Certific. Garant.a Modulos In
Contents
1. M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalb n 9 28014 Madrid hers Spain PN Tel 34 91 531 26 25 a jt Fax 34 91 531 10 07 Dor Te isofoton isofoton com F B raram mn isofot n 3 PROTECTION DIODES The shading of a cell may give rise to a reverse voltage therein This cell would therefore consume a power generated by the remainder in series and an unwanted heating of the shaded cell would occur This effect called the hot point effect will be all the greater at its highest incident radiation is on the rest of the cells and that received by this cell will be less due to the shade In an extreme case the cell could break up due to over heating The use of protection or by pass diodes reduces the risk of the shaded cells heating up by limiting the current which can run through them and thus preventing their breaking In general modules with 24 or more series cells made by Isofoton are supplied with protection diodes which are located in the connection boxes as can be seen in the schemes thereof included in the following section 4 CONNECTION BOXES The modules connection boxes are located at the rear thereof As stated earlier they are outdoor prepared leak tight boxes with an IP 65 provided sealing is respected in the cable bushes or stuffing glands when passing cables through To this ef2. Page 13 13 Appendix II
3. cleaned It is important to monitor the terminals box sealing using new seals or a silicon sealing according to the case 10 POSSIBLE FAILURES Cases of failures are extremely infrequent due to the thorough quality controls to which photovoltaic modules are subject before selling to the public However the following cases may be detected always for reasons alien to the manufacturing process Broken module glass Water penetrating inside the module and consequent rusting of the interior cell circuit and connection soldering Faults in connecting and water entering the module s terminal box Dirt or partial shadows I5 Edition September 2003 Page 11 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices aa aca 7 28014 Madri iam Spain gat a Tel 34 91 531 26 25 d t f OAY Fax 34 91 531 10 07 LI a Dni 7 IN d isofoton isofoton com isofot n Broken glass Glass is usually broken by external actions bad installation blows stone throwing etc Cases of glass broken in transport to the site have also been detected Since the glass is tempered breaks always occur in the form of a total splintering of the surface and the place of impact can be clearly seen Splintering reduces performance by approximately 30 but the module can still continue in use although it is advi
4. effect depends on the waste s opacity The layers of dust that reduce evenly the sun s intensity are not dangerous and power reduction is not usually significant The frequency of the cleaning process depends of course on how intense the dirt producing process is In the case of bird droppings it is advisable to avoid them by installing small elastic antennas at the top of the module which will stop them from alighting thereon In many cases rainfall may reduce or remove the need to clean the modules The cleaning operation must be performed in general by the user himself and it simply consists in washing the modules with water and some non abrasive detergent endeavouring to prevent water accumulating on the module In no event is the use of pressurised hosepipes acceptable Visual inspection of the module The purpose of the module s visual inspection is to detect possible faults specifically Possible broken glass Rust from the circuits and soldering of the photovoltaic cells this is normally due to humidity entering the module through a breakage in the encapsulating layers during installation or transport Control of connections and cabling Perform preventive maintenance every 6 months carrying out the following operations Checking the tightness and condition of the module connection cable terminals Checking the terminals box sealing Should sealing faults be observed the items affected will be replaced and the terminals
5. E CONNECTION TO POLE CONNECTION TO POLE I5 Edition September 2003 Page 7 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Figure 6 Connection boxes for modules with 24 V nominal voltage 5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE sofoton brand modules have specific standard measurements with references in the Technical Product Data Sheets Isofoton recommends to assembly them on the support structure using the pertinent holes and specific nuts and bolts The use of stainless steel metric 6X20 is recommended The module s frame must not be drilled nor put under pressure with other securing systems The four side holes two on each side are recommended to be used for securing to simple structures or in arrays Please in this case carefully read the Technical Product Data Sheets for the modules where admissible dimensions and tolerances are given nstall the module somewhere which is never in the shade Take note of trees and nearby buildings Remember the sun varies its position throughout the year and trees grow Orientate the module correctly The module s front must be facing southwards in the northern hemisphere and northwards in the southern hemisphere The module must be installed so that air can freely circulate around it The cells working temperature will thus be reduced and
