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Final Documentation - University of Central Florida

1. AppError cpp HeartsSim cpp Properties selectCard VCCodeFunction atm B Find Symbol Results zix Cj Error List E Output ga Find Symbol Results Ready Ln 386 Col34 Ch19 INS 7 Ge Figure 10 1 2 1 Side by side comparison of IDEs 10 2 Software Implementation 10 2 1 General Configuration Two main functions will call and encapsulate all other functions SetMode and RunMode These are the only two modes the GuSu unit can be in once the system completes initialization and as their names suggest are the modes where the use changes settings and the mode where the GuSu alarm system is running that is checking the time checking for user presence in the sleeping area and at alarm time if the user is present performing the user s preset alarm routines Most alarm clocks when first turned on have default settings of midnight alarm and current time and the alarm activated This could be somewhat dangerous in a loose sense of the word given that if the GuSu is in RunMode and the clock returns the alarm time it will not let the user easily enter SetMode to silence it and thus will force the user out of bed unless they point the infrared sensor away or find a similar fashion of becoming undetectable But even escaping detection the user still cannot enter SetMode until either the alarm time span has passed or they hold the correct button for the chosen emergency silence time currently chosen to b
2. s ys Grund Got mum F amp Dati ing Daia limer UmesiRg 9 PDAT2Z NC Dataline Ume Figure 4 2 4 2 1 The SD Card pin E and their afer functions in SD SPI Mode Reprinted with permission from interfacebus com Figure 4 2 4 2 1 shows a standard SD Card with its subsequent pins the table to the right shows what each pin is used for 27 The method that would ultimately be implemented is directly connecting the pins of the SD card to the digital input lines of the microcontroller The method of connecting the SD Card to the STAO13 MP3 decoder was thrown out because of the need for a separate microcontroller to deal with data flowing out of the SD Card and into the decoder The team is hoping that the ATMega644P will have enough processing power to deal with large data files such as MP3s the concern is that there would be too much overhead for the microcontroller to deal with Since this microcontroller will be controlling many other modules within the GuSu alarm clock there is a possibility the microcontroller could fail when reading data in from the SD Card The team will need to do some testing before to make sure the microcontroller has the capabilities to handle this component 1c2 ATmega amp 8 PCSURESE T PCO ADCO 24 PC1 ADC1 AGND PC2 ADC2 LE AREF PCHADC3 AVOC PCA ADCA SDA PCS ADCS SCL TIN T1OUT T2IN T20UT RIOUT RIN R2IN PBAXTAL1 TOSC1
3. PS7XTAL2 TOSC2 PDO RXD POT TXD PO2 INTO GND POINT PO4 XCK TO voc POST PO amp AINO POT AINT VCC 3 3v vcc P800CP PB1 OCTA PB2 SS OC 1B PBXMOSYOC2 PB4 MISO PBX SCX Figure 4 2 4 2 2 Schematic of the SD Card interfacing with the ATmega8 microcontroller Reprinted with permission from dharmanitech com Page 43 Figure 4 2 4 2 2 shows a solution that was used for reading data from a SD Card with the ATMega8 microcontroller 27 this implementation will be very similar to the one that is used with the ATMega644P microcontroller Chances are when the team implements the SD Card to the microcontroller resistors will have to be used when wiring the connections The SD Card reader will also use a 3 3V source to enable the SD Card to work properly The team will use standard electrical wires to and solder the pins on the SD Card to a digital input port on the ATMega644P microcontroller Since the team is only concerned about reading data off of the SD Card the write pin will not be used The team will be using a SD Card socket to input the storage device pins are extended outwards from this socket and this is where the connections will be made by soldering the wires The microcontroller will use three pins for the SD Card One will be used for the chip enable another for the clock and lastly one digital input pin for parsing data to the microcontroller After connections are made to the micr
4. Reply v ok no problem you can use it Teppo Matt O kirjoitti http www vlsi fi typo3temp pics v 2a7143cb57 png On Wed Apr 22 2009 at 5 34 AM sales group of VLSI Teppo Karema lt sales visi_fi lt mailto sales visi fi wrote Hi Matt which figures specifically Best regards Teppo Matt O wrote Hello am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States am writing you to ask permission to reprint some figures on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time http www visi fi en products vs1001 html http www _visi_fi en products vs1053_html Figures 4 2 3 1 2 4 2 3 2 2 ST com Questions to Webmaster inbox x from feedback st com hide details Apr 22 4 days ago Reply Y to mattomorrow Q gmail com date Wed Apr 22 2009 at 4 48 PM subject ST com Questions to Webmaster Hello Matt O Morrow Thank you for your question and for your interest in our Company We will make sure you will get an answer shortly Best Regards ST on LINE web development team PS This message was generated by an automatic procedure please do not reply to this message Page 133 Figure 4 2 3 2 1 Question from College Student inbox x Matt O to paul show details Apr 21 6 days ago Reply RA Hello I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of
5. CE SERMODE POWER CONTROL AND TRICKLE CHARGER SERIAL INTERFACE 32 768 KHz o OSCILLATOR AND COUNTDOWN CHAIN CLOCK CALENDAR AND ALARM REGISTERS CONTROL REGISTERS INPUT SHIFT REGISTER Figure 8 2 2 2 Block Diagram for DS 1305 Reprinted pending permission from Maxim The clock calendar and alarm times can be obtained by reading the appropriate register bytes The time settings are initialized by writing to the specific register bytes The contents of each register are stored in BCD format The day values are stored as sequential user defined numbers Sunday then Monday would be the next sequential value of 2 For example if the 1 equals If any of the register values are improperly set the operation of the clock is undefined The DS1305 can operate in either 12 hour or 24 hour modes In order to configure the hour mode bit 6 is toggle high or low When high 12 hour mode is selected The rest of the register settings are listed in table 8 2 2 1 Page 89 HEX ADDRESS Bit6 Bits Bits Bits Bit2 Bitl Bit0 RANGE READ WRITE 00H sH 0 10 SEC SEC 00 59 01H siH_ 0 10 MIN MIN 00 59 P 02H gH o P A 104R HOURS EPA 24 10 00 23 03H 8H 0 0 0 0 0 DAY 01 07 04H sH 0 0 10 DATE DATE 131 05H 8H 0 0 10 MO
6. Page 124 16 http www futurlec com Mini_MP3 shtml Accessed 4 11 09 17 http www pjrc com tech mp3 sta013 html Accessed 4 11 09 18 http www rohm com products Isi sound usb host audio Accessed 4 11 09 19 http microcontrollershop com product_info php products_id 1422 Accessed 4 11 09 20 http www sparkfun com commerce product_info php products_id 7832 Accessed 4 5 09 21 http www vlsi fi en products vs1053 html Accessed 4 7 09 22 http www vlsi fi en products vs1001 html Accessed 4 7 09 23 http plex us outbursts dc_memory html Accessed 4 20 09 24 http www ghielectronics com product 2 Accessed 4 9 09 25 http www sparkfun com datasheets Prototyping SD Socket PP 14446 pdf Accessed 4 9 09 26 http www sparkfun com commerce product info php products id 8698 Accessed 4 9 09 27 http www cs ucr edu amitra sdcard Additional sdcard_appnote_foust pdf Accessed 4 9 09 28 http www dharmanitech com 2009 01 sd card interfacing with atmega8 fat32 html Accessed 4 10 09 29 http www britannica com EBchecked topic 343093 liquid crystal display Accessed 3 13 09 30 http www 4dsystems com au prod php id 29 Accessed 3 13 09 31 http www futurlec com Accessed 3 28 09 32 http www surplussales com Switches SWPushB 1 html Accessed 4 15 09 33 http www digikey com Accessed 4 18 09 34 http www ihomeaudio com products asp product_id 10309 amp dept_id 1006
7. vertical Sensor 42 horizontal FRESNEL Fresnel Lens Used with above 0 35 31 sensors PIR_MODULE PIR Sensor Supply 5 20V 6 90 31 Page 67 Module Delay 5s 18m Motion Detection TTL output PIR MODULE B Compact PIR Supply 5 20V 7 40 31 Sensor Module Delay 5s 18m Motion Detection TTL output CS9803 Infrared Supply 4 5 5 5V 0 90 31 Induction Control CDS input IC Noise immunity SEN 08630 PIR Motion Supply 5 12V 9 95 39 Sensor Delay 1 2s 0 1 pitch female connector DEV 08645 Motion Detection Low power 23 95 39 Module Status LEDs on board JTAG connector Supports Olimex TI SBW 55 28027 Parallax PIR Supply 3 3 5V 9 95 40 sensor module Parallax connectivity AMN13111 Panasonic Supply 3 6V 33 44 41 Electric Works Digital Output Infrared Sensor Settings standard slight motion spot AMN2111 Panasonic Supply 4 5 5 5V 12 62 41 Electric Works Analog Digital Infrared Sensor Output Settings standard slight motion spot Table 6 1 3 1 1 Table comparing available PIR sensors and pre made modules 6 2 Implementation Based on the related research assumptions made with respect to the project and time constraints a passive infrared sensor with a focusing lens wired to the GuSu unit is the best candidate for implementing a sensor system that satisfies our requirements Implementation of weight sensors coupled with
8. 7mm e Een mil maj LL Hm i iha 10 um Z ur 2 O O O O O i Display oe NH 1 O O O OO i5 1 5mm lt 6 7 mm 3 7 8mm I 2 Adhesive 1mm PC Board 1 6mm timo 52mm uSD Card Entry Figure 5 2 2 2 Layout of the uOLED 160 G1 LCD display and its dimensions Reprinted with permission from 4D Systems 5 2 3 LCD Driver Chip In this section of the document the LCD driver chip will be explained in detail This is the graphics processing chip that is located in the center of the LCD display chip This particular chip is called the GOLDELOX GFX graphics processor 30 This type of processor will easily interface with many of the different types of TFT and OLED displays The graphics processing unit will allow an output of high level graphics along with multiple I O functions All of these functions are controlled by E V E which is short for Extensible Virtual Engine This new type of virtual processor created by 4D Labs will allow code that was implemented to work with the GOLDELOX GFX processor to work on other 4D Labs processors This is a major advantage to this new type of architecture because once you have implemented code to work on the GOLDELOX GFX you will not need to change the code to work on other devices 4D Labs has written software named the 4DGL Workshop as well as the Graphics Composer that will allow the software developers to easily code new features for the GOLDELOX GFX
9. ECT IT 80 7 1 7 plementation reri een aran EEE EENAA EEES 80 7A E K A rp 82 ZZ COTES MACHINE E 82 7 2 1 Technical Objectives and Specifications ssssccccssssccccssssccccessceccesssseeeansees 82 7 2 2 ROSCANCH vsseicscscssseccusswatsddetescasunswdsecssccsccnsasneverssdeseonscenbscessescessdnvavvecdsseeconcnsebuenss 84 Page ii 7 2 3 Implementatiori 21 1 1111 ee ct prune c nar ne De opas aac n eaae do oo pa saa c peak rale AA 85 7 2 4 Test Plan eee reset sincacvanssessssdancedacssevesdsddacescanssussssdescsdecsanwasseseedacencaseeoes 87 8 0 Clock MOdUle wisccssccssessssecsccdscsssesiveesscesssedsebes sussdcscsndanesn sess tssssudsubse sussesccsndsetaweesesosasncses 87 8 1 Goals and Objectives 11i irse etre haa ced deba ae Pe bori nedas RE SERI RR EP SUR de EE OU MEER REGN 87 NATI 87 B 2EATOMIC ClOCK qe PR 87 8 2 2 Real iss e 88 8 3 Implementation cco cccedecccdedseevcctedesedcescdewdecddessccedsanecetseassdcescdsescaedassccadsesssotseasucses 91 LICMETAarne IE 91 ERIS ee 91 9 1 Block Diagram eei iere roter erede trees oo pus EEES nd a aen nk a o Dona RE one Ru AR MSN AASS 91 9 2 Power Systelm iter ee ree eoe ennt e oo e era ne ee eost eue sdessusccuscselessdessoccceedcessstosseeceuecesssstopvees 92 9 2 1 Power Supply 4 41i diee pe ceo poda eo so seda ore pod
10. Once the project is ready please send us a copy Thanks Suzette Suzette Gardner sgardner sleepfoundation org p 202 347 3471 xZ16 w sleeproundation org From Matt O mailto mattomorrow gmail com Sent Sunday April 19 2009 9 59 PM To Community Subject Question from College Student Hello I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States I am writing you to ask permission to reprint a figure on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time hi J www sleepfoundation org site c huIXK gMOIxF b 3934129 k 31D9 Poll Stats htm Page 128 Figure 5 2 1 1 Description LCD subpixel Itwas made using POV Ray The POV Ray source file is released under GPL and can be downloaded from http Jimarvin linux box nifiles LCD pov i Source Own work Date 42 52 15 August 2006 UTC Author Marin Raaijmakers modified by ed g2s talk Permission Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2 5 Reusing this image Other versions Image LCD subpixel png textless template Licensing edit conditions that you appropriately attribute it and that you distribute it only under a license identical to this one Official license t CC This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2 589 License In short you are free to share and make derivative work
11. SPI and I2C The pricing was fairly expensive for this small component at 44 95 a piece from GHlElectronics Due to the cost of this device more ways of implementing the SD reader would have to be looked into Page 40 UALF AT SPI_MISO RTS SPI MOSI CTS MISC AING s 3 Ls TXD 2 S 2 RxD 2 Ik RTI eR E D p 7 gt loz oO Oi Cc uu n He N 1 GHI ETEen ONES nt CERCA RR fiar Figure 4 2 4 1 2 The uALFAT SD Card Reader as well as the pin assignments Reprinted with permission from GHI Electronics Another type of SD Card Reader that was looked into was one that was found on Sparkfun electronics This device called the Breakout Board 25 for SD MMC devices is very similar to the uALFAT component that was researched above There are small differences in this component such that the Breakout Board will only be using the SPI interface After researching into which interface would suit best to work with the ATMega644P microcontroller the GuSu team found that the SPI interfacing would work best due to pin constraints on the microcontroller The Breakout Board will also be using considerably less pins than the uALFAT This component will also use a smaller voltage than the uALFAT at only 3 3 volts Although this component seems like a great fit to work with the microcontroller the power consumption is a 0 5A which is much greater than the 12mA used by the uALFAT Once again power consumption considerations must
12. Thank you This message was created automatically by mail delivery software A message that you sent could not be delivered to one or more of its Page 145 recipients This is a permanent error The following address es failed save to clientmail mail 1 f u futurlec com webmaster generated by webmaster futurlec com mailbox is full retry timeout exceeded Return path lt koyapb earthlink net gt Received from pop06 mail atl earthlink net 207 69 200 40 by smtp mx server 8 servers netregistry net protocol esmtp Exim 4 69 1 Debian id 1LI4Y6 0005tq 59 for lt webmaster futurlec com gt Sun 22 Mar 2009 03 59 54 1100 Received from user 142ga72 cable mindspring com 72 40 40 226 helo 10 0 1 199 by pop06 mail atl earthlink net with esmtp Exim 3 36 1 id 1LI4YB 0005zT 00 for webmaster futurlec com Sat 21 Mar 2009 12 59 59 0400 Message Id lt 150A126A 6B26 4EEF 8020 537DF4156B13 earthlink net gt From koyapb earthlink net To webmaster futurlec com Content Type text plain charset US ASCII format flowed delsp yes Content Transfer Encoding 7bit Mime Version 1 0 Apple Message framework v930 3 Subject Use of website images Date Sat 21 Mar 2009 12 59 59 0400 X Mailer Apple Mail 2 930 3 Hello My name is Philip Bell am a Computer Engineering student at the Universitty of Central Florida in Orlando Florida am emailing to request permission to use some of the product images
13. The Get Up Stay Up alarm clock system requires a method of knowing when someone is in bed So in an abstract way the sensor system receives the question of is there a human occupant in the bed and transmits a boolean answer back to the system for it to decide what to do next This can be accomplished in a variety of ways including weight sensing distance and infrared The system ideally will be able to tell that only one person has left the bed if there are multiple occupants preventing conflicts if multiple users have different waking times At the absolute bare minimum the system should not give false positives for small pets backpacks purses luggage etc The sensor system should also be secure in that it cannot be fooled in any easy way that an occupant has left the bed The sensor system should also avoid being fragile if possible given that sleeping habits vary widely among people and sudden movements or sleep walking should not result in damage to the system or present the potential for personal injury to the user Lastly the sensor system shall be as uncomplicated as possible so as to be conducive towards ease of installation and reconfiguration by the end user 6 0 2 Assumptions In the design and implementation of the sensor system the following assumptions are made The user has a bed with at least one side against a wall the bed consists of a mattress on either a box spring or flat bed frame and the bed is within arm s rea
14. modules support serial communication speeds of 1200 230400 bps and non standard baud rates They also provide small buffers to collect received serial and RF data Since the data packets will be small overflow should not be a problem with the system Overflow can occur if the module receives a continuous stream of RF data and the transmit buffer is also being overloaded Another problem can occur if the network link is not established and the buffer is continually loaded with data to transmit In order to prevent the errors the system will not send any serial data until network links are established and as previously mentioned data transmissions will be short 7 0 3 Implementation The XBee modules as indicated above will only be transmitting serial data over the ZigBee end devices Each XBee module will be connected to a microcontroller The devices will be pre programmed at set channels and data rate In order to configure the devices for serial commands they will be connected to a USB to serial converter board which is configured to work with the XBee module Sparkfun distributes a PCB with an integrated USB to serial converter and provides the pin headers for the non standard XBee modules Each device will be configured and with two separate XBee explorer USB devices and tested as mentioned in the test plan section and configured as follows Maxstream the manufacturers of the XBee module provides software named X CTU which is used to config
15. screwed directly to the front face plate The buttons may require straps through the terminals to hold them in place Another option would be to make the top plate a little thicker ad counter sink holes to hold the buttons and pass the wires through In order to make the buttons visually appealing wood buttons will be overlaid and glued to the off the shelf plastic buttons The cost of a wood enclosure is second to ABS in expense for material in the alarm clock design Suitable plastic ABS enclosures range in price from 6 50 to 20 00 Wood and Lucite are difficult to estimate based on possible errors that would require extra materials Assuming no errors in construction a single piece of inch 4 x4 cabinet grade oak or maple would be sufficient The cost for this piece of wood is around 10 00 The glue and nails would add on an extra 5 00 3 0 Microcontroller 3 1 Technical Objectives and Specifications 3 1 1 Goals The microcontroller is the core component of any embedded system and it is vital that this device be chosen with care It must meet all the system requirements and as well be affordable in regards to the physical device and the development costs The main microcontroller will interface all of the devices within the alarm clock figure 3 1 1 1 This includes any sensors such as passive infrared sensors PIR and or pressure sensors the real time clock the MP3 decoder the XBee module and the The microcontroller mu
16. 2 Force Sensors Also available from FUTEK are force sensors available in weight sensitivity ranges from 1 ounce up to 40 pounds These sensors are less than 0 1 of an inch thick ranging from 0 025 0 05 in making them exempt from most of the complications involved with load cells and can be directly wired as a variable resistor However their sensitivity range presents a similar but new problem Given that most bedding weighs near 40 pounds if not more the ability to measure changes in load is unattainable and this is assuming any force sensors placed aren t already reading maximum load before any occupants have entered the bed If the user did in fact own a memory foam layer or their particular mattress came with a detachable memory foam layer force sensors could be used but still would not be able to inform the GuSu system of exactly how much weight had been added or removed from the bed Given that our environmental assumption does not include a memory foam layer and that luggage and small pets could result in a false positive force sensors are therefore not feasible components for this application Figure 6 1 1 2 1 displays an example force sensor in order to demonstrate how thin most of available devices are 39 Page 63 Figure 6 1 1 2 1 Example Force Sensor Reprinted with permission from Futek Advanced Sensor Technology Inc 6 1 1 3 FlexiForce FlexiForce sensors shown in figure 6 1 1 3 1 can be ordered for custom we
17. 256Kbytes available in the megaAVR line then expanding the flash memory using an external chip will be researched The pin configuration of the ATmega644p figure 3 3 1 is shown below PCINT amp XCKO TO PBO O PCINTS CLKO T1 PB1 PCINT10 INT2 AINO PB2 PCINT11 OCOA AIN1 PB3 PCINT12 OCOB SS PB4 PCINT13 MOSI PBS PCINT14 MISO PB6 PCINT15 SCK PB7 RESET vcc GND XTAL2 XTAL1 PCINT24 RXDO PDO PCINT25 TXDO PD1 PCINT26 RXD1 INTO PD2 PCINT27 TXD1 INT1 PD3 C PCINT28 XCK1 OC1B PD4 C PCINT29 OC1A PDS rj PCINT30 OC2B ICP PD6 C 2c PAO ADCO PCINTO PA1 ADC1 PCINT1 PA2 ADC2 PCINT2 PA3 ADC3 PCINTS PAA4 ADC4 PCINT4 PAS ADCS PCINTS PAG ADC6 PCINT6 PA ADCT PCINT7 AREF GND AVCC OMNDUPWNA PC7 TOSC2 PCINT23 PC6 TOSC1 PCINT22 PCS TDIVPCINT21 PC4 TDO PCINT20 PC3 TMS PCINT19 PC2 TCK PCINT18 PC1 SDA PCINT17 PCO SCL PCINT16 PD7 OC2A PCINT31 Figure 3 3 1 Pin configuration for ATmega644p Reprinted pending permission from Atmel Page 17 The microcontroller needs the ability to manage all of the devices within the alarm clock system It also handles the control of the coffee machine over the XBee radio modem and the detection of the remote sensor unit Table 3 3 1 outlines all the required pin assignments for the interconnections between all secondary control modules The location of the pins on the ATmega is in figure 3 3 1 Device ATmega644P De
18. 7 0 2 4 2 1 XBee Radios Reprinted pending permission from Digi International For the coffee machine the microcontroller could use the provided digital I O pins but opted for UART communication between the modules and the microcontrollers for potential upgrades to the system Pint Name Direction Dexrpion 3 DN Cofg pu faa atin 4 o m T psf eset o mp o ModeReet 6 PWMORSS Output PWM Output 0 RX Signal Strenght Indicator Ps reee Domtcomet 9 DWSkep Rayos input Pinsleep Control Line or Digital Input8 o5 mw rounds u ve me Voge referencefor inputs 15 16 RISADG DOG Either Request to Send Flow Control Analog Input 6 or Digital 1 06 18 AD DO2 Ether Analog input 2or Digitaliyo2 O Poison Ether AnlogiputiorDigtali O1 O Table 7 0 2 4 2 2 XBee Pin Assignments Reprinted pending permission from Digi International The XBee ZB modules have an indoor range of 133 Adding more devices to the network can increase the network range but using a single module for the network should be adequate for most households Transmit and peak current are each at 40mA while the power down current is less than 1 uA The module handles all the data communication and is self healing If a node in the system Page 75 fails the module will automatically seek another node to rejoin the network The
19. 99 The 12V and 12V are taken care of through the use of the 12V wall wart and the second battery discussed in Section 4 2 1 2 Audio Amplification The 12V power rail will just need to be a thin trace thin because of low current draw over to the Op Amp from the larger trace to the voltage regulator on the PCB The voltage regulator to be used is the LM7805CT ND 5V 14A regulator manufactured by Fairchild Semiconductors and purchased from Digi Key for 0 45 each This regulator takes the input 12V and outputs a steady 5V According to specs 4 8V to 5 2V which should be good for all the components This voltage regulator is implemented with the circuit below in figure 9 2 1 2 3 The two capacitors help to stabilize the DC input and output in case of short power drops for drops in power on the order of 10 to 100 ms The LED as explained in the research section 9 2 1 1 is positioned with the resistor so that only 15 15 mA should flow through it This is to prevent the excess of current from damaging the component Figure 9 2 1 2 3 The 5V voltage regulator Schematic created using ExpressSCH This 5V line needs to be stepped down to a value between 2 4V and 3 6V This value will be chosen as 3V for simplicity The part chosen to do this is the DE SWADJ purchased from Dimension Engineering for 15 00 This part takes any voltage from 3V to 30V and will step it down to a DC voltage between 1 25V and 14V The voltage is adjusted t
20. Central Florida in the United States I am writing you to ask permission to reprint some figures on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time Reply Forward Paul Stoffregen to me Yes that is fine Glad you found the web page useful Show quoted text Figure 4 2 2 1 1 RE permission to use superheterodyne block diagram From Steve steve microwaves101 com Sent Mon 3 02 09 8 52 AM To Andrew Leger ajleger85 hotmail com No problem Maybe we should add a link to your school here http microwaves101 com encyclopedia colleges cfm Steve The Unknown Editor show details Apr 21 6 days ago Reply v From Andrew Leger mailto ajleger85 hotmail com Sent Sunday March 01 2009 5 24 PM To ue microwavesi01 com Subject permission to use superheterodyne block diagram Hi Unknown Editor My name is Andrew Leger and I am taking Senior Design at the University of Central Florida right now working towards an undergraduate degree in Electrical Engineering My group is doing a project that involves FM receiving and I was hoping to have your permission to use your block diagram of the superheterodyne receiver in our group report the diagram in question is found at http www microwaves101 com encyclopedia images Receivers block 20diagram jpg Of course proper credit will be given to the
21. Keychain tone on Departure Time Order of action If first action select before or at alarm time if before alarm time select how early before Duration o Zigbee settings Order of action If first action select before or at alarm time if before alarm time select how early before Duration Options available Enter RUN Mode Figure 5 4 4 Tree Mapping of Setting Branch Menu 5 5 Complete User Interface Here the interactions between PUI and GUI and the constraints involved are laid out in detail in figures 5 5 1 and 5 5 2 Hold CENTER ENTER for 3 minutes to enter SET mode during alarm time 3 seconds during non alarm time Hold DOWN for 5 seconds to cause Zigbee keychain to beep hold again for 3 seconds to silence Hold UP for 5 seconds during non alarm time to enter PLAY for MP3 or FM LEFT RIGHT tune or skip songs in PLAY mode PLAY mode is overridden during ALARM time Figure 5 5 1 Running Mode Controls Pressing UP or DOWN will move the menu selection up and down Page 60 respectively e Pressing RIGHT will enter the selected setting option menu or do nothing if the user is already inside a value setting branch e Pressing LEFT will move back up out of a branch do nothing if the user is at the top menu level or exit a value setting branch without saving e Pressing CENTER ENTER will enter a branch or save and exit a value setting branch Figure 5 5 2 Set Mode Controls 6 0 Sensor System 6 0 1 Motivation
22. MP3 Decoder Audio Amplifier Multiplexer s Speaker Buzzer Microcontroller SD Card Reader Figure 4 1 1 Block Diagram of the Alarm Module Page 19 4 2 Design Requirements 4 2 1 Audio Output There will be a standard buzzer alarm for the clock that can be used The microcontroller will be in charge of selecting which output mp3 standard buzzer alarm or the FM radio will be accessed If it is the buzzer it will buzz The other two would go through an audio amplifier This amplified output would then be pushed through to the speaker 4 2 1 1 Standard Buzzer Some small amount of research was needed to be done for the common alarm buzzers There are several different types but most of the common ones use a DC voltage input and output a buzz Each of them offer different levels of sound output measured in decibels dB 90 dB should be safe for use of under 8 hrs and 85 dB and under would be safe for much longer it is an exponential relationship B As such the alarm buzzer could easily exceed 85 db without causing hearing loss as it would only be on for a short time A quick search on Digi key com showed many different buzzers A 5mm 2 8 kHz PCB buzzer with sound output of 85dB minimum was found part number CEM 14RO6CT for 1 24 each It runs on 40mA A problem with this model is that it requires 1 0V to 1 7V DC which is not in the current plans for the clock Of course a step down cou
23. Manipulating both pieces of software became much easier after this Next the master schematic of the Gusu Alarm clock was created It was important to label the pins on this schematic so that they would match the pins on the pieces of hardware itself This schematic can be seen in the final design summary Most of the parts had to be manually created It was very important that each part including the basic miscellaneous parts such as resistors and capacitors each had their own part names The part names are required for linking to the PCB editor the PCB editor had to know what pins on each specific part which was known by its part name was supposed to connect to which pins on another part Also for simplicity most of the signals were not passed by physical lines rather they were tagged with labels and any two lines tagged with the same label were considered to be electrically connected This physical schematic is also attached in the Appendix The PCB editor was used to create a final PCB schematic This process was much more involved than the first step Each part that would be soldered onto the board had to have its true physical dimensions known and a figure had to be created in the program for it Although the editor did have parts such as common Page 116 DIP ICs available e g DIP 20 DIP 28 etc it did not have parts such as the buzzer or the multiplexor in its library and these had to be created from scratch If thes
24. Out BOB 07832 VLSI VS1002 UEXT Microphone 57 x 45 mm 40 95 21 SD MMC Audio Out Table 4 2 3 1 1 Comparison of MP3 mini circuit boards Some of these mini boards do include SD capability built in however most use battery power already have buttons soldered to the control lines and include parts or capabilities not needed for the GuSu system Another complication is controlling audio output for the system when the output lines are already connected to audio jacks and microphone lines for encoding Extra hardware could present complications for running on battery backup during alarm time and having unused hardware and controls sitting idle may also interfere with other signals to and from the main micro controller Therefore with respect to routing of audio control power consumption and overall design size the optimum solution is to integrate a lone MP3 decoder chip One of the first decoders looked at was the VS1053b 20 This chip was very interesting in that it had the ability to decode multiple audio file formats and not just MP3s Some of the file formats the VS1053b is capable of decoding are Ogg MP3 ACC WMA and MIDI The team thought this chip might be a good fit for the GuSu design because of its potential to decipher the high quality Ogg sound format Although this was a great attribute to this chip the chip would require additional software plug ins to handle these file formats Some specifications
25. PIR would be the optimum system for the reasons stated in the research section and using both of these systems together eliminates most of their respective cons If scheduling and progress allow during the second session of Senior Design an attempt will be made towards implementing weight sensors into the sensor system of the GuSu unit Given the gathered data in table 6 1 on bed heights current alarm distance and ceiling to floor distances a fifteen foot cable or wire connecting the infrared sensor to the GuSu unit should be ample length to give the user a reasonable Page 68 amount of freedom in sensor placement be it on a wall ceiling mount bed frame or sensor stand These wires will be connected directly to the in and out leads on the infrared sensor one wire carrying the supply voltage while the other brings the output to an onboard amplified inside the GuSu unit itself The passive infrared sensor mounted inside the focusing lens will be the directional sensor from futurlec com model no PIR_D203S With experimentation this may change or it may be found that a focusing lens is unneeded however as infrared reflects off walls and other surfaces it is likely a person may be detected when not in bed This is all dependent on a room s size and layout coupled with the distance between the bed and the sensor For the focusing lens itself a material must be chosen that is lightweight easy to manipulate and blocks infrared radia
26. XBEE module o Boolean variable whether the XBEE devices will be used during alarm time e int XBEE order o Order in alarm actions of XBEE activation e bool XBEE connected o Boolean variable indicating whether Zigbee devices have connected to the GuSu system s network e bool XBEE atGetUp o Boolean variable letting the user choose if they wish for Zigbee devices to activate in the order chosen only or as soon as they leave the bed e bool ON BATTERY o Boolean variable set to true when main power source goes low and the GuSu is running on battery This variable is needed for decision making during alarm time and run time explicitly explained in functions that check this variable Figure 10 2 1 1 Global Variable Definitions The Zigbee module does not need a duration variable since devices that connect through Zigbee are preprogrammed internally to perform their own actions they remain idle until a signal is received from the GuSu unit 10 2 2 Overall Behavior The main function will first perform any system test functions that are determined necessary next semester during building and once initialization of the system is complete enter SetMode which will link the user to subordinate functions which handle changing settings for the GuSu alarm These functions are ClockSet AlarmSet FMTunerSet MP3Set ToneSet KeychainSet XbeeSet Each of these Set functions is entered by selection of the user in the main SetMode menu All Set functions will
27. an endless amount of information at the team s disposal The GuSu project team first did countless research searching the internet for ideas that that would suite the team members needs After brainstorming and looking at projects from past UCF Senior Design groups the team decided on the GuSu prototype that is explained in detail in this document Other projects that are comparable to the GuSu project can be found in section 4 4 of this document Once the idea was agreed upon research using the internet began This investigation commenced by searching for parts and devices that would fit the brainstorming ideas The team would first search for each module that would be used in the prototype and compare them to other products of similar likeness This method was done for each of the modules that will be used in the GuSu design After completing this research the most favorable parts would be chosen to be used in this design Once these parts were obtained they can now be put into the design and implementation phase of the project which will be discussed in sections 1 4 and 1 5 of the document 1 4 Design Methodology This section will describe the techniques of how the GuSu prototype will be designed When designing a prototype there are a few dynamics that need to be addressed before the actual design begins Some of these include the engineering behind the design the marketing which will provide the product to the public and of course the actual pro
28. and the OLED displays There are several features that will interact with EVE such as SD memory card drivers graphic functions flash memory and eventually an output via SPI interfacing The GOLDELOX GFX requires 4DGL which is a high level graphics language required by this processor Some of the features that this graphics processor is capable of handling are color images animations and even video clips Even though for this design s implementation these advanced features will probably not be used that much Seen in figure 5 2 3 1 is the schematic of the GOLDELOX GFX processor Since this design focuses on the OLED display rather than the graphics driver the pin assignments of the processor will not be discussed in further detail Shown in figure 5 2 3 2 are the absolute maximum ratings about the GOLDELOX GFX processor Page 52 GOLDELOX GFX XXXX Figure 5 2 3 1 Package and pin assignments of the GOLDELOX GFX graphics processor Reprinted with permission from 4D Systems Absolute Maximum Ratings G usraHrig arbi5n b SmpOnBall onam atra mer trice sets 40 C to 100 C SEOrAGE term perdblG x cuaseeencue 2 ek ae RR Io EIER RA RES EE x OR Hia R RR 65 C ER 509 6G Voltage on any digital input pin with respect to GND seeeeeees 0 3V to 6 0V Voltage on analog pin with respect to GND sssseeee eee eee eeeeeeees 0 3V to 6 0V Voltage on VEE With respect to GND oerte cunc src u
