User manual. - Opencockpits
Contents
1. YY is the number of device from the USB port where is connected For example if we connect two USBStepper cards with the device numbers 35 and 42 these numbers can be easily find in the SIOC exe program itself since it will provide us information on the card then would declare the sioc ini as follows USBStepper 1 35 USBStepper 2 42 Isn t a problem to have more lOCards connected in this computer while they are correctly defined nor to have Opencockpits modules also connected STEPPER MOTORS To refer to the number of motor accurately we must consider the index number we have assigned to each card USBStepper N INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit l OCards USBSTEPPER Now in SIOC we must define the output in standard form Var VVVV name NNNNNNNNNNNN Link USB_STEPPER device DD Output S posL LLL posC CCC posR RRR Type T e VVVV variable number e NNNNNNNNNNNNNN variable name optional e DD index number that is defined in ini file optional if we have defines as a number 0 isn t necessary top ut this number in Device parameter e S motor number 1 3 e LLL motor speed value 0 255 as lower is this value more speed but we must be warn not to overspeed the m ximum value of motor e CCC motor step number 0 65535 if we left this number in 0 the calibration will be automatic e RRR maximum number of steps per ten2. a jo O O alealea K Q I6lo t p 5 qgqgoo0acooocea fgl S Q mi O ons g Q N of jol 22l p c4 SEIE o PN Q O SW1 rare NS r C lt gqQe00 ge eC0ca N INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit lOCards USBSTEPPER PRINCIPAL MEASURES sn n o Eaa Een Gea Gea Bea Gea 39 J18 311 Candu CGCoOocoaogoog m gE Bes bo 3 E an LAJ Caa Q e a n aoaooog00and O o a Ae D24 38 o o Ja 2 of ib leceo joo _ Jo amp amp lc_o en R3 3 s 2 oo0 9 6 6 56 8 Cs o_ a Q M 9 Ge bs BEBESEEE em p R2 0 O o laS S O Fic a joa O oc eaodda wt O 2 OF S lo oo co oo Oo 8 SAHIS cE ol le ana Ie of Je o ka S f oL je zgooaona fa 2 o o Sj a gt n 36 5 i ol Y o eSeoovo0ceo0og0 D O Ole ml les ES Oo a g r 4 O O oO D oO SWI A eecoaoac0cce O tL CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION e J1 Allows to connect to the PC directly through the USB port as a HID device e J2 Power source connectorfor to feed the motors the same power source feed all motors e J3aJ5 Analogic inputs connectors e J6aJ8 Motors connectors see diagram below e J9aJ11 Position sensors connector see diagram below CONNECTIONS DIAGRAM The card connection is extremely simple for the potentiometers we have 3 pin connectors J3 to J6 and are connected as we see in the diagram For motors we have from J6 to J8 connectors connecting the motors depending on the
3. need only 4 steps 90 x 4 360 being necessary to the second 200 steps 1 8 x 200 360 INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit l OCards USBSTEPPER These motors are basically formed by a rotor on which are applied several permanent magnets and a number of exciting coils The coils are part of the stator and rotor is a permanent magnet All the excitement of the coils must be controlled externally using the appropriate driver Depending on the configuration of stator windings will have basically two different types of stepper motors BIPOLAR UNIPCLAR amp CABLES UNIPOLAR 5 CABLES AOON ARTT O SaF gt Z gt gO oss s O f F 4 f E f ee o 3 o o k a f t g i i Ce ES g re 2 f f a y Y i l BIPOLAR They usually have four wires that correspond to the ends of the two coils that form see explanatory drawing above UNIPOLAR These usually have 5 or 6 wires depending on the internal wiring of common wire coils see picture above note that common for 6 wire motors can also join externally so that the connection is 5 cables also For the USBStepper card is no problem control any of the two types both bipolar and unipolar just to be properly configured the connection of the wires It should be noted that such mechanical devices are the stepper motor must overcome certain i
