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Manual RG30

1. The measurement of the velocity has to be corrected with the inclination angle in which the radar sensor is directed to the water surface see chapter 4 4 The inclination angle is measured by the internal inclination sensor of the radar sensor and stored in the memory Every velocity measurement is automatically corrected with this inclination The setting controls when measurements of the inclination are performed 1 default first measurement The inclination is only measured prior to the first measurement after the initialization process after switching on and after changes of parameters every The inclination is measured during every velocity measurement measurement AN Important If the inclination of the radar sensor can change i e if mounted on a cable way the inclination has to be measured new for every velocity measurement D F Sleep mode The parameter defines the behavior of the radar sensor in the pause between measurements Thereto the measurement interval has to be higher than the duration of a complete measurement cycle MODBUS fast The radar sensor stays in normal mode MODBUS slow The radar sensor stops its program and can be woken up by the RS 485 interface standard The radar sensor stops its program and can be woken up by the RS 485 interface only with time delay 37 In this submenu contains the technical parameters for the velocity measurement Tech velocity v Minimu
2. 9 r MESSTECHNIK RG 30 RG 30a Firmware version 1 8x Velocity Measurement System User Manual Manual version V02 2014 07 29 Sommer GmbH All rights reserved The Copyrights for this manual are exclusively at the company Sommer GmbH A 6842 Koblach This manual may only be multiplied or passed on third parties with written permission of the company Sommer This applies also if only excerpts of this manual are copied or passed on The same conditions exist for the passing on in digital form sO W er MESS STSLIEMTECHNIK Sommer GmbH Strassenhaeuser 27 6842 Koblach Austria http www sommer at Email office sommer at Tel 43 5523 55 989 0 Fax 43 5523 55 989 19 Validity This manual applies to the radar sensors RG 30 and RG 30a The RG 30a is an extended version with analog outputs In this manual RG 30 is generally used for both versions if not mentioned otherwise The manual is valid for the firmware version 1 8x with all its subversions The firmware version is listed in the menu E Special functions under the menu item E E Device status or in the boot message CE compliance CE This product is in conformity with the following standards EMV EN 301 489 1 3 V 1 6 1 Safety EN 60950 1 Health EN 62311 R amp TTE EN 300 440 2 V 1 2 1 following the provision of directive R amp TTE 1999 5 EC FCC compliance C This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC R
3. Table 14 Example of protocol strings with analysis values in Sommer protocol M0001G02se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 02 for the analysis values 08 to 13 Table 15 Analysis values 1 in Sommer protocol M0001G03se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 03 for the analysis values 14 to 19 Table 16 Analysis values 2 in Sommer protocol 7 2 6 2 Standard protocol The Standard protocol is similar to the Sommer protocol But the output is simplified and eventually easier to interpret The format is described in 10 2 1 2 in detail Measurement values The measurement values are output with the identifier M In the measurement values the main values and the special values are included according to the sequence from chapter 10 2 1 2 Protocol string M_0001 999999 8 9999998 0 679 35 93 99999 98 99999 98 9999 998 99999 98 46 15 13 Table 17 Example of protocol string with measurement values in Standard protocol 24 Opposite direction content Table 18 Measurement values in Standard protocol Analysis values The measurement values are output with the identifier Z Protocol string Z 0001 664 239 61 91 11075 47 0 200 9999998 9999998 9999998 Table 19 Example of protocol string with analysis values in Standard protocol 37 Amplification relation A ro Signal relation Table 20 Analysis values in Standard protocol 7 2 6 3 Mod
4. 4M0001G00se00 9 15 01 1 075 02 1 347 03 8 91 04 1 61 0599999 98 3FF 7 Figure 28 Example of a string with CRC 16 The first character is the last character for the CRC 16 calculation is the separator The CRC 16 of the string is 3FF7 The end character is The CRC 16 is calculated sequentially with the start value O for the initial CRC 16 calculation Position sting CRCA6 MO 9931 i i Figure 29 Example of a CRC 16 calculation 591 FAC Foo M 55 10 3 SDI 12 interface In this manual only the most important aspects corresponding to the RG 30 are mentioned A detailed description of SDI 12 standards can be accessed by the following link http www sdi 12 org 10 3 1 Structure of SDI 12 commands Command Capital letter letters and numbers End character Table 41 Structure of SDI 12 commands 10 3 2 Sensor identification The requesting of the sensor identification is performed with the SDI 12 command al with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device CC 0 013Sommer RX 30 170r00 RG 30a CRIILF Table 42 Example of a sensor identification request In the answer the following information is included Comment max 13 characters Table 43 Answer to a sensor identification request 10 3 3 Requesting of measurement values The requesting of the complete measurement values is performed with the SDI 12 commands aRO and aR1 with
5. RQCommander All parameter can be saved locally in files and can be edited Modified or all parameters can be uploaded to the sensor Additionally radar spectra can be visualized see 4 2 and in a terminal the data transfer strings can be checked D Hints All parameters of the menu are described in detail in chapter 9 A detailed description of the RQCommander can be found in the online help or the manual of the RQCommander 16 6 2 Basic settings The basic settings have to be set at the first setting up of the radar sensor at a measurement site They are located in the menu D Technics and the submenu D K Units and decimals of the radar sensor see chapter 9 6 2 1 Language This setting defines the language of the menu 6 2 2 Decimal character The setting defines the character for the decimal separator in the menu the serial output strings and the commands 6 2 3 Units and decimals The units and number of decimals have to be defined for the velocity The settings have to be set prior to all other settings as all values are saved internally in this format Therefore all related parameters must be reedited elaborately after a later change of any of these settings 6 3 Measurement settings 6 3 1 Timely triggering of measurements In the RG 30 radar sensor measurements can be triggered differently Either they are started internally by an interval or they are triggered externally by the TRIG input or b
6. this angle can be considered for by this setting Value range 0 60 0 default C E Measurement duration The measurement duration defines the duration of a single measurement During this time the radar signal is recorded and the radar spectrum is calculated Usually measurement durations of about 60 s are recommended It should be at least 10 s A long measurement time has influence on the power consumption Sec oeconds Value range 5 240 20 sec default C F Filter no of values Every single velocity measurement is saved internally in a buffer to use them for filtering The setting defines the number of measurement values in the buffer If the buffer is full the last value is replaced by the new value The number of values in the buffer depends on the dynamic of the water surface Fast changing rivers have a high dynamic and demand a small buffer smooth rivers or irrigation channels have a low dynamic and can use a large buffer Value range 1 120 Special function 1 default no filtering C G Filter type The velocity values in the buffer are filtered in the following ways 1 default The mean value is calculated with all values in the buffer The smallest value from the buffer is output medium value All values of the buffer are sorted by size The value in the middle is output eliminate spikes The mean value is calculated with all values in the buffer without the 5 highest values to eliminate upw
7. 0 notused med UV ews a eem 000000000 Opposite direction content Relation between the velocity distributions in analysis direction and opposite direction 09 Supply voltage Voltage at the supply input Table 8 Special values 20 Analysis values The 11 analysis values provide information to the velocity measurement and can be interpreted by experts The output of the analysis values has to be activated in the menu item D I E MO information Index Measurement value Unt Deseripfon 10 Peakwidth mms Barawiatnotmesora m e ooo NEM OO w NEN RMSathe PIC mV 14 Ampliicaion Value of he amplification regulation s Ampliicatonrelton e o s soman e SSS wo enorcode STS Ww fnotused S NEM RENE pM Table 9 Analysis values 7 2 RS 485 Interface The settings for the output of the measurement data via the RS 485 interface are in the submenu D I RS 485 protocol 7 2 1 System key and device number The system key and the device number are used to identify a radar sensor in serial output protocols and commands This is essential if multiple devices radar sensors and data loggers are operated within a bus system System key The system key separates different conceptual bus systems This may be necessary if the remote radio coverages of two measurement systems overlap In general the setting should be set to 00 Device number The device number is unique and identifies a device in a bus
8. 31 140 F Storage temperature 40 60 C 40 140 F Protection rating IP 68 Lightning protection Integrated protection against indirect lightnings with a discharge capacity of 0 6 kW Ppp Table 1 General specifications 3 2 Velocity measurement Velocity measurement Detectable measurement 0 10 15 m s depending on the flow conditions range Direction recognition Distance to water surface Table 2 Specifications of the velocity measurement Automatic vertical angle compensation Table 3 Specifications of the internal angle measurement 3 3 Pin configurations 3 3 1 Connector MAIN M OUT3 velocity er et ae Tl K not used A sie x use G a eae TRIG V Q c E Figure 1 Pin configuration of the connector MAIN MAIN 12 Pins Power supply Trigger input RS 485 interface m 0 0 6 V High level 2 30V 1 x RS 485 1200 115200 Baud Digital switching ouput RG 208 oniy i Table 4 Configuration of the connector MAIN rp N Attention For the analog outputs the IOUTA relates to pin L and IOUTS to pin M According to the TI notation and differs from the standard EIA notation 8 3 3 2 Connection wire for connector MAIN Low level 0 0 6 V High level 2 30V RS485 A 1 x RS 485 1200 115200 Baud Table 5 Configuration of the connection cable for the connector MAIN 3 4 Housing The RG 30 radar sensor is embedded in a s
