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1. RAJV ANIVREF lt 5 RBI PGM RAAJTOCKUCIOUT lt 6 a RB RAS AN4 S5 C20UT s 17 q e RBI REQORDANS lt 8 H RBOMNT RE1 WRIANG lt 9 gt VDD REZICSJANT I st s Vas VDD L ROTIPSP7 Vss s C TA RDE PSPE OSCA CLKI RDSPSP5 OSC2ICLKO y s a RDAIPSP4 RCOTIOSOTICKI CI a RCTIRXIDT RCUTIOSICCP2 Ci lt RCBITXICK ROZICOPI RC5 SDO RCWSCKISCL I e RC4 SDI SDA ROQIPSPO RD3PSP3 RDUPSP1 lt 20 RD2 PSP2 Figure2 1 Pin out of PIC 16F877A 11 8 PORTA RAD ANO RAT AN1 RAZIANDIVREF ICVREF RAYVANINREF RASITOCKIIC1OUT RASIAN4 SS C20UT 8 Level Stack 13 bit RAM Adidriti 4 9 j Y indirect Addr Program Bus 8 RBO INT R81 R82 R83 PGM R84 RBS RBE PGC RB7 PGD instruction i Decode amp gt Control a Timing La A le OSC1 CLKI OSC2 CLKO RCOTTOSO TICKI RCUTIOSUCCP2 RC2 CCP1 RCNSCKISCL RCSISDIISDA RCSISDO RCBITDUCK RC7 RX DT Synchronous Voltage Figure 2 2 Block Diagram of PIC16F877A 12 2 3 LCD Display Short for liquid crystal display a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to2. initial display send string SUCCESSI Display SUCCESS on led led green i Green light on relay 1 relay on beep sms 0 beep sms delay 1000000 goto labell continue system with jump to labell else fail fail l increasing number of fail password enter led clrQ clear led led goto 0 initial display send string ERROR Display ERROR on lcd led red l red light on beep twice beep once time delay 500000 goto labell continue system with jump to labell Se SS ey scanning functions SS Sy void clearrowl void clear the Ist row and set the others RE1 0 RE1 REO RA5 and RA4 are the output pins from PIC which Y connect to 4 pins of keypad REO 1 RA5 1 65 RA4 1 void clearrow2 void clear the 2nd row and set the others RE1 1 REO 0 RA5 1 RA4 1 void clearrow3 void clear the 3rd row and set the others RE1 1 REO 1 RA5 0 RA4 1 void clearrow4 void clear the 4th roe and set the others RE1 1 REO 1 RA5 1 RA4 0 void scancolumni void if RAO 0 if key l is being pressed while RAO 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char
3. keypad scanning algorithm and read write EEPROM function 22 3 2 Design Overview 4x4 Keypad 2x16 LCD Display bibi LoL Li PIC 16F577A Microcontroller Magnetic Lock Figure 3 1 Design Overview Figure 3 1 shows the overall design concept of the project This project shows the basic of developing a secured room access system using microcontroller From the figure 3 1 keypad is the input of the system while magnetic lock and the LCD display are the outputs of the system First of all the microcontroller will set to a wait state in order to wait for the first button being pressed where to read the input from keypad For the new user the password will read and store in EEPROM initially After setting the password the data stored in the EEPROM will read and use to compare with the key enter by the user in order to access the restricted area 23 After that the matching result will show on the LCD display and LEDs indicator If the key in password same with master password system will ask for the setting new password If key in password same with the store password magnetic lock will be open and green led on For entering wrong password the door will be remaining close and red ledon User are only given 3 trial to enter the correct password if the wrong password detected 3 times in sequence the system will stuck and ask the user to contact the administrator 3 3 Hardware Implementation This section will di
4. PASSWORD SET beep once delay 500000 goto goto labell labell 62 www labell led green 0 label the point of repeatation led red 0 relay 0 led clrQ led_goto 0 initial display send_string PLEASE ENTER Display PLEASE ENTER on lcd lcd_goto 20 send string 6 DIGIT PASSWORD if fail 3 led clrQ led goto 0 Display on 2nd line Display 6 DIGIT PASSWORD on lcd initial display send string CONTACT SYSTEM Display THE DEVICE WILL on led lcd goto 20 Display on 2nd line send string ADMINISTRATOR Display EXPLODE IN 5 MIN on led while 1 while 1 clearrowl scancolumnl clearrow2 scancolumn2 clearrow3 scancolumn3 clearrow4 scancolumn4 if password_coun infinity loop keypad scanning algorithm Clear Ist output pin and set the others scan column 1 4 Clear 2nd output pin and set the others scan column 1 4 Clear 3rd output pin and set the others scan column 1 4 Clear 4th output pin and set the others scan column 1 4 t 6 password count 0 pass store 0J pass store 1 pass storel21 pass storel31 pass_store 4 pass store 5J if keyin cha keyin cha compare the keyin va keyin cha is master password o ead eeprom 0x00 read the store passw
5. on led on 2nd line PASSWORD on led lst output pi co umn 1 4 2nd output pi u d output pi umn 4th output pi umn varification compare the keyin value with id value to verify whether keyin_char 4 id_ value 4 amp amp keyin_char 5 id value 5 password is correct write eeprom pass_store 0 0x00 password to the eeprom CHANGED on led write eeprom pass_store 1 0x01 write eeprom pass_store 2 0x02 write eeprom pass_store 3 0x03 write eeprom pass_store 4 0x04 write eeprom pass_store 5 0x05 led clrQ lcd goto 0 send string PASSWORD CHANGED beep once delay 500000 pad scanning algorith and nd nd nd set t set t set t set t 63 Y Y write the new enter initial display Display PASSWORD Y 64 goto labell else led clrQ lcd goto 0 initial display send string VARIFY FAILED Display VARIFY FAILED on lcd delay 500000 goto labell else if keyin char l0 pass_store 0 amp amp keyin_char 1 pass_store 1 88 keyin_char 2 pass_store 2 amp amp keyin char 3 pass_store 3 tk compare the keyin value with the store value to test whether keyin_char 4 pass_store 4 amp amp keyin_char 5 pass_store 5 M passvord is correct fail 0 led clrQ clear lcd lcd goto 0
6. 8000 0 20000 1 8000 0 69 70 LCD functions gj SS void send config unsigned char data rs 0 clear rs into config mode lcd data data delay 50 e pulse void send char unsigned char data rs 1 set rs into write mode lcd data data delay 50 e pulse void e pulse void e 1 delay 50 e 0 delay 50 void lcd_goto unsigned char data if data lt 16 else send config 0x80 data data data 20 send config 0xc0tdata void lcd clr void send config 0x01 delay 50 void send string const char s unsigned char i 0 while s amp amp s send_char ks gjo SS write and read EEPROM functions gj SS unsigned char read eeprom unsigned char address unsigned char byte Variable hold the data that is read EECON1 0 EEADR address Read from this address 71 RD 1 Initiate a read cycle byte EEDATA Fetch byte from dataregister return byte Return the read byte void write eeprom unsigned char data unsigned char address EECON1 0 EEADR address Address to write to 0x00 to OxFF EEDATA data Data to write WREN 1 Enable writes to the EEProm while GIE GIE 0 Disable interrupts during write EECON2 0x55 Register not implemented on 16F684 EECON2 Oxaa strange that this is required
7. WR 1 Initiate a write cycle while EEIF Wait for write to complete WREN 0 Disable writes to EEProm EEIF 0 Clear write complete flag GIE 1 Reenable interrupts
8. mikrokontroler Kod yang digunakan dalam projek ini ditulis dalam bahasa C supaya bit dan register dalam mikrokontroler senang diedit and dikawal CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE TITLE PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background 1 2 Problem Statement 1 3 Project Objectives 14 Scope of Project 1 5 Thesis Outline 1 6 Gantt Chart PAGE 11 111 1v vi vil xi xiii xiv Bb BR WO WO NR vii LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1 Introduction 2 2 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 2 3 LCD Display 2 4 4x4 Matrix Keypad 2 5 Magnetic Contact 2 6 History of Security Door Lock 2 7 Combinational Lock 2 8 Electronic Lock METHODOLOGY 3 1 Introduction 3 2 Design Overview 3 3 Hardware Implementation 3 3 1 Power Supply 3 3 2 2x16 LCD Display 3 3 3 Relay 3 4 Software Implementation 3 4 1 Main System Programming 3 4 2 Keypad Scanning Algorithm 3 4 3 Read Write EEPROM RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4 1 Introduction 4 2 Hardware Development 4 2 1 Schematic 4 2 2 Pin Configuration 4 2 3 Circuit Design 4 3 Software Development 12 13 15 17 18 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 27 29 29 31 34 35 35 36 36 38 viii 4 3 1 Programming Process 4 3 2 Compiling Process 4 3 3 Burning Process 4 4 Demonstration Result 4 5 Discussion CONCLUSION 5 1 Introduction 5 2 Con