6. R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices 9 Montalb n 9 d 28014 Madri EN Spain 4 qu ES f 1 os Tel 34 91 531 26 25 ian i F J Fax 34 91 531 10 07 nee Fl Le dI j isofoton isofoton com Me im isofot n INSTALLATION USE AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR THE STANDARD RANGE OF ISOFOTON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES I5 Edition September 2003 Page 1 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet isofot n 1 INTRODUCTION 2 TECHNICAL DATA 3 PROTECTION DIODES 4 CONNECTION BOXES 5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE 6 WARNINGS AND ELECTRICAL RISKS 7 SERIES MODULE CONNECTION LIMIT 8 PARALLEL MODULE CONNECTION AND WIRING CROSS SECTION 9 MAINTENANCE OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR 10 POSSIBLE FAULTS 11 CERTIFICATES I5 Edition September 2003 Commercial offices Montalb n 9 28014 Madrid Spain i es Tel 34 91 531 26 25 UM iE i Fax 34 91 531 10 07 ROH Aire isofoton isofoton com s il c Som nm Page 2 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalb n 9 28014 Madrid Spain Tel 34 91 531 26 25 Fax 34 91 531 10 07 isofoto
7. aulty Sprays for terminals in electronics usage are useful in this operation Shadow effect The shadow or hot point effect is caused by an isolated shadow on one or several module cells whilst the rest are receiving high radiation This situation must be remedied by removing the cause of the shadows Protection diodes described in heading 3 are provided to prevent damage to the cells Manufacturing defects Should there be any manufacturing defects come up during the first few days of operation and have a very small effect below one per thousand due to the thorough quality control performed in Isofoton s factory In case of detecting any failure Isofoton will provide a new module to replace the damaged one as established in the product guarantee I5 Edition September 2003 Page 12 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalb n 9 28014 Madrid Spain Tel 34 91 531 26 25 Fax 34 91 531 10 07 isofoton isofoton com isofot n 11 CERTIFICATES Isofoton makes modules to the following international and national standards Quality Management System as per UNE EN ISO 9001 2000 Standard Compliance with IEC 61215 Standard by the TUV Class II Safety by the T V Environmental Management System as per UNE EN ISO 14001 1996 Standard I5 Edition September 2003
8. consequently the module s performance will be enhanced f several modules are mounted ensure they do not throw shadows on each other If a regulator is used fit it in an easily accessible place so the user can check the control items The electrical polarity of all elements will be respected when connecting them in the following order battery modules and consumption I5 Edition September 2003 Page 8 13 Appendix II 28014 P Madrid in gt os 181 34 91 531 26 25 C d j amp Fax 34 91 531 10 07 VPE d Im j isofoton isofoton com m a isofot n CONNECTION TO POLE CONNECTION TO POLE R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalb n 9 28014 Madrid ie Spain a ah Tel 34 91 531 26 25 Fax 34 91 531 10 07 T v isofoton isofoton com o isofot n The cross section of the conductors used must ensure that the voltage drop in the installation does not exceed 2 of its nominal voltage sofoton modules are supplied with or without cables according to the order placed Should they be supplied without cables it is recommended that cables with cross sections between 4 and 10 mm2 be used The use of cables formed by flexible Cu conductors cross linked polyethylene insulated and with a polyvinyl chloride coat or similar which allow easy handling whilst providing high performance
9. d protection diodes by pass diodes The frame has several fastening holes for securing the module to the support structure and its earthing if necessary Figure 1 schematically shows the section of a photovoltaic module E V A capsulant Tempered glass High quality Polyethylene foam J Anodised Cell Aluminium ISP TEDLAR cover Electric connection among cells Fastening holes Figure 1 Section of a photovoltaic module I5 Edition September 2003 Page 3 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalb n 9 28014 Madrid te Spain att Tel 34 91 531 26 25 Fax 34 91 531 10 07 Te j isofoton isofoton com el isofot n The electrical values are obtained under standard measuring conditions which correspond to a 1000 W m irradiance 1 5 M A spectrum and 25 C cell temperature However the modules actual working conditions once installed may be very different to laboratory conditions and therefore it is advisable to find out the variations that may occur in order to carry out the pertinent corrections in calculations Besides whilst a photovoltaic module generated current is proportional to the intensity of solar radiation the voltage varies with cell temperatures Both effects are show
10. fect Isofoton will not be held responsible for bad installation of these cables in the case of modules supplied without cables Each module has either a single connection box for both terminals or one box for the positive terminal and another for the negative The polarity in the connections must be respected for the modules correct operation The connection box covers are marked with a drawing They are opened by inserting a flat screwdriver into the pertinent flange in the direction shown by the arrow and pressing lightly thereon to open To close it suffices to press down on the cover until it closes The cover has a clamp securing it to the base of the connection box whilst operating inside This clamp must not be cut Connection boxes must not undergo any type of pressure when installing the module in a support structure No item thereof must touch the connection box Connection boxes are similar in modules of the same nominal voltage Figures 5 and 6 show the connection box schemes for 12V and 24V nominal voltage modules respectively I5 Edition September 2003 Page 6 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalban S d 28014 Madri Spain if e Tel 34 91 531 26 25 Fax 34 91 531 10 07 IM isofoton isofoton com anne isofot n CONNECTION TO POLE CONNECTION TO POL