9. ad ioo fend pta M a Accu fend ota alia oro fem ota aa oru fond pta Mad fano denny 17 6 2 2 Decimal character esoe os mrates tato dra os mrate batur dra ps orte Ear Pru Os Dr Et 17 0 2 9 URIS ANG CEGINANS ceterae cett to Cice Qus ede Recte tpe trices eset EENE 17 6 9 Measurement Seling S arrinin 17 6 3 1 Timely triggering Of MEASUPEMENINS cccccceecceeecececeeeceeeceeeceuecseeceeeceeeceeeteeeceeeneeenes 17 0 3 2 Velocity meas reMeN soie aactor esa e ra lir beate dera lir beans dba lr sata diosa oir bett in 18 FE dk Gita OPU oe LUE TUNE 20 7 1 Measurement Valles cus uid capisco und daas ro und capias conu capias canted dap conu dud doa dot 20 Te MOANNEN Niet oasis 10a a 63d siet osi Ea seen a KITE rea Peau 21 7 2 1 System key and device NUMDEL cccccccesccceecceececseeceececsucesseeceuseseueesueecueesseessesensess 21 T22 OUIDUN TIME DOIN otic EL 21 12 3 Operation MOES asoan itii c aede te deoa eaten os b Ea Seis os aucta a 22 72 4 Addons opp SUING Si aet einn in pda danni un tut M uncut un vete nte Mu E E Er tU ades 22 7 2 5 Waking up of a connected data logger ccccccsececeeeceeeeceeeeseeeseeeesueeseeeteueesseeseeeesanes 22 YE CE NEU 1 018 0 T0010 0 ERES E E 23 PEE eM CIROI MIT Tm 26 7 2 98 Connection to a data log ef op Edo eei d a 27 DROP WW AG ET ea ee ees ee aa eta es tes 28 7 9 1 95DI 128ddl 685 i o nk IH a 28 7 3 2 Measurement values of the main cycle esssssssssssssssse
10. bridge In many cases the radar sensor can be protected against rain fall The following points have to be accounted for Preferred viewing direction upstream Avoiding of drainages of water in view field Avoiding of multiple reflections Protections against vandalism O O O O O Extension arms If no bridges are available the sensor can be mounted on extension arms protruding from one bank into the river It is suggested to install rotatable attachments to simplify the maintenance The following points have to be accounted for o Representative position in the main current o No swinging of the assembly Cable ways The radar sensor can be mounted on a cable way or ropes crossing the river The following points have to be accounted for o Performing of inclination measurement prior to every measurement o Minimize the swinging of the sensor 12 6 Radar sensor 6 1 Direct connection In this section the establishing of a direct connection from a PC or a laptop to the radar sensor is described 6 1 1 Converter The radar sensor has a RS 485 interface To establish a direct connection to a computer a converter is necessary Converter USB to RS 485 The first possibility is the connection with a USB interface The usage of any converter from USB to RS 485 is possible Sommer GmbH uses the converter USB Nano 485 The converter is connected to a free USB interface and the drivers have to be installed This supplies a CO
11. character The values are output right aligned so blanks may occur between index and value Parameter Format Description Index Shrubs Table 30 Values in Sommer protocol End sequence The output string is finished with a CRC 16 and an end character The CRC 16 is described in chapter 10 2 4 After the output string the control characters Carriage return and Line feed are output Parameter Format peserpton CRC 16 4 hex characters End character Control characters CR LF Carriage return and Line feed Table 31 End sequence of the Sommer protocol 10 2 1 2 Standard protocol Header In the header auf output strings in Standard protocol measurement values and analysis values are differed The radar sensor is identified by the system key and device number Identifier X M_ Measurement values Z Analysis values K w Table 32 Header of the Standard protocol 90 Measurement values Output strings in Standard protocol contain multiple values The measurement values are output sequenced and are separated by a blank For a value 8 characters are reserved A decimal number may contain maximal 7 numbers the 8 character is reserved for the decimal character The values are output right aligned so additional blanks may occur Parameter Value 8 character right aligned Table 33 Values in Standard protocol End sequence The output string is finished with the co
12. frequency shift to higher or lower frequencies occurs This circumstance allows the radar sensor to separate the movements by their directions and to separately evaluate the corresponding velocity distributions 4 4 Inclination angle measurement As the radar sensor is directed in a specific angle to the water surface an angle correction has to be applied The radar sensor internally measures its vertical inclination and uses this value for the automatically angle correction 4 5 Conditions of the water surface The water surface has to move observably and a minimum roughness has to be present to measure an interpretable Doppler frequency The more rippled the water surface and the higher the flow velocity is the more reliable the measurement results are The minimum ripple height for a valid analysis is about 3 mm depending on the used frequency For very slow moving rivers this requirement must not be fulfilled and a continuous velocity measurement cannot be guaranteed 10 5 Measurement site 5 1 Selection and evaluation The selection of a suitable measurement site for the RG 30 radar sensor is crucial for the reliability and the accuracy of the measurement results Requirements related to the hydraulic situation and the mounting of the sensor have to be fulfilled 5 1 1 Hydraulic requirements Avoiding of stationary waves In the viewing range of the radar sensor no stationary waves may occur as they may influence the velocity
13. limit for the value of the quality SNR below that measurements are identified as invalid Invalid measurements are handled according to the menu item D G H Stop behavior A low quality SNR occurs if the velocity is below a measureable value Especially measurement site in tidal influences or with back water and where the velocity can decrease to 0 the usage of this parameter is recommended CS R 7 100 30 default D G F Stop max opp direction The opposite direction content is the relation between the velocity distributions in analysis direction and opposite direction The parameter defines an upper limit for the opposite direction content above that measurements are identified as invalid Invalid measurements are handled according to the menu item D G H Stop behavior wooo ee unit Application area 30 100 50 default D G G Stop number of valid meas After invalid measurements this number of valid measurements has to occur to identify the measurement as valid again Nauerange 1 20 5 ceau D G H Stop behavior The parameter defines the handling of invalid measurements stop measurements DENN hold value The last valid value is output 2 default use replace value The replace value is output see D G l Stop replace value use learn value The learned value from the W v relation is output according to the water level D G I Stop replace value The parameter is the replace value
14. of Doppler frequency shift Due to the contact free measurement methods the radar sensor usually can be installed on bridges or extension arms without expensive structural measures in the river or channel The radar sensor is located outside the danger area of flood events and allows a low maintenance operation over many years 2 Overview of the installation steps The following overview lists the most important steps for a full installation of the RG 30 radar sensor at a measurement site Establishing of the connection to the radar sensor 1 E a ee IY Installation of the RQCommander or usage of a terminal program Installation of the interface converter chapters 6 1 1 and 10 5 Connecting and supplying the radar sensor chapter 3 3 Setting of the connection parameters chapter 6 1 2 Establishing the connection chapter 6 1 3 Parameterization of the radar sensor Ol ae Je IM Setting of language decimal character units and decimal places chapter 6 2 Defining of the trigger for the measurements chapter 6 3 1 Setting the parameters of the velocity measurement chapter 6 3 2 Defining and setting of the data output chapters 7 and 7 4 Connection of a data logger chapters 7 2 8 7 3 4 and 8 3 3 Specifications 3 1 General Power supply 6 30 V Reverse voltage protection overvoltage protection Consumption at 12 V Standby approx 1 mA Active measurement approx 140 mA Operating temperature 35 60 C
15. system 7 2 2 Output time point The serial data output can be triggered in different ways The selection is in submenu D RS 485 protocol Just per command The serial data output is controlled by commands via the RS 485 interface 21 After measurement The serial data output is performed automatically right after every measurement The starting points for measurements are described in chapter 6 3 1 Per TRIG input The serial data output is triggered by an increasing slope on the TRIG input If additionally the measurement is triggered by the TRIG input too a measurement is started simultaneously with the output of the last measurement values 7 2 3 Operation modes Out of the combination of triggering the measurements see chapter 6 3 1 and the data output see chapter 7 2 2 the following operation modes are derived Pushing mode This is the default operation mode The measurements are triggered internally by the measurement interval and the data output is performed automatically after the finishing of a measurement So the measurements and data outputs are controlled completely by the internal interval No external trigger is needed Polling mode A connected data logger triggers the measurements and the output of the data individually either by external commands or by the TRIG input Apparent polling A connected data logger triggers only the measurements The data output is performed automatically after the measuremen