9. the user must be aware of the voltage regulator otherwise will get scalded There is a diode can be found in the circuit shown in the figure 3 3 which is function as a protector to the circuit from the wrong polarity connection Besides that there are 4 capacitor can be found in the circuit which are function to stabilize the voltage at the input side and output side of the voltage regulator In addition there is a green LED connected at the output side of the voltage regulator which function to indicate the power status of the circuit and the resistor connect with the LED is use to protect the LED from getting over current flow and cause the LED getting burn 3 3 2 2x16 LCD Display LCD Modules can present textual information to user It s like a cheap monitor that you can hook in all of your gadgets There are several types of LCD display can be found in the market The most popular one can display 2 lines of 16 characters The LCD modules use in the project consists of 16 pins for interfacing The function of LCD modules used in this system is to display the welcome note to the user and asked the user to enter the password number Figure 3 4 shows the sample of 2x16 LCD Display and table 3 1 shows the LCD pins function and configuration JEEE ala Figure 34 2x16 LCD Display Table 3 1 LCD pins function and configuration Pin Name Pin function Connection 2 VCC Positive supply 5V for LCD 3 VEE Brightnes
10. consists of five chapters and each chapter is briefly discussed here The first chapter introduced the problem statement project objectives and scope of project While chapter 2 reviews the background and theory that is related to this project Chapter 3 presents the project methodology and application tool that have been used in this project The results for each stage in the system and discussion of the overall result will be shown in chapter 4 In the last chapter the research work is summarized and some recommendations are proposed for future development 1 6 Gantt Chart Gantt chart shows the overall project planning to ensure the project was accomplished at the end of the semester First semester s Gantt chart shows the planning on development of project concept and proposal writing Second semester s Gantt chart shows the planning on both software and hardware implementation Table 1 1 FYP1 s Gantt chart Tas Week 14 15 16 briefing onFYP1 Meeting with supervisor Propose and select PSM title Do the literature review on selected FYP title Data and information searching and collection Submit proposal and progress evaluation Preparation for presentation Presentationof FYP1 Report writing Report submission Table 1 2 FYP2 s Gantt chart Task week Meeting with super
11. goto uns d led clr void id id id id d clearrowl vo d clearrow2 vo id clearrow3 vo id clearrow4 vo d beep_once void id beep twice void d beep_sms void d scancolumnl void d scancolumn2 void id scancolumn3 void d scancolumn4 void d send config unsigned char data id send char unsigned char data igned char data unsigned char read eeprom unsigned char address voi d write eeprom unsigned char data unsigned char address el ale ES un un un E c EE vo signed char signed char signed char password har har har a har fail 0 basara count t O id value 6J keyin char 6J pass storel6 master password 6 654321 Declare an array to stall Stall the 6 digit desired the 6 digit key i password main function id main void ADCON1 0b00000110 TRISA 0b11001111 TRISB 0b00000000 TRISD 0b00000000 TRISC 0b11110000 TRISE 0b00000000 PORTC 0 PORTD 0 relay 0 buzzer 0 led_green 0 led red 0 61 set all portA pins as digital I 0 clear bit 4 amp 5 portA as output and set the rest as input set portB as output set portD as output set bit4 7 portC as input connected to 4 row of keypad set portE as output send config 0b00001001 send config 0b00000010 send config 0b00000110 send config 0b00001100 send confi
12. identification and tracking using radio waves Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader By using RFID technology this project can be used to implement a quick and convenient access system at a certain area or department 56 ii Used biometric authentication fingerprint authentication Fingerprint has been used as identifications for individuals since late 19 century and it has been discovered that every individual has different fingerprints even for identical twins Fingerprints have the properties of distinctiveness or individuality and the fingerprints of a particular person remain almost the same persistence over time These properties make fingerprints suitable for biometric uses iii Add more display message function on the LCD display The system can be improved by adding some display message function in the design where the user can choose to display some information telling the visitor about their available time or let the visitor leaving some message for the room owner 57 REFERENCES Jufri bin Md Rus Coded Security Door Employing 16F84 Microcontroller With Infrared Remote Control Features Faculty of Electrical University Technology Malaysia November 2006 Richard Barnett Larry O Cull Sarah Cox Embedded C Programming and the Microchip PIC Thomson Delmar Learning Canada 2005 John Iovine PIC microcontroller project book McGraw Hill N
13. that has been pressed For example if number 2 being pressed means the pin of RAI is detect a 0 After scan for the first row the system will proceed with the scancolumn2 scancolumn3 and scancolumn4 function in order detect the rest number such as 4 5 6 until D 3 4 3 Read Write EEPROM 34 Storing data in EEPROM is one of the methods to remain the password data when the power supply is removed Thus the user will use the same password to access the restricted area even though the system has been reset Figure 3 12 shows the Read Write EEPROM function unsigned char read eepror unsigned char address unsigned char byte EECON1 0 EEADR address RD 1 byte EEDATA return byte ariable hold the data that is read Read from this address Initiate a read cycle void write eepror unsigned char data unsigned char address w w sp bi om m 5 J u pu A pen hy m ta to WREN 1 GIE EECON2 0x55 EECON2 Oxaa WR 1 WREN 0 EEIF 0 GIE 1 Figure 3 12 to write to 0 to OxFF rite Enable writes to the EEProm Disable interrupts during write er not implemented on 16F684 uired te a write cycle Read Write EEPROM Function CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4 1 Introduction This chapter discusses the hardware and software development demonstration result and discussion of the project For the hardware development it co
14. the number of fail is equal to 3 the system will start infinite looping until the reset button being press Otherwise the system will always ask for entering password Next system will checking for the password entered by the user is that equal to the master password When entered password same with the master password the user is allow to change the stored password with the new password and storing in the EEPROM For the entered password same with the stored password the magnetic lock will open and green LED on Otherwise the number of fail will be increase by land the magnetic lock will remain close After that the system will return back to the second task Figure 3 7 Programming Flow Chart for the System 30 31 3 4 2 Keypad Scanning Algorithm Figure 3 8 Connections of the 4x4 Keypad Pins with PIC16F877A scanni functions void clearrowl void RE1 0 REO 1 RAS 1 RA4 1 void clearrow2 void RE1 1 REO 9 RAS 1 RA4 1 void clearrov3 void RE1 1 REO 1 RAS O RA4 1 void clearrow4 void RE1 1 REO 1 RAS 1 RA4 0 Figure 3 9 Clear Row Function while 1 clearrowl scancolumnl clearrowz scancolumn2 clearrow3 scancolumn3 clearrow4 scancolumn4 Figure 3 10 Keypad Scanning Algorithm void scancolumni void if RAO 90 while RA0 0 continue if password _count 0 lcd clr lcd goto password count send char keyin char password counti password count 1 else i
15. waiting the key to be released if password count 0 led clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ A Stall the A value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andy the result stall back to the variable void scancolumn2 void if RAO 0 if key 4 is being pressed while RAO 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd goto passvord count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord count 4 Stall the 4 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andy the result stall back to the variable else if RA1 0 if key 5 is being pressed while RA1 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password_count 0 led_clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord cou
