dAsms User`s Manual
Contents
1. EffRtnLevelL gt EF MEMSOO COL gt TEMPOO EffSendlevelL gt MW waL DEC REGOO EffRtnLevelR gt MEMS02 COR gt T EffSendLevelR gt MW waR Ed MP 02 DEC EF REGO1 28 Reference 3 Error and Wrning Messages If an error occurs code assembly is not possible If a warning occurs then assembly is executed but a problem may exist in the program 1 Source Code Configuration Errors Mings Error Missing COEF No COEF label can be found Error Missing ADRS No ADRS label can be found Error Missing PROG No PROG label can be found Error Missing END No END label can be found Error Illegal source text There was an error in the source code The problem may be caused by an illegal ordering of the labels COEF ADRS PROG and END Coefficient Address Constant Definition Errors Error Unknown error occurred in COEF There was an unknown error in the description of the COEF coefficient defini tion section Error Unknown error occurred in ADRS There was an unknown error in the description of the ADRS address definition section Error Initial value for Symbol is out of range The initial value given to symbol is out of range Error Invalid mode for symbol The notation mode of the initial value given to symbol is out of range Error2. Too many COEF defines The number of COEF definitions exceeded the maximum number allowed Error Too manyADRS defines The number of ADRS definitions exceeded the maximum number allowed dAsms User s Manual 29 Warning symbol Symbol never used This warning is given when an unused coefficient address constant symbol exists Warning Multiple definition This warning is given when multiple definitions exist that use the same symbol name The last definition takes priority in this case Program Description Errors Error Undefined symbolsymbol detected An undefined symbol was detected Error Invalid parameter parameter detected An invalid parameter was detected Error Invalid descriptionstring There is a problem in the character string string in the multiplication or addition description Error Illegal parentheses There is an error in the relationship between the locations of the opening and closing parenthesis in the multiplication or addition description Error Parentheses mismatch The number of opening and closing parenthesis in the multiplication or addition description do not match Error Missing gt before this line There is no gt corresponding to the previous Error Invalid gt detected An invalid gt was detected Error Invalid detected An invalid opening parenthesis was detected Error Invalid
3. detected An invalid closing parenthesis was detected Error Missing T A closing bracket could not be found in the description of the external memory access parameter 30 SEGA Error Invalid elements detected There is an error in the address element expression of the external memory access parameter Error Undefined address elementstring detected An undefined character string was detected in the address element of the exter nal memory access parameter Error Missing base address An address constant was not included in the address element of the external memory access parameter Error Use S3 to store tADREG The S3 option is necessary for storing the calculation result in ADREG Error PROG code overflowsttep3 The number of program steps exceeded the maximum number allowed Warning Multiple STR to EFREGxx This warning is given when a store is performed two or more times to the same address of EFREG When this occurs only the last store is valid dAsms User s Manual 31 Index Address constant symbol definition e 24 Assemble i tetto inm i e i e a teta 8 Assembling files inserer 8 lisi e 18 an 7 Coding methodi T 21 Coefficient and address Lecce nere isinna 10 Coefficient and address symbol definitions een 10 Coefficient and address symbols sss 10 Comments tni
4. R Direct signal level DrctLevelL R Return level from delay EffRtnLevelL R Feedback level of delay signal Fb1 R Assuming that a level resolution of 1 increments is sufficient for level attenuation the coefficient is defined using percent notation Refer elsewhere in this manual regarding the definition format The definition description in the dAsmscode is as follows EffSendLevelL 100 EffSendLevelR 100 Drct Level L 50 DrctLevelR 50 EffRtnLevelL S75 EffRtnLevelR 375 FbL 50 FbR 50 Defining Filter Related Coefficients for Feedback The following coefficients are used with the 1 stage IIR filter which becomes the feedback signal path for the delay signal shown in the signal flow diagram COL R CIL R C2L R Assuming that the filter coefficient is a normalized value of 1 the coeffi cient is defined in fractional notation When useful cut off frequencies are taken into consideration the definition in the dAsmscode is as follows C0L 0 40893 COR 0 40893 C1L 0 40893 C1R 0 40893 C2L 0 18164 C2R 0 18164 dAsms User s Manual 23 2 Address Constant Symbol Definition ADRS 2 1 Defining Wite and Read Addresses for the Delay Ring Buffer The rectangles in the middle of the left and right channel in the signal flow diagram represent delay Delay is produced by the delay buffer and the delay time is proportional to the difference between the write address and the read address One address is e