16. viewing direction of the radar sensor in relation to the flow direction of the river The advantages of the different viewing directions are described in chapter 5 1 2 1 downsrem The radar sensor is directed in flow direction 2 default upstream The radar sensor is directed against the flow direction C B Possible flow directions Due to the direction separation see chapter 4 3 the radar sensor can identify the flow direction Therefore it has to be defined if the river only flows in one direction or if two flow directions can occur as for example under tidal influences 1 default just downstream Only downstream flowing velocities are output two tide Down and upstream flowing velocities are output Upstream flowing velocities are indicated with a negative sign C C River inclination The radar sensor only measures its own vertical inclination To compensate the influence of an inclination of the river surface an additional correction inclination can be set It is either added or removed depending on the flow direction Usually rivers do not show an appreciable inclination of the water surface For the possible flow direction two Tide an inclination of O has to be set Unit ee Valuerange 0 90 0 defau C D Pivot angle Usually the main flow is normal to the cross section of a river and the radar sensor is mounted so as well But if the radar sensor has to be directed in a horizontal angle
17. 0x4865 OxDB5C 0x5A54 OxEDOF 0x6C07 OxFFS3E Ox7E36 0x2042 OxA14A 0x3273 0xB37B 0x0420 0x8528 0x161 1 0x9719 0x6886 OxE98E Ox7AB7 OxFBBF OxACEA OxCDEC Ox5ED5 OxDFDD OxB1CA 0x30C2 OxA3FB 0x22F3 0x95A8 0x14A0 0x8799 0x0691 OxF9OE 0x7806 OxEBSF 0x6A37 OxDD6C 0x5C64 OxCF5D Ox4E55 Table 40 CRC 16 table 0x3063 OxB16B 0x2252 0xA35A 0x1401 0x9509 0x0630 0x8738 Ox78AT OxF9AF 0x6A96 OxEB9E 0x5CC5 OxDDCD Ox4EF4 OxCFFC OxA1EB Ox20E3 OxB3DA Ox32D2 0x8589 0x0481 0x97B8 0x16B0 OxE92F 0x6827 OxFB1E Ox7A16 OxCD4D 0x4C45 OxDF7C 0x5E74 0x4084 0xC 18C 0x52B5 OxD3BD Ox64E6 OxESEE Ox76D7 OxF7DF 0x0840 0x8948 Ox1A71 0x9B79 0x2C22 OxAD2A 0x3E13 OxBF1B OxD10C 0x5004 OxC33D 0x4235 OxF56E 0x7466 OxE75F 0x6657 0x99C8 0x18C0 Ox8BF9 OxOAF 1 OxBDAA Ox3CA2 OxAF9B Ox2E93 0x50A5 OxD1AD 0x4294 0xC39C Ox74C7 OxF5CF Ox66F6 OxE7FE 0x1861 0x9969 0x0A50 0x8B58 0x3C03 OxBDOB Ox2E32 OxAF3A OxC12D 0x4025 OxD310C 0x5214 OxE54F 0x6447 OxF77E 0x7676 Ox89E9 0x08E1 Ox9BD8 Ox1ADO OxAD8B 0x2C83 OxBFBA Ox3EB2 54 0x60C6 OxE1CE Ox72F7 OxFSFF 0x44A4 OxC5AC 0x5695 OxD79D 0x2802 0xA90A 0x3A33 OxBB3B 0x0C60 Ox8D68 Ox1E51 Ox9F59 OxF14E 0x7046 OxE37F 0x6277 OxD52C 0x5424 OxC71D 0x4615 0xB98A 0x388
18. 2 OxABBB Ox2AB3 Ox9DE8 0x1CE0 Ox8FD9 OxOED1 Ox7OE7 OxF1EF 0x62D6 OxESDE 0x5485 OxD58D Ox46B4 OxC7BC 0x3823 OxB92B 0x2A12 OxAB1A 0x1C41 Ox9D49 OxOE70 0x8F78 OxE16F 0x6067 OxF35E 0x7256 OxC50D 0x4405 OxD73C 0x5634 OxA9AB 0x28A3 OxBB9A 0x3A92 Ox8DC9 0x0CC1 Ox9FF8 Ox1EFO0 The CRC 16 value is calculated stepwise character by character When the CRC of the complete string is calculated it is added at the ending of the string and finished with a semicolon When calculating the CRC of an existing string the calculation of the CRC is stopped at the fifth character before the ending semicolon right before the CRC The calculated CRC then is compared to the received one If they are identical the string was sent correctly The start value for the initial CRC 16 calculation is always 0 The CRC 16 of a single character is calculated according to the following procedure Parameter byte1 Crc16 right shift by 8 bits Upper byte vanishes uinti c new character Upper byte 0 uint2 Crc16 left shift by 8 bits Lower byte 0 uint3 crc16tab byte 1 Table value from the CRC 16 table Crc16 uint3 excl Or uint2 excl Or uint1 Figure 26 Procedure of CRC 16 calculation The same procedure expressed in C code Crc16 crc16tab unsigned char Crc162 8 Crc16 8 unsigned int c Figure 27 Procedure of CRC 16 calculation in C Example String with CRC 16
19. 2 default after measurement The serial data output is performed automatically right after every measurement 3 pos TRIG slope The serial data output is triggered by an increasing slope on the TRIG input D I E MO information The main values are always included in a data output Additional special values and analysis values can be output see chapter 7 1 main values Only the main values are output Main values and special values are output Main special and analysis values are output D I F MO wake up sequence If output data is transmitted automatically without requesting the data to a recording device many devices demand a wake up sequence before the data can be received and processed The radar sensor has the possibility of a sync sequence and a prefix see chapter 7 2 5 The sync sequence is UU and is sent directly before the output string The prefix is a blank sent with a time delay before the output string 2 syne UU drecly before the output string 1 2 3 default a blank with time delay before the output string 4 prefix amp sync a blank with time delay and UU directly before the output string D I G MO prefix holdback The hold back time of the prefix defines the time delay between the prefix and the output string ms Milliseconds Value range 0 5000 300 default D I H MO inact timeout for prefix A prefix is used to wake up receiving devices These are usually kept
20. A Measurement trigger in chapter 9 28 7 3 4 Connection to a data logger SDI 12 uses a shared bus with a ground wire a data wire indicated as SDI 12 and an optional 12 V wire A data logger is connected according to the following schema RG 30 OV GND Vsupply 6 V 30V SDI 12 Logger TRIG j ellow ground line y RS 485 A RS 485 B serial data line SDI 12 DigOut 12 V line IOutGND IOUT1 IOUT2 IOUT3 IOUTA blue red grey pink optional other SDI 12 sensors LL ci 00 000 Figure 11 Connection schema for a data logger with SDI 12 485 interface Comment The connection with the 12 V wire for power supply is optional 29 7 4 Modbus The measurement values can be read out via the Modbus protocol by a Modbus master In the radar sensor the Modbus protocol is not fully implemented for parameterization and controlling of the Sensor Therefor the radar sensor has to be parameterized by the menu parameters With the delivery settings of the radar sensor an operation with the Modbus protocol is not possible Therefore the sensor has to be set to Modbus compatible All supported Modbus functions and the register assignment are described in appendix 10 4 7 4 1 Modbus default settings The radar sensor can be simply set to Modbus compatible settings with the command D I I MODBUS set default The settings include multiple parameters described in appendix 10 4 1 If the settin
21. IG input Measurements are externally triggered with the TRIG input SDI 12 RS 485 Measurements are externally triggered by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface With the TRIG input measurements are started when the signal rises from low level 0 0 6 V to high level 2 30 V The commands to trigger measurements with the RS 485 and SDI 12 interface are described in chapters 7 2 7 and 7 3 3 The outputs of the measurement values are independent from the performing of measurements and are explicit set in the submenu D I RS 485 protocol Outputs of measurement values are either performed directly after a measurement or they are requested by the TRIG input or by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface B Measurement Interval The radar sensor has an internal measurement interval to start measurements activated by the menu item A Measurement trigger Measurements are automatically performed in the defined interval However a measurement is always performed completely before a new one is started Value range 1 18000 20 sec default 33 C Velocity v In the menu the settings for the velocity measurement are parameterized Velocity v Viewing direction upstream Possible flow directions just downstream River inclination 0 deg Pivot angle 0 deg Measurement duration 20 Sec Filter no of values 1 Filter type moving average Figure 15 Menu Velocity v C A Viewing direction The setting defines the
22. M port that is used for the connection The radar sensor is connected following the schema bellow and the supply is provided RG 30 GND Vsupply 6 V 30V TRIG RS485 A RS485 B z SDI12 USB Nano 485 DIGOUT IOUTGND IOUT1 IOUT2 IOUT3 IOUTA grey pink Figure 3 Connection details for the converter USB Nano 485 Converter RS232 to RS485 The second possibility is the connection with a RS 232 interface of the computer For that the converter IFD RS232 485 of Sommer GmbH has to be used The converter and the radar sensor are connected following the schema bellow and the supply is provided for the converter and the radar sensor 13 ey GND Vsupply 6 30 VDC TRIG crossed cable RS485 A ms RS485 B SDI12 DIGOUT 6 15 VDC TX RS 232 RX RS 232 IOUTGND IOUT1 Ub 4 15 VDC GND IOUT2 IOUT3 IOUTA ALONE GND EXGND RS 232 TTL 2 CTS Sommer IFD RS232 RS485 Figure 4 Connection details for the converter IFD RS232 485 6 1 2 Connection settings The communication settings by factory default are listed below and have to be set for the COM port on the first connection Table 6 Default connection settings 6 1 3 Communication The communication with the sensor is performed either with a terminal program using the sensor menu or with the PC software RQCommander with automatic communication using sensor commands 6 1 3 1 Termina
23. a 65533 Device type and m unsigned configuration int Device 65534 Software version XYYZZ D unsigned info int 65535 Modbus implementation 10100 2 unsigned version int Table 54 Function 04 to request measurement values Unit from the submenu D K Units and decimals 60 Function 06 Write single registers and Function 03 Read holding registers Register Description Range Bytes address o Modbus default read ee address 1200 baud 2400 baud 4800 baud r 9600 baud o unsigned 19200 baud int 38400 baud 9 600 baud 115200 baud no parity 1 stop bit ho parity 2 stop bits even parity 1 stop bit Odd parity 1 stop bit RS 485 baud rate Config values RS 485 parity stop bits WN OINDOABRWDN O Table 55 Function 06 and Function 03 to read and write configuration values Function 17 Report server ID response format read only Register Description Dec values HEX values E a a 0 Bytecount count char mE mI EON BUNULCTT TN A Modbus implementation unsigned NEAN 00 EN 74 ac int PDU NEN string d response 38 Separator 0 o3 NCEN 6D 6D 65 72 20 char mw 7 m9 Lm Bem eter c 0 9 w fsa o e NN Table 56 Function 17 to report sever ID response format Writing 1 sets the Modbus default settings see chapter 10 4 1 10 5 Installation of the converter USB Nano 485 For the instal