16. A Configuration 2F02 User IDs FF FF FF FF Checksum E7BE Hex file sucessfully imported K MICROCHIP l Gj VDD Picket 2 T On wo veni eme Bricos E mcur Program Memory Enabled Hex Only Source F ew fypinew passwordinew password hex Figure 4 8 EE EE FE EF FEFE TE EE TETE EFF TES Er Er ES FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF EF EF EF FF FE EF FF EF EE EF EF FF FE EE FE FE EE EF FE FF FE FF FF EE EF EE EE FF EY FF FF FF f Hex file Successfully Loaded into the Programmer 45 46 File Device Family Programmer Tools Help Midrange Configuration Device PIC16F877A Configuration 2F02 User IDs FF FF FF FF Checksum E7BE NE Score a VOD Pict 2 On Read _wme Very Erase Blank Check MCLR Program Memory VI Enabled Hex Only x Source F ew fypinew passwordinew password hex 0000 3056 0008 0284 0010 2806 0018 120A 0020 307E 0028 118A 0030 0604 0038 1003 0040 3001 0048 0089 0050 1003 0058 1187 EEPROM Data Y Enabled Hex Only Z Q0 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Read Device 10 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Export Hex File oo EE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF EE FF FE FF FF FF FF EF are Sem FF FF FF EF EE Ef FF FF FE FE FF EF EF FF FF FF fy PICkit 2 Figure 4 9 Programming Su
17. Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ 1 Stall the 1 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 and the result stall back to the variable else if RA1 0 if key is being pressed while RA1 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password_count 0 led_clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to w the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord count 2 Stall the 2 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andiz the result stall back to the variable else if RA2 0 if key 3 is being pressed while RA2 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ 3 Stall the 3 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andw the result stall back to the variable else if RA3 0 if key A is being pressed the 66 while RA3 0 continue
18. Double Throw DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch contacts for example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available Refer to the Figure3 5 the relay used for the project consists of 5 pins 2 pins is the 2 end of the coil 1 is COM 1 is NO normally open and 1 is NC normally close One end of the coil is connect with the NPN transistor to amplify the small IC current to larger value required for the relay coil and another end is connected to 12V NO pin is connected to a connector which is provided to locate the magnetic door lock and COM is connected to the 12V as well in this project 28 Coil Circut symbol for a relay Figure 3 5 Relay 12 Reky SPDT RELAY O QI Figure 3 6 Magnetic Contact Circuit 29 3 4 Software Implementation For software implementation C language is used to program microcontroller Besides MPLAB is used to burn the programming hex file into the microcontroller 3 4 1 Main System Programming The flow chart for the system main program is shown in Figure 3 7 When the system is powered on the microcontroller will initialize The first task is to check whether the user is the new user or not When the user is new user system will ask for entering new password and stored in the EEPROM initially If the user is not the new user system will proceed to the next task which is checking the number of wrong password entered by the user If
19. I O pins configurations and LCD display output configuration 4 3 1 Programming Process The programming has been written using C language There are two step involve in the software programming process Firstly the programming code was compiled using the compiler into the hex file Then the hex file was burned into PIC16F887A using the burner Figure 4 3 and 4 4 shows the process of writing programming and burner programming and the flow chart of the programming process mene ao ova Programmer Figure 4 3 Programming Process Write the Programming code in C language Bum the Program into PIC 16F887A Figure 44 Flow Chart of PIC Programming 42 43 4 3 2 Compiling Process MPLAB IDE v8 30 was used to compile the C language programming code to the hex file The programming script refer to appendix successfully compiled shows in the figure 4 6 S E lal Di EY pan ww E eX s gt BH File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help mana Le Isl Dedi SHA I bea le se Deo BB Checksum 0x0102 ss naa include is E include lt pic h gt a A A A OE di configuration tr CONFIG 0x3F32 ee eee Eee define U define rs RCO fdefine e RC1 define led red RC3 fdefine led green RC2 fdefine lcd data PORTD fdefine relay RB1 define buzze
20. PSZ 19 16 Pind 1 07 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author s full name GAN CHYUAN WUU Date of birth 28 4 1988 Title SECURED ROOM ACCESS SYSTEM Academic Session 2010 2011 declare that this thesis is classified as Ll CONFIDENTIAL Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972 Pa RESTRICTED Contains restricted information as specified by the organisation where research was done IA OPEN ACCESS agree that my thesis to be published as online open access full text acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange Certified by SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR 880428 04 5401 DR IZZELDIN IBRAHIM MOHAMED ABDELAZIZ NEW IC NO PASSPORT NO NAME OF SUPERVISOR Date Sa Date 8 jet NOTES si If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED please attach with the letter from the organisation with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction T declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for award a Degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Electrical El
21. align so that light cannot pass through them Each crystal therefore is like a shutter either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light Monochrome LCD images usually appear as blue or dark gray images on top of a grayish white background Color LCD displays use two basic techniques for producing color Passive matrixis the less expensive of the two technologies The other technology called thin film transistor TFT or active matrix produces color images that are as sharp as traditional cathode ray tube CRT displays but the technology is expensive There are many types of LCDs that are designed for both special and general uses They can be optimized for static text detailed still images or dynamic fast changing video content They are used in a wide range of applications including computer monitors television instrument panels aircraft cockpit displays signage etc They are common in consumer devices such as video players gaming devices clocks watches calculators and telephones LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery powered electronic equipment 11 LCD displays come in many sizes most often named by the number of rows and then the length of the display line For example a 2x16 LCD display will have two rows of sixteen characters and a 4x20 LCD display will have four rows with twenty characters in each LCDs can be have backlig
22. ardware development which are MPLAB IDE software have been using to write the programming and PICkit 2 for tools of burning The coding used in this hardware has been written using C language for easy to edit and control the bit and register in microcontroller vi ABSTRAK Memandangkan keperluan keselamatan data dan tempat menjadi semakin meninggi maka industri kod berangka pengesahan didapati mempunyai pertumbuhan pasaran yang besar Sesuatu peranti yang kecil dan cekap telah diperkenalkan dalam projek ini untuk menjaga keselamatan di seluruh kompleks Mikrokontroler digunakan dalam projek ini telah menyumbang kepada interaksi yang cekap antara bahagian input dan output Ciri ciri khusus bagi PIC16F877A telah memberi beberapa nilai tambahan kepada sistem Kelebihan utama projek ini ialah pengguna boleh menukar kunci laluan tersimpan kepada kunci laluan yang baru dengan memasukkan master password yang tercatat dalam panduan pengguna Selain itu menyimpan kunci laluan dalam EEPROM mikrokontroler membolehkan kunci laluan tersimpan disimpan dalam ingatan walaupun bekalan elektrik telah diputuskan Tambahan pula kos dan keperluan kuasa bagi keluarga mikrokontroler yang digunakan dalam projek ini adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan keluarga mikrokontroler lain Pembanguan sistem boleh dibahagi kepada software dan hardware pembangunan dimana MPLAB IDE software digunakan untuk menulis pengaturcaraan dan PICkit 2 digunakan sebagai pembakar
