a a a a 112 4 Transmission Configuration 113 4 1 Waveform Table 113 4 2 Transmit Configuration Table 114 5 ControlPanel aes shea kom Om OX x 5 oras AAA 115 x32 95555333595
4. 2 6 4 3 LAN Setup Menu sees s s n 6 4 4 LAN Setup Screen 6 4 5 Reference Configuration Screen 6 4 6 LCD Setup Menu sss sss ss 6 4 7 Backlight Intensity Screen 6 4 8 Touchscreen Calibration 2 llle s 6 4 9 RF Synthesizer ID String 5 6 4 10 Title String Screen mave Recall Screen ss caderas ae Se ERE EGS EROS e Temperature Screen 3 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 6 7 System Information Screen 67 6 8 Synthesizer Control Panel Screen a 67 Or KCVOGG suso normas dd AAA 69 6 10 QWERTY Keyboard 69 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 39 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit LSDU functions as an LO source for the Applied Radar frequency converter product line The LSDU can be configured with up to four independently controlled RF synthesizers with up to eight outputs per synthesizer With the ability to tune over frequency and adjust the output power level the LSDU can be used as an LO source for the Applied Radar frequency converter line or to provide multiple RF signal
5. 69 6 10 QWERTY 69 8 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter T1 le e sm wo R vk S EG A ad wae eee eee POS P EORR 595 3 9 9 ee ee ee 72 2 x 2x m ee o ede 5 05 63x 560 6 x 9 5b web OR x 6 72 Il Applied Radar Open Source Architecture 74 9 AROSA Messages 75 1 INMOQUCUION uox xx ow xo ROM mo doe mada 76 2 ARI Timing Control Messages 76 1 sos or ns 2 BOE OA BOE O8 om EOXOAORO mom 80E 9 eee 2 3 4349 67 mom 3 5 77 ARI Status 79 4 ARI Command Messages 0 0 80 4 1 Examples lt lt e 6 hoes do oR SDSS owe ee re Box om xd ox Eee 403 4 80 10 MIT LL ROSA Messages 83 Tc Modo auos X uw c we 89 9 4 O x EUR E Ow ORO dados 84 2 ROSA Socket Messages 84 TOM M SS UOS s ron 64 Fee SDR HERR EE Ee RR EERE ERK HOR 84 2 2 BCM Messages 86 2 9 RESMeSSd 6S 87 2 4 WFC Waveform Table Message 87 2 4 1 WF cnf Format 98 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 xii AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 11 Remote Commands 90 1 Introduction llle eR Res 91 2 5 91 System 5
6. zx oko e a o A AAA 5 5 2 Get Subpane Oo US EEDS 231 55 2 59954 5399934 54 5549555 9SPBa55 85319 ee Processing and Plotting 065 6 1 Rx Channel Checkboxes 6 2 TX Channel Display Radio Buttons Go TOOMBUMONS ssa xs eee aso ss bu apesar soe Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 108 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1012 SWORD DREX ships with a fully functional client GUI shown in Fig 13 1 The user choose at his or her discretion to use the supplied client GUI or to supply their own The ARI client GUI is a fully functional GUI which integrates the system control and data processing aspects of the AR1012 into one easy to use program Through the ARI client GUI the user can configure the waveforms for each of the four channels in the AR1012 configure the Coherent Pulse Interval CPI and Coherent Pulse Group CPG schedule the CPGs for transmission at a specific time in the future start and stop the AR1012 monitor the status of the AR1012 stream the received data to a storage device and process the received data The client GUI is subdivided into three sections Transmission Configuration Control Panel and Processing and Plotting Tools These sections are described in detail in Section 4 Section 5 and Sec tion 6
7. 81 9 8 ARI Command Structure for 5 3 81 10 1 DREX Socket Message Types 84 10 2 ROSA TCM binary message courtesy MIT LL ROSA simulator manual 84 10 3 ROSA BCM binary message courtesy MIT LL ROSA simulator manual 86 10 4 ROSA RES binary message vendor specific ARI originated 87 10 5 WFC binary message ARI originated 88 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 XV AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 12 1 AR1012 Error Codes and Messages aaa aaa asas 104 13 1 Mouse gestures for the plotting window 122 13 2 Plot tool 123 19 9 PIOCIADS 123 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 xvi AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual List of Figures 2 1 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 9 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9 7 10 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 15 Outline Drawings a a a 9 AR1012 SWORD DREX 16 ARIOT2SWORD MDREX i4324 x44 x 5XXuXxox imd oed kx dw xum 17 OWORDUM DEREN cessit uo eee eee eee ee 68 18 Circulator Patch Panel 20 AR8006 outputted Waveform spectrum 23 Typical
8. bytes Applied Radar Status Message Downconverter Status Total Applied Radar Status Message Size Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 79 User s Manual 1012 SWORD DREX typedef struct uint8_tlo1Lock uint8 t lo2lock double maxTemp RF Status t typedef struct double dcCurrent 1 7 double dcTemp 4 DC Status t typedef struct uint8 t msg name 4 RF Status t rf DC Status t dc ARI Status t The ARI Data t structure is an array containing the timing interval and wave form information for each CPG Using the pri and num variables as well as the txs tart and dwellPeriod variables from the header the DREX calculates the transmit and receive time for each pulse programming the timing information into the FPGA txstart and dwellPeriod only affect the start time for a particular ARI Data t entry The DC Status t structure contains critical status information concerning the AR1004 RF Downconverter Downconverter current and temperature sensor read ings are represented in double arrays with normal operating conditions for both variables shown in Table 6 2 The ARI Msg t structure is simply the inclusion of both the ARI Header and ARI Data t structures In each ARI Msg t there is one header entry and up to 128 timing interval entries 4 ARI Command Messages The ARI command structure serves as a bi directional communication link between the
9. post processing parameters char char char double int char int int int double double double int int double double double int int samp chans 40 dsp filter 40 dsp type 40 dsp output bw decim ratio corr type 40 discard filter edges num signal gates oversample prf min prf max sim tx pwr enable random priband band rec window band prf min band prf max band num ffts dpcs band fft size dpcs Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 waveform name waveform code waveform type CW LFM LFMB PCW PSK narrow 0 0ff 1 0n wide O 0ff 1 0n frequency band S X K waveband weighting used to generate waveform Hamming center frequency in Hz minimum frequency in Hz maximum frequency in Hz pulse width tx in seconds pulse width rx in seconds pulse bandwidth in Hz sample channels PP1 0P AZ EL DSP filter THRU DSP type COMPRESS STRETCH DSP output BW in Hz decimation ratio corr type REF_LO REF_RAMP means correction discard filter edges 0 Off 1 On number of signal gates over sampling rate PRF minimum in Hz PRF maximum in Hz simulated tx power not dB enable random O Off 1 On PRI band 0 band rec window in seconds band minimu
10. 1 Introduction The implementation of the AR1012 SWORD DREX server is derived from the Radar Open Systems Ar chitecture ROSA model developed by MIT LL described in Chapter 10 The ROSA model decomposes the radar processing control architecture into individual loosely coupled systems 1 These subsytems communicate to the main computer through the use of a high level control message based schema The original MIT LL ROSA structure was developed with Ballistic Missile Defense BMD and tracking radars as the end use product The AR1012 SWORD DREX has been designed to be a general purpose Digital Receiver EXciter and Radar As such the ROSA structure does not easily lend itself to all modes of operation of the AR1012 In order to give complete flexibility in regards to the transmitted waveforms Applied Radar has developed a supplemental message architecture the AROSA which is an Open Sys tems Architecture OSA based around the MIT LL ROSA The AR1012 maintains its comparability with the ROSA structure without access to the advanced features and waveform sequences afforded by the ARI AROSA message structure 2 ARI Timing Control Messages The ARI message format allows the user to easily modify AR1012 SWORD DREX waveform pa rameters while taking advantage of Applied Radar s independent multi channel transmission capabilities It is structured such that multiple coherent pulse groups CPGs each with its own number of pulses and p
11. Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise 5 2 SYST RF POWEROFF The SYST RF POWEROFF command turns off LO1 and LO2 Command Syntax SYST RF POWEROFF Parameters None Default The default system power up state is LO1 and LO2 powered off Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise 5 3 SYST RF getLO1 SYST RF getLO1 command returns the frequency of LO1 for the specified user in GHz Command Syntax SYST RF getLO1 Parameters None Returns LO1 frequency in GHz 5 4 SYST RF getLO2 The SYST RF getLO2 command returns the frequency of LO2 for the specified user in GHz Command Syntax SYST RF getLO2 Parameters Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 94 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual None Returns LO2 frequency in GHz Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 95 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 6 Downconverter Commands 6 1 SYST DOWN POWERON The SYST DOWN POWERON command powers on the AR1004 downconverter Command Syntax SYST DOWN POWERON Parameters None Default The default system power up state is powered off Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise 6 2 SYST DOWN POWEROFF The SYST DOWN POWEROFF command powers down the AR1004 downconverter Command Syntax SYST DOWN POWEROFF Parameters None Default The default system power up state is powered off Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise When executing this command i
12. The transmitted waveforms are controlled through two tables located in the Transmission Configuration Panel the Waveform Table and the Transmit Configuration Table Through these two tables the user can set the parameters of the desired waveforms and specify the transmission sequence for all four channels A single CPG can consist of a transmission sequence of up to 128 different waveforms allowing for the transmission of complicated waveform sequences 4 1 Waveform Table Through the Waveform Table the user can specify the characteristics of individual waveforms The waveforms are stored in a waveform configuration file cnf The user can save different waveforms to different waveform configuration files and load them as needed The Waveform Table consists of six columns Name Mode Direction Freq GHz PW us and BW MHz Waveform Name The Waveform Name is a unique identifier name assigned to the waveform by the user Mode The Mode allows the user to select between the type of waveform The AR1012 ships configured to transmit CW and Linear FM LFM waveforms Support of additional waveforms can be added by the factory upon request Direction The Direction parameter selects the direction of the LFM either increasing in frequency up or de creasing in frequency down When operating in the CW mode the direction parameter is ignored Frequency The FREQ column specifies the CW frequency or the starting frequency of the LFM wavef
13. UCMNUM Null BT1 TYPE Table type code Header Count of valid table BT Time double 8 Sec Fomai Abs Time unsigned long 4 code 2 3 BT1_NUM unsigned long 4 cnt RU 1 8 entries Header Entries BT Header Size 1 e 1 Beam Vector Table BV1 DAZ 1 BV1 DEL 1 BV1 AZRT 1 BV1 ELRT 1 BC1 TOM BC1 TYPE Target azimuth at SV1 TOV 1 Target elevation at SV1 TOV 1 Target azimuth rate at SV1 TOV 1 Target elevation rate at SV1 TOV 1 Beam Vector Size Max Entries Max Size Beam command table 1 time of message Table type code Count of valid table Beam Vector Beam Vector Beam Vector Beam Vector Beam Command Table Header BCT Header BCT Header BCT single single single single double unsigned long rad rad rad sec rad sec State Vector State Vector State Vector State 7 2 to 7 2 7 2 to 7 2 Any Abs Time 4 8 See Format 1 Unique 4 code Code 1 BC1 NUM unsigned long 4 cnt 2 16 entries Header Entries BOT Header Size 1 we 1 Beam Command Table BA1 TYPE 1 BA1 TIDX 1 BA1 AZTPR 1 Beam action type code Associated timing interval index Azimuth taper code unsigned long unsigned long unsigned long unsigned long 1 101 IDX uniform taper uniform taper BA1 ELTPR 1 Continued on Next Page Elevation taper code Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 86 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Contin
14. dwellPeriod 0 100 grammed to start its sample window 20us after each pulse is transmitted The dwell period is set to 100ms between each CPG ARI TCM Timing Interval Data pri 0 200 pri 0 150 pri 0 080 NULL num 100 num 20 num 500 wvfm 0 1150 wvfm 0 1150 wvfm 0 1150 wv m 1 0 wv m 1 0 wv m 1 0 wv m 2 0 wv m 2 0 wv m 2 0 wv m 3 0 wv m 3 0 wv m 3 0 3 ARI Status Messages The ARI status structure contains critical system information concerning the LSDU and Downconverter It is a one directional message sent from the AR1012 to the client once every 5 seconds in the absence of any TCM related message or processing If an ARI TCM message is currently being processed ARI status messages stop transmitting until all pulses are received processed and sent back to the client The ARI Status Message structure is shown in Table 9 4 Table 9 4 ARI Status Message Structure Data Type Size Bytes Units Type Value Applied Radar Status Message ARI Status ASCII null terminated ARI _ I Applied Radar Status Message RF Status ARI RF 0 unlock 1 lock Maximum temperature ARI RF Applied Radar Status Message RF Status Structure Size 0 bytes Applied Radar Status Message Downconverter Status Downconverter ARI D C dcTemp temperature readings Status double 4 24 C temp Any on each channel 152 bytes 66
15. 7 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 2 2 Connector Type Frequency Range Connector Timing and Control Signals BNC MMCX RF 18 GHz SMA 18 GHz RF x27 GHz Super SMA 27 GHz lt RF lt 35 GHz 3 5 mm 35 GHz lt RF lt 40 GHz 2 9 mm 40 GHz lt RF lt 50 GHz 2 4 mm CAUTION Clean the connector only at a static free workstation Electrostatic discharge to the center pin of the connector will render the AR1012 SWORD DREX inoperative and void the warranty 1 2 Absolute Maximums Operating Temperature RF Input Power 20 dBm ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDELING PRECAUTIONS 2 Physical 2 1 AR1012 SWORD DREX AR1012 SWORD DREX is a 19 inch rack based system The SWORD DREX includes a 16U 19 inch rack for mounting of all components The dimensions for the system as well as the individual components are given in Table 2 4 and outline drawings are shown in Fig 2 1 Table 2 4 Physical dimensions all units in inches Part Width Height Depth Drawing Fig 2 1 AR1012 SWORD DREX 21 00 30 00 24 50 A Product Identification Panel 19 00 1 72 0 125 E VME Rack 19 00 7 00 11 00 B AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor 9 25 0 785 6 299 C AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter 9 25 0 785 6 299 C AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit 19 00 3 48 17 00 D Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Page Part Width He
16. 7 Example Scenarios The following examples walk the user through configuring the client software for different scenarios Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 123 1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Scenario 1 To view a 10 GHz pulsed CW tone with a 2 us pulse width for each channel with PRI of 10 seconds Approach 1 Setup your Waveform Table to contain the described waveform To do this click the Add button In the popup window enter the following to define your waveform Name Give your waveform a unique name Mode Set the mode to CW Direction Ignore does not apply Freq Enter 10 PW Enter 2 BW Ignore does not apply The values in Direction and BW have no effect on a pulsed CW tone 2 Save the Waveform Table so it can be recalled in the future Optional 3 Click the name of the waveform you made in step 1 and while holding down the mouse button drag it over to the Transmit Configuration table and drop it in the CH1 column Repeat for all four channels Alternatively you can double click each channel column and type the name of the waveform exactly as it appears in the Waveform Table Double click and enter 1 in the CPI column Double click and enter 1 in the Quantity column Ensure that this is the only entry in the table 4 Save the Transmit Configuration Table so it can be recalled in the future Optional 5 Click on the Advanced tab of the Control Panel and enter 10000 in the Dwell Period textbox This wil
17. 90 3 4 3 m9 RR da 92 4 115 5 2 Error Window 2 115 5 3 General Pane 115 5 4 Advanced Pane 117 5 5 ARI Command pane a a 118 0 5 1 DeCLOUDDANG su oom reee ee 118 952 OSLISUDD G 119 56 Status LEDS 5 5 m X deed xx d modd d e xo b de o bao 120 6 Processing and Plotting Tools 121 6 1 Rx Channel Checkboxes 122 6 2 TX Channel Display Radio 122 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 xiii AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 6 3 Tool Buttons 4055 5 04 122 64 123 7 Example 5 5 123 Index 126 Bibliography Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 XIV AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual List of Tables Environmental Conditions e a vii 1 1 Factory installed options 2 2 2 3 2 1 Electrical Specifications 2l ll 7 2 2 Connector Type 8 23 Absolute Maximums 8 2 4 Physical dimensions all units in 8 4 1 Cable color coding 21 4 2 RF Cable Wiring
18. APPLIED RADAR INC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY Product Safety The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this device Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of this device Applied Radar Inc assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements Safety Notices CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met WARNING A WARNING notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the likes that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Personal Safety Considerations This is a Safety Class product provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact Any interruption
19. AR1012 and the client providing additional control and feedback from Applied Radar devices Messages will always orig inate from the client to the AR1012 with the AR1012 performing the action specified in the command message and responding to the client appropriately Messages and their respective arguments are out lined in Chapter 11 The ARI Command Message structure is shown in Table 9 5 Table 9 5 ARI Command Message Structure Data Size Bytes Units Type Value Applied Radar Command Message ASCII null terminated ARIOmd wa nm av _ Total Applied Radar Command Message Size 4 wes typedef struct uint8 t msg_name 4 uint8 t cmd name 30 The ARI Command t structure is will always contain information in the msg name and cmd name variables The arg from client to server will always be empty but from server to client it will contain either the requested information or a success 1 fail 1 variable in arg 0 double arg 4 ARI Command t 4 1 Examples The following scenarios demonstrate the ARI structure Scenario 1 e Turn the RF Downconverter Off Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 80 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 9 6 ARI Command Structure for Scenario 1 Client to Server Send request msg name 4 ARC The client sends the ASCII cmd name string as specified in Chapter 11 The arg array is irrelevant cmd name 30
20. Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 70 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 8 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter In This Chapter 1 2 2 Front Panel ono roster emos 4 3 99 be oes s 3 l2 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 71 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter is part of Applied Radar s 19 inch rack BlueBox M product line The AR1002 measures 2U in height and 17 5 inches in depth The AR1002 is a single channel upcon verter which accepts an IF frequency between 875 MHz and 1375 MHz and outputs an RF frequency between 7 GHz and 12 GHz depending on the LO1 frequency applied The AR1002 utilizes a dual stage upconversion and is capable of upconverting up to 500 MHz of IF bandwidth at one time A block diagram of the AR1002 is shown in Fig 8 1 A bandpass filter has been added to the output of the second upcon verter stage to suppress spurious signals The AR1002 is capable of outputting an RF signal between 2 GHz and 18 GHz and it s usable output frequency range is only limited by the final bandpass filter A typical output gain versus offset frequency from the carrier for a range of output frequencies is shown in Fig 8 2 IF Input RF Input 875 1375 MHz 7 12 GHz LO1 Figure 8 1 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter block diagram Gain dB 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 Frequency Offset from Carrier MHz Figure
21. B LO2 B I RF3 IF3 i H l LO1 C LO2 C RF4 gt IF4 l LO1 D LO2 D z PROM Current Monitor Temperature Monitor USB Attenuation Settings Interface USB i Proc Connector Power On Off E l Factory Calibration a 1590 moo 0000 Regulators i PU qul i B NES i VME Interface Divider Divider A 0 LO1 Input LO2 Input Digital TS Power vananie Control 12V 5V AR9009 ATX to VME power adapter available Figure 6 1 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter block diagram The AR1004 is a dual conversion downconverter with four parallel channels as shown in Fig 6 1 The first LO LO1 is tunable over 23 63 GHz to 39 63 GHz to select the RF input frequency desired LO1 GHz 21 63 GHz RF GHz The second LO LO2 is fixed at 22 755 GHz Both LOs are a single Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 33 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual input for all four channels and is supplied in the AR1012 SWORD DREX by the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit Digital control and status is available through the VME bus or through the front panel USB port The digital control board provides power up and power down sequencing control of variable attenuators temperature monitoring monitoring of all amplifier bias currents and total hours the module has been powered on This temperature and current
