The MAGMAS framework: user manual
Contents
1. be written in a file and the full S parameter matrix can be written in a file in cityfile format in order to be able to incorporate the results into ADS The setting of the default printer is also done under this menu 4 2 7 a Printing a graph Choosing the button Print a Graph allows to print a graph to a file or to the printer A subwindow is generated At the top you can select whether to print to a file or to a printer with the Print to file and Print to printer buttons When the print to file option is chosen you get a subwindow where you can enter the directory where the file has to be put and the name of the file With the top Change button 21 you can still change the file directory and file name and with the bottom Change button you can change the printer At the bottom you can enter which graph to print 4 2 7 b Writing the graph data in a file Choosing the button Write Graph Data to File allows to write the graph data of the last graph shown on the screen to the file graph dat in asci format The first column is the abscis the second third etc are the ordinates 4 2 7 c Exporting an S matrix to ADS Choosing the button Export S matrix to MDS writes the S matrix of the structure in a file name_mds where name is the name of the planar structure This file can be imported into MDS This means that in a design MDS can use results generated by MAGMAS Pay attention to the fact that MDS wor2. 0 meter is the standard unit used within the MAGMAS software or 0 1 m or 10 cm or 100 mm etc and a frequency of 10 GHz can be inserted by typing e 0 Hertz is the standard unit used within the MAGMAS software or 1 0 GHz or 10000 MHz or 1 e7 kHz etc When the input is complex it has to be inserted by its real marked RE and imaginary marked IM part Whenever you have to give input to the interface you will always find two buttons OK and Cancel The OK button is for acknowledging the input given In case you push this button the interface really accepts the new input The Cancel button is for canceling the input given In case you push this button the interface does not replace the old input by the input just given In many cases input parameters cannot be chosen completely freely There is only a limited number of possibilities for the input This is automatically taken into account by the interface by using the buttons Previous and Next Pushing these buttons you can only choose between the possible input quantities Parameters which belong together are put in a frame with in many cases a frame title The title refers to the type of information within the frame Input in a window can only be given when all subwindows of this window are closed 4 2 2 The main window Within the main menu you find six menus the File menu the Edit menu the Calculate menu the View menu
3. You can only insert connections that fulfill these conditions Within the analysis it is assumed that the third line only supports the fundamental PTLS modes No coupling with this PTLS is taken into account The two PTLS s of the two elements connected also support higher order modes and all coupling with these PTLS s is taken into account A LINE FEED means that the PTLS is assumed to be fed by its fundamental modes incident at its end In this case there is no second element and line These parameters can thus not be inserted in this case 2 First element of the connection This is the element containing the first of the connected PTLS s First element s line This is the PTLS of this element connected 4 Second element of the connection This is the element containing the second of the connected PTLS s MAGMAS automatically allows only second elements which can really be connected to the first element Elements of the placement type free do not have to fulfill the third linking condition Here the definition of the link is also the definition of the exact positioning of such an element After the linking of such an element it is also really shown in the graphical representation part 5 Second element s line This is the PTLS of this element connected MAGMAS automatically selects the possible PTLS s 6 global Length of link In the case of a line link this is the length of the global line i e the distance between the two star
4. button you can add a new slot In the Characteristic Impedance part you can select how the characteristic impedance of the PTLS has to be calculated For a PTLS consisting only of strips or slots this is done automatically Adding or editing a strip or slot generates a PTLS component subwindow In this component subwindow you can enter or modify the COMPONENT PARAMETERS the parameters describing the component in question STRIP component parameters 1 layer interface containing the strip See section Layer structure 2 location of the center The lateral coordinate of the position of the center of the strip with respect to the reference axis of the PTLS under consideration 5 width of the strip 7 number of subdivisions along the width used in the analysis for the equidistant subsectioning of the strip along the width 8 conductivity 9 thickness At this moment MAGMAS does not take into account this thickness It always assumes zero thickness in the analysis The modal current combining coefficients are coefficients to be used when a combination of the modes is to be used SLOT component parameters 1 location of the center The lateral coordinate of the position of the center of the slot with respect to the reference axis of the PTLS under consideration 2 width of the slot 3 number of subdivisions along the width used in the analysis for the equidistant subsectioning of the slot along the width The moda
5. calculated rigorously in a number of directions in between interpolation is used and 2 the element types are solved rigorously for the expansion waves coming in from a number of directions in between 18 interpolation is used Setting 0 means that you do not want to take into account coupling between elements Setting the advised value 8 means that you specify the directions 0 1 4 2 2 37 4 T 57 4 3n 2 70 4 27 2 the number of points per free space wavelength This is the number of equidistant spatial points per free space wavelength at which the Green s functions are calculated The advised value is 500 3 Threshold for rigorous GF calculation This parameter determines up to which distance the Green s functions are calculated rigorously Above the threshold the Green s functions are approximated by their expansion wave terms which in fact consists of an asymptotic expansion for large arguments The threshold is expressed in free space wavelengths 4 the number of points per k0 Some spectral integrals are calculated numerically This number sets the number of points used for the numerical evaluation of the integral within an interval of size kO The advised value is 30 If the value given is too small the engine automatically will increase it up to a suitable value 5 complex images for inverse Fourier transforms value zero invokes the slower but more accurate integration procedure for the inverse Fourier transform valu
6. feed In the case of a source element using the Previous and Next buttons below you can select the source port within the source element Using the Previous and Next buttons below this you can select the observation element or observation line feed In the case of an observation element using the Previous and Next buttons at the bottom you can select the observation port within the observation element PAY ATTENTION THE ORDER OF THE ACTIVE PATCH AND APERTURE PORTS WITHIN AN ELEMENT IS NOT NECESSARILY THE ORDER IN WHICH THESE PORTS WERE DEFINED The numbering is done in the following way the layer interfaces in which the 20 active patches are located are considered from right to left within a layer interface the order of the patches is the order in which they were defined 4 2 6 b Radiation parameters Choosing the button Far Fields Single Ports allows to visualize the far field patterns of the complete structure with only one port excited the source port The other ports are terminated with their characteristic impedance A subwindow is generated Using the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the source element or source line feed In the case of a source element using the Previous and Next buttons below you can select the source port within the source element PAY ATTENTION THE ORDER OF THE ACTIVE PATCH WALL AND APERTURE PORTS WITHIN AN ELEMENT IS NOT NECESSARILY THE O
7. layer 0 The shielding layers are counted from right to left The current shielding layer can be edited by choosing the Edit button This button generates a subwindow where the layer parameters can be modified The rightmost and leftmost shielding layers of the complete structure are HALF SPACES They extend up to infinity Although these half spaces have an infinite thickness you can enter a different thickness This however has no effect because MAGMAS always assumes an infinite thickness SUBREGIONS With the bottom Previous and Next buttons the current subregion is set The rightmost subregion is by definition subregion 1 The subregions are counted from right to left With the Add Before button a subregion can be added at the right of the current subregion with the Add Behind button a subregion can be added at the left of the current subregion With the Delete button a subregion can be deleted With the Edit button a subregion can be edited Adding a subregion generates a subwindow where the parameters of the new shielding layer can be inserted When this is done a new subwindow is generated where the number of dielectric layers in the new subregion can be defined The Add Before and Add Behind buttons allow to add a layer at the right or at the left of the current dielectric layer The Delete button allows to delete the current layer The Edit button allows to edit the current layer Edi