5. can be seen from the signal flow diagram only the sum of the following need to be written to the ring buffer a The product of EXTS00 and the coefficient Ef fSendLevelL b The product of the value stored in TEMP00 in step 4 of section 3 2 and the coefficient FbL The write address in the ring buffer is var As with MR in section 3 1 the address element Dec is used The above is expressed in dAsmscode as follows TEMP Fbl EXTSOO EffSendLevelL gt MW waL DEC Generating Left Channel Output Data andring to EFREG Once again the signal flow diagram shows that only the sum of the following 2 data need to be stored in EFREGOO a The product of the data read from address raL in the ring buffer and the coefficient EffRtnLevelL b The product of EXTS00 which is the input value and the coefficient Drct Leve LL The data read from the ring buffer required for calculation in step a is already loaded in mems00 by the process described in section 3 1 This process is expressed in dAsmscode as follows Q EXTSOO DrctLevelL MEMSOO EffRtnLevelL gt EFREGOO This completes the coding for the left channel 26 SEGA 3 5 3 6 Coding for the Right Channel This example is an independent left and right stereo delay DSP program The processing for the right channel is identical to that of the left channel as seen from the signal flow diagram H
6. ponat terea ertet dere l 24 ZERO mcn SAA SEGA EUM M Mer e 10 dAsms User s Manual 33
7. Exc COEF Coefficient Data ADRS Address Data PROG Program e A coefficient address data line is formatted as follows InternalRAM address data symbol name notation mode initial value Note The notation mode initial value has the same format as the right side of the coeffi cient address constant definition section of the source code Aline of the program is formatted as shown below ProgramRAM Address data Note The 64 bit data is divided up into four blocks every 16 bits in the data section Each block represents four hexadecimal characters Also one blank space is inserted between each block Refer to the executable file example shown on the next page dAsms User s Manual 19 e Anexample of an executable file is shown below COEF 00 Ol 02 03 04 05 06 ADRS 00 01 02s 0000 007B CoefC 50 CoefD 0 25 CoefE 123 negative value CoefF 50 negative value CoefG 0 25 negative value 0800 0400 1F85 1800 1C00 8000 PROG 00 xxxx ZERO coefficient data from reserved coefficient symbol ZERO CoefB 123 AdrsA 007B 33AE AdrsB 123 AdrsC ms300 0 XXXX XXXX XXXX 0 1 XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX omitted TE XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX Note An un x represents one hexadecimal digit 4 bits according to the PROG section format 20 Reference 2 dAsms Programming Guide When coding dAsmsprograms all
8. General Notice When using this document keep the following in mind 1 This document is confidential By accepting this document you acknowledge that you are bound by the terms set forth in the non disclosure and confidentiality agreement signed separately and in the possession of SEGA If you have not signed such a non disclosure agreement please contact SEGA immediately and return this document to SEGA This document may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein these changes will be incorporated in new versions of the document SEGA may make improvements and or changes in the product s and or the program s described in this document at any time No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate in any form the whole or part of this document without SEGA S written permission Request for copies of this document and for technical informa tion about SEGA products must be made to your authorized SEGA Technical Services representative No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents copyrights trademarks or other intellectual property rights of Sega Enterprises Ltd Sega of America Inc or any third party Software circuitry and other examples described herein are meant merely to indicate the characteris tics and performance of SEGA s products SEGA assumes no responsibility for any intellectual property claims or other problems that may res