22. DNS 72 14 204 99 Figure 7 29 DNS Settings screen 6 4 5 Reference Configuration Screen NOTICE Only applies to systems with Option 002 or Option 100 installed The Reference Configuration screen shown in Fig 7 30 allows the operator to choose between the in ternal 10 MHz reference source an externally applied 10 MHz source or an externally applied 1 pps Option 100 required The currently selected reference source is indicated by an orange LED To select the desired reference source press the corresponding radio button To return to the Home screen press the Home icon on the toolbar APPLIED RADAR INC Reference Source Internal 10 MHz Q External 10 MHz QJ External 1PPS Figure 7 30 Reference Source Configuration screen 6 4 6 LCD Setup Menu The LCD Setup Menu shown in Fig 7 31 allows the operator to access the Backlight screen run the touch screen calibration access the RF Synthesizer ID screen and access the Title screen Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 63 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Backlight 4 Calibration 2 ID String amp Title Figure 7 31 Configuration Menu Table 7 6 Configuration Menu icons Icon Description Sy AP Provides access to the Backlight screen N q Provides access to the touch screen calibration screen 25 Provides access to the RF Synthesizer ID string screen Provides access to the Title screen 6 4 7 Backlight Intensity Screen The Bac
23. Diagram 21 6 1 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter Electrical Specifications 35 6 2 AR1004 amplifier nominal current values 35 7 1 Factory installed options rre llle 40 7 2 Advantages and disadvantages of the various RF synthesizer operating modes 45 7 7 e nesesario 54 59 44 System IEEE 59 7 5 Configuration 60 7 6 Configuration 64 7 7 BackllgntscreenicONS ss seca ces amp lt 65 7 8 1 5 66 7 9 Synthesizer Control 5 68 7 10 KOYPAGICONS 552 6 wee 69 7 11 16005 70 9 1 ARI Message Structure ee 76 9 2 ARI Structure for 1 71 9 3 ARI Structure for 2 79 9 4 ARI Status Message Structure 79 9 5 ARI Command Message 5 80 9 6 ARI Command Structure for 1 81 9 7 ARI Command Structure for 5 2
24. Inc Revision 1 0 0 126 1012 SWORD DREX Index AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit 38 Embedded Controller Unit 52 GPS Timing amp Reference Module 52 LCD Operation 56 Home Screen 57 Save Recall Screen 65 oplash Screen 56 Synthesizer Control Panel Screen 67 oystem Information Screen 67 System Menus 59 Temperature Screen 66 Toolbar 58 Overview 40 Power Supply and Conditioning 56 RF Synthesizer Configuration 43 Operating Modes 44 Phase Coherence Among Multiple RF Syn thesizers 52 Typical Performance 46 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter 71 Front Panel 72 Overview 72 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter 32 Electrical Specifications 35 Front Panel 34 Overview 33 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor 27 AR8005 Four Channel ADC Mezzanine 29 AR8006 Four Channel DAC Mezzanine 30 Front Panel 29 Overview 28 AR1012 SWORD X400 15 GPS 22 Hardware Configuration 17 Circulator Patch Panel 20 RF Cables 20 Server Computer 19 VME Chassis 18 Principles of Operation 22 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual Circulators 23 Processing 24 Received Waveform Capture 23 Waveform Generation 23 Product Overview 16 Typical Performance 24 AROSA Messages 75 ARI Command Messages 80 Examples 80 ARI Status Messages 79 ARI Timing Control Messages 76 Examples 77 Introduction 76 Client Software 108 Environmental Conditions vii Equipment Disposal vi Gene
25. RF Loopback When performing a RF loopback calibration the antenna is disconnected from the AR1012 and the antenna port is terminated in a matched load The transmitted signal will leak into the receive path due to the circulator having approximately 24 dB of isolation The resultant received wave form after upconversion and downconversion has been performed is recorded If the received waveform is saturating the ADC it may be required to add additional attenuation between the receive port and the input to the RF downconverter Antenna Port When performing a calibration at the antenna port the cable attached to the antenna is removed and an attenuator is placed at the end of the cable The transmitted signal is reflected back to the AR1012 attenuated by traversing the attenuator twice and the received waveform recorded Arbitrary Location The AR1012 can be calibrated at any arbitrary location for example at the face of the antenna When performing any calibration the user must ensure that a signal of sufficient strength without saturating the ADC is received If the received signal saturates the ADC then a true represen tation of the transmitted waveform is not captured and will impact the ability to perform matched filtering If the received signal strength is too low and close to the noise floor then the calibration waveform will contain noise artifacts which may hamper the ability to perform matched filtering Applied Radar Inc Rev
26. RF synthesizers e For large reference divider fac tors the phase noise degrada tion can be worse than Frac tional mode For more information regarding the operating modes of the RF Synthesizers please see the AR2001 Operating Manual Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 45 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 3 Typical Performance The typical performance of the LO1 RF Synthesizer is shown in Figures 7 5 through 7 10 The typical performance of LO2 is shown in Figures 7 11 through 7 14 OUTPUT POER FRESUENCY GHZ Figure 7 5 LO1 output spectrum with Fous 11 6 GHz with a 40 GHz span Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 46 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual JAMON OUTPUT POER nn NE 3 HE SENEDE d 4 12 16 20 24 285 32 36 40 FRESUENCY GHZ Figure 7 6 LO1 output spectrum with F 19 6 GHz with a 40 GHz span OUTPUT POER dem Ch ab _ Ll MR A E PA RIDERE II lite I LIT bL bL bL Le 1 l1 1111 15 575 15 6 15 625 FRESUENCY GHZ Figure 7 7 LO1 output spectrum with Fou 15 6 GHz with a 50 MHz span Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 47 AR1012 SWORD DREX OUTPUT POER 15 HON N cm Ch TD User s Manual 15 5999 15 6 15 6001 FREQUENCY GHz Figure 7 8 LO1 output spectrum with Fous 15 6 GHz with 200 kHz span
27. Tool Buttons to Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 121 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual allow the user to interact with the plots Rx Channel checkboxes to allow the user to control which chan nels are displayed in the plots 7X Channel Display radio button to choose which channel the transmitted waveform is displayed in the bottom graph and the Plot Tabs which allows the user to choose between the different processing and data display options Plotting 112 Time Baseband Frequency RF Frequency STFT Doppler Rx Channel M1 12 03 O4 TxChamel 1 O2 Received Waveform Amplitude N n N ce pP d o o 6 Time us Transmitted Waveform Amplitude RN N oo 6 Time us Figure 13 11 Plotting section of the Client GUI When interacting with the plots the user may use the mouse to help navigate the plots Table 13 1 Mouse gestures for the plotting window Action Mouse Gesture Zoom in Hold down the Left mouse button and drag the mouse to select the rect angular area to zoom Zoom Out Right click to return to the previous point of view Pan Hold down the Middle mouse button and drag in the desired direction to pan the view 6 1 Rx Channel Checkboxes The RX Channel checkboxes allow the user to control which channels are displayed on the plot The color of the checkbox corresponds to the color
28. applied to the antenna port The system is capable of providing O Volts 3 3 Volts 5 Volts and 12 Volts to the antenna The selected antenna voltage is indicated with an orange LED To change the antenna voltage simply push the desired antenna voltage Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 60 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual APPLIED RADAR INC GPS Status Antenna Voltage 52 Antenna Fault C3 0 Volts Passive 2 Holdover 9 3 3 Volts Locked 2 5 Volts Satellites 6 12 Volts 0S Figure 7 25 GPS Setup and Status screen J wA CAUTION The GPS unit is unable to detect the required antenna voltage and it is left up to the operator to select the appropriate antenna voltage level Consult the operating manual that came with your GPS antenna to determine the proper antenna voltage Always ensure that the proper antenna voltage has been selected prior to attaching the antenna to the system Failure to do so may result in damage to the GPS antenna 46 o I 6 4 3 LAN Setup Menu The AR1001 is a LAN capable device allowing the AR1001 to be controlled remotely through a local area network The AR1001 s LAN settings can be automatically configured by the network through DHCP Auto IP and Auto DNS or manually configured When the LAN Setup menu is selected the LAN Status screen shown in Fig 7 26 appears The current LAN settings including MAC address IP Address Subnet Mask Ga
29. because the command has no argument and is therefore packed with Os SYST DOWN POWEROFF arg 0 0 arg 1 0 arg 2 0 arg 3 0 Server to Client Respond to request msg_name 4 ARC The server responds to the client s request with the same msg_name and cmd_name The arg 0 cmd name 30 variable is packed with 1 meaning that the command was a success and the Downconverter module is SYST DOWN POWEROFF now powered off If it failed the arg 0 value would have been 1 arg 0 1 arg 1 0 arg 2 0 arg 3 0 Scenario 2 e Get the actual frequency of LO2 Table 9 7 ARI Command Structure for Scenario 2 Client to Server Send request msg name 4 ARC The client sends the ASCII cmd name string as specified in Chapter 11 The arg array is irrelevant cmd name 30 because the command has no argument and is therefore packed with Os SYST RF getL O2 arg 0 0 arg 1 0 arg 2 0 arg 3 0 Server to Client Respond to request msg name 4 ARC The server responds to the client s request with the same msg name and cmd name arg 0 cmd name 30 variable is packed with 22 755 GHz SYST RF getL O2 arg 0 22 755 arg 1 0 arg 2 0 arg 3 0 Scenario 3 e Getthe attenuation of all four channels of the Rf Downconverter Table 9 8 ARI Command Structure for Scenario 3 Client to Server Send request msg name 4 ARC The client se
30. files CH1 dat CH2 dat CH3 dat CH4 dat and HDR dat The HDR dat file contains the setup and configuration information for the test When using the Stream to Disk option the Clutter Filter and Calibration options are not available 5 4 Advanced Pane The Advanced tab pane shown in Fig 13 6 allows the user to setup the timing intervals and select advanced plotting options RX Offset The RX Offset parameter controls the ADC sampling delay time in milliseconds Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 117 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 5 Rx Offset 0 us Matched Filter Scale Linear A e Rx Window 11 7 us STFT Scale Linear O 9 Period 10000 ms STFT Window 1024 9 samps S incoherent Dwells 6 70 lt _ gt gt Tx Start Rel 1000 ms 12 O ac lt Figure 13 6 Advanced tab pane Dwell Period The Dwell Period sets the time between dwells in milliseconds All processing occurs between dwells so if the dwell period is too short and returns are not processed an error message will be displayed indicating that the Dwell Period needs to be increased TX Start REI The TX Start Rel parameter is the time in milliseconds relative to that of the message request time that indicates when to begin generating the Transmit Configuration Table requests Matched Filter Scale The user can choose between linear absolute value and dB plot scales for the matched fil
31. models are available with an on board frequency doubler and a VVA The frequency doubler extends the output frequency of a single RF synthesizer while the VVA allows for am plitude control of the RF output A generic block diagram of a typical RF synthesizer with an on board doubler and VVA is shown in Fig 7 4 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 43 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Loop Filter RF OUT Reference y Oscillator gt Coupler Figure 7 4 General block diagram of the RF Synthesizer with on board doubler and VVA 2 2 Operating Modes The PLLs used in the RF Synthesizers are capable of operating in two modes Integer also referred to as Integer N mode and Fractional also referred to as Fractional N mode The choice of operating mode affects the phase noise performance and tuning step capabilities of the RF synthesizer When the syn thesizer is placed in Integer mode the output frequency is an integer multiple of the reference oscillator frequency For RF synthesizers that do not include any doublers the frequency resolution is an integer multiple of two times the reference factor the factor of two is due to an internal multiplication factor of two in the PLL For each doubler installed in the signal path the output frequency step resolution increases by a factor of two For example if the AR2001 05 20 synthesizer is installed along with AR1001 Option 004 the output frequency step resolution is 80 M
32. of the AR1012 are active The user can select which channels are active Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 115 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Active Channels Y Y Y v E Calibration Selected All 9 C Clutter Filter Capture Subtraction Doppler gt o lt Stream to Disk Enabled Repetitions E QO path ac lt Figure 13 5 General tab pane and which are configure to output a null waveform Please note that the active status only determines if entries from the Transmit Configuration Table or a null waveform are outputted The RF upconverters and downconverters will still be powered on and active even if a channel is made inactive Calibration In order to perform matched filtering on the received signal the AR1012 must be calibrated to accu rately describe the transmitted waveform This need arises for imbalances in the RF channels and imperfections in the transmitted waveform When calibrating a copy of the transmitted waveform is recorded and stored The calibration can be performed in either digital loopback RF loopback at the antenna port or at an arbitrary location Digital Loopback When performing a Digital loopback calibration the output of the DAC is direct wired to the ADC input bypassing the RF hardware and antenna This is the least accurate method for calibra tion as the modifications to the waveform due to being passed through the RF hardware are not accounted for
33. respectively In the discussion that follows it is assumed that the AR1012 SWORD DREX has been configured with four channels The concepts discussed apply for any system regardless of the number of channels installed The client GUI that ships with your system may appear different from the screenshots shown in this manual depending on the number of channels in your system Sword Client CG 1 Waveform Definition Name Mode Direction Freq GHz PW us BW MHz Raub RO start stop Error window a SESS PEA CO ECT EIN l Tx 1 Save Remove 2 TestWF 2 LFM UP 10 0 10 0 100 0 TestWF 3 LFM UP 10 0 10 0 100 0 O us Matched Filter Scale Linear ua Edit 4 esr a LFM DOWN 10 0 2 0 100 0 ystem Rx Window 117 us STFT Scale Linear 5 TestWF 5 LFM DOWN 10 0 5 0 100 0 mm EE STFT Window 1024 2 samps LO Locks Tx Config Dwell Period 10000 ms P CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CPI ms Quantity E E eT Load Add TestWF 1 TestWF 2 TestWF 3 TestWF4 1 1 i VELLE E gt etwork Save Remove ag NENNEN Tx Start Rel 1000 ms Processing ARI Cmd Advanced General OOOO e Plot Plotting 11 68 Q Baseband Frequency RF Frequency STFT Doppler Rx Channel M1 02 O4 TxChamel 61 02 Received Waveform Amplitude 6 Time us Transmitted Wave
34. service or repair return the AR1012 to Applied Radar Opening of any of the AR1012 SWORD DREX components will void the warranty 2 Cleaning Use a clean damp cloth or sponge to clean the chassis of the 1012 SWORD M DREX Do not use any cleaner including rubbing alcohol as doing so may result in damage to the printing on the panels 3 Connector Cleaning CAUTION he RF connectors deteriorate when contacted with hydrocarbon compounds such as acetone trichloroethylene carbon tetrachloride and benzene Applied Radar recommends only using isopropyl alcohol to clean the RF connectors Keeping in mind its flammable nature a solution of pure isopropyl or ethyl alcohol can be used to clean the connector Clean the connector face using a cotton swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol If the swab is too big use a round wooden toothpick wrapped in a lint free cotton cloth in place of the cotton swab CAUTION Clean the connector only at a static free workstation Electrostatic discharge to the center pin of the connector will render the AR1012 SWORD DREX inoperative and will void the warranty Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 13 AR1012 SWORD DREX Applied Radar Inc Part Hardware Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 14 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 4 AR1012 SWORD X400 In This Chapter ls 23 oe x dO EO E m ee eee REOR wo 9 X REOR SOR O 4 9 x 4 5 RR WO 16 2 Hardware Configuration
35. user and the server computer Any ROSA back end client can be used in place of the Applied Radar ARI supplied client software When using client software other than the one supplied by ARI the user must add the system specific messages for powering on and off the system and performing routine diagnostics on the hardware as well as support for the AROSA message schema in order to access the advanced featurs of the AR1012 ARI only provides support for the client software supplied with the AR1012 NOTICE When using a ROSA Client other than the ARI supplied Client care must be taken to follow the proper initialization and shutdown procedures as outlined in Chapter 11 Failure to do so may result in perma nent damage to the AR1012 SWORD DREX Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 100 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 12 Server Software In This Chapter 1 102 2 Server GUI Window 0 0 ee ee 102 e OR 104 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 101 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1012 server software resides on the server computer and is launched automatically when the system is powered on The server computer runs Linux Fedora Version 8 for systems with Option 001 installed and Fedora Version 14 for systems with Option 100 installed The server software provides the inter
36. 1 Option 110 Processing and control computer AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit 1 AR1002 Single Channel RF Upconveter x4 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 4 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual U Circulator patch panel _ Custom formed RF cables x28 AR1012 92 0 1 through AR1012 92 0 28 L Power cable AR1012 92 1 x6 L USB cable AR1012 92 2 L BNC cable AR1012 92 5 x2 _ Cat 5 Ethernet cable 10 ft AR1012 92 6 120 L User s Manual AR1012 99 6 L Client GUI Disk AR1012 91 1 L Documentation Disk AR1012 91 2 L Server Recovery Disk AR1012 91 3 E Option 001 Windows XP Installation Disk AR1012 91 4 E Option 100 Windows 7 Installation Disk AR1012 91 5 L Option 100 Fedora 14 Installation Disk AR1012 91 7 L National Instruments NI 488 Disk AR1012 91 8 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 5 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 Specifications In This Chapter la x UE RUP BOR eee ee EO RORURUE As 7 ll COMMECIOIS x eet eee eda ee eee eee ee eae ee RAE Re ee ee 7 1 2 Absolute Maximums 8 A x x aum 2 5 5 epee es 8 24 1012 SWORD DREX uu x4 x34 k Eoko ee A 8 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 6 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Electrical The operating specifications of the 1012 SWORD DREX are given in the table below Please note that the exa
37. 23723 for numsamples Number of samples Pulse Data long 4 Samples 7 16 bit UDP TCP IP 1 Msamples Sampling rate Fs in bius o samplerate samples sec e g 1 5 Pulse Data double Hz samples sec iE Gsam Gsamples sec ples sec 1 4 of 128 to 127 Array of samples samples Returned 8 bit 32768 variable length Pulse Data uchar 8 bit or 2 2 ADG Ini Samples to 32767 16 bit 16 bit Note The TCM header is given a type field with RES filled in 2 4 WFC Waveform Table Message When either a TCM or GEN message is executed by the DREX they reference a waveform WF index which is an index into the currently loaded WF cnf file This file specifies all of the parameters required to generate a ROSA or ROSA compatible pulse waveform The WF cnf format is described in section 2 4 1 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 87 1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Note If the WFC message is not sent the DREX system will default to using opt ari cfg wf cnf as the default waveform file Data Size Bytes Table 10 5 WFC binary message ARI originated type of message ASCII null terminated string 2 4 1 WF cnf Format typedef struct char int char int int char char char double double double double double double wf name 40 Wf code wf _type 40 narrow wide freq band 8 waveband 8 weighting 40 freq center freq min freq max pulse width tx pulse width rx pulse bw
38. 4 The Save Recall Screen Table 7 8 Save Recall icons Icon Description lt Recall Recalls settings from the selected register rt Save Saves settings to the selected register 44 Preset Presets the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit Factory Defaults Restores the factory defaults 6 6 Temperature Screen The Temperature screen shown in Fig 7 35 displays the maximum temperature of up to four connected RF synthesizers as well as the overall maximum temperature reading of the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit All temperature readings are displayed in Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 66 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual APPLIED RADAR INC Temperature 31 8 C 30 9 C Max Temp 31 8 C 31 8 30 9 C Figure 7 35 The Temperature Screen 6 7 System Information Screen The System Information screen shown in Fig 7 36 displays the serial number installed options and firmware version of the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit The product number serial number and firmware version of each of the RF synthesizers is also displayed APPLIED RADAR INC Serial 0001 Options 001 003 Firmware v1 0 1 Synth 1 AR2001 5 0001 10 0 20 0 Gz Synth 2 AR2001 5 0004 10 0 20 0 Gz Synth 3 AR2001 SN0010 10 0 20 0 Gz Synth 4 AR2001 5 0021 10 0 20 0 Gz Figure 7 36 The Information Screen NOTICE The units for the frequency are displayed as Gz rather than the conventional GHz