24. a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device Command answer o 0 999999 8 99999998 0 683 29 93 99999 98 99999 98 9999 998 99999 98 CR LF G Table 44 Example of a measurement values request 56 In the answer string the main values and the special values are included according to the sequence from chapter 7 1 Table 45 Answer to a measurement values request 10 3 4 Requesting of measurement values measured before Measurement values are requested with the SDI 12 command aDn with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device and n for the index of the data strings The maximal number of characters is usually 35 So the data output has to be stacked from longer data strings With every stack the data index is increased The measurement values follow the sequence from chapter 7 1 but the supply voltage is not output Command answer SSS OM 00649 CR LF ODO 04999999 8 9999999840 683429 93 CR LF 04 99999 984 99999 984 9999 998 CR ILF pom o 0066 66 8 0R LF Table 46 Process with triggering a measurement and requesting the data 10 3 5 Triggering of measurements Measurements are triggered with the SDI 12 commands aM and aC with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device aC is only used for simultaneous measurements of multiple sensors OM 00649 CRI LF Table 47 Example of a measurement triggering The answer returns information to the measurement duration and the numbers
25. analog output is displayed Additionally the defined current value is output at the analog output A connected data logger should now receive the simulated value By another confirmation the simulation of the current output is finished 41 In this submenu the data output via the RS 485 interface is defined RS 485 protocol A Device number 1 B System key 0 Output protocol type Sommer Measurement Output MO time after measurement MO information amp special values MO wake up sequence prefix MO prefix hold back 300 MO inact timeout for prefix 19 MODBUS set default MODBUS device address 35 Figure 22 Submenu RS 485 protocol The device number is used for the unique identification of the radar sensor in a bus system Nauerange 0 98 i detaub The system key defines the own bus system Thereby different conceptual bus systems can be separated These occur if remote radio coverages of two measurement systems overlap In general the setting should be set to 00 Naerange o e oideiaub The type of the serial output protocol is set The protocols are described in chapter 7 2 6 compatible C Standard protocol comp RG 24 MODBUS Modbus protocol A compatible B MIO protocol with CRC 16 comp RG 24 42 The type of triggering the serial data outputs is defined just per command The output is only requested by commands via the RS 485or SDI 12 interface D I D Measurement Output MO time
26. ard spikes If the buffer size is smaller than 10 half of the values are eliminated 35 Technics Language Sprache english englisch Decimal character dot SDI 12 address 0 Reset behavior hard reset Inclination measurement first measurement Sleep mode idle Tech velocity v 4 20 mA output IOUTS RS 485 protocol RS 485 Units and decimals A B C D E F G H The language of the sensor can be changed german deutsch German language 2 default english englisch English language The decimal separator is set for the complete sensor including output values and menu parameters Parameter Description comma awam m 000000 The address is the unique identifier of the sensor within the SDI 12 bus system Value Range 0 9 00 O default D D Reset behavior The radar sensor keeps some information in its memory as for example the inclination of the sensor the last amplification and values for the calculation of mean values This setting defines if this information is deleted on a sensor rest or not During the installation a hard reset is recommended After finishing the installation a soft reset should be selected to minimize the start up time and suppress multiple adjustment of the inclination 1 default hard reset A reset deletes the complete historic information and determines it new soft reset All historic information is kept and used for measurements and calculations D E Inclination measurement
27. asurement values with the measurement index according to chapter 7 1 and a closing sequence The format of header measurement values and closing sequence is described in detail in appendix 10 2 1 1 Main values The main values are identified by the string number 00 right after G Protocol string M0001GO00se00999999 8 01 9999998 02 0 433 03 40 93 0499999 98 0599999 98 2492 Table 10 Example of protocol string with main values in Sommer protocol M0001G00se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 00 00999999 8 01 9999998 02 05395 Velocity 03 40 93 Quality SNR see appendix 10 1 2 0499999 99 not used 0599999 98 Closing sequence Table 11 Main values in Sommer protocol Special values The special values are identified by the string number 01 right after G Protocol string M0001G01se069999 998 0799999 98 08 46 09 15 13 E308 Table 12 Example of protocol string with special values in Sommer protocol M0001GO0l1se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 01 069999 998 0799999 98 8 46 Opposite direction content 09 ios NS Supply voltage E308 Closing sequence Table 13 Special values in Sommer protocol 23 Analysis values The Analysis values are identified by the string numbers 02 and 08 right after G Protocol string M0001G02se10 430 11 293 12 78 13 116 14 11075 15 40 EO8D 4M0001G03se16 O 17 0 18 9999998 19 9999998 20 9999998 3827
28. awake for a specific time Therefore no new prefix is necessary in this time The parameter defines the time the output has to be inactive before a new prefix is sent Sec Seconds Value range 0 60 19 default 43 The specification of the Modbus demands a defined default setting including multiple parameters This command sets all these parameters See appendix 10 4 1 The setting is the unique device address for the Modbus protocol 1 247 35 default In this submenu the connection settings for the RS 485 interface are defined see chapter 6 1 2 Baud rate 9600 Parity stop bits no par 1 stop Minimum response time Transmitter hold back Flow control Sending window Receiving window Figure 23 Submenu RS 485 The transmission rate in bps is selected The parameter sets the RS 485 settings for parity and stop bits together 1 default no par 1 stop No parity and 1 stop bit 2 no par 2 stop No parity and 2 stop bits odd par 1 stop Odd parity and 1 stop bit 44 The parameter makes sure that no interferences of commands and answers at the RS 485 interface occur Thereto the answers are delayed by the selected time Additional the parameter can guarantee that the answer is kept compact 0 2000 0 default The interface waits the defined time before data is sent 0 2000 20 default The XOFF XON flow control can be activated for the communication 1 default no flow cont
29. bus The measurement values can be read out via the Modbus protocol by a Modbus master see chapter 7 4 7 2 6 4 Compatibility protocols To simplify the replacing of existing RG 24 radar sensors with new RG 30 radar sensors the old protocols of the RG 24 are still available So the receiver of the measurement data does not have to be parameterized new 25 The protocols are described in the manual of the RG 24 It is recommended not to use these protocols any more 7 2 Commands Commands can be sent via the RS 485 interface to the radar sensor to start measurements request output strings request measurement values and to parameterize the radar sensor A more detailed description is provided in appendix 10 2 2 7 2 1 Types of commands Writing command with receiving confirmation The identifier is W The command demands a closing sequence with a valid CRC 16 The receiving radar sensor returns a receiving confirmation Writing command without receiving confirmation The identifier is S The command demands no closing sequence and therefore no CRC 16 The receiving radar sensor does not acknowledge the receiving of the command Reading command The identifier is R The command demands a closing sequence with a valid CRC 16 The receiving radar sensor returns the requested measurement value or parameter 7 2 7 2 Triggering of measurements The command mt triggers a complete measurement sequence velocity water leve
30. cecus ecco cun cem e Una Sent o cun Sco ausa Sce o cun Sco eus a eem o cun Sese e Usa ecu Sosa cred ene PUES 10 A 1s rinelple of MGASULEMENL sassone ueb sae veu b Tad gae eet Me usb axe e usb s sei Sube p 10 42 Hhddar SPO CUMIN uiii eoe Meets eiae a E redu seno veio Un etu Pte a sua Pei a bie 10 AS Direction SeDaFallOTsacss e dun nce tian edat asa weaver ash a eer Esa esp Esp vss pd ede 10 4 4 Inclination angle measurement cccccecceeccceeceeeceueceueceueceueceueceueceueseueseesseeeseesseeeseessaeees 10 4 5 Conditions of the water surface eesssssssssssseseeeeeen nennen nennen nennen nn 10 5 Measurement SITO iia ieee Eee Emo E UI LA DU I eL E LIU IM UL V DIM IEEE 11 5 1 oelecliori and evaludllOl lascio mote br el eeu ee cope dune mcus een M DM Depp M EE 11 5 1 1 Hydraulic regulrerrienite ioi edi ordi iae di eo i Fehr di e di Fehr Ri Em Ri RR Ri E Vou bu a EU 11 5 1 2 Mounting requirements ssutcsdemmtcsdxxut cssetuntosduesat cxt e rdres ad exo e exea d eate ed pma a aua 11 5 2 MIOUNLNG OF ING Sensor sues cosbsorszvsUsio tios E xb y DX WES Ro RVEDR DP DX WE ESHgo SU CERO uina 12 0 Radar SCN SON EO EE E DLL OO DD LLLI DEDI 13 MB Cerea CION saanuna tt eseeneataeenetaeeneaeitede 13 SM BIGTe QI SIT EDITUM 13 o L 2 Donmnecllob Seblfi0S aissa tides e atcha tle nate esu ties are elie aden a aati 14 6213 COMMUNICA ON e E EE E MEE 14 oS AM BASIC SCUUING eM Pm 17 OZ eM MAING UAC osito crests dotoustrzeniy hin atate