23. arly improvements in pin locks included increasing the number of pins to increase security and changing the orientation of the pins to allow the key to provide the unlocking force instead of a rope thus establishing the principles of the modern pin tumbler lock 12 18 2 7 Combinational Lock A combination lock is a type of lock in which a sequence of numbers or symbols is used to open the lock The sequence may be entered using a single rotating dial which interacts with several discs orcams by using a set of several rotating discs with inscribed numerals which directly interact with the locking mechanism or through an electronic or mechanical keypad 5 From a mathematical standpoint combination lock is a misnomer In mathematics the term combination represents a set of symbols that can be in any order 1 2 3 is the same combination as 3 2 1 2 3 1 and 1 3 2 However the symbols or numbers for a lock must be entered in the correct sequence 1 2 3 will not open a lock set to 3 2 1 The correct mathematical term for a set of symbols that must be entered in a specific sequence is a permutation There are several type of combinational lock can be found in the market such as multiple dial lock and single dial lock Figure 2 8 and 2 9 shows the sample of the multiple dial lock and single dial lock 5 Figure 2 8 Figure 2 9 Multiple Dial Lock Single Dial Lock 19 20 2 8 Electronic Lock Due to the growth of the
24. ccessful File Device Family Programmer Tools Help Midrange Configuration Device PIC16F877A Configuration 2F02 User IDs FF FF FF FF Checksum E7BE CCA E LE Shoe a V0 Ci 2 O On 25 Read wie Eme BankOheck Dacia Program Memory S EEPROM Data Y Enabled Hex Only z FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF EE EE EF FESE EE EE EU KEKE FE EE EE EE EE EE EE FE EE EL EE EE EE EF TE EF EF EE FE EF EE EF Es Figure 4 10 Verification Successful 47 4 4 Demonstration Result Design Demonstration was done by using a proto board The secured room access system can be divided into 5 condition and show on the result as below First of all the user will be asked to set the new password in the EEPROM of the microcontroller Figure 4 11 shows the result of the device in power off mode Figure 4 12 shows the result of new user condition Figure 4 11 Device in Power Off Condition Figure 4 12 New User Condition Figure 4 13 Asking for Password 48 49 For the correct password entered condition the SUCCESS message will display on the LCD display green LED on and the magnetic lock will be open Result shown as the figure 4 14 and 4 15 below Figure 4 14 Correct Password Condition Figure 4 15 Magnetic Lock Open 50 For the wrong password entered cond
25. char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 and the result stall back to the variable else if RA3 0 if key C is being pressed while RA3 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 led clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ C Stall the C value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andiz the result stall back to the variable void scancolumn4 void if RAO 0 if key is being pressed while RAO 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ Stall the value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andy the result stall back to the variable else if RA1 0 if key 0 is being pressed while RA1 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 led clr Clear the LCD if the ke
26. clusion 5 3 Commercial Potential 5 4 Future Work REFERENCES APPENDICES 40 41 41 43 44 47 52 53 53 54 55 55 57 59 LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO TITLE PAGE 1 1 FYP1 s Gantt Chart 5 1 2 FYP2 s Gantt Chart 9 3 1 LCD pins function and configuration 26 4 1 Pin Configuration 38 FIGURE NO 2 1 2 2 23 2 4 2 5 2 6 21 2 8 2 9 2 10 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 LIST OF FIGURES TITLE Pin out of PIC 16F877A Block Diagram of PIC16F877A LCD Display 4x4 Matrix Keypad Keypad Circuit Magnetic Contact Installation of magnetic contact on the door or window Multiple Dial Lock Single Dial Lock Keypad Security Door Lock Design Overview IC LM7805 Power Supply Circuit 2x16 LCD Display Relay Magnetic Contact Circuit Programming Flow Chart for the System Connections of the 4x4 Keypad Pins with PIC16F877A Clear Row Function Keypad Scanning Algorithm Scan Column Function PAGE 10 11 13 14 14 15 19 19 20 22 24 24 26 28 28 30 31 31 32 32 xi 3 12 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 15 4 16 4 17 4 18 4 19 Read Write EEPROM Function Schematic Diagram Circuit Design on Proto Board Programming Process Flow Chart of PIC Programming MPLAB IDE Software Interface Compiler s Output PICkit 2 Programmer Interface Hex file Successfully Loaded into the Programmer Programming Successful Verification Succes
27. countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andi the result stall back to the variable Y A General Purpose functions A A A o void delay unsigned long data for data gt 0 data 1 void beep_once void buzzer 1 buzzer on delay 50000 buzzer 0 buzzer off void beep_twice void buzzer 1 buzzer on delay 8000 buzzer 0 buzzer off delay 13000 buzzer 1 buzzer on delay 8000 buzzer 0 buzzer off void beep_sms void buzzer 1 delay 8000 buzzer 0 O ay uzze ay uzze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay zze ay uzze O e Dm E D D DE DE D DE D DE ODE ODE OEO DS ND E DE D D D D DE DE Eos ora lt uzze 20000 a 8000 0 20000 1 8000 0 20000 30000 0 13000 30000 0 20000 1 8000 0 20000 1 8000 0 20000 1 8000 0 30000 Si 8000 0 20000 1 8000 0 20000 1 8000 0 20000 30000 0 20000 30000 0 20000 1 8000 0 20000 1
28. e secured room access system 37 Lsl RASANI Vie RASTOCEICIOUT id COUT gaarda Figure 4 1 Schematic Diagram 38 4 2 2 Pin Configuration The components and devices is connected according to pin configurations Table4 2 Port A of PIC16F887 functioned as input pin from 4x4 matrix keypad Port B C and Port D functioned as output pin for LCD display relay LED indicator and buzzer Voltage regulator was applied to regulate the supply voltage Vss and reference voltage Vref at 5V Table 4 1 Pin Configuration a a NN IO ee IN a ee 39 40 4 2 3 Circuit Design The Circuit design was tested on the proto board to check the functionality of circuit design Figure 4 2 shows the Circuit Design on Proto Board Figure 4 2 Circuit Design on Proto Board 41 4 3 Software Development Software or programming is the one of the important part for device to control interface of tools module in order to produce an intelligence devices The programming was the instructions allowed the microcontroller executed the system automatically and generated the required output The programming is written using C language because it is easy to edit and control the bit and register in microcontroller The IDE used was MPLAB version 8 30 and the programmer used was PICkit2 version 2 40 The programming scripts consists of PIC16F887A devices configurations
29. ectronics DOTE Aan anda Name of Supervisor DR IZZELDIN IBRAHIM MOHAMMED ABDELAZIZ Date 27 MAY 2011 SECURED ROOM ACCESS SYSTEM GAN CHYUAN WUU A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering Electrical Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia MAY 2011 I declare that this report entitled Secured Room Access System is the results of my own research except as cited in the references The report has not been accepted for any degree and submitted in candidature of any other degree Signature SNN UN seine BOB Name GAN CHYUAN WUU Date 27 MAY 2010 DEDICATION To my beloved father and mother Gan Ching Hoo amp Lum Kim Wah Sisters Gan Miao Yong Gan Mien Chen To all families my close friends my coursemate and all my lectures who have encouraged guided and inspired me throughout the journey of my education ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in this project However it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of supervisor and colleague I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them I am highly indebted to Dr Izzeldin for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project amp also for support in completing the project I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for providi