29. asking permission to use our images and for the proper credit too Of course you may use any image you like off our website for educational purposes That goes for anyone else in your class that needs to use our images as well so please pass along the word Good luck on your project AnnDrea Boe Director of Marketing Communications SparkFun Electronics 6175 Longbow Drive Suite 200 Boulder CO 80301 Begin forwarded message From Andrew Leger lt ajleger85 hotmail com gt Date March 10 2009 3 00 03 PM MDT To lt website sparkfun com gt Subject use of copyrighted images Hi My name is Andrew Leger and I am currently a senior at UCF majoring in electrical engineering Our senior design project will need a power supply to power a microcontroller among other things and I was hoping I could use a few of the pictures on http www sparkfun com commerce tutorial_info php tutorials_id 57 to illustrate some of the basics in our documentation report Of course proper credit will be given to the website Thanks in advance Andrew Page 135 Figures 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 4 9 2 1 1 5 FW Site Questions Andrew Leger From Janette Skeim janette skeim digikey com You may not know this sender Mark as safe Mark as junk Sent Thu 3 12 09 9 30 PM To ajleger85Ghotmail com Hi Andrew You have Digi Key Corporation s permission to use photographs from our site in your design documentation report Thank you for taking
30. be converted from AC to DC This can be done in a variety of ways but first it is important to understand how it works The first step in any power supply is to convert the 110V AC voltage to a DC voltage preferably somewhere between 9V and 15V 53 This is often done with something known as a wall wart or with a power brick These are basically the same thing the main difference is that wall warts plug into a wall and output the desired voltage directly out form there through the cord whereas power bricks are fed a line from the wall to the device where the A to D conversion takes place This is then fed through a second line to the device that is consuming the power The main advantage of wall warts would be the easier design and it only needs one cord Another advantage is that is keeps any heat from the conversion right next to the wall outlet and far from the device While power bricks can be kept from the device as well a user that does not know any better Page 92 could set the power brick directly by it or under it The main advantage for power bricks however would be that they do not take up any more space on the outlet than necessary Oftentimes wall warts can be quite bulky blocking access to other plugs that could use the same outlet The same is true of plugging them into power strips An example of both the wall wart and the power brick is shown below in figure 9 2 1 1 1 igen EE D 3 Figure 9 2 1 1 1 Bo
31. be taken into effect when dealing with different components the team must make sure that there is enough current to power all of the devices in the alarm clock Figure 4 2 4 1 3 shows the Breakout Board as well as the PCB schematic of this design This component also allows for data to be written and read from the SD card The pricing of this module was only 17 95 and the team realized this would be a better buy due to the price as well as dealing with the amount of pins The Breakout Board would be much easier to integrate to the MP3 decoder than the uALFAT Page 41 Figure 4 2 4 1 3 The Breakout Board SD Card Reader and its dimensions Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun Electronics One more type of reader that was researched into was the USB SD Card Reader 26 from Sparkfun Electronics This device seemed like a great choice for the GuSu prototype because it had support for all of the different types of SD formats such as SD microSD MMC and compact flash After realizing that the GuSu prototype would need some type of USB interface with the MP3 decoder the team thought that this could prove to be a challenging task and extra work Finding a USB interface that will interface easily with the STAO13 MP3 decoder would prove to add a lot of extra programming work on top of the large amount of programming already needed to be done The team thought of another easy way to get around this by directly interfacing the USB SD Reader t
32. c scum 0 3V to 4 0V Maximum current outof GND pln 2 3 2 3 8 3 SECOND ISIN 300mA Maxiidium ceno MOGTIIEI ace aras ties mcis atender te E aN 250mA Maximum output current sunk sourced by IO1 or IO2 pin eeeeeeeeee 4 0mA Total power dissipation cssssssseessseeee eee nem e emm eme e enn e nnne 1 0W Figure 5 2 3 2 The absolute maximum ratings of the GOLDELOX GFX graphics processor Reprinted with permission from 4D Systems 5 2 4 Test Plan To test the effectiveness of the LCD display there will be multiple things that need to be tested First off to test if the LCD display has arrived in tact the team will supply a voltage and ground to the display and turn the power on If this succeeds then the display will be known to work To actually get any images and a menu on the LCD display more work will be required to connect the display to the microcontroller The team will be using a breadboard to connect both of these devices and the software code that the team has written will need to be implemented onto the microcontroller The team can also use the built in SD Card reader on the UOLED 160 G1 to test the displays quality when dealing with images or animations The team will first off test if the display can communicate with the microcontroller and the team will send some commands to the display such as a simple time output If this proves successful the team will then work on implementing the rest of the featu
33. clock would need However the alarm clock should not need more than 500mA of current According to Sparkfun Electronics it is also very helpful to place a diode at the 9V receiving end to ensure that the current will only flow in one direction 53 This can be important in some instances where the connection might be made many times or by the user This would prevent the accidental incorrect wiring of the voltage line and ground resulting in a reversing the polarity of the voltage and thus the direction of the current However because this part of the project would not be touched by the user the diode would not be a necessity It will just be important for the group members to keep the voltage and ground lines straight during development One thing that would be very handy however would be a way to know whether or not the power is on An indicator of sorts would be nice to have so if there were ever any problems during testing which is very possible rather than having to check the voltages with a multimeter each and every time it would be nice to see a straightforward visual indication This can rather easily be done by using an light emitting diode LED Without going explicitly into how LEDs work suffice it to say that they emit a small light when a small amount of current flows Page 95 through them In general LEDs should never have more than 20mA of current flowing through them as around that point they begin to fail 5
34. explained Following this discussion will be important information about how this specific type of LCD display was chosen along with the research that went along with this decision Back in the late 1800s a chemist by the name of Friedrich Reinitzer had found liquid crystals in the cholesterol molecules of carrots In the early 1900s there was various research done on these liquid crystals they were finally classified into three types which were called nematics smectics and cholesterics By the time of 1962 a member of the electronics company RCA named Richard Williams was the first to notice that the liquid crystals had electrical and optical properties by applying a certain voltage to them In the following decades more work was done by researchers to harness the practical value of these crystals and how they could be used in electronics in modern society In the early 1970s various patents were made in the USA as well as in Europe for creating the first twisted nematic LCD display 29 Twisted nematic displays mean that display contains liquid crystals that will twist and untwist at different angles which allow light to pass through them Once this happened the dominos fell and work on the LCD displays increased dramatically with more and more patents being made in the following years Figure 5 2 1 1 shows a common active matrix LCD display The liquid crystals are encased within two glass plates which have horizontal and vertical filters on eithe
35. for the VS1053b chip are that it can be controlled via a serial input bus and has the option of interfacing through uART for debugging purposes The voltage supply to this MP3 decoder chip would be ran at 3 6V which was in the range of voltage that would needed to be used with the GuSu Design Another key feature that caught the team s eye was the relative low power consumption at about 50mA After realizing that SPI was the only interface with this MP3 decoder this solution was considered a poor product due to the amount of SPI pins that would be used with the ATMega644P microcontroller Pricing on this chip was on average about 19 95 which wasn t that pricey for the high quality of this chip Shown in figure 4 2 3 1 1 is a schematic of the VS1053b MP3 decoder showing the processing unit on the chip as well as the interfacing capabilities Page 33 so VSDSP4 SCLK Processor GPIO Figure 4 2 3 1 1 The package design of the VS1053b audio decoder Reprinted with permission from VLSI Solution One other MP3 decoder that is manufactured from VLSI Solutions based in Finland an integrated circuit developing company was the VS1001 21 This chip is also fabricated from the same company that makes the VS1053b The VS1001 chip is not as involved and does not have all of the extra features as the VS1053b but it has some of its own advantages The main difference in this chip is that it only supports the MPEG audio layer codec whereas the VS1053
36. for a senior design project documentation Please let me know any additional information you need from me Thank you Philip Bell koyapb earthlink net Page 146 Figure 6 1 1 3 1 From Amy McDonough lt amcdonough tekscan com gt Date March 23 2009 4 08 12 PM EDT To Philip Bell lt koyapb earthlink net gt Subject FlexiForce Images Dear Philip Thank you for emailing to request the use of our images You are welcome to use any images on the website Please let me know if you need anything else Best regards Amy Amy McDonough FlexiForce Sales amp Marketing Assistant Tekscan Inc Phone 617 464 4500 x245 amcdonough tekscan com www tekscan com Order FlexiForce sensors and ELF Systems at our online shopping cart Page 147
37. gif oled cell gr Page 129 Figures 5 2 1 3 5 2 2 1 5 2 2 2 5 2 3 1 5 2 3 2 Hi Matt You can use the figures as long as you give proper references of the product and the company in your documentation Cheers Muhammad Bilal 4D Tech Support email support 4dsystems com au Web http www 4dsystems com au 4DGL http www 4dsystems com au developers Forum http www websitetoolbox com mb 4d From Matt O Morrow mailto matt hudat com Sent Friday March 13 2009 4 12 AM To support 4dsystems com au Subject uOLED 160 G1 LCD Display Matt OMorrow United States matt myacc net Hello am an engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States We are working on a Senior Design project and will be using your uOLED 160 G1 LCD display am writing to ask for permission to use figures you have in your PDF files to add to our documentation uOLED 160 G1 Mech pdf uOLED 160 G1 Users Manual Rev1 0 pdf uOLED Connections pdf Page 130 Figures 4 2 4 1 1 4 2 4 1 2 Question from College Student intox x Matt O to ghielec show details Apr 21 5 days ago Reply Y Hello I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States I am writing you to ask permission to reprint some figures on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time j
38. is of less importance than the actual waking up RDS functions would have more necessity in systems where the main function is to listen to and enjoy the music programming Most of the LV24000 lines of chips are 3 wire controlled but the couple that is I C is noted The headphone amp is not truly needed either because another audio amplifier will most likely be used elsewhere in the GuSu system Page 28 Sanyo was contacted via email and they were very helpful They provided help with locating the part in the event that the group decides to go with it and they also gave important documents such as the datasheet access to their LV24230 Easy Radio schematics and information and offered to help however they could during the process Another company worth looking into is Silicon Labs They also have many FM tuners on the market most notably their line of Si470X ICs These receivers do require external components although the amount is minimal Each model like the Sanyo receivers has different feature sets The Si4702 and Si4703 models offer full FM receiving with the Si4703 model including RDS decoding The Si4704 and Si4705 models improve on the previous versions with Bluetooth capability and will accept transmissions in that format The 4705 chip also includes the RDS decoding The Si4708 and Si4709 chips improve on those by decreasing the size to an amazing 6 25 mm again with the Si4709 including the RDS decoding An examp
39. members or available in the UCF engineering laboratories This device will be similar to the SD Card for testing purposes This device can be tested alone to see if it is functional by connecting the voltage and the ground then testing the device with a multimeter To check if the decoder is functioning correctly it will need to be tested along with the SD Card and the ATMega644P microcontroller The team will most likely use a sample MP3 to send to the decoder to test the ability to decode the MP3 The audio speaker will need to be hooked up to the output of the decoder to check for sound output If all of this works correctly the team will know that the decoder is working properly and can continue to implement the STA013 into the rest of the GuSu design 4 2 4 Sim Card Reader The purpose of the SD Card Reader will allow the user of the GuSu prototype to store their favorite songs and music on a widely available Secure Disk for playback through the GuSu s sound output The reasoning behind this is so that besides the FM Tuner the user will also have a backup way of listening to their favorite music and not just their favorite radio stations Using this method was found to be the most secure and most update to date More will be discussed on how the SD card will be used and how it will allow the user to listen to their favorite MP3s 4 2 4 1 Research The first research that was done involved deciding what kind of storage device the GuSu design wo
40. most interesting was the ability to detect the amount of light in the room Having this feature would allow the Page 9 base station to turn on its alarm clock to wake the person up at a certain time whether it is in the morning afternoon or at night The PerfectSleepSystem was fascinating as it could detect when to wake the user up when they entered the light sleep mode based on their movements and heartbeats An example of the base station is shown in the left image of figure 1 7 2 and examples of where the sensors were placed are shown in the right image s ee f rm Figure 1 7 2 Base station of the PerfectSleepSystem and a diagram of the sensors involved Reprinted pending permission from the PerfectSleepSystem UCF Senior Design group After reviewing both of these projects and many others it was found there were similarities in their design compared to the GuSu design The Lazy Home system would use the Zigbee protocol as well as the GuSu design and all of these systems would utilize the concept of wireless technology to achieve a common goal Another resemblance between these systems is the base station These designs would use the concept of a base station as the central control unit including the design of GuSu The purpose of this base station would allow all features of the designs to be easily integrated together The main difference that can be seen from these designs compared to the GuSu design is the fundamental fun
41. nmokhberi futek com gt Date March 23 2009 3 15 15 PM EDT To lt koyapb earthlink net gt Subject Re website image inquiry Phillip Thanks for the response and explanation of usage You have our permission for usage Please keep this email for your reference Thanks Navid Mokhberi Business Development Associate navid futek com FUTEK Advanced Sensor Technology Inc 10 Thomas Irvine CA 92618 V 949 297 9660 F 949 465 0905 Toll 800 23 FUTEK www futek com On 3 21 09 2 42 PM koyapb earthlink net lt koyapb earthlink net gt wrote Thanks for your quick reply gt gt Me and my teammates are researching options for the design of a system gt that needs to detect if a person is in a bed and hopefully be able to gt tell the difference between a person and a pet or luggage So I m Page 140 just looking into what s out there as far as pressure weight sensing goes though we most likely will just use infrared pressure sensing would have been useful for measuring exactly how much the overall weight including the mattress would be allowing the system to be gt further programmed to handle multiple bed users at once that is if the system knows how much each person weighs it can tell who has left gt the bed and who hasn t gt gt I didn t have an exact product in mind though I was going to make use gt of the base product images for the pancake load button and do
42. possible occupant if their individual weights differ significantly and in turn when each needs to be awoken This design is safe from mistakes involving most luggage and pets and could avoid problems with couples or shared beds 6 1 1 4 Conclusion On the down side in order to use weight sensors the user would be responsible for the placement and calibration of the sensors In order to silence the alarm the user could remove the sensors from under the bed when the alarm sounds and go back to sleep defeating the key design element of the user having no easy way to silence the alarm with the exception of leaving the bed entirely Another problem is the added cost and the complications of if the user has a waterbed or some non standard bed frame such as a bed over desk fixture bunk bed air mattress etc While most of these possibilities are not included in the assumptions made for the user environment they are factors that limit the distribution of the GuSu system Below table 6 1 1 4 1 compares sample products of the various pressure and weight sensing devices mentioned Thickness Load Range zie Custom Order Load 500 00 Force 38 Sensor Eum EE Ib 25 00 117 00 Yes max 1000lb 36 37 Table 6 1 1 4 1 Comparison of basic force weight sensors lt 0 1 0 40 Ib 90 00 300 00 No 6 1 2 Distance Sensing Another method of detecting an occupant in the sleeping area is to detect a change in range between some chosen point a
43. that are in the workplace The GuSu development team knows from personal experience how crucial it is to waken from sleep and get started on the daily activities Not waking up in the morning seems harmless enough but it can cause major consequences down the road The GuSu prototype that the team has developed will help ease these troubles The initial budget costs of the design will be quite pricey but if the design was manufactured on a mass scale the overall cost to the average user will drop significantly The components used in the GuSu prototype are standard devices that can be bought off the internet from companies that specialize in the manufacture of these specific devices One good aspect about the GuSu prototype is its capability of adding new features and devices with relative simplicity One big feature that that can be upgraded to the average user will be the Menu system To add new devices it will be simple to add them to the microcontroller but the software would have to be implemented to control it Keeping in mind all of the features and usability the GuSu prototype has to offer there will be many benefits that outweigh the costs of actually building the prototype The prototype will be safe enough to be used in any location of the user s home and users of all ages will be able to operate the prototype easily with simple instructions The GuSu design will also attempt to challenge the users of the prototype to come up with new ideas
44. the board worthless and involve the purchase of another blank board It would likely still be worthwhile to become certified however There can be several reasons for this but most importantly it gives options in case there are mistakes in the design If a design has a mistake in it where a trace was made that shouldn t have been or vice versa it is possible that it could be fixed by using the milling machine at UCF rather than purchase another board As will be seen below while the boards are not ridiculously priced it would get rather expensive to keep repurchasing the boards because of simple errors While the common companies available to produce PCBs do charge a premium to have them create the board for you they are generally guaranteed to be done right There are many different companies around so each will be looked at to determine the feasibility of using that company This applies to both the company manufacturing the board and the company whose software will be Page 114 used to create the PCB schematic These PCB schematics are known as Gerber files 53 These Gerber files are actually a collection of seven required files Top Copper Layer GTL Top Soldermask Layer GTS Top Silkscreen Layer GTO Bottom Copper Layer GBL Bottom Soldermask Layer GBS Bottom Silkscreen Layer GBO and a Drill File 53 The three letter names in parenthesis in the previous sentence refer to the file extension of each file re
45. the user If the action is enabled the related action function is called and executed until passing control back to the Run Alarm function Control is also given back if the user is no longer detected in the bed If this occurs Run Alarm will await either sensor signals to start alarm actions again or user input to enter SetMode if the user holds down the CENTER ENTER pushbutton long enough 10 3 Software Testing All software requires thorough unit testing to guarantee integrity and an implementation free of both runtime and logical errors Unit testing will be written into and for all functions and proof of concept versions will be written in C C for external logic testing before attempting to make the software work directly with the microcontroller If time allows a quick implementation of the menu system using Java will be created to make sure all logic and possible actions are exhausted to ensure there are no loop holes or bugs in the design of the menu Page 113 system Finally once all software is written fully tested for logic errors and uploaded to the microcontroller rigorous use testing will be performed hopefully with enough time to put the entire GuSu system through overnight implementation tests No software can be considered 10096 tested until it has been used in the field 11 0 Printed Circuit Board In order to attach all of the different modules and devices in this alarm clock together it will be necessary to u
46. the point of the clock running It would still be simpler than attempting to plug in another 12V wall wart into the outlet and running that voltage to the clock as a negative line which would be another option The final schematic for the audio amplifier to the speaker that will be used in this project using the LM1458 Op Amp is shown in Figure 4 2 1 2 3 along with the necessary second battery for the 12V Refer to section 9 which details the GuSu alarm sto the 12V line being used The audio input is coming from the FM Tuner Mp3 reader and standard alarm buzzer Though the resistor values are listed to give a gain of 10 this can very easily be changed to however high is wanted This will be determined when all the components are in and the Page 22 voltage and audio levels can be tested If for example a gain of 100 was desired the Rf could be replaced with a 9900 ohm resistor Atl2u Audio In Gnd 1 EM B3 Ju Figure 4 2 1 2 3 Audio Amplifier Module final schematic The Audio In will be controlled by the microcontroller Schematic created with ExpressSCH The audio amplifier can easily be tested By using a constant signal perhaps an mp3 tone a voltmeter can be used to test the voltages at the input and at the output The output voltage level should be roughly the input level multiplied by the gain Of course an aural check can be conducted by running the input through the speaker and then
47. this company seemed to hold a large array of different types of MP3 decoders Some other companies found on the web that carried MP3 decoders were PJRC electronics and STMicroelectronics The following contains information on the various MP3 decoders that were considered along with their specifications and why they were or were not chosen Possible solutions range from lone decoder chips to integrate ready boards all the way up to fully assembled boards which only require a storage device be connected While the third option is convenient the prices range over a 100 and would be harder to interface with from the GuSu system without either modifying the board received or having separate controls In addition the excess parts and components jeopardizes the design plans for keeping the GuSu small as possible The second option does not have this problem and are usually priced under 50 Below table 4 2 3 1 1 is a table comparing some available MP3 mini circuit boards Page 32 Item On board Interface Output Input Dimensions Price Supplier No Name Chip MINIMP3 VLSI V81002 SPI Microphone 45 x 55 mm 23 90 15 Audio Out VS1003B L VLSI SD card Audio Out N A 80 00 14 SD Card Mini VS1003B L Player VS1000B L VLSI USB Audio Out N A 80 00 14 Tiny Player VS1000B L VS1053B L VLSI SD Card Microphone N A 80 00 14 VS1053B L Audio Out MOD MP3 VLSI VS1002 UEXT Microphone 57 x 45 mm 41 94 20 SD MMC Audio
48. through with no problems 63 However the power traces were chosen to be 025 in width which can handle a current load of 1A 63 Of course this is overkill but as in any design it is better to have a system that is rated to handle more of everything than is expected Using netlisting the handy tool that shows what each pin should connect to when the PCB is linked to a schematic the parts were connected as planned The ground plane was created and each pin was double checked The group Page 117 reviewed the design and agreed to it after a couple of minor changes The final design is shown below in Figure 11 2 2 and a full size copy is in the Appendix Figure 11 2 2 The final PCB Design of the Gusu Clock The PCB was created using ExpressPCB 12 0 Budget Dealing with budgets and the financials of a project is an important role in the design process Budgets are normally the first things discussed when companies talk about the development of software and hardware projects If the budget cost is too high and the projected revenues from the developed project cannot surpass the initial budget outlay chances are companies will not go ahead with that project The same question must be asked for the GuSu prototype Is this design cost feasible The GuSu project team definitely thought that the overall design is cost feasible for the purpose it is intended for The team would have to purchase all components and other necessa
49. turn on inside of the plastic ball and also activate a sound alarm on the base station An anti symmetric disk would rotate within the ball to move it around the floor In order to deactivate the alarm the person sleeping would have to get out of bed and pick up the ball then return it to the base station which would reconnect the magnetic switches and thus turning off the alarm While the ball would sit on the alarm clock base station the battery that would run the DC motor inside the ball could charge via the AC wall outlet This was similar to the GuSu design in that it required the user s action to do something to deactivate the alarm The last project that was looked into that was especially similar to the GuSu design was the PerfectSleepSystem 4 which was also designed by a group in the UCF engineering program The purpose of this system was to utilize electronic sensors attached to a person s body to optimize their sleep occasions The PerfectSleepSystem contained sensors that would monitor the heart rate temperature of the body and also their movement The goal of this system was to use those features to calculate which settings were most favorable for a good night s sleep The PerfectSleepSystem was similar to Lazy Home in that it would control external electronic devices to allow the user to sleep more sound Examples of this would be turning off appliances such as the TV or lights One feature of the PerfectSleepSystem that was found
50. ve LEFT lt gt GND 12 SCL 270k O 0033pF gt 33pF 560 7 7 cig RIGHT DATA GND CLOCK C gt DATA REQ c RESET L SS APA cape 14 7456 MHz B 47 i Reprinted with permission from PJRC Electronic Projects Moving onto the actual connection to the microcontroller via the 12C data interface one line will act as the data source to feed the input into the STAO13 while the other line will act as the clock There are four basic operations of the 12C interface when dealing with the STAO13 One of the conditions is the start state this will control whether to start or stop communication with the microcontroller The other two main conditions that deal with data transfer are the send and receive bytes The send byte will output the decoded MP3 data to the audio speakers while the receive byte condition will accept data pushed through Page 36 by the microcontroller to be decoded Lastly there is a stop condition when this is enabled the I2C bus will be set to idle mode and will not receive or transmit data Dealing with the software to control the MP3 decoder will be somewhat tricky Software code will need to be implemented on the ATMega644P microcontroller the first code will need to read in data from the SD Card Once this has been completed the microcontroller should send data through itself and then to the STA013 MP3 decoder There are two main functions that will need to be implemented with t
51. watts and 11 amps The tremendous power draw would require a large ac dc transformer which is prohibitively expensive costing around 150 00 This will necessitate an ac dc converter within the machine There are three considered options available to convert the power Full wave rectifiers with DC voltage regulators transformers with voltage regulators and switched mode power supplies are the researched options Batteries could also be used to power the DC components but even with every DC electronic system in lower power state the system would last only approximately 3 days before requiring new batteries The problem with modifying an off the shelf system is room for power conversion circuits The smallest switching mode power supply found during the research was approximately 2 x 2 With the microcontroller and XBee module already occupying the limited space the group felt that the module power supply could be installed externally if necessary As the coffee machine has not been obtained yet this will be investigated further during development The group consensus is to currently supply the DC power via a second power source An AC DC transformer can be housed external to the system and heat problems will also be eliminated The same power design implemented with the alarm clock system could be used to power the microcontroller at the full 5V and a step down voltage regulator could be inserted to power the XBee module at the require 3 3V The oth
52. 13 3 1 Technical Objectives and Specifications ccccccsssscccsssssceccsssscsccsssscessessseessessseees 13 fe 26 a RCT oY E T A E E ET 13 3 2 Reseat Chia E E A E I T E 14 3 2 1 Texas Instruments MSP430 ssseesssseesesseesesoeesecoseseoseeseooseseooeeseooseseooseseossesseeee 15 3 2 2 AUIMEL AVR iieiseds civsdascsestessconsannsnvessessdaessnasovedsessceccsnacebeavessescdswasbsebeessesscsnapesenee se 15 ERN dInpclEem M 17 S A Test Plan PERSTO ICI IL D ILI D ILL ID 18 CAI AERUBVPPIIC M M 19 4 1 Block Diagraim 6 2 eon RE oseni SEE E AEN are een er rendono rey be hoan ante aN oo eoa eap mas 19 4 2 Design Requiremenls eee e eine oe nune na e na nina oe ua no a e eue na na Sena as crea nans aoa ana n aaa aee na naa 20 42 1 Audio OUtpUt 1er eie Ier pa se e coo eae Dc ossa aa ao rro s Yao oo sR sa Oo sao N aseo ERE Kain 20 4 2 2 FM BILIILSSPE 25 4 2 3 MP3 Dec de ssrisucanssecssecsusssvinnsocsseccassosususysusvecSececkstunivscessdsesesabesusteddcousesasesedeoste 32 4 2 4 Sim Card REader cccccccsssssssssececececcecscssseeeeeeeseececssseseeseeseesecssceceesesseeseusceseeeees 38 EUdict 45 CNN LuMTTE 45 5 2 Liquid Crystal Display 1 ro erro eoo zia cess gested eo noia ety nad ea Suc Ed ea Sopa AEEA
53. 23159DGSR Mux 0 81 1 0 81 Printed Circuit Board 80 00 1 60 00 Miscellaneous 10 00 1 5 00 TOTAL 403 53 383 17 Table 12 3 Actual Budget 13 0 Final Design Review amp Integration Test The purpose of this section will help clarify all of the research and implementation that went into each component To make the reader understand more about how the GuSu is designed to function a walkthrough of each component and how they interact with one another will be discussed The main component which will control all other modules will be the microcontroller All of the other components will be directly involved with this device The LCD display will also be another key component with the GuSu design It will connect to the microcontroller and be the way the prototype interacts with the user through a menu system and buttons to allow the prototype to perform the various functions Another electronic component that will make the design unique is the PIR sensors These sensors will be positioned somewhere near the users bed possibly on the side or above This is the component that will allow the prototype to test whether the user is in bed or not and will act accordingly by turning on or off the alarm buzzer and speaker To wake the user from sleep the GuSu design will use audio output in the form of a speaker and a buzzer Interacting with the audio output is also the SD Card and the MP3 decoder The SD Card will primarily be used for storage of
54. 3 The easiest way to ensure the reduced current in the LED is to put it in series with a resistor The resistor would be chosen of course based on the voltage So if there was a 5V regulator and someone wanted to know how to tell if that regulator is truly outputting about 5V an LED and a resistor could be wired in series from the 5V voltage level to ground In this example the resistor to be chosen would probably be about 330 Ohms Using Ohm s Law that would create a current of about 15mA which would be more than enough to light the LED Now if there were ever significantly less than 5V coming out of the regulator the LED would be off to indicate that Chances are the voltage out of the regulator would be nearly 5 or nearly O Because of that if the light is lit up than there is a good chance that if anything is wrong it is not the power supply An example of a circuit with the LED installed is shown in Figure 9 2 1 1 4 FKIC ONU Figure 9 2 1 1 4 The LM7805 regulator with capacitors a switch and the LED installed Notice that it makes no difference whether the resistor or the diode is placed first in the series Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun Electronics Different colored LEDs can be found for prices that approach being free with minimal searching A quick search of SparkFun Electronics found red and yellow LEDs for only 0 50 each 53 There are many other suppliers and it could be added to any other orders from mo
55. 3 data matches the actual bit rate of the stream that is being decoded One important fact about the STAO13 I2C data bus is that it will always act as a slave device instead of a master when connected to the microcontroller and speakers Shown in figure 4 2 3 1 2 are the absolute maximum ratings of the STAO13 decoder symbol Parameter 0 0 0 vae fi Power Supply oswa v Voltage on Input pins 0 3 to Voo 0 3 E Vo Voltage on output pins 0 3 to Voo 0 3 Figure 4 2 3 1 2 The absolute maximum ratings of the STA013 MP3 Decoder Reprinted pending permission from STMicroelectronics Having done the research on these different decoders it seemed like the STA013 would be the best fit for the implementation of the GuSu system The VS1053b seemed like a great choice the but team only cared about the MP3 formatting of audio files Dealing with different formats of files would prove to complicate the design much more than it already is Having the data interface as I2C also helped the team choose this chip over the others Thus this would prove to be the pick for the GuSu design The implementation of the STAO13 decoder chip will be discussed in further detail in section 4 2 3 2 of the document 4 2 3 2 Implementation Strategy After researching through the variety of different MP3 decoders it was decided that the STAO13 MP3 decoder would be used This section will discuss how the STAO13 MP3 decoder will be implemented into the de
56. 5 00 FM Tuner 5 00 SD Card 5 00 PIR Sensors 10 00 MP3 Decoder 15 00 SD Card Reader 20 00 Speaker 5 00 PrintedCircuitBoard 100 00 Miscellaneous 20 00 TOTAL 325 00 LONE Table 12 1 Planned Budget Components uOLED 160 G1 LCD Display Atmel ATmega644 20PU Sanguino Development Kit XBee Modules Basic Coffee Machine Arduino Development Kit ATmega168 Housing Case Supplies SD Card SD Card Socket DS1305 Clock Timer TDA7000 FM Tuner PIRD203B Passive Infrared Sensor PIRd203S Infrared Sensor Fresnel Lens PIR Sensor Module Compact PIR Sensor Module CS9803 Control LP8072 PIR Sensor M7612 PIR Controller STA013 MP3 Decoder Directional Infrared Induction Prototype Cost 99 95 1 7 87 1 25 00 1 23 00 2 46 00 20 00 1 Free Josh Free Josh 25 00 1 4 50 1 3 80 ll An TM o 0 60 3 1 80 0 90 3 2 70 6 90 2 13 80 99 95 7 87 25 00 23 00 30 00 25 00 5 49 20 00 3 00 3 00 5 00 6 00 1 75 1 75 0 30 6 90 7 40 0 90 0 60 0 90 12 00 Pricing 40 00 50 00 Free Free 90 00 Table 12 2 Development Budget Production Cost Page 119 28 Pin SOIC Adapter 0 80 2 1 60 0 75 LM7805 5V Regulator 0 51 1 0 50 DE SWADJ 3 3V Variable 15 00 1 12 00 Regulator WST 1205S Buzzer 1 81 1 1 80 LM1458 Op Amp 0 50 1 0 50 12V Wall Wart Free Andrew 12 00 EAS 4P15SA Speaker 4 32 1 4 00 TS5A