39. 8 2 Typical AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter output gain as a function of output frequency 2 Front Panel A typical representation of the AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter front panel is shown in Fig 8 3 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 72 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Figure 8 3 No Part 1 DogEars Handle Logo LED Power Switch LO1 LO2 IF in amp WwW RF out Applied Radar Inc AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter front panel Functions For mounting to a 19 inch rack Handle to assist in removal of unit from a 19 inch rack Applied Radar Inc Logo Power indicator Turns On Off the AR1002 LO1 input SMA connector LO2 input Super SMA connector IF input SMA connector RF output SMA connector Revision 1 0 0 73 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Part Il Applied Radar Open Source Architecture Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 74 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 9 AROSA Messages In This Chapter 1 Introduction PRU eee eke ee he ee eee eee eR eee eee ee eee ee ee 25 16 2 ARI Timing Control Messages 16 EXOMDIGG ua ce wRue SE X RO AAA ARI Status Messages 9 ARI Command Messages 80 a EXAMES X nera 3 ORGROROROR OM ASA Ged dob E WE AA 80 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 75 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual
40. 9 55920523 33 53 4 wh M NUR ee aes Rm hee 3 4 Included Components 3 Oe oled x uuu eom Ro eee eb bee ee eRe REUS E 9 d OR de 4 5 1 Initial Inspection 2 4 5 2 Package 4 2 Specifications 6 1 ECHC tal ez ces carenado 7 1 2 Absolute Maximums 2 8 2 reas mE BE SS PES EG dsc 8 2d ARTO SWORD M DREX sb mxwx ems4d 995955 5334 3983915 8 3 Maintenance 12 1 General Information 13 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 X 1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 13 Connector Cleaning 13 Hardware 14 4 1012 SWORD X400 15 OVEIVICW ax s sm X wm OUR Woo wx x xdg d REESEAEEXSGYEY4 9 3 35 93 16 2 Hardware Configuration s s hs 17 2 1 VME Chassis 462366445 do ox de Bow aa d Xx AA 18 2 2 Server Computer 2 19 2 2 1 Operating System 20 2 3 Circulator Patch Panel 20 2 4 20 2 4 1 RF Cable Wiring Guide 21 3 lt 22 Ol Gro ux RAIN MS RISE FARE NS E
41. A tans RN RUM UR PUE uM IR 8024 0 22 3 2 Waveform 23 Jo OWO eae wea eaten eae eee eee eae he RO UN E AA 23 3 4 Received Waveform Capture 23 4 9 PROCESSING e isos Sb Pe SSeS 44m 24 3 5 1 Coherent Integration rts renes greerd n 24 3 5 2 Matched 24 952 CADAU ace xo veias eee 24 390 4 Clutter i Bu ad ab rada asa 24 3 5 5 Incoherent Integration 24 4 Typical Performance 24 5 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor 27 1 Overview 2 a 28 2 Front Panel 29 AR8005 Four Channel ADC Mezzanine 29 4 AR8006 Four Channel DAC Mezzanine 30 6 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter 32 1 Overview 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 222225225252525252522525225 255 33 2 OPAD _ _ __ 34 Electrical SpeCiHICANONS 45 ka X ew AUR o A 4 35 7 1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit 38 esas rare AAA 40 2 IREOINNMESIZON 43 2 1 Configuration 2 43 2 2 Operating Modes 44 2 3 Typical Performance 46 2 4 Phase Coherence Among Multiple RF Synthesizers 52 3 Embedd
42. AR8005 Four Channel 1 5 GHz 8 Bit ADC mezzanine card The received waveforms are first routed through the AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter to shift the spectrum to baseband which can be directly sampled by the ADC The captured waveform is then sent to the client where all processing is performed Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 23 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 3 5 Processing The operator can selectively apply different processing algorithms on the captured data through the ARI Client software 3 5 1 Coherent Integration All components of the AR1012 are locked to the common 10 MHz output of the AR2006 GPS Timing amp Reference module allowing the system to coherently integrate the received waveforms The ARI Client software allows the operator to set the coherent integration factor a factor of one is equivalent to turning off coherent integration Coherent integration is applied before any other processing 3 5 2 Matched Filtering Matched filtering is used to recover a known waveform from the returned signal reducing the effect of noise and other undesired signals Matched filtering involves correlating the returned signal with a copy of the transmitted waveform 3 5 3 Calibration In order to perform the matched filtering operation the transmitted waveform must be known A calibration must be performed in order to account for any variations from the theoretical waveform due to the effects of the digital and RF hardware For
43. Applied Radar Inc LO Power Erm LO1 Output Frequency vs Output Power 1 NE le j m P ee eee 1 14 145 15 15 5 1h 16 5 17 101 Output Frequency GHz Figure 7 9 LO1 output power Revision 1 0 0 48 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual PHASE NOISE dBc Hz 7 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz GHz dBc na 40 n 6r a2 o 15 63 59 _ 1763 74 1963 a Y 607 et From Carrier OUTPUT PONER FREQUENCY GHz Figure 7 11 LO2 output spectrum with Fout 22 755 GHz with a 40 GHz span Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 49 User s Manual 1012 SWORD DREX Ld rio FREQUENCY GHz 22 755 GHz with a 50 MHz span LO2 output spectrum with Fout Figure 7 12 Hand 179170 22355 22 7551 FREQUENCY GHz 22 7549 22 755 GHz with 200 kHz span LO2 output spectrum with Fout Figure 7 13 90 Revision 1 0 0 Applied Radar Inc AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual PHASE NOISE dBc Hz 10 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz FREQUENCY OFFSET FROM CARRIER Spectral Purit SSB Phase Noise que 75 f0 dBc Spurious dBc Offset From Carrier 22 755 e 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz GHz dBc Hz dBc Hz dBc Hz 22755 66 92 118 Fi
44. Cable 1 End2 Connection 15 Green Black Upconverter 4 Port 4 to Circulator 4 Port 1 16 Black Yellow Circulator Port 2 to Downconverter 17 Green Black Upconverter 3 Port 4 to Circulator 3 Port 1 18 Green Black Upconverter 2 Port 4 to Circulator 2 Port 1 19 Green Black Upconverter 1 Port 4 to Circulator 1 Port 1 20 Blue Yellow LSDU 2 Port 6 to Downconverter LO2 21 Black Yellow Circulator 1 Port 2 to Downconverter RF1 22 Black Yellow Circulator 2 Port 2 to Downconverter RF2 23 Red Green Port 2 to Upconverter 2 Port 3 24 Red Green Port 3 to Upconverter 3 Port 3 25 Red Green Port 1 to Upconverter 1 Port 3 26 Red Green Port 4 to Upconverter 4 Port 3 27 Blue Black LSDU DAC to DAC CLK 28 Blue Black LSDU ADC to ADC CLK 3 Principles of Operation The AR1012 is a mulit channel DREX which is operates using the AROSA interface The AR1012 accepts messages from the ARI AROSA client software or a user supplied AROSA compliant client and handles the waveform generation and capture The waveforms are generated and captured at baseband 875 1375 MHz and the baseband signals are translated to and from the desired operating frequency through the RF upconverters and downconverters Timing for the waveform generation is provided by a GPS Timing signal which is supplied by the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit LSDU Connection to the antenna not included is performed through the includ
45. DAC output sweep at IF Baseband 274 Nyquist Rolloff is due to the 274 Nyquist performance of the DACs 25 Typical RF output after upconversion 80 MHz RF output steps LO1 in integer mode 25 RF Loopback frequency spectrum 26 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor block diagram 28 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor front panel 29 AR8005 block diagram 1 1 nnn 30 AR8006 block diagram 31 Output spectrum of the AR1006 31 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter block 33 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter front panel 34 Typical Gain response over the RF input range 0f2t018GHZ 36 Typical IF output response over a 500 MHz IF bandwidth LO1 held constant and RF swept 36 Typical Noise Figure performance ofthe 1004 37 General block diagram of the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit used in the AR1012 SWORDMDODRES va eu thee eee eee eae eee oe eee 41 AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit front a and rear panels 42 General block diagram of the RF 44 General block diagram of the RF Synthesizer with on board doubler and Voltage Variable Attenuator VVA 44 LO1 output
46. DREX state machine then generates the waveform and captures the samples requested and returns a RES message Table 10 2 ROSA TCM binary message courtesy MIT LL ROSA simulator manual Data Size Bytes Units Type Value TCM Header ASCII null terminated S INN MSG NAME message name char 4 Msg ID T C M O MSG SIZE Size of TCM Message unsigned long Calculation Msg Size Message composition Time MSG TIME fime double Formari Abs Time Global Index Global Index Sequential timing TCMNUM message index unsigned long TCM Index UCMNUM Associated UCM index unsigned long UCM Index Time Meader double Farmal d Abs Time Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 84 CPIBEG CPI start strobe time AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Size Bytes Unis Type Value Abs Time State vector table 1 SVT Abs Time time stamp Header SVT ST1 TYPE Table type code ade Count of valid table SVT ST1_NUM entries Header unsigned long Entries 158 SVT Header Size 13 bes State Vector Table ST1_ TOM double Format 1 unsigned long nba 1 Global Index Table Index State SV1 UCMIDX_ Associated UCM Index Vector Index into local state State SV1_IDX_ vector table Vector unsigned long UCMNUM unsigned long 1 8 Time of validity for State Time SVI TOV state vector 1 values Vector dou
47. ES Applied Radar Inc www appliedradar com AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Revision 1 0 0 May 2011 1012 SWORD DREX Notices O Applied Radar Inc 2011 No part of this manual may be repro duced in any form or by any means including electronic storage and re trieval or translation into a foreign language without prior permission and written consent from Applied Radar Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws Manual Part Number AR1012 99 6 Edition Revision 1 0 0 May 2011 Printed in the USA Applied Radar Inc 315 Commerce Park Road Unit 2 North Kingstown RI 02852 USA Trademark Acknowledgements Fedora is a registered trademark of Red Hat Inc LINUX is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Mac and Mac OS is a registered trademark of Apple Inc MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks Inc NI VISA is a registered trademark of the National Instruments Corporation NI VXI is a registered trademark of the National Instruments Corporta tion Windows is a U S registered trade mark of Microsoft Corporation Applied Radar Inc Warranty The material contained in this docu ment is provided as is and is sub ject to be changed without notice in future editions Further to the max imum extent permitted by applica ble law Applied Radar disclaims all warranties either expressed or im plied with regard to this manual and a
48. FPGA Mezzanine Slot B Mezzanine Slot A CH B Xilinx a VME Virtex 5 Controller FPGA FPGA 780 Front Panel Fiber Multi Gigabit links 3125Gb s Full Duplex DDR2 Interface SSTL 1 6 Gb s ode 16 C FPGA to FPGA and Mezzanine Connection Buses Ra NENNEN ee V Mezzanine Control Bus Half Duplex VXS Multi Gigabit Links 25 Gb s Full Duplex Figure 5 1 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor block diagram The AR1006 is a VME size C 6U board and is installed in the top slot of the VME chassis The outputs of the DAC mezzanine card are fed into the AR1002 Single Channel RF Upconverters and the IF outputs of the AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter are fed into the inputs of the ADC mezzanine Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 28 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 Front Panel A typical representation of the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor front panel with one AR8006 DAC mezzanine and one AR8005 ADC mezzanine installed is shown in Fig 5 2 The actual configuration may vary based on the number of channels and factory installed options 4 5 6 7 1 42 43 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 aa OO 9 0 9 06 07 Figure 5 2 1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor front panel No Part Functions 1 LED LED indicator 2 Reset Used to force a hard reset of the AR1006 3 LEDs Indicator LEDs See the AR1006 Operating Manual for mean ing 4 7 DAC output Output conn
49. GHz Network Options ARI Status Figure 13 7 ARI tab pane The CHx Atten dropdown box allows the user to select the attenuation value for the channel x where X Is 1 to 4 Network Options Clicking the Network Options button will launch the Network Options window shown in Fig 13 8 Through the Network Options window the user can enter the IP address of the server computer and specify the TX and RCV ports The IP address of the client is displayed in the window for reference NOTICE Server IP 192 168 2 131 Client Tx Port 61501 Client IP 192 168 2 122 Client Rx Port 61502 Please ensure ports match an server side Figure 13 8 Network Options window The Client TX Port must match the Server RCV Port and the Client RCV Port must match the Server TX Port in order for communication to be established 5 5 2 Get Subpane Within the Get subpane the user can read and display the attenuation settings for each channel of the AR1004 RF Downconverter read and display the LO1 and LO2 frequencies and display the ARI Status window Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 119 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Channel Attenuation Button Clicking the Channel Attenuation button will read and display the current attenuation setting for each of the four channels of the AR1004 RF Downconverter LO1 Freq Button Clicking the LO1 Freq button will read and display the current output frequency of the LO1 synthe sizer i
50. Hz 10 MHz Reference x2 for the PLL x2 for the doubler on the AR2001 05 20 x2 for the doubler installed in the AR1001 nteger mode operation has the best output phase noise performance of the two modes When the synthesizer is placed in Fractional mode the output frequency of the RF synthesizer can be any integer or non integer multiple of the reference frequency While Fractional mode allows you to achieve any desired output frequency limited to a 1 MHz resolution for the AR1001 it comes with the price of increased phase noise NOTICE When operating in integer mode if the frequency entered falls between two valid output frequencies the lower of the frequencies is outputted For example if the system frequency step resolution is 100 MHz and 1 195 GHz is entered the output frequency would be 1 1 GHz A compromise between the limited output frequency lower phase noise nteger mode and the higher phase noise Fractional mode can be achieved by placing the RF synthesizer in Integer mode and using Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 44 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual the internal reference divider to divide down the 10 MHz reference to a lower frequency By dividing down the reference frequency the RF synthesizer can achieve smaller frequency steps while remaining in Inte ger mode In the previous example of an RF synthesizer with two doublers if the reference divider is set to 4 the output frequency step would be 20 MHz rather than 80 M
51. Hz The larger the reference divider factor the greater the impact to the output signals phase noise However the impact to the phase noise while using the reference divider is less severe than operating in Fractional mode for small values of the reference divider factor assuming proper optimization of the PLL parameters As the reference divider factor is increased the degradation in the output phase noise approaches the phase noise of operation in the Fractional mode For very large reference divider factors the output phase noise can become worse than operating in Fractional mode The trade offs between operating in nteger Fractional and Integer using a reference divider are sum marized in the Table 7 2 Table 7 2 Advantages and disadvantages of the various RF synthesizer operating modes Mode Advantage Disadvantage Integer e Larger frequency steps e Lowest Phase Noise i iini e Phase Coherency among multi ple RF synthesizers Fractional e Any output frequency step lim e Higher Phase Noise ited to a 1 MHz resolution e Phase coherency among multi be achieved ple RF synthesizers cannot be guaranteed Integer wiesen Divider For small reference divider fac Output frequency step is lim tors smaller frequency steps ited to integer steps of the di can be achieved with minimal vided reference frequency impact to phase noise e Phase noise is degraded ver e Phase Coherency among mul sus Integer mode tiple
52. Inc Revision 1 0 0 77 1012 SWORD DREX uint32 t atmnum uint32 t cpg total double txstart double rxoffset double dwellPeriod ARI TCM Header t typedef struct i double pri uint32 t num uint32 t wvfm 4 ARI Data t typedef struct i ARI Header t hdr ARI TCM Data t ti MAX PULSE GROUP ARI Msg t ARI TCM Msg t ariMsg ariMsg hdr msg name ATM ariMsg hdr atmnum 1 ariMsg hdr cpg total 1 ariMsg hdr txstart 560 11 ariMsg hdr rxoffset 0 ariMsg hdr dwellPeriod 0 ariMsg til0 pri 0 100 ariMsg til0 num 50 ariMsg tilO wvfm O 1150 ariMsg til0 wvfm l1 1151 ariMsg tilO wvfm 2 1150 ariMsg tilO wvfm 3 1151 Scenario 2 e Starting at 32560 950 seconds output 100 pulses separated at a PRI of 200us Wait 100ms after the second pulse group Output 20 pulses at a PRI of 150us Wait 100ms after the first pulse group Output 500 pulses at a PRI of 80us Applied Radar Inc Start the sampling window 20us after transmission time for each pulse Output waveform code 1150 on channel 1 Do not output a waveform on the other channels Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 78 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 9 3 ARI TCM Structure for Scenario 2 ARI TCM Header msg name 4 ATM The message name will always be ATM atmnum 51 cpg total 3 txstart 32560 950 rxoffset 20 0e 6 The rxoffset is set to 20us The ADC will be pro
53. Integer Mode A AAN MA AAA EN Output Power dBm Frequency GHz Figure 4 7 Typical RF output after upconversion 80 MHz RF output steps LO1 in integer mode Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 25 AR1012 SWORD DREX Output Power dBm Applied Radar Inc lol 20 scho 10 lol oll 47575 1375 IF output _ _ e 10 Figure 4 8 RF Loopback frequency spectrum Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 1012 SWORD DREX o AR1006 User s Manual Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor In This Chapter 1 Overview 2 Front Panel AR8005 Four Channel ADC Mezzanine 4 AR8006 Four Channel DAC Mezzanine Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 27 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor is a VME FGPA processing board which utilizes two Xilinx Viretx 5 FPGAs to provide logic and DSP processing capabilities The AR1006 features two custom mezzanine interface sites allowing for a variety of analog and digital mezzanine cards to be used When used with the AR1012 SWORD M DREX the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor is equipped with one four channel ADC mezzanine card and one four channel DAC mezzanine card allowing the AR1006 to function as both the waveform generator and the received signal digitizer HEX CH A Xilinx Pus Virtex 5
54. REX User s Manual 3 Definitions The following terminology is used when describing transmitted waveform These concepts are illustrated graphically in Fig 13 3 ATM ARI TCM Message Unique structure sent to the server that contains up to 128 unique message requests characterizing a quantity of exclusive waveforms to be generated at a chosen PRI for all individual channels Each individual request may be referred to as a CPG pattern CPG Coherent Pulse Group One of up to 128 sets of returns for all four channels A CPG corresponds to a quantity of pulses user specified received for all four channels within a dwell Dwell Duration allowed for reception and processing of radar returns for a CPG PRI Pulse Repetition Interval Time between pulses within a CPG shared for all channels CPI Coherent Pulse Interval See PRI Used to exemplify the capability to associate a unique PRI with each CPG Amplitude Figure 13 3 Graphical representation of the transmitted waveform definitions Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 112 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 4 Transmission Configuration Through the Transmission Configuration panel of the GUI the user is able to specify the waveforms to be transmitted on each of the four channels of the AR1012 SWORD DREX AR1012 has been designed to support different waveforms on each channel for each pulse allowing for complete flexibility in the selection of transmitted waveforms
55. Reconnect Figure 7 20 Indicates that the single board controller did not respond to attempts to connect 6 2 Home Screen The Home screen shown in Fig 7 21 acts as the status display screen for the system The Home screen is divided into five parts the title the RF Synthesizer panel GPS lock status maximum temperature and computer connectivity status APPLIED RADAR INC a su Y Freq GHz Lock 28 160 C 29 000 C2 34 160 37 000 Q Figure 7 21 The Home Screen Title String The title string identifying the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit unit is shown on the top of the Home Screen The displayed title can be customized through the LCD Setup menu Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 57 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual RF Synthesizer Panel The RF synthesizer panel displays the four character synthesizer id strings synthesizer frequency lock status and RF power state On or Off for up to four AR2001 RF Synthesizers in the AR1001 The RF synthesizer button located on the far left hand side of the LCD displays the currently assigned ID string for up to four RF synthesizer modules in the system The RF Synthesizer ID string is a customizable four character string which can be customized through the LCD Setup menu Pressing the RF Synthesizer button will take you to the RF Synthesizer Control panel screen Fig 7 37 The output frequency of each RF synthesizer is shown in the column adjacent to the RF Synthesi