9. P with pA only the TEMP symbols with the identical identifiers can be used Therefore specify T for pA When the value of YREG is used as the multiplication coefficient parameter one of either YREGH YREGL is used The difference in notation between these two registers shown in the table below q QU y dAsms User s Manual 17 Store gt opt Destination s opt Store option use or omit one of S1 S2 or S3 Destination s Store destination specification At least one out of Group a through shown below must be selected This specification cannot be omitted One of TEMP00 7F EG One of EFREGOO OF CAUTION When specifying ADREG for Destination s S3 must not be specified for opt Not The bit shift overflow protection and store mode settings for data is specified with opt The possible combinations are shown below Parameter 1 Setting Shift Overflow Protection Store Mode The data stored in ADREG and FREG differ depending on the specification of store mode A or B as shown below EJ m JI e The upper 4 bits ssss in the table above of ADREG in store mode A are filled sign expanded with a value sign bit equal to bit 23 of INPUTS 18 Reference 1 dAsms Executable File Format Executable programs created by dAsmsare text files based on the file format shown below The file extension for these executables is
10. adecimal integer 16 bit wide 0 to 65535 dec Unsigned decimal integer Milliseconds 0 0 to 1486 0 ms Unsigned decimal fractional number 4 digits integer component 1 digit fractional component maximum SEGA Example The following expressions are possible in the coefficient address definition section of the source code COEE CoefA amp HOFFF CoefB 123 CoefC 50 CoefD 0 25 ADRS AdrsA amp H8000 AdrsB 123 AdrsC ms300 0 dAsms User s Manual Program Description Command List Command Function ______ Right parenthesis LDI gt e RENE NNI Subtract a NUNT A PENES BE 14 S EGA Parameters Internal Registers Symbol REG Denotes previous multiplication or addition results YREGH Denotes section of see explanation of multiply and add syntax of YREG Denotes section of see explanation of multiply and add syntax of YREG FREG Refer to explanation of store syntax ADREG Address modify component refer to explanation of store syntax REG YREGH YRE FREG ADREG Internal RAM IX TE S00 1 S00 01 P00 71 F Sound generator data area F Temporary storage area for multiply and add results EFREGOO OF Processed data area EXTS00 01 External expansion input data area e F External memory load data area Memory Access Parameters S
11. al Range and Format for Initial Coefficient Address Symbol Values ooooccconocccccconaoancncnanannncnnnan 12 Program edel u s e c gaz ce e dente ek nube cer tries 14 Command EISE 5 iri eee A ee Pee ere esie Pres 14 NEE EE 15 Internal Registers EE 9 iii 15 Internal RAM T nM m 15 Memory Access Parameters MN ss 15 Programming SY MAX ve dcc tet eter oo e PP 16 Specifying External Memory Read and Load to MEMS DI 16 Eoad to YREG EDY aniston E reet render tate ut a lee 16 Load to ADREG LDA em coe O A 16 MUITIOIY ARRE EE 17 LONG E TN WE 18 Reference 1 dAsms Executable File Format ss 19 Reference 2 dAsms Programming Guide sisi 21 Creating DSP Progratms cent NN rette cr i nee ge D dada 23 1 Coefficient Symbol Definition COEP iii 23 2 Address Constant Symbol Definition ZADRS ss 24 3 Program Description G PROO enne enne nnne rennen nennen nnn nennen 25 Reference 3 Error and Warning Messages enne nennen entente nennen 29 1 Source Code Configuration Errors Warnings essere nnne 29 2 Coefficient Address Constant Definition Errors ssssssssssseseeeeeeeneeennen nen 29 3 Program DBescriptiemErrors sense 30 ld TR Am 32 dAsms Useis Manual This manual describes how to use the dAsmsSCSP DSP
12. assembler and its assembly language dAsms User s Manual Using dAsms A Basic Work Session The following is a sample work session for programming the SCSP DSP using dAsms It is assumed that all the necessary settings to run dAsmshave already been made 1 2 3 Start dAsms Write DSP source code using the built in text editor or load code prepared using another editor Run the assembler to compile the code Download the compiled code into Sega Saturn s memory SEGA Menus File Menu New Opens a new source file window Open Opens a DSP microprogram source code file selected from a standard Macintosh file dialog box Save Saves the edited file under the same filename Save As Saves the edited file under a different filename Specify a new filename when prompted Revert To Saved Returns the source file being edited to the state it was in prior to editing Close Closes the currently open file A warning will be displayed if there are any changes that have not been saved Quit Quits dAsms Note The file extension USC must be attached to source code files The Assemble command de scribed later will not work on source code files without this extension Edit Menu Undo Cut Copy Paste Select All These commands perform the standard Macintosh editing functions on the source code text dAsms User s Manual 7 Process Menu Assemble Assembles the DSP source code contained in t