8. output variables in terms of input variables In the top part of the subwindow the input variables are defined in the bottom part the output variables are defined 1 the choice of the mode With the Next button you can select either the optimisation mode opt the plot mode plot or the regular frequency sweep mode off 2 the number of input variables This number sets the number of input variables With the Add and Delete buttons you can add or delete an input variable 3 the current input variable s number This number sets the rank number of the input variable under consideration 4 Pushing the Layer button expresses that this input variable is a layer parameter pushing the Component button expresses that this input variable is a component parameter With the Next button the layer or component to consider can be selected The format for the selection of a layer is SubiLj which indicates layer j in subregion i 5 the input variable With the Next button the actual input variable can be chosen The layer parameters that can be selected are the thickness Thickness the real and imaginary part of the permittivity Re Eps and Im Eps and the real and imaginary part of the permeability Re Mu and Im Mu The component parameters that can be selected are the X position the Y position the Rotation the X scale the Y scale and the Scale of a patch or aperture In the future more parameters w
9. points The second is the direct using of the subwindow to insert the frequency points of interest In the bottom part of the window the frequencies at which the far field and the output parameters derived from it have to be calculated are inserted separately THE LIST OF FREQUENCIES DEFINED HERE HAS TO BE A SUBLIST OF THE LIST OF FREQUENCIES DEFINED IN THE FREQUENCY BAND OF INTEREST PART Here the standard way is to define a frequency point list by adding frequency points Add Before means just before the current frequency point in the list Add Behind means just behind the current frequency point in the list and deleting frequency points The alternative way is taken by choosing the Fill Band button and by inserting a begin frequency an end frequency and a number of frequency points In this case an equidistant frequency distribution will be calculated within the user interface 4 2 4 b Physical parameters If you are not familiar with the structure terminology used within the MAGMAS framework please refer to 1 where a detailed description is given Choose the button Physical Parameters to enter the physical parameters window The window is subdivided in eight parts Left at the top is the Layer Structure part Below this you can find the PTLS Type part the Element Type part the Place Elements part and left at the bottom the Connect Elements part respectively Right at the top are the gr
10. select the current element and the current port within this element With the Edit button you can then edit the excitation amplitude and phase of this port Remark that the amplitude and phase shown at first are the amplitude and phase taking into account the excitation laws within the element type in question defined in step one and the functions defined in step two In the fourth part of the window you can insert the line feed excitations The physical interpretation of such an excitation is that it is the complex amplitude of a fundamental PTLS mode incident at the line feed position With the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current line feed With the bottom Previous and Next buttons you can select the current line feed mode With the Edit button you can then edit the excitation amplitude and phase of this port 4 2 4 d General parameters Choose the button General Parameters to enter the corresponding subwindow Within this window you can enter the far field parameters 1 the number of elevation angles for far field evaluation and 2 the number of azimuth angles for far field evaluation The far field is evaluated in a spherical coordinate system The elevation angle is also marked 9 In the right half space it is the angle between the positive z axis and the direction under consideration In the left half space it is the angle between the negative z axis and the direction under considera
11. such an error is not absolutely clear to you please contact the MAGMAS developing team They will adapt the error message given in order to clarify things in the next release There are two subtypes of input errors the physical errors and the numerical errors Physical error This type of error occurs when the user has inserted a planar structure which goes beyond the possibilities of the specific MAGMAS version under consideration In this case this MAGMAS version cannot handle the physical structure targeted Example PHYSICAL ERROR the number of subregions is too large MEASURE decrease this number from to maximum The error means that the user has inserted a planar structure with a number of subregions higher than allowed for this specific MAGMAS version It is evident that the only thing that can be done is to diminish the number of subregions Numerical error This type of error occurs when the user wants to analyze a planar structure with a theoretical extremely high accuracy going beyond the possibilities of the specific MAGMAS version under consideration The theoretical accuracy is defined as the accuracy that can be reached with the same basic MAGMAS version but using a computer with infinite memory and infinite speed Example NUMERICAL ERROR the number of basis functions on aperture of element type is too large MEASURE decrease this number from to maximum The error means that the user has ins
12. the 14 patch aperture If it has at least one neighbor it turns yellow which means that the segment is really added With the right mouse button you can delete bricks Continuously pushing a mouse button and sliding over the design window allows to continuously add or delete bricks WHEN THE BRICKS ARE ABLE TO FOLLOW THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE PATCH APERTURE PERFECTLY THIS DESIGN METHOD IS VERY STABLE It is possible to start from a rectangular shape and to modify the shape using the bricks method The shape type will automatically be changed into General OUTLINE METHOD Using this method you can design the patch aperture by drawing an arbitrary polygon Clicking the left mouse button defines a point in the design window The second point defined is automatically connected to the first point the third point to the second point etc with a red line Clicking the middle mouse button connects the point defined last to the first point in this way closing the polygon A connection can only be made and the corresponding point thus defined if it does not cross an already existing connection Clicking the right mouse button removes the last connection defined and except for the last connection the point corresponding to it Once closed the polygon is automatically meshed in rectangles and triangles and turns yellow In the Options menu you can choose between two versions the Any point version i e any point in the design window can be defi
13. the Print menu and the Info menu 4 2 3 The file menu Within MAGMAS a structure is named The input and output parameters of this structure are put in files with names derived from this structure name If it exists in the directory the structure default is the structure that is used by MAGMAS as default i e the structure automatically loaded whenever MAGMAS is started This can thus be used to make user defined pre settings of the input parameters 4 2 3 a Creating a new structure Choose the button New If you were busy with another structure and did not save the input you first get a window with three buttons Save save the previous structure input Discard continue with the creation of a new structure without saving and Cancel cancel the decision to make a new structure The selection of New generates a File Requester Window which allows to go through the directory structure of the disk In this way you can select the directory in which the new structure has to be put Once arrived in the right directory you will get a list of all structures already available in that directory You can choose from this list in case you want to redefine this structure completely or at the right you can enter a new name At the top you will find the complete path of the directory you re in 4 2 3 b Loading an existing structure Choose the button Load If you were busy with another structur
14. to start the MAGMAS software from any other directory by typing within the call the correct path to the interface directory To ease the calling of the MAGMAS engine it is advised that the system manager sets a link as root type cd bin and In s pathofengine magmas iem It is also recommended to enclose the directories of the interface and the engine in the paths of each MAGMAS user 3 2 file creation information Running MAGMAS causes a creation or reading of files Input files for the transfer of data from the user interface to the analysis engine intermediate results files output files for the transfer of data from the analysis engine to the user interface The input and output files are created within or read from the directory specified by the user within the user interface The intermediate results files are created within the directory from where the MAGMAS software was called 4 Instruction section At the top instruction level the MAGMAS software is very simple Basically the only tasks to accomplish are 1 the insertion of the physical structure to be analyzed the frequencies considered and the numerical parameters determining the accuracy a few parameters steering the solving procedure the insertion is done with the user interface 2 the starting of the analysis the analysis is performed with the engine 3 after the analysis has been completed the selection of the output parameters to be visualized this