56. SOLDOWRN GSIATTEN coran seama E 96 64 SYST DOWN setATTEN 454x339 x9 rado 97 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 90 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Introduction set of remote commands for the 1012 SWORD DREX has been developed allowing the client software to interact through the server software with the system hardware In addition to providing commands to safely power on and off the system device specific commands are provided for the AR1004 RF Downconverter and the AR1001 LSDU Through these device specific commands the user can check the status of the device turn on and off the device and in some cases set certain operating parameters of the device 2 Command Syntax A parameter enclosed in square brackets indicates an optional parameter NOTICE All commands are case insensitive Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 91 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 3 System Commands 3 1 SYST IP The SYST IP command provides the AR1012 server computer with a client IP address for server to client communication Upon reception of a SYST IP command the server computer will reinitialize the UDP transmit socket and will send all status and response messages to the given client IP In its current im plementation the AR1012 server computer will only send data to one client at a time Whenever a new client sends a SYST IP command to the AR1012 server computer the server will immediately begin com munication with
57. This is due to internal string size constraints in the LCD module 6 8 Synthesizer Control Panel Screen The Synthesizer Control Panel screen is accessed by pressing the corresponding synthesizer button on the Home screen From the Synthesizer Control Panel screen the user can select the operating mode Integer or Fractional set the output frequency and set the reference divider value The frequency of the synthesizer is displayed at the bottom of the screen Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 67 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual APPLIED RADAR INC RF 1 Control Panel Integer Fractional Reference Divider N Set CW _ Frequency 38 6 GHz Figure 7 37 The Synthesizer Control Panel Screen Table 7 9 Synthesizer Control Panel icons Icon Description Reference Divider Press to enter the reference divider value Set CW Frequency Press to enter the CW frequency Press to accept Press to cancel O Indicated operating mode is active Q Indicated operating mode is inactive In order for any of the changes made in the Synthesizer Control Panelto take effect the user must press the Accept button To discard any changes made press the Cancel button The operator will be prompted to verify that they want to discard the changes Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 68 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 6 9 Keypad For entering numeric data the LCD will take you to the Keypad screen as s
58. Xciter DREX system based on the Applied Radar Open Systems Architecture AROSA model The Applied Radar Open Systems Architecture is a derivative of the MIT LL and MDA Radar Open Systems Architecture ROSA see Chapter 10 and is therefore compatible with ROSA without access to the advanced fea tures of AROSA The 1012 SWORD DREX is an all inclusive system containing all of the necessary hardware and software to generate a waveform at the IF frequency and upconvert it to the desired output frequency and take the returned RF signal and downconvert it to the IF baseband and digitally sample the returned signal The AR1012 utilizes either a VME Single Board Computer running Linux or a VME slot 0 MXI Bus controller Option 100 connected to an external computer running Linux Using Linux provides the system with a real time operating system environment Figure 4 1 AR1012 SWORD DREX Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 16 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 Hardware Configuration A typical representation of the 1012 SWORD DREX is shown in Fig 4 2 The actual configuration may vary based on the number of channels and factory installed options E APPLIED RADAR INC SWORD X400 Power Supply AR1006 FPGA Processor Empty Slot AR1004 Four Channel Downconverter Empty Slot Single Board Computer Circul
59. accessed by pressing System 59 7 24 Configuration 60 7 25 GPS Setup Status screen 61 7 26 LAN Status screen 61 LAN OCD 62 20 IP HESSEN 62 7 29 DNS Settings screen 63 7 30 Reference Source Configuration screen 63 7 31 Configuration 64 7 32 BACKIQMt 55 o ROBORE ORO K E ce ROBO o mox amp oom dee X X OR xo ox 64 7 33 RF Synthesizer ID String screen 65 7 34 The Save Recall Screen 66 7 35 The Temperature Screen 67 7 36 The Information 67 7 37 The Synthesizer Control Panel 68 7 38 The numeric Keypad 69 7 39 The QWERTY Keyboard 70 8 1 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter block diagram 72 8 2 Typical AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter output gain as a function of output frequency 72 8 3 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter front panel 73 12 1 Se
60. ally assigned IP address and a manually entered IP address while the second row allows the operator to choose between Auto DNS and manually configuring the DNS To return to the LAN Status screen press the Back button APPLIED RADAR INC LAN Setup DHCP Auto IP Manual IP YY Auto DNS Manual DNS IP Settings DNS Settings CI OA Figure 7 27 LAN Setup screen To manually configure the IP settings the operator should select the Manual IP checkbox and then press the P Settings button which will take the operator to the P Settings screen shown in Fig 7 28 From this screen the operator can enter the desired IP address Subnet Mask and Gateway Once all entries have been made press the Back button to return to the LAN Setup screen APPLIED RADAR INC IP Settings IP Address 1270040 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 122 D 040 4 Back Figure 7 28 IP Settings screen To manually configure the DNS settings the operator should select the Manual DNS checkbox and then press the DNS Settings button which will take the operator to the DNS Settings screen shown in Fig 7 29 From this screen the operator can enter the desired primary and secondary DNS addresses Once all entries have been made press the Back button to return to the LAN Setup screen Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 62 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual APPLIED RADAR INC DNS Settings Primary DNS 72 14 204 103 secondary
61. an operat ing procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or ad hered to could result in damage to the product or loss of data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met WARNING A WARNING notice denotes a haz ard It calls attention to an oper ating procedure practice or the likes that if not correctly per formed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING no tice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Certification Applied Radar Inc certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment Ap plied Radar further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standard and Technology Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation out side of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED APPLIED RADAR INC SPECIFICALLY DIS CLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Exclusive Remedies THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES
62. aracter ID string of each RF synthesizer through the LCD NOTICE The LCD must communicate with the ECU in order to capture user inputs and update the display Please allow 1 2 seconds for changes made to be updated on the LCD display 6 1 Splash Screen When power is applied to the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit the Splash screen will appear A sample Spash screen is shown in Fig 7 19 The Splash screen displays the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit system information including the product part number and description serial number installed op tions and firmware version While the AR1001 is in the initialization process a spinning icon indicator will appear on the Splash screen in place of the system information After the AR1001 has finished ini tializing the Splash screen will remain visible for 10 seconds To dismiss the Splash screen before the 10 seconds has expired press anywhere on the display In the event that the LCD is unable to communicate with the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit s ECU the screen in Fig 7 20 will appear Press the Reconnect button to try to connect to the ECU The LCD will not operate without the ECU being present and operational in the system Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 56 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual APPLIED RADAR INC AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit Serial 0003 Options 001 003 004 005 006 100 Firmware Version 1 0 0 Figure 7 19 Splash Screen b
63. ator Patch Panel Figure 4 2 1012 SWORD DREX No Part Functions 1 Rack 16U 19 inch rack 2 VME Chassis Five slot VME chassis mounted in the 19 inch rack 3 plate Identification plate 4 Master power switch Controls AC power to the rack 5 O Interface panel Provides I O connectors to and from the SWORD M DREX 6 VME Slots This area is part of the VME chassis and houses the power supply for the VME chassis AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA processor AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter and Single Board Computer Option 001 or VME slot O MXI Bus controller Option 100 7 AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Provides LO1 LO2 ADC Clock DAC Clock and Unit LSDU timing signals Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 17 1012 SWORD DREX Continued from Previous Page No 8 9 10 11 12 Part AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter Circulator Patch Panel 2 1 VME Chassis Every AR1012 SWORD M DREX system includes a VME chassis to support the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter and either a VME Single Board Computer Option 001 or VME Slot O MXI Bus Controller Option 100 A custom l O panel has been added to the VME chassis to provide additional I O connections When Option 002 is installed a five port Gigabit Ethernet switch is added to the cu
64. ator Patch Panel Green Black 2 4 4 RF Cable Wiring Guide The wiring guide for the RF cables for a four channel version of the AR1012 SWORD DREX is given in Table 4 2 Please refer to the documentation that came with your AR1012 system for the RF cable wiring guide applicable to your system As there are four AR1002 Single Channel Upconverters in the example system they will be referred to as AR1002 1 through AR1002 4 with 1 being the topmost AR1002 and 4 being the bottommost AR1002 Table 4 2 RF Cable Wiring Diagram Cable End End2 Connection 1 Yellow Downconverter IF1 to ADC Port 1 2 Yellow Red Downconverter IF2 to ADC Port 2 3 Yellow Red Downconverter IF3 to ADC Port 3 4 Yellow Red Downconverter IF4 to ADC Port 4 5 Blue Yellow LSDU LO1 Port 6 to Downconverter LO1 6 Blue Green LSDU LO1 Port 1 to Upconverter 1 LO1 7 Blue Green LSDU LO2 Port 1 to Upconverter 1 LO2 8 Blue Green LSDU LO2 Port 2 to Upconverter 2 LO2 9 Blue Green LSDU LO1 Port 2 to Upconverter 2 LO1 10 Blue Green LSDU LO1 Port 4 to Upconverter 3 LO1 11 Blue Green LSDU LO2 Port 4 to Upconverter LO2 12 Blue Green LSDU LO2 Port to Upconverter 4 LO2 13 Blue Green LSDU LO1 Port 3 to Upconverter 4 LO1 14 Black Yellow Circulator 4 Port 2 to Downconverter RF4 Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 21 1012 SWORD DREX Continued from Previous Page User s Manual
65. ble Format 1 Abs Time Target range at State State SVI RNG SV1 TOV 1 Vector single Vector Target range rate at State State SV1_RDOT_ SV1 TOV 1 Vector single Vector SVT Vector Size Max Entries Max Size gt 0 Timing Interval Table Header Timing interval table 1 TIT Time i time of message Header double 8 Format 1 pose TIT i Unique IT1_TYPE Table type code Header unsigned long 4 Code 1 2 Num Entries Count of valid table TIT IT1 NUM antes Header unsigned long 4 TIT Header Size 1 bes Timing Interval Table Table Index Table Index TH IDX Sequential timing Timing 1 16 interval index Inter Associated local state Timing TOLIMA vector index Inter Timing interval type Timing TXRX code inter unsigned long TX RX 1 101 unsigned long unsigned long SV1_IDX_ TM WVFRM Waveform table index pu Timing interval 1 start Timing Time TH STRT time inter double aad Abs Time unsigned long Code WF Code TM DUR Timing interval 1 Timing double Timing duration Inter Format 2 Rel Time Timing interval 1 time Timing Time on target inter double Formati Abs Time Timing Inter Size Max Entries Max Size Note 1 Time Format 1 Seconds since midnight UTC Nanosecond precision at least 14 sig figs required Time Format 2 Relative time delta in seconds Nanosecond precision Note 2 All floating point numbers follow IEEE 754 1985 standards N
66. c Revision 1 0 0 103 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 1 Error Reporting The ARI error table logs and displays a number of errors encountered by the AR1012 A brief description is shown in the Fig 12 2 and the Error Codes Error Messages are listed in Table 12 1 SWORD X 400 Server _ 5 x I3 Fle System Error Messages ri Error Code Error Message Consecutive Errors 4 APPLE DREX Uptime 9 RADAR 00 01 11 302 AR1001 module not identified 1 172 AR1004 Downconverter VME slot is already open DREX System Status 105 AR1006 FPGA VME set address failed Waiting for UDP Message 102 AR1006 FPGA VME slot 15 already open Processing Message 211 Error loading wf cnf file Receiving Pulse Data Sending Result Message Error Message O Q Waiting to Receive Pulses Q Q e Display Error Window LSDU Lock Status LO1 Q LO2 GPS Clicking the Display Error Window button on the main window will open an error table listing up to the 50 most recent errors The error table is updated every 5 seconds unless other critical processes are taking place during which it stalls The first row will always contain the most recent DREX Server IP Client IP n ahiz error The Consecutive Errors column lists the number of times a particular error has occurred 192 168 2 102 192 168 2 229 before either 1 different unique error has taken place or 2 table updat
67. cations such as Applied Radars DREX Digital Receiver EXciter product line Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 52 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual OCXO Reference GPS Receiver GPS REF yuController ABE E Ly Holdover Antenna Antenna Fault 1 PPS Output 10 MHZ CMOS Output 10 MHZ Sine Output 10 MHZ Sine Output 10 MHZ Sine Output 10 MHZ Sine Output 10 MHZ Sine Output Daisychain 1 N Figure 7 15 Block diagram of the AR2006 GPS Timing amp Reference Module In order to provide the most accurate reference and timing signals the AR2006 needs to acquire a GPS signal A BNC antenna connector is provided on the rear panel of the AR1001 The AR2006 supports a variety of antenna types both active an passive for best performance an active antenna with a min imum of 10 dB of gain including cable loss should be used For active antennas the bias voltage is provided by the AR2006 The bias voltage is user selectable between passive 0 3 3 V 5 V and 12 V The antenna voltage is selected through programming the AR1001 or through the GPS Setup and Status screen of the LCD NOTICE The performance of the AR1001 is affected by the quality of the reference signal supplied to its internal synthesizers Care must be taken to ensure that a clean and stable reference signal is provided to the AR1001 when using the external reference All supplied data with your system was collected
68. cked while a Red LED indicates the one or both of the LOs are unlocked To determine which LO s is unlocked click on the ARI Status button located in the Get subpane of the ARI Cmd pane Network Indicates if the bi directional UDP connection with the server is active A Green LED indicates that a UDP connection has been established and verified A Red LED indicates that UDP connection cannot be established If this should occur verify that you can manually connect to your network Processing Indicates if your Dwell Period is too small for your current processing load If the LED turns Red All returns were not able to be processed within the dwell Verify that your network LED is not also show ing red If it is then check your connection to your network If your network LED is green reduce your dwell period until it is long enough to allow processing of all returns Plot Indicates that the returns have been processed and plotted The Blue LED will flash twice when data has been received and plotted When data is not being plotted the LED will appear Gray The LEDs color indicates the current status according to the following color scheme An Error condition exists Functioning Properly Inactive 6 Processing and Plotting Tools The Plotting section of the client shown in Fig 13 11 allows the user to examine the received waveform and the results of the various built in processing options The Plotting section consists of
69. ct Frequency Range Number of Channels and Instantaneous Bandwidth will be determined by the how the SWORD DREX has been configured by the factory For a complete list of operating specifications for your AR1012 SWORD M DREX please reference the Product Configuration Sheet that shipped with your system Electrical Specifications Parameter mim Tw Units Frequency Range Re Meroe O center Iequemoy Gm instantaneous dB bandwidth OOOO CAT dm Salurated RF output power Rm UpcomererGain SSS DownconverterGain SSB DAC 2nd Nyquist output power em Receive spurious ree dynamicrange v Noise Figure 4506068 Tuning Speed ms Minimum Pulse PR BM oam lOiWqemyae 0 dm as GM LO 2 impar pomer o 1 1 Connectors The AR1012 SWORD DREX utilizes different connector types for the various input and output con nections depending on the operating frequency of the connection being made The different connector types along with their associated operating frequency range are given in Table 2 2 CAUTION The RF connectors deteriorate when contacted with hydrocarbon compounds such as acetone trichloroethylene carbon tetrachloride and benzene Applied Radar recommends only using isopropyl alcohol to clean the RF connectors Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0
70. d processor running the Linux operating system and provides a conduit for sending commands and retrieving information from the connected synthe sizers The ECU also communicates with the reference oscillator the LCD and temperature sensors mounted in the LSDU chassis Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 40 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Trigger Reset 10 MHz Sine Out 10 MHz CMOS Out 1 PPS Out 1 PPS In 700 MHz Ref Out 1 4 GHz Ref Out 6 c lt IDC In n Power Switch Figure 7 1 General block diagram of the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit used in the AR1012 SWORD DREX Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 41 1012 SWORD DREX No W O1 11 12 13 14 15 Continued on Next Page User s Manual Lo1 Usr1 21 65 GHz Usr2 28 00 GHz Usr3 29 28 GHz Usr4 22 65 GHz Front Panel 0 Rear Panel A N 621 Figure 7 2 AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit front a and rear b panels Part Dog Ears Handle Logo LED Power Switch LO1 LO1 LO2 LCD USB Host LAN USB Device LEDs ID Label Fan Applied Radar Inc Function For mounting to a 19 inch rack Handle to assist in removal of unit from a 19 inch rack Applied Radar Inc Logo Power indicator Turns On Off the AR1001 LO1 outputs to the AR1002 Single Channel Upconverters plus extra output which must be t
71. ding will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury or death Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 vi AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual CAUTION e Use this device with the cables provided e Do not attempt to service this device This device should be returned to Applied Radar Inc for any service or repairs e Do not open the device Environmental Conditions This product is designed for indoor use only Table i shows the general environmental requirements for this product Table i Environmental Conditions Condition Requirements Temperature 0 to 40 C operating 30 C to 70 C non operating Humidity Operating up to 96 at 70 C non condensing Operating up to 90 at 65 C non condensing Altitude Operating up to 4 600 meters 15 000 feet Non Operating up to 4 600 meters 15 000 feet Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 vil AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Revision Control Revision Description of Changes Date 1 0 0 Initial Creation 01 06 201 1 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 viii 1012 SWORD DREX Acronyms ARI Applied Radar Inc AROSA Applied Radar Open Source Architecture BMD Ballistic Missile Defense CPG Pulse Group CPI Coherent Pulse Interval DREX Digital Receiver EXciter ECU Embedded Controller Unit GUI Graphical User Interface OSA Open Systems Architecture ROSA Radar Open Systems Architecture SBC Single Board Computer SWORD Sca
72. displayed in the plot The user can choose to display from one up to four channels at a time 6 2 TX Channel Display Radio Buttons The TX Channel Display radio buttons allow the user to select which channel the transmitted waveform for is displayed in the bottom graph Only one TX may be selected at a time 6 3 Tool Buttons Five Tool Buttons have been provided for the user to interact with the plots Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 122 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 13 2 Plot tool buttons Button Mouse Gesture Autoscales the displayed plot Autoscales the Y axis Undocks the currently displayed plot from the Plotting window and opens it in its own window Displays a tooltip which holds the current x and y value of the cursor position Displays a Help window summarizing the mouse gestures for interacting with the plots 6 4 Plot Tabs The Plot Tabs allow the user to select between the five available processing and data display options Table 13 3 Plot tabs Action Mouse Gesture Time Shows the received data as a function of time Baseband Frequency Performs and FFT on the received data and displays the baseband fre quency components RF Frequency Translates the Baseband Frequency plot to the RF output frequency band SIFT Displays the two dimensional Short Time Fourier Transform plot of the selected channel Doppler Displays the Range Doppler map of the most currently processed CPG of the selected channel