57. 5 respectively Pin 8 provides a 32 768 Hz output that can be used throughout the system If the alarm settings are to be implemented in the clock module both interrupt pins can be used independently from one another Pins 7 and 8 both output separate programmable interrupts for alarm signals Each of these pins will be tied to digital inputs on the microcontroller The rest of the pins used will be for serial communication between the clock module and the microcontroller CE pin 12 must be enabled for all reads and writes to the clock module Once asserted pins 14 15 16 enable all communication with the module Pin 14 is the serial clock pin used to select which device to use in all SPI communications This pin will be tied to pin PB7 on the ATmega644p SCO and SCI pin 15 and 16 will be tied to PB5 and PB6 for data transmission 8 4 Test Plan The clock module will maintain the critical function for the alarm clock in keeping time All used functions of the module will need to be tested thoroughly Since the alarm clock system will be using the SPI interface the module will be tested by hooking it up to the ATmega644p SPI interface after the microcontroller has been tested All pins will be wired as indicated in the implementation described above The clock time will be set and power will be applied for 24 hours Once the time has elapsed the module time will be compared with a synchronized clock on a nist time gov an online official time cl
58. AGE TOP VIEW Figure 4 2 1 4 1 The TS5A23159DGSR datasheet drawing Picture reprinted with permission from Digi Key V would be connected to 5V the acceptable range is 2V to 6V IN1 and IN2 determine whether or not to pass the voltage through When the IN1 is high then the signal connected to NO1 will connect to COM1 When IN1 is low COM will connect to NC1 Similarly when IN2 is high NO2 connects to COM2 When IN2 is low COM2 connects to NC2 So IN1 and IN2 need to be connected to the microcontroller to determine when each signal should pass through NO1 can connect to the FM Tuner output NO2 to the mp3 decoder output NC1 and NC2 to the ground so that when the devices are not activated there will be no audio output and COM1 and COM to the input of the audio amplifier A final schematic of the mux is shown in Figure 4 2 1 4 2 FMCTRL gt FMOUT gt MP3QUT MP3CTRL gt Figure 4 2 1 4 2 Final schematic of the implementation of audio amplification control Schematic created using ExpressSCH Page 24 4 2 2 FM Tuner An FM tuner is to be integrated with the GuSu alarm clock and will be able to wake the user with any chosen FM radio station This will be in addition to the option for mp3 audio from the on board SD card slot and standard alarm beeping lt is intended parts and the radio should be able to be tuned by the user to any local station that has strong enough of reception to be easily p
59. Accessed 4 2 09 Page 125 35 http www vat19 com dvds flying alarm clock cfm Accessed 4 9 09 36 http www tekscan com flexiforce flexiforce html Accessed 4 19 09 37 http www parallax com Store tabid 60 Default aspx Accessed 4 19 09 38 http www futek com Accessed 4 20 09 39 http www imagesco com sensors force sensors html Accessed 4 20 09 40 http www sparkfun com Accessed 3 25 09 41 http www efx tek com topics pir html Accessed 4 17 09 42 http www futureelectronics com Accessed 4 13 09 43 https www fallingpixel com product php 6877 Accessed 4 14 09 44 http bluetooth com Bluetooth Technology Works Architecture Radio htm Accessed 3 1 2009 45 http zensys org Accessed 3 3 2009 46 http www zigbee org imwp idms popups pop_download asp contentID 10547 Accessed 3 1 09 47 http www digi com technology rf articles wireless zigbee jsp Accessed 3 10 09 48 http www digi com pdf ds_xbeezbmodules paf XBee ZB Pro Accessed 3 10 09 49 http www energysavers gov your home appliances index cfm mytopic 10040 Department of Energy Accessed 4 8 09 50 http www atmel com dyn resources prod documents doc2543 pdf ATtiny2313 Accessed 4 3 09 51 http www c max time com downloads getFile php id 51 4 WWYVB Clock IC Accessed 3 30 09 52 http datasheets maxim ic com en ds DS1305 pdf DS 1305 RTC Accessed 3 30 09 Page 126 53 http www sparkfun com com
60. Array that is filled in SetMode by the user s selection of order of actions during alarm time enum weekdays Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday o Enumerated weekdays int current WeekDay o Integer 0 6 representing the current weekday this value is incremented at midnight and reset to zero once 7 is reached int current SecondsFromMidnight o This value is set over and over by requesting the current time from the onboard clock int alarmTimes 7 o Array of alarm times mapped to the weekdays in order bool MP3 module o Boolean variable whether the mp3 module will be used during alarm time int MP3 order o Order in alarm actions of the mp3 module int MP3 duration o Number of minutes mp3 files will be played bool FM module o Boolean variable whether the mp3 module will be used during alarm time int FM order o Order in alarm actions of FM module int FM duration o Number of minutes FM sound will be played bool LOUD BUZZER module o Boolean variable whether the loud buzzer will be used during alarm time int LOUD BUZZER order o Order in alarm actions of the loud buzzer int LOUD_BUZZER_duration o Number of minutes the loud buzzer will sound for bool SOFT_BUZZER_module o Boolean variable whether the soft buzzer will be used during alarm time int SOFT BUZZER order o Order in alarm actions of the soft buzzer int SOFT BUZZER duration Page 108 o Number of minutes the soft buzzer will sound for e bool
61. Coon wrote Subject website image inquiry From koyapb earthlink net Date Sat 21 Mar 2009 13 01 05 0400 To robin pijrc com To robin pijrc com Hello My name is Philip Bell am a Computer Engineering student at the Universitty of Central Florida in Orlando Florida am emailing to request permission to use some of the product images for a senior design project documentation Please let me know any additional information you need from me Thank you Philip Bell koyapb earthlink net Page 144 FIGURE 5 3 2 1 From sales lt sales futurlec com gt Date April 12 2009 6 16 43 PM EDT To lt koyapb ix netcom com gt Subject RE Request for use of images from the website Dear Sir Thanks for your enquiry and yes it is fine to use these images in your design documents Best Regards Alan Sales Manager Futurlec http Awww futurlec com From koyapb ix netcom com mailto koyapb ix netcom com Sent Sunday 12 April 2009 10 44 PM To technical futurlec com Cc webmaster futurlec com sales futurlec com Subject Request for use of images from the website Hello am re emailing a previous email that failed to deliver My name is Philip Bell am a college student at University of Central Florida and wanted to request permission to use some product images in a design document here is the email I sent previously and the message the server sent back Let me know if there is anything else you need from me
62. D displays that were considered before choosing the appropriate one Ultimately the uOLED 160 G1 would prevail over the other displays that were looked into The first LCD display that was looked at was the 16x2 character LCD RS232 TTL This display had many of the features that were required by our alarm clock module This display required a 5V supply to power it while also having a high operating temperature range of up to 150 degrees Fahrenheit To work with the specific microcontroller that was chosen the display had to have an SPI interface SPI is short for Serial Peripheral Interface Bus which is a synchronous serial data link that will operate in full duplex mode Some advantages of the SPI interface over other interfaces such as I2C or SMBus are that it has a higher throughput as well as simple hardware interfacing The only real disadvantage of Page 47 the SPI interface is that it requires many more pins to run than the other interfaces Pricing for this display was set at about 24 00 which wasn t bad for this type of display but was a bit pricey After coming to the conclusion that the LCD RS232 TTL wasn t a suitable fit for the design because of limited capabilities of the LCD display and also the user friendliness of the hardware the uOLED 160 G1 seemed to be the right choice for the design that was chosen The team decided that the just standalone character LCD displays wouldn t look aesthetic enough for what the GuSu desig
63. Digi International Serial communication will be transmitted at 9600 baud using the configuration command ATBD 3 The channel for each module will be for the alarm clock and the coffee machine 0x11 Any additional XBee devices will be configured with same channel ID as this is required for communication over the network The network ID is configured by sending the command ATID XXXX where XXXX is the ID number in the range of 0 to OxFFFF Initially this will be set at a static value of OxAAAA f the alarm clock system goes to market the alarm clock master ZigBee module can be set to scan for any transmitting channels If one is found this channel would be eliminated from the selection as the alarm clock would be functioning as the master controller and another channel is chosen Page 77 Again if the product went to manufacturing the coffee machine would be set to scan all the network channels and look for the alarm clock and send commands with expected return values As noted in the table 7 0 4 1 DH and DL settings are specific to the operation of the modules The alarm clock acting as the master controller will have the DH address as 0 and DL as OxFFFF The coffee machines DL and DH addresses will also have the same initial address as the alarm clock Using the same parameters eliminates any link communication problems Of course this will need to change if the device does go to market As a note once all the configuration parameters h
64. ESEA ENES 46 5 21 RESCANCH nsssscccasscccnsvsewsdesdcsccecsvnswsscsss dsscuspesevecdsdesescenssuedcssdecessdpecubeddssecesscnssewen ss 46 5 2 2 Implementation Strategy viciicciccscesccceccecceckscestecetceedciedensececeeedectsceesecedsoaeessedensecs 50 5 2 3 ECD Driver Chip aare ESERE EN Geasecdetecsececcesstesuecsecdeeen secs 52 5 2 A Test Plan one e censent eant at mone nena ora eae ue ael eae nos det asud Paco TT 53 5 3 Physical User Interface 12 1 reiten creen or ene es oou cea co So oni nir srt ec oe naa FIR SUR DEP tan eaei 54 5 3 1 User s ExpectatiOn iioii iniri e oesaa re ordena eg po EES VNA ASES EENAA NTA ARNE ESEON SENN 54 LE mACEdUm 56 5 3 3 Physical User Interface Implementation ee ecce eese eene eee eene nnnn 57 5 3 4 Physical User Interface Test Plan ecce eese eeee eese eene e e eene nnns ennt 58 5 4 Graphical User Interface 1011 ce enit ee eee rans e a eene u ao eoa ni ca coa E nana oe agna aa eausa aa ae up gana 58 5 5 Complete User Interface 41 dere poi deo oo oa iuro pud ch ea pn a eee podra Ee eaa Pa aae pa dla 60 6 0 Sensor SySte Mises ertet eere rre ERO TNT RERO AeS SERE Tete pe y Oe dude tescasescdesseedectetesebees aces 61 RUSO IsDI PES 61 6 0 2 CHITI PLE 61 B 1 CIT Ia Rt 62 6 1 1 Weight Sensing 42 2 2 opas ee oria rh ee EN EONA oria nk NPA Pase ee or
65. GHz ISM frequency range employed in devices such as Bluetooth Wi Fi and cordless phones Microwaves also operate in the 2 4 GHz frequency range and can interfere with devices that use that spectrum If the alarm clock were to be distributed internationally the 900 MHz range would need to be modified as this is not a common open frequency available in other countries as is the 2 4 GHz range Z Wave is designed specifically for home automation and security This makes the protocol an optimal choice for the alarm clock project The coffee machine the light switch and the alarm clock could all be monitored and maintained and controlled with a more robust PC application The clock could be set over the wireless connection the coffee machine could be controlled over the internet or with the clock There are already a large number of end devices available made with Z Wave technology and the market is well established There is a single problem with implementing the alarm clock system with Z Wave The high development costs The software development kits alone cost 3500 which does not include any hardware A company called Control Think offers both a hardware and software development kit for only 100 but development would depend on a company with an uncertain future Because of the high development costs for software and hardware Z Wave was eliminated as an option for our product 7 0 2 3 ZigBee ZigBee is a standardized protocol for wireless persona
66. IWDOn23 C BS lt qdId gt bEersa v 1 K dITOtPobPp9U 341U TOW inoany CeIeaEdu SIO TEA C X8031 CITuX33 412328 6022015 6082W1 Page 122 t Board with components ic of the Printed Circui Schemat Figure 13 1 14 0 Conclusion With the American workforce being so high paced in this day and age there will be a need for a new and improved alarm clock to help them with their daily lives Many people are not satisfied with their current alarm clock setup and are looking to enhance their present design with better features and a more improved user interface The GuSu prototype will challenge this need with a better design implementation and more efficiency The goal of the GuSu development team will be to dive into the electronic field of alarm clocks and decide what users really want and need Most modern alarm clocks on the market today are simple and affordable for the standard user The GuSu prototype will attempt to revamp these simple alarm clocks with a more proficient design geared towards a wide genre of users As stated in the executive summary there are many problems with the amount of sleep each person gets every night The GuSu prototype will ensure that everyone will get a good night s rest and will guarantee that the user is awakened whenever they need to be The two core types of people the GuSu prototype will attempt to persuade in utilizing the device will be people in school and people
67. NTH MONTH 01 12 06H 86H 10 YEAR YEAR 00 99 07H 87H M 10 SEC ALARMO SEC ALARM 0 00 59 08H 88H M 10 MIN ALARMO MIN ALARM 0 00 59 P 09H sH m P x iH HOUR ALARM 0 NEPR 24 10 00 23 0AH sAH M 0 0 0 0 DAY ALARM 0 01 07 OBH 8BH M IOSECALARMI SEC ALARM 1 00 59 0CH 8CH M 10MINALARM1 MIN ALARM 1 00 59 P 0DH sop m P aA 104R HOUR ALARM 1 mee 24 10 00 23 0EH sH MI 0 0 0 0 DAY ALARM 1 01 07 OFH SFH CONTROL REGISTER 10H 90H STATUS REGISTER lH 91H TRICKLE CHARGER REGISTER 12 IFH_ 92 9FH RESERVED AQ E 20 7FH FFH 96 BYTES USER RAM Table 8 2 2 1 DS1305 Registers Reprinted pending permission from Maxim The DS1305 also contains two times of day alarms which can drive two external interrupts The alarm times are set by writing to registers 87h to 8Ah for alarm 0 and registers 8Bh to 8Eh for alarm 1 The alarm clock will be using two alarm clock settings for days of the week The module supports five different settings for alarm time day triggers by setting bit masks in each alarms respective registers The five settings are alarm once per second when seconds match when minutes and seconds match when hour s minutes and seconds match and when day hours minutes and seconds match the set time During each clock update the RTC clock compares both alarm 0 and alarm 1 registers with the clock registers If a match occurs the corresponding alarm flag bit is set to 1 If the correspon
68. Su unit for changing between RUN and SET mode was proposed This would force the user to have the key nearby turn the unit over or on its side and insert the key to turn the alarm from RUN to SET This would be easy to implement and relatively effective since the key could not simply be left in the key turn slot indefinitely Unfortunately this not only gives the user a Page 56 relatively quick way of silencing the alarm and returning to bed but if the key is lost or damaged the user loses control of the GuSu system Additionally having to keep track of the key and turn the unit over each time they wish to change modes would become a hassle after several uses Therefore this idea is being left out of the design due to the above complications and negative aspects 5 3 3 Physical User Interface Implementation The area surrounding the push buttons shall be flat allowing the user to find the buttons easily by brushing their fingers across the top surface of the GuSu unit The CENTER pushbutton should be slightly lower than other pushbuttons making it easier for a user to orient their fingers All other pushbuttons UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT shall be the same height and oriented at ninety degree intervals around the CENTER pushbutton LEFT and RIGHT shall be aligned along a line parallel to the front of the GuSu unit while UP and DOWN are oriented on a perpendicular line to LEFT and RIGHT Going clock wise the directional pushbuttons shall be w
69. V 5 5V 2mA ZIGBEE 2 1V 3 6V 40 mA Op Amp 12V and 12V Totals 2 4 3 6 4 5 12 12 250 mA max Table 9 2 1 2 1 Table of the different components in the GUSU alarm clock and their voltage and current requirements As can be seen in the table above the minimum amount of voltages required are a 12V and 12V to bias the Op Amps a voltage between 2 4V and 3 6V to satisfy the Mp3 decoder and Zigbee components and a voltage between 4V and 5V to be a sufficient source for the rest of the components The max current that could be drawn if all of the components were drawing max current at once would be about 250 mA Of course that is not possible For example if the buzzer is drawing current then the FM Tuner Mp3 decoder and SIM card reader all would not be and vice versa Regardless it is best to plan on a higher max current draw than is possible so that there are no problems In that regard it is important to make sure that all components involved in the power supply are rated to handle a current of 500 mA flowing through them The above table can also be used to construct a simple block diagram of the power supply system which is shown in Figure 9 2 1 2 2 3V Step Down Mp3 Decoder Buzzer AC Wall Outlet 12V Wall Wart 5V Voltage Regulator Microcontroller FM Tuner LCD Screen Clock Timer PIR Sensor 12V Battery Figure 9 2 1 2 2 Block Diagram of the Power Supply System Page
70. VIN ite E AM E Hee E 3 a way E z F TH db Hi m STAND UP IT KNOWS WHEN YOU RE SLEEPING IT KNOWS WHEN YOURE AWAKE EEL4914 April 27 2009 Group 5 Philip Bell Andrew Leger Matthew O Morrow Joshua Rust Table of Contents 1 0 Executive SUMMASY 1 ooo ee to onn e ora n oo oa aane oe aoa anu eo aa E anas da omo a nana iii 1 1 1 Problem Statement cccssececccecsssssssseceeececcecscesseceeesessecceseeeeeeeeseaeecsseseeesesseaeecsess 2 D2 SOLUTION mem m 3 1 3 Research Methodology siedcscccedcceesesvccasisescccesssvccodseicceoosasvccoudsesctewssaedcavssedscveseseccossseecs 4 1 4 Design Methodology siic cccsiccccessicectcessvecceteseseccesavecdesessscteoasvescebesssesceasseddesssessteodaces ce 4 1 5 Implementation Methodology elle ee esee eese ee eene eee nennen nennt nsns sentono 5 1 6 Project ManageMent icccicccescccccsceccsccetecceteecceedhcocsecetscedscsdeveccodcoedesdecesnscediacecescdesedends 6 1 7 Similar Projects ainaani ianen aaa nne an nue oaa ao nnn a ana age oa secs cdedsacecdesestencedseattdesseccss 8 PAUEL AT AT BM PADRE 10 2 1 ABS Plastic Encl sUrES nsessssessoriiun iissa onies ienaiiino Sns ENEE 11 2 2 LUCITS SOCKS sisisi sessen esseeri isai aiaia senise serais iosas isis ia 11 2 3 WOOG NETTE 12 3 0 Microcontroller si iccciscscinndecesccesassacnnenesetesdecsdcnannesssesdessannannesededdesccseasues s esdossonacanesedeodeds
71. a beacon transmitter In beacon mode the transmitter could transmit at a random 30 second interval If the received signal strength was significantly decreased between pings the transmitter could decrease the ping time by half with each successively decreasing ping time The base transceiver alarm clock could measure the RSSI with each ping and determine if the receiver were actually leaving the network area 7 1 6 Research The research for wireless communication modules was limited to Zigbee devices as Zigbee is already limited in the system This limits production costs and development costs The XBee module supports received signal strength indication so the alarm clock will be able to support the distance range detection There are a number of other Zigbee modules including those mentioned in the wireless communication section that support RSSI No further investigation was conducted on Zigbee module based on previous investigations and design costs and time 7 1 7 Implementation As with the other XBee modules the all device configuration will occur prior to installing it The device only requires power to function It will only support node discovery There will be a single LED connected to the remote signal strength indicator pin pin 6 to ensure remote connection to the Gusu alarm clock system It will be lighted when a connection is present The remote detection unit will be mounted in a sealed plastic enclosure and will have an ext
72. ailable for analog or digital signals A single external interrupt and internal interrupts are also supported The microprocessor also supports five software selectable power modes Table 7 2 2 2 1 The power down mode saves the register contents to NVRAM and freezes the internal oscillator until an interrupt or hardware reset on pin 1 Power save mode keeps the asynchronous timer running while shutting down all other functions on the device ADC Noise reduction mode allows the microprocessor to shut down all I O modules except the analog to digital converter to minimize switching noise while sample analog signals In standby mode the oscillator continues to run which permits fast startups and low power consumption The idle mode stops the CPU but leaves the USART SPI interrupts SRAM and the timers running Page 84 Active Clock Domains Oscillators Wake up Sources Main Clock Source Enabled Timer Oscillator Enabled INT1 INTO and Pin Change SPM EEPROM Ready Sleep Mode x ADC Noise 2 3 2 Ferd J jx x ix prse tx p ox x ix ey x jx ix x Notes 1 Only recommended with external crystal or resonator selected as clock source 2 If Timer Counter2 is running in asynchronous mode 3 For INT1 and INTO only level interrupt Table 7 2 2 2 1 Power Modes for ATmega microcontrollers Reprinted pending permission Atmel 7 2 3 Implementation The ATmega will be ru
73. ain number of values being stored and averaged the option for most sleep will be available where the user can choose what time they wish to leave rather Page 110 than what time they wish to wake up and the GuSU software will decide what time they need to be awoken based on that time and the time it takes them to leave RunMode will continue looping until a CENTER signal is detected which will wait for the signal to continue over a time depending on if the current time falls within the alarm time span if that wait time is reached SetMode will be called The subordiante function of RunMode PlayMode will be entered if the UP signal is received over five seconds This function let s allows use of the GuSu system as an FM radio or MP3 player and is overridden if the alarm time is reached and the user is detected in bed Overriding PlayMode is easily handled as when the alarm time saved to the clock is reached the clock device chosen for the GuSu system automatically sends an interrupt signal Figure 10 3 1 2 illustrates the overall flow of the GuSu system beginning at first turn on and running indefinitely User has NOT set all settings User has set all settings Alarm Time Span over Current time is in Alarm time span CENTER ENTER is pressed X Alarm Time has arrived No user detected Figure 10 3 1 2 Overall Activity Diagram Page 111 10 2 3 Functions 10 2 3 1 RunMode Functions The RunMode functio
74. and features In conclusion the GuSu prototype will have a lasting impact on the feasibility of new alarm clock designs in the future and will help pave the way for new and improved designs Page 123 APPENDIX A Works Cited 1 http www sleepfoundation org site c hulXKjMOIxF b 3934129 k 31D9 Poll Stats htm Accessed 4 8 09 2 http eecs ucf edu seniordesign su2007fa2007 g04 Site Welcome html Accessed 3 29 09 3 http me columbia edu seniordesigns 2007 800 ultimate html Accessed 3 29 09 4 http eecs ucf edu seniordesign sp2007su2007 g09 Accessed 3 29 09 5 http www atmel com dyn resources prod_documents doc801 1 pdf ATmega644 Accessed 3 25 09 6 http sanguino cc hardware ATmega644 Accessed 3 25 09 7 http arduino cc en Main Hardware ATmega164p Accessed 3 25 09 8 http www howstuffworks com question124 htm Accessed 4 1 2009 9 http www hotsolder com articles index php page stupid op amp trick Accessed 3 31 2009 10 http www microwaves101 com encyclopedia receivers superhet cfm Accessed 3 1 2009 11 http www semiconductor sanyo com easy_radio index htm Accessed 3 2 2009 12 https www silabs com products mcu Pages USBFMRadioRD aspx Accessed 3 7 2009 13 http electronics diy com TDA7000 FM Receiver php Accessed 4 2 2009 14 http www users bigpond com cool386 tda7000 tda7000 html Accessed 4 2 2009 15 http www visi fi en products vs1002 html Accessed 4 7 09
75. ard as it only requires four components Figure 7 1 7 2 Circuit diagram for remote Detection Unit Page 81 7 1 8 Test Plan In order to test the remote sensing unit two Zigbee modules will be used The first will be considered as the master and the second as an end device Each will be programmed with the same network ID and the location ID The master will be controlled using the programming software X CTU provided by Digi International Using the software the microcontroller can monitor the received signal strength of the end device Range testing will be performed using different materials in each of the designer s homes The materials include concrete block wood and metal The group will also test the range in different weather conditions to test the effects rain water could have on the sensitivity Measurements will be taken to determine the optimal ping or beacon times to test for the sensor dropping out of range at the speed of 25 mph 7 2 Coffee Machine 7 2 1 Technical Objectives and Specifications 7 2 1 1 Goals An off the shelf simple coffee machine with only on off functions will be purchased and modified for the project The coffee machine will be externally connected over a wireless ZigBee mesh network All communications with the device will be over secure network communications which will prevent the coffee machine from turning on at random periods The coffee machine will be controlled with microcontroller and c
76. as able to achieve the various principles that were instilled in the group members throughout their college career Some of these principles that were taught throughout the college program were that of working with others and the ability to apply engineering practices and ethics If the design meets the specified requirements the GuSu project members will know they have accomplished something meaningful and worthwhile To achieve this project management must be put into effect Using project management will ensure that the team is on schedule and allow the team to make sure deadlines are met The GuSu project team has set up an active live web folder using Windows Live Mesh which will allow the members to add and update documents images and information This will allow each team member to view each other s work and use constructive criticism to make sure each member is on the right track Google Documents are also used when updating documents The GuSu project team is currently using the Google Docs to update information about billing and specifications Using these methods is a way to achieve the organization and management elements of project management To achieve the planning aspect of project management a milestone chart was set up at the beginning of the design A milestone chart is a way of depicting key events along a period of time Most of these events will be deadlines that the GuSu project team must meet in order to successfully implement
77. as debugging and maintenance Specifically the selected microcontroller must have an Integrated Development Environment IDE available for it which allows for programming in the C or C programming languages In addition to a common programming language the control panel and the microcontroller must use the same bit architecture 3 1 1 4 Physical Package Both of the microcontrollers will be installed on single sided printed circuit boards Each device will be hand soldered to the boards In order to make it easier to mount and solder the microcontroller they must be available as a dual in line package DIP 3 2 Research After taking into consideration all of the requirements the range of choices for the microcontroller were narrowed down to two types The first choice was from the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller family The second choice was the Atmel AVR line of microcontrollers The choices were limited to these devices because of the access to both of the development kits for these as well as some experience in developing code for them Page 14 3 2 1 Texas Instruments MSP430 The first and foremost problem with the MSP430 is the availability in packaging Texas Instruments provides a wide variety of chips in MSP430 family The only problem is that they are all only available in a TSSOP and QFN packaging The preferred package type is DIP The group chose to explore the option of using the MSP430 with QFN adaptors o
78. as the printed circuit board the project team must be careful not to damage the circuitry on the devices Simple scratching or high heat can ruin an electrical circuit in an instant Once the devices are connected to one another the testing phase of the implementation methodology will come into place This phase will include all the directives needed to make sure the hardware is working properly The project Page 5 team will use multimeters oscilloscopes and other electrical testing equipment to make sure there are no bad connections As soon as this stage is completed and there are no technical errors the software design can begin Software design will incorporate many different aspects to controlling all of the devices to perform to the team s specifications This stage of implementation will include a lot of hard work and time to make sure the GuSu design carries out the actions described in the document 1 6 Project Management This section describes the aspects behind what project management means and what it can do for the designing team The purpose of project management is a way to plan organize and manage resources at the team s disposal to accomplish a goal that has been set for the GuSu project team The main goal of the GuSu project team is to successfully implement the design of GuSu and to present it to the fellow Senior Design peers and the UCF faculty The success of the design will decide whether or not the project team w
79. atiOn 5 5 1 tree ete reete eene ees oe eee ENEE A oa eu ea oe bean ee be pons era Ek 116 12 0 BUGS E 118 13 0 Final Design Review amp Integration Test ccccccsssscecsssssceccssssceccsssseesssssssessesseeees 120 TAO CONCIUSION ETT 123 APPENDIX A Works Cited csssescerecrscnscsssencesscesonsecssessesscesonsecssensesseesonsecssensessensons 124 APPENDIX B Eriialls iiie crura peret Fe Ero eee aaeeea eto edera baee o duae Ee iaae redo PNE 128 Page iii 1 0 Executive Summary There is always a need for alarm clocks in our daily society They are used for many reasons The most common and popular uses are to be woken up in the morning for school or work Although these would seem the obvious reasons there are others such as reminding the user about a certain event in their day or even to let them know when a deadline needs to be completed Whatever the reason is there is always a demand for these ingenious and effective electronic devices With the growing technical revolution taking place electronic companies are continually researching new ways to improve upon the design of current alarm clocks Some of these new modifications include an improved visual screen better sound quality and more features that can be used in the common person s lifestyle More and more companies are using LCD screen displays as an aesthetic way to illu
80. ave been set the command ATWR is sent to the XBee module and the configuration parameters are written to NVRAM on the module Once this is done the XBee modules will be connected to each of the respective microcontrollers As there will be different microcontrollers each separate implementation is listed in the following sections The alarm clock will be using an ATmega644p which provides two separate UART pins The LCD module will be connected to one set and an XBee module will be connected to the second set On the microcontroller pin 16 RX1 will go to pin 3 DIN CONFIG on the XBee module Pin 17 will be connected to pin 2 DOUT on the XBee module These two pins handle the data transmission For the power pin one is VCC and connected to a 3 3V source and pin 10 is connected to the common ground of the system All interface and link information will be displayed on the OLED module The coffee machine will be hooked up in the same manner as the alarm clock system In addition to the connections from the microcontroller LED s will be hooked up to the XBee module to indicate communication and link status The microcontroller and the XBee module will both be running at 3 3 V Pin 7 will be hooked to power and pin 1 will hooked to power The common ground will be connected to pin 10 on the XBee adaptor and pin 8 on the microcontroller Transmit pin 3 on the microcontroller will be connected to receive pin 3 on the XBee module Receive on the m
81. b has support for multiple audio formats One other small difference is the voltage operating range which is considerably less than the 3 6V of the VS1053b this chip will operate at about 3 3V which was an important factor in deciding which MP3 decoder to use Some similarities of these two chips were that they both of them have the same clock operating frequency at about 13 MHz The main interfacing solution to this MP3 decoder is through SPI bearing in mind this chip does not have a uART interface to for debugging purposes Pricing on the VS1001 averaged about 21 00 this was a bit pricey for this discontinued chip from VLSI Solutions Once again this solution only has SPI interface and was not ideal for the microcontroller the GuSu design uses due to the constraints of the other modules that would be using this interface Lastly the team had found an ideal candidate MP3 decoder that could work easily with the ATMega644P microcontroller and the SD Card Reader This chip is called the STAO13 MP3 decoder developed by STMicroelectronics The main feature of the STAO13 decoder is that it can handle just deciphering of MPEG layer 3 formats specifically MP3s This differs from the other decoders that were researched in that the STAO13 only deals with one type of file format making it idyllic for handling just MP3s which are the most popular form of sound format on the market today When decoding these formats the STAO13 has a special ability to output
82. be structured to loop until the LEFT button signal is received and will otherwise follow the user s navigation to select a sub function each of which handle adjusting the variables associated with the device of the Set function Exiting subordinate functions is handled the same way detecting a LEFT signal and will also loop until that signal is received All set functions will behave in the following way start with selection set to the highest option loop until LEFT signal received UP and DOWN signals will cause the selection to be incremented or decremented respectively and a RIGHT signal will cause the program to enter the selected subordinate set function Inside subordinate set functions UP and DOWN increment and decrement the related variable until a CENTER signal is received causing the program to exit the loop and return to the main module Set function ClockSet will act differently from the other functions in that along with exiting on a LEFT signal the input time will also be pushed out to the internal clock This is Page 109 done because there is no guarantee the user will finish changing settings in less than a minute of choosing the clock time It would be possible to track how much time elapses between choosing the clock time and exiting SetMode but this is adds unnecessary complexity and wastes resources The AlarmSet function will also need explicit code that converts the user s abstract selections of 7 day weekday wee
83. ceive connections on the LCD display will allow the device to communicate with the microcontroller These pin connections will be used when sending signals and data to the display from the microcontroller The microcontroller will also have the ability to read information off the LCD The software code to implement this will be discussed in the Software section of the document this will include the initial pseudo code The last pins to be connected will be the ground and reset Reset will be used to change the device back to the factory defaults This display will fit snugly onto the GuSu prototype case The UOLED 160 G1 will be facing on the front side of the case and this is where all interaction between the GuSu prototype and the user will occur Pushbuttons accompany the LCD display which will allow for configuration changes Seen in figure 5 2 2 1 is a sample of the connections being made between the uOLED 160 G1 and a microcontroller using the 5V system uOLED 96 G1 REG AR ARM STAMP uOLED 128 GMD1 any micro controller uOLED 160 GMD1 gt e ui z Rx Tx Rs 100 to 1000 Ohms Figure 5 2 2 2 The interface between the uOLED 160 G1 and a microcontroller Reprinted with permission from 4D Systems Page 51 4 x 3mm holes Ao 1mmk E B Emm www 4dsystems com au i 1 1 is a TH 5 ma 4 Induct n e F a IEEE EIU HERR UN z gt mg d E A a Revla c2008m m unie E Bu uSD Card 1