15. ART OF THE TWO OVERLAPPING COMPONENTS HAVE TO FOLLOW STRICT RULES Only in this case 15 MAGMAS will perform the analysis The submesh of the common part of one of the two overlapping components has to be defined in such a way that each segment of the common part of the other component consists exactly of a number of segments of the submesh of the first component considered This feature can be used to connect components defined by small segments with components defined by larger segments The small segments do not have to be used throughout which would result in a much higher total number of segments Connected components Patches strips and patches apertures or slots and apertures may touch Touching is defined here as two components touch if parts of the circumferences of the two components coincide MAGMAS will consider the touching components as connected i e electric or magnetic currents flow from one touching component to another The meshing will be automatically adapted in the analysis engine Patches and walls or strips and walls may touch Touching is defined here as an xy directed edge of a wall in a layer interface is partially located within a patch or strip There are strict rules in this case for the segmenting of both the patch strip and wall All the edges of the wall segments located in the patch strip have to be located completely within segments of the patch strip Otherwise the mesher in the analysis engine will subdivid
16. PTLS type subwindow for the new PTLS type With the Delete button the current PTLS type can be deleted With the Edit button the current PTLS type can be edited This button generates a PTLS type subwindow for the current PTLS type The PTLS type subwindow is subdivided in five parts At the left the textual parts at the top the PTLS Type Name part below the Strips part and the Slots part and at the bottom the Characteristic Impedance part At the right the graphical part Textual part In the PTLS Type Name part you can enter a user defined name for the PTLS type In the Strips part using the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current subregion Below this you can see how many strips are already present in the current subregion Pushing the bottom Previous and Next buttons you can select the current strip With the Delete button you can delete this strip with the Edit button you can edit it With the Add button you can add a new strip In the Slots part using the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current shielding layer Below this you can see how many slots are already present in the current shielding layer Pushing the bottom Previous and Next buttons you can select the current slot With the Delete button you can delete this slot with the Edit button you can edit it With the Add
17. Polyline designer 6 number of subdivisions in the z direction of the layers defines the number of segments in the z direction in the layers containing the wall 7 number of subdivisions polyline defines the number of segments of the line segments of the polyline 8 SideView pushing this button causes the starting up of the Wall Designer Using this designer segments of the cylindrical wall can be deleted in order to form a wall 9 wall type Active i e the user imposes a known electric current onto the wall or passive i e the wall current is generated by incident fields and is calculated during the analysis Pushing the button Active causes the starting up of the Wall current designer 12 PROBE component parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 left and right layer interface of the probe Within MAGMAS a probe has to begin and end at a layer interface The left layer interface is the layer interface at the left of the probe the right layer interface is the layer interface at the right of the probe See section Layer structure position of the probe center This position is a relative position with respect to the reference point of the element type in question radius of the probe radius of the probe discs Within MAGMAS a probe always has to be located between two planar electric conductors conductive shielding layers patches and lines The probe is modeled using attachm
18. RDER IN WHICH THESE PORTS WERE DEFINED The numbering is done in the following way the layer interfaces in which the active patches are located are considered from right to left within a layer interface the order of the patches is the order in which they were defined With the Left and Right buttons you can choose in which half space you want to observe the far field With the Previous and Next buttons below you can insert the far field cut you want to see First you select the azimuth angle for the left side of the cut then the azimuth angle for the right side of the cut In the case question marks appear this means that no far fields were calculated Finally you select the frequency at which you want to observe the far field and the graph type Amplitude Phase or Axial Ratio Choosing the button Far Fields Structure allows to visualize the far field patterns of the complete structure with all ports excited in the way given in the excitation part A subwindow is generated With the Previous and Next buttons below you can insert the far field cut you want to see First you select the azimuth angle for the left side of the cut then the azimuth angle for the right side of the cut The azimuth angle is the angle spherical coordinates of the cut In order to get a traditional pattern choose the right azimuth angle equal to the left azimuth angle 180 The cut starts at the negative z axi
19. S which can be consulted after the analysis 5 3 Errors The goal of an error is to give information to the user about the fact that a certain input parameter given to the MAGMAS framework causes a problem which cannot be solved automatically by the framework the parameter the problem with this parameter and the measures which can be taken by the user are described in detail After an error is given the analysis engine stops There are two types of errors errors which can only be solved by recompiling the MAGMAS source code or memory violation errors and errors which do not require a recompilation of the MAGMAS source code or input errors 5 3 a Memory violation errors Since the solution of such an error requires a modification of the source code and a recompilation the fact that a recompilation is necessary is explicitly mentioned in the error these errors cannot be solved by the user If they occur this means that the specific MAGMAS version under consideration contains 22 intrinsic memory violations Normally these errors only occur during installation If such an error does occur please contact the MAGMAS developing team 5 3 b Input errors Since the solution of such an error does not require a modification of the source code it can be solved by the user For each such an error the straightforward measure s to take are given in detail by the MAGMAS framework itself Therefore they are not listed in this user manual If
20. The MAGMAS framework user manual author Guy A E Vandenbosch date last modification 18 May 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Intended readership 1 2 Applicability statement 1 3 Purpose 1 4 How to use this document 1 5 Related documents 1 6 Conventions 1 7 List of acronyms and abbreviations 1 8 Problem reporting instructions 2 OVERVIEW SECTION 2 1 Definition of the general physical structure 2 2 Overview of the analysis 2 3 Information to be supplied to the software input 2 4 Information supplied by the software output 2 4 1 network parameters 2 4 2 radiation parameters 3 INSTALLATION SECTION 3 1 Directory and file information 3 2 file creation information 4 INSTRUCTION SECTION 4 1 Starting up information 4 2 The user interface 4 2 1 General information 4 2 2 The main window 4 2 3 The file menu 4 2 3 a Creating a new structure 4 2 3 6 Loading an existing structure 4 2 3 c Saving the current structure 4 2 3 d Saving under another name 4 2 3 e Quitting the MAGMAS User Interface 4 2 4 The edit menu 4 2 4 a Frequency parameters 4 2 4 5 Physical parameters oa n W AmAWDWOAAIAIANAANAN 5 6 4 2 4 c Excitation parameters 4 2 4 4 General parameters 4 2 4 e Numerical parameters 4 2 4 f Optimization parameters 4 2 5 The calculate menu 4 2 6 The View menu 4 2 6 4 Network parameters 4 2 6 6 Radiation parameters 4 2 6 c Currents 4 2 6 d Optimization plots 4 2 7 The Print menu 4 2 7 a Printi