73. e 7 4 System Menu icons Icon Description LJ Provides access to the LCD Setup menu Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 59 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual i Provides access to the System Setup menu 6 4 1 System Setup Menu The System Setup Menu shown in Fig 7 24 allows the operator to access the GPS Setup and Status screen the LAN Setup screen and the Reference configuration screen GPS Setup amp LAN Setup 1 Reference Figure 7 24 Configuration Menu Table 7 5 Configuration Menu icons Icon Description ES Provides access to the GPS Setup and Status screen E Provides access to the LAN Configuration screen 1 Provides access to the Reference configuration screen 6 4 2 GPS Setup NOTICE Only applies to systems with Option 100 installed To access the GPS Setup and Status screen press the GPS Setup option from the System Setup menu The GPS Setup and Status screen provides the current status of the GPS unit as well as allowing the operator to configure the Antenna bias voltage The GPS Setup and Status screen shown in Fig 7 25 is divided into two sections The GPS status is shown on the left side of the screen and allows the operator to determine if an antenna fault has been detected if the GPS unit is in holdover mode if the GPS unit has achieved lock and the number of satellites currently in view The right side of the GPS Setup and Status screen allows the user to select the bias voltage
74. e desired txc file from the browser dialog To save the current Transmit Configuration Table for later use press the Save button and enter the desired filename The transmit configuration file will be saved with a txc extension To add an entry to the Transmit Configuration Table press the Add button and a new row will be added to the table To remove a row from the table select the row to remove and press the Remove button To edit an entry on the Transmit Configuration Table simply double click the desired element and enter the new values Copy and Paste buttons are also provided for ease of replicating entries in the table To specify the waveform name in the CH1 through columns the user may either type the waveform name or drag and drop the waveform name from the Waveform Table NOTICE The waveform names entered in the CH1 through CH4 columns must match a waveform name in the Waveform Table Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 114 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 5 Control Panel The Control Panel contains interactive input widgets for managing execution of the Transmit Configuration Table manipulation of returns and status display indicators The Control Panel consists of the Start and Stop radio buttons and a tab widget which contains the General Advanced and ARI Cmd panels along with the system status LEDs 5 1 Start Stop The Start and Stop buttons control sending requests for waveforms to the
75. e has occurred Rx Port 61501 TxPort 61502 Figure 12 2 Server GUI Error window Table 12 1 AR1012 Error Codes and Messages AR1006 FPGA Error Messages 101 AR1006 FPGA failed to open a VME slot 102 AR1006 FPGA VME slot is already open 103 AR1006 FPGA VME slot is invalid 104 AR1006 FPGA VME IMG set mapping error 105 AR1006 FPGA VME set address failed 106 AR1006 FPGA VME get address failed 107 AR1006 FPGA VME get granularity failed 121 AR1006 ADC sample data not ready 122 AR1006 ADC read incorrect index 123 AR1006 ADC time expired before read could finish Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 104 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Page 124 AR1006 FPGA FIFO is greater than half full dropping samples AR1004 Downconverter Error Messages 171 AR1004 Downconverter failed to open a VME slot 172 AR1004 Downconverter VME slot is already open 173 AR1004 Downconverter VME slot is invalid 174 AR1004 Downconverter VME IMG set mapping error 175 AR1004 Downconverter VME set address failed 176 AR1004 Downconverter VME get address failed 177 AR1004 Downconverter VME get granularity failed 181 AR1004 Downconverter invalid gate voltage entry 182 AR1004 Downconverter error reading from PIC 183 AR1004 Downconverter error writing to PIC AR1012 System Command Error Messages 211 Error loading wf cnf file 212 Error unzipping wf cnf file 213 Error opening wf c
76. ear regulators and filtering to condition the power lines from the external DC power supply and removes the noise due to any switching in the power supply This board is crucial for low phase noise operation and the AR1001 should never be operated without the AR9004 Power Supply Conditioning Board installed CAUTION Use only the supplied AC DC 12V 8 5A Switching Power Adapter Do not replace or modify the AR9004 Power Conditioning Unit Doing so will result in degraded RF performance and will void the warranty Should the AR1001 need repair please return it to Applied Radar for service 6 LCD Operation For systems with Option 001 installed a touch screen LCD is added to the front panel of the AR1001 LO oynthesizer Distribution Unit The LCD interface allows the user to not only receive visual feedback of the state of the system it also allows the AR1001 to be operated in the absence of a computer Through the LCD the user can verify the USB and LAN connections the lock status of the RF synthesizers and GPS change the GPS configuration modify the LAN parameters change the frequency and power settings of each of the installed RF synthesizer individually save and recall to from any of the 10 memory locations recalling from memory location 0 is the same as presetting the unit and monitor the maximum temper ature of the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit and RF synthesizers The user may also customize the title max 25 characters and the 4 ch
77. ectors of the DAC mezzanine 8 Trigger External trigger input 9 Clock out Clock output for daisy chaining 10 Clock in External clock input 11 14 ADC input connector Input connectors for the ADC mezzanine 15 Trigger External trigger input 16 Clock out Clock output for daisy chaining 17 Clock in External clock input 18 Cat 5 SYNC Provides synchronizing capability when multiple AR1006s are used 19 TX Fiber Connector Transmit multi gigabit fiber connection for high speed output 20 RCV Fiber Connector Receive multi gigabit fiber connection for high speed input 3 AR8005 Four Channel ADC Mezzanine The AR8005 is a four channel 8 bit 1 5 Giga Sample Per Second GSPS analog to digital converter ADC mezzanine card compatible with the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor The AR8005 ADC chipset allows for either baseband or second Nyquist band real time sampling of analog IF or RF signals with over 500 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth and 7 5 effective bits A single onboard PLL clock is used to clock all four ADC channels The AR8005 has the option for an external clock input signal through a MMCX connector which may be used to clock the four ADC input channels allowing for a common clock to be used for multiple mezzanine cards The AR8005 contains an external input trigger Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 29 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual signal which is used to synchronize data collection of multiple AR8005 modules The single external in put
78. ed Controller Unit 52 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 4 GPS Timing amp Reference Module 52 5 Power Supply and Conditioning a a 56 6 LCD Operation 56 6 1 Splash 56 6 2 HomeScreen 57 Oo TOD gt 58 6 4 System Menus a 59 6 4 1 System Setup Menu 60 6 4 2 GPS 60 6 4 3 LAN Setup 61 6 4 4 LAN Setup Screen 62 6 4 5 Reference Configuration 5 63 6 4 6 LCD Setup 63 6 4 7 Backlight Intensity Screen 64 6 4 8 Touchscreen Calibration 65 6 4 9 RF Synthesizer ID String Screen 65 6 4 10Title String Screen 65 65 Save Recall 5 65 6 6 Temperature Screen 66 6 7 System Information 5 67 6 8 Synthesizer Control Panel Screen 67 6 9
79. ed circulator allowing for monostatic operation 3 1 GPS The AR1012 comes with an AR2006 GPS Timing amp Reference Module with an ultra stable 10 MHz out put installed in the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit LSDU In addition to providing the common 10 MHz reference signal and the 1 PPS signal for the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FGPA Processor the AR2006 provides the GPS timing messages used in the AROSA command schema An antenna connection for the AR2006 has been provided on the rear panel of the AR1001 The use of an antenna with a view of a sufficient number of satellites will allow the GPS unit to use the obtained GPS signal to output the correct absolute time and to correct for the drift in the 10 MHz OCXO The GPS unit Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 22 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual is capable of running in holdover mode which allows the GPS unit to function without being able to lock onto a GPS signal When running in holdover mode the drift in the 10 MHz signal is not corrected and the time reported will be relative to when the GPS unit was switched on Since the 10 MHz OCXO used in the system has very low drift daily aging is 2 ppb and yearly aging is 80 ppb and the server and client software synchronize their time base it is acceptable to operate the AR1012 in a lab environment which does not have receive a GPS signal 3 2 Waveform Generation Waveform generation is performed by the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processo
80. electrostatic discharges ESD which can result in damage to the product AAA Observed ESD precautions given on the product or in its user documentation ESD Sensitive when handling equipment bearing this mark This marking indicates that the device complies with applicable sections of part 15 of the FCC rules Part 15 VISA This marking indicates that the device complies with the Virtual Instrument Soft ware Architecture VISA specification SCPI This marking indicates that the device complies with the Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation SCPI specification This marking indicates that the device complies with the USB Test amp Measure ment Class USBTMO and the USB 488 subclass specifications USBTMC USB488 8 This marking indicates that the device complies with the VME eXtensions for mra um Instrumentation VXI specification u This marking indicates that the device complies with the LAN eXtensions for LXI Instrumentation LXI specification LAN eXtensi ns far Instrumentation This marking indicates that the device communicates over the RS232 Serial Bus Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 AR1012 SWORD DREX CERTIETED Cees Expansion Bus Applied Radar Inc User s Manual This marking indicates that the device communicates over the Universal Serial Bus USB This marking indicates that the device communicates over Ethernet This marking indicates tha
81. en specifying multiple attenuation states a state must be supplied for every channel Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 97 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Page Attenuation Attenuation Attenuation Attenuation state dB state dB Default OdB Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise Example SYSEDOWN SetATTEN 2 0 sets channel 2 attenuation to 0 dB SYSEDOWN SetATTEN 2 6 sets channel 2 attenuation to 10 8 dB SYSEDOWN SetATTEN 0 1 sets the attenuation of all channels to 1 8 dB SYSEDOWN SetATTEN 1 2 3 0 4 6 sets channel 1 attenuation to 0 dB channel 2 attenuation to 7 2 dB channel 3 attenuation to 10 8 dB WD Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 98 AR1012 SWORD DREX Applied Radar Inc Part 111 Software Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 99 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual The AR1012 SWORD DREX software is divided into two components the server and the client soft ware The server software resides on the VME Single Board Computer SBC for systems with Option 001 or on the Processing Control computer for systems with Options 100 and 110 The server software is responsible for processing AROSA and ROSA messages received from the client computer interacting with the hardware and sending the received data to the client The client software provides the Graphical User Interface GUI interface between the end
82. erminated in 50 if unused SMA connectors LO1 output to the AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter 2 92mm LO2 outputs to all units plus extra output which must be terminated in 50 if unused Super SMA connector Touchscreen LCD Provides a USB connector for USB drives and other Applied Radar Inc USB instruments This USB port is connected to the ECU Cat 5 Ethernet connection USB connection from control computer to the AR1001 Status LEDs Factory use only Part identification label including product number options serial number and date code Cooling fans Revision 1 0 0 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Page No Part Function 16 10 MHz In 10 MHz input for locking the RF synthesizers to an externally supplied 10 MHz reference signal BNC connector 17 10 MHz Out 10 MHz output for daisy chaining BNC connector 18 1PPS Out 1 Pulse Per Second PPS output BNC connector 19 GPS Antenna Connection to GPS antenna BNC connector For maximum stability and ac curacy a GPS antenna should be used with a view of a sufficient number of satellites to obtain a GPS lock 20 1 PPSIn 1 Pulse Per Second PPS input for locking the RF synthesizers to an externally supplied 1 PPS signal BNC connector 21 10 MHz CMOS out 10 MHz CMOS output signal BNC connector 22 Not Used Reserved for future use 23 Trigger input Trigger input BNC connector Reserved for future use 24 DAC clock 700 MHz DAC clock outpu
83. f LO1 and or LO2 is on the system will power off the LOs prior to powering off the AR 1004 6 3 SYST DOWN getATTEN The SYST DOWN getATTEN command retrieves the current attenuation value for the specified channel in dB Command Syntax SYST DOWN getATTEN channel Parameters Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 96 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Returns Attenuation state of the specified channel Attenuation Attenuation Attenuation Attenuation state dB state dB 0 0 8 M4 _ 03 348 9 132 3 385 4 372 s 18 _ Multiple attenuation states requested by setting channel to 0 shall be returned as a string of states separated by commas 6 4 SYST DOWN setATTEN The SYST DOWN setATTEN command sets the attenuation value of the specified channel Command Syntax SYST DOWN setATTEN channel attenuation Parameters channel Specifies the desired channel number 1 4 Multiple channels can be addressed by separating the channel numbers with a comma When addressing multiple chan nels separate the attenuation values with commas lf a single attenuation value is supplied all channels being addressed will be set to that value A channel value of 0 is equivalent to specifying 1 2 3 4 for the channel value attenuation Desired attenuation state When specifying multiple channels the attenuation state shall be either in the form of a single value or a string of values separated by a comma Wh
84. face between the client computer and the AR1012 hardware The server software communicates with the client using the UDP protocol The server computer interprets the AROSA and ROSA messages and communicates with the system hardware The client software may ei ther reside on a physically separate computer or may be installed on the server computer When installed on the server computer the client and server communicate through the local loopback port 127 0 0 1 The server software requires no end user interaction however a simple GUI window is included in order to provide visual feedback of the status of the AR1012 The server GUI also allows authorized service personnel to access diagnostic tools contained in the server GUI These diagnostic tools should be ac cessed by authorized repair personnel only Any attempts to modify the server software will result in voiding the warranty 2 Server GUI Window The Server GUI Window shown in Fig 12 1 provides the user with visual feedback regarding the status of the AR1012 SWORD DREX In addition to the DREX System Status the current uptime of the DREX LO lock statuses IP addresses and ports and the Error Code of any errors encountered are displayed To shutdown the server select Exit from the File menu Under the Test menu the user can issue a reset command to the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Pro cessor board and send the string SWORD Test Message via the UDP connection to the client to ver
85. form Amplitude Time us Figure 13 1 Applied Radar s Client GUI Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 109 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 Flow Diagram The flow diagram in Fig 13 2 illustrates the typical procedural flow of the AR1012 SWORD DREX For definitions for the terminology used in the flow diagram please see Section 3 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 110 1012 SWORD DREX An ATM request is sent to the server The first dwell is entered The first CPG returns are received and stored User specified processing Is initiated upon the complete collection of each channel CH1 Processing Processed results are displayed based on user GUI interactions The remainder of the dwell duration waits to expire If it has not already The next dwell is entered if the ATM message requested another CPG Received All operations repeat until each message request within the ATM has its returns CH1 processed and displayed Processing CH1 Data Received CH1 Data User s Manual CH2 Data Received CH2 Processing CH4 Data Received CH3 Data Received CH3 CH4 Processing Processing Display CH Data Received CH2 Processing Data Recelved CH3 Data Recelved CH3 CHA Processing Processing Figure 13 2 Process flow of the AR1012 SWORD DREX Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 111 AR1012 SWORD D
86. gure 7 14 LO2 Phase Noise performance Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 51 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 4 Phase Coherence Among Multiple RF Synthesizers With multiple independently tuned RF synthesizers in the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit phase coherency among the RF synthesizers will depend on the operating mode of the RF synthesizers When operating in nteger mode with or without reference division assuming that the RF synthesizers have been locked for several cycles of the reference oscillator the RF synthesizers are guaranteed to be phase coherent When operating in Fractional mode the RF synthesizers are not guaranteed to be phase co herent NOTICE If phase coherency among the synthesizers is a requirement Integer or Integer with reference divider mode must be used 3 Embedded Controller Unit Every AR1001 unit comes with an Embedded Controller Unit ECU installed The ECU provides a central connection point between the control computer and all of the installed modules in the AR1001 The ECU can be connected to a computer through either the USB port or LAN port Communication with the ECU is performed through the VISA libraries The command format and structure is identical for USB and LAN connections Programming of the synthesizers and other modules is performed by sending commands to and from the ECU See the AR1001 Programming Manual for a list of programming commands 4 GPS Timing amp Reference M
87. he SWORD M DREX as having four channels with an operating range of 7 GHz to 11 GHz 3 Options The 1012 SWORD DREX is available with factory installed options which are listed in Table 1 1 To determine which options are installed in your AR1012 please refer to either the Product Configuration Sheet that came with your product or the Part Identification Label located on the rear of the AR1012 Table 1 1 Factory installed options 001 Single Board Computer 002 4 port Gigabit Ethernet switch installed 100 VME Slot 0 MXI Bus Controller installed deletes Options 001 and 002 110 Processing Control computer installed requires Option 100 4 Included Components The AR1012 SWORD DREX is a complete system which is comprised the following components e 16U 19 inch Rack black in color Product identification panel with master power switch 4U five slot VME chassis VME Power Supply Custom l O panel integrated into the VME chassis AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor with AR8006 DAC and AR8005 ADC mezza nines installed Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 3 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual AR1004 2 18 4 Four Channel RF Downconverter 2 to 18 GHz Option 001 VME Single Board Computer Option 100 VME Slot 0 MXI Bus Controller Option 110 2U Processing and Control computer AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit Integrated touchscreen LCD AR2006 GPS Timing amp Reference module with i
88. he USB 6 3 Toolbar The toolbar shown in Fig 7 22 is located at the bottom the LCD screen The toolbar contains icons that allow you to navigate through the various functions of the LCD For a description of the icons see Table 7 3 S Figure 7 22 LCD Toolbar Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 58 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 7 3 Toolbar icons Icon Description Provides access to the LCD Setup and System Setup menus Provides access to the Save Recall screen Press this icon to return to the Home screen Provides access to the System Information screen This icon indicates that the LCD is unlocked Press to Lock e Provides access to the Temperatures screen 0 This icon indicates that the LCD is locked Press to Unlock When a command is received by the AR1001 through either the USB or LAN connection the LCD is au tomatically returned to the Home screen and placed in the locked state To unlock the LCD simply press the Locked icon in the lower right corner of the LCD The LCD may be locked at anytime by pressing the Unlocked icon When locked the LCD display will continue to update the status of the RF synthesizers but will not accept any user input 6 4 System Menus The System Menu shown in Fig 7 23 is accessed by pressing the System Menu icon on the Toolbar LCD Setup 4 System Setup Figure 7 23 System Menu accessed by pressing System Menu Tabl