84. ch of the GuSu alarm device The mattress total weight including possible memory foam layer and sheets and pillows is less than 100 pounds Data was collected on the beds of the four team members and roommates to create a definite picture of the average college student s sleeping setup This data consisted of bed height bed length bed width and the distance from the edge of the bed facing the subject s current alarm to the alarm itself The data gathered is shown in the table 6 0 2 1 with the last row containing averaged values for reference Page 61 Distance to Surveyed Bed Height Bed Length Bed Width current Table 6 0 2 1 Table showing collected data on bed sizes and alarm distances 6 1 Research 6 1 1 Weight Sensing For sensing the weight of a bed occupant options include load cells force sensors and FlexiForce Load cells usually work by deformation to change electrical signals and are commonly used in structural sensing 3 Force sensors are thin plates used for measuring surface pressure and displacement 3 FlexiForce sensors are very thin circular force sensitive devices that produce lower resistance as the force applied increases 36 6 1 1 1 Load Cells Load cells could be placed beneath a mattress and can be purchased in sensitivity ranges beyond 5000 Ib loads This wide range of sensitivity makes measuring exactly how much weight has been added or removed from the sleeping area very feasible Three viable fo
85. ction of what each system performs each system having a different goal to accomplish Once these designs were looked into the GuSu project team got a better feel for how this design would be implemented and put into effect 2 0 Case Design The alarm clock needs to be enclosed in an aesthetically pleasing and durable case It will have a single SD card slot and removable back panel for access to the battery compartment The three options investigated are an ABS plastic box Plexiglas Lucite sheets or a wood case Page 10 2 1 ABS Plastic Enclosures ABS plastic boxes are readily available from online retailers and local home hobby stores such as radio shack They are sturdy water resistant and durable They are also non conductive The cases are available in clear to opaque colored boxes and available in a variety of sizes figure 2 1 1 Figure 2 1 1 Sample ABS enclosures from Polycase Inc Reprinted pending permission from Polycase Inc Pre built boxes are designed with holes for switches and buttons while providing thin walls allowing easier mounting of said buttons and switches This is also a drawback for ABS boxes The enclosure size of the box is also static and the PCB layout has not been finalized at this point The design calls for a device size of 12x4 but this could change based on further PCB designs and additions to system specifications The design calls for buttons to be mounted in a circular fashion which in ou
86. d be perfectly cooled or heated to their liking One more interesting feature that was implemented into the Lazy Home station was turning on and off lighting outside of the house The GuSu project team thought this was very intriguing because it allowed their users to turn on outside lights at night so it could seem like someone was at home even though no one was there Seen in figure 1 7 1 are two diagrams taken from Lazy Home The image on the left shows the Use Case diagram of the system and its respective feature components The image on the right shows the web interface that this team created to control the Lazy Home base station via the internet Page 8 Air Conditioning Settings Power on v Mode ac v 50 Aj Temperature eo 51 52 53 Submit at the module or at the base station Figure 1 7 1 UML diagram and web interface of the Lazy Home Senior Design project Reprinted pending permission from the Lazy Home UCF Senior Design group Other projects which were looked at were similar One was from a UCF senior design and another from Columbia University The name of the project at Columbia University was the OH800 3 an alarm clock that consisted of a base and a ball that would shoot out when the alarm was activated This project included a solenoid that would push the ball off of the base of the alarm clock and onto the floor which would disconnect the two magnetic switches This would launch a DC motor to
87. d the 3V step down If these voltages are at their correct values then so should all of the device voltages If there is a discrepancy between the voltage at a source and on the device there may be a problem with the PCB traces themselves It may be worth attempting to remove the trace and hard wire the voltage to the device Assuming the power system works as it should the battery backup test could be initiated afterwards Page 101 9 2 2 Battery Backup Battery backup is considered to be an integral part to the Get Up Stay Up alarm clock system This is because if the user decided that he she would like to sleep through the noise the only thing the user would have to do is remove the power plug from the wall That would kind of make the entire project pointless A worthwhile battery backup would not need to last long with the noise planned on coming out of it less than 5 minutes should be needed to fully wake any sleeper It is just important that the user cannot disable it easily so the battery backup would need to be encased with screws needed to remove the batteries The backup would also be able to keep the clock time set during short power outages The specifications for the device are that it is able to provide uninterrupted power for a full hour when unplugged from the wall with a fresh battery that it does not drain the battery when there is current flowing from the wall outlet and that there is minimal lag during the swi
88. dards required in the alarm clock ZigBee and Bluetooth are both IEEE ratified specifications that are readily available and Z Wave is proprietary but is currently used extensively for home automation applications All three topologies form a wireless personal area network Table 7 0 1 1 By using a standard transmitter receiver the need to design and test radio transmission for the transceivers is eliminated as the radios already comply with FCC Table 1 contrasts the three different topologies based on our needs Security Power Topology Range Bluetooth SAFER block 100mW Star point to 100m 802 15 1 Cipher class 1 point ZigBee 802 15 4 128 bit AES 1mW Star mesh 100m point to point Z Wave None required at 1mW Star mesh 30m proprietary application level point to point Table 7 0 1 1 Wireless Technologies Comparison Page 70 7 0 2 Research 7 0 2 1 Bluetooth Bluetooth is designed as a wireless replacement for wired RS 232 communication It is a low power communication protocol which maintains three classes Table 7 0 2 1 1 for radio transmission Class 1 devices met our design requirements for secure wireless communication but failed based on the power requirements for the device The data is transmitted using FHSS frequency hopping spread spectrum chopping the data and transmitting it on up to 79 different frequencies The data is transmitted over the ISM scientific and medical band running at 2 4 GHz short ran
89. del in the iHome lineup the iP9SR has the features listed in figure 5 3 1 1 f33 e Wake or sleep to iPhone iPod AM FM radio or buzzer e Universal dock with inserts to fit docking iPod models e Weekday weekend alarm settings e Programmable snooze times e Charges iPhone or iPod while docked e High fidelity stereo drivers in specially designed Reson8 speaker chambers deliver astounding clarity depth and power e Line in jack e Gradual Wake and Gradual Sleep increase decrease Alarm Sleep volume so as not to startle the user e Full function remote control controls unit and iPhone iPod menu functions e Dual alarm with AM FM presets e Bass treble 3D and balance controls for best sound e Extra large backlit custom LCD Display with dimmer e DST switch for quick daylight savings time adjustment e Backlit buttons Figure 5 3 1 1 List of features for an iHome Most of these features work towards offering the user a wide selection of options while making control of the device straightforward Widely recognizable symbols are used where ever possible to mark control buttons such as the power play pause and alarm 1 2 buttons scroll wheels with a center buttons which mimic the iPod s control interface are used for volume and numerical incrementing and decrementing and a large button that is as wide as the control area doubles as a snooze button and LCD back light dimmer The GuSu alarm system will take advantage of the computing p
90. ding alarm interrupt is enabled the external interrupt is driven high Data is transferred between the microcontroller and the RTC when the CE pin is driven high A single byte is transferred per clock cycle of SCLK at the shift edge when selecting read or writes to from registers Address and data bytes are shifted MSB first All transfers require address of the byte to indicate write read to the RTC or to the memory location which is followed by the data Once the register has been selected the data can be read in burst mode Each read write cycle causes the RTC to automatically increment each data member in the register until the device is disabled setting CE low One precaution is that while reading or writing in burst mode the address pointer will wrap around after reaching 1Fh for reading and 9Fh for writing to the clock It will also wrap around when accessing the RAM after reaching 7Fh for reading and FFh for writing Page 90 8 3 Implementation The DS 1305 is available in a 16 pin dual inline package making it easy to integrate into the PCB The design uses the SPI interface so the microcontroller will need to have SERMODE pin pin 9 connected to VCC pin 16 to enable the SPI interface The alarm clock system design includes a battery backup module for the entire system so Vgar pin 2 will be used and the pins for battery charging will be left open The module requires a 32 768 Hz crystal to be connected to X1 and X2 pins 3 and
91. do OASES PELNA ANTA ARREDONI SSN O 62 6 1 2 Distance Sensing 1 3 etes ines a so arena osi uns Pn Do aae e o ea ENS S ER DEREN RN E EEER Ee Pa Saga se aas an 65 6 1 3 Infrared o nero titer y Vr EE Ee Per sessesedencasoenscssesedsecsseeesesdeseassessaes cess 66 6 2 Impleirientation e r nerenin EEn toon oae eno Deanna o Pasar eS EENEN SEE RES 68 6 3 Sensor System Testing 0 ee orae ce eoru ee ee ean ea erar nn eoe nana Da eoa a en a oe agna ca ee aa aaa E raa Oa 70 7 0 Radio Frequency Transmission ssscccssssscccssssccccesssccccessccccacssceccacssssccacsssessansssseeoass 70 7 0 1 Design and Requirements ssscccssssccccssssccccasssccccacssceccacssceccansscsceanssssesansnss 70 fUPAVITIT IDE 7 7 0 3 Implementation sessar rerne erna eere o onere e Dana d otn e kae ook ae oo apa ke Ee penu ea eoa unen 76 70 4 EIDEM em 77 FOS TeSt PlAN sassscssesc cucvecdeacssedscasscasscsesssscdsedeanscevssssssseseasesouddshessessasscnwesessesessasecoussed 78 7 1 Remote Detection Unit s esesssssssseesosssssesessoesssssssessoesssssssessoesssssssessosossssssessesosse 79 7 1 1 Technical Objectives and Specifications eese eeee eese eese eese eene 79 MV GOS UT 79 7 1 3 input output ien eres Eiern stessa ee sa Fn aaa eH ERE DERE ndedsnecadereresccecenevetoneads 79 y din e H 79 p Cure LEES 79
92. duction of the design First off the research behind the design must be completed first which was discussed in section 1 4 After doing so the plan can be thought about much more One thing to point out is how the design s ability can conform to professional standards A number of points that can be taken into consideration are those of Page 4 the safety of the design the environmental friendliness and how the designs specifications coincide with any governmental laws or stipulations Once these different regulations are taken into account the design s architecture can be thought about The GuSu design will include various modules that are described throughout this technical document These devices were ordered off the internet and will be put into practice during the implementation phase of the design After receiving the parts the project team studied the various schematics and connections that would have to be made The central part of the design will include a PCB Printed Circuit Board that will allow all of these modules to link together The project team will understand the schematics of the devices and will have to create circuitry to allow these devices to talk to one another Team members Josh and Andrew attended a class given at UCF that would teach students to learn how to use the milling machine that would create these printed circuit boards After having a better understanding of how this machine creates these circuit boards
93. e devices were narrowed down to three different devices based on availability price customer support and ease of development Initially it was intended that the product was to be ZigBee compliant using the Home Automation Public profile but found that development costs were too high for this and chose to use just the IEEE 802 15 4 specifications 7 0 2 4 1 CC2430 Texas Instruments provides the largest number of ZigBee compliant devices and development kits The evaluation helped to narrow the selection down to the CC2480 as it is the chip included with the eZ430 RF2480 The development included an MSP430 coprocessor chip CC2480 radio This was our initial choice until software development costs were investigated Texas Instruments provides their Z stack API library for product development but no IDE for programming Texas Instruments in partnership with IAR provide and IDE which integrates with Texas instruments API but even with student discounts was 800 00 As the design was to be low cost this immediately eliminated any product from Texas instruments 7 0 2 4 2 XBee Our second choice was the XBee radio developed by Digi International Incorporated The chip provides UART communication using 802 15 4 The XBee PRO ZB figure 7 0 2 4 2 1 was the chosen module as it is ZigBee compliant if the group chooses to implement ZigBee compliance later on in our design and met all of our requirements for radio transmission Page 74 Figure
94. e did not match the hardware perfectly there would be problems when the time came to install them A list of how each piece of hardware would interface with the board was created and is recreated below in Table 11 2 1 Hardware Connection Method Microcontroller DIP 40 MP3 Decoder DIP 28 Clock DIP 16 FM Tuner DIP 18 Digital to Analog converter DIP 8 Zigbee DIP 20 Op Amp Dip 8 5V regulator TO 220 Variable regulator TO 220 PIR Wires to PCB Buttons Wires to PCB SD Card Reader Wires to PCB Batteries Wires to PCB LCD Wires to PCB Multiplexor Custom Buzzer Custom Table 11 2 1 The main pieces of hardware in the Gusu clock and the method that each would use to interface with the PCB Next each part was placed They were placed in a manner to reduce the crossing of lines as much as possible and to keep signals from interfering such as the FM tuner and the Zigbee device Of course with the quantity of signal lines needed it was impossible to keep any lines from crossing While the bottom layer of the PCB is a ground layer it was possible to trace out lines from the ground layer as well to reduce the problem However even using both layers it was impossible to cross all of the signal lines It was decided that a few wires would have to be used to cross over lines although the number to be used was kept to a minimum It was decided to make a majority of the signal traces 01 in width as that is sufficient to pass 300mA of current
95. e integrated including 16 capacitors The tuning is determined by three things the input voltage the variable coil L1 and the potentiometer The easiest way to set up the tuning for the user is to take the following steps 12 First for FM reception the input voltage should be around 4 5V to 5V 5V will be used as it is a common voltage level through the alarm clock Next the variable coil should be used to tune to the upper or lower frequency In the case of FM reception that would be 108 MHz or 88 MHz Finally the potentiometer can be used to fine tune the frequency between the specified ranges This potentiometer also does not need to be attached directly to the PCB it could be attached to the casing of the alarm clock with wires going to the PCB to be soldered on This would allow the user to change radio stations without opening the casing Page 30 Antenna Var d bc s tov a ees 3 3nf lt cto FMOUT R3 e inge Be UT Figure 4 2 2 2 1 Final design of the TDA7000 FM Tuner implementation Schematic created using ExpressSCH The antenna A1 can be built a couple of ways Ideally the clock will not have any exterior antennas An interior antenna can be used that is at least 10 cm long and to be on the safe side a longer one will likely be used Another important criterion would be a lack of interference and one other component in the clock could cause some se
96. e sensors still work properly and measure how long it can be kept functional by draining the batteries 4 Ensure that when the main device power supply is enabled no current is being drained by the batteries If this is the case it may be necessary to lower the voltage on that line as well as the Op Amp negative bias line they should be the same so that neither the positive nor the negative quantities of the audio signal would be amplified more than the other 9V batteries could be used in this case as opposed to the 12V batteries or 6 AA batteries as opposed to 8 AA batteries Assuming that the test plan worked as above the batteries would need to be replaced be checked for proper voltage levels and the device plugged back in to avoid draining the newer batteries 10 0 Software 10 0 1 Motivation In order to bring all of the systems and functions of the GuSu alarm system together in an automated fashion a form of logic must be built in to the system itself An incredibly complex artificial intelligence could serve to expand functionality and introduce auto calibration and so on But this is highly unnecessary as the requirements and design of the overall user interface and GuSu system provide ample flexibility for user preference and system performance The following sections discuss alternatives and software choices and then go on to explicitly describe the software that will be written for the GuSu system and how it will beha
97. e three minutes To avoid this scenario entirely however unlikely the GuSu unit s startup routine will do the following set clock to noon set clock alarm to null set all alarm and action durations to five Page 106 minutes and finally enter SetMode displaying the setting mode GUI menus on the LCD screen To further ensure a correct initialization and setup for the first run the user will be forced to either choose a setting for or deactivate each available alarm action and the alarm time must be set A subroutine of the SetMode will be included that allows the user to test run the alarm actions following the routine they have specified which can be stopped early and a mode for testing the sensor positioning by signaling when it detects their presence using the on board alarm buzzer Once the user has made their selections in SetMode they are allowed to enter RunMode and the GUI on the LCD screen will switch to the running display as described in section 5 4 RunMode will also have a subordinate mode named PlayMode which can be entered during any time not within the alarm time span and will be overridden if alarm time is reached Within this mode the user is allowed to play either FM radio or MP3 files from the on board SD card if it is present This is not a major requirement as it does not facilitate waking the user and or keeping them out of bed but many similar devices such as the iHome discussed before provide the user this op
98. ect power to the MP3 decoder chip and Secure Disk reader along with directing the audio lines to accept only signal from routed from the MP3 decoder to the GuSu system s speakers Play MP3 differs from other alarm actions in that if the function was entered from RunMode during a non alarm time then the MP3 audio files are played under PlayMode which allows the user to advance or move back a song and information about the audio file playing is also displayed on the LCD screen 10 2 3 3 Play FM Similar to Play MP3 Play FM must set multiplexer controls to route power to and audio from the FM tuner The FM tuner itself is relatively self contained and therefore does not require much interaction from the microcontroller directly The FM station tuning will be handled externally to the microcontroller and so no LCD output or passing of control information needs to be passed on to the tuner by the microcontroller This function can also be entered from PlayMode allowing the user to have the FM radio playing normally but will be overridden if alarm time comes Page 112 10 2 3 4 Sound Buzzer Two multiplexers will be set by this function one that passes power to the buzzer module and one that selects either the loud or soft buzzer depending on what user preference has been set If time allows during the build and test phase during the following semester an attempt will be made at adding the capability to slowly increase the volume of the lo
99. electronics com product 2 Reply Forward from GHI Electronics Support lt ghielec ghielectronics com gt hide details Apr 21 4 days ago y Reply Y to Matt O lt mattomorrow gmail com gt i date Tue Apr 21 2009 at 4 59 PM subject Re Question from College Student Hello That should be fine Regards GHI Support Team GHI Electronics LLC 35555 Garfield Rd Suite 2 Clinton township MI 48035 USA PH 1 586 693 2696 FAX 1 586 693 3449 WEB www ghielectronics com Show quoted text Page 131 Figure 4 2 4 2 1 Question from College Student inbox x Matt O to interfacebus c show details Apr 21 5 days ago Reply Yal Hello I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States I am writing you to ask permission to reprint some figures on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time hi www interfacebus com Secure Digital Card Pinout html Reply gt Forward from Leroy Davis lt interfacebus com gmail com gt hide details Apr 21 6 days ago Reply v to Matt O lt mattomorrow gmail com gt date Tue Apr 21 2009 at 3 26 PM subject Re Question from College Student mailed by gmail com Yes you may use images from that page Leroy Melbourne FL USA Show quoted text http www interfacebus com http www inte
100. en Regards Michael De Caro Corporate Marketing Manager Atmel Corporation Page 138 Figures Figure 8 2 2 1 Figure 8 2 2 2 I SPR 110591 Staff Response Maxim Support Center The most recent Maxim reply to your request follows below If you wish to reply you can use this fast secure webform https support maxim ic com rtd reply mvp id 110591 amp code 761F8 or you can reply via e mail When you reply by e mail do not modify the subject line It must contain the SPR number Your response text must be at the Very Beginning of your reply Staff Comment 2009 04 24 09 15 48 PST By Matthew H Joshua Thanks for asking Yes you can use the material from the website Please complete the attached form and return via mail or fax as instructed on the form Please attribute the quoted material with Copyright Maxim Integrated Products http www maxim ic com Used by permission Regards Matt Hurd Maxim Integrated Products http www maxim ic com Submit Request 2009 04 24 08 50 33 PST By rustytek gmail com To whom it may concern am writing to request use of ATmel images and documentation for the DS1305 for my senior design documentation will be using the block diagram from the datasheet and the pin layout images Thank you Page 139 FIGURE 6 1 1 1 1 and FIGURE 6 1 1 2 1 From Navid Mokhberi lt
101. ensor System Testing The sensor system must be tested in two stages on its own and as an input to the system In the first case an area should be marked on either a wall or floor approximating a bed and a person should enter and exit that area This should be done in a small room if possible to ensure that the sensor only returns a high signal when a subject is within the bed area and not just the room Once this has been tested any adjustments needed with respect to positioning and lens housing should be made Next measurements of the sensor s output voltage should be taken while experimenting further with positioning different persons if moving to the edge of the belt still results in a high signal and if moving towards or close to the bed also results in a high signal To avoid false positives the GuSu s internal software should ignore quick changes 7 0 Radio Frequency Transmission 7 0 1 Design and Requirements The project requires secure low power a range of 100 meters and two way wireless communications Security is a major requirement in order to prevent false triggers which could potentially lead to fires if the coffee machine should be turned on without any water in the machine The team researched many different topologies and specifications but three wireless specifications met the minimum requirements of the project There are many other protocols and available for use but the team felt the three listed provided the met the stan
102. ent of the GuSu system that the only way to silence the alarm in a timely fashion is to leave the bed 34 Most of these products such as the iHome and iLuv have a simple backlit LCD screen basic play skip stop controls for the attached mp3 device and just enough buttons for adjusting clock and alarm times The GuSu alarm system handles mp3 audio through the SD card slot and MP3 decoding module discussed in their sections of this document but still requires a method for time setting Most digital display alarm clocks use similar control methods as the iHome and iLuv involving holding down a button for either clock time or alarm time and tapping or holding a button for hours or minutes which increments the desired value In table 5 3 1 2 various available pushbuttons and keypads are compared for price and function SPBLK SPST Square on off Black Pushbutton Bn PLBLK Black Large Pushbutton pu ue O KEYSWITCHO1 Mini SPST Key Switch B 3 4 90 12 Button Small Keypad Switch 51mm Wide KEYPADSM 64mm High 7mm thickness 91 ix Page 55 a NT 45 KEYPAD4X4B 16 button keypad switch 75mm wide 80mm 81 high 17mm thickness General instrument snap action pushbutton NR PIDE SPST red lens can be lighted 5 16 mount 1 32 1 16 long 2 pole 5 amp contact pushbutton switch Cs al maintained contact Table 5 3 1 2 Table comparing basic options for pushbuttons and keypads A full thirty six button keyboard is unnecessary f
103. er if the current draw of the microcontroller does not indicate that it has gone into and woken up from sleep mode then it fails the test The sending of serial data will be tested by using the Page 18 development board serially linked to a computer main panel A simple application will be written and programmed into the microcontroller that will cause it to send predetermined data serially out of one of its ports A terminal on the computer will monitor the port and output what it receives over that line If the data received by the computer matches the data sent by the microcontroller then the test passes otherwise the test fails The receiving of serial data will be tested by using the development board serially linked to a computer The computer will send data serially and a simple program on the microcontroller will receive the data over the specified port and store it in RAM Monitoring software will then be used to read the value stored in RAM If the value matches the data sent by the computer then the test passes otherwise the test fails 4 0 Alarm Module 4 1 Block Diagram The alarm module will consist of an FM tuner an MP3 decoder an SD Card Reader an audio amplifier a speaker and a buzzer A multiplexer will need to be used to determine which audio output passes to the audio amplifier and it will be controlled by the microcontroller as will the buzzer A block diagram of the Alarm Module is shown in Figure 4 1 1
104. er option would be to power both the XBee module and the microcontroller at 3 3V as previously mentioned with a single 3 3V DC wall wart If the power problems prove difficult to implement there are multiple manufactures which produce ZigBee compatible relay switches which can be controlled by the alarm clock 7 2 1 4 Software The software will only need to handle controlling simple communication with the XBee module and enabling and disabling three separate I O Pins As discussed in the Clock System by using similar microcontrollers the group will be able to save time and money in development and cost By using a similar architecture the group will not need to learn new programs for development and buy separate development boards 7 2 1 5 Physical Package The microcontroller for the alarm clock includes a number of pins and features that are not necessary for the clock but ATMEL makes a number of microcontrollers that support the same 8 bit RISC architecture with smaller footprints Page 83 7 2 2 Research Since the group will be restricting the microcontroller to an Atmel device the following device topologies from Atmel will be contrasted The first device is the ATiny 2313 7 2 2 1 ATtiny 2313 The Atmel ATtiny 2313 met the requirements all of the requirements set forth in the previous section It is capable of handling UART communication with the XBee module and has multiple digital I O pins for controlling the relay It ca
105. ernal 12V cigarette power adaptor to be plugged into the automobile Being that there are very few components in the system it will be mountable in a small enclosure The soap box enclosure figure 7 1 7 1 available from Sparkfun com will be large enough to contain all of the devices Page 80 Figure 7 1 7 1 Soap Box Case for remote detection unit Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun Electronics Since the remote sensor system will not include a microprocessor all of the processing will be performed at the master controller unit alarm clock The alarm clock will send out the network discovery command every thirty seconds If the remote module is determined to be in the process of leaving the network by measuring a decreasing RSSI signal strength the alarm clock system will decrease the ping time to 6 seconds It will not be set lower than six seconds as this is the timeout period for the network discovery command Once three successive pings have been acknowledged with three successively decreasing signal strengths have been received the system will consider that the node has left the network In order to minimize the network traffic the ping time will be set to 30 minute intervals during non alarm time interval The alarm time interval will be defined as the time period between 30 minutes before alarm wake up time to an hour and a half after alarm trigger The circuit is quite simple figure 7 1 7 2 and will be built with a perfbo
106. facturer and the market They offer multiple devices with program memory in the range of 4 256 Kb data memory from 256 2048 Kb and packages which range from 28 100 pins The ATmega can operate at as high as 20 MIPS at a clock rate of 20 MHz although the system will be using a real time clock with timers the chip also has the counters for use in embedding timing functions Both internal and external interrupts are supported which will allow event driven communication over ZigBee and sensor monitoring The required voltage supply can be anywhere from 1 8 to 5 5 volts with a current drawing between 250uA to 1uA which falls in the range of other modules within the system This will lower costs by lowering costs in power system design ATmega also support boot loaders which will permit remote upgrading and there are also multiple resources available online for working with Atmel chips and they are inexpensive Development Software is also provided free of charge 3 2 2 1 Input output There are multiple members of the Atmel mega family of microcontrollers that have at least 20 input output pins two serial interfaces and an SPI interface The maximum frequencies supported by these chips ranges from 4MHz to 20MHz Page 15 3 2 2 2 Power As illustrated in Figure 3 2 2 2 1 the operating voltage for all of the chips is either 1 8V 5 5V or 2 7V 5 5V The difference in minimum operating voltages varies depending on the chip selected The A
107. files such as music and audio files This will connect to the MP3 decoder which can then decipher the audio files and output them to the speaker Included with the audio components will also be a FM Tuner so the user has the option of listening to FM radio One of the last major components is the addition of the wireless ZigBee module which will interact with the Coffee Machine This will allow the Coffee Machine to brew its coffee at the time when GuSu alarm sounds The external casing design will probably be the easiest part of the design to make This will be the housing for all of the electronic components to fit neatly Page 120 together The LCD display will be shown through the front of the housing and have push buttons near the display to control the menu system The power and battery backup systems will also be involved with this part of the design To power the device it will be plugged into a standard AC wall outlet and also have a battery backup system The purpose of the backup system is if a power outage occurs the GuSu alarm clock will still have power to wake the user up in the morning Inside of the housing the components will be connected to a Printed Circuit Board to have control of the devices Shown on the next page in Figure 13 1 is a schematic of the Printed Circuit Board for the GuSu design showing all of the components the team has selected to work with one another The final integration test of the project will be t
108. ge frequency band Class Maximum Permitted Power Range Approximate mW dBm Class1 100 mW 20 dBm 100 meters Class2 2 5 mW 4 dBm 710 meters Class3 1 mW 0 dBm 71 meter Table 7 0 2 1 Bluetooth Classes Bluetooth supports a number of protocols including but not limited to dial up networking profile DUN Personal Area Networking profile PAN and the service port profile SPP The profiles of interest to the group include the PAN profile and the SPP profile The PAN profile describes how two or more Bluetooth enabled devices can form an ad hoc network and how the same mechanism can be used to access a remote network through a network access point Using this protocol the alarm clock would function as the server and the coffee machine as the end device The Bluetooth protocol supports up to seven clients at a time This would allow a small expansion to other devices connected to the alarm clock such as a light lamp switch or using received signal strength indication RSSI a Bluetooth transceiver could be used to detect when a device such as a key chain has left the network range This could be used to develop an algorithm to determine optimal wake up time to allow the end user to sleep until it was necessary to get out of bed based on average times of departures The other profile which could be potentially used is the SPP profile This profile creates a one to one interface between the server and client using virtual serial ports T
109. gt gt Business Development Associate gt gt navid futek com gt gt gt gt FUTEK Advanced Sensor Technology Inc gt gt 10 Thomas Irvine CA 92618 gt gt V 949 297 9660 gt gt F 949 465 0905 gt gt Toll 800 23 FUTEK gt gt www futek com gt gt Page 142 gt gt From koyapb earthlink net mailto koyapb earthlink net gt gt Sent Sat 3 21 2009 10 14 AM gt gt To Navid Mokhberi gt gt Subject website image inquiry gt gt gt gt Hello gt gt gt gt My name is Philip Bell gt gt I am a Computer Engineering student at the Universitty of Central gt gt Florida in Orlando Florida gt gt gt gt I am emailing to request permission to use some of the product images gt gt for a senior design project documentation Please let me know any gt gt additional information you need from me Thank you gt gt gt gt Philip Bell gt gt koyapb earthlink net gt gt gt Page 143 Figure 4 2 3 2 1 From Paul Stoffregen lt paul pjrc com gt Date March 24 2009 11 20 35 PM EDT To koyapb earthlink net Subject Re Fwd website image inquiry Did you have any specific image in mind In general we don t mind if you use material from the pjrc com website for educational non profit purposes Of course if you require specific affirmative permission to use an image you need to be specific about which image and how you re using it Robin
110. he decoder These two functions will be the read and write operations The write mode will write a certain types of bytes to a particular address on the decoder while the read mode is the opposite in reading data from those addresses A configuration file is provided by STMicroelectronics that will help define the addresses that are used in the STAO13 registers which were not previously defined in the data sheets provided by STMicroelectronics The team will need to transmit this file to the MP3 decoder to update these addresses on the registers After that matter in question is dealt with the team will be mostly concerned about sending data to the decoder so it can output it to the audio speakers Sending MP3 data to the decoder via the microcontroller seems easy enough The decoder will not care about the MP3 bit rate of the files it should use the data at a certain speed and then send a request signal when more data is needed The request will be terminated once the STAO13 s buffers are full One good feature about the STAO13 is that it will ignore all other files except for MP3s and can even handle damaged MP3 files without corrupting the chip One other thing to keep in mind is that the decoder cannot distinguish between different MP3 files so software code will need to be implemented on the microcontroller to so that the decoder will be able to tell the difference between different audio files Q SRC INT TI T x TESTEN SCANEN D98AUSSS F