31. e finished with an Enter This is especially important for command line tools which may automatically send a closing Carriage return 15 Main menu Measurement trigger Measurement interval Velocity v Technics Special functions Choice X for exit Figure 7 Main menu The menu items are selected by entering the letter left of the label Either submenus are opened or the selected parameter is displayed with its unit Changes are confirmed with Enter or discarded with Esc Menus are closed with X D Hint All parameters of the menu are described in detail in chapter 9 After closing the main menu with X the sensor performs an initialization The beginning and the end of the initialization procedure is displayed by the initialization message Stark ana Init done Figure 8 Initialization message 6 1 3 2 RQ Commander A simple and comfortable way to communicate with the radar sensor is the PC software RQCommander of Sommer GmbH The communication with the radar sensor is operated by commands After editing the communication settings the communication to the sensor is established At first the all parameters are transferred from the sensor to the PC and are displayed in a local menu structure according to the sensor menu N Attention At the first communication with a new sensor version the parameter schema of the sensor has to be transferred Only then the menu structure is known in the
32. for invalid measurements stop measurements nits Value range O default 9999 999 99999 999 40 During the installation this parameter can be set if the water level is between the low level border WLL and the flow stop level WFS So discharge values can instantly be output As soon as the water level is above the low level border WLL this parameter is not relevant any more it ms SCS Value range O default 9999 999 99999 999 A Attention The submenu is only available in the version RG 30a The settings control the 4 to 20 mA output for the velocity 4 20 mA output IOUTS A Status always on B IOUT3 Max velocity 10 C Simulate current output Figure 21 Submenu 4 20 mA output IOUT3 The selection defines if and when the analog output is activated a E The analog output is deactivated and is not used 1 2 just during TRIG The analog output is only active if an external signal is present at the TRIG input 3 ES default The analog output is permanently active I PI M l Ha F The velocity range for the output is defined from 0 to a maximal velocity Therefor the 4 mA value is predefined at 0 and only the 20 mA value is set as maximal velocity Unit of the velocity v 9999 999 99999 999 10 default This function allows the testing of the analog output First a value between 4 and 20 mA is entered After confirmation the corresponding simulated values for the
33. gger with analog inputs A Important If a logger is connected to the IOUT outputs the resistance of the logger input should not exceed 470 Q 8 4 Simulate current output This function allows the testing of the analog output First a value between 4 and 20 mA is entered After confirmation the corresponding simulated values for the analog output is displayed Additionally the defined current value is output at the analog output A connected data logger should now receive the simulated value By another confirmation the simulation of the current output is finished 32 9 Description of the parameter The settings of the radar sensor are opened and changed either with a terminal program or the PC software RQCommander see chapter 6 1 3 Main menu Measurement trigger interval Measurement interval 20 Velocity v Technics Special functions Exit Figure 14 Main menu The parameters are arranged in a main menu with submenus The menu items are selected by the entering the letter left to the label Either submenus are opened or the selected parameter is displayed with its unit Changes are confirmed with Enter or discarded with Esc Menus are closed with X A Measurement trigger Measurements are either started in an internal adjustable interval Or they are externally triggered with the TRIG input or by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface 1 default Measurements are internally started in an interval TR
34. gs of the Modbus master do not match the Modbus default settings of the radar sensor the adoption of these parameters may only be performed after setting the radar sensor into Modbus default settings A Attention After performing the command D I MODBUS set default the connection settings of a local terminal or the software RQCommander have to be adjusted 7 4 2 Modbus device address The device address for the Modbus protocol can be changed with the menu item D I J MODBUS device address The device address is predefined with 35 out of compatibility reasons 7 4 3 Connection to a Modbus The radar sensor is connected to a Modbus according to the following table The labels correspond to the connector MAIN see chapter 3 3 1 and the connection wire for the connector MAIN see chapter 3 3 2 Table 24 Connection to a Modbus The radar sensor does not have termination resistors and does not need BUS polarization resistors Therefor a RS 485 BUS termination has to be implemented extern Attention The converter USB Nano 485 and the Modbus must never be connected simultaneously to the radar sensor 30 8 Analog data output The velocity can be output via the analog output IOUTS The settings for the analog outputs are located in the submenu D H 4 20 mA outputs The pin configuration for the analog 4 20 mA outputs is described in chapter 3 3 8 1 Analog output IOUT3 For the velocity measurement the out
35. he condition of the water surface the presence of waves and the distance to the reflector The amplification of the radar sensor is automatically adjusted for the measured signal The lowest amplification is O the highest is 9 If the amplification is high the echo of the radar signal is weak So amplifications with the value O are optimal and with the value 9 they are bad 48 Band width class The band width class depends on the spectral velocity distribution A high band width corresponds usually with a turbulent river type i e Splash water a low band width with a smooth river type i e consistent This assignment is not very accurate Observations of the flow conditions at the measurement site always have to be considered Table 28 Definition of band with classes 10 2 RS 485 interface 10 2 1 Protocols 10 2 1 1 Sommer protocol Header The header of output strings in Sommer protocol is used to identify the data by the system key the device number and the string number String number 00 Main values 01 Special values 02 Analysis values 1 03 Analysis values 2 Command se identifies automatically sent values Table 29 Header of the Sommer protocol 49 Measurement value Output strings in Sommer protocol contain multiple measurement values The values are output sequenced For a value 8 characters are reserved A decimal number may contain maximal 7 numbers the 8 character is reserved for the decimal
36. is in the appendix 10 3 and on http www sdi 12 org 7 3 1 SDI 12 address The radar sensor is identified with a unique address in the SDI 12 bus system The address can be changed in the menu item D C SDI 12 address or by the SDI 12 command class A The default address is O 7 3 2 Measurement values of the main cycle The sequence of the main special and analysis values is according to the description in chapter 7 1 These values can be requested by the command groups aM aMC aC and aCC and by the command classes R and RC in interval mode 7 3 3 Operation modes of the radar sensor Out of the combination of triggering the measurements see chapter 6 3 1 the following operation modes for the radar sensor are possible Interval mode This is the default operation mode The measurements are triggered internally by the measurement interval 5o the measurement values are available anytime to the SDI 12 BUS Therefore the measurement values only have to be requested by class R SDI 12 version gt 1 2 necessary For commands of the command groups aM aMC aC and aCC a virtual measurement time of 1 s is specified Polling mode A connected SDI 12 data logger triggers and controls the output of data autonomous by commands of the command groups aM aMC aC and aCC For this mode the measurements of the radar sensor have to be triggered by external commands see chapter 6 3 1 or the menu item
37. l and AUX measurement W0001 mt BE85 A00010k mt 4FAQ Table 21 Triggering a measurement 7 2 7 3 Requesting of output string The command pt requests the output strings W0001 pt EE20 A00010k mt 8C35 ae Table 22 Requesting the output strings 26 7 2 7 4 Requesting of single measurement values The reading command R with the index of the requested measurement values according to chapter 7 1 requests single measurement values A detailed description is in appendix 10 2 2 Commas Ame S R0001_020cv B332 A00010k_020cv1 212 4792 Table 23 Requesting of the velocity with index 02 7 2 8 Connection to a data logger A data logger to receive measurement values via the RS 485 interface is connected according to the following schema RG 30 0 V g white CND Logger q 30V 8 brown Vsupply green TRIG as ll RS485 A grey RS485 B SDI12 blue DIGOUT red IOUTGND IOUT1 IOUT2 IOUT3 IOUTA black violett blue red grey pink optional other RS 485 sensors Figure 10 Connection schema for a data logger with RS 485 interface 2 7 3 SDI 12 interface SDI 12 Serial Data Interface at 1200 Baud is a serial data communication standard for interfacing multiple sensors with a single data recorder SDI 12 uses a shared bus with a ground wire a data wire indicated as SDI 12 and an optional 12 V wire A detailed description to the usage of the SDI 12 interface
38. l program and sensor menu The communication with a radar sensor can be performed with any terminal program For example the HyperTerminal can be used that is included by default in Microsoft Windows Start gt Programs gt Accessories gt Communications gt HyperTerminal In the software RQCommander a terminal program is included too In a first step the COM port has to be selected and the connection settings have to be set in the terminal program 14 a New Connection HyperTerminal File Edit View Call Transfer Help Eigenschaften von COM4 Anschlusseinstellungen Bits pro Sekunde i v ra i Datenbits is 1 e ES TT Disconnected v Use country regi ide and area Partat kane z Stoppbits 1 o x Basesteuenung Wiederherstellen Figure 5 Setting of the COM port and the connection settings In the next step the connection can be established If the power supply of the sensor is switched on a boot message is output Boot RG 30a 1 70r00 SOO DOLI Figure 6 Boot message and initialization message In the boot message the RG 30 radar sensor is identified with its firmware version and the address in the RS 485 bus S system key D device number The sensor menu can be opened by quickly entering three question marks As an unwanted switching into the menu mode has to be avoided the timing of the three question marks is very restrictive and must never b