21. al part In the graphical part the element type under consideration is depicted both a side view yz cut seen from the negative x direction y and z direction on a different scale of the layer structure with the components including PTLS s embedded in it and a front view xy cut seen from the positive z direction on scale is given The middle of the front view is the reference point of the element type Colors used patch copper orange wall brown probe copper orange probe discs red aperture blue strip brown slot light blue The patch and aperture designer The patch and aperture designer allows to design arbitrary patch and aperture shapes Rectangular button In the case the rectangular shape is selected a subwindow is generated where you can enter the size of the rectangle along the x axis the number of subdivisions along the x axis the size of the rectangle along the y axis and the number of subdivisions along the y axis The number of subdivisions is used in the subsectioning of the component A minimum of 20 subdivisions per wavelength is advised Pushing the Draw button generates the design window With the File menu you can save the patch aperture under a user defined name INSERTING CHANGING THE DATA ALWAYS HAS TO BE FOLLOWED BY A DRAWING ACTION OTHERWISE THE NEW DATA ARE NOT ACCEPTED BY MAGMAS General button In the case the general shape is selected a subwindow is generated where
22. aphical representation of the layer structure below this the graphical representation of the planar structure and right at the bottom the layer structure parameter view part Layer structure The positive coordinate system used within MAGMAS is defined with respect to the layer structure The z axis is directed normal to the layer structure The x and y axis are directed parallel to the layer structure Textual part LAYER PARAMETERS these parameters are the permittivities and permeabilities parallel transversal and normal longitudinal to the layer structure and the thickness In the case of a shielding layer the permittivities are real and the conductivity is the layer parameter that models the losses in the layer In the case of a common dielectric layer the permittivities may be complex which models the losses in the layer and no conductivity can be inserted Only in the case of a uniaxial dielectric layer the transversal and longitudinal quantities differ In the case of an isotropic dielectric layer or a conductor they are identical The Planar Conformal toggle allows to choose the type of layer structure In the case of a conformal layer structure the radius of the inner cylindrical layer has to be inserted ONLY PLANAR LAYER STRUCTURES ARE IMPLEMENTED YET SHIELDING LAYERS With the top Previous and Next buttons the current shielding layer is set The rightmost shielding layer is by definition shielding
23. d button allows to choose the technique to model the finiteness of the layer structure The possible techniques are 2D SIE 2D Surface Integral Equations and 3D VPO 3D Volume Physical Optics Do not use the User Defined buttons This will generate subwindows where it is possible to choose non standard truncations of the layer structure with small vertical walls at the truncation for example and to describe in detail the technique chosen This is intended for expert users Graphical part The layer structure is graphically depicted side view yz cut seen from the negative x direction right at the top The half spaces are in blue the other shielding layers are in orange and the dielectric layers are in gray The numbering of the shielding layers and dielectric layers is given The total thickness of the layer structure excluding the half spaces is given below the figure You can check the layer parameters of a certain layer by putting the mouse cursor on this layer and pushing the left mouse button Right at the bottom the layer parameters of this layer are then given The Zoom Layer Structure button there allows to zoom in on the layer structure Planar Transmission Line Structures PTLS 10 Pushing the button Transmission Lines the main PTLS subwindow is generated With the Previous and Next buttons the current PTLS type is set With the Add button a new PTLS type can be added This button generates a
24. e or passive i e the aperture current is generated by incident fields and is calculated during the analysis Pushing the button Active causes the starting up of the Patch and aperture current designer PTLS component parameters Within MAGMAS A PTLS ALWAYS HAS TO BE LINKED TO ANOTHER PTLS OR HAS TO BE FED BY A LINE FEED see section Connection elements 1 2 PTLS type the PTLS added is of one of the types defined before location of the reference point The coordinates of the starting point of the axis of the PTLS The connection with the other PTLS or with the line feed is automatically made at the other 13 side of the PTLS This position is a relative position with respect to the reference point of the element type in question 3 length of the PTLS the distance between the starting point of the PTLS and the location where the link with the other PTLS or the line feed will be made Since this length is used for two purposes a it defines the part of the PTLS with which full mutual coupling is taken into account and b it is used to derive the characteristics of the PTLS propagation coefficients and characteristic impedances it has to be sufficiently large i e larger than ca a quarter wavelength 4 number of subdivisions along the length used in the analysis for the equidistant subsectioning of the PTLS along the length 5 rotation angle the angle between the x axis and the direction of the PTLS Graphic
25. e 1 invokes the Discrete Complex Images Method DCIM which is much faster but a bit less stable 6 Testing choice between Galerkin or razor blade type testing GALERKIN CAN ONLY BE USED IN CASE NO WALLS ARE PRESENT 7 EEF use This parameter determines whether the user wants to use subsectional Edge Expansion Functions yes gt type 1 no gt type 0 These expansion functions incorporate the exact behavior of the currents near the edges and increase the convergence of the analysis in terms of the number of expansion functions In this MAGMAS release the subsectional edge expansion functions are only effectively used on the rectangular segments of patches and lines They are not used on the triangular segments of patches and on apertures and slots 8 Reciprocity this property can be explicitly used or not used in the calculation of the Green s functions 9 designer parameters only for experienced users 4 2 4 f Optimization parameters Choose the button Optimisation Parameters to enter the corresponding subwindow Within this window you can enter whether you want to use the optimisation mode or the plot mode and how you want to use it Optimisation within MAGMAS is an iterative process that searches for the values of a number of input variables in order to reach certain values for a number of output variables The search is performed in certain intervals for the input variables The plot mode allows to make plots of
26. e and did not save the input you first get a window with three buttons Save save the previous structure input Discard continue with the loading of the existing structure without saving and Cancel cancel the decision to load the existing structure The selection of Load generates a File Requester Window which allows to go through the directory structure of the disk In this way you can select the directory in which the existing structure is put Once arrived in the right directory you will get a list of all structures already available in that directory You can choose from this list or at the right you can enter the name At the top you will find the complete path of the directory you re in 4 2 3 c Saving the current structure Choose the button Save If a name was not yet chosen for the structure then the structure is named Untitled see Saving under another name 4 2 3 d Saving under another name Choose the button Save as The selection of Save as generates a File Requester Window which allows to go through the directory structure of the disk In this way you can select the directory in which the structure has to be put Once arrived in the right directory you will get a list of all structures already available in that directory You can choose from this list in case you want to redefine this structure using the current input or at the right you can enter a new name A
27. e the wall segments in subsegments which is not allowed in this MAGMAS version Segments on patches strips may be subsegmented Patches and walls or strips and walls may also cross which means that an intersecting line exists The same rules for the segmenting of both the patch strip and wall as in the case of touching hold Place elements Within MAGMAS the Element Type part is used to define element types The real positioning of elements of the different types in a structure is done in this part With the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current element type Add Element button With this button you can add a single element A subwindow is generated where you can insert the element placement type Fixed means that you really fix the position of the element In this case you can insert the coordinates of the reference point and the rotation angle of the element Free means that you tell MAGMAS that there is indeed an element to be added but the exact position will be defined later in the Connect Elements part Add Array button With this button you can add an array of elements A subwindow is generated where you can insert the coordinates of the reference point of the first element of the array the rotation angle of this first element the number of elements in the first translation direction the number of elements in the second translation direction the translation vector in the first direction the tran