111. he major advantages is the high contrast ratio which can be up to 20 times the amount as a normal TFT display The purpose of the contrast ratio is that it is a ratio of the luminance of the bright color being white to the darkest color being black A higher contrast ratio will provide a more detailed and fine picture than something with a low ratio Another great benefit is the response time of the OLED screen These displays can have an astonishing 50 microsecond response time while the normal TFT LCDs have somewhere in the range of 3000 to 30000 microseconds 80 Power consumption is also considerably less than TFT because in the TFT displays a backlight must always be on to show images on the display while the OLED uses a black background to minimize power utilization Knowing these facts about power consumption will also help with the changing economies and the green movement With the world s energy crisis at hand more and more people are turning to energy efficient products and the OLED provides that over the TFT displays Now even with all of these advantages there are also disadvantages that come with them The major one would be the price since the OLED is more expensive to manufacture it is obvious that these displays will cost more The other drawback being the display s lifetime the average lifetime of an OLED display is about 20000 hours whereas the TFT displays get about 50000 hours of use Shown in figure 5 2 1 3 are sample pict
112. he most important tests to perform to make sure the prototype functions correctly The final test will most likely be a culmination of all of the other tests combined Working in a logical and sequential order the main components will first be tested and then the other component modules will be added on step by step The team will be using the UCF labs and breadboards to experiment with all of the components The first device to be tested will be the microcontroller since this is the heart of the prototype The other modules will be added onto the microcontroller one by one After one device successfully works with the microcontroller the team will wire and solder up that component and this will continue until all devices are tested and then connected After all contacts are made and are working properly the software testing will begin Software coding will be the last tests made on the devices The code that will be implemented onto the GuSu prototype will be the control factor for all of the components These devices can be connected with ease but without software to control the design the final outcome would be useless The parts that have been ordered for the prototype will be here in time for Senior Design II which the GuSu team members will be taking in the summer of 2009 This final class will be the ultimate goal for the GuSu team and the entire semester will be spent testing and configuring the GuSu prototype Page 121 aaqy3adg Tag I
113. hes to be awoken and made to leave their sleeping area A small stand could be constructed or a camera tripod included that allows the user to position the infrared sensor on any flat surface and aim it at their bed if they prefer this over drywall mounting and have such a position available 6 1 3 1 Infrared Lenses Most lenses used with infrared such as Fresnel lenses are made to gather and focus so as to allow a small sensor to cover a wide area especially in respect to security monitoring In this case the sensor is meant to cover a specific area no larger than the size of a bed and not too small that it would allow a sleeping or waking occupant to be undetected on the bed Glass housing would both eliminate infrared radiation from sources outside of the area of interest and make the sensor less noticeable however using such would make production expensive and the sensor unit fragile and possibly dangerous violating basic requirements of the system Infrared sensors components lenses and pre made circuits for infrared motion sensing are available from many companies and in differing configurations For quick reference during final design and build table 6 1 3 1 1 was created in case parts need to be changed Part No Description Specifications Price Supplier PIR_D203B Infrared Radial Supply 3 15V 1 90 31 Sensor 120 vertical 110 horizontal PIR_D203S Directional Supply 3 15V 1 90 31 Infrared Radial 125
114. his would be the optimal communication protocol for our devices as the microcontrollers supports this profile and the Bluetooth devices would emulate the serial transmission between devices The drawback to Bluetooth devices is the expense in the development and the limited availability of development kits Sparkfun an online retailer provides a Bluetooth development kit One in particular meets the SPP specifications The Roving Networks Bluetooth module supports the SPP profile and is available in a DIP The device does require an Page 71 RS 232 TTL converter to communicate with the microcontroller The device is expensive costing 59 95 and the project would require a minimum of two devices for the current implementation 7 0 2 2 Z Wave Z Wave is very similar to the ZigBee specification in that it allows mesh networking between devices and was designed for home automation and sensor networks It evolved from the 802 15 4 consortium and is now adopted by more than 200 companies 45 Zensys the parent company of Z Wave uses the same PHY and MAC layers as ZigBee but implements a_ proprietary Application Framework layer Z Wave operates in the sub gigahertz range and is used for low data rate transmission The low data rate is used for on off commands for devices such as light switches and remote controls Metadata can also be transmitted Since the operating frequency at the 900 MHz frequency range is not prone to the commonly used 2 4
115. hrough a small screw on the side of the component a potentiometer As the screw is twisted clockwise the output voltage is reduced The efficiency is rated at 92 although with only two smaller components drawing from the 3V source it should not matter too much Same is true for the max current flow which is 1A The final schematic for this step down is found in Figure 9 2 1 2 4 Page 100 DE SWADJI Figure 9 2 1 2 4 The voltage step down device Schematic created with ExpressSCH PCB implementation will be discussed in Chapter 10 9 2 1 3 Test Plan It will be important to know that all of the different devices in the GUSU clock are able to operate off the main power supply without needing to draw current from the backup The following test procedure should ensure this 1 2 3 Remove backup battery supply keeping the 12V battery B3 installed for the biasing of the Op Amp Turn on the clock Begin testing each of the components the test plan for each component should be found in each components respective section Using a voltmeter test the voltages at Vcc or Vdd and ground for each of the components found in Table 9 2 1 2 1 the device power requirements list This is especially important if any devices fail their tests and it is not readily apparent that the problem is with the device itself If there are any problems trace them back to the sources i e the 12V input the 5V voltage regulator an
116. icked up In this case that would be all FM stations that are broadcast from the Orlando area The tuning needs to be relatively easy for the user to do with a user interface on the outside of the alarm clock housing unit allowing access to change the stations This could be done with an analog knob or two buttons depending on the method of reception The radio should be able to tune at every 200kHz frequency interval from 87 5 MHz to 107 9 MHz which is the frequency range for broadcast FM radio in America lt is also important that the radio is properly selective The radio will also output to the LCD screen the radio station that is being played when it is on 4 2 2 1 Research The process of integrating an FM Tuner into the clock begins with identifying the various alternatives that are available Through researching online it became apparent that there were two main ways to do this Several circuits could be built from scratch and connected or a partially or completely prebuilt receiver could be purchased There are many different circuits that could be built from scratch from a somewhat simple single transistor receiver to more complex super heterodyne receiver circuits The most common radio receiver today and it has been for well over 50 years is the super heterodyne receiver short for supersonic heterodyne receiver 9 A block diagram of the important elements of this receiver is shown below in figure 4 2 2 1 1 Preekxtx Limi
117. icrocontroller is pin 2 and it will be connected to pin 2 on the XBee module There will be two LED s on the coffee machine The first will indicate if the coffee machine is in the on state i e coffee is brewing or already brewed This LED will be connected to a digital output pin on the microcontroller The second LED will be connected to pin 6 on the XBee module to indicate data transmission This will give an indication to the user that the system has successfully linked up The details of the coffee system are in the 7 2 7 0 5 Test Plan The microcontroller will only be using the UART mode of the XBEE modules For testing the function and communication the group will use two XBee USB to serial adaptors The devices will be configured as listed in the implementation section above Using a windows DOS terminal the microcontroller will send a series of commands and verify receipt of the command This will be tested from both devices Page 78 7 1 Remote Detection Unit 7 1 1 Technical Objectives and Specifications In order to optimize the wake up time for the user the group decided to implement a remote detection system The device would be a wireless transmitter receiver that the alarm clock would ping at set intervals to detect when it was out of range Initial suggestions were using a key chain system that would run on battery power Upon determining the power requirements of the XBee module this would not be a viable choice a
118. ight ranges and come standard up to 100 Ib sensitivity 37 A convenient property of FlexiForce sensors is their sensitivity range can be tuned based on drive voltage and the feedback resistor connected in the circuit This allows a maximum of 1000 pounds to be measured once again making detecting different users and preventing false positives feasible These devices also come in a thickness of approximately 0 005 and as the name implies are very flexible reducing conditions for installation to a matter of positioning FlexiForce sensors are also rated to handle forces up to 10 000 psi removing any worry of damage throughout normal use Figure 6 1 1 3 1 FlexiForce IMAGE Reprinted with permission from Tekscan Inc The arrangement and number of sensors needed depends on the sensitivity range of the FlexiForce strip With the assumption that the user s total bed weight above the sensors is under 100 pounds and assuming FlexiForce strips Page 64 rated for 100 pound maximum force simply detecting in several locations a maximum load would be sufficient for proper sensing of an occupant However this would make it near impossible to distinguish between two occupants and how many have left the bed If custom FlexiForce strips are ordered the system could be programmed and calibrated to not only detect that a user s weight has been added or removed from the bed but also could be programmed by the user for the approximate weight of any
119. igure 4 2 3 2 2 Block diagram of the STA013 hardware partitioning Reprinted pending permission from STMicroelectronics Page 37 Shown in figure 4 2 3 2 2 is a block diagram showing the STAO13 MP3 decoder hardware partitioning As seen in the diagram the decoder is controlled through the I2C interface The data will be sent through the input buffer and then each subsequent package within the decoder At the center of these stages the audio is decoded using the MPEG 2 5 Layer decoder and then passed to the output buffer where the data can be sent to the audio speakers Although the STAO13 will not care about ID3 tags on the MP3s they will most likely be used to organize the MP3 files on the SD Card The ID3 tags are data containers within the MP3 file format that can tell information about the audio files such as the artist name or song name along with other information Most likely these tags will be used in junction with the LCD display When songs are played from the SD Card the microcontroller will read the ID3 tags and display them to the LCD display where the user can read what song or audio file is playing Overall there will be a lot of implementation to get the MP3 decoder to work jointly with the SD Card the microcontroller and the LCD display but it is a crucial part of the design for the GuSu prototype 4 2 3 3 Test Plan To test the functionality of the MP3 decoder the team will use a breadboard either owned by one of the team
120. igure 5 2 2 2 are the dimensions of the uOLED 160 G1 LCD display with a diagonal length of just about 1 7 inches The cost of this display was set at around 100 which is pretty pricey but not out of the teams budget Some of the specifications of the uOLED 160 G1 LCD display are as follows The display will have a native resolution of 160x128 pixels and 256 65K true color This screen does not have any backlighting which is ideal for what this design is trying to accomplish the imagery is near perfect having a 180 degree viewing angle The uOLED 160 G1 will use a voltage supply from 3 6V to 6V Although the standard that will be used will either be 3 6V or 5V depending on whether or not the SD memory card will be used along with the display The micro SD memory card will allow for images or animations to be displayed on the LCD allowing a range of 64Mb to 2 GB memory cards To connect this device to the microcontroller that was chosen a simple 5 pin interface is included on the Page 50 LCD display These 5 pins account for the VCC TX RX GND and RESET connections and will be connected to the microcontroller via SPI interface Interfacing of the uOLED 160 G1 to the microcontroller will be pretty straight forward The display will be connected via the SPI interface and five pins will be used on the LCD to power and connect this device VCC will be set in the range of 3 6V to 5V to power the display The TX and RX which will transmit and re
121. igure 7 2 3 1 Circuit Diagram for Coffee Machine System 120 Vrms 60 Hz 0 As the only DC power supply available in the coffee machine system is 3 3V a 3V relay must be used The only available relay found during research was the Omron G6C 2114P US DC3 It can handle a resistive load at 10 amps and 240 VAC The software for the system is very simple Once power is applied to the coffee machine system the XBee module joins the network using previously defined connection settings which is described in the Radio communication section The system then goes into low power idle mode waiting for user input from the local power toggle or a transmission from the alarm clock The activity diagram below figure 7 2 3 2 outlines the functions of the system Invalid p command i Toggle switch applied Serial Command Received Serial Command Received Figure 7 2 3 2 Activity diagram for coffee machine system Page 86 As you can see the coffee system is quite simple Verifying transmission is handled by echoing back the message to the alarm clock system and receiving the same instruction previously received This assists in preventing false triggers and thus potential fires The coffee machine has a built in temperature regulator so this does not need to be monitored by the system A single counter is started once the button is pressed or the correct serial command is received fr
122. information in stereo dual channel or mono sound types The STAO13 can be run off of 3 3V helps with the GuSu design because this is low voltage for a decoder Surprisingly enough the STA013 has very low power consumption at 85mW and also a lower clock frequency than the other MP3 decoders that were Page 34 researched running at 10 MHz A key feature that caught the eyes of the team members was the I2C interface capability Having essentially used all of the uART and SPI interface pins on the microcontroller there were a few digital pins left for I2C interface Being that the STAO13 would be the only component module that would be running on 12C this was a great addition to the GuSu development Pricing on the STAO13 was set at around an average of 20 00 which lined up with the other decoders looked at Since all of the decoders were about the same price and due to the fact that the team needed a device with I2C operation the STAO13 would be the right decoder for the price and features The STAO13 has two modes of operation it can work in either Multimedia mode or Broadcast mode In the Multimedia operation mode the STAO13 will decode the incoming MP3 data streams and output them to the speaker with much ease This type of operating is controlled by buffer management that is embedded on the software within the decoder While operating in the other mode the STAO13 will receive a data stream but has to check that the bit rate of the incoming MP
123. ired in the following order UP RIGHT DOWN LEFT In the interest of ease of programming the GuSu system will be built using off on pushbuttons and for now will be designed around the SPST round off on black pushbuttons available from Futurlec These have a mounting diameter of 10mm and height of 20 5mm Figure 5 3 2 1 is a stock photograph of the pushbutton followed by theoretical schematics of the pushbutton layout Figure 5 3 2 1 Stock Photo of Pushbutton Reprinted with permission from Futurlec Page 57 5 3 4 Physical User Interface Test Plan A small program shall be written to run on the micro controller which gives simple LCD outputs indicating what logical direction UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT CENTER is being interpreted from pushbutton signals to ensure that pin assignment and circuitry is correct for all five pushbuttons If delays occur with getting the LCD unit fully functional an LED can be wired to a spare pin on the micro controller and programmed to use either blinks or light up durations to indicate which pushbutton has been pressed 5 4 Graphical User Interface The graphical user interface will be run by software downloaded to the on board micro controller It will be displayed to the user on the LCD screen that has been chosen and controlled by the pushbuttons discussed earlier For the five push buttons to be able to control everything necessary for daily operation the GUI will emulate a branch model for menu ha
124. kend and every day for the alarm timing modes In the case of 7 day the user s chosen times are saved to the alarmTimes array to the correct slot For weekday weekend the first five time slots are filled with the chosen weekday alarm times while the last two slots are saved with the chosen weekend alarm time If every day is selected then one time is saved to all spaces in the array The XbeeSet function will require a TestXbeeConnection function which makes an attempt at connecting with any Zigbee devices in range and informs the user of what it successfully connected to The final two functions in SetModeare TestMode and BeginRun TestMode as mentioned above executes what would occur during alarm time if the user was detected in bed this mode is exited if a LEFT signal is detected and will output to the user what it is doing and for how long while BeginRun calls RunMode RunMode interprets all global variables one by one first examining the alarm time settings and pushing the next desired alarm time to the internal clock To perform this the software must first check what the current day is and if the alarm time for that day has passed or not If it has not passed than the time for the current day is pushed to the clock if it has passed then the alarm time for the next day is pushed to the clock At the end of each alarm time span the next desired alarm time is retrieved from the alarmTimes array and pushed to the clock During alarm time spa
125. l area networking or WPAN developed for sensor and automation applications There are three different types of ZigBee devices the ZigBee network coordinator the ZigBee router and the ZigBee end device The coordinator links act as the master controller and links router and end devices They form a tree network which can be seen in figure 7 0 2 3 1 The mesh uses a self healing star topology figure 7 0 2 3 2 that allows the short range multi hopping communication between nodes Page 72 Alarm Clock Coffee Machine ATmegal68P Figure 7 0 2 3 1 ZigBee Radio Transmission Each ZigBee network can support 65 000 nodes with a single coordinator The ZigBee specification lists the data transmission rate to be 250 Kbps but with transmission overhead the available bandwidth is 94 Kbps which is plenty for our device Hibernating ZED ZigBEe End Node Napping ZED ZigBEe End Node ZigBee Router ZR O Coordinator Figure 7 0 2 3 2 Zigbee network node type Reprinted pending permission from Ember 7 0 2 3 1 ZigBee Protocol ZigBee builds upon the IEEE 802 15 4 standard They implement four main layers network layer application layer ZigBee device objects ZDO s and manufacturer specific application objects to the MAC and PHY layers The ZDO s are the essential core to the ZigBee network The ZDO layer is accountable for maintaining device roles security device discovery and network joining request
126. l leaves the person with a snooze or turn off method for the alarm and perhaps after a few weeks will become very adept at whatever task Page 2 must be performed to silence the alarm and now have not only spent time dealing with the alarm but also gone back to bed thus resulting in even more delay to their morning routine An alarm clock serves three purposes waking the user when they wish to be awoken getting the user out of bed and waking them in a non harmful or disorientating way These three requirements can be further broken down in the following way The alarm clock obviously must be able to keep track of time and let the user decide what time they want to wake up Waking up the user alone is not enough the ideal alarm clock ensures that the user also gets up and out of bed in a timely fashion and stays out of bed by having no snooze or off button in essence preventing both oversleeping and snoozing Finally users have different needs and preferences for being roused from slumber For example some individuals require sudden often loud or jolting methods while others wake better to a slow process such as subtle music or talk radio followed by lights coming on scents of coffee or an old fashioned alarm tone signifying the time to get up has passed 1 2 Solution Building a clock from the ground up that has no snooze or off button and removing any direct action on part of the user that can silence the alarm is the fi
127. lacement guide and many other features It will definitely be considered when selecting the program to use Another fabrication company that stands out from the rest is ExpressPCB Using the same criterion as with the previous board a price estimate is important From their website they use a formula to determine the final price rather than tables The formula they use is 55 0 65 NumberOfBoards BoardArealnSquarelnches 1 00 NumberOfBoards Shipping 62 With ordering 2 boards with no silkscreen or soldermask layers and a shipping fee of 9 85 for 2 Day air the only readily available shipping quote it may be possible to get it cheaper with slower delivery this comes out to 171 If only one board were needed this total would be 118 This is significantly higher than PCB123 s price although ten of it may be removable in unnecessary shipping costs This fabrication company also offers some free software to design the PCBs with This software does not come with the vast library that PCB123 s software does but it does come with a basic schematic editor as well ExpressSCH This is Page 115 extremely handy Using schematic software that is more similar to pSPICE is enticing as the group has plenty of experience in using that software The schematic when completed can be linked into when using the PCB software ExpressPCB The pins are all linked to and if the naming is used consistently the ExpressPCB sof
128. lay will have two modes RUN and SET The names are self explanatory however figures 5 4 1 and 5 4 2 show an hypothetical layout and list of what will be shown when the GuSu is in RUN mode respectively Figures 5 4 3 and 5 4 4 present a hypothetical layout for a setting screen and a hierarchical list of the SET mode s branch menus Page 58 ll 45 Tuesday MP3 TRACKING ZigBee LoudBuzz Loff b 30 am Figure 5 4 1 Example Running GUI Display Current Time in large display format Alarm Time List of chosen alarm actions Average Time to Departure if it has been tracked How many times Time to Departure has been tracked Currently playing MP3 info during PlayMode Figure 5 4 2 Running Display Info List Clock Set HOUR Li MINUTE AM PM WEEKDAY Tuesday Figure 5 4 3 Example Setting GUI Display e Clock Set O O O O Hour Minute AM PM Weekday e Alarm Set O O Q O Weekday Weekend 7 day Everyday Hour Minute AM PM Page 59 o Duration Alarm Actions o FMtuner Order of action If first action select before or at alarm time if before alarm time select how early before Duration o Play MP3s Order of action If first action select before or at alarm time if before alarm time select how early before Duration o Tone alarm Order of action If first action select before or at alarm time if before alarm time select how early before Duration o
129. ld be used to achieve this voltage but if it were not necessary then it would be simpler to avoid that Further searching found a 12mm slightly larger 2 3 kHz PCB buzzer with a sound output of 85 dB minimum and a maximum current of 30mA This was the WST 1205S manufactured by Soberton Inc It requires a supply voltage of 4 6V which would be ideal for this group It runs 1 81 each at Digi Key com The buzzer will be activated whenever a voltage is passed through it Because of this the microcontroller must pass the 5V whenever the buzzer is needed A schematic of the buzzer is shown in Figure 4 2 1 2 1 and the 5VM is controlled by the microcontroller Figure 4 2 1 2 1 Buzzer schematic Schematic was made using ExpressSCH Page 20 4 2 1 2 Audio Amplifier Once the input is chosen the audio will need to be amplified This could be done by a simple non inverting setup of an Op Amp operational amplifier The most common Op Amps used are the 4558 or 1458 models which are available for roughly 0 29 to 0 49 each There are many different brands of these but they are all of the same utility The gain would of course be dependent on the desired audio output and on the audio inputs The gain cannot be large enough to saturate the Op Amp though which would occur around 10 or 11 V if the Op Amp was biased at 12V Figure 4 2 1 2 1 below shows a basic non inverting Op Amp biased at 12V with a gain of 100 This gain was found usi
130. le of the Si4704 05 models with necessary components included is shown below in figure 4 2 2 1 5 O lt S u at uw x iu Z Figure 4 2 2 1 5 A block diagram of the Si4704 05 FM tuner Notice the few needed external components Reprinted with permission from Silicon Labs These models all seem to be difficult to order just one of most of the authorized retailers require minimum purchases of over 2500 parts Digi Key had none available of any of the above models Avnet Memec had only the Si4709 and the Si4703 part readily available for 13 75 a piece Nu Horizons had none of the above and Mouser Electronics had the Si4704 for 9 21 The final part chosen if any of the above would depend on the characteristics given in the above paragraph Silicon Labs was similarly helpful when contacted about the group s project They responded promptly to emails and their local sales liaison quickly replied Page 29 with the datasheets latest device errata tips for PCB layout and information on the embedded antenna A third option that could be possibly implemented would be from Silicon Labs as well As of now this project is not planning on supporting a USB reader If that changes Silicon Labs does manufacture an FM Tuner that is embedded into a USD card 11 This looks to be used mainly for computer operating systems using their software to decode and play the music however it is reasonable to assume that it could be c
131. le would in the event of power failure loss transmit the correct date and time to the microcontroller without requiring the user to set the time This would simplify the programming of the microcontroller by limiting the implementation of the user interface This the most desirable choice but the availability of clock modules is very limited In fact only one such module could be found that was available for purchase This was the CME6005 made by C Max Time Solutions It is an IC that requires external antennae design and fabrication and research has shown that the device is fairly unreliable The cost of the radio clock module and complexity of including it in our design is also Page 87 much greater than a real time clock module eliminating this option from project consideration 8 2 2 Real Time Clock The alarm clock will contain a real time clock RTC module This will allow the clock to maintain time date and alarm settings in the event of power failure The RTC will also provide a number of integrated features which can be used in our system The countdown timer can be used to begin counting when the alarm goes off and gradually increase the volume of the alarm until the user gets out of bed There are many interfaces available but in order to keep the complexity and cost of the system low the group opted for a real time clock with an SPI interface As with the other components a dual inline package will be chosen Two devices
132. ll being roughly the size of a quarter in length and width and maybe half that size tall Not needing the external parts that the above LM3350 would need makes a big difference in the PCB design 9 2 1 2 Implementation Strategy For this project it was decided to use a 12V DC wall wart to provide the power This is convenient mainly because of the Op Amps that require a 12V and 12V biasing The 5V regulator should perform just as well with the 12V incoming as it would with the 9V The wall wart to be used will be converted from an older wireless network router wall wart that is rated at 12V DC up to 1A The part that used to be plugged into the router will be split and the 12V and ground lines will be soldered to the PCB to provide for the power rail and ground plane It is important before going further to know the voltage and current requirements of all of the devices to be used in the clock Together they cannot exceed the ability of the power supply to deliver it Table 9 2 1 2 1 shows the separate devices and their power requirements that are known from researching their datasheets unknown values will be determined experimentally when the devices arrive Page 98 Device Voltage Req DC Current Req Active Microcontroller 2M 5V 10 mA FM Tuner 4 5V 5V 8mA LCD Screen 4V 6V 10 115 mA typ 40 PIR Sensor 3V 5V 100uA Buzzer 4V 6V 30 mA Mp3 Decoder 2 4V 3 6V lt 30 mA SD Card Reader 3V Clock Timer 2
133. lm Transistor Most LCD displays that are seen in stores and used with computers are TFT displays but the OLED display has many advantages over the TFT To understand why the OLED works the way it does a figure is provided to help the reader understand why it works Organic material is placed between an anode and a cathode which is composed of electric conductive materials By applying a voltage through the organic materials holes and electrons are injected to and from the anode and cathode in which luminescence will occur To understand why the OLED is a better fit an understanding of TFT displays must be discussed The TFT is a special kind of field effect transistor in which films of a specific type of semiconductor are used as both the active and dielectric layers sitting upon a substrate usually made of glass Page 48 Structure Cathode Emissive Layer Organic Molecules or TEA Polymers p Conductive Layer Organic Molecules or rd Polymers d Anode b D M FF Substrate Figure 5 2 1 2 The hardware structure of an OLED display Reprinted pending permission from HowStuffWorks com Figure 5 2 1 2 shows the structure of an OLED display This display was suited well for interfacing with the microcontroller having an uncomplicated and straight forward approach to connecting it to the microcontroller There are many advantages that the OLED display has over the TFT and those will be discussed briefly One of t
134. ly 9V more likely it will rise and fall somewhere between 8 5 to 9 5 V 53 This somewhat DC voltage needs to be both dropped down to the needed voltage around 3 3V to 5V and cleaned up so it will be a steady flat voltage rather than one with ripples This can easily be accomplished with the use of a regulator A common three pin regulator is shown below in figure 9 2 1 1 2 Page 93 FO 220 GND 1 Input 1 2 GND 3 Output Figure 9 2 1 1 2 A common three pin regulator Picture reprinted with permission from Sparkfun Electronics A 5V regulator could take any DC voltage from roughly 7V to about 34V and output that voltage at 5V 53 A very common part for this task is the LM7805 Referring to Figure 4 3 2 2 the first pin on the left would be connected to the input voltage from the wall wart the middle pin to ground and the output pin would be 5V Now if the input to the regulator is a noisy 9V the output would be a noisy 5V This can be fixed using capacitors to smooth the voltage levels Without heavily going into the physics of capacitors they basically provide stability to the voltage level by absorbing energy when the voltage is high and expelling energy whenever the voltage is low As long as the voltage is not dropping out for considerable periods of time power outage and there are not significant spikes in the voltage levels the capacitors will keep the voltage to a steady 5V The higher the capacitance rating
135. m W 22mm H 16mm Table 6 1 2 1 Table comparing available distance sensors 6 1 3 Infrared Infrared sensing has often been applied to motion and human body detection in the form of security systems and door operation Implementation of infrared sensing falls under two main categories emissive and passive Emissive involves a unit radiating infrared over an area and detecting the reflections usually in an effort to record or view a dark environment without being forced to light up an area in a way that a human eye can detect Passive infrared sensor systems merely react to infrared radiation that passes over the sensitive elements and produces an electrical reading In this case the system only needs to know if a user is present and given that humans emit large amounts of infrared black body radiation an emissive infrared unit is unnecessary For focusing or widening the effective angle of an infrared sensor lenses can be made or attached to gather or deflect incoming radiation Since the objective of the GuSu alarm system is merely forcing the user to rise from bed and not expel them from the sleeping area completely a lens will most likely be needed depending on the distance and positioning of the sensor in relation to the bed Experimentation with different distances positions and lenses will be needed during the second session of senior design to decide on an optimum setup however examples of implemented infrared senso
136. m decided the SD storage format would be the best fit for the design Since all of these devices will be encased into the alarm clock a solution would be needed for a permanent storage device USB would not be a good choice for this because the purpose of the USB sticks is to be plug and play as well as portable they could also be flimsy inside of the alarm clock and maybe dislodge from its connector A computer hard drive was looked into but this would also prove to be disadvantageous A computer hard drive has moving parts and therefore the life expectancy would be less than that of the other solid state drives A hard drive would also draw way too much power for the alarm clock to handle and interfacing these devices to the microcontroller or MP3 decoder would prove to be very challenging After coming to the eliminating these devices from our design the team found that the SD storage medium would be the most advantageous for the GuSu alarm clock Table 4 2 4 1 1 shows some different storage mediums and their relative size to one another The actually storage capacity also varies from one to the other Researching into the Page 39 Secure Digital format showed that this allowed for the most capacity variation between the different storage mediums The team s first choice when looking into SD storage formats was a special type of SD Card Reader that would interface with the MP3 decoder Researching into GHlElectronics a company specializing i
137. m of the unit is turned from the Running mode to a Test Set mode This turnkey will be ignored during the alarm period Page 3 1 3 Research Methodology The purpose of research methods is to successfully explore information that is relevant to the design that will be put into practice There are various methods of research that are used all the time throughout the academic and professional disciplines Some of these methods include use of a library the internet and even life experiences The purpose of doing research before designing a project is to measure the idea s originality and creativity There are other factors that will be taken into account including the significance contribution and technical soundness of the design at hand Looking at research from another point of view there are two main aspects that define research those are qualitative versus quantitative When comparing both of these measures of research the qualitative side can be defined as the measure of the quality of the project This means that the qualitative measures will be found in the research and analysis of the data and physical attributes of the design On the other side there is the quantitative approach which includes the research of and analysis of the numerical data This side focuses more on the numbers and equations that will hold the design together The main method that will be used in designing the GuSu project will be the internet which will provide