11. ion devices to prevent a discharge of 30 or more direct current volts occurring on any person When modules are series connected voltages are added together and when parallel the current is added together If batteries are used with the modules follow all the recommendations regarding safety indicated by the battery manufacturer Therefore a system formed by photovoltaic modules may produce high voltages and currents which implies an added hazard f batteries are used with the modules follow all the recommendations as given by the battery manufacturer in safety matters 7 LIMIT OF SERIES MODULE CONNECTION Isofoton s photovoltaic modules are made to withstand high voltages The Class II electrical safety certificate of these modules guarantees their insulation up to a voltage of 760 Vdc IEC Standard Therefore modules may be series connected until that voltage is reached 8 PARALLEL MODULE CONNECTION AND CABLING CROSS SECTION You can use as many parallel modules as the load regulator frequency variator or the pertinent equipment to which the modules are connected will accept However a cable with a suitable cross section must be used for conducting the sum of the currents as generated by the modules In any event the conductor to be used will never have a cross section less than 4 mm2 and the cross section recommended is 6 mm2 for models greater than I 50 Should a greater cross section be required carrying power to the equip
12. ken glass must not be used Do not drop the module or throw objects onto it Do not climb up or walk on it Use the module only for the purpose to which it is aimed Do not dismantle the module or remove any part label or piece installed by the maker including protection diodes without the latter s authorisation Do not concentrate sunlight or other artificial light sources onto the module A photovoltaic module generates electricity when exposed to sunlight or other light sources Totally cover the module s surface with an opaque material during installation removal or handling Use tools duly coated with insulating material during work with the module Always work under dry conditions both for the module and tools Do not install the module where there may be flammable gases or vapours since sparks may be produced I5 Edition September 2003 Page 9 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices isofoton isofoton com Montalban 28014 Madrid peun tine Spain pu A Tel 34 91 531 26 25 C SEN OA Fax 34 91 531 10 07 ANM zime iM d isofot n Avoid electric discharges when installing wiring starting up or carrying out maintenance work on the module Do not touch the terminals whilst the module is exposed to light Provide the installation with suitable protect
13. ment in question external connection boxes will be used enabling greater cable cross sections to be acquired for long distance stretches 9 MAINTENANCE OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR Photovoltaic modules call for very little maintenance because of their own configuration with no moving parts and with an interior cell circuit and connection weldings isolated from the outside environment by layers of a protective material At the same time quality control as performed by Isofoton is very strict Maintenance embraces the following processes Regular cleaning of the module Visual inspection of possible internal degradation of the module sealing Control of the condition of electric connections and wiring Occasionally control of the module s electrical characteristics I5 Edition September 2003 Page 10 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices Montalb n 28014 Madrid EIL P isis Spain de om u Tel 34 91 531 26 25 DECIES F Fax 34 91 531 10 07 IL Jj Ner eres TEM a isofoton isofoton com isofot n Regular cleaning of the module Dirt piled up on the module s transparent cover reduces its performance and may cause reversal effects similar to those caused by shadows The problem may become serious in the case of industrial waste and bird droppings The intensity of the
14. n in the following figures iv g 1009 Wend M a BIRD Vlr iV a BOO Wm Figure 2 Figure 2 I V curve variation as a function of incident solar irradiance at constant cell temperature LV 159 KV 25 C MW faa LY 43 C HN 55 C EV 65 C mor Figure 3 I V variation curve as a function of the cell temperature at constant incident radiation I5 Edition September 2003 Page 4 13 Appendix II R M M LAGA T 496 L 364 F 92 H 2497 A 29072931 Note Isofot n S A reserves the right to make any amendments to this leaflet Commercial offices isofoton isofoton com Montalban 28014 Madrid XI dmi Spain de n Tel 34 91 531 26 25 uk x F t J Fax 34 91 531 10 07 DH Ji gt eon IM wien isofot n The variation in the electrical magnitudes of the modules with temperature is as follows The voltage drops at a rate of 2 22 mV C for each series cell contained in the module and every degree over and above 25 C The current increases at the rate of 17mA cm2 C of parallel cell area and every degree over and above 25 C It must be borne in mind that the temperature of the cell to which we have been referring does not coincide with the ambient temperature due to the cell heating up when sunlight falls hereon The increase in the cell s temperature compared to the air temperature depends on its characteristics and the actual characteri