30. es 100 000 erase write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical 1 000 000 erase write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical Data EEPROM Retention gt 40 years Self reprogrammable under software control In Circuit Serial Programming ICSPTM via two pins Single supply 5V In Circuit Serial Programming Watchdog Timer WDT with its own on chip RC oscillator for reliable operation Programmable code protection Power saving Sleep mode Selectable oscillator options In Circuit Debug ICD via two pins v CMOS Technology Low power high speed Flash EEPROM technology Fully static design Wide operating voltage range 2 0V to 5 5V Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges Low power consumption The 16F877A is one of the most popular PIC microcontrollers and it comes in a 40 pin PDIP pin out which consist of many internal peripherals The 40 pins make it easier to use the peripherals as the functions are spread out over the pins and make it easier to decide what external devices to attach without worrying too much is there enough pins to dothe job One of the disadvantages of the device is that it has no internal oscillator so the user needs an external crystal of other clock source Figure 2 1 and 2 2 shows PIC 16F877A pin out and its block diagram 10 40 Pin PDIP MCLRVer 1 i 40 RBFPGO RADANO 2 39 RBSPGC RAVANT 3 RES RAAANZVREFICVREF 4 RE4
31. ew York 2000 PIC 16F877A Manual Datasheet Microchip Technology Inc www microchip com http en wikipedia org wiki Combination_lock Retrieved on 18 September 2010 Afzahaniff Hussin Security and Control System Faculty of Electrical University Technology Malaysia May 2008 http en wikipedia org wiki PIC microcontroller Retrieved on 25 September 2010 Anshuman Bezborah PIC Microcontroller Based Electronic Lock Electronic For You June 2010 58 Azwarina Binti Azizdin Access Control System Faculty of Electrical University Technology Malaysia April 2010 http en wikipedia org wiki Keypad Retrieved on 11 October 2010 http www spikenzielabs com SpikenzieLabs LCD How To html Retrieved on 4 February 2011 http en wikipedia org wiki Lock device Retrieved on 14 February 2011 APPENDICES Appendix A Programming Coding 59 60 e include SSS 55555555555 dd tinclude lt pic h gt aa3 seo SES SSS configuration A gt 22 CONFIG 0x3F32 A Mf detine www define rs RCO define e RC1 define led red RC3 define led green RC2 define lcd data PORTD define relay RBI define buzzer RB2 SS ARS function prototype a void ev long data voi vo vo voi voi id send string const char s voi voi vo vo vo voi voi vo voi voi vo voi id e pulse void d lcd
32. f RA1 0 while RA1 0 continue if password _count 0 led cir lcd gote password count send char keyin char password count password counti 1l else if RAz I while RA2 0 continue if password count 0jlcd clr lcd goto password count send char keyin char password counti password count 1 else if RA3 0 while RA3 0 continue if password _count 0 lcd clr lcd goto password count send char keyin char password counti password count 1 Figure 3 11 Scan Column Function 33 Figure 3 8 shows the connection of the 4x4 keypad pins with PIC16F877A For the case when number 3 of the keypad being pressed the 2 pin RA2 and REI will be shorted So the keypad pin has been divided into 2 group where 4 pins are the input and 4 pins are the output of PIC for decoding the number from keypad without using the decoder Based on the Figure 3 8 the input pin are set to RAO RA3 while RA4 RAS REO and REI are set to the output pin Figure 3 10 shows a simple keypad scanning algorithm When the user entering the 6 digit password for getting access to the restricted area the program will scan row by row and column as well which can be showed in the Figure3 9 and 3 11 The scanning algorithm consists of several steps First of all the output pin REI will be cleared and set the rest of the output pin Then the system will go through a scancolumn1 function where to detect which number of the first row
33. g 0b00111000 clear display at lcd Lcd Return to home entry mode cursor increase 1 diplay on cursor off and cursor blink off function user password a read_eeprom 0x00 read the data from eeprom address 0x00 if a Oxff led_green 0 led red 0 led clrQ clear LCD delay 1000 lcd goto 0 initial display send string ENTER NEW USER Display ENTER NEW USER on lcd led goto 20 Display on 2nd line send string PASSWORD Display PASSWORD on lcd while 1 keypad scanning algorithm clearrowl Clear 1st output pin and set the others scancolumnl scan column 1 4 clearrow2 Clear 2nd output pin and set the others scancolumn2 scan column 1 4 clearrow3 Clear 3rd output pin and set the others scancolumn3 scan column 1 4 clearrow4 Clear 4th output pin and set the others scancolumn4 scan column 1 4 if password_count 6 password count 0 pass store 0J keyin charlol pass storellJzkeyin char 1 pass storel2J keyin charl21 pass storel3Jzkeyin charl31 pass_store 4 keyin char 4 pass_store 5 keyin_ char 5 write eeprom pass_store 0 0x00 write eeprom pass_store 1 0x01 write eeprom pass_store 2 0x02 write eeprom pass_store 3 0x03 write eeprom pass_store 4 0x04 write eeprom pass_store 5 0x05 led clrQ lcd goto 0 send string
34. hting or be reflective think calculator In either case the programming that goes into working these displays is the same Most LCDs that are being made now come with one row of sixteen pins The first fourteen pins are 13 used to control the display and the last two are for the backlighting if the display has backlighting 11 Figure 2 3 show sample of the LCD display Figure 2 3 LCD Display 2 4 4x4 Matrix Keypad A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or pad which usually bear digits symbols and usually a complete set of alphabetical letters If it mostly contains numbers then it can also be called anumeric keypad Keypads are found on many alphanumeric keyboards and on other devices such as calculators push button telephones combination locks and digital door locks which require mainly numeric input 10 A simple 4x4 matrix keypad allows data entry into bus based systems The keys on a keypad form a matrix of push to make switches There are sixteen push switches arranged on a matrix of four rows and four columns These are connected to 8 pads at the bottom of the keypad Ifno key is pressed there is no electrical contact between the rows and the columns When a key is pressed it makes an electrical connection between the row and the column that it is on So for example if the key labeled 2 is pressed this makes electrical contact between row 1 connected to pad 1 and column 2 14 connected to
35. ition the Error message will display on the LCD display red LED on and the magnetic lock will remain close Result shown as the figure 4 16 Figure 4 16 Wrong Password Condition For the 3 times wrong password entered condition system will go though the infinite looping process CONTACT SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR message will display on the LCD display The system can be reset by pressing the reset button Figure 4 17 Three Times Wrong Password Condition 51 For the entered password same with the master password condition system will as for entering the new password ENTER NEW PASSWORD message will display on the LCD display After the password has been entered PASSWORD CHANGED message will display on the LCD display Figure 4 18 Master Password Condition Figure 4 19 Password Changed 52 4 5 Discussion There are several problem has been faced when producing the secured room access system Initially lack of idea for programming of keypad scanning is the main problem causing the project design period become longer Not only that there are some circuit design problem directly causing to the longer project design period such as the voltage regulator and relay circuit Last but not the least programming are aslo one of the main problem contribute to the longer project design period For example how to the write or read data from the EEPROM of the microcontroller Based on the hardware and soft