138. meet our requirements The first is the DS 1305N figure 8 2 2 1 available from Dallas Semiconductor and the Intersex CDP68HC68T1 Each module meets all of our requirements The DS 1305 provides a few more features such as dual alarms and costs half as much as the Intersil module Clearly the choice will be the least expensive module with more features Veer L 15 32KHz x10 3 14 voor x2 13 spo Into L gt so INT O 9 11 seu 1Hz U 7 10 ce GND 8 sermone DIP 300 mils Figure 8 2 2 1 DS 1305 Pin Diagram Reprinted pending permission from Maxim The DS 1305 is a 16 pin DIP with a clock calendar which provides seconds minutes hours day date month and year information All of this data is accessible over the SPI interface The module also provides 96 bytes of NVRAM for storing data such as alarm settings The alarms can be set to output a single or different interrupt in the event of an alarm condition and can be operated under either of the available alarm conditions Dual power systems are supported allowing for a backup battery in the event of power failure and the Vgar pin outputs a programmable trickle charge permitting the use of rechargeable batteries figure 8 2 2 2 The operating voltage is from 2 0V to 5 5V which falls within the range of other modules within the system Page 88 Voci Vcc2 a 99 Vear gt Veci PF a GND 9 SCLK SDI 4 spo
139. merce tutorial info php tutorials id 57 Accessed 3 10 2009 54 http www amazon com s ie UTF8 amp keywords wall wart amp tag googhydr 20 amp index electronics amp hvadid 25657041 81 amp ref pd_sl_ 352wjrlt6u b Accessed 3 11 2009 55 http store mp3car com AC DC Power Brick 120 Volt AC to 12V DC p pwr 028 htm Accessed 3 11 2009 56 http www national com mpf LM LM78M05 html Accessed 3 11 2009 57 http www digikey com scripts dksearch dksus dll KeywordSearch Keywords L M3350MM amp vendor 14 Accessed 3 12 2009 58 http www dimensionengineering com DE SWADJ htm Accessed 3 12 2009 59 http www techlib com reference batteries html Accessed 3 12 2009 60 http www arduino cc Accessed 3 10 09 61 http www pcb123 com pcb1 23pricing php Accessed 3 27 2009 62 http www expresspcb com ExpressPCBHtm SpecsStandard htm Accessed 3 27 2009 63 www usna edu EE ee241 EXPRESS 20PCB 20TUTORIAL doc Accessed 3 29 2009 Page 127 APPENDIX B Emails Figure 1 0 1 Question from College Student inbox x Matt O Hello am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florid Apr 19 5 days ago from Suzette Gardner lt sgardner sleepfoundation org gt hide details Apr 21 4 days ago 4 Reply v to Matt O lt mattomorrow gmail com gt date Tue Apr 21 2009 at 2 01 PM subject RE Question from College Student Hello Matt You have permission to re post this graphic with proper credit
140. n Thanks in advance Andrew Figure 4 2 2 1 3 OO Contact Form Thank you for taking your valuable time to contact us We are always happy to answer questions regarding electronic projects that are on our webste or electronic components that we sell Name Andrew Leger Electrgnics DIY com E mail ajleger85 hotmail com Subject use of copyrighted images Message mi A My name is Andrew Leger and I am currently a student at UCF working towards my undergraduate degree We are doing a Senior Design project that incorporates an FM tuner and we were hoping to include the image of the sample schematic of a simple regenerative receiver in our report Of course proper credit will be given Please let me know if that would be acceptable and thanks P m Page 137 Figurew 3 2 2 2 1 Figure 3 3 1 Table 7 2 2 2 1 Joshua Rust to webmaster show details Apr 24 3 days ago 4 Reply v To whom it may concern am writing to request use of ATmel images and documentation for the ATmega644 ATmega128 and the ATtiny2313 for my senior design documentation have read the ATmel Trademark Usage Guidelines and will comply with the requirements Thank you Joshua Rust University of Central Florida Reply gt Forward De Caro Michael to me show details Apr 24 3 days ago 4 Reply v Joshua Please be sure to quote the source of the images and documentation Everything should be fine th
141. n also be powered at the same voltage as the XBee module The ATtiny 2313 is an 8 bit RISC processor with 2 Kbytes of in system programmable flash memory It can operate from 0 20 MHz on a voltage range of 1 8V 5 5V There are 20 pins total with programmable I O pins for connecting to the relay for the heater element and the LED lights for user updates There is a single UART port for communication with the XBee module The only negative factor is the programming of the microcontroller Atmel provides an IDE to develop for the board in either C or Assembly languages The group is leaning towards using the open source Arduino boot loader so this eliminates this microcontroller as it is not compatible with Arduino 7 2 2 2 ATmega168 As this microcontroller is similar to the ATmega644 only the finite details differences will be listed in this section The other Atmel chip researched is the ATmega168 which is compatible with the Sanguino boot loader The packages available are a 28 pin DIP 32 pin VQFN and 32 pin TQFP packages The DIP package is preferred for its ease in prototyping It is also an 8 bit RISC microprocessor with 16Kbytes of programmable flash memory and 512 bytes of EEPROM It supports 131 instructions and 32 x 8 general purpose registers Like the ATtiny2313 it will operate from 0 20 MHz at a voltage range of 1 8V 5 5V A single UART is available for communication with the XBee ZigBee radio modem There are 23 other I O pins av
142. n drop the voltage to 3V A simple PCB with the voltage regulator and the XBee module would be all that is required 7 1 5 Software There is no software requirement for the key chain system All Zigbee modules support node discovery ND operations The node discovery command can be used to discover all modules that have joined a network Issuing the ND command sends a broadcast node discovery command throughout the network All devices on the network that receive the command will send a response that includes the device s addressing information node identifier string see NI Page 79 command and other relevant information This command is useful for generating a list of all module addresses in a network The node identifiers are unique to each module and can distinguish between the coffee machine system and the remote sensor unit When a device receives the node discovery command it waits a random time period before sending its own response The maximum time delay can be set on each individual module using the ND command for the sender with the NT command The ND originator includes its NT setting in the transmission to provide a delay window for all devices in the network Large networks may need to increase NT to improve network discovery reliability The default NT value is Ox3C 6 seconds With only three devices on the network the default settings will be kept at 6 seconds There is also an option to have the remote sensor act as
143. n itself acts as a loop and branch that continually checks the time and listens for user input Depending on the current time alarm time span and user interaction RunMode will enter subordinate functions or call on SetMode RunMode s subordinate functions are laid out in name purpose and behavior here All alarm action function exit and control options act similarly depending on how the function was entered If the function was called because alarm time was reached then the user can only exit by holding down the CENTER ENTER key and entering SetMode If the function was called by TestMode the user can interrupt the function without delay and return back to SetMode All alarm action functions also have a method internally that makes them continue running until the desired time span has elapsed These functions must also check for user input so they can be interrupted by user interactions All action functions will also be passed a parameter integer which informs them of how they were called 10 2 3 2 Play MP3 This function is called in one of three ways alarm time is reached while the GuSu system is in RunMode TestMode is called while the user is changing settings or PlayMode is entered during runtime This function handles sending data requests to the on board Secure Disk reader and passing the data stream on to the MP3 decoder chip and also controlling the chip The function also sets the on board multiplexers control bits accordingly to dir
144. n storage mediums for embedded systems it was found that they produce an SD Card Reader that uses various interfacing connections such including uART SPI and 12C This would prove useful in connecting to the MP3 decoder because this component contained all of the interfacing types Developer s System AVR PIC etc N SP y SD MMC y Figure 4 2 4 1 1 The diagram of the uALFAT and how it interfaces to other components Reprinted with permission from GHI Electronics This device called the uALFAT 24 would provide support for the FAT16 and FAT32 file systems which is excellent when dealing with the MP3 format This device would also allow the user up to four simultaneous file accesses and has a fast start up and reconnect The average file read from this device is on average about 60KByes sec With GHIElectronic s new firmware the uALFAT would also be capable of interfacing with the new and improved SD cards like the SDHC cards This Secure Digital High Capacity card allows for greater storage capacity Some other key specifications are that it has a Real Clock Time and a low power consumption of about 12mA This would prove useful with all of the devices that the alarm clock will be using Lastly all of the input and output pins will have a 5 volt tolerance which is in our range of 3 3V to 5V Shown in Figure 4 2 4 1 2 is a sample image of the uALFAT device along with the pin schematic showing the different interfaces using uART
145. n was trying to accomplish The team decided that the OLED graphic displays would be a great visual aide for the alarm clock Another display looked into from the same company that makes the uOLED 160 G1 was the uOLED 320XX P1 Some of the specifications about this display were that it had a 240x320 pixel resolution with 256 65k or 262k true life colors on the AMOLED screen The viewing angel was near perfect allowing the user to see the screen from about 180 degrees The interface was SPI with the same pin configuration as the uOLED 160 G1 graphics display The voltage supply could be run at 3 6V to 5 5V with the current being on average at 60mA which was pretty minimal for this type of display Some extra features that were considered were the addition of the microSD memory card adapter and an audio amplifier with an 8 ohm speaker for audio playback This display was great for the GuSu design but at a costly 149 95 this was definitely out of the price range for the GuSu team so this display was eventually ruled out Now moving onto the uOLED 160 G1 graphics display and why it was chosen This display was suited well for interfacing with the microcontroller having an uncomplicated and straight forward approach to connecting it to the microcontroller To understand the properties behind the OLED display a comparison will be made between this display and the standard TFT display OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode while TFT stands for Thin Fi
146. nd the top of the bed One or more sensors could be mounted over the bed in order to detect the distance to the highest point of the bed With a twin size mattress one sensor should suffice however double or king size beds are wide enough that an occupant could be missed The most common methods of range detection include infrared and ultrasonic based sensor systems for finding the range to an object Both IR and ultrasonic would be hard to use with multiple sensors positioned so close Page 65 together Therefore to use either the system would be constrained to using only one sensor unless one of each kind was used However this would still not solve the problem of ensuring the entire bedding area is checked for a human sized displacement and with so few detectors the system could be fooled by pets and personal items Given a user s tendency to move during sleep the lack of full coverage of the sleeping area and the complications with implementation of distance sensing this method of user detection is unsuitable for this application Table 6 1 2 1 shows two distance measuring sensors available from Futurlec and Parallax Name Specifications Supplier Price Sharp Distance Range 100 550cm http www futurlec com 19 90 Measuring Sensor Output 4 5 5 5V Supply 0 5 3 0V L 60mm W 37mm H 20mm PING Ultrasonic 2cm 300cm http www parallax com 29 99 Sensor Output Variable width pulse Input 4 5 6V L 46m
147. ndling That is upon entering the SET mode the user will be presented with a list of categories to set and upon entering one of these menus will be presented with a sub set within that menu and enter a sub set of each of those options and so forth While this is not the quickest or simplest design it is straightforward can be easily navigated and would only require at most two buttons for changing setting various features options and values available as user preferences The branch menu model was chosen for its common implementation and intuitive use It is used in many retail electronics such as camcorders Texas Instruments calculators iPods and more Branch menus also relieve the user of needing to pay much attention to the pushbuttons other than knowing that their fingers are placed correctly over them allowing them to keep their focus on the screen once they have begun interacting with the device Even if the user has no prior experience with branch menus they should be able to quickly figure out how to do anything they intend as far as choosing and adjusting settings for the GuSu system Furthermore as mentioned earlier branch menus greatly reduce the amount of invalid input checking necessary as it gives the programmer full control over deciding the entire range of possible input The sections immediately following this discuss the abstract design of the graphical user interface and how the GUI and PUI interact The graphical disp
148. ng basic electronic formulas learned in EEL 4314 Electronics 2 The equation for it is Vout Vin 1 Rf Rin 10Vin Gain is defined as Vout Vin so would be equal to 10 Atl2u Vout Figure 4 2 1 2 1 A non inverting Op Amp with a gain of 10 This schematic was created with ExpressSCH A problem exists however with using a and power supply As of now the group is planning on using a 12V DC power supply that will be converted to the various necessary voltages i e 5V 3V etc However there are no plans to have a 12V line There do exist Op Amps that can take a positive DC voltage and ground with no negative DC voltages required 8 However these Op Amps can only amplify an AC signal with only positive values any negative signals are eliminated For obvious reasons this will not work as an audio amplifier as audio signals use both the positive and the negative sides of the signal There are workarounds to this obstacle Using one battery it is possible to trick the Op Amp into being biased as both a positive and negative bias This can be done by using a voltage divider with equal resistor values and grounding the zone between the two resistors 8 For example if a 12V battery were used there would be considered a 6V and 6V on either side of the battery biasing either side of the Op Amp if the circuit in Figure 4 2 1 2 2 were used The Page 21 problems with this approach however are twof
149. nning at 3 3V because the XBee module also requires the same voltage The microcontroller will be communicating with the XBee module using UART pins 2 and 3 RX and TX respectively It will also be connected to an LED with a single Digital output pin The led will indicate to the user that the coffee machine is in the ON state A single relay will also be connected to a digital output pin of the microcontroller As most motors and relays are inductive they shouldn t be connected directly to a microcontroller because they may require more current than a microcontroller can safely supply The requirements for the relay are 3 3V and can tolerate 10 amps According to the U S Department of Energy the average coffee maker consumes 800 1200 watts This equates to 6 7 to 10 Amps As the coffee machine has not been selected at this time consideration of power consumption to ensure that it is less than 1100 watts will be taken Once purchased current consumption will also be measured to ensure manufacturers specifications In order to protect the microcontroller from the inductive loads a transistor will be used as a switch to prevent damage to the microcontroller during relay switching A diode is also needed to protect the microprocessor from back EMF current and is placed in parallel with the relay and the power supply figure 7 2 3 1 Page 85 XBEE MODULE To Coffee Machine Digital Output PIN 3 Q1 A ATmega164P 100kQ F
150. ns power is sent to the sensor system and the output received is interpreted Based on the current time and the time spans chosen for the various alarm actions the software will choose which action to take if the user is detected with the exception of Zigbee actions For example given the scenario of the user setting the alarm time for the current day for 6 a m the FM tuner to play for fifteen minutes followed by MP3 files for thirty minutes and Zigbee devices to occur last with the wake up action turned off the FM will go silent once the user rises from bed if the user is detected in bed again at any time between 6 15 a m and 6 45 a m MP3 files will be played and at 6 45 a m the Zigbee devices that successfully connect will be activated At the start of each RunMode loop the current time will be requested from the clock and updated on the LCD screen the upcoming alarm time will be displayed along with the chosen alarm actions If the user has chosen to use the keychain tracker device a connection will be made with it once the user is no longer detected in the bed The time the connection succeeds will be stored Once the connection is lost the current time is compared to the time stored earlier and the difference is stored and averaged with previous values along with the number of times compared being incremented by one These values are used to estimate the time it takes the user to leave their home once they have left the bed and after a cert
151. nt companies that offer varying solutions to this problem Sanyo is one of such companies They have a line of FM receivers from the LV24000 series These are all one chip tuners requiring minimal external components 10 Some of these chips even include internal antennas These tuners also have the ability to include RDS Radio Data System The RDS system allows for the output of the name of the station song and band that is playing One nice thing about this line of chips is their versatility they have many different features available on different chips Table 4 2 2 1 4 shows the different tuners in production and their feature sets as they would be applicable to the needs of this project Model AM Tuning RDS C Controlled Headphone Amp LV24003 X LV24010 X LV24100 X LV24230 X LV24233 X X Table 4 2 2 1 4 Sanyo FM tuner one chip solutions 10 Having the AM tuner would be a nice bonus though it would not be necessary to this project While any true commercial release of a project like this one would doubtlessly need it FM is generally listened to much more often by most younger people Especially since the function of our alarm is to wake the user up a loud rock song would do the trick much faster than a talk show or news station the kind of shows that are found more frequently on the AM band The RDS decoder would be handy though also most definitely not a necessity The user knowing the name of the song that is playing
152. nut gt load cells gt gt http www futek com product aspx stock FSH00126 amp acc2 acc gt http www futek com product aspx stock FSH00158 amp acc2 acc gt http www futek com product aspx stock FSH00294 amp acc2 acc gt gt especially the in use sketch for the donut load cell to demonstrate gt how they could be positioned with a rod through the center attached to gt a board that is sized to fit under the entire mattress allowing for gt better weight measuring gt gt also an image demonstrating how thin the force sensors are such as gt www futek com product aspx t force amp m ffp350 gt of course most of these are more industrial testing and due to Page 141 the complications of setup for our particular project will probably not be used but our professor encourages fully researching any options gt gt Thank you gt gt Philip Bell gt koyapb earthlink net gt gt gt On Mar 21 2009 at 5 20 PM Navid Mokhberi wrote gt gt gt Hi Philip gt gt gt gt Thanks for emailing us first We re naturally cautious how our gt gt product images are used Our general position is to allow usage as gt gt long as the document research paper doesn t position FUTEK ina gt gt negative manner Which product did you have in mind and what is the gt gt synopsis of your research paper gt gt gt gt Regards gt gt gt gt Navid Mokhberi
153. o flow from the battery backup The line coming out of the diode connects to the line from the wall wart to the DC 5V regulator A schematic of this can be seen in figure 9 2 2 1 1 tl2u F Figure 9 2 2 1 1 Schematic of the battery backup system made with ExpressSch The DC voltage is actually the 8 AA batteries in series or 1 12V battery in a small case made to hold them as compactly as possible The battery backup would not take any space on the PCB as there is a premium for that space the larger the board the higher the cost Instead the battery backup will be attached to the case in some manner with leads going from either end of the battery and being soldered into two holes in the PCB A small casing can be constructed from wood or other materials to hold the battery backup and can be screwed into the inside of the casing 9 2 2 2 Test Plan The test plan for the battery backup is actually quite simple All that is necessary is for the wall wart to be unplugged from the wall outlet and to see if the clock is still working It would be important that all parts of the device are working properly The test plan for this group will be as follows Page 103 Remove 12V wall wart from wall 2 Ensure display is still functioning and that no memory such as date and time etc has been lost 3 Remove wall wart from wall during the alarm and ensure that there is no overly significant loss in volume that th
154. o the ATMega644P Doing it this way could prove useful in that the microcontroller would control the data being read from the SD card and would pass it to the MP3 decoder and then out the speaker The team finally decided that this would be the worst choice for the SD Card Reader because the USB interface to the microcontroller would need a way to be powered and this was adding to much implementation just for this one module of the GuSu alarm clock 4 2 4 2 Implementation Strategy After putting much research into the different types of ways to read data from a SD Card the team eventually found a very easy way to do this without the need for the need for the above card readers The team found information on how to directly interface the SD Card to the ATMega644P microcontroller Phil and Matt who were originally looking into the research and implementation of the SD Card Reader found that there was no way of directly interfacing the SD Card to the STA013 MP3 decoder without having some kind of control unit that would control the data flow being read from the SD Card The team thought of adding a smaller microcontroller just for this purpose but this would seem like superfluous work to add another microcontroller just to read data from the SD Card and pass it to the MP3 decoder Page 42 Pa Name Wars SD Maa Wanton SP Mody A Chip Select Slave Select SS Command Line Master Out Slave In MOSI Fs VDD f Supply Vig Sp Vaige
155. ock from the U S government which is accurate within 0 2 seconds Once time maintenance is confirmed the backup battery functions will be tested by removing primary power for 30 seconds and re applying power If the device maintains correct clock time the alarm interrupts will be tested using interrupts on the microcontroller and output interrupts on the clock module 9 0 Power Supply The alarm clock will require power to operate and this section is dedicated to the supply and backup storage of that power 9 1 Block Diagram Below figure 9 1 is a very top down block diagram of the power system of our alarm clock The two main components of note in the design of this section would be the Power Supply and the Battery Backup Page 91 Battery Backup Wall Outlet Various Modules in Clock Power Supply Figure 9 1 A block diagram of the power system 9 2 Power System 9 2 1 Power Supply The alarm clock will be powered through power available from wall outlets This voltage will be regulated to a DC voltage of around 3 3 to 5V depending on the needs of the used components 9 2 1 1 Research Of course everything in the electronics world needs power n this project s case every component from the microcontroller the tuner and everything in between will need to be powered by DC current with a voltage of 3 5V Because America and much of the rest of the world generates AC power for distribution that power must
156. ocontroller the team will need to format the SD Card so that the microcontroller will be able to detect it and read files The standard format that will be used is FAT32 which is a Windows partitioning format used in many computers and storage devices The team will then need to work on the code that will be used to control this device The code will have to be implemented on the microcontroller since there are no other components connecting the two devices The software implementation will most likely be coded in C or in the Arduino coding language From here the microcontroller will send the inputted MP3 data through the STA013 MP3 decoder The MP3 decoder will then output this through the speaker more is discussed on the STA013 MP3 decoder in this document This implementation will prove to be the most efficient because the data will be directly sent through the microcontroller The research that was done in the previous sections showed the group that implementing the design this way would be much more trouble free because there would be no second microcontroller to deal with sending data from the SD Card to the MP3 decoder 4 2 4 3 Test Plan To test whether or not the SD functionality is working the team will most likely be connecting the microcontroller into a breadboard and then wiring up the MP3 decoder and SD Card as well as the speaker To make sure that everything is connected properly the team will use computer software to check the connec
157. of the capacitor in Farads the more energy it can store meaning the more it can release However the higher the capacitance the slower the storing and releasing of energy takes place and vice versa So with most regulators it would be important to place larger capacitors in the range of 10 to 100 micro Farads on the power rail 53 These capacitors help to hold the voltage up if the power falls for a short time about 10 to 100 ms An example of the previously mentioned LM7805 5V regulator is shown below in Figure 9 2 1 1 3 with the 10 uF and 100 uF capacitors on the 5V and 9V sides of the regulator Page 94 GND GND Figure 9 2 1 1 3 LM7805 regulator with capacitors Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun Electronics These voltage regulators are rather easily found online From the Sparkfun Electronics website a LM7805 5V regulator with a max current flow of 1 5A is available for 1 25 53 An LM78MO5CT 5V regulator with max current flow of 5A is available from www national com for a mere 0 58 56 However these come with minimum orders of 45 so that would not be very feasible Many companies offer samples of these and some requests could be put out if the group believed that it was needed There is a wealth of other companies selling similar voltage regulators for similar prices and it would mainly be very important that the regulator purchased for this project could support as much current flowing through it as the
158. old For one the range of the Op Amp will be limited by the and 6V This shouldn t be a real problem in this group s example however This bigger problem is that the load of the Op Amp will be in parallel with the resistors So if the negative or positive biasing of the Op Amp draws more or less current which will be the case for most of the time of operation it will offset the loads making them not exactly 6V and 6V Depending on the operations it could be 5 7V and 6 3V at times and other variations at other times This likely would also not have too large of an effect on this project although in general it is not a heavily recommended option to use for biasing Figure 4 2 1 2 2 Trick for biasing the LM1458 Op Amp The top rail voltage would be 6V in this example and the bottom rail would be 6V Schematic created with ExpressSCH Because there will already be a 12V power rail however the simplest method if another battery would have to be used anyways as in the above trick method would be to simply use another 12V battery This battery would just be upside down positive terminal to ground negative terminal to the negative biasing of the Op Amp This is a good method in that the range will be from roughly 11V to 11V which should be more than ample in this project The downside is that it would require another battery that would need to be replaced over time in order to keep the Amplification and thus
159. om the alarm clock Until the timer has expired the system will ignore all commands from the user and remain in the ON state 7 2 4 Test Plan The microcontroller will be booted and serial communication will be tested with a terminal server and a PC An LED will be hooked up and tested by toggling it on and off Since the system is quite simple the code will be developed and completely tested on the system using a terminal server Timeout verification will be verified by sending an on command and confirming that system has returned to idle mode and confirming that the LED is off 8 0 Clock Module 8 1 Goals and Objectives The alarm clock system will need to maintain accurate time with little drift It will also require the ability to maintain a minimum of two alarms to be stored in the system These can be stored externally or in NVRAM on the microcontroller 8 2 Research Two different clock modules were investigated for the system Ideally the atomic clock was to be implemented as it would limit the need for user interface design and contribute to the ease of use Since there is limited availability atomic clock modules real time clock modules were also investigated 8 2 1 Atomic Clock WWVB broadcasts a radio time signal from the National Institute and Technology NIST in Fort Collins Colorado The signal transmits both time and date 22 hours a day Using a radio receiver the clock can automatically set itself The radio clock modu
160. ommunicate with the alarm clock via UART to the XBee module It will have a timer to automatically shut off the coffee pot after 30 minutes from time of turn on and this will also be communicated back to the alarm clock over ZigBee There will be a single button on the coffee machine to locally toggle the machine on and off for unscheduled activations There will also be a single LED to indicate power on and ZigBee link status 7 2 1 2 Input output With only a single button and a single LED only two digital IO pins will be required For the XBee Module the alarm clock microcontroller will need a single UART port on the microcontroller To activate the brewing heater for brewing the coffee the coffee system will need a digital relay to enable the heating element Since standard coffee makers have built in sensors to manage the heating this will be left to the pre existing hardware The system will only be controlling the on off state of the coffee machine 7 2 1 3 Power Coffee machines run off standard 120 VAC The microcontroller and XBee device require VDC During the research DC powered coffee makers were found These coffee machines are primarily used in boats campers and for Page 82 frequent travelers The RoadPro 12 volt DC powered coffee machine appears to be one of the few available systems It of course plugs into a 12V DC outlet which is non standard in homes The power requirements of the coffee machine were noted to be 130
161. on formatting and proof reading of the design document Lastly the finished documentation will need to be printed and bound which will most likely be done at Kinko s or the on campus printing center 1 7 Similar Projects There were a few similar projects that were found on the web and in past UCF Senior Design classes that correspond to the project this design will implement The team examined all of these projects to get an idea of how to execute the GuSu system and make it more efficient The first project looked into was Lazy Home 2 designed by a former UCF Senior Design engineering group The purpose of this project was a hands free approach to controlling different aspects of electrical devices within your home This group created a base station similar to the GuSu base station that would control features of the home such as the air conditioning heating thermostat the lighting vents and even the wall outlets The main idea behind this project was that it allowed the user of the home to control all of these utilities in their home via web interface so if you left on a vacation you could still control all of your electrical appliances from the internet The idea behind this was if the user forgot to turn off certain lights after you had left the user could easily turn them on or off from a remote location Another idea behind this was that when the user was planning their return home they could easily adjust the thermostat so the home woul
162. one by hand rather than being sent out This will keep the cost of using these particular chips low and ease prototyping 3 2 2 5 Summary All of the Atmel megaAVR microcontrollers meet the specified minimum project requirements The availability of each chip as a DIP is advantageous which will keep the cost of using them low Since there are multiple free choices for IDEs software development costs are also very low 3 3 Implementation Based on the information in the research presented in section 3 2 an Atmel microcontroller will be selected for use in this project Atmel site lists three ATmega AVRs which meet our requirements for the clock and nearly all of the chips are compatible with the specifications for the coffee machine For the clock the ATmega644p will be used due to the fact that is widely supported by Atmel and by the open source Arduino boot loader Because the software that will be used on the microcontroller has not been written yet the amount of flash memory needed on the microcontroller is unknown The ATmega168 has 512 bytes of EEPROM memory available and if this proves to not be sufficient then the ATmega644p will be used in place of it The use of a different chip will require virtually no additional effort because the software written for Atmel microcontrollers can be recompiled to be used in any other Atmel microcontroller If the size of the software for the microcontroller exceeds the maximum flash memory size of
163. ontrolled with the microcontroller in this project This would make it very simple to decide which audio output will be used as well 4 2 2 2 Implementation Strategy It was originally decided to use the Si4704 FM tuner This was picked because it was cheap small and easily integrated and controlled One was found on www mouser com for 9 21 It was ordered it came in and the group was very surprised as to how small it was although it was exactly as advertised 3mm X 3mm It also came with no pins and apparently needs a special machine to press it onto a PCB At this point the Si4704 FM tuner was no longer a viable candidate for implementation The Sanyo LV24000 series of FM Tuners was reinvestigated and the same size mounting issues remain with them It was decided that the use of these specialty one chip tuner chips should be left to the companies that have the abilities and the facilities to use them At that point it was decided to use the TDA7000 chip While all mainstream electronics stores Mouser Avnet Digi Key etc were out of stock on it if the part was even listed a few of them were found on E Bay 2 were purchased for 21 25 from littlediode usa which surprisingly enough ships the product from the UK Using resources found online including the datasheet for it and a couple of helpful websites the schematic in Figure 4 2 2 2 1 was created 12 13 As can be seen 4 2 2 2 1 there are many external components to b
164. or the PCB can be drilled directly into the case The only drawback to the wood design is that it is flammable In order to limit the risk of fire ventilation shafts and plenty of open air space can be provided within the enclosure Adequate heat sinks on the required components and if necessary cooling fans could also be installed although this should not be required The alarm clock system also has a battery backup in which the battery will be internal to the clock The access door will be a simple plate attached with two small screws A sample design is provided in figure 2 1 3 1 The design calls for external interfaces for the SD card and external plugs for external sensors The plugs will be modular allowing digital interfaces and analog interfaces The plugs will have different adaptors for either the analog or digital sensors to prevent the end user from inserting the wrong type of adaptor A single female two pole receptacle will pass through the case to power all internal devices A grill will be created on one of the sides for the speaker output If stereo speakers are implemented in further designs two grill plates will be created on both sides of the OLED screen The symmetry will maintain the aesthetic look of the system Figure 2 1 3 1 Sample Clock Case Design Page 12 There will be five buttons on the top and a hole for the OLED screen in the front The LCD screen has mounting holes built directly into the PCB and will be