13. d of program description Comments Comments can be inserted in the source code by using the apostrophe character to start them This causes dAsmsto ignore everything after the apostrophe character to the end of the line line feed Comments can be placed anywhere in the source code dAsms User s Manual Coefficient andAddress Symbol Definitions Definition Format symbol name initial value symbol name Variable name used for coefficient address data in the DSP code 1 byte alpha numeric character string of 15 characters or less initial value Initial value given for a variable denoted by the symbol name above The value is expressed by one of various notation methods described in this document Note One symbol can be defined in one line of the definition expression An initial value must be given to each symbol Number of User Definable Symbols e Coefficient symbols 63 e Address symbols 32 Reserved Symbols The coefficient symbol zero is pre defined the user may not define a symbol with the same name The initial value given to this symbol is 0 and placed at the beginning of the coefficient data section of the executable DSP program User defined coefficient symbols are placed in the order that they are defined starting from the second coeffi cient data in the coefficient data section Although the reserved symbol zero can be used in the user program section without its pre definition in the coefficient d
14. e maintaining a one address relative interval between them Filter Calculations for the Left Channel Feedback The next step is to perform calculations on the prepared data Calculation of the 15 stage IIR filter which is the feedback path for the delay signal is done using the following procedure 1 The value loaded in MEMS00 is multiplied by the coefficient COL 2 The value loaded in MEMSO1 is multiplied by the coefficient C11 The result is added to the result of step 1 3 The value of TEMP01 is multiplied by the coefficient C2L and is added to the result of step 2 4 The result of step 3 is stored in TEMPOO It is important here that Temp be set up as the ring buffer The xx in TEMPxx represent the relative address of the ring buffer The data stored in TEMP00 appear in TEMP01 for the next sample This is used in steps 3 and 4 above to generate a one sample delay dAsms User s Manual 25 3 3 3 4 In dAsms the method of expressing calculations is determined by the characteristics of the SCSP DSP hardware target Steps 1 through 4 on the previous page are expressed in dAsmscode as follows TEMPO1 C2L MEMSO1 C1L MEMSOO COL gt TEMPOO In order to express the sequential multiplies and adds as shown in steps 1 through 3 each multiply must be ordered in reverse within the code compared with the actual processing order Writing to the Left Channel Ring Buffer As
15. e reading through the attached document or have any questions or comments please let us know so that we can make the required changes in subsequent revisions of the document Simply fill out all relevant information below and return this form to the Developer Technical Support Manager at the address below Please make more copies of this form if more space is needed Thank you for your cooperation General Information Your Name Document Number ST 228 R1 030596 Document Name dAsms User s Manual Corrections Phone Date Questions Comments Send Your Corrections Comments to Fax 415 802 1717 Attention Evelyn Merritt Developer Technical Support E Mail dts segaoa com Mail SEGA OF AMERICA INC Attention Evelyn Merritt Developer Technical Support 150 Shoreline Drive Redwood City California 94065 dAsms User s Manual Table of Contents dAsms User s Manual etit td tr te BE o A DD 5 Using Ke ee MER A e eem 6 A Basic Work Session ss D Mis aaa 6 MINUS EE d DTE 7 a rte 7 eu EEUU Wh aaia 7 Process Ls 8 Ooo MEN pm RB SER 8 DSP Program Data Structure Data Format sisi 9 Sou PME omm D TL 9 Coefficient and Address Symbol Definitions sus 10 Definition Format ss Mts MB eese 10 Number of User Definable Symbols iii 10 Reserved Symbols iins senem 10 Notation Mode in Coefficient Address Definition Part of Source Code sss 11 Leg