36. ng everything such as money to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise which is the most needed for this project They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this project so that I will not procrastinate in doing it My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities Lastly I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project ABSTRACT Due to the increasing need for securing data and places the numerical code authentication is seeing large market growth A scalable small and efficient device that can be used to secure doorways throughout a complex has been introduced in this project Microcontroller has been used in this project which provides an efficient interaction between input and output component The special characteristic of PIC 16F877A give some value added to the system The main advantage of this project is the user can change the stored password with new password by entering the master password written in the user manual Besides that storing password in the EEPROM of the microcontroller allows the stored password being saved in the memory even though the power supply has been removed Nevertheless the cost and power requirement is low compared to the other microcontroller family The system development divided into software and h
37. nsists of project schematic pin configuration and circuit design Software development will discuss about the programming process compiling process and burning process For the demonstration result it will show all the result of the system condition Lastly problem faced in the project will be discussed in the discussion 36 4 2 Hardware Development This section will discuss about the schematic diagram of the secured room access system and the pin configuration of the design circuit 421 Schematic The hardware design consisted of the voltage regulator LCD display LED indicator crystal 4x4 matrix keypad relay and buzzer The voltage regulator functioned as a converter to convert 12V power supply to 5V which is the operating voltage of the microcontroller and LCD display 4x4 matrix keypad worked as an input of the system where the passwords use to open the door will be enter via the keypad LCD display LED buzzer and the relay will be output of the system The LCD display functioned to show the system message to the user For the LED indicator in the system green LED will on when the user successful entered the correct password On the other hand red LED will on when the user key in the wrong password In addition relay worked as a switch to energize and de energize the magnetic lock The buzzer use to indicate the correct password or the wrong password entered by the user Figure 4 1 shows the schematic diagram of th
38. ntJ 5 Stall the 5 value at the keyin char array password count 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 and the result stall back to the variable else if RA2 0 if key 6 is being pressed the while RA2 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to if value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ 6 Stall the 6 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 ande the result stall back to the variable else if RA3 0 if key B is being pressed while RA3 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ B Stall the B value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andy the result stall back to the variable void scancolumn3 void if RAO 0 if key T is being pressed 67 while RAO 0 continue waiting the key to be relea
39. ord from the eeprom cad eeprom 0x01 ead eeprom 0x02 ead eeprom 0x03 cad eeprom 0x04 ead eeprom 0x05 0 master_password 0 amp amp keyin_char 1 master_password 1 amp amp 2 master_password 2 amp amp keyin_char 3 master_password 3 amp amp wv ue with master password to test whether password 4 master_password 4 amp amp keyin_char 5 master_password 5 vw not others others others others fail 0 led clrQ lcd goto 0 initi send string ENTER NEW Disp led goto 20 Disp send string PASSWORD Disp while 1 key clearrowl 0 Clea scancolumnl scan clearrow2 Clea scancolumn2 scan clearrow3 Clea scancolumn3 scan clearrow4 Clea scancolumn4 scan if password_count 6 password count 0 pass store 0J keyin charlol pass storellJzkeyin char 1 pass storel2J keyin charl21 pass storel3Jzkeyin char 3 pass store 4J keyin char 4 pass store 5J keyin char 5J id value 0J pass store 0J id valuelll pass storelll id valuel21 pass storel21 id_value 3 pass_store 3 id valuel4l pass storel l id value 5 pass_store 5 delay 100 if keyin charloj id value 0 amp amp keyin_char 1 id_ value 1 amp keyin_char 2 id value 2 amp amp keyin_char 3 id_ value 3 amp amp al ay ay ay display ENTER NEW
40. p new fyp new passwordinew password cof Ferrer Build successful eeeeeee m PIC16F877A wa zdec bankO WR Figure 4 6 Compiler s Output 4 3 3 Burning Process Burner software uses for write the programming into microcontroller In this project the programmer used was PICkit2 version 2 40 There are several step have to follow in order to burn the program into the microcontroller Firstly load the desired hex file into the programmer Then write the hex file into the microcontroller Lastly the program has to verify before remove the microcontroller from the programmer File Device Family Programmer Tools Help Midrange Configuration Device PIC16F877A Configuration 2FCF User IDs FF FF FF FF Checksum OFCF OSCCA PICkit 2 found and connected ES Device Found K MICROCHIP j VDD PICkit 2 On Blank Check Dacia VI Enabled Hex Only Source None Empty Erased EEPROM Data TIENE Y Enabled HexOnly v Write Device 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Read Device 10 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Export Hex File 20 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 30 FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF rr Fr rr rr PICkit 2 Figure 4 7 PICkit 2 Programmer Interface File Device Family Programmer Tools Help Midrange Configuration Device PIC16F877
41. pad 6 So if key 2 is pressed this creates an electrical connection between pad and pad 6 Figure 2 5 and 2 6 shows the sample of 4x4 matrix keypad and the keypad circuit connection 10 COL ADS KARNA 600000000 Figure 2 4 4x4 Matrix Keypad COL COL3 COLA A R AN Vy e ROW1 R3 NNVVv s ROW2 R2 ANY o ROW3 NIK Ri AW e ROWA Figure 2 5 Keypad Circuit 15 2 5 Magnetic Contact Magnetic contacts are usually NC Normally Closed which is used on the doors or windows They consist of two parts namely a magnet and a reed switch When the reed switch is in close proximity to the magnet the switch will close and vice versa Usually the magnet is fitted to the door and the reed switch is fitted to the door frame in close proximity to one another such that when the door is closed the two parts are in close contact and hence the switch is closed When the door is opened the magnet will be a distance away from the reed switch and hence the switch will open Figure 2 6 shows the sample of the magnetic contact Figure 2 7 shows an installation of magnetic contact on the door or window 6 Figure 2 6 Magnetic Contact Figure 2 7 Installation of magnetic contact on the door or window 16 17 2 6 History of Security Door Lock Securing one s property has long been a concern of people throughout the world Beyond hiding the objects or constantly guarding them the most frequently used op
42. protection against unwanted intruders Hence investing time and money in securing a door properly is a very wise decision In this era many manufactured have come up with electronic access control system The most well known access control system is magnetic card and keypad system Perhaps the most common form of electronic lock is that using a numerical code for authentication the correct code must be entered in order for the lock to deactivate In this project a microcontroller based digital lock which is effective flexible and affordable was designed The digital lock functions as access control system that allows only authorized persons to access a restricted area Whether the user wants protection for their home industrial premises or even a small security box this security system will fulfill their security needs Most importantly this security system will make the user feels safe and secure being away from home 1 2 Problem Statement Security is becoming increasingly important in many facets of society ranging from military corporate world and personal lives One area of technology that is seeing growth is that of access control system where a user is granted access to a piece of data room etc via some form of numerical code authentication Due to the increasing need for securing data and places the numerical code authentication industry is seeing large market growth This need for securing data and places effectivel