165. or this application and given the assumptions about the user and environment high end push buttons are also unnecessary From the user s perspective the 4X3 or 4X4 matrix keypads would seem an easy choice Setting the various time based settings would be simple menus and non on off options could be itemized and navigated quickly However the user would at times need to look away from the GUI to examine the keys to ensure proper input and pay attention to what each button does as it changes with menu navigation Using number input and having so many keys would also require invalid input handling while controls for number incrementing would only require having loops for hours and minutes that go from 1 12 and 0 59 respectively For the GuSu alarm system the GUI should provide the user with detailed information and allow them to interact and control the device with minimal action on their part So the entire user interface will be built on and designed around a moderately sized graphical liquid crystal display and five pushbuttons oriented in an UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT CENTER orientation While this will require more programming and testing during the design and implementation phase it provides the user with the aforementioned easy interaction spending more engineer hours rather than forcing the user to do more to use the system 5 3 2 Key switch As a deterrent to silencing of the alarm the idea of using a key switch on the bottom of the Gu
166. ower of its micro controller to have Page 54 seven day programmable alarm times In a similar fashion the iHome takes advantage of what is now cheaply available electronics to give the user weekday weekend alarm timing this also gives weight to the design assumption made for the GuSu system that more and more users have use of such a capability College students especially have varying morning schedules that often fluctuate day to day and many times over a year An example of a product on the market which solves the other challenge the GuSu tackles waking a user who needs a little more motivation than the alarm simply sounding is the Flying Alarm Clock from Vati9 com This alarm clock features a small plastic propeller that is launched at alarm time that the user must retrieve and replace on top of the clock to silence the alarm For many this is ample extra action needed to awake and stay out of bed however there is nothing preventing the propeller from landing on the bed or within arm s reach of the bed allowing the user to silence the alarm while remaining in bed Disregarding this possibility it is unlikely it will take much time to retrieve the propeller and this violates one of the key design requirements of the GuSu alarm system the user must not be allowed to occupy the bed during the alarm time The Flying Alarm Clock from Vat19 com also has a snooze switch and modes that do not utilize the propeller violating another requirem
167. r in mind that most alarm clocks cannot solve this dilemma but they do prove to be useful in dealing with this daily occurrence Modern alarm clocks allow people to prioritize their time more efficiently In today s progressive society time is of the essence and in the business world time is money With today s alarm clocks they help give people s lives a more structured schedule this can help them in having a better routine which in turn can help them get a better night s rest Current alarm clocks have lost their effectiveness in dealing with these sleep problems The GuSu prototype will attempt to solve these issues with a better design that will help people with their dynamic lifestyles 1 1 Problem Statement Waking up especially for some college students can be troublesome In a worst case scenario an individual may have a half dozen alarms scattered throughout a room set for one or many times perhaps even with a few outside their room and still find themselves shutting all of these alarms off and getting back in bed only to wake up later realizing they are late to start the day Most solutions proposed and even commercially available have the alarm clock launch an object that must be retrieved or task the individual with solving some form of problem or puzzle to quiet the alarm However this does not defeat the individual who is able to leave their room to shut off an alarm and still get back in bed because in essence this stil
168. r research is not available Many online retailers offer custom ABS enclosures but the costs are prohibitively expensive 2 2 Lucite Sheets With Plexiglas sheets the box can be constructed to our specifications It can be modified easily and adjusted to the final design of the system A solvent or adhesive is applied to a finely sanded edge and the solvent is allowed to cure for 12 hours The edges are then sanded to make a smooth edge Another option is using an extruded acrylic adhesive like Weld on 5 It is applied as glue and the seams are taped allowing it to dry for 12 hours While simple to implement the aesthetics are certainly compromised with this type of implementation The available Lucite products are clear and the user would be able to see the Page 11 internals of the system While some would prefer the look of the clear case the group feels this would limit its appeal to a select few 2 3 Wood Wood sheets are readily available at local home improvement stores in a wide variety of species An oak or a maple cabinet grade sheeting with different stains would certainly provide an aesthetic appeal and are easy materials to use in construction Small half inch sections are available for cabinet construction and can be formed and resized to our specifications Simple wood glue and finishing nails can be used to construct the clock Holes for buttons can be milled to any specification and mounting hardware such as standoffs f
169. r sending off PCB and microcontroller for soldering The specific device investigated for the project was the MSP430F2274IRHA The reason for choosing this device is that it met all of the requirements excluding dual UART ports and Texas Instruments currently sells a development kit which is integrated with a ZigBee module using this chip The device features a 16 bit RISC CPU 16 bit registers and constant generators for code efficiency Wake up time from the 5 low power modes is less than 1 us It has two built in 16 bit timers a single UART module 10 bit A D converter and two integrated operational amplifiers It also supports SPI and I C interfaces There is an internal low power oscillator which operates at 32 kHz and built in support for an external RTC There are 32 I O pins available In order to use this microcontroller the group would have to investigate the use of another LCD With 32 I O pins available the LCD could easily be supported using TTL logic instead of the UART interface Although controlling a graphical LCD with TTL logic may add another degree of complexity to the project The MSP430 operates at 1 8 3 6V which is the same voltage as the XBee radios 3 2 2 Atmel AVR Atmel manufactures 8 bit microcontrollers called ATmega This microcontroller is a high performance low power consumption 8 bit RISC microcontroller 5 This chip is an ideal candidate for embedded applications since it is well supported by both its manu
170. r side of the glass These are what create the horizontal and vertical sync lines on your LCD monitors or displays To add color to the screen a color filter is added over the horizontal filter Page 46 glass plates vertical filter EE Ene a crystal molecule horizontal filter Bu colour filter Figure 5 2 1 1 The common components of a LCD display and how it is assembled Reprinted with permission under the General Public License By the time the new millennium had hit LCD displays were being sold more than CRT displays CRT is short for Cathode Ray Tube These are usually the more bulky monitors or displays that are used with computers CRT displays use a vacuum tube with three separate electron guns that shoot electrons to the screen These electrons will emit from a screen that will show images on the display By present day the LCD displays are the most popular form of imaging ranging from computer screens laptop screens and now more than ever TV screens Now continuing onto the research methods that were used in choosing our specific LCD display The team had researched various displays throughout the internet trying to find a LCD screen that would work with our microcontroller Some issues in finding the perfect screen were backlighting viewing angle power consumption and whether or not the display was capable of displaying characters Detailed in the next paragraph is a comparison of two different LC
171. re E opa Pa da epu ce SE sn P a eS ER Ora ES epa Pa aa oa LEE 92 9 2 2 Battery Backup 2 eere ote teo o iso seo n aosi epa o bo Ra se a DDR a SER o PPAR a ERR DERE GERD aS s 102 10 0 SOTTWAM Cesissicccinscsesccessonenensacesccensacancasavesscsseadacwasouesccssiasansasnuasscsthad evanweesessesacantanmanss 104 10 0 1 Motivation oorr eren h He ke rete narre Er ea Pr EE b pueda a EE REN EE sa sadecdocaasaw sovess adanns 104 10 1 Software Research eere er ena oto he teer n o a Ph opa poenas au Ca oo aa sooo dan ea vp Eau ooo a naases saN 104 10 1 1 Alternatives niece nere bap e storia nee peus ey sape Pe hes e Eee e ME Sed Vae e e REPE ERE o Pe bea aad 104 10 2 Software Implementation ecce eese ecce eee eene eene eene nnn nnne e na sonne na soto nena rne 106 10 2 1 General Config ration 1 1 iori er e eoo ee ee reo o anne o nna tear a nn rai nnn a rana ee nao as 106 10 2 2 Overall Behavior ee eeeeeeee eese eee eere seeni sae nent saoto ishor nnns nnn 109 10 2 3 FUNCTIONS Em 112 10 3 Software Testing i ccs sccedsccededcceesasedeasises cesessstecaeiseicesesatvccondsedcesessicdessidsdceesaieccseas 113 11 0 Printed Circuit Board rore teer te apo otto tiae be eu Pepe e SERE EORR RAPERE E ERR De EUER Pa PvP RE 114 11 1 Research rere rere ea EE Re PE REPN SEN E PAPE PR RR TE PERS MARE SEE RR TUER 114 11 2 Implement
172. res that the LCD display will use Some of these features will be a menu system for the user so they can change settings and also a way to show what each push button will do After the basic settings are tested the team can then further apply the rest of the components that deal with the display such as music being played off of the SD Card Page 53 5 3 Physical User Interface Since the PUI greatly influences the design and capabilities of the GUI its overall architecture must be decided on first Options vary from two pushbuttons to a full thirty six button keypad and these can be bought pre labeled or be positioned and labeled on the device Building a custom button system however would require the user to do more learning in order to use the system and at times force them to look at the buttons when interacting with it Furthermore it would create additional engineering hours for the design and implementation of such a button display making this option the least desirable 5 3 1 User s Expectation In order to design a physical interface that the user will need little to no instructions for a variety of alarm clocks on the market were looked at Rising in popularity are alarm clocks that can both charge and redirect audio from iPods These devices make a good competitor model to the GuSu system as they tackle the challenge of allowing a user to have a variety of options including personalized audio selection for waking The latest mo
173. rfacebus net http www serialphy com http interfacebus blogspot com Figure 4 2 4 2 2 Question from College Student inbox x Matt O to ccd show details Apr 21 6 days ago 6 Reply v Hello I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States I am writing you to ask permission to reprint some figures on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time http www dharmanitech com 2009 01 sd card interfacing with atmegaS fat32 html Reply Forward from CC Dharmani lt ccd dharmanitech com gt hide details Apr 21 5 days ago 5 Reply Y to Matt O lt mattomorrow gmail com gt date Tue Apr 21 2009 at 11 24 PM subject Re Question from College Student mailed by dharmanitech com Yes you can use the figures or data given on my webpage without any problem l m glad it s useful to you Regards CC Dharmani www dharmanitech com Show quoted text Page 132 Figure 4 2 3 1 1 Question from College Student inbox x eMattO Hellolama Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florid Apr 21 6 days ago sales group of VLSI Teppo Karema Hi Matt which figures specifically Best regards Teppo Apr 22 5 days ago Matt O http www Msi fi typo3temp pics v 2a7143cb57 png Apr 22 5 days ago Sales Group Teppo Karema to me show details Apr 22 5 days ago
174. rious interference the Zigbee device Because of that the FM tuner and the Zigbee device should be placed on opposite ends of the PCB and the antenna for the tuner should stay on that end of the clock The audio output level of the TDA7000 is about 75mA This could be greatly amplified by the audio amplifier as needed to produce an optimal loud noise The audio output signal would be routed to a multiplexer along with the mp3 decoder output The microcontroller would determine which signal got passed through to the amplifier speaker if either 4 2 2 3 Test Plan The FM receiver would need to be tested separate from the other elements with just the power supply connected to give the flat 5V input The output should also be connected to the amplifier and the speaker as hearing the radio and the radio station s clarity signal strength etc is the only way to truly test the device The most important thing to check would be that most of the common stations Page 31 that can be heard in a vehicle are audible with this device If there are problems the antenna could be lengthened to ensure that the problem is with the circuit or IC itself 4 2 3 MP3 Decoder To accommodate user comfort and and preference the Get Up Stay Up GuSu Alarm System shall have the ability read and play MP3 files as audio output in addition to the other alarm audio action options This allows the user to choose any of music or sound they own or can create
175. rm factors of load cells are pancake load button and donut types Most load cells are cylindrical with a center pressure sensitive apparatus that changes the signal output as force is applied Sensor thicknesses range from 0 25 inches to almost 2 inches thus depending on the type of mattress a solid piece of material with the same width and length as the mattress would need to be placed over the sensors and the mattress on top in order to get a proper reading of the total weight on the mattress While the pancake and load button sensors might shift about donut form sensors could have a small rod mounted to the bottom of this board that keeps the donut sensors in place as shown in figure 6 1 1 1 1 Page 62 HARDENED THRU WASHER HOLE HARDENED Mae CELL CELZI erie rere CELL WASHER BASE PLATE THRU HOLE Figure 6 1 1 1 1 Schematic of a mounted Donut Load Cell Reprinted with permission from Futek Advanced Sensor Technology Inc However assuming that the user has space to spare for the sensors and the slat is hazardous and adds unwanted complexity to installation of the GuSu system for the user In addition it would require study on the effects adding such a layer between the mattress and bed frame or box spring would have on user comfort Given that sensors available from FUTEK are designed for industrial OEM applications and use CC standard connection methods they would be difficult to integrate with the GuSu system 6 1 1
176. rs and component specifications allow for a set of educated guesses as a starting point Page 66 Passive infrared sensors present a good middle ground as far as meeting base requirements and optimum performance requirements An infrared sensor or array can easily inform the GuSu system that the bed is occupied by a human and will not produce false positives due to luggage and other personal items being set on the bed However small pets and occupants besides the user will produce a positive signal It is possible with adjustments to the analog to digital conversion to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor that is setting a certain threshold for it within the converter but most likely anybody giving off heat will activate the alarm Perhaps this is not a bad thing as it may optionally be used to deter pets from entering the bed An infrared sensor is also hard to trick short of lifting a plate of glass above the user or a small piece blocking the sensor s view Furthermore with the sensor mounted to the wall or ceiling this won t be an easy task and yanking on the wires connecting the sensor would damage the wall ceiling or the GuSu unit itself In the interest of user preference Fresnel lenses could be included with focusing lenses giving the user a choice between being forced to rise from bed and being forced to leave the room entirely to silence the alarm For this application our default setup will be made assuming the use only wis
177. rst step in satisfying the three aforementioned design necessities of a better alarm clock system But the alarm must turn off somehow so the clock will include sensors that tell it whether someone is in the bed or not and will run off of the simple logic that if it is time to get up and someone is in the bed it will follow it s programmed routine This motivates the user by giving them no option but to get out of bed and stay out of bed In addition a battery backup system serves two purposes it helps keep the internal clock correct and ensures the user cannot silence the alarm by unplugging its power source The internal clock itself may be either an atomic clock set for time zone by the user or a binary clock adjusted by the user For meeting a user s waking preferences the clock shall have the following abilities that tie in to the alarm clocks wireless modules and alarm speaker An FM tuner an SD card slot for mp3 storage and mp3 decoder chip a built in common tone alarm Zigbee interfaces with lights and coffee makers seven day programmability and timing ordering adjustments for what alarm option will occur for example if the user would like the FM radio to play through the speaker fifteen minutes before the wake up time at which point lights may turn on and the alarm tone will sound To further prevent the user tricking the clock into silencing the alarm settings can only be changed and tested when a turnkey slot on the botto
178. running the output through the speaker to hear the difference The PCB schematic integration will be convered in chapter 10 4 2 1 3 Speaker There are many types of speakers available and through searching on Digi Key there were many that could fit the needs of this group Ideally the speaker would use a minimum of power current consumption output a maximum level of dB be as small as possible be easily integrated into the alarm clock and have as low of a cost as possible Of course there are no speakers that can deliver all of those competing ideals but a decent speaker was found by way of the Panasonic EAS 4P15SA This speaker uses 1W max power can output up to 92dB has a 45mm diameter and 18mm height terminates in solder pads and costs 4 32 each when purchased without a bulk discount This speaker should be more than sufficient for the needs of this project Page 23 4 2 1 4 Multiplexers A multiplexer mux will be needed to decide the audio output Two 2x1 muxes could be used to determine the audio output with each mux acting as a switch Each switch would be between an audio signal or ground These audio inputs are the mp3 decoder output and the FM tuner output After doing some searching an optimal 2x1 mux seems to be the TS5A23159DGSR made by Texas Instruments On www mouser com these run only 0 81 each Each one also comes with 2 muxes on it A small chip in schematic form is shown in figure 4 2 1 4 1 DGS PACK
179. ry devices for the prototype to perform Each team member asked their various companies of employment for a sponsorship on the project but was unable to get a sponsor to pay for the prototype The team members thought of asking the local faculty and professors for a sponsor but assumed the same outcome as the team member s employers One of the reasons the team thought of for not being able to obtain a sponsorship was the poor economy Businesses and faculty members of UCF are having a hard enough time paying their own costs and paying for student s projects is not on their list of expenditures Although this was a disappointment the GuSu team members were able to get student discounts on some of the components purchased The cost for this project is coming directly out of the team member s pockets so these discounts helped to curb the cost of supplies and components Seen in table 12 1 is the planned budget this is what the team originally thought of purchasing for the GuSu prototype Table 12 2 has information on the development budget these are the items the team will be using to complete the project but already have for free Lastly is the actual budget in table 12 3 with all of the components and devices that were bought Page 118 Components Pricing Components LCD display 50 00 Electronic XBee Modules 40 00 Breadboard Housing Case 20 00 Soldering Gun Supplies 4DSystemsSoftware Coffee Machine 20 00 ArduinoSoftware Microcontroller 1
180. s Beneath the ZDO layer is the network layer All routing is managed within the network layer This layer supports star tree and mesh network topologies and will act as three different devices The first is Page 73 the ZigBee coordinator ZC The ZC is the first required device on the network and will be implemented within the alarm clock It initiates the network formation by selecting the channel personal area network ID and the stack profile Once the network is formed it will also function as a router for other devices within the mesh It can also act as a bind controller which will prevent other devices from joining the network without acknowledgment from the ZC The ZigBee Router ZR will be the ZigBee component in the coffee machine t is an optional component in the ZigBee network which acts as a fully functioning device and a network router to extend the range of the network The router manages its network table for devices within range and allows neighbor routing for those devices If a ZigBee end device ZED is a child of the router it will hold information for the ZED until it wakes up The ZED unit is also an optional device which is optimized for very low power operation It relies on its parent node to let it sleep It can be associated with either the ZC or the ZR but will not allow associations with other child nodes There are multiple providers of development kits and devices using ZigBee radios In our research th
181. s It is also easier to be more selective with the lower frequency signal 9 After being mixed into an IF the signal must pass through a LPF Low Pass Filter the Clean up Filter to remove any remaining higher frequency signals such as the LO Local Oscillator or RF Finally the IF Amp is used to amplify the signal to its final level Again this is much cheaper to do after modulation than at its higher frequency state An example of an early super heterodyne receiver schematic is shown below in Figure 4 2 2 1 2 Figure 4 2 2 1 2 Schematic of an early Super heterodyne FM receiver Reprinted pending permission from Hans Egebo Regenerative receivers are also an option for many who are building receivers however from initial research it appears that they would not be well suited to this project Although some of the receivers have relatively few parts one of the design criteria is for minimal parts required there are some one transistor regenerative receivers the frequency selection would not be easily implemented It would be quite difficult to design a method for easy user control of the radio station An example of a regenerative receiver is shown in figure 4 2 2 1 3 Page 26 Figure 4 2 2 1 3 A sample schematic of a regenerative FM receiver Reprinted pending permission from Electronics DIY com These circuits would not have to be fully implemented on a PCB There are ICs Integrated Circuits available that consi
182. s of the file under the SOME Wen 2 2 Catal Cesky Dansk Deutsch EAAnvika English Suomi Francais nay Italiano Plattd tsch Nederlands Portugu s Polski Pyccratit Turkce P P2 50 P2 HEME File history Click on a date time to view the file as it appeared at that time latest earliest View newer 50 older 50 20 50 100 250 500 Date Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 12 52 15 August 2006 a 1 280 1 024 Ed information Description LCD subpixel It was made using POV Ray The POV Ray source file is released a f 250 KB g2s under GPL and can be downloaded from http marvin linux box nl files LCD pov Source Own work ix Date Author Marvin Raaijmakers modified by latest earliest View newer 50 older 50 20 50 100 250 500 Figure 5 2 1 2 Question from College Student from Matt O Morrow mattomorrow g gmail com hide details 3 56 PM 48 minutes ago 5 Reply Y to media howstuffworks com date Sun Apr 26 2009 at 3 56 PM subject Question from College Student mailed by gmail com Hello I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Central Florida in the United States I am writing you to ask permission to reprint some figures on your website on my team s Senior Design Document Your source will be given credit in the works cited of our documentation Thank you for your time http static howstuffworks com
183. s the battery would only last approximately two to four hours depending on the frequency of transmission The next option would be to place the XBee module within a car It would be powered off the car battery which eliminates the power system dilemmas 7 1 2 Goals The alarm clock will be able to determine if e the user is out of range of the alarm clock system The alarm clock will be able optimize the wake up time to ensure the user has left the premises by the time specified by the user The system will be able to detect the differences between device out of range and device failure The alarm clock software system will be able to determine whether the car transceiver has left range or if it has simply failed 7 1 3 Input output The remote car transmitter will simply be powered by the car battery It will be a standalone device which will be programmed to send short packets to the alarm clock The XBee modules support RSSI to indicate when the range changes If the RSSI is decreasing the alarm clock will request transmission frequently to ensure the device is leaving by verifying a progressively decreasing RSSI and making sure it is not just interference or a dropped communication 7 1 4 Power Car batteries typically run between 12V and 16V The XBee module require 3 3 4 V for the Pro version To bring the power down to specifications a LM3703 will be used It is a linear voltage regulator available from multiple manufacturers and ca
184. se a PCB Printed Circuit Board While all of the members of the group only have experience working with breadboards it is not feasible to use one of these in the clock They are large bulky and most importantly do not allow the permanent soldering of the different devices There are of course multiple methods of going about using PCBs in this project however 11 1 Research The easiest method is often to outsource the actual creation of the PCB itself This can be done through one of many companies online all of which charge different prices for different services but do roughly the same thing They take a PCB schematic use it to build a PCB and return the PCB to the customer within a few days to a week These PCB schematics are not the same as regular schematics but that will be discussed later The obvious advantages to this method of PCB development are the time and mistake savings In other words none of the group members have experience using a milling machine the machine that can create the boards it will take a lot of time for a couple of the members to learn the process of creating the board There is also the time involved with getting certified to use the milling machine provided by UCF to the students and while this time also helps to familiarize the users with the machine it is not enough to make them truly competent users This is also the cause of another time drainer mistakes If any mistakes are made it would render
185. sign of the GuSu prototype Information that will be discussed includes examples of how the MP3 Page 35 decoder will be connected and how it will work with the other modules on the GuSu prototype First off the STAO13 MP3 decoder will be running in Multimedia mode instead of Broadcast mode This will ensure that the STAO13 will automatically detect the bit rate of the MP3 data being passed through the chip The STA013 will be able to receive data up to 20Mbit sec and will detect the sampling rate of the MP3 data such as the MHz of each file There has been some well known voltage issues with the STAO13 when it is ran at 5V so the team will most likely run the decoder at 3 3V to avoid these issues Only 10 pins on the STAO13 will be used Two pins will ultimately be used for the I2C data interface these pins will be connected to the ATMega644P microcontroller Three of the pins will be used for the MP3 data source since there is no good way of connecting the decoder to the SD Card without having some sort of control so this concern will need to be looked at when implementing the decoder with the SD Card and microcontroller Four of the ten pins will be used for decoding the audio data and the last pin will be used for reset Figure 4 2 3 2 1 shows a sample connection between the STA013 and the CS4334 digital to analog converter 16 V y V OV SV 470pH OldyF 10pF O 1yF qw l4 CS4334 3 3pF 560 120 SDA
186. simple to use and straightforward as possible hopefully so much so that almost anyone can use the GuSu system without reading an instruction manual Before the UI is laid out in detail figure 5 1 1 presents a block diagram of the Ul s finalized abstract components User Input Module C User LCD Screen Pushbutton Input Figure 5 1 1 User Interface Block Diagram Page 45 5 2 Liquid Crystal Display The alarm clock will also be integrated with a LCD display for easy user access LCD is short for Liquid Crystal Display and will be defined more in detail in section 5 2 1 of this document The LCD display will be integrated into the alarm clock through the microcontroller that has been chosen in this design The main purpose of having this display is so that the user will have an easy way to access the controls of the alarm clock Some of the common features that will be used on this display are a friendly user control panel as well as some buttons The user control panel will allow whoever is using the alarm clock to set their time alarm time and other features that will be discussed in detail The buttons will provide support to the user to change settings within the control panel A discussion behind the history of LCD displays and the research that was put into the design will be examined in section 5 2 1 of the document 5 2 1 Research First off a discussion of a brief history of the Liquid Crystal Display will be
187. spectively The first fabrication company that will be looked into is PCB123 A quick estimate of the needs of the group s board size would be about 8 X 10 inches so that estimate will be used as a pricing estimate for the different companies as of now Of course when the final PCB schematic is completed the choice of company could be changed if the final dimensions are significantly different and would change the choice of PCB producer As mentioned earlier regardless of the software chosen the hardware development uses the same files Because it is standardized any company s software can be used and the files sent to a different PCB producer if desired For 2 PCB boards of 8 X 10 inches PCB123 will create them for 81 00 61 This includes free ground shipping in the US and is only including a 2 layer board with no soldermask or silkscreen These layers are considered rather unnecessary for prototype boards which are what the group is looking for The minimum trace width is 007 inches and the minimum space width is not available online This could be important to find out if this manufacturer were chosen as some parts such as the Si4704 FM Tuner are extremely small and need very small trace and space widths PCB123 also offers free software available for download to create the PCB schematics This software is nice in that it comes with a parts library of over 100 000 parts free as well as an over 100 page user manual and a part p
188. st accomplish the extensive interfacing and be capable of quick responses for the event driven functions GuSu Central Control Sensor LCD Interface Interface Sound Output Zigbee Interface Figure 3 1 1 1 System Block Diagram Page 13 3 1 1 1 Input output For the PIR sensor module the microcontroller must have a single digital input pin Since the PIR sensor module is digital only a single digital input will be required to monitor the status The pressure sensors also provide digital outputs and will require two pins for each sensor The graphical LCD the group has chosen uses UART as does the XBee module so these two devices will need two separate UART pin sets The MP3 Player and the Real time clock interfaces are over SPI which is a shared port so the system will need only one set There will also be a minimum of six buttons for user interface and each of these will use a single digital input 3 1 1 2 Power To simplify circuit design devices were sought out which will operate in similar voltage ranges The common range between devices is 3 5 volts but some components require more so a voltage regulator will be necessary 3 1 1 3 Software Since there will be devices communicating wirelessly to separate microcontrollers the system architectures must be similar The ability to use the same code for both microcontrollers will reduce the amount of code which will lower the time it takes to develop the software as well
189. st electronics websites The build it yourself method outlined above would not be too difficult It would require some PCB printed circuit board space possibly its own small board for the regulator It could probably be integrated onto another board to save size and costs however The regulated voltage if chosen to be around 5V could then be stepped down as needed to power lower voltage elements if any exist in this project Another option for the power supply would be to feed pure 110V AC voltage into a PCB that included an all in one Analog to Digital converter which should Page 96 output a regulated voltage at the level needed for this project A search of Acopian Power Supplies a well known power supply delivery company shows all in one PCB parts with a regulated 5V output ranging from 79 00 to 97 00 57 These prices are reflective of an output current max of 5A model 5E50A and 1A model 5E100 respectively This max current would of course depend on the requirements of all the modules in the project These also come with guaranteed tolerances of 0 1 for the 5A model and 15 for the 1A model These all fit within a small roughly 1X2 5X1 inch package This alternative would make the design much simpler Rather than dealing with all the parts and building the PCB for the first method this could very easily be integrated into the main microcontroller circuit being fed simply by just a wall plug However the
190. st of regenerative FM receivers The most common one over the last 20 years may be the Phillips now NXP Semiconductors TDA7000 This IC is a basic FM receiver with only mono audio output which would be acceptable according to our one speaker specifications and selectivity decided by the local oscillation frequency which would be determined by a small variable RC circuit The TDA7000 were no longer produced beginning in December 2003 although they may still be available on the market There are also two later models the TDA7010 and TDA7021 An example of the block diagrams of the TDA7010 is shown below in figure 4 2 2 1 4 Figure 4 2 2 1 4 Block diagram of the TDA7010 Reprinted with permission from Digi Key Page 27 This circuit could be implemented on a PCB board more easily than the do it yourself method but would eat a lot of space and use a lot of components The variable RC circuit for tuning could also present some problems One of the goals is for easy user frequency selectivity and requiring the user to adjust a potentiometer would not qualify as such The second main option available would be to purchase a prefabricated chip that includes the FM receiver These are generally digital circuits that can be controlled by a microcontroller to receive the desired station Most of these circuits require external elements although some are complete receivers in one integrated circuit There are many differe
191. straint whatever the final power supply voltage is prior to the regulator the voltage supplied by the batteries must be less If this is the case a simple diode placed heading from the battery supply to the voltage from the wall wart would keep the current from exiting the battery supply there would have to be roughly a 7V drop between the two for current to flow In this case if the input voltage dropped significantly at least 7V below the battery supply level the battery current would kick in It would be extremely important that the battery supply was lower than the voltage coming from the wall wart power brick as if it were higher the current would flow through the diode anyways It could be accomplished by Page 102 simply stacking as many AA 1 5V batteries as necessary without going too high It is important that it is above about 7 V however so that the 5V regulator has enough voltage to account for the drop it needs so it makes sense to go to about 9V as long as the wall wart is above that level 9 2 2 1 Implementation The entire battery backup implementation is simple enough It just requires 8 AA batteries in series or 1 12V battery A23 model by Duracell followed by a diode With a wall wart with a voltage greater than or equal to 12V the current will never drain from the batteries except when the main power supply is unplugged This is because of the 7V drop on the diode that is necessary in order for current t