16. efinition section the value must not be modified by any means e g within an DSP program or in the DSP hardware SEGA Notation Mode in Coefficient Address Definition Part of Source Code The following notation modes are permitted in the coefficient address definition section Notation Mode Conversion Method Conversion Result i amp H ADRS amp H8000 No conversion Conversion Methodhown above denotes the method used to perform conversion from a value in each notation mode to actual data The formulas for conversion methods 1 2 and 3 are as follows 1 Coefficient 4095 NotationValue 100 2 Coefficient 4096 NotationValue 3 AddressDefinition 44100 NotationValue 1000 Note Floating point calculation is performed for 1 2 and 3 The result is rounded off to the nearest Zero The format in an EXC file of the converted actual data is shown below Definition Section Actual Data Format COEF 13 bit two s complement format hexadecimal ADRS 16 bit linear format hexadecimal Note Note the difference between the constants of formulas 1 and 2 i e 4095 and 4096 dAsms User s Manual 11 Legal Range and Format for Initial Coefficient Address Symbalu s COEF Signed hexadecimal integer 13 bit wide Fractional 1 0 to 0 99975 dec Signed decimal fraction 1 digit integer component 5 digits fractional component maximum ADRS 0 to FFFF hex Unsigned hex
17. he active window You have the option of entering a different filename for the assembled output file Otherwise the extension EXC is added to the filename of the source code file as default Download Downloads an assembled DSP object file to the SCSP via SCSI Select the download file from the file dialog box and execute If the current edit file is already in a executable format i e the file is assembled its filename is used as the default download filename Option Menu SCSI ID dAsmsautomatically detects the SCSI ID of the development target when it firsts per forms a download operation That SCSI ID is subsequently used for data communica tions between the host and target This SCSI ID option does not normally need to be used unless your hardware setup changes CAUTION The SCSI ID of the development target must be different from the ID of any other SCSI device connected in the chain Incorrectly set SCSI IDs may cause loss of data or hardware problems on the SCSI device DSP Program Data Structure Data Format The structure and format of dAsmssource code are shown below Data Structure Description COEF This label denotes the start of the coefficient symbol definition Coefficient Symbol Definition ADRS This label denotes the start of the address symbol definition Address Symbol Definition PROG This label denotes the start of program description Program Description END This label denotes the en
18. instructions can be treated as part of a sequential processing framework There is no need to pay attention to pipeline processing The following processing steps are considered to be one processing unit 1 Prepare data required for calculation LDI LDY LDA 2 Multiply add expression description 3 Specify store destination gt Source code can be written by taking an appropriate functional component from the signal flowchart and fitting it in the context of the processing unit The DSP code is written by repeating this process in the signal flow processing order The DSP programming method used in dAsmsis explained next based on a simple example dAsms User s Manual 21 Programming example stereo independent left and right channel delay This example uses the external expansion inputs ExTs00 and zxrs01 through which audio data streams from the CD ROM can be input as the left and right channels The results of the independent right and left channel delay processing echo are output to EFREGOO and EFREGO1 Signal Flow Diagram DrctLevelL gt raL raL raL 1 Lch Hua EffSendLevelL MEMSO1 EffRtnLevelL i SEGA Creating DSP Programs 1 Coefficient Symbol Definition COEF 1 1 1 2 Defining LevelAttenuation Related Coefficients The following are defined as level attenuation related coefficients Send level to delay EffSendLevelL
19. owever the coefficient address constant symbol names register names etc are different Code for the right channel can be written by copying and pasting the code for the left channel described above and modifying the relevant parts that need to be changed Finished Coding for this programming example is now complete The entire source code that conforms with the DSP Program Data Structure Data Format section in this manual is presented below dAsms sample program Function L R independent delay CD Lch Direct Delayed gt EFREGOO CD Rch Direct Delayed gt EFREGO1 COEF Levels EffSendLevel L 100 EffSendLevelR 100 Drct Level L 50 DrctLevelR 50 EffRtnLevelL 375 EffRtnLevelR 375 FbL 50 FbR 50 FilterCoefs COL 0 40893 COR 0 40893 C1L 0 40893 C1R 0 40893 C2L 0 18164 C2R 0 18164 ADRS waL ms0 0 raL ms149 9 waR ms150 0 raR ms249 9 dAsms User s Manual 27 M PROG Lch DI EMSOO Sox EMSO1 Ej Ej HH Ke H Rch POI POO soo Ij Sox p E p E XT EMPO2 s01 MR raLt MR raLt MS02 EMSO3 EMP03 EC EC 1 C2L d e uU t I DrctLevelL MR raR DEC MR raR DEC 1 DrctLevelR Sal E EMS01 CIL FbL EXTSOO ME MSOO C2R MEMSO3 CIR FbR EXTSO1 MI MS02