28. egions part using the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current subregion Below this you can see how many patches walls and probes are already present in the current subregion By pushing one of the component buttons Patch Wall or Probe you can select the component you want to treat Pushing the bottom Previous and Next buttons you can select the current component of the selected component type With the Delete button you can delete this component with the Edit button you can edit it With the Add button you can add a new component of the selected component type In the Components in Shielding Layers part using the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current shielding layer Below this you can see how many apertures are already present in the current shielding layer Pushing the bottom Previous and Next buttons you can select the current aperture With the Delete button you can delete this component with the Edit button you can edit it With the Add button you can add a new aperture In the PTLS part using the Previous and Next buttons you can select the current PTLS Above this you can see how many PTLS s are already present With the Delete button you can delete this PTLS with the Edit button you can edit it With the Add button you can add a new PTLS Adding or editing a compo
29. ent current modes taking care of the continuous flow of electric current between the probe cylinder itself and the planar conductors The part of the attachment modes on the planar conductors flows on so called probe discs that are disc spaced parts of the planar conductors The larger the radius of these probe discs is the more stable the calculation will be However it is evident that for physical reasons the probe discs have to be completely embedded within the planar conductors A basic rule to determine a minimum probe disc radius is probe disc radius x highest probe mode number 1 length probe gt 1 5 see also highest probe mode number probe conductivity This is the conductivity of the probe cylinder highest probe mode number solved numerically Within MAGMAS the distribution of the electric current on the probe in the longitudinal direction is taken into account by decomposing this distribution into cosinusoidal modes The modes with mode number 0 up to the highest probe mode number are determined rigorously the modes with mode number above the highest probe mode number are determined in an approximate way using analytical expressions A basic rule to determine a minimum value is probe disc radius x highest probe mode number 1 length probe gt 1 5 see also radius of the probe discs ATTENTION values higher than 0 will result in a much higher probe computation time number of subdivisions in the z direction Within the mode
30. erted an aperture with a number of basis functions higher than allowed for this specific MAGMAS version His goal was probably to get an extremely high accuracy by using a high performance meshing The MAGMAS version installed on the computer used however prohibits this due to the restrictions on the computer memory A reduction of the number of segments on this aperture may solve the problem 6 References 1 The MAGMAS framework general physical structure 2 The MAGMAS framework the modeling procedure
31. eters correspond to the S parameters referenced to the characteristic impedances of the ports in question or the Y parameters respectively Choosing the button S parameters allows to visualize the scattering parameters referenced to 50 Ohm Choosing the button Z parameters allows to visualize the impedance parameters choosing the button Y parameters allows to visualize the admittance parameters All four are treated in the same way A subwindow is generated where the number and type of graphs is managed Using the Previous and Next buttons you can select the current graph Using the Add button you can add a graph This causes the generation of the port selection subwindow Using the Delete button you can delete the current graph Using the Edit button you can edit the current graph This also causes the generation of the port selection subwindow You can also set the type of graph Real show the real part Imaginary show the imaginary part Amplitude show the amplitude and Phase show the phase Real and imaginary part are mostly used for Z and Y parameters amplitude and phase are mostly used for S parameters Up to four graphs can be defined They are all shown in the same figure In the port selection subwindow you select the ports between which you want to show the coupling Using the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the source element or source line
32. g grid The number needed strongly depends on the exact shape of the polyline you want to draw Pushing the Draw button generates the design window Design window In the design window you can draw a new polyline or modify an existing one The Clear button can be used to clear the design window from polylines drawn in it You can easily design a polyline by using the mouse buttons Clicking the left mouse button defines a point in the design window The second point defined is automatically connected to the first point the third point to the second point etc with a red line Clicking the middle mouse button finishes the polyline design This is marked by turning the polyline color into brown CROSSING OF THE LINES OF THE POLYLINE IS NOT ALLOWED Clicking the right mouse button removes the last connection and the point corresponding to it In the Options menu you can choose between two versions the Any point version i e any point in the design window can be defined or the Raster line version where only points on raster lines can be defined If you click a point the raster point closest to the point clicked will be defined At any time you can see at the top the x and y coordinates of the point that would be defined if you clicked at that moment Overlapping components Two patches a strip and a patch two apertures or a slot and an aperture may overlap However in these cases THE TWO SUBMESHES OF THE COMMON P
33. ill be included 6 the lower boundary and the upper boundary They define the interval in which is searched or plotted 7 the number of points for a plot only used in the plot mode 8 the number of output variables This number sets the number of output variables With the Add and Delete buttons you can add or delete an input variable 19 9 the current output variable s number This number sets the rank number of the output variable under consideration 10 the output variable the format for the selection of an output variable is Sij Zij Yij S indicates that an S parameter Z that a Z parameter and Y that an Y paramenter is selected i and j stand for the row and column number in the S Z or Y matrix 11 the wanted value The real Re and imaginary Im part of the wanted value for the output variable under consideration have to be inserted here 12 the weight factor for the output variable under consideration 13 the cost for the output variable under consideration The cost is the criterion used to stop the optimization iteration 4 2 5 The calculate menu Within this version of MAGMAS before starting a calculation you always have to save the planar structure If you do not save MAGMAS will analyze the last version saved of the structure After pushing the Calculate button you get the calculation window where you have several buttons to organize the calculation procedure Only direct calculation is sup
34. ions that you have access to the MAGMAS software and that you run the MAGMAS software while reading or consulting this manual The set up of this manual is thus based on interactivity The MAGMAS software consists of a user interface and an analysis engine This manual mainly describes the interactive actions with the user interface and the messages warnings and errors produced by the engine 1 5 Related documents Within this manual it is assumed that you are familiar with the terminology used for planar and quasi 3D structures In case you are not familiar with this terminology you can consult the report on the physical structures which can be modeled with the MAGMAS framework 1 There the planar structures themselves are explained in more detail 1 6 Conventions italic The italic style is used for text which has to be inserted by the user bold The bold style is used for text which has to be replaced by the appropriated information Example filename has to be replaced by the correct name of the file under consideration lt key gt This is a reference to the key on the keyboard with the name mentioned button or menu This is a reference to a button or a menu within the MAGMAS software 1 7 List of acronyms and abbreviations S EEF Subsectional Edge Expansion Functions GF Green s Function IM IMaginary part of a complex number MAGMAS Model for the Analysis of General Multilayered Antenna Structures ADS Ad
35. is done with the user interface 4 1 Starting up information Once logged in you have to open a Terminal You can go to any directory you prefer and can start MAGMAS by typing path magmasv interface magmas int The name magmas int can be replaced by a user defined name just by renaming the magmas int executable file As a result the main MAGMAS window should pop up Starting up options e to choose a user defined program title in stead of MAGMAS User Interface start up with path magmasv interface nagmas int title program title e to choose a background color for all MAGMAS windows start up with path magmasv interface nagmas int bg color e to choose a foreground color start up with path magmasv interface magmas int fg color e to choose a different letter type start up with path magmasv interface magmas int fn letter type e multiple options are allowed the order of the options is arbitrary 4 2 The user interface 4 2 1 General information Choosing from a menu is done by putting the mouse cursor on the menu by pushing the left mouse button and while keeping this button pushed going with the mouse cursor to your choice in the menu and letting go the left mouse button To give input you first put the mouse cursor on the appropriate input location and then you insert the input parameter using the keyboard Input with a certain dimension can be given in a user preferred unit e g a length of 0 1 m can be inserted by typing