89. hown in Fig 7 38 Enter the desired number by pressing the numeric keys To accept the entry press the Accept icon To cancel the entry without saving the changes press the Cancel icon If a key is pressed in error use the Back Arrow icon NOTICE When you press the Accept icon the entry is sent to the ECU for validation If the entered value is deemed invalid by the ECU the LCD will return to the Keypad screen where another numeric value can be entered 21 68 GHz CLEAR Figure 7 38 The numeric Keypad Table 7 10 Keypad icons Icon Description Press to erase the last character entered Press to accept X Press to cancel CLEAR Press to clear entry 6 10 QWERTY Keyboard For entering alohanumeric data the LCD will take you to the QWERTY Keyboard screen as shown in Fig 7 39 Enter the desired string To accept the entry press the Accept icon To cancel the entry without saving the changes press the Cancel icon If a key is pressed in error use the Back Arrow icon Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 69 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual NOTICE The text displayed on the LCD screen is always displayed in uppercase letters As such all text can only be entered as a combination of numeric values uppercase letters and the symbols V Figure 7 39 The QWERTY Keyboard Table 7 11 Keypad icons Icon Description Press to erase the last character entered M Press to accept X Press to cancel
90. ify that communication has been established NOTICE The Debug Window found under the File menu is only accessible by authorized personnel and requires a password to open Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 102 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual SWORD X 400 Server 5 Hle System The DREX uptime counts from when the server is Hm powered up until 24 hours and then resets DREX Uptime 00 00 36 Status window outlines the critical system steps in Waiting for UDP Message Processing Message receiving a message processing its contents Waiting to Receive Pulses J _ transmitting and receiving a waveform and responding to the client The LEDs are Sending Result Message green while working yellow while The Display Error processing or Window button Error Message waiting red opens an error table when the action fails listing up to 50 error messages It will have entries whenever the Error LSDU Lock Status 1 LO1 LO2 and GPS E m lock status LEDs LO Q LO2 C2 GPS Q update once every 5 seconds Receiving Pulse Data Display Error Window The DREX UDP config a DREXServerlP ClientIiP Is read off of the 192 168 2 102 192 168 2 229 server computer AA IA 54 start up Rx Port 61501 Tx Port 61502 Figure 12 1 Server GUI window Applied Radar In
91. ight Depth Drawing Fig 2 1 AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter 19 00 3 48 17 00 D Circulator Panel 19 00 1 72 0 125 E 21 07 24 5 OO Q FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW A Figure 2 1 Outline drawings for Table 2 4 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 9 User s Manual 1012 SWORD DREX 19 007 19 00 17 00 FRONT VIEW Top VIEW 9 187 8 991 217 098 ae O LL Qe lt e LLI De LL Qe BOARD MOUNTING 6 299 109 TYP 21855 0040 5 2185 0040 3 500 004 3 500 004 Figure 2 1 Continued 10 Revision 1 0 0 Applied Radar Inc AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 17 00 O O 17 00 E aff E K _5 gt 19 00 FRONT VIEW D TOP VIEW 23 6 mm 1 AX L72in 0 250 X 0 531 144 mm SLOT Las ha Ls 19 0 483 mm E Figure 2 1 Continued Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 11 1012 SWORD DREX In This Chapter 1 General Information 2 Cleaning 3 Connector Cleaning Applied Radar Inc User s Manual 3 Maintenance D M RERUMS eee eee NEUES 2 5 13 TCI 13 A RENE et eset SENE NEMESIS NS 13 Revision 1 0 0 12 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 General Information This chapter contains information about the general maintenance of the AR1012 SWORD M DREX NOTICE There no user serviceable parts in the 1012 SWORD DREX For
92. ision 1 0 0 116 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual There are two options for calibration Selected and All When the Selected button is pressed the client will perform the calibration for the waveform that is currently highlighted in the Waveform Table When the ALL button is pressed a calibration is performed for all waveforms in the Waveform Table The calibration data is written into a file with the naming convention of waveform cal where waveform is the name of the waveform found in the Transmit Configuration Table or Waveform Table The Fourier Transform of the calibrated data is also stored for analytical purposes Matched Filtering To activate matched filtering click on the Matched Filter checkbox When matched filtering is acti vated the software will automatically search through the Transmit Configuration Table to determine if each waveform in the table has an associated calibration file If a calibration file is found the user will be prompted to use that file or to perform a new calibration If the user chooses to perform a new calibration or if any waveforms are found to be missing their corresponding calibration file the client will automatically perform the required calibrations Upon pressing the Start button and for every new dwell stored calibration data is loaded and passed to each individual channel processing unit based on the Transmit Configuration Table entry for the current CPG Clutter Filter In order
93. klight Intensity screen allows the operator to adjust the brightness of the LCD display APPLIED RADAR INC 78 6 Figure 7 32 Backlight screen Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 64 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 7 7 Backlight screen icons Icon Description Press to adjust the backlight intensity When this icon shows slide you finger to adjust the backlight intensity y Press to accept 6 4 8 Touchscreen Calibration Selecting the Touch Screen Calibration icon launches the LCD s built in touch calibration routine Follow the on screen instructions to complete the calibration 6 4 9 RF Synthesizer ID String Screen The RF Synthesizer ID String screen shown in Fig 7 33 allows the operator to change the 4 character on screen display label for each of the RF synthesizers in the system To change the display label press the button corresponding to that synthesizer the current label is displayed on the button The QWERTY Keyboard screen will appear where the operator will be able to enter a new 4 character ID label APPLIED RADAR INC Select Label To Edit Au 2 RF 3 RF 4 0S Figure 7 33 RF Synthesizer ID String screen 6 4 10 Title String Screen Pressing the Title Screen icon will take the operator to the QWERTY Keyboard screen where the new title can be entered The title string is limited to 25 characters in length 6 5 Save Recall Screen The Save Recall screen shown in Fig 7 34 all
94. l cause the Transmit Configuration Table to be repeated every 10 s until told to stop 6 Check all of the Rx Channel checkboxes in the plotting area to display the results of all four channels 7 Click the Start radio button to start the AR1012 8 When finished click the Stop radio button to stop the AR1012 Scenario 2 Stream the return of all four channels to disk for 10 repetitions of the Transmit Configuration Table Sched ule the first pulse to happen five seconds in the future Approach Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 124 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 9 10 Setup your Waveform Table to contain the desired waveform Save the Waveform Table so it can be recalled in the future Optional Setup the Transmit Configuration Table with the desired values Save the Transmit Configuration Table so it can be recalled in the future Optional Set the TX Start Rel parameter located in the Advanced pane of the Control Panel to 5000 to set the 5 s delay Set your Dwell Period for your time between CPGs to the desired value Check the Stream to Disk checkbox located in the Basic pane of the Control Panel Enter 10 into the Repetitions textbox and press enter the textbox will now be grayed out signifying that the value is now locked Click Browse to set the path and enter the folder name to store data Click the Start radio button and wait until the system is done it will
95. lable Wideband Open Systems Architecture Radar VVA Voltage Variable Attenuator Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Contents INOUGES 22 55 45 9 535983 99 u 8 894u5935595 2 5E Pas as Manual Part Number Trademark ss ww e ox e395455 6595 959949 9524 9 Nugd 52 Technology Licenses Restricted Rights Safety Certification s li Limitation of Warranty 1 2 i Exclusive Remedies i Produc odele s Geum e eee ee eee eee eee EOS sas E li Safety Notices li Personal Safety Considerations 2 ii od eby SVMDOIS gt osas sara AAA AAA lii lt uec kem e e RO ERES Y Cee ee eee ee eee eee Pee ES Ge IV Equipment Disposal vi General Safety vi Environmental Conditions e vil REVISION viii ACTONVIMS y eneke ee a dana 2494593953 IX 1 Introduction 2 1 Overview 3 2 NUMDE 3 OPUONS s s x2
96. m prf Hz band maximum prf Hz band DPCs number of FFTs band DPCs FFT size 88 1012 SWORD DREX int band samps per ch band samples per channel int band display gates band display number of gates int band display gates offset band display gates offset double band scale band scale factor Waveform t Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 89 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 11 Remote Commands In This Chapter lla APOEFOOHONOR e ue kaeawke ROI ROV tee eee ee XX WE RUN ORO 9 91 2 Qomtiiand Syntax lt se rres 2464 9 4x bee bee BOR bor acd box ow bau Sos HGS 91 o Oyster GCOMMANGS 4444 wane e rueexewxeszx 4xx445xewxX4qxvd xs 92 S41 o ARETES NA 92 4 PowerCommands 93 41 SIS TEWRON 2 3 54 25 osa Kou OROROR OR ROR eee 93 42 SYSI PWROPP lt 6 ks abe oec X EEE RES c oe wow Ks 93 5 RFCommands 2 94 51 DVS RerOWERON sesser 5 94 e matar POWERGI srs sereni roo Y 94 5 3 5 1 2 94 5 4 SYSERF getlO2 2 2 2 94 6 Downconverter Commands 96 61 SYSEDOWN POWERON 96 62 SYSDLDOWRNIPOWEROLEE s cs pearen ew ERE sea 96 63 OY
97. mand 364 AR2006 GPS error during read of result UDP Transmit Error Messages 401 Failed to initialize UDP server transmit socket 402 Failed to send UDP message UDP Receive Error Messages 421 Failed to initialize UDP server receive socket 422 Failed to bind to UDP receive socket 423 Partial or ill formed UDP message received 424 UDP receive busy ignoring request Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 106 1012 SWORD DREX Continued from Previous Page 425 Failed to receive UDP message AR1012 General Error Messages 0 No errors in the error queue Device is operating normally Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 107 1012 SWORD DREX 13 Client Software In This Chapter 1 2 3 4 7 Example Scenarios Lou wg E OE Wm eee ee eee EOS S A 26 eee e eee eee eee ee see e ss A DOUNON E eze eee ed ween aeeeekeeesede se Se oe ee ae Transmission Configuration 4 1 Waveform Table 4 2 Transmit Configuration COMMOL Panel D SI lOD e mom BORSE on RUE on aran oras AAA AAA 52 se 435 Xx 3409 9x AAA Oo Gencal 4 amp aa 5 4 Advanced Pane aoaaa 2 5 5 ARI Command pane 50 1
98. monitoring capability provides a built in test BIT capability for diagnostic purposes 2 Front Panel All connections are made through the front panel of the AR1004 The RF and IF connectors are SMA while the LO1 and LO2 connectors are 2 92mm and Super SMA 27 GHz respectively When installed in a VME rack the USB port is for factory use only all communications with the AR1004 in the AR1012 SWORD DREX system are performed through the VME backplane 00000 o Oo Figure 6 2 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter front panel No Part Functions 1 LO2 LO2 input 2 92mm connector 2 1 RF input channel 1 SMA connector 3 RF2 RF input channel 2 SMA connector 4 RF input channel 3 SMA connector 5 RF4 RF input channel 4 SMA connector 6 Markings Logo badge and text markings 7 USB USB port factory use only 8 LO1 input Super SMA connector 9 IF4 IF outputs channel 4 SMA connector 10 IF outputs channel 3 SMA connector 11 IF2 IF outputs channel 2 SMA connector 12 F1 IF outputs channel 1 SMA connector Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 34 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 3 Electrical Specifications The electrical specifications for the AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter are given in Table 6 1 and the nominal current values are given in Table 6 2 Typical gain performance as a function of frequency is shown in Fig 6 3 Fig 6 4 shows the flatness of the IF out
99. more information regarding calibration please see the calibration discussion in Section 13 5 3 5 4 Clutter Filter In order to reduce the effect of clutter on the received data the client has two clutter filter modes which can be activated by the user Subtraction and Doppler The Subtraction mode is used to remove the returns from known stationary objects so that only changes additions subtractions or position changes to the scene are recorded and presented to the user The Doppler mode is used to remove returns from the scene that have not changed in Doppler highlighting to the user any changes in motion in the scene 3 5 5 Incoherent Integration After matched filtering has been performed incoherent integration can be applied to smooth out the noise variance The ARI Client software allows the operator to set the incoherent integration factor a factor of one is equivalent to turning off incoherent integration Incoherent integration is applied after all other processing 4 Typical Performance Typical performance results of the AR1012 SWORD M DREX are shown in Figures 4 6 to 4 8 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 24 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual OUTPUT POWER dBm E ttt TAT LLLI tT FREQUENCY MHz Figure 4 6 Typical DAC output sweep at IF Baseband 274 Nyquist Rolloff is due to the 274 Nyquist performance of the DACs RF Output LO1 Sweep 7 12 GHz 5 GHz Sweep 80 MHz steps
100. n the AR1001 LSDU LO2 Freq Button Clicking the LO2 Freq button will read and display the current output frequency of the LO2 synthe sizer in the AR1001 LSDU ARI Status Button Clicking the ARI Status button will show the AR Status window shown in Fig 13 9 which displays the lock status of LO1 and LO2 the reading of the four temperature sensors onboard the AR1004 RF Down Converter and the currents for each of the amplifiers on the AR1004 RF Downconverter for the nominal current values please see Table 6 2 Lock Status LO1 Lock CO LO2 Lock Temperature C AR1004 1 30 50 AR1004 3 31 50 AR1004 2 29 75 AR1004 4 31 25 LSDU 47 59 Currents mA LO2 Amp 0 CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 RF Out Amp 0 0 0 0 RF In Amp 0 0 0 0 IFlAmp Q0 0 0 0 LO1 Amp 0 0 0 0 Figure 13 9 ARI Status window 5 6 Status LEDs The Status LEDs shown in Fig 13 10 provide visual feedback on the status of the AR1012 to the user The five LEDs provide the visual status of the System LO Lock Network Processing and Plotting System Indicates the system health of the AR1012 If the LED turns Red check the wiring and ARI Status for abnormalities Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 120 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Status system Metwork Processing c LO Locks c e Plot Figure 13 10 Status LEDs LO Locks Indicates the lock status of LO1 and LO2 A Green LED indicates that both LO1 and LO2 are lo
101. nal AR1012 systems can be easily added to expand the number of DREX channels using the MXI daisy chain capability up to eight total systems can be daisy chained together and the server computer can be configured using standard COTS components to optimize the performance for the needs of the end application and allows for the server computer to be upgraded as newer components become available Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 19 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 2 1 Operating System For 1012 SWORD DREX systems that ship with Option 001 or Option 110 installed the system includes a server computer for controlling the AR1012 For systems with a VME Single Board Computer Option 001 the server computer comes Fedora 8 installed For systems with a separate rack mounted server computer Options 100 and 110 the control computer comes with Fedora 14 installed NOTICE Systems with Option 100 and 110 installed will always ship with the latest version of Fedora which has been verified to work with the AR1012 2 3 Circulator Patch Panel Connections between the 1012 SWORD DREX and the antenna are made through the Circulator Patch Panel which is located at the bottom of the 19 inch rack A circulator for each channel of the DREX has been mounted to the back of the patch panel and the receive transmit and common antenna ports are brought to the front of the panel through SMA bulkheads The transmit and receive po
102. nds the ASCII cmd name string as specified in Chapter 11 The arg array is irrelevant cmd name 30 because the command has no argument and is therefore packed with Os SYST DOWN getATTEN 0 arg 0 0 arg 1 0 arg 2 0 arg 3 0 Server to Client Respond to request Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 81 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Page The server responds to the client s request with the same msg name and cmd name As described in the Chapter 11 Section 6 3 arg 0 through arg 3 correspond to different attenuation states on channels 1 through 4 This is one of the few requests that actually returns values on arg 1 through arg 3 msg name 4 ARC cmd name 30 SYST DOWN getATTEN 0 arg 0 0 arg 1 5 arg 2 3 arg 3 8 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 82 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 10 MIT LL ROSA Messages In This Chapter 1 INUOCUCUON s a s o eee wee eekeee wc 9 ee eRe d 9 2 4 58 RO WOROR ee 5 4 84 2 ROSA Socket 84 2 1 84 2 2 BCM 86 2 9 e users diatu ner e rere 8 6 87 2 4 WFC Waveform Table Message a 87 2 4 1 WF cnf Format 2 2 2 2 88 Applied Radar Inc Revisi
103. nf file 222 Bad character in ARI command string 223 Unknown command in ARI command string AR1012 Memory Allocation Error Messages 231 Failed to allocate ADC data array 232 Failed to allocate queue data array 233 Failed to allocate waveform data array AR1012 Waveform Parameter Error Messages 242 Pulsewidth is too big for AR1012 waveform gen core forced to 11 7us 243 Invalid center frequency sample rate too low 244 Unknown waveform type requested 245 Invalid waveform parameter entered Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 105 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Continued from Previous Page AR1004 VISA Error Messages 301 AR1004 module failed to open 302 AR1004 module not identified 303 AR1004 error during write of command 304 AR1004 error during read of result LSDU AR2001 10 20 VISA Error Messages 321 AR2001 10 20 LO1 module failed to open 322 AR2001 10 20 LO1 module not identified 323 AR2001 10 20 LO1 module error during write of command 324 AR2001 10 20 LO1 error during read of result LSDU AR2001 21 24 VISA Error Messages 341 AR2001 21 24 LO2 module failed to open 342 AR2001 21 24 LO2 module not identified 343 AR2001 21 24 LO2 module error during write of command 344 AR2001 21 24 LO2 error during read of result LSDU AR2006 VISA Error Messages 361 AR2006 GPS module failed to open 362 AR2006 GPS module not identified 363 AR2006 GPS module error during write of com
104. nine Connector CH3 SMA 14 Bit CLK IN 1 GSPS SWITCH SWITCH 1 3 CH4 SMA Figure 5 4 AR8006 block diagram An example of the output spectrum of the AR1006 with an AR8006 mezzanine card installed is shown in Fig 5 5 Single Sided Amplitude Spectrum of the Digitized Signal 20 log10 2 F f 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Frequency MHZ Figure 5 5 Output spectrum of the AR1006 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 31 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 6 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter In This Chapter 1 4 5 A X WU RUE AA 33 2 FONR NE o 3 999 x ubEYXSSXe454 5 3 94353 1 hee Yo 34 3 ss sse ck dw ox ds wx eS x xe 43554 9343949 3 94 30 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 32 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Overview The AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter provides four channels of RF downconversion with an RF input frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz The IF output is centered at 1125 MHz with a 500 MHz bandwidth 875 1875 MHz The AR1004 provides typical gains of 42 dB at 2 GHz and 27 dB at 18 GHz There is 25 dB of gain control with four bit resolution approximately 1 6 dB steps The form factor is a single slot VME size C 6U card RF input p mmm mm mmm mm m m mm mm IF Output 2 18 GHz 875 1375 MHz 1 RF1 IF1 gt O gt gt RF2 IF2 gt LO1
105. ntegrated 10 MHz OCXO and holdover mode AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter Quantity 4 Circulator Patch Panel e Monitor e Keyboard and mouse USB e Server software installed on the VME Single Board or Processing and Control computer e Client software Requires Fedora 13 or higher 5 Getting Started 5 1 Initial Inspection In order to prevent damage to the system components the AR1012 SWORD DREX is shipped unassem bled in several shipping containers Inspect each shipping container for damages immediately upon ar rival If any of the shipping containers or packing material is damaged they should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked mechanically and electrically If there is any mechanical or electrical damage notify Applied Radar within 3 days of receiving the shipment Keep the damaged shipping materials if any for inspection by the carrier 5 2 Package Contents The following items are included in the shipment If any items are missing contact Applied Radar imme diately L SWORD DREX AR1012 1161 19 inch Rack L Product identification panel with master power switch E 40 5 slot VME chassis with custom I O panel and power supply 1 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine VME FPGA Processor board L AR8005 ADC Mezzanine card L AR8006 DAC Mezzanine card L AR1004 Four channel RF Downconverter VME module E Option 001 VME Single Board Computer 1 Option 100 VME Slot 0 MXI Bus controller card