4. type that we use see motors section below For bipolar motors use pins 1 and 3 for a coil and pins 2 and 4 for the other coil leaving the pin 5 free To connect the unipolar motors we will use the same pins but in this case we will use the pin 5 to connect the common of the coils in the case of 5 cables only have a common wire but in the 6 cables type we shared together and connect the two as before on the pin 5 WW INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpt ts INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit lOCards USBSTEPPER The sensors also are connected to the connectors J9 to J11 in the way that we can see in the diagram below so that we can control the number of steps in each lap see sensors section below POTENTIGAETERS ee Eo eS gee 31 EEE gt Fo ase a 3 34 15 7s gt mn 3 rr Liye Lal a ja 2 i 2 Q e je al 2 ic 77 c i S jS gt Si w e Q lo Fas z amp i i i 2 hs io a et Gla je Isl ao j2 E Pi OY ela i 7 mm t STEPPERS MOTORS oa S sa h YAPA The main feature of the stepper motor is being able to move one step at a time each pulse that we send to it These steps may vary according to the degree that moves in each pulse that goes from the 90 to the smaller ones that will move only 1 8 on each step so with the latter that can give us more precision this means that to turn around 360 for the first case we would
5. OPENCOCKPITS lOCard USBSTEPPER INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit lOCards USBSTEPPER INTRODUCCION This card allows to manage up to 3 stepper motors both unipolar as bipolar Also this card can easily control the steppers motors that can be used as example on gauges that require a turn more than 1 complete lap as in the case of an altimeter and where a servo isn t enough The connection of this card to the PC is through the USB port and when is connected automatically it s detected and installed as an HID device also for this management uses the IOCP protocol COMPONENTS LIST C1 C4 C5 C6 C7 CAPACITORS 0 1Mf C2 C3 CAPACITORS 22Pf D1 a D24 DIODES 1N4007 IC1 MICROCHIP 16C745 IC2 IC3 IC4 IC S L293E J1 USB CONNECTOR J2 POWER SOURCE CONNECTOR 2 PINS J3 J4 J5 J9 J10 J11 CONNECTORS 3 PINS J6 J7 J8 CONNECTORS 5 PINS Q1 QUARTZ CRYSTAL 6MHZ R1 RESISTOR 100R R2 R4 R5 R6 RESISTOR 10K R3 RESISTOR 1K5 SW1 RESET 2 PINS n o Eea bea ean Goo BOR 19 Jie J11 C S t Q o ano0ag0000000 D ae O OQ aa Oo 008 ocooogoooo O s O JB o s He oe o EZ 0 0 Blo o BZA o ceo e O z R3 pe Pa oo0oo0 0000 1 SF Q ee Es oRBRBERE s f ja o Q O O J7 o oe oaf 00000000 oluo o c3 o_o 7 Jseeeeek ol Slo O 3 eo BRBSEEBS Q 5 E ii l lalla lala o o O i z O
6. and C or B and C we get only half the resistance which would indicate that the wire C is common For bipolar motors usually 4 wires the identification is easier simply by measuring the resistance between pairs which form part of the same coil will have continuity low resistance being the other two wires ends the other coil To determine the polarity of these coils we ll do it just trial and error method reversing the wiring position if the rotation is not as expected Remember e A motor with 5 cables is almost certainly UNIPOLAR e A motor with 6 cables is also almost certain UNIPOLAR but with 2 common wires may be the same color e A motor with only 4 wires is commonly BIPOLAR SENSORES DE POSICION www amidata es ref 304 560 These sensors will serve to USBStepper card know always the position of the shaft when the motor is turning in this way the shaft is always in the same position The card to connect to the software the first thing that does is to start turning the motor to pass up to 2 times the optical sensor Why 2 times Because the first it does is to put an internal counter to O and from this time begins to count the number of steps you take to complete the second turn and pass a second time thorugh the optical sensor and knows exactly the number of steps taken by the motor and also the time it takes to complete that lap At this point we know the number of steps of a turn also known starting position marke
7. d by the sensor then you can calculate any relative position from that starting position simply keeping track of the steps you take to one side and on the other O INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit l OCards USBSTEPPER The optical sensors used must be capable to supply voltages TTL 0 and 5 V so it is recommended that embody the microelectronics to deliver TTL voltages These sensors consist of a light emitter and a receiver so that the voltage becomes 0 when the ray stopped and 5 V when the sensor is not blocked For connection see diagram above We recommend for example that can be located with reference 304 560 in www amidata es and this is the scheme and measures of that sensor USING SIOC Make sure you have installed version 3 46 or higher if not you can download the latest version here http www opencockpits com catalog info information php info id 31 amp cPath 2 Once you have the correct version the first thing to do is set the parameters on the sioc ini file to make sure that the card is correctly identified with the Device number as corresponds We will edit the entry in the sioc ini file so we assign an index of device to each card that we will install create an entry in the file per connected card and would be in following format USBStepper XX YY Where XX indicates the index number within our system and