43. r RB2 AE function prototype e aa void delay unsigned long data void send_config unsigned char data void send char unsigned char data void e pulse void S maid Ind venom Pe nhas doen 4 PIC16F877A W 0 zdec bank0 Ln1 Coll INS WR Figure 4 5 MPLAB IDE Software Interface 44 ecuting C Progran Files HI TECH Software PICC PRO 9 60 bin pice exe passi F 122apri12011 backup new fyp new password new 3 Warning 340 F 22april2011_backup new fyp new passwordinew password c 53 34 string not terminated by null character ecuting C Program Files HI TECH Software PICC PRO 9 60 bin picc exe onew password cof nnew password nap summary defa TECH C PRO for the PIC10 12 16 MCU family Lite V9 60PL5 opyright C 1984 2009 HI TECH SOFTWARE 1273 Omniscient Code Generation not available in Lite mode warning ry Sunnary Program space used B34h 2868 of 2000h words 35 0 Data space used 24h 42 of 170h bytes 11 4 EEPROM space used Oh 0 of 100h bytes 0 0 Configuration bits used th 1 of ih word 100 0 ID Location space used Oh 0 of dh bytes 0 0 E ing this compiler in PRO mode with Omniscient Code Generation enabled roduces code which is typically 52X smaller than in Lite mode The HI TECH C PRO compiler output for this code could be 1491 words smaller See http microchip htsoft con portal pic_pro for more information oaded F 22april2011_backu
44. s adjust Connected to a preset to adjust brightness Select register RCO ee or data register oj Select read or write M l race ll write 7 DBO Databuspin Apa RD 9 DB2 Databuspm RD 11 DB4 Databuspin RD4 13 DB6 Databuspm RD6_ 15 LED Backlight positive VCC input 16 LED Backlight GND negative input 26 27 3 3 3 Relay Figure 3 5 shows a sample of relay which as an electromechanical switch The relay is made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts When the current flow through the coil of the relay it will create a magnetic field which will pull the switch to another contact Normally there are two different circuits connected to the relay and the relays are allowing one circuit become complete circuit for each position of the switch contact So using relay in the control appliance is allowing one circuit to switch to a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first For instance a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230v AC mains circuit Basically there is a relatively large current required passes through the coil of the relay It is about 30mA for a 12V relay On the other hand 100mA current can be use to operate the lower voltages circuit Thus transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for the relay coil Relays are usually Single Pole Double Throw SPDT or Double Pole
45. scuss about the components that had been used in this project which is power supply 5V magnetic contact LED as output of PIC microcontroller push button as input of PIC microcontroller and 2x16 LCD display 24 3 3 1 Power Supply In this project there are two values power supply 12V and 5V is required to support and operate the secured room access system In order to operate the magnetic lock an AC to DC adaptor with the output voltage12V has to apply to the device The operating power for the PIC is 5V So the voltage regulator with the series L7805 is required to produce the 5V voltage from the 12V voltage The voltage regulator L7805 consists of 3 terminal which is output common and input terminal as shown in the figure 3 2 For producing the 5V power supply the 12V power supply is connected to the input terminal of voltage regulator common terminal is connected to the ground and the output terminal will produce a 5V voltage TOP VIEW ho OUTPUT Pe COMMON EC INPUT The common terminal is in electrical contact with te mounting base o Figure 3 2 IC LM7805 Dinan AA Dang i ant 254 1000F gt nee Figure 3 3 Power Supply Circuit 25 Based on the figure 3 3 there are two ways of supplying the 12V power supply to the circuit One is using the AC to DC adaptor and another one is using the 12V battery to supply the power The voltage regulator will generate some heat when the power is on So
46. sed if password count 0 led clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin _char password_count T Stall the 7 value at the keyin char array password_count 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andy the result stall back to the variable else if RA1 0 if key 8 is being pressed while RA1 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd cir Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd goto passvord count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord count 8 Stall the 8 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 andy the result stall back to the variable else if RA2 0 if key 9 is being pressed while RA2 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password led goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ 9 Stall the 9 value at the keyin
47. sful Device in Power Off Condition New User Condition Asking for Password Correct Password Condition Magnetic Lock Open Wrong Password Condition Three Times Wrong Password Condition Master Password Condition Password Changed 34 37 40 42 42 43 44 45 45 46 46 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 xii ABBREVIATION PIC LED IDE EEPROM RFID DC AC LCD MCLR WDT INT PCB RISC Vref SSP ICSP xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Programmable Interface Controller Light Emitting diode Integrated Development Environment Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory Radio Frequency Identification Direct Current Alternative Current Liquid Crystal Display Master Clear Watch Dog Timer Interrupt Printed Circuit Board Reduced Instruction Set Computer Supply Voltage Reference Voltage Synchronous Serial Port In Circuit Serial Programming xiv LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE PAGE A Programming Coding 59 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background Nowadays the security systems are an important aspect to prevent unauthorized users to access the system security door With the increase in incidences of crime most home owners are looking for security measures that can keep them and their family members safe Traditionally security door system has been done through the use a conventional locked and keys Door is the first gateway for the house and divides the inside and outside world It is the first level of
48. technology electronic lock has been developed to replace the combinational lock An electronic lock more precisely an electric lock is a locking device which operates by means of electric current Electric locks are sometimes stand alone with an electronic control assembly mounted directly to the lock More often electric locks are connected to an access control system The advantages of an electric lock connected to an access control system include key control where keys can be added and removed without re keying the lock cylinder fine access control where time and place are factors and transaction logging where activity is recorded Electronic locks use magnets solenoids or motors to actuate the lock by either supplying or removing power Operating the lock can be as simple as using a switch for example an apartment intercom door release or as complex as a biometric based access control system There are a lot of the high technology electronic locks in the market Figure 2 10 shows one of the samples of electronic lock Keypad Security Door Lock Figure 2 10 Keypad Security Door Lock CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3 1 Introduction This chapter discusses the design overview hardware and software implementation including the hardware design and software programming For the hardware implementation it consists of power supply 2x16 LCD display and relay circuit Software implementation will discuss about the main system programming
49. tem allows only authorized personnel access to secure areas has been developed to maintain the security easily and efficiently The expected outcomes of the project are successfully archived High accuracy and reliability of the result is shown based on the result obtained As a conclusion the project is successfully accomplished and fulfilled all the expected outcomes 55 5 3 Commercial Potential This product is easy to install where the product only consist of the magnetic lock keypad module and LCD module This product also user friendly where it is easy to use just enter the password and the user can access to the restricted area Another feature of this product is the door is automatically relocks after 10 seconds This product is low cost system hence has low price that can be afforded by anyone The power requirement is low compared to the other high technology security system This system can be used for residents industrial premises or just to be a security box 5 4 Future Work The performance of the system still can be increases so that this system will be more up to date and more flexible For future works some recommendations have been listed in order to improve the system performance i Used RFID for more convenience input recognition 9 Radio frequency identification RFID is the use of an object typically referred to as an RFID tag applied to or incorporated into a product animal or person for the purpose of