39. lation of the converters USB nano 485 two drivers have to be installed First the USB controller USB nano 485 and second a COM port USB Serial Port is installed In the following steps the installation procedure is described in detail 1 Connect the converter to an USB interface at your computer Usually Windows identifies the new USB device and starts the installation of the driver USB nano 485 Otherwise make sure you have administration rights on your computer and open the Device Manager Start gt Control Panel gt System and Security gt System gt Device Manager Look for the USB nano 485 under Other Devices and start the installation from there 2 Inthe dialog you are asked to confirm if you want to search for the most actual driver If you have an open internet connection let Windows search for the driver Otherwise or if the search was not successful select the option to browse for a local driver software Insert the Installation CD and select the CD ROM path 3 Inthe next window Windows informs you that the driver has no valid signature Accept this circumstance and proceed The installation is performed and the dialog can be closed 4 Inthe next step the installation is started automatically once again to install the second driver for the COM port USB Serial Port Pleas follow the procedure as before 5 After finishing the installation a new COM port USB Serial Port is available In the Device Manage
40. m velocity 150 Maximum velocity 5000 Meas spot optimization standard Measurement type continuous Stop min quality SNR 30 Stop max opp direction 50 Stop number of valid meas 3 I 0o nmuoou vm otop behavior use replace value Stop replace value 0 otart velocity at WLL 0 Veloc radar inspection The minimum velocity defines the starting velocity of the spectral analysis No lower velocities can be measured W ms 0 1500 150 default The maximum velocity defines the maximum expected velocity The velocity measurement is optimized for this setting Usually a value of 5000 mm s 5 m s is sufficient No security has to be accounted for as it is automatically included in the radar sensor W ms 2500 30000 5000 default Figure 18 Measurement spot optimization a very constant veloc b standard b bank area d splash water 38 The parameter describes the expected velocity distribution in the measurement spot The irregular the distribution is the wider the spectral band width has to be selected The analysis algorithm for the velocity is optimized for this setting by the radar sensor For the first measurements at a new measurement site the selection standard is recommended Later on the measurement may be optimized by selecting another river type Values Parameter Description DEI very constant veloc homogenous water surface small bandwidth 2 default heterogeneous wa
41. me breaks The sequenced method is more representative but the processing is slower By default the selection should be set to continuous Criteria and behavior for invalid measurements Measurements of the velocity can be defined as invalid with the criteria quality SNR and opposite direction content Stop measurements The criteria and the behavior if such invalid measurements occur can be controlled in multiple parameters 18 6 3 2 2 Inclination measurement As described in chapter 4 4 for every velocity measurement an angle correction has to be applied This is done using an internal inclination measurement of the radar sensor If the sensor is mounted stable it is sufficient to measure the installation angle only on the first measurement after the restart of the radar sensor If the sensor can swing it is recommended to perform an inclination measurement during every velocity measurement This setting is set with the menu item D E Inclination measurement 6 3 2 3 Radar spectrum With the software RQCommander radar spectra from radar sensors can be received and visualized The radar sensor is switched into spectrum mode and the spectra are output cyclical 2400 1800 1200 Amp 500 1200 1800 2400 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 v m s Figure 9 Radar spectrum The radar spectrum is displayed for both movement directions In the lower half of the graphic the spectrum of movements in direction away from the rada
42. measurement strongly Stationary waves are caused by pillars of bridges sharp edges in the bed or big stones and their appearance is moreover depending on the water level Stationary waves cause errors in angle as the radar impulse is reflected from the stationary wave and not the plane water surface Adequate wave movements Waves or ripples with a height of at least 3 mm have to be present at the water surface over the full gauge range Especially for slow moving rivers this requirement is not fulfilled see 4 5 Influence of wind For slow moving deep rivers the velocity measurement may be distorted by waves caused by wind Therefore measurements at sites with wind influence should be protected as much as possible against the wind 5 1 2 Mounting requirements Height of mounting The radar sensor can be mounted in a range from 0 5 to30 m above the water surface or river bed Stable sensor mounting The sensor has to be mounted stable and the installation rig may not swing An exception is the mounting on cables which needs a new determination of the inclination angle during every measurement see chapter 6 3 2 2 Free view field The radar sensor interprets all movements in its view field Therefore no moving objects may be present in the view field of the radar Examples are trees bushes or grass moving in the wind View direction The radar sensor can either be mounted in or against the flow direction The view directi
43. ment interval menu item B W0001B 15 B57C A0001B 15 0803 Setting the interval to 15s menu item B Table 38 Examples of RS 485 commands 52 10 2 3 Error codes During the communication via the RS 485 interface the following errors can occur The error code is bit coded The single errors are in hex format If multiple errors are present the error numbers are summed Errornumber Description ATTENTION parameter conflict view manual 0x0400 Error CRC failure 0x0800 Restarted testmode Table 39 Error numbers o3 10 2 4 Sommer CRC 16 The CRC 16 cyclic redundancy check of the Sommer protocol is based in the following CRC table a fixed one dimensional field with 256 unsigned values in 16 bit hex format When receiving data the receiving device calculates the CRC value This value is compared with the received CRC value to check if the data has string been transferred accurate crc16tab 0x0000 0x8108 0x1231 0x9339 0x2462 OxA56A 0x3653 0xB75B 0x48C4 OxC9CC Ox5AF5 OxDBFD 0x6CA6 OxEDAE Ox7 E97 OxFF9F 0x9188 0x1080 0x83B9 0x02B1 OxB5EA Ox34E2 OxA7DB 0x26D3 OxD94C 0x5844 OxCB7D 0x4A75 OxFD2E 0x7C26 OxEF1F Ox6E17 0x1021 0x9129 0x0210 0x8318 0x3443 OxB54B 0x2672 OxA77A Ox58E5 OxD9ED Ox4AD4 OxCBDC 0x7C87 OxFD8F Ox6EB6 OxEFBE 0x81A9 0x00A1 0x9398 0x1290 OxABCB 0x24C3 OxB7FA Ox36F2 OxC96D
44. menu and xxx for the value of the parameter Command OXRB 0B 30 CR LF Table 50 Reading of the measurement interval menu item B 0XWB 60 0B 60 CR LF Table 51 Setting of the measurement interval to 60 s menu item B After changing parameters the radar sensor has to be restarted with the SDI 12 command aXW ts l 10 3 7 Adoption of the settings The SDI 12 command to adopt the settings is aXW_ts with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device OXW_ts Ook ts CR LF Table 52 Adoption of the settings 10 4 Modbus 10 4 1 Modbus default settings The default settings are set by the command D I MODBUS set default Baud rate Data bits Parity otop bits Flow control Table 53 Default settings for the Modbus 99 10 4 2 Modbus Configuration Function 04 Read input registers read only The measurement values are in a sequence according to chapter 7 1 Register Description Unit Bytes address value o Hardcodedtestvaiue 27519 4 fea 0 2 joue a med Main ENT NN o esa EM NN NN NL 16 notused 18 Opposite direction content EEN NN fos 26 EN 30 82 36 38 notused 0 NEN a 2 B a 05 o float 08 i 09 o EUN 2 o3 oM EN o6 NN o Area of the peak pets RMS at the PIC mv Amplification So Amplification relation O 34 Signal relation NE Erorcode
45. minutes With the software RQCommander the spectra can be received visualized and stored So experts can analyze the velocity measurement at a measurement site see chapter 6 3 2 3 With this command the radar sensor is set into the inspection mode This means that the radar accuracy with the calibration box is checked 46 The radar sensor has to possibility to save spectra of special events This command outputs these spectra One output includes four spectra Index Spectrum Description O OZ o o oS o 1 Stop opectrum of the last invalid measurement caused by a Stop event Reference opectrum of the measurement directly prior to the last event with the velocity increase according to a threshold Trap opectrum of the measurement of the last event with the velocity increase according to a threshold Table 25 Spectra in the spectral trap results All parameters of the radar sensor are output sequentially as text Displays information about the sensor version and status All parameters are set to the default values predefined by the manufacturer In a temporary mode all default values are loaded The settings cannot be edited but they can be checked The temporary mode is terminated when closing the main menu The sensor is restarted The procedure is equivalent to switching the supply off and on The sensor is set into a Boot Loader mode for three minutes to upload new software 47 10 A