20. quivalent to the delay of one sample The following are defined as addresses waL R raL R Although it is possible to assign ring buffer addresses in hexadecimal or decimal integers as initial values for these address constant symbols dAsms is capable of using addresses converted to time milliseconds notation The following definitions are made based on some useful delay times waL ms0 0 raL ms149 9 waR ms150 0 raR ms249 9 24 SEGA 3 Program Description PROG 3 1 3 2 Preparing Data for the Left Channel Memory access reads from the ring buffer is required in order to obtain the data necessary for calculation The addresses in the ring buffer that need to be read are ral e raL 1 However since these addresses are only relative positions in the ring buffer the address element nec is inserted in the part of the external memory read parameter MR DEC represents a counter that is decremented by 1 per each sample Ring buffer operations are made possible by adding prc to the address element notation Assuming that the data read from rat and raL 1 positions in the ring buffer are loaded to the following MEMSOO MEMSOL the data is represented in the dAsmssource code as shown here LDI MEMSOO MR raL DEC LDI MEMS01 MR raL DEC 1 As an example the addresses in the ring buffer accessed by the two MR above are shifted down one address per sample by pec whil
21. t istic iiis iie aie tese toe tbe ete re eel 9 IRC e te E 9 Download heme mte eiecti 8 Edit MENU P 7 External memory read een 16 Feedback filter 15t stage UR 23 25 Pile an On oic OR 7 an F 7 NEW E ene T 7 A titus ltem ET aa chus Se nde D 7 QUE m UID 7 Revert To Saved ee Off M 7 REDEEM 7 SIVE S M oto 7 Initial value nere Nee 10 Internal tegisters ss le lene 15 Internal RAM EE Be 15 Level attenuation cof ae e 23 Memory access parameters ee 15 Multiply EEN WEE Rees 17 INOW ci AAA 7 Notation mode cr teet urinaire 11 Number of user definable symbols sss 10 8 a15 7 Option menu ee eee eee eee 8 AAA Y eem 8 AAA CE EES 26 Overflow protectiopgffmY 9 18 Process menu Af Gs eese nenne 8 A AAA AA A 8 Download MA no loo eom 8 n E x 7 TUE AMS A O eo iR eii 24 Reserved symbols en 10 Revert Tefgavegl 27 etetetntntntntn tatnen 7 Ring butter ere reme 24 25 no on A 27 LL AMET K 7 eo As P E 7 32 SEGA Source tiles iia 7 EE 18 Stor MOG Oss iii id 18 SE E 10 Wrte address ue
22. ult from applications based on the examples describe herein It is possible that this document may contain reference to or information about SEGA products development hardware software or services that are not provided in countries other than Japan Such references information must not be construed to mean that SEGA intends to provide such SEGA products or services in countries other than Japan Any reference of a SEGA licensed product program in this document is not intended to state or imply that you can use only SEGA s licensed products programs Any functionally equivalent hardware software can be used instead SEGA will not be held responsible for any damage to the user that may result from accidents or any other reasons during operation of the user s equipment or programs according to this document NOTE A reader s comment correction form is provided with this document Please address comments to SEGA of America Inc Technical Publications Group 150 Shoreline Drive Redwood City CA 94065 SEGA may use or distribute whatever information you supply in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you 02 09 96 003 SEGA SEGA SEGA OF AMERICA INC Consumer Products Division dAsms User s Manual Doc ST 228 R1 030596 O 1995 96 SEGA All Rights Reserved Reader Correction Comment Sheet Keep Us Updated If you should come across any incorrect or outdated information whil
23. ymbol Note The following memory access elements are noted within the brackets according to the rules described elsewhere in this document e User defined address symbol DEC ADREG S 2 NF dAsms User s Manual 15 Programming Syntax All mnemonics and parameters must be separated by one or more units of a delimiter A blank space comma tab and line feed are acceptable delimiters Specifying External Memory Read and Load to MEMS LDI LDI MEMSxx MR AddressElement 5 NF No delimiters can be included in the description of the MR parameter for reading external memory AddressElement s denotes the address element described elsewhere linked by the symbol There must always be one address constant symbol user defined address symbol name included in the address description of AddressElement s Load to YREG LDY LDY INPUTS Load to ADREG LDA LDA INPUTS l SEGA Multiply Add pM pCt pM pCt pM pCt pM pC pA pM Multiplicand pc Multiplication coefficient pA Augend Note The same number of open parenthesis and close parenthesis must be present in all math ematical equations The right most open parenthesis must always be to the left side of the left most close parenthesis The 2 restrictions apply when combining pm and pa pa Note When TEMP00 TEMP7F is specified with pM and also TEM
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