106. ny information contained herein in cluding but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fit ness for a particular purpose Ap plied Radar shall not be liable for errors or incidental or consequential damages in connection with the fur nishing use or performance of this document or of any information con tained herein Should Applied Radar and the user have a separate writ ten agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this docu ment that conflict with these terms the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control Technology Licenses The hardware and or software de scribed in this document are fur nished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license Restricted Rights Legend U S Government Restricted Rights Software and technical data rights granted to the federal government include only those rights custom arily provided to end user cus tomers Applied Radar Inc pro vides this customary commercial li cense in Software and technical data pursuant to FAR 12 211 Technical Data and 12 212 Computer Soft ware and for the Department of De fense DFARS 252 227 7015 Tech nical Data Commercial Items and DFARS 227 7202 3 Rights in Com mercial Computer Software or Com puter Software Documentation Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual Safety Notices CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a haz ard It calls attention to
107. odule For systems with Option 100 installed the standard AR3003 Reference Distribution Unit is replaced by the the AR2006 GPS Timing amp Reference module The AR2006 is a GPS driven mixed signal phase lock loop providing 1 PPS CMOS 10 MHz CMOS and 10 MHz Sine outputs from an intrinsically low jitter voltage controlled oscillator The AR2006 can be locked to a 10 MHz reference derived from the on board GPS receiver or to an externally supplied 10 MHZ or 1 PPS signal The AR2006 incorporates a high precision 10 MHz OCXO which is disciplined by the GPS signal When the AR2006 is unable to lock onto a sufficient number of GPS satellites the AR2006 operates in Holdover mode which uses the 10 MHz OCXO to directly derive the output 1 PPS and 10 MHz signals The AR2006 is also capable of locking to an externally applied 1 PPS or 10 MHz signal The reference source used by the AR2006 is specified either through VISA commands from the host computer or through the LCD when the AR1001 is equipped with Option 001 The AR2006 provides four 10 MHz reference signal outputs for driving up to four RF Synthesizers A fifth amplified output is provided and connected to the reference output connector on the rear panel of the AR1001 permitting one reference unit to drive multiple products In addition to the 10 MHz reference output a 10 MHz CMOS and a 1 PPS output are provided on the rear panel to allow the AR1001 to sup ply timing signals for time critical appli
108. of the protective conductor inside or outside the product is likely to make the product dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited If this product is not used as specified the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired This product must be used in a normal condition in which all means of protection are intact only Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 i 1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual No operator serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to qualified personnel To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers For continued protection against fire hazard replace the line fuse s only with fuses of the same type and rating for example normal blow time delay etc The use of other fuses or material is prohibited Safety Symbols EP l gt Direct current Alternating current Both direct and alternating current 3 Earth ground terminal Chassis terminal Temperature Caution risk of electric shock Microwave radiation hazard Applied Radar Inc On supply Off supply Three phase alternating current Protective conductor terminal Protective conductor terminal Caution risk of danger Caution hot surface gt gt 00 o Revision 1 0 0 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Markings The following markings may appear on the equipment or in any related documentation This marking indicates that a device or part of a device may be susceptible to
109. on 1 0 0 83 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 1 Introduction The implementation of the AR1012 SWORD M DREX server is backwards compatible with the Radar Open Systems Architecture ROSA model developed by MIT LL The ROSA model decomposes the radar processing control architecture into individual loosely coupled systems 1 These subsytems com municate to the main computer through the use of a high level control message based schema 2 ROSA Socket Messages The AR1012 SWORD DREX supports UDP sockets in compliance with ROSA The messages sup ported are described in Table 10 1 Table 10 1 DREX Socket Message Types Message Type Description TCM ROSA Transmit Control Message TCM initiates a pulse transmission and capture BCM ROSA Beam Control Message BCM these are presently ignored RES ROSA captured sample result Message results from TCM WF Waveform message enables downloading of WF cnf file to be used for SWORD DREX waveform generation Note In ROSA the mechanism for distribution of this file is not explicitly specified Use of this message enables custom waveforms to be downloaded All waveforms are refer enced off from the WF waveform index WFR Waveform Request mes sage causes the AR1006 system to send the current WF cnf file to the requestor using a WF message 2 1 TCM Messages The ROSA TCM message is converted into a AR1006 GEN message internally and inserted into the DREX waveform generator capture queue The
110. or the VME chassis 12 Logo Applied Radar Inc Logo 13 16 Cat 5 Connectors LAN Connections from Ethernet Switch 18 Requires Option 002 17 10 MHz output Provides a copy of the 10 MHz reference signal generated by the AR1001 for synchronizing purposes BNC connector 18 1 PPS output Provides a 1 Pulse Per Second PPS signal derived from the GPS unit in the AR1001 BNC connector Provides four additional Cat 5 connections to the SBC Re quires Option 002 19 Ethernet switch 2 2 Server Computer A server computer is required to operate the 1012 SWORD DREX The server computer can be configured in any of the following three ways 1 VME Single Board Computer Option 001 2 VME Slot 0 Controller Option 100 and integrated 2U server computer Option 110 3 VME Slot 0 Controller Option 100 and a user supplied server computer In order to ensure driver compatibility it is highly recommended that the server computer be integrated into the system by Applied Radar If the customer chooses to supply their own computer Applied Radar assumes no liability nor provides any assurance that the AR1012 will be compatible with the chosen computer system Operation of the AR1012 is only guaranteed with a computer integrated and tested by Applied Radar The VME Slot 0 MXI Bus Controller utilizes the MXI bus from National Instruments There are two major advantages which utilizing the VME Slot 0 MXI Bus Controller provides to the user additio
111. orm in GHz depending on the selected Mode Pulse Width The PW column specifies the pulse width of the waveform in microseconds us Bandwidth The BW column specifies the bandwidth of the waveform in MHz When configured for operation in the CW mode the bandwidth parameter is ignored To load a previously saved waveform configuration file press the Load button and select the desired cnf file from the browser dialog To save the current Waveform Table for later use press the Save button and enter the desired filename The waveform configuration file will be saved with a cnf extension To add an entry to the Waveform Table press the Add button A new window will appear where the user can enter the parameters of the waveform to be added to the Waveform Table To remove a waveform select the waveform to remove and press the Remove button To edit an existing waveform select the waveform in the table by clicking on the waveform s row and press the Edit button A window will appear where the user can edit the waveform parameters When using the supplied ARI client GUI the client will automatically synchronize the Waveform Configu ration Table with the server no user interaction is required Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 113 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 4 2 Transmit Configuration Table The Transmit Configuration Table allows the user to specify the waveforms to be outputted on each chan nel of the AR1012 The Transmi
112. ote 3 This is a variable sized message the entries with the word Table can be different sizes Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 85 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 2 2 BCM Messages The Beam Control Message is designed to steer the antenna beam to point at the target whether the beam is mechanically or electronically steered This message is presently accepted from the ROSA Simulator but no action command is performed or executed Eventually this message will drive a 3rd party or ARI transmit antenna or beamformer to the appropriate azimuth elevation at the appropriate time and beamwidth Table 10 3 ROSA BCM binary message courtesy MIT LL ROSA simulator manual VarName Description Location DataType Size Bytes Units Type Vaue BCM Header ASCII null terminated BCM char 4 message name Header BCM Size of BCM Message bise dor 5 NAME Msg ID B C M O MSG SIZE unsigned long Calculation Msg Size MSG TIME BCMNUM TCMNUM UCMNUM SPARE BT1 TOM Message composition time Sequential beam message index Associated TCM index Associated UCM index Data alignment spare BCM Header Size Beam table 1 time stamp BCM Time Header BCM Header BCM Header BCM Header BCM Header BT Header BT double unsigned long unsigned long unsigned long unsigned long Beam Vector Table Header Format 1 Global Index Global Index Global Index N A Abs Time BCM Index TCMNUM
113. ows the operator to save or recall the current system settings to from any of the 10 registers on the LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit Register O is a special register as it contains the default settings loaded upon power up In addition to the Save and Recall functions the operator may also Preset the instrument which is the same as recalling from Register 0 or restore the factory defaults When restoring the factory defaults the default settings at the time of Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 65 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual shipping are written into Register O and all other registers are cleared Use this feature to attempt to recover from a system malfunction To save or recall from a register press the register in the table on the right side of the screen and then either press the Save or Recall button If a register has settings stored in it an asterisks will appear next to the register number When saving to a register which already contains saved settings the user will be prompted to overwrite the register When recalling from a register or restoring the factory defaults the user will be prompted to confirm the action before the requested action is executed APPLIED RADAR INC Save or Recall Register 0 stem y 25 Save Register 1 2 Preset Register 2 Factory EY Recall Register 3 Register 8 Me Defaults esce Register 4 Register 9 z Occupied Register O Figure 7 3
114. pical Gain response over the RF input range of 2 to 18 GHz Magnitude dB do 10 12 14 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 IF Frequency MHz Figure 6 4 Typical IF output response over a 500 MHz IF bandwidth LO1 held constant and RF swept Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 36 1012 SWORD DREX Maise figure vs Frequency Tuner 012 Noise Figure dB 0 39 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 IF Frequency GHz Figure 6 5 Typical Noise Figure performance of the AR1004 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 1 5 User s Manual 37 1012 SWORD DREX 7 AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit In This Chapter 1 XE uv w Overview 2 RF Synthesizer 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 Embedded Controller Unit GPS Timing amp Reference Module Power Supply and Conditioning LCD Operation 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 CONTIQUIAION s e s lt sse sirasi aart ETEEN SE Skahan m xoc xo ox om Operating Typical Performance Phase Coherence Among Multiple RF Synthesizers Splash Screen HOME OCC s x33 35 524552 2 584 94 AA TOOD so renra erana eR ear aa a Raae e System Menus 6 4 1 System SetupMenu lll ll eee e ns CAL x 2x3 xx 3 3x 43 535 x P023 P RO 3 ERO POR BOR
115. put with a fixed LO1 and sweeping RF The typical Noise Figure performance of the AR1004 is shown in Fig 6 5 Table 6 1 AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter Electrical Specifications Parameter Q aL N RF input frequency range IF output center frequency C1 O O Instantaneous dB bandwidth Gain 2 GHz Gain 6 GHz Gain O 10 GHz Gain O 14 GHz Gain O 18 GHz Noise Figure 2 12 GHz at maximum gain LGL N N Noise Figure 12 18 GHz at maximum gain o 3 IF output 1 dB compression point OP1dB Output third order intercept point OIP3 Group delay distortion over 80 500 MHz BW Gain control range o 3 2 O Gain control step Q L N LO 1 frequency range NO LO 1 input power QQ UJ BE HIO gt o pen O O 00 ud E LO 2 frequency o 3 Min NEN EN E NN mM 23 63 EN NN LO 2 input power Table 6 2 AR1004 amplifier nominal current values Amplifier Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 LO2 Common 250 mA RF In Amp 150 mA 150 mA 150 mA 150 mA IF1 Amp 250 mA 250 mA 250 mA 250 mA LO1 Amp 140 mA 140 mA 140 mA 140 mA Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 35 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Gain dB Qu I C e QU Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Frequency GHz Figure 6 3 Ty
116. r and the installed AR8006 Four Channel 1 2 GSPS 14 Bit DAC mezzanine card The generated waveforms are capable of supporting up to 500 MHz of bandwidth with an output frequency between 25 MHz and 525 MHz see Fig 4 5 a lt 40dB N N N N T I T I TI D qr oi gt gt 5 gt gt gt gt gt LO LO O N N D E A o Y um 1 Nyquist Zone 274 Nyquist Zone Figure 4 5 AR8006 outputted Waveform spectrum In order to shift the spectrum of the outputted waveform to the desired RF carrier frequency an AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter is used The input frequency range of the AR1002 is 875 MHz to 1375 MHz which requires using the 274 Nyquist zone of the generated waveform as shown in Fig 4 5 Additional amplification stages have been added to the AR1002 to compensate for the lower signal output level of the AR8006 when operated in the 274 Nyquist zone 3 3 Circulators The AR1012 is equipped with a Circulator Panel allowing for monostatic operation The 7X transmit output of the circulator is connected via a RF cable to the output of the associated AR1002 RF Upcon verter The RCV receive port of the circulator is connected via a RF cable to the associated RF input port of the AR1004 RF Downconverter The ANT common port of the circulator is provided as a SMA bulkhead connection 3 4 Received Waveform Capture Waveform capture is performed by the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor and the installed
117. ral Safety Information vi Getting Started 4 Initial Inspection 4 Introduction 2 Options 3 Overview 3 Part Number 3 Maintenance 12 Cleaning 13 Connector Cleaning 13 General Information 13 MIT LL ROSA Messages 83 Introduction 84 ROSA Socket Messages 84 BCM Messages 86 RES Messages 87 TCM Messages 84 WF Waveform Table Message 87 Notices 127 1012 SWORD DREX Package Contents 4 Product Safety ii Remote Commands 90 Server Software 101 Software Client Software 109 Control Panel 115 Definitions 112 Example Scenarios 123 Flow Diagram 110 Overview 109 Processing and Plotting Tools 121 Transmission Configuration 113 Remote Commands Command Syntax 91 Introduction 91 Remote Processing Commands Downconverter Commands 96 Power Commands 93 RF Commands 94 System Commands 92 Server Software 102 Overview 102 Server GUI Window 102 opecifications 6 Electrical 7 Absolute Maximums 8 Connectors 7 Physical 8 AR1012 SWORD X400 8 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 User s Manual 128 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Bibliography 1 S Rejto Radar open systems architecture and applications In Radar Conference 2000 The Record of the IEEE 2000 International 2000 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 129 DI LM Applied Radar Inc o www appliedradar com AR1012 99 6 Revision 1 0 0 May 2011
118. rts are connected to the AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter RF output port and the AR1004 Four Channel Downconverter RF input port respectively The antenna being used with the AR1012 SWORD DREX antenna is not included is attached to the system through the antenna ANT port Figure 4 4 Circulator Patch Panel No Part Functions 1 Logo Applied Radar Inc Logo 2 5 8 11 TX Transmit Connectors for channels 1 2 3 and 4 respectively Connected to the RF output of the respective AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter 3 6 9 12 RCV Receive Connectors for channels 1 2 3 and 4 respectively Connected to the RF input of the respective channel on the AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter 4 7 10 13 ANT Antenna Connectors for channels 1 2 3 and 4 respectively 2 4 RF Cables The AR1012 comes with custom formed RF cables for interconnecting the RF components of the AR1012 Each cable is custom formed and is marked with a part number of AR1012 92 0 X where X is the cable number To aide with assembly each end of the cable has been color coded to indicate which device that end connects to The color coding for the AR1012 is listed in Table 4 1 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 20 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Table 4 1 Cable color coding Color Connects To Red AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor Yellow AR1004 Four Channel RF Downconverter Blue AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit AR1002 Single Channel Upconverter Circul
119. rver GUI window 103 12 2 Server GUI Error window 104 13 1 Applied Radars Client 109 13 2 Process flow of the AR1012 SWORD DREX 111 13 3 Graphical representation of the transmitted waveform definitions 112 13 4 Client Error Reporting Window 115 13 5 Generaltabpane 116 13 6 Advanced tab pane 118 fos Addo Dane a xw xm sae 9 951 119 13 8 Network Options window 119 13 9 ARI Status window a a a 120 LEDS 34455429 Wu EGER E Rue PORRO QURE OE WX sa Y 121 13 11Plotting section of the Client Graphical User Interface GUI 122 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 1 1012 SWORD DREX 1 Introduction In This Chapter a 5 2 Package Contents The following markings apply to the SWORD DREX A Ala ESD Sensitive lt SCPI VISA USBIMC Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 2 Part es ww me S uA eee She eae 4 4 5 Included Components a a a a Getting
120. s to other systems The AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit is available with factory installed options The available options for this product are listed in Table 7 1 To determine which options are installed in your AR1001 please refer to either the Product Configuration Sheetthat came with your product or the Part Identification Label located on the rear of the AR1001 Table 7 1 Factory installed options 001 LCD interface 002 Internal 10 MHz reference installed 003 70 MHz reference frequency 004 Frequency doublers installed 005 ADC DAC clock reference installed 006 Hardware TTL reset input on rear panel 100 GPS timing amp reference installed 200 Sweeping For units with Option 001 installed the LSDU can be controlled through the front panel touchscreen LCD which allows for control of the LSDU without requiring connection to a computer Through the LCD in terface the user can change the frequency and configure the operating mode of the RF synthesizers configure sweeping modes determine the status of the LSDU and save recall up to 10 user states When connected to a computer commands received over the USB or LAN connection will override any com mands entered through the LCD A general block diagram of the AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit is shown in Fig 7 1 Computer control of the LSDU is perfromed through the USB or LAN connection provided by the Embedded Con troller Unit ECU in the LSDU The ECU is an embedde
121. server If Start is pressed when there is at least one valid entry in the Transmit Configuration Table a TCM message will be sent to the server If Stop is pressed the client will finish processing the current CPG if a request was sent to the server before STOP was pressed and then stops sending future transmission requests 5 2 Error Window When the Status Panel indicates that an error has occurred pressing the Error Window button will bring up the client error reporting window shown in Fig 13 4 For a list of error codes and their meaning please see Table 12 1 in Section 2 1 of Chapter 12 Sword Client mf File AAA avefor efinition A ED CPG 1 Name Mode Direction Freq GHz PW us BW MHz un a rro i Save Remove 2 TestWF 2 LFM UP 10 0 10 0 100 0 3 TestWF 3 LFM UP 10 0 10 0 100 0 4 TestWF 4 LFM DOWN 10 0 2 0 100 0 5 TestWF 5 LFM DOWN 10 0 5 0 100 0 E ert e Lene no 10 0 1000 y CPI ms Quantity 1 d General Error Message 29 S ARI Cmd Advance 5 5 gt gt gt gt E 5 B8 B 8 o 70 A m Qa n c e lt Mm m 3 o Transmitted Waveform Figure 13 4 Client Error Reporting Window 5 3 General Pane The General tab pane shown in Fig 13 5 allows the user to perform configuration of the AR1012 and the return waveform processing Active Channels By default all four channels
122. spectrum with Fout 11 6 GHz with 40 GHZ span 46 LO1 output spectrum with Fout 19 6 GHz with a 40 GHZ span 47 LO1 output spectrum with Fout 15 6 GHz with 50 MHzspan 47 LO1 output spectrum with Fout 15 6 GHz with a 200 kHz Span 48 1 48 LO1 Phase Noise 49 LO2 output spectrum with Fout 22 755 GHz with a 40 GHZ span 49 LO2 output spectrum with Fout 22 755 GHz with a 50 MHZ Span 50 LO2 output spectrum with Fout 22 755 GHz with 200 kHz span 50 LO2 Phase Noise 51 Block diagram of the AR2006 GPS Timing Reference Module 53 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 xvii AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 7 16 10 MHz output from the AR2006 1 MHz span 54 7 17 10 MHz output from the 2006 100 kHz 54 7 18 10 MHz output from the 2006 500 HZ span 55 7 19 Splash 57 7 20 Indicates that the single board controller did not respond to attempts to connect 57 7 21 The Home 5 57 fee LOD ODIO nar eee hones ae eee oe eee ea eee ee ee 58 7 23 System Menu