46. ntrol characters Carriage return and Line feed Parameter Fomat peser Control characters CR LF Carriage return and Line feed Table 34 End sequence the Standard protocol 10 2 2 Commands and answers The structure of commands and answers is described in the table below Parameter Format pescon 000000000 Start character HP systomkey di enms OSS O O Device number di mmbms Separator 4 hex characters only W commands End character ff Example jmo0ismepmags Table 35 Structure of commands and answers identifier The following identifiers are available A is returned from the receiving device Request or write command with receiving confirmation Answer receiving confirmation Request command without receiving confirmation Table 36 Identifier 51 Commands The following commands can be used with the radar sensor Triggering of a complete measurement Requesting of output strings Requesting of single measurement values dd measurement index according to chapter 7 1 Reading of a parameter of the sensor menu XX ldentifier of the parameter in the sensor menu setting of a parameter of the sensor menu XX ldentifier of the parameter in the sensor menu Xxx new value for the parameter Table 37 List of commands Examples fw000 m BEB 5000180 1R0001BJ228E A0001B 10 0D03 Reading the measure
47. of measurement values SDI 12 address Duration of the measurement in seconds Number of measurement values Table 48 Answer to triggering a measurement command After the measurement duration the measurement values are requested with the commands aDn Additionally single measurement cycles can be triggered with the SDI 12 commands aMn and aCn more accurate The meaning of n is shown in the table below Main values SDI 12 command aM2 aM3 aCO aC1 aC2 aC3 aC4 aC5 aC6 aC7 not used pp a not use zw mE Velocity rsfaj ele adve 2 2 Jole not use sls Cie mue elel sis mid r s 8 5 noted 8 8 9 7 7 Omesedmdo 9 9 7 e 8 Supywtee i 8 9 9 Pewa aoe cn efjo Wemepk m Signal relation Table 49 Triggering of measurements with aMn and aCn The radar sensor confirms the receiving by returning an answer with information to the measurement duration and the number of measurement values These are then requested with the commands aDn The value cannot be output with commands of the class M 58 10 3 6 Parameterization commands The SDI 12 commands for the parameterization are the reading command aXRXX and the writing command aXWXX xxx with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device XX for the identifier of the parameter in the sensor
48. on against the flow direction has essential advantages and is strongly recommended For installation on bridges the influence of pillars on the flow conditions are avoided Additional the influences of rain and snow fall can be eliminated by a direction separation of the velocity measurement see 4 3 The radar sensor can differ if movements occur in direction to the radar sensor or from the sensor away As rainfall usually moves downwards and therefor from the radar sensor away these parts of the velocities can be blanked out 11 Mounting bellow bridges or in closed channels It has to be assured that no rain or melt water from the bridge or ceiling is drained through the view field of the radar The appearance of such events may influence the measurement strongly during rain fall Especially in situations with ceilings multiple reflections may occur Thereby the radar signal may not only be reflected back to the sensor by the water surface but through multiple reflections from the bridge or the ceiling This may influence the received signals and the measurement results Multiple reflections are minimized by as smooth as possible ceilings and the avoiding of rectangular edges 5 2 Mounting of the sensor The radar sensor can be mounted in different ways Bridges The mounting on bridges is a simple cost efficient variant as an existing building is used The radar sensor is either installed on the structure itself or on the railing of the
49. ppendix 10 1 Measurement values 10 1 1 Special values and error values Measurement values can have special values or error values 9999 998 Initial value No measurement was performed yet 9999999 Positive overflow 9999999 Negative overflow Table 26 Special values and error values 10 1 2 Quality value The quality value provides information to the velocity measurement and distribution The parameter is a decimal number consisting out of the following parameters Parameter Postion SNR Number before the decimal character Amplification First figure after the decimal character Band width class Second figure after the decimal character Table 27 Parameters of the quality value Validity of the measurement Measurements with a negative sign have been identified as invalid stop measurements The criterion for the invalidity is an opposite direction content above the threshold of menu item D G F Stop max opp direction The quality of measurements that are declared as invalid by a quality SNR below the threshold of menu item D G E Stop min quality SNR are not signed negative SNR The Signal to Noise Ratio is the most important parameter in the quality value The SNR is the positive number before the decimal character and is output in dB Usually a SNR lower than 30 refers to an insufficient velocity measurement Amplification Received radar signal can be variably strong Reasons are beneath others t
50. put IOUTS is used Only the 20 mA value for the maximum velocity can be set If only the flow direction downstream is allowed the 4 mA value corresponds to the velocity of 0 If both flow directions are possible the velocity of O is the half scale at 12 mA The maximal negative velocity corresponds to 4 mA and the maximal positive velocity 20 mA a just downstream b two tide IOUT 3 IOUT 3 12 mA 4 mA 4 mA velocity 0 Max velocity Negative 0 Max velocity max velocity velocity Figure 12 Definition of the 4 to20 mA signal with C B possible flow directions a just downstream and b two tide 8 2 Status The selection defines if and when the analog outputs are activated Off The analog outputs are deactivated and are not used Just during TRIG The analog outputs are only active if an external signal is present at the TRIG input The last measurement values are output Always on The analog outputs are permanently active The last measurement values are output 31 8 3 Connection of a data logger Data logger with analog inputs can be connected according to the following schema RG 30a 0 V white GND d 5V 30V brown Vsupply ren TRIG yellow RS485 A grey RS485 B L par SDI12 ogger blue DIG Out Li IOUTGND black OUTI violett IOUT2 blue red IOUT3 4 20mA grey pink max 470 Q proportional to the flow velocity lOUT4 as adjusted by the user Figure 13 Connection schema for a data lo
51. r Start gt Control Panel System and Security gt System gt Device Manager you can check or edit the number of the new COM port If you are not sure which COM port belongs to the new converter plug the converter off and on This causes the related COM port to disappear and reappear after the reconnection Memorize or document the number of the COM port fort he further use The installation procedure in finished and has not to be repeated any more for the converter For any new converter the procedure has to be repeated Attention It is not necessary to change settings for the converter in the Device Manager 62
52. r sensor are displayed in the upper half movements in direction to the radar sensor are displayed The calculated velocity is identified with a line The yellow marked area is used for the calculation By interpreting the radar spectra a detailed analysis of the velocity measurement at the measurement site is possible Spectra can be narrow or wide one or more maxima can occur and only one or both velocity directions can be identified This awareness can result in a modification of the settings for the velocity measurement 19 7 Serial data output The radar sensor includes a RS 485 and a SDI 12 interface for data output and communication 7 1 Measurement values The measurement values of the radar sensor are arranged in a fixed sequence Every value is identified with an increasing index The measurement values are divided in groups Main values The main values contain the most important measurement values These values are always included data output The units and decimal places are depending on the settings in the submenu D K Units and decimals Index Measurement value Descon e a pasas SSS CT NN RR RN NN bs ease Table 7 Main values Special values The special values include the opposite direction content and the supply voltage The output of the special values has to be activated in the menu item D I E MO information Index Measurement valve Junt Descripon
53. rol XOFF XON XOFF XON flow control especially adapted for blocking half duplex systems If the XON XOFF flow control is activated all transmitted data are sent in blocks with the defined length in ms Value range 200 5000 500 default If the XON XOFF flow control is activated a break is performed between the transmissions of the blocks The length of these breaks in ms Is set 200 5000 400 default Units and decimals A Velocity v unit B Velocity v decimals Figure 24 Submenu Units and decimals Important These settings have to be defined prior to all following settings as internal information is saved in the defined formats After a later adjustment all settings in the menu have to be checked and adjusted 45 mms Mlmeerpersmond OO Bid r NN s e T The number of the places after the decimal character is defined for the velocity Nauerange 0 8 sets Special functions View spectral distribution Veloc radar inspection View spectral trap View setup Device status oet factory default Temp load factory default I O nmoouom Relaunch program Replace program Figure 25 Menu Special functions With this command the radar sensor is set into spectral mode After every measurement the spectral velocity distribution for both movement directions is output in a table Subsequent additional information is output The spectral mode is automatically closed after 30
54. seeen eene nnns 28 7 3 3 Operation modes of the radar sensor ccccccseececeeceseeeeeceeeeseeeeeseeeeseeeesaeeeseeeesseeeeas 28 7 3 4 Connection to a data l09ge isror 29 A OGIO NNNM 30 7 4 12 MOGDUS aerault settings e eee cor Cot eo ete Pet e Cote nete step ote dt Cote te tweeted 30 7 4 2 ModDUS device addat 6588 io ERI oet E ERI Ene R i o EN TES ER met q ERG Eme E ERE 30 14 9 Gonnecion to qa MOODUS asta sic et bete Groat Ahn ena Ota tan cal dito en Gs actin ck is 30 DANOG Cala OPU eee ice sees TP 31 SPINE allele CUO UE WES E ES 31 SPA ez CONTENTA S E E Tu UTE 31 9 9 GConnectdon OF a dala IOQOOl ire scs P onte an Me betonte sax dis eate iam t esex ei ions e tese 32 9 4 5iImulate current OUIDUL c o re CR eb Eco ea savas ha Que tx C Ebo erae exa ha due Cu ER peg Eras 32 9 DESCHDUON OF th parameter sou decrees nain EE nose gene a os ness x c aaa 33 QU ee v S S O 48 10 1 Measurement VAISS ede taba ie eee ooo o Ve Oe One De Edo tete etd a i 48 10 1 1 Special values and error values e ope t oae e ed e oec moet ed t dts 48 TO eres Quay Valla eu cire MM E MM DU EM M UD MU 48 10 2 19 4951 hnl6 ACC va onde etd detrie this ud eM I i MI I DIM I MU II E 49 10 2 TS PTOLOCOIS conie a ee eee eee eee eee 49 10 2 2 Gomimands and arnsWOLIS ausos ailes put a eg D Vs a LU SRAO RP D Re De USB NEU VE La E DU Co D 51 10 2 3 Eror CodeS c te pote Pit te soi Petit ER icin etate ipte eti ea ui tee