50. tion is to secure them with a device Historians are unsure where the first lock was invented but evidence suggests that locks initially developed independently in the Egyptian Greek and Roman civilizations Wooden locks and keys were in use as early as 4 000 years ago in Assyria The first known lock with a key is a pin lock The lock is strung on a rope hanging out of a hole in a door A cylinder of wood with a hole drilled through its axis is the key the length of the cylinder being the critical factor The key is inserted into the hole and the bolt is pushed the correct distance To lock the door the rope was pulled to extract the key cylinder simultaneously pulling the bolt closed This type of lock is still in use in certain parts of the world Puerto Rico still uses this system A disadvantage of this lock is that a vandal can push the rope into the hole an ancient equivalent of putting glue into a lock 12 Next the warded lock was invented in China In the Middle Ages it came to Europe This lock is still used in modern times when the security required is not high and cost is a significant factor This lock has become the most recognizable lock key design in the Western world Lock puzzles were used to obscure the locking mechanism or even provide a non functioning lock for the thief to waste time on In the early 1900s a wooden pin lock with a wood key was discovered in Egypt and is believed to have been used in 250 b c 12 E
51. uctions to learn All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycle Operating speed DC 20 MHz clock input DC 200 ns instruction cycle Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory RAM Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory ii Peripheral Features Timer0 8 bit timer counter with 8 bit prescaler Timerl 16 bit timer counter with prescaler can be incremented during Sleep via external crystal clock Timer2 8 bit timer counter with 8 bit period register prescaler and postscaler iii iv Two Capture Compare PWM modules Capture is 16 bit max resolution is 12 5 ns Compare is 16 bit max resolution is 200 ns PWM max resolution is 10 bit Synchronous Serial Port SSP with SPI Master mode and 12CM Master Slave Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter USART SCI with 9 bit address detection Parallel Slave Port PSP 8 bits wide with external RD WR and CS controls 40 44 pin only Brown out detection circuitry for Brown out Reset BOR Analog Features 10 bit up to 8 channel Analog to Digital Converter A D Brown out Reset BOR Analog Comparator module with Two analog comparators Programmable on chip voltage reference VREF module Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs and internal voltage reference Comparator outputs are externally accessible Special Microcontroller Featur
52. visor Data and information searching and collection Submit proposal and progress evaluation Build hardware Build software program Software hardware interface Preparation for presentation Presentation of FYP 2 Thesis writing Thesis submission CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1 Introduction This chapter includes the study of hardware use in the project such as PIC16F877A Microcontroller LCD Display 4x4 Matrix Keypad and Magnetic Contact In addition it s also review about the history of lock and variety type of conventional lock system 2 2 PIC16F877A Microcontroller PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology derived from the PIC1650 originally developed by General Instrument s Microelectronics Division The name PIC was originally an acronym for Programmable Intelligent Computer PICs are popular with developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost wide availability large user base extensive collection of application notes availability of low cost or free development tools and serial programming and reprogramming with flash memory capability 7 The PIC16F877A is an 8 bit microcontroller based on reduced instruction set computer RISC architecture The PIC16F877A provides the following features 4 i High Performance RISC CPU Only 35 single word instr
53. ware development result the problem faced in the project were solved and the project was completed succefully with the desired project scope CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5 1 Introduction This chapter discusses about the conclusion commercial potential and some future work for the project The future works include the use of RFID biometric authentication and add some function to the system 54 5 2 Conclusion Electrical and electronic engineering knowledge has been applied to the project It provides practice to design a system or component within a defined specification Problem solving skill improved in hardware and software development Based on the results obtained the project s objectives are archived within the defined scopes This system given some value added to the security system and more users friendly The main advantage of this project the user can change the store password by entering the master password For example the new user of the room can ask for the master password from the supervisor or refer to the user manual in order to change the password to his or her own password instead of using the previous user password which is not secured for the new user The system development divided into software and hardware development which are MPLAB IDE software have been using to write the programming and PICkit 2 v2 40 for tools of burning The coding used in this hardware has been written using C language A sys
54. y coupled with the project market growth of the access control system industry led us into a project where we created a system that uses numerical code authentication for a user to enter through a doorway 1 3 Project Objectives The objectives of this project are 1 Create a system that uses PIC microcontroller based electronic lock to allows authorized persons to access a restricted area 2 Design a system that when an authorized person enters a predetermined number password via the keypad the relay energizes for a limited time to unlock the solenoid operated lock so door can be pushed pulled open At the end of the preset delay the relay de energizes and the door gets locked again A prompt message is displayed on the LCD module 14 Scope of Project There are a few guidelines and scopes listed to ensure that the project conducted within its intended boundary This is to make sure the project is heading the right path This project involved the software and hardware development For the hardware development of the project is to design a secured room door lock using PIC 16F877A microcontroller and design a PCB board for connecting other components such as 4x4 matrix keypad LCD displays relay and voltage regulator While for the software development C used as the development tool to program the system coding and build the device driver for interfacing between the software and hardware 1 5 Thesis Outline This thesis
55. y is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to w 68 the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord _count 0 Stall the 0 value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 and the result stall back to the variable else if RA2 0 if key is being pressed while RA2 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ Stall the t value at the keyin char array password countt 1 increase the Password count variable s value by 1 ande the result stall back to the variable else if RA3 0 if key D is being pressed while RA3 0 continue waiting the key to be released if password count 0 lcd clr Clear the LCD if the key is the Ist password lcd_goto password count The cursor of LCD points to the column equivalent to 12 the value of password count variable send char Display the symbol at LCD keyin charlpassvord countJ D Stall the D value at the keyin char array password
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