36. ks with S parameters referenced to 50 Ohm instead of with S parameters referenced to the characteristic impedances of the ports in question This is automatically taken into account by MAGMAS 4 2 7 d Configuring the default printer Choosing the button Configure Printer you get a subwindow where you can set the default printer 4 2 8 The Info menu Choosing this button generates a subwindow where you get information about the MAGMAS software and its development team 5 MAGMAS messages warnings and errors 29 66 MAGMAS has three types of messages to the user messages warnings and errors 5 1 Messages The goal of a message is to give normal information to the user about the analysis procedure After a message is given without stopping the analysis engine continues the analysis The radiation efficiency radiated power divided by input power of a structure is given as a message at the end of the calculation for each frequency point at which the far field is determined 5 2 Warnings The goal of a warning is to give information to the user about 1 changes the MAGMAS framework has made to the input parameters in order to enhance the stability of the numerical analysis procedure 2 the fact that the structure to analyze is such that some stability boundary is being approached After a warning is given without stopping the analysis engine continues the analysis Warnings are written in the file WARNING
37. l voltage combining coefficients are coefficients to be used when a combination of the modes is to be used Element types With the Previous and Next buttons the current element type is set With the Add normal button a new regular element type can be added This button generates an element type subwindow for the new regular element type With the Add S port button a new S port element type can be added This button generates an element type subwindow for the new S port element type With the Delete button the current element type can be deleted With the Edit button the current element type can be edited This button generates an element type subwindow for the current element type The regular element type subwindow is subdivided in four parts At the left the textual parts at the top the Element Type 11 Name part below the Components in Subregions part and at the bottom the Components in Shielding Layers part At the top right the graphical part At the bottom right the PTLS part The 3D view button below generates a window where the element type can be looked at from an angle to be inserted by the user With the mouse buttons this view can be scaled and rotated in 3D space This is very handy to check the proper location of the components inserted Textual part In the Element Type Name part you can enter a user defined name for the element type In the Components in Subr
38. ling of the probe integrals over the probe length occur which have to be evaluated numerically The number of segments used for this numerical evaluation is inserted here Values between 50 and 100 are advised probe type Active i e the probe is fed by a coaxial feed or passive i e the probe is just a conductor connecting two planar conductors located in two different layer interfaces radius of the coaxial aperture Only in the active case characteristic impedance of the coaxial feed Only in the active case position of the coaxial feed Only in the active case Left in the left layer interface of the probe right in the right layer interface of the probe highest mode number for probe feed coupling Only in the active case Within MAGMAS the coupling between probe and coaxial feed is calculated analytically as an infinite series over the modes of the probe You can insert here how many of the series terms you want to take into account Values between 20 and 100 are advised APERTURE component parameters 1 2 3 position of the aperture reference point This position is a relative position with respect to the reference point of the element type in question aperture shape Rectangular i e aperture rectangle or general Pushing the buttons Rectangular or General causes the starting up of the Patch and aperture designer aperture type Active i e the user imposes a known magnetic current onto the apertur
39. nding on the convergence of the infinite array problem You can check this by doing a small convergence study e g comparing the results for 10 100 and 1000 rings It is possible that you do not observe any convergence due to strong coupling between the elements At this moment no solution for this problem is implemented A solution will be available in the next release of MAGMAS Connect elements PTLS LINKS PTLS FEEDS 16 WITHIN MAGMAS EACH PTLS OF EACH ELEMENT OF EACH ELEMENT TYPE HAS TO BE CONNECTED EXACTLY ONCE LE LINKED TO ANOTHER PTLS OR FED BY A PTLS FEED In the connect elements part you can make these connections With the Previous and Next buttons you can select the current connection Add button With this button you can add a connection Pushing this button generates a subwindow where you can insert the connection parameters Delete button With this button you can delete the current connection Edit button With this button you can edit the current connection Pushing this button generates a subwindow where you can modify its connection parameters Connection parameters 1 Connection type Line Link or Line Feed A LINE LINK means that in the structure two PTLS s defined within two different elements are linked by a third PTLS This is only possible if the two PTLSs of the two elements 1 are of the same type and 2 are directed towards each other This is automatically checked by MAGMAS
40. ned or the Raster line version where only points on raster lines can be defined If you click a point the raster point closest to the point clicked will be defined At any time you can see at the top the x and y coordinates of the point that would be defined if you clicked at that moment THE MESHER AVAILABLE AT THIS MOMENT WITHIN MAGMAS IS NOT FULLY OPTIMIZED SINCE THE MESHING IS IMPORTANT IN RELATION TO THE QUALITY OF THE RESULTS IN CASE TRIANGLES ARE USED PLEASE BE CAREFUL WITH THE INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS A MUCH MORE PERMORMANT MESHER WILL BECOME AVAILABLE IN A FUTURE RELEASE OF MAGMAS The patch and aperture current designer The patch and aperture current designer allows to impose a user defined electric current on a patch and a user defined magnetic current on an aperture This current is defined as a function over the xy plane for the x directed current and a function over the xy plane for the y directed current At this moment these functions can be entered in MATLAB format For patches with the view current button you can visualize the current For apertures visualization is not supported within this MAGMAS version The polyline designer You can enter the size of the design window along the x axis the number of subdivisions along the x axis of this window the size of the design window along the y axis and the number of subdivisions along the y axis of this window The number of subdivisions is used to make a drawin
41. nent generates a component subwindow In this component subwindow you can enter or modify the COMPONENT PARAMETERS the parameters describing the component in question PATCH component parameters 1 layer interface containing the patch See section Layer structure 2 position of the reference point This position is a relative position with respect to the reference point of the element type in question 3 conductivity 4 thickness At this moment MAGMAS does not take into account the patch thickness It always assumes zero thickness in the analysis 5 patch shape Rectangular i e patch rectangle or general Pushing the buttons Rectangular or General causes the starting up of the Patch and aperture designer 6 patch type Active i e the user imposes a known electric current onto the patch or passive i e the patch current is generated by incident fields and is calculated during the analysis Pushing the button Active causes the starting up of the Patch and aperture current designer WALL component parameters 1 left layer interface interface where the cylindrical wall starts 2 right layer interface interface where the cylindrical wall stops 3 position of the reference point This position is a relative position with respect to the reference point of the element type in question 4 conductivity 5 Polyline of the wall Pushing the button Draw causes the starting up of the