8. e motor to make an auto calibration if we run the FS now the needle after calibration should be in the proper position to the height of the plane and follow the actions of the aircraft so we can make some ups and downs to test it Var 0001 name alt_fs_h Link FSUIPC_INOUT Offset 3324 Length 4 LO MOD galt _fs_h 1000 amp step_alt LO 0 36 Var 0002 name step alt Link USB_STEPPER Device 1 Output 1 PosL 6 PosC 0 PosR 4 Lype H The only change we should do is the correction of the needle itself whether to assemble the instrument the alignment was not perfect for it would add the degrees of difference to the result to send to the engine LO MOD amp alt_fs_h 1000 O05 SS amp step_alt Ll XXX XXX difference degrees Note Software programs circuits and content published in this paper and on our website are copyrighted by their developers who doesn t consent to their use for commercial gain unless authorized in writing The software and content published and any code developed can be distributed as often as necessary and through desired media without written authorization provided that the publication is acknowledged to the author and the source from which comes www opencockpits com O INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER
9. nertia therefore the duration and frequency of the pulses applied is a very important point It s this sense the engine must reach the step before we send it the next pulse for this reason if the pulse rate is very high the engine may react as follows e Do not make any movement at all e Vibrates but without turning e Turns in a erratic way e Or get to rotate counter to the desired If we don t have data sheets of the motors because they are recycled or recovered or because they are new but we have no data it is possible to determine the distribution of wire connections to the coils and the common wire in the case of 5 or 6 wires unipolar motors following a small step instructions below For 6 wire unipolar motors it is better to merge the two common wire usually the same color prior to performing the tests Use a tester to check the resistance between pairs of wires the common wire will be the only one who has half the resistance This is because between the common and any other cable has only one coil in contrast between the pairs of cables there are always two coils see diagram of testing below U1 INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit l OCards USBSTEPPER UNIPOLAR 5 CABLES _ In this case if we measure with the tester the resistance between points A and B we get x resistance but instead we measure between points A
10. th of a second 0 255 this value is tricky because if you put a very high number overflow the internal buffer where we accumulate orders of positioning and therefore lose the position if it is low the hand down the speed of positioning so anumber between 3 and 5 is perfect e T if we define this parameter as an H then the steps are in steps so then we have the double of steps Definition example Var 0001 name step_alt Link USB_ STEPPER Device 1 Output 1 PosL 6 PosC O PosR 4 Type H ANALOGIC INPUTS To read the analogic inputs we should use the following format Var VVVV name NNNNNNNNNNNN Link USB_ANALOGIC Device DD Input EF posL LLL posC CCC posR RRR e EE analogic input number 1 5 e LLL maximum position to the left e CCC center position of device e RRR maximum position to the right The rest of parameters will use as on relays definition Analogic definition example Var 1506 name pot_flaps Link USB_ANALOGIC Device 1 Input 2 posL 1 posC 128 posR 255 SIOC EXAMPLE We make a gauge for altitude altimeter and will mount a stepper motor in the needle of hundreds with the gear reduction that we deem appropriate to obtain enough accuracy Connect the motor and sensor to the card and feed it with the voltage necessary for the motor 00 INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL lOCards USBSTEPPER Opencockpits INSTALLATION AND USER S MANUAL v1 0 All for your cockpit l OCards USBSTEPPER Run SIOC and let th
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