15. n isofoton com isofot n 1 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL RECOMMENDATION Isofoton a Spanish pioneering company leading the photovoltaic sector has been making cells and modules since it was founded in 1981 Due to long experience using top class materials and thorough quality controls the photovoltaic modules made by Isofoton have a useful life of over 20 years with optimum performance from the first to the last day Please read all the instructions in this document carefully before installing connecting and handling the photovoltaic module The recommendations given for one photovoltaic module may be extended to more than one Isofoton will not be held responsible in any way in the event of loss breakage damage or additional cost due to mishandling of the product by personnel alien to this company 2 TECHNICAL DATA The photovoltaic modules manufactured by Isofoton use high efficiency pseudo square monocrystalline silicon cells to turn solar radiation energy into direct current electric power The cell circuit is laminated using E V A ethylene vinyl acetate as a capsulant in an assembly formed by a tempered glass at its front and plastic polymer TEDLAR at the rear which provides resistance against environmental agents and electric insulation The laminate fits into an anodised aluminium structure The IP 65 protected terminal boxes are made from high temperature resistant plastics and contain terminals connection terminals an
16. s against overloads and short circuits is recommended They must not be flame nor fire propagating and they must be low corrosive gas emitters and acid and alkali resistant UL Standard 1703 e sofoton modules have a hole on the frame s side marked with the symbol for inserting the earth contact If the support structure is a conductor contact between the module s frame and the structure must be ensured during the assembly of the modules In that case the structure must be earthed in accordance with current regulations in force Should the support structure be a non conductor a cable must be connected by means of a suitable fastening system preferably stainless steel The fastening system will be joined to a green yellow type cable with a minimum 2 5mm2 cross section together with all the earth conductors from each module It is recommended that connection be made to an earth terminal or strip so that the removal of one of the panels does not interrupt the earth connection of the remaining modules According to UL Standard 1703 6 WARNINGS AND ELECTRICAL RISKS The equipment shall be installed and handled by qualified persons only sofoton modules are delivered in specially designed boxes so that they are properly protected during transport Please do not take them out of the boxes until being installed Never leave a module in a place where it is not properly secured since if it were to fall the glass may break A module with a bro
17. sable to change it as soon as possible to ensure the installation remains in operation Penetration of humidity inside the module Although this is an unusual failure it may happen through external blows scratches in the rear TEDLAR from external aggression When humidity penetrates into the cell circuit and its connections corrosion appears which reduces or even breaks the electrical contact of the electrodes with the cell material preventing electrons being picked up and thus making the module useless The voltage and intensity drop to zero and the module must be immediately replaced It must be pointed out that as this failure generally ends up being a total one it is preferable to replace the module when serious degradation is found during an inspection thus avoiding the costs of a forthcoming and safe visit Failures in module connections Due to the thermal differences between for example day and night the module wiring connectors may slacken off and this is why connections must be regularly inspected e g every six months and tightened if necessary The sealing of the connection boxes through cable bushes must be ensured during installation Should water be detected entering the connections box its presence on the contacts may cause voltage drops in the circuit and therefore a reduction in power generated Repair work consists in cleaning the terminals and changing the connections box or cable bush seal if any are found to be f
18. stics of the module itself Depending on the incident radiation the temperature and the load it is supplying a photovoltaic module may work at different currents and voltages Figure 4 schematically shows a characteristic I V curve of a photovoltaic module together with the generated power curve and two different working points A and B Figure 4 Characteristic I V curve and generated power curve It can be seen that the closer to the maximum power voltage we can make the photovoltaic module work the greater will be the power we shall obtain from it To summarise depending on solar radiation the temperature of the cells and of the equipment to which connected a photovoltaic module will generate a certain current at a certain working voltage the product of which will set the power generated by the module Appendix II to this guarantee shows the characteristic I V curves for each model depending on incident irradiation and cell temperature as well as the physical features of each model Under normal conditions a photovoltaic module with monocrystalline silicon cells is likely to produce more current and or voltage than that specified under standard conditions In these cases the values of Isc and Voc may be multiplied by a factor of 1 25 and components such as fuses conductors and controllers must be adapted to the photovoltaic generator s output UL 1703 Standard I5 Edition September 2003 Page 5 13 Appendix II R M
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