42. ng a graph 4 2 7 6 Writing the graph data in a file 4 2 7 c Exporting an S matrix to ADS 4 2 7 d Configuring the default printer 4 2 8 The Info menu MAGMAS MESSAGES WARNINGS AND ERRORS 5 1 Messages 5 2 Warnings 5 3 Errors 5 3 a Memory violation errors 5 3 b Input errors Physical error Numerical error REFERENCES 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 1 Introduction 1 1 Intended readership This document explains how to use the MAGMAS software It is intended to be used by new users while getting started and as a reference by experienced users 1 2 Applicability statement This user manual applies to the MAGMAS 3D release 1 3 Purpose The goal of this user manual is to explain how users have to work with the MAGMAS software The manual can be used in two ways For new users the fastest way to get acquainted with the software is to read the instruction section while running the software and to try out all interactions between software and user described in this section For experienced users the user manual can serve as a reference The MAGMAS software is the implementation of the MAGMAS framework This framework was developed to analyze general multilayered planar and quasi 3D structures The detailed description of what a multilayered planar or quasi 3D structure is can be found in 1 1 4 How to use this document This manual is written under the assumpt
43. o 2 in the directory lib It is necessary to have a matlab5 license or a gnuplot license available on the computer where MAGMAS is installed either matlab or gnuplot is used for visualization matlab is commercially available gnuplot is freeware 3 1 Directory and file information It is assumed that MAGMAS has been installed in the proper way on your computer This means that there is a directory with the name magmasv v is the version number of the MAGMAS software which has a subdirectory called interface In the magmasv directory the analysis engine executable called magmas eng is put In the interface directory the user interface executable called magmas int is put If ftp is used be sure that the transfer is done in binary mode Also check the permissions of the executable files before starting to work with MAGMAS If matlab is used for visualization it is assumed that matlab is available under the directory software matlab If matlab is not available under this directory this directory has to be created and a link to the real matlab directory has to be made In some cases the system manager of the computer system under consideration has to make a specific link as root type In s software matlab extern lib Inx86 lib usr lib This link is to solve an internal matlab problem If gnuplot is used for visualization please be sure that it is installed properly during the linux installation It is always possible
44. own for the calculation of S Z or Y parameters or for the calculation of far field parameters generated by a single port excited They have to be known however for the calculation of the far field parameters of the complete structure as fed in real circumstances The excitations within MAGMAS are inserted in several steps Choose the button Excitation Parameters to enter the corresponding subwindow The first step is the definition of the relation between all the feeds present WITHIN THE ELEMENT TYPES This is done in the top part of the window The possible feed types here are the active patch the active wall the active aperture and the active probe the coaxial feed The physical interpretation of an excitation is for an active patch and aperture it is the complex coefficient with which the active currents defined in these components have to multiplied in order to get the physically present current for an active probe it is the complex amplitude of the fundamental mode component of the exciting 17 electric field distribution in the coaxial aperture With the top Previous and Next buttons you can select the current element type MAGMAS automatically shows the number of ports within this type With the bottom Previous and Next buttons you can select the current port MAGMAS shows automatically the nature of the port active patch wall aperture or probe With the Edit button you can edit the complex excita
45. ported within this MAGMAS release This is invoked by pushing the OK button It is possible to do an analysis by starting the analysis engine by hand instead of using the user interface see section The analysis engine 4 2 6 The View menu Under this menu the results of the analyses can be visualized You can visualize network parameters N parameters S parameters Z parameters Y parameters radiation parameters far fields of single ports far fields of the complete structure current graphs and optimization plots With the Close All Graphs button you can erase all graphs from the screen 4 2 6 a Network parameters Choosing the button N parameters allows to visualize the natural network parameters of the structure The natural parameters relate the natural inputs of the ports to the natural outputs of the ports In case of a line feed the natural input and output are the incoming and outgoing fundamental mode on the corresponding line in case of a coaxial feed the natural input and output are the magnetic current and the magnetic field in the coaxial aperture in case of an active aperture the natural input and output are the magnetic current and the magnetic field in the aperture in case of an active patch or wall the natural input and output are the electric current and the electric field on the patch Important are the cases where only line feeds or only coaxial feeds are used In these cases the natural param
46. s sweeps over 180 to the positive z axis and back over 180 to the negative z axis In the case question marks appear this means that no far fields were calculated Finally you select the frequency at which you want to observe the far field and the graph type Amplitude Phase Axial Ratio or Gain For Amplitude and Phase the result consists of two curves one for the 8 component and one for the components The radiation efficiency radiated power divided by input power of a structure is given as a message at the end of the calculation for each frequency point at which the far field is determined see Message section This efficiency is calculated using only the far field directions in which the far fields were calculated This means that in cases where the far field pattern strongly varies in terms of the far field direction the efficiency calculated may be completely erroneous 4 2 6 c Currents The visualization of currents is not supported within this MAGMAS release 4 2 6 d Optimization plots In the plot mode one or more output variables can be shown in terms of a single input variable You can also set the type of graph Real show the real part Imaginary show the imaginary part Amplitude show the amplitude and Phase show the phase 4 2 7 The Print menu Under this menu the graphs of the view menu can be printed to a file or to a printer the graph data can
47. slation vector in the second direction the rotation angle in the first direction the rotation angle in the second direction A rotation angle defines the progressive rotation for consecutive elements in the direction in question NOTE THAT ELEMENTS OF THE SAME TYPE HAVE TO BE INSERTED CONSECUTIVELY It is thus not allowed to insert an element of a different type between two elements of the same type Once all the elements are defined using the Add Element and Add Array buttons you can select a specific element using the current element Previous and Next buttons and delete this element or edit the parameters of this element by pushing the Delete or Edit buttons You can specify whether you want to repeat the complete structure you have defined up to now as element in an INFINITE ARRAY or not Pushing the button Single structure you select the option of keeping the structure as defined up to now Pushing the button Infinite structure you select the option to create an infinite array This button will generate a subwindow where you can enter whether you want a linear or planar infinite array the infinite array translation vector s the infinite array rotation angle s and the number of rings The number of rings is a numerical parameter used in the analysis of the infinite array It determines how many rings are actually taken into account during the analysis Which number to insert is thus strongly depe
48. software input The information to be supplied to the software mainly consists of the physical structure to be analyzed the frequencies at which it has to be analyzed and the numerical parameters determining the accuracy of the analysis A detailed description of all input information can be found in the instruction section of this document 2 4 Information supplied by the software output The output of the software concerns the important properties used by designers in the field to characterize planar structures network parameters important for all planar circuits and radiation parameters important for planar antennas 2 4 1 network parameters N parameters over a frequency band S parameters over a frequency band Z parameters over a frequency band Y parameters over a frequency band 2 4 2 radiation parameters far field pattern at specific frequencies gain at specific frequencies radiation efficiency at specific frequencies 3 Installation section The MAGMAS framework software consists of a user interface and an analysis engine The MAGMAS user interface is written for X Windows the graphical shell of Unix or Linux This means that at this moment MAGMAS only runs on Unix and Linux systems At this moment it has been successfully installed on HP stations SUN stations and on PCs running Linux several kernels If you run an older version of Linux it may be necessary to install extra files libc so 6 libm so 6 and 1d linux s