55. t The triggering of the measurement is performed either by external commands or the TRIG input 7 2 4 Additional output strings The output protocols have separate output strings for the main values the special values and the analysis values see chapter 7 1 Only the main values are always output The output strings of the special values and the analysis values can additionally be activated with the setting D I E MO Information 7 2 5 Waking up of a connected data logger The radar sensor supports the waking up of connected data loggers independent of the protocol Normally this feature is only used in pushing mode The settings are in the submenu D I RS 485 protocol Sync sequence The sync sequence consists out of UU and is sent directly before a command The aim is to synchronize the receiving UART Prefix The prefix is an arbitrary character the radar sensor uses a blank The character is sent prior to any communication Then the time of the D I G MO prefix holdback is waited and the command is sent afterwards With this procedure the receiving device has time to wake up 22 7 2 6 Output protocols For the output of measurement values via the RS 485 interface different protocols are available They are selected with the menu item D I C Output protocol type 7 2 6 1 Sommer protocol The data strings of the Sommer protocol consist out of a header with the system key device number and a string number multiple me
56. t Eu eM ud tea ua Ed 53 19 24 Sommier GHOSTD issue ie bump uite ana bum tute se bum itu s bM LEUR M rM LEM DUE LEA MP REDE 54 IOs ODIT 2 WCAG ERE x a E 56 10 3 1 Structure of SDI 12 commands essssssssssssssssseeseee nennen nennen nnns 56 10 5 2 Sensor IderitlliCallOTT zac deam Vena pbi ent pex rp FRE ot em oaa E aped En Put NE 56 10 3 3 Requesting of measurement values sess 56 10 3 4 Requesting of measurement values measured before cccccececeeeceeeneeeeeeeneeeneeenes 57 10 3 5 Triggering OL measurements wire a xecainet desc nte nb nba dera nba db Uta desi xti ep RE dex xat pepe MR erigunt va 57 10 3 6 Parameterization COMMANGAG c cccccccecceeceeceeeceeeeeeceeeeueceeeseecaeseueceessueseeeeuesaeeseesas 59 10 9 7 AGO DOM OF the SEWN Sisera a elias rues helindasguatihas a FU va BU Ra 59 10 2 IVIOCIDEIS aia carats ica a tenia a S 59 10 4 1 Modbus default settings 23 ui pee In Pret Ceo rra pe ea Yn Syn Orne Pea Can en pre Medwiacdvacdinetideleded 59 10 4 2 ModbUS GC OMMOUFANON e aci donec deed ter duties rdelbataiuue locity eatin 2 60 10 5 Installation of the converter USB Nano 4895 0 0 ccccecccecceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeaueeaueeaeeeaaes 62 1 Introduction The RG 30 radar sensor is a continuous measurement device for the contact free determination of the flow velocity of open rivers and channels The flow velocity at the surface is determined by the principle
57. ter surface wide bandwidth bank area heterogeneous water surface with very different velocities very wide bandwidth 4 splash water Splashing water surface full bandwidth D G D Measurement type The measurement with the length of the measurement duration can be measured continuously in one piece or divided in parts Values Parameter Description 1 default continuous The measurement is measured in one piece oo The measurement is measured divided into five parts Continuous measurement type The complete measurement duration is measured continuously in one piece This has the advantage of a fast measurement using little energy But for high fluctuations of the velocity the measurement time has to be selected very long to receive representative results Measurement 0 30 60 90 120 time Figure 19 Continuous measurement type Sequenced measurement type The measurement duration is divided randomly in five parts and is measure with randomly distributed breaks This increases the complete measurement duration but the energy consumption stays equal This has the advantage that with the same measurement time a longer time range can be observed without increasing the energy consumption Especially for high fluctuations of the velocity this method provides better results Measurement 0 30 60 90 120 time Figure 20 Sequenced measurement type in five blocks 39 D G E Stop min quality SNR The parameter defines a lower
58. ules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation FCC ID UXSIMS944 Safety Information Please read this entire manual before setting up or operating this equipment The non compliance of this manual could result in damage to the equipment Also in the case of non compliance injuries of individuals cannot be excluded totally To make sure that the protection provided of and by this equipment is not impaired do not use or install this equipment in any manner other than that specified in this manual Modifications which have not been explicitly authorized by Sommer lead to the expiry of the permission of operation as stated by FCC Contents Dies MENU ROC UCU ON orc ETT I ITI t 5 2 Overview of the installation Ste PS ccccccescseeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeseeenseoeneeenseeeneeoeseeeaseoeaesonseneaseonaes 6 S IOC CINIC AU ONS P TETTE Lt 7 S NECI eH 7 3 2 VElOCIY Measure meN Gresia rris tinot Pes eb Drvbs unti Peta eb teed unti Peta vexed tnt usd te teed unti Petd on Crvbs tinte 7 Coke UM COMIC UM AOI S is ssaens is nclacrnsedists ODD 8 OOo OMIM CIO dii WENT 8 3 3 2 Connection wire for connector MAIN ccccccccseececeeeeeeeeeeseeeesaeeeeseeeeseeeesseeeeseueessaeeesaes 9 SEM IOUS INO ETE EET DETENER TET TES 9 4 Principle OF measuretmmaeLll ui
59. wo flow directions can occur as for example under tidal influences Maximal and minimal velocity The maximum velocity defines the maximum expected velocity The velocity measurement is optimized for this setting Usually a value of 5 m s is sufficient For this value no security has to be accounted for as the radar sensor already includes one The minimal velocity defines the minimal velocity for the determination No lower velocities are considered Measurement spot optimization The measurement spot optimization describes the expected velocity distribution in the measurement spot The irregular the distribution is the wider the spectral band width has to be selected The analysis algorithm for the velocity is optimized for this setting by the radar sensor For the first measurements at a new measurement site the selection standard is recommended Later on the measurement may be optimized by selecting another river type Measurement duration The measurement duration defines the duration of a single measurement During this time the radar signal is recorded and the radar spectrum is calculated Usually measurement durations of 60 s are recommended For very regularly flowing rivers a lower measurement duration can be selected Measurement type The measurement type describes if the measurement is either performed continuously over the complete measurement time or if the measurement time is divided in five parts by systematic ti
60. y RS 485 SDI 12 commands The type of trigger is set in the menu item A Measurement trigger Attention The outputs of the measurement values are independent from the performing of the measurements and have to be set separately Internal measurement interval The measurements are started by the radar sensor in a defined interval The interval is set in the menu item B Measurement interval External trigger The measurements are started externally by a rising flank of the signal at the TRIG input External command The measurements are triggered by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface 17 6 3 2 Velocity measurement 6 3 2 1 Settings The measurement of the velocity depends on the mounting position of the radar sensor and the flow conditions at the site Therefor specific settings have to be defined to describe the local situation at the measurement site All the settings are located in the menus C Velocity v and D G Tech velocity v Viewing direction The viewing direction describes the orientation of the radar sensor in relation to the flowing direction of the river Either the radar sensor is mounted against the flow direction looking upstream or it is installed in flow direction looking downstream Possible flow direction Due to the direction separation see chapter 4 3 the radar sensor can identify the flow direction Therefore it has to be defined if the river only flows in one direction or if t
61. ystem housing out of powder coated aluminum Figure 2 Dimensions of the housing in mm According to the TI notation and differs from the standard EIA notation 9 4 Principle of measurement 4 1 Principle of measurement The contact free measurement of the flow velocity is based on the principle if the Doppler effect The radar sensor transmits a signal with a constant frequency in a specific angle to the water surface There the signal is reflected and shifted in frequency due to the Doppler Effect by movements of the water surface The reflected signal is received by the antenna of the radar sensor By comparing the transmitted frequency to the frequency of the reflected signal from the water surface the local velocity can be determined 4 2 Radar spectrum The radar sensor has an opening angle of 12 Therefore the signals of an area are measured The size of the area depends on the inclination angle and the distance from the sensor to the reflecting water surface The velocities appearing in this area have a specific distribution depending on the current conditions The velocity distribution is determined with a digital signal processor via spectral analysis and the dominant velocity in the measurement area is calculated Spectra can be output and used to evaluate measurements at measurement sites 4 3 Direction separation Movements can either appear in direction to or from the radar sensor Depending on the direction a

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