192. strate the software and features that these new alarm clocks have While most alarm clocks contain an AM FM tuner some corporations are looking into satellite radio to incorporate into their designs Using this technology would bring in a much broader audience than the regular AM FM users because the general public would be exposed to other stations than just AM FM Sound quality is something people are always looking to improve upon and developing new types of sound speakers are high on the list of improvements made to the daily alarm clocks New software is always being developed to improve the sound quality of the actual music files that can be played on the newer alarm clocks such as MP3 FLAC and OGG To use this improved software and file formats new alarm clocks must have software developed to meet these requirements One other feature that has been gaining remarkable popularity recently has been the addition of an Ethernet jack or wireless capability so the user can connect their alarm clock into their home network The major advantages of this would be so that the home user can awake to the local news get weather reports from their area and even to check the regional traffic reports so that they can adjust their commute to work or school accordingly This new technology has been gaining momentum with the developing companies as to provide software and firmware upgrades to their alarm clocks to keep their systems up to date New updates ha
193. tch so the devices do not lose information 9 2 2 1 Research An easy way to incorporate battery power is to stick commonly available batteries prior to the 5V regulator While this is a waste in a way only using 5V of the batteries outputting voltage level it is a simple way to incorporate the battery backup The wastefulness likely would not impact the user as the battery will almost never be used This is not for an emergency radio that could be used in the event of hurricane like power outages it is meant to last long enough to wake the user if the user unplugged the clock from the wall Six AA batteries could be placed in series to come up to a total voltage of 9V DC This voltage could differ of course based on the needs of the design According to Techlib com the average AA battery lasts about 2000mAhrs 59 So even if the clock used a total of 250mA which is an extremely high estimate the battery backup would last over 8 hours In fact 2 or more sets of the AA batteries could be placed in parallel to increase this estimate But with just one set it would last long enough for the user to completely wake up after unplugging the alarm clock as many times as necessary to break them of that habit It would also hold the power steady during small power outages no problem One important thing to consider is that the batteries should not be draining while the alarm clock is plugged in This could be accomplished easily with one major con
194. team continued to meet each week further discussing components that would be used and how the overall design would function The team decided that to break up the 120 page technical design document would be the best way to tackle this challenge The document write up was evenly divided among the four group members each choosing a module to research and design Seen in the following list is a sample of what each member has worked on e Andrew All sections related to Audio output FM Tuner Power and Battery backup Printed Circuit Boards e Josh All sections related to Alarm Clock External Casing ZigBee Coffee Machine Microcontroller and Clock Module e Matt All sections related to LCD display MP3 decoding SD Card reader Budgets Executive and Final Design Summaries e Philip All sections related to sensors User Interface MP3 decoding Software design Page 7 After deciding which team member would tackle each section all of the members worked on the design document on their spare time at home and school with meetings having continuity from week to week The team set deadlines for how many pages would be completed with the average completion time being 5 pages per week Keeping with this schedule the team eventually found that they were ahead of the agenda and would have time to spare at the end of the semester to deal with formatting appendices and company emails The team will meet a few times before the deadline to work
195. ter Swichahle LNA Image hier Hxed Cleamup IFamp pad Filer reemer attermatar Hite fika protector T x RF IF X FEE vf p LO Figure 4 2 2 1 1 Block diagram of a common super heterodyne receiver Reprinted with permission from Microwaves101 Page 25 The RF input received from an antenna is fed through a filter the Preselector Filter to severely limit the frequencies passing through to a narrow band including the frequency that is wanted The Limiter acts similarly to a surge protector if a seriously high powered signal were to come through the RF input this limiter would protect the LNA Low Noise Amplifier The Switchable Attenuator is able to as needed slightly reduce the strength of the signal if it is strong enough to saturate the LNA Next the LNA amplifies the signal though it is important that it is not damaged by too much power hitting it Any damage done is permanent The amplifiers purpose is to amplify the main signal to a point where it is further distinguishable from the background noise The Image Filter reduces image noise and the Mixer converts the RF signal to an IF Intermediate Frequency signal This is the main advantage of the super heterodyne receiver The IF signal is at a much lower frequency than the RF signal and thus can be modified with lower frequency components It is much cheaper to add gain to IF signals and lower frequency signals in general than higher frequency signal
196. th a wall wart left and a power brick right Notice how the wall wart could potentially block access to a lower outlet depending on its physical configuration Wall warts or power bricks for this project could come from a variety of places Many home appliances use them and one could rather easily be scavenged for use in this alarm clock Each one plainly and simply states the input and output voltage and current levels It would be important that a suitable one is used if this is the option the group decides to take For example one with too high of a voltage level would likely not cause too much of an issue see below about regulators but one that does not output enough current could cause problems They can also readily be found online For example many wall warts were able to be found for under 20 dollars on Amazon com with outputs ranging from 5A to 2 5A 54 Power bricks are readily available online as well with an example of a 12V power brick being available from store mp3 com for 29 99 55 The many options will make the choice a somewhat simple one For the GuSu alarm clock project it really does not matter if the group uses a wall wart or a power brick The important thing will be that it supplies a decent voltage and enough current to supply all of the components The voltage that comes from this wall wart or power brick is a noisy voltage somewhat around what is specified For example a 9V wall wart will not give exact
197. the team will be able to better recognize how to design the main board Following the various schematics behind the devices will allow the project team to integrate these into the printed circuit board Once the devices can communicate with one another the software design will be thought about After doing much research and thinking about the design of the GuSu prototype another methodology can be put into practice this is the implementation phase of the project which is discussed in the following section 1 5 Implementation Methodology This section describes the implementation phase of the design The implementation will include the actual building and testing of the prototype The purpose of going about the implementation step of designing will ultimately be the deciding factor in which the design will succeed or fail As seen in the two previous sections the research was completed as well as the design brainstorming and production After these steps were completed the GuSu project team will now apply this background information into a real working prototype The first step in achieving this methodology will be to assemble the purchased devices in a safe and secure environment The purpose of building this in a safe environment will ensure the devices stay intact and also the builders Various methods will be used when constructing the devices such as soldering wiring and testing When soldering and wiring up each device to one another as well
198. the time to contact us and request permission to use them Regards Janette Skeim Internet Media Production Supervisor Digi Key Corporation Direct 1 800 338 4105 ext 1351 From ajleger85 hotmail com mailto ajleger85 hotmail com Sent Thursday March 12 2009 11 53 AM To webmaster digikey com Subject Site Questions lt Andrew Leger gt Site Questions US First Name Andrew Last Name Leger Company NA Email ajleger85Ghotmail com Phone 321 412 6619 Fax Request Hi my name is Andrew Leger and I just purchased a couple parts from your website I am a senior at UCF and am enrolled in Senior Design and I was wondering if I could use the images from the datasheets of these parts in out design documentation report with proper credit given of course or if this is something I have to email the manufacturers about Thanks in advance Andrew Leger Page 136 Figure 4 2 2 1 2 superheterodyne receiver schematic From Andrew Leger ajleger85 hotmail com Sent Mon 3 02 09 10 28 AM To webmaster hans egebo dk Hi My name is Andrew Leger and am a student at the University of Central Florida majoring in Electrical Engineering My senior design group is doing a project that involves FM reception and we were hoping to include your schematic of a superheterodyne receiver located at http www hans egebo dk Tutorial fimages Superhet gif in our documentation report Of course proper credit will be give
199. this design Figure 1 6 1 shows the GuSu milestone chart Taking into account all of these factors it is key to implement project management in a plan this complex otherwise it could be extremely difficult to meet all of the goals that have been set beforehand Page 6 2 13 2009 Have Parte on order 2 13 2009 4 14 2009 First half of design paper completed 6 23 2009 Prototyping completed Y 7 14 2009 2 6 2009 N Final paper presentation Finalize Parts list 3 3 2009 3 17 2009 4 14 2009 4 28 2009 N N First Code draft completion Finalize design paper 4 1 2009 3 3 2009 5 15 2009 First prototype completed be pee 5 15 2009 5 29 2009 Testing and modification of prototype 6 14 2009 1 28 2009 1 29 2009 Narrow Down list of available parts and their alternatives 1 29 2009 1 28 2009 Finish Initial Project and Group Identification document Submit completed Initial Project and Group Identification document Figure 1 6 1 Milestone chart showing project schedule and deadlines Back in the beginning of January 2009 when the Senior Design semester started the students were told to break into groups of three or four All four of the group members have previously been in classes with one another and knew that this team would work well together Every Tuesday and Thursday after the morning class the GuSu team would meet with one another to discuss project ideas and research methods After deciding on the GuSu design the
200. tion The GuSu unit s outer housing is planned to be made of wood which meets all of these criteria so purchasing lighter weight wood for the construction of the focusing lens keeps overall production simple and additional tools are not required In addition wood is easily colored and re colored allowing the user to either stylize or camouflage the lens As for the actual design of the focusing lens it should resemble lenses or fixtures that are used to focus a light source since the sensor only needs to illuminate a small area or in this case only receive light waves from that focused area One thing common among light focusing fixtures is their tendency to have the light source placed deep within a long often cylindrical housing 43 While making a cylindrical wooden housing would be time consuming a polygonal shape should suffice such as octagonal or perhaps even more sides as the more sides there are the more round the overall inner and outer surface becomes Experimentation will be required to find the best depth and side number for the lens Although a good starting point is eight sides with a depth from front to back of four inches The diagrams in figure 6 2 1 illustrate the lens housing sensor mounting and wiring between the GuSu unit and the PIR sensor Passive Mounted Infrared Sensor Sensor Viewing Angle Wooden Housing Bedding Area Figure 6 2 1 PIR Sensor Mounted Schematic Page 69 6 3 S
201. tion and implementation should not be overly complex This feature does however fit along the design ideals for the GuSu system that improve the seamlessness and flexibility of the system Before discussing the functions and modes in depth the global variables are named and defined in figure 10 2 1 1 Explicit pin numbering will also be saved as global variables for easy access and changing and are laid out explicitly in table 3 3 1 e Int MP3data pin o Pin number assignment number for the MP3 decoder data line e Int MP3control pin o Pin number assignment number for the MP3 decoder control line e Int AUDiOmux pin o Pin number assignment for the audio line control mux e Int POWERmux pin o Pin number assignment for the power mux control e Int BUZZERmux pin o Pin number assignment for the buzzer mux control e Int SENSOR pin o Pin number assignment for sensor output e Int SDdata pin o Pin number assignment for the SD card slot data line e Int SDcontrol pin o Pin number assignment for the SD card slot control line e Int CLOCKin pin o Pin number assignment for the clock s in data stream e Int CLOCKout pin o Pin number assignment for the clock s out data stream e Int CLOCKalarm pin o Pin number assignment for the clock s alarm interrupt signal Page 107 enum modules MP3 FM LOUD SOFT Coffee XBEE Light XBEE o Enumerated list of modules available at alarm time used for ordering alarm actions int alarmActionOrder 6 o
202. tions and the ultimate goal will be to see if the team can hear MP3s out of the speaker This device will need to be tested along with the microcontroller and MP3 decoder to see if it is working properly whereas some of the other modules can be tested by themselves Page 44 5 0 User Interface 5 1 Motivation In designing a user interface assumptions must be made and stuck to about the environment and user An assumption that will affect most of the assumptions to follow is that the system will most likely be interacted with between dusk and dawn For the environment there is a bedroom likely low lit and the GuSu device positioned within arm s reach from the bed For the user it is assumed they are not fully awake either due to being sleepy or having just been awoken by the system It is also assumed that the user is a legal adult and has had interactions with basic consumer electronics and alarm clocks Keeping these assumptions in mind the more basic and default options given to the user should function as the user expects them to rather than a method that is easier to implement or seems more sensible Designs on paper can often seem perfectly intuitive and even innovative but once realized can be clumsy or frustrating In the design of the GuSu s overall user interface the combined graphical user interface and physical user interface are built around these ideals with the previously mentioned assumptions to create an interface that is
203. tmel AVR microcontrollers include a 32 kHz crystal oscillator for use during Power Save mode This lowers the current consumption during Power Save mode down to 650nA Since the coffee machine will not be running continuously the microcontroller will be able to be placed in power save mode and have wake up events based on button presses or randomly to check for new information from the alarm clock ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT vs LOW FREQUENCY 0 1 1 0 MHz 5 5 V 5 0 V 4 5 V 4 0 V 3 3 V 2 7 V 1 8V 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 Frequency MHz Figure 3 2 2 2 1 Supply Current Requirements Reprinted with permission Atmel 5 3 2 2 3 Software Atmel provides a free IDE that can be used for writing and debugging applications written for all of its chips The IDE is also used to compile and flash the microcontroller It also includes a simulator that can be used to aid in application development and testing It allows for program writing in C Pascal BASIC and assembly There is also an open source IDE called Arduino Sanguino 6 7 It enables descriptive coding and simplifies the programming The boot loader is compatible with both the ATmega164 and the ATmega644P Atmel s IDE and Arduino s both have extensive support available online Page 16 3 2 2 4 Physical Package Both megaAVRs are available as dual inline packages This makes these chips good for use in the project because soldering these chips can be d
204. tware will show the user what pins need to be connected to what other pins Now the software has an automated feature that may be worth looking into that will automatically connect all the different traces but with a board as complex as this one it may be more fool proof if the group decides to manually trace the lines in the program A third option for software to use for the PCB board is Eagle This program is pretty top notch and multiple good tutorials were found for it online A great benefit to the program is that there are huge libraries containing most ICs available to download However the program is expensive running 747 dollars for 1 user to make a board about the size this group would need There is a freeware version offered but it is limited to 4 x 3 2 inch board dimensions The final board that will be used for the alarm clock will most certainly exceed these dimensions 11 2 Implementation The software chosen was the ExpressSCH along with the ExpressPCB These were chosen for their ease of use helpful quick tutorial 63 the fact that it was free and most importantly the connection between the schematic and the PCB programs for error checking Each group member downloaded the free programs so that schematics created on one machine would be able to be seen and checked on the other member s computers First the tutorial from www usna edu was run through using both the ExpressSCH and the ExpressPCB software 63
205. ud buzzer This will give the user the option for a rising alarm sound that for some can be a gentler way to wake up rather than sudden or loud noises This will improve the GuSu system s ability to accomplish its overall goal of waking the user properly which encourages the user to arise from bed and stay out of bed rather than simply react to a disturbance and return to slumber 10 2 3 5 XBEE cycle This function will be called most often as it must act as the middleman between the GuSu system and all Zigbee devices in range On startup a signal must be sent to the Zigbee module to create a network and start accepting connections from nearby devices The XBEE run function will send activation signals to Zigbee devices accept and examine information returned from the Zigbee module log disconnection times and provide the necessary data for the microcontroller to display during SetMode and RunMode what devices have succeeded in connecting with the GuSu system Disconnects especially with the tracking device used for checking when the user has left their home must also be reported to the GuSu system and handled accordingly 10 2 3 6 Run Alarm The above functions are all called by this function which is entered when the alarm time is reached and the GuSu system is in RunMode Upon entering this method a check is made to the alarmActionOrder array and the number given is used to decide which Boolean to check to see if that action was enabled by
206. uld use to pass MP3 files through the MP3 decoder and to Page 38 the speaker There are many types of storage devices out on the market today Some of the devices are Compact Flash USB storage hard drives and even SD cards SD is a short acronym for Secure Digital which was developed by the Matsushita SanDisk and Toshiba companies The purposes of these devices were to be used as portable solid state drives which could transfer pictures videos and other data The main use of these storage devices were to be used in cameras PDAs and video game consoles to name a few SD has been gaining momentum in recent years due to its relatively small size and large capacity compared to other storage mediums Card Wiath Length Thickness mm Volume mm 2 Mass g mm mm Compact Flash I 43 0 36 0 3 3 5108 3 3 Compact Flash II 43 0 36 0 5 0 7740 Smart Media 37 0 45 0 0 76 1265 2 0 MMC MMCplus 24 0 32 0 1 4 1075 1 3 RS MMC 24 0 16 0 1 4 538 1158 MMCmobile MMCmicro 14 0 12 0 1 1 185 Memory Stick 21 5 50 0 2 8 3010 4 0 Standard Memory Stick Duo 20 0 31 0 1 6 992 2 0 Memory Stick Micro 12 5 15 0 1 2 225 2 0 SD 24 0 32 0 2 1 1613 2 0 miniSD 20 0 21 5 1 4 602 1 0 microSD 15 0 11 0 1 0 165 0 27 xD 25 0 20 0 1 78 890 2 8 USB Varies Varies Varies Varies Varies Table 4 2 4 1 1 The relative sizes and masses of various multimedia storage devices 22 After researching into the different types of storage devices through various websites the tea
207. ure the modules XBee configuration is started with the command Once the XBee transmits ok configuration data can be sent to the module Once each configuration level is sent the configuration parameter will be checked by sending the same command without the parameter If configured correctly the entered data should be echoed back to the console The default settings allow other XBee modules to communicate with each other to prevent interference from other modules or in the event that another user is using the same configuration parameters the settings will be customized There are multiple parameters for each of the modules to talk to each other Each of the parameters needs to be configured and saved to ensure proper communication Each module must be on the same network by setting the ID parameter see configuration below for details on setting the parameters The modules must also be on the same channel by setting the CH parameter The baud rate of each device must also be set at the same rate Finally each module s destination address destination high DH and destination low DL must be configured These parameters determine which modules on the particular and network and channel will receive the data it transmits The destination high and destination low parameters can be configured in a few ways e Ifa module s DH is 0 and its DL is less than OxFFFF i e 16 bits data transmitted by that module will be received b
208. ures of the uOLED 160 G1 The left image shows the display sitting on top of the chip while the right image is the back of the OLED LCD display The GOLDELOX GFX graphics processor Page 49 situated in the middle of the chip it is a black square The graphics processing unit will be defined in further detail in section 5 2 3 of the document Figure 5 2 1 3 The pOLED 160 G1 LCD display as well as circuit board it is connected to Reprinted with permission from 4D Systems 5 2 2 Implementation Strategy The alarm clock will also be integrated with a LCD display for easy user access The LCD display will be integrated into the alarm clock through the microcontroller that has been chosen in this design The main purpose of having this display is so that the user will have an easy way to access the controls of the alarm clock Some of the common features that will be used on this display are a friendly user control panel as well as some buttons The user control panel will allow whoever is using the alarm clock to set their time alarm time and other features that will be discussed in detail The buttons will provide support to the user to change settings within the control panel As seen in Figure 5 2 1 3 the SD card will be inserted at the back and base of the LCD display Powering the uOLED 160 G1 will be the GOLDELOX GFX graphics processor this module will be discussed in further detail in section 5 2 3 of the document Also shown in F
209. using one of the many available free and open source audio recording software as the alarm s wake up sound greatly widening the alarm s range of available options for waking it s user The storage of MP3 files is handled by the on board Secure Disk SD card slot discussed in its own section In order to make use of the data stored on the SD card hardware and or software is required in order to decode the files and process them ID3 tags can also be handled to display the song name and artist on the GuSu s LCD screen Whatever method is used must interface easily with the GuSu s micro controller and sound output 4 2 3 1 Research Due to the GuSu s architecture a software solution to handling MP3 audio playing would require many hours of coding and pins to be dedicated to reading from the SD slot and passing along audio to the GuSu s speaker output greatly decreasing the number of available pins for other uses A hardware solution involving an MP3 decoder chip is a much more convenient and stable solution considering pins would only be required to send control signals to the MP3 decoder chip and relieve the engineers of the burden of software creation and testing The team put a lot of effort into researching what MP3 Decoder to use with the GuSu prototype and it proved to be a difficult challenge deciding which decoder would work best with the design at hand One of the main sources that were used in looking for MP3 decoders was Sparkfun electronics
210. ust environment The Arduino IDE is very simple and straightforward in comparison and is pictured below in figure 10 1 2 1 A significant option that comes with Arduino is its ability to be extended using C libraries meaning that if it is found a certain C function or library would enhance the software it can be included as needed Much like C C Arduino can also be compiled using a make file and command prompt adding yet another degree of flexibility As mentioned earlier the overall function of the GuSu unit is relatively simple and implementing the software should not require Page 105 strict object oriented or higher level programming that a simulation or complex system control would Therefore the software shall be structured using specialized functions variables and parameters to run all functional systems actions and menus HeartsSimulation Microsoft Visual Studio eie 000 Arduino 0015 File Edit View Project Build Debug Tools Test Window Help fey E Bl Gy dd Za TERA ET oy b Debug z Win32 bat z nE PE s 09Gmug5a4 Y SimModels b SimModels cpp Start Page vx Explorer Solutio 2 X import bangarang A m selectCard std sstring suit std string v SME OLOR ModS 5 Cf HeartsSimulation n P s 383 else if sui 384 if type R AppError h for int i 8 i lt Nalarm ctions i f SimMgmt h do alarm ction i les I Source Fil
211. vantage of being structured and created as a Processing Wiring language reducing the amount of abstraction between physical microcontroller hardware and software written to control it While C is an excellent language for higher level systems and complex software packages the GuSu alarm system in the grand scale of things is a rather simple system overall and would benefit more from the use of Arduino than C To further this point the two languages are compared below in the following table Uo MANUEL RN Compiler Developer Visual Studio Xcode Environment Available Bloodshed Dev C Arduino 0015 Programming Language Support All C C libraries All AVR g constructs Operating System Support Windows OS X Linux Windows OS X Linux Table 10 2 2 1 Comparison of Programming Languages The reasons for choosing an Atmel microcontroller are fully discussed in section 3 0 in addition there are several reasons Arduino is a good platform from a software perspective Full operating system support alone makes the IDE very attractive as the team members regularly use Windows XP Windows Vista and Mac OS X and thus team efforts towards programming and debugging will be easier compared to a development platform such as Xilinx and VHDL which are primarily supported on Windows A minor factor is graphical user interface of the development software which Xilinx and most C development suites sacrifice simplicity to provide a flexible and rob
212. ve 10 1 Software Research 10 1 1 Alternatives The GuSu system architecture could be controlled and run solely by hardware using binary logic Binary clocks abstracted boolean logic transistors to flip on and off the various alarm systems and other controls could theoretically accomplish anything software would do However as possible as this is it is highly implausible and would greatly increase the time for design construction and debug of the system User control would become excessively complex and as college students the team does not have access to materials and equipment for making miniature electronics and this if the system was built to run on hardware only its size and weight would increase beyond the specifications chosen for the GuSu unit s housing Similar discussions involved implementing Page 104 the internal clock using binary logic gates but the advantages of ordering a component that is pre made and tested far outweighed the disadvantages of going ahead with making one from scratch Thus all of the GuSu alarm system s functions and sub systems will be controlled through software run on the central microprocessor 10 1 2 Programming Languages The microcontrollers investigated to run the GuSu device interpret C C and the descriptive programming language Arduino Since C has all the abilities of C and more it of course would be very advantageous to use over C Arduino which is C like in syntax has the ad
213. ve been made available to these alarm clocks such as new user interfaces and downloadable content The Go Go American lifestyle has changed throughout recent decades with more and more people working longer hours In consequence to this more people are losing sleep due to the constant stress of work school and children But in order to keep their current lifestyles these demands must be met Figure Page 1 1 0 1 shows a day in the life of a typical American employee as researched by the National Sleep Foundation A Day in the Life of a Typical American Worker Time Before d F Leaving for E Time in Bed 5 hours 6 minutes 6 hours 55 minutes z 1 z 3 P t 3 z 8 82 8 3 3 P o 1 D e Figure 1 0 1 Shows the day in the life of a typical American Worker Reprinted with permission from the National Sleep Foundation According to the National Sleep Foundation the average time spent sleeping every night is between six and seven hours while the National Sleep Foundation recommends that people get between seven and nine hours of sleep to function at their peak performance Some other staggering statistics that were found is that about 25 of American workers tend to take a quick nap while at the workplace and more than half of the American workforce brings home some of their work to complete 1 These figures show how not getting enough sleep at home can hinder employment productivity and performance Now bea
214. vice Pin MUX Pin 1 DO Pin 5 MP3 Control MUX Pin 2 D1 Pin 2 FM OUT Buzzer Pin 3 D2 Power Buzzer BZCTRL Clock DS1305 Pin 4 D3 Pin 10 CE CLKSS Clock DS1305 Pin 6 MOSI Pin 13 SDO CLKXMIT Clock DS1305 Pin 7 MISO Pin 12 SDI CLKRX Clock DS1305 Pin 8 SCK Pin 11 SCLK CLKSRL Clock DS1305 Pin 12 XTAL2 Pin 15 32 KHz Clockout MP3 Data STA013 Pin 5 D4 Pin 7 BIT_EN MP3 Data STA013 Pin 7 MISO Pin 5 SDI MP3 Data STA013 Pin 8 SCK Pin 6 SCKR MP3 Control Pin 3 SDA MP3 Control Pin 4 SCL LCD Pin 14 RXO Pin 5 LCDRX LCD Pin 15 TXO Pin 3 LCDXMIT XBee Pin 16 RX1 Pin 2 DOUT XBee Pin 17 TX1 Pin 3 DIN Button up Pin 35 D26 Button Button Down Pin 36 D27 Button Button Left Pin 37 D28 Button Button Right Pin 38 D29 Button Button Select Pin 39 D30 Button PIR Pin 40 D31 Digital Out Table 3 3 1 Pin Assignments for ATmega644P 3 4 Test Plan This will include testing of the sleep function sending data serially and receiving data serially The sleep function will be tested by programming the microcontroller with a simple application that will put it to sleep and wake it up after a given amount of time During this test an amp meter will be used to monitor the amount of current being used by the microcontroller If the results from the amp meter reflect the appropriate values expected for sleep mode and active mode operation then it passes the test Howev
215. website Thanks for your time and your response Andrew Page 134 Figure 4 2 2 1 5 RE permission to use copyrighted picture From Shannon L Pleasant Shannon Pleasant silabs com Sent Tue 3 03 09 11 36 AM To ajleger amp 5Ghotmail com Hi Andrew you have permissino to use the image if you could just provide us with the context it will be used in ie the chapter or section that describes the image Thanks Shannon Pleasant Director of Corporate Communications Silicon Laboratories From Andrew Leger To DL Feedback Sent Mon Mar 02 18 33 58 2009 Subject permission to use copyrighted picture Hi My name is Andrew Leger and am currently a student at UCF working towards my undergraduate degree We are doing a Senior Design project that incorporates an FM tuner and we were hoping to include the image of the Si4704 05 block diagram located at https www silabs com SiteCollectionimages Block 20Diagrams Si4704_05 BD jpg in our report Of course proper credit will be given Please let me know if that would be acceptable and thanks in advance realize this may not be the proper place to send it but the contact us section did not have an applicable area Thanks Andrew Figures 4 2 4 1 3 7 1 7 1 9 2 1 1 2 9 2 1 1 3 9 2 1 1 4 From Marketing marketing sparkfun com You may not know this sender Mark as safe Mark as junk Sent Tue 3 10 09 5 08 PM To ajleger85 hotmail com Hello Andrew Thanks for
216. y any module whose 16 bit address MY parameter equals DL Page 76 e If DH is 0 and DL equals OxFFFF the module s transmissions will be received by all modules e If DH is non zero or DL is greater than OxFFFF the transmission will only be received by the module whose serial number equals the transmitting module s destination address i e whose SH equals the transmitting module s DH and whose SL equals its DL 7 0 4 Configuration The available configuration options available for using the XBee modules are listed in table 7 0 4 1 There are other commands supported but the XBee module will only be used as a virtual serial port between the microcontrollers only the options listed below will be used Command Description Valid Values Default Value ID The network ID of the XBee 0 OXFFFF 3332 module CH The channel of the XBee module Ox0B Ox1A 0X0C SHandSL_ The serial number of the XBee 0 different for each module SH gives the high 32 OxFFFFFFFF module bits SL the low 32 bits Read for only both SH and SL The 16 bit address of the 0 OXFFFF module DHandDL The destination address for 0 0 for wireless communication DH is OxFFFFFFFF both DH and DL the high 32 bits DL the low 32 for both DH and DL The baud rate used for serial 0 1200 bps 3 9600 baud communication with the Arduino board or computer 7 115200 bps Table 7 0 4 1 Common Serial Configuration Parameters Reprinted pending permission
217. y are pretty pricy Especially if this were to ever try to be implemented in a marketable fashion there is no way to justify soending over 75 dollars for a power supply that could be implemented with under 25 dollars While it will definitely be an option to consider in the design phase depending on the complexity of the rest of the project it is unlikely that it would be the better option Earlier it was mentioned that a step down may be needed in some cases This is because it can oftentimes be much easier to take our regulated 5V DC voltage and step it down to the desired voltage e g 3 3V than to build a second entire power supply wall wart regulator combo That much is obvious Of course a simple method to produce 3 3V from 5V is to put two resistors in series from the 5V line to ground with the relative resistances being 1 7 3 3 For example a 170 ohm resistor in series with a 330 resistor would drop 3 3V between them if they were put in series in that order However with this configuration it would actually be very important to know a constant load being drawn from the stepped down voltage as this load would be in parallel to the 330 ohm resistor If it was anything other than much higher than 330 ohms it would affect the actual resistance seen from the 5V line and affect the dropped down voltage Another more feasible option in many circumstances is to purchase a DC voltage step down converter There are a couple different t
218. ypes of voltage converters and basic ones can be implemented very easily if there is a known input and output voltage An example of a 5V to 3 3V step down step up is shown below in Figure 9 2 1 1 5 This is the LM3350 from National Semiconductors and is available from Digi Key for 2 02 per unit 57 The advantages of such a converter are the ease of installation the size the example below is about 2X 1 inches and the low cost The disadvantage is that it is not variable so the required output voltage must be known in advance Page 97 Step Down Converter Viy 5V LM3350 Vout 3 3Y 10000202 Figure 9 2 1 1 5 The LM3350 5V to 3 3V Step down converter Reprinted with permission from Digi Key Another option is a variable output voltage converter One of these is a 10W adjustable step down switching regulator DE SWADJ 58 This is adjustable with a screw and could easily be set to the desired output voltage while using a multimeter This specific model costs 15 00 and shipping is 1 25 internationally While it is slightly more expensive it needs no external parts and would be much easier to implement The fact that it is adjustable makes it easy to use with changing objectives in an initial design such as this one This way if the projects power needs change the step down voltage can change with it without rendering any previously built PCBs and designs worthless One disadvantage is that it is larger but sti

Final Documentation - University of Central Florida

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