49. t the top you will find the complete path of the directory you re in 4 2 3 e Quitting the MAGMAS User Interface Choose the button Quit If changes have been made and you did not save the current structure you will get a window offering the possibility to cancel the quitting in order to be able to save the current structure 4 2 4 The edit menu Under this menu the physical structure is inserted for a new structure or edited for an existing structure This editing is subdivided in six parts the frequency part the physical parameters part the excitation part the general parameters part the numerical parameters part and the optimization part 4 2 4 a Frequency parameters Choose the button Frequency Parameters to enter the frequency window In the top part of the window the frequency band of interest to the user can be inserted in two ways The first is the standard way by providing the begin frequency the end frequency and the number of frequency points After pushing the button Fill Band in this case an equidistant frequency distribution will be calculated within the user interface This list can be further modified by choosing within the frequency window the Edit button Within the subwindow appearing then you can add frequency points Add Before means just before the current frequency point in the list Add Behind means just behind the current frequency point in the list or delete frequency
50. ting a subregion generates a subwindow The Add Before and Add Behind buttons in this subwindow allow to add a layer at the right or at the left of the current dielectric layer The Delete button allows to delete the current layer The Edit button allows to edit the current layer DIELECTRIC LAYERS The dielectric layers are counted per subregion from right to left The rightmost dielectric layer within each subregion is layer 1 of this subregion LAYER INTERFACES The layer interfaces are also counted per subregion from right to left The rightmost layer interface within each subregion the interface between the right shielding layer and layer 1 of this subregion is layer interface 0 of this subregion Layer interface can thus be found at the left of layer l FINITE LAYER STRUCTURE By default MAGMAS assumes an infinite layer structure The finiteness of a layer structure can be inserted by pushing the Finite button after which the Edit button has to be pushed to further characterize the finiteness This generates a subwindow where you can push a Physical Shape button or a Method button The Physical Shape button generates a subwindow where you can select a rectangular layer structure a circular layer structure or you can invoke the layer structure designer to define the shape of the layer structure yourself This works in the same way as the patch and aperture designer see further The Metho
51. ting points of the two connected lines The global line is thus composed out of three pieces 1 the first line of the connection embedded within the first element of the connection 2 the second line of the connection embedded within the second element of the connection and the line linking the two As you can see the lengths of the two lines connected have no effect at all on the global line length This is directly inserted within MAGMAS The lengths of the lines connected only affect the part of the global line with which coupling is taken into account 7 Position of reference plane In the case of a line feed this is the distance between the starting point of the line and the position of the reference plane on this line 99 Graphical representation of the planar structure In this part you can see a front view xy cut seen from the positive z direction on scale of the global so called single structure even in case you have inserted an infinite structure see section Place elements The infinite repeating of the single structure in this case is not shown The current element selected in the Place elements part is shown in a red box Connections are shown as red lines line links or small red rectangles at line ends line feeds The current connection selected in the Connect elements part is marked by showing the two corresponding elements in two white boxes 4 2 4 c Excitation parameters Excitations do not have to be kn
52. tion The azimuth angle also marked is the angle between the projection of the direction under consideration in the xy plane and the x axis Example If you choose for elevation 90 and for azimuth 4 both in the right and the left half space the far field will be calculated in the half planes defined by b 0 b 2 2 n and P 37 2 for the angles 0 1 2 89 The write intermediate results option is only important for MAGMAS designers and not for MAGMAS users Pushing Yes causes the software to generate 1 additional intermediate results files and 2 plotting facilities 4 2 4 e Numerical parameters Choose the button Numerical Parameters to enter the corresponding subwindow Within this window you can enter the numerical parameters These parameters affect the accuracy of the analysis In normal circumstances however the user is advised not to deviate from the values advised 1 the number of expansion wave directions This number sets the number of expansion wave directions used in the modeling of coupling between elements An expansion wave is a physical wave present in the planar structure traveling between the elements It is evident that for each element expansion waves in all directions are emitted outgoing expansion waves and expansion waves are coming in from all directions incoming expansion waves Setting the number to a certain value means that 1 the outgoing expansion waves of the element types are
53. tion of this port amplitude and phase With the Update Elements button you impose the new internal relations for this element type to all elements of this type Once this step is done the relation between the internal excitations of the elements are fixed The second step is the definition of the relation BETWEEN FEED COMBINATIONS OF THE ELEMENTS This is done in the second part of the window by defining functions of x and y both for amplitude and phase and for each element type The meaning of an amplitude function A x y and phase function P x y is that an element located at x y of an element type with internal feed excitation amplitudes al a2 etc and phases p1 p2 etc shows global excitation amplitudes for these feeds equal to A x y al A x y a2 etc and global phases equal to P x y p1 P x y p2 etc In MAGMAS the amplitudes are expressed in dB and the product in the amplitude case becomes a summation also With the Previous Next and Edit buttons in this part you can insert all necessary functions With the Update Elements button you impose the new functions for this element type to all elements of this type After the previous two steps a third step is possible In the third part of the window you can edit each individual port of each element separately You can use this to modify what you have inserted in the two previous steps With the top and bottom Previous and Next buttons you can
54. vanced Design System software package to design microwave circuits distributed by Agilent N parameter Natural network parameter RE REal part of a complex number 1 8 Problem reporting instructions In case the software shows a problem this can be reported to the MAGMAS developing team by phone fax email Their representative is Prof Guy A E Vandenbosch ESAT TELEMIC Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 B 3001 Leuven Belgium Tel 32 16 32 11 10 Fax 32 16 32 19 86 email guy vandenbosch esat kuleuven ac be 2 Overview section The MAGMAS software is being developed to analyze general planar and quasi 3D structures The output consists of network parameters S matrix Z matrix Y matrix and radiation parameters far field patterns both co and cross polar components gain and axial ratio 2 1 Definition of the general physical structure See the report on the general physical structure 1 This report allows the user to get an idea on which physical structures can be analyzed with the MAGMAS framework The report does not bother with the details on how to insert these physical structures This is described in full detail in the instruction section of this manual 2 2 Overview of the analysis This analysis is done by solving Maxwell s equations for these structures For experts in the field a complete description of the solving procedure is given in the report on the modeling procedure 2 2 3 Information to be supplied to the
55. you can enter the size of the design window along the x axis the number of subdivisions along the x axis of this window the size of the design window along the y axis and the number of subdivisions along the y axis of this window The number of subdivisions is used to make a drawing grid The number needed strongly depends on the exact shape of the component you want to draw and which design method you want to use Pushing the Bricks button invokes the bricks method pushing the Outlines button invokes the outlines method see section Design window A minimum of 20 subdivisions per wavelength is advised Pushing the Draw button generates the design window With the File menu you can load or save a patch aperture with a user defined name This option opens the possibility to re use an already designed patch aperture in another planar structure Design window In the design window you can draw a new patch aperture or modify an existing one The Clear button can be used to clear the design window from patches apertures drawn in it BRICKS METHOD Using this method you can build the patch aperture out of rectangular bricks By clicking the left mouse button the segment where the mouse cursor is located is added to the patch aperture If it has no neighbor it turns black which means that it is impossible in the modeling to take this segment into account In other words this means that the segment is not really added to
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