123. stom l O panels to provide an additional four LAN connections to the server to support multiple user environments and or control of supported antennas User s Manual Functions Upconverter for Channel 1 Upconverter for Channel 2 Upconverter for Channel 3 Upconverter for Channel 4 Contains the RF circulators and connections for the TX ROV and Antenna ports 1 Power Supply 2 AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor 3 Empty Slot 4 AR1004 Four Channel Downconverter 5 No 4 5 Empty Slot Single Board Computer Figure 4 3 SWORD DREX Part Functions Power Supply Provides DC Power to the VME chassis AR1006 VME Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor with DAC and ADC mezzanine cards installed Empty Slot Intentionally left blank for airflow AR1004 VME Four Channel RF Downconverter Empty Slot Intentionally left blank for airflow Continued on Next Page Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 18 1012 SWORD DREX Continued from Previous Page User s Manual No Part Functions 6 Controller Computer VME Single Board Computer Option 001 or VME Slot 0 MXI Bus Controller Option 100 7 Clock 700 MHz reference output for clocking the DAC SMA connector 8 ADC Clock 1 4 GHz reference output for clocking the ADC SMA connector 9 USB B Connector USB connection to AR1001 LSDU 10 Cat 5 Connector LAN from the VME Single Board Computer Requires Option 002 11 Power Switch Power switch f
124. stop automatically Scenario 3 View the return on Channel 1 and see if the time delay measured matches the known distance to a target Configure the system to use an LFM up chirp at 10 GHz with a pulse width of 10 us and a bandwidth of 300 MHz Enable matched filtering Approach Setup your Waveform Table to contain the desired waveform Save the Waveform Table so it can be recalled in the future Optional Setup the 7ransmit Configuration Table with the desired values Be sure to set Quantity to a value of 1 Save the Transmit Configuration Table so it can be recalled in the future Optional Remove the connection from the antenna on channel 1 and leave the terminate the cable with a 10 dB attenuator Check the Matched Filter box choosing to overwrite the existing file if prompted The system will now calibrate the transmitted waveform The calibration will account for everything up to the antenna Reconnect the antenna Configure the Dwell Period and Tx Start Rel parameters to the desired values Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 125 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 9 Check the Rx Channel 1 checkbox on the plotting section 10 Click the Start radio button to start the measurement cycle 11 Click the Stop button to end the measurement cycle Note Under the Advanced pane in the Control Panel the Matched Filter Scale can be set to Absolute Value Linear or dB Applied Radar
125. t SMA connector 25 ADC clock 1 4 GHz ADC clock output SMA connector 26 DCin DC power input connector 12V D 8A maximum 2 RF Synthesizer Each AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit comes with up to four AR2001 RF synthesizer modules installed The RF synthesizers are PLL based synthesizers and are available in a variety of frequency ranges For details regarding the specific RF synthesizers installed in your AR1001 LO Synthesizer Distribution Unit refer to the Product Configuration Sheetthat came with your system 2 1 Configuration The AR2001 RF Synthesizer is a phase lock loop PLL based tunable RF synthesizer A block diagram is shown in Fig 7 3 A voltage controlled oscillator VCO is used to generate the RF carrier output A sample of the VCO output is fed back to the PLL where it is compared to a reference signal This comparison is carried out by passing the VCO signal through a Divide By N which is part of the PLL and dividing the VCO signal by an integer value as set in a PLL register to produce the signal which is compared to the reference signal The tuning voltage applied to the VCO by the PLL is adjusted until the frequency of the VCO is at the desired frequency This condition is known as the ocked state In order to reduce noise on the tuning voltage line which can cause degradation in the output spectrum of the VCO a loop filter is placed on the tuning voltage line between the PLL and the VCO Some ARI RF synthesizer
126. t Configuration Table allows the user to configure up to 128 CPGs to be outputted by the AR1012 Each row in the Transmit Configuration Table represents a single CPG Each CPG designates which waveform to be produced on each channel how many times to replicate this set of waveforms QTY and the time interval by which to space each repeated pulse CPI Note that suc cessive CPGs are repeated by the Dwell Period and the first CPG is delayed by the Tx Start parameter both of which are specified in the Control Panel see Section 5 The Transmit Configuration Table consists of six columns CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 QTY CPI ms CH1 The CH1 column contains the waveform name from the Waveform Table that will be outputted on CH1 of the AR1012 CH2 The CH2 column contains the waveform name from the Waveform Table that will be outputted on CH2 of the AR1012 CH3 The CH3 column contains the waveform name from the Waveform Table that will be outputted on CH3 of the AR1012 CH4 The CH4 column contains the waveform name from the Waveform Table that will be outputted on CH4 of the AR1012 Quantity Number of pulses to be generated for the waveforms specified in the CH1 through CH4 column The Quantity value must be an integer number greater than zero CPI The non zero time interval in milliseconds ms between successive pulses within the CPG To load a previously saved transmit configuration file press the Load button and select th
127. t the device is USB Low Speed and Full Speed certi fied This marking indicates that the device is USB On The Go OTG Low Speed and Full Speed certified This marking indicates that the device is USB High Speed certified This marking indicates that the device is USB On The Go OTG High Speed certified This marking indicates that the device communicates over the proprietary Ap plied Radar Expansion Bus This expansion bus allows multiple Applied Radar products to be connected to a common host board to provide a single connection to the control computer Revision 1 0 0 V AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual Equipment Disposal Do not dispose in domestic household waste To dispose of this equipment check your local or state regulations for proper disposal instructions General Safety Information The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this prod uct Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual or any manual associated with this product violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the product Applied Radar Inc assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements WARNING BEFORE APPLYING POWER TO THIS PRODUCT OR MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS TO THIS PROD UCT ensure that all instruments are connected to the protective earth ground Any interruption of the protective earth groun
128. ter results graph STFT Scale The user can choose between linear and db scales for the Short Time Fourier Transform STFT graph STFT Window The STFT Window parameter determines the number of Fourier Transform samples up to a maximum of 1024 which comprise the STFT window The higher the number of samples the better the resolu tion The default for the STFT Window is 1024 samples 5 5 ARI Command pane The ARI Cmd tab pane shown in Fig 13 7 allows the user to configure and determine the status of the individual ARI hardware components in the 1012 SWORD DREX The ARI Cmd pane is divided into two subpanes Set and Get The Set pane allows the user to set ARI hardware parameters while the Get subpane allows the user to view the status of the ARI hardware 5 5 1 Set Subpane Within the Set subpane the user can turn on or off the system and set the attenuation value of each channel of the AR1004 RF Downconverter System Selecting On from the dropdown menu will safely power on the AR1012 ensuring that the AR1004 is biased before applying an LO signal Selecting Off will safely power down the AR1012 ensuring that the LO signals are turned off before turning off the AR1004 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 118 1012 SWORD DREX ARI Cmd Advanced General CHx Atten User s Manual Get System e tter dB IE dB tten I tten jE 101 Freq GHz tten _ LO2 Freq
129. teway and DNS are displayed The current status of the LAN connection is displayed through two LEDs the Power LED indicating if a cable is connected and the Status LED indicating if the network is configured The operator is presented with two buttons LAN RESET and Setup Pressing the LAN RESET button will result in the LAN settings being reset to the default settings which is for everything to be automatically configured by the network Upon pressing this button the user will be prompted to confirm their action prior to the LAN being reset Pressing the Setup button will bring the operator to the LAN Setup screen where the operator can access and configure the LAN settings To return to the Home screen press the Home icon on the toolbar APPLIED RADAR INC LAN Status MAC Address 00 D0 69 42 BB 55 IP Address 127 0 0 0 LAN RESET Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 127 0 0 0 DNS 72 14 204 103 Power Status Setup Figure 7 26 LAN Status screen Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 61 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 6 4 4 LAN Setup Screen NOTICE When manually configuring the IP or DNS settings see your network administrator for the appropriate settings The LAN Setup Screen shown in Fig 7 27 allows the operator to select between dynamic configura tion DHCP Auto IP and Auto DNS and manual configuration The LAN Setup screen has two rows of checkboxes the first row allows the operator to choose between a dynamic
130. the new client PC and cease communication with the previous The client IP and server transmit and receive ports are stored locally in a configuration file Upon startup the most recent UDP configuration will be loaded by default Command Syntax SYST IP lt IPv4String gt Parameters None Default The most recent UDP configuration will be used Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise Example 1 SYST 1P 192 168 1 110 sets the client IP address to 192 168 1 110 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 92 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 4 Power Commands 4 1 SYST PWRON The SYST PWRON command safely powers on the AR1004 Four Channel Downconverter and the AR1001 LSDU Command Syntax SYST PWRON Parameters None Default The default system power up state is powered off Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise 4 2 SYST PWROFF The SYST PWROFF command safely powers off the AR1004 Four Channel Downconverter and the AR1001 LSDU Command Syntax SYST PWROFF Parameters None Default The default system power state is powered off Returns 1 if command executed successfully 1 otherwise Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 93 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 5 RF Commands 5 1 SYST RF POWERON SYST RF POWERON command turns LO1 and LO2 Command Syntax SYST RF POWERON Parameters None Default The default system power up state is LO1 and LO2 powered off
131. to reduce the effect of clutter on the received data the client has two clutter filter modes which can be activated by the user Subtraction and Doppler When the Subtraction mode is used the user captures the received signal that corresponds to the background by pressing the Capture but ton When the Doppler mode is used the previous returned data is subtracted from the current received data Subtraction is used to remove the returns from known stationary objects so that only changes additions subtractions or position changes to the scene are recorded and presented to the user Doppler is used to remove returns from the scene that have not changed in Doppler highlighting to the user any changes in motion in the scene Stream to Disk In the standard mode of operation all of the data is processed and displayed within the client GUI In order to stream the received data for all channels to disk for later processing and analysis click the Stream to Disk checkbox Data will be streamed to disk according to the Transmit Configuration Table The number of times that the Transmit Configuration Table is repeated is controlled by the entered Repetitions value The path to where the data is stored is set by clicking on the Browse button and selected the desired folder name to store all returns The streamed data will be stored in a subfolder in the selected path with a unique name that is date time stamped This folder will contain five
132. trigger signal initializes data sampling across all four ADC channels and can be used to synchronize multiple AR8005 mezzanine cards CH1SMA CLK OUT CH2 SMA ee MMCX Trigger Mezzanine Logic Connector CH3 2 MMCX E B Figure 5 3 AR8005 block diagram 4 AR8006 Four Channel DAC Mezzanine The AR8006 is a four channel 1 Giga Sample Per Second GSPS 14 bit digital to analog converter DAC mezzanine card which is compatible with the AR1006 Dual Mezzanine FPGA Processor The AR8006 contains four 14 bit DAC output channels each sampled at 1 GSPS The AR8006 utilizes a sin gle onboard PLL clock to clock all four DAC channels and has the option for an external input clock signal through the use of a front panel MMCX input connector The AR8006 has four SMA output connectors which are transformer coupled to four 14 bit 1 GSPS DAC channel outputs An onboard switch network allows for selection of either an onboard VCO generated clock configured with an onboard phase locked loop PLL circuit or an external clock input which may be optionally fed to the onboard PLL An external clock output is provided for phase aligning multiple mezzanine modules An external trigger is pro vided for synchronizing all four DAC channel outputs between multiple mezzanine modules Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 30 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual CH1 SMA 14 Bit CLK OUT Dual DAC CH2 SMA EXT TRIG Bi Dir MMCX Buffer Mezza
133. typedef struct ARI TCM Header t hdr User s Manual The first structure is defined as the ARI TCM Header It contains all static infor mation for an ARI TCM message The cpg total variable refers to the number of used entries in the ARI TCM Data t structure txstart refers to the initial start time for waveform transmission For messages with multiple CPGs transmission start time for additional groups is calculated based on the total transmission time of the preceding CPGs and the dwellPeriod The dwellPeriod is constant across all CPGs within an ARI TCM message rxoffset specifies delay time from transmis sion to reception for all pulses within the ARI TCM message This allows the user to shift the ADC sampling window in time The ARI Data t structure is an array containing the timing interval and wave form information for each CPG Using the pri and num variables as well as the txs tart and dwellPeriod variables from the header the DREX calculates the transmit and receive time for each pulse programming the timing information into the FPGA txstart and dwellPeriod only affect the start time for a particular ARI Data t entry The ARI Msg t structure is simply the inclusion of both the ARI Header and ARI Data t structures In each ARI Msg t there is one header entry and up to 128 timing interval entries ARI Data t ti MAX PULSE GROUP ARI TCM Msg t 2 1 Examples The follo
134. ued from Previous Data Size Bytes Units Type Value BA1 AZOFF 1 Azimuth angular offset single Offset Elevation angular BA1 ELOFF 1 asa single Offset BA1 DLY 1 Delay offset single Offset BA1 PHS 1 Phase offset single Offset Attenuation offset gain BA1 ATTEN 1 control single Gain BA1 POL 1 Polarization code unsigned long Code Beam Control Size Max Entries Max Size Max Total BCM Size Note This is a variable sized message the entries with the word Table can be different sizes 2 3 RES Messages The SWORD DREX RES message is used to return samples from the TCM request GEN request The RES message is not specified by ROSA but rather is vendor defined ARI chose this specific format to be compliant with the minimum input requirements of ROSA so that the samples could be properly interpreted by the ROSA system The TCM header state vector table SVT and timing interval table TIT headers from the original TCM message are repeated so that the ROSA system can properly associate the RES message with the original TCM message Table 10 4 ROSA RES binary message vendor specific ARI originated TCM Header same as TCM Message SVT Header same as TCM Message TIT Header same as TCM Message Data Type Size Bytes Units Type Value type 1 8 bit data Me type real Pulse Data 8 d nes EUR 7 21 bi 2 16 bit data real 7 1 to 65447 for 8 bit 1 to unsigned Integer 3
135. ulse repetition interval PRI can be queued internally on the server Inside of a CPG the user can also specify the waveform output on each of 4 channels As a result one can queue a near unlimited number of pulses on the server for transmission reception and client side analysis The ARI Timing Control Message structure is shown in Table 9 1 Table 9 1 ARI TCM Message Structure Data Type Size Bytes Units Type Value Applied Radar Timing Control Message ARI_TCM Header ARI TCM sequential ATM unsigned Global Transmit time of first ATM txstart CPG described in Header double sec UTC SSM Abs time message rxoffset Sampling time offset Header double sec Time delta Rel time Time ms between ATM ARI Header Size 2 we 1 Applied Radar Timing Control Message ARI TCM Timing Interval Data Array Pulse repetition interval PRI for a id double msec Time delta a d specific CPG p Number of pulses in ARI TCM unsigned Num Integer value Waveform type index wvfm for a specific pulse ne i pm 16 index Code WF Code group bytes bytes Max Total ARI TCM Size N Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 76 1012 SWORD DREX typedef struct uint8 t msg name 4 uint32 t atmnum uint32 t total double txstart double rxoffset double dwellPeriod ARI TCM Header t typedef struct double pri uint32 t num uint32 t wvfm 4 ARI Data t
136. wing scenarios demonstrate the ARI TCM structure Scenario 1 e Starting at 560 11 seconds output 50 pulses separated at a PRI of 100 ps e he system is in digital loopback DAC straight to ADC e Output waveform code 1150 on channels 1 and 3 and waveform code 1151 on channels 2 and 4 msg name 4 ATM atmnum 1 cpg total 1 txstart 560 11 rxoffset 0 dwellPeriod 0 pri 0 100 num 50 wvfm 0 1150 wvfm 1 1151 wv m 2 1150 wvfm 3 1151 Entries 2 128 NULL Table 9 2 ARI_TCM Structure for Scenario 1 ARI TCM Header The message name will always be ATM The atmnum is set to 1 although it could be any number as itis user defined and not used in timing calculation The cpg total is 1 since there are 50 pulses at a single PRI The txstart is the time at which the first of 50 pulses will be transmitted Since the system is in digital loopback no rxoffset is necessary With a single CPG the dwell period is unnecessary The value is ignored ARI TCM Timing Interval Data The PRI is set to 100us The number of pulses is set to 50 In the array numbering starts at 0 Therefore then channel number that the wvfm array refers to is actually the index 1 Any data inside of these entries is ignored because the cpg total variable in the header is set to 1 Code equivalent loosley based on C C but not correct syntax typedef struct uint8 t msg name 4 Applied Radar
137. with the AR1001 using the AR2006 GPS Timing amp Reference module with a GPS lock The 10 MHz output signal of the AR2006 is shown in Figures 7 16 through 7 18 Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 93 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual MER 14 661 MHz An REF dEr ATTEN 18 dE 4 868 dEr Lu Mai Mus TTE adit La ML CENTER 16 06 MHz SPAH 1 06 RES BH 3 kHz UBH 3 kHz SHP 3688 Figure 7 16 10 MHz output from the AR2006 1 MHz span HER 16 666 MHz An REF dEr ATTEN 18 dE 3 78 deri s d dL ddl a bu TIRE Li L A CENTER 16 668 MHz SPAH 188 kHz RES BH 368 Hz UBH Hz SHP 3 00 sec Figure 7 17 10 MHz output from the AR2006 100 kHz span Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 54 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual HER 16 666 664 5 MHz An REF dEr ATTEN 18 dE 1 58 dEr _ LLLA LY Og LI _ tv LA CENTER 16 6608 666 MHz SPAH 5060 Hz RES BH 16 Hz UBH Hz SHP 15 8 sec Figure 7 18 10 MHz output from the AR2006 500 Hz span Applied Radar Inc Revision 1 0 0 55 AR1012 SWORD DREX User s Manual 5 Power Supply and Conditioning The AR1001 requires a 12 V DC input voltage capable of providing up to 8 A to operate In order to pro vide a clean voltage supply to the RF components all power is routed through the AR9004 Power Supply Conditioning board This board uses lin
138. zer button The PLL lock status is displayed next to the frequency The status is displayed as an indicator LED A Red LED signifies that the RF synthesizer is unlocked while a green LED signifies that the RF synthesizer is locked The RF power state is shown in the last column When RF OFF is displayed the RF signal output is disabled Pressing the RF power state button toggles the state of the RF output GPS Icon For systems with Option 100 installed If the GPS Icon appears in the upper right corner of the LCD the integrated GPS Timing amp Reference module is locked to the GPS signal If the icon appears in a red circle with a line through it then a sufficient number of satellites are not in view and a lock to the GPS signal could not be established Maximum Temperature The maximum temperature observed in the AR1001 unit is displayed on the right side of the Home Screen To see the temperature readings for the individual RF Synthesizers press the temperature icon on the LCD Menu bar LAN Connection The status of the LAN connection is displayed on the lower right of the Home Screen The status is dis played as an indicator LED If the LED is green then the computer is connected to the AR1001 through the LAN port USB Connection The status of the USB connection is displayed on the lower right of the Home Screen The status is displayed as an indicator LED If the LED is blue then the computer is connected to the AR1001 through t

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AR1012 SWORD™ DREX User`s Manual, Rev