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1. a ail Si in os ll nin 9 15 97 2 15 The community is not supposed to be a secured area rather it s an area of management shared by managers and agents The managers on the left show that two communities can be managed by multiple stations even when the communities themselves have no inter connectivity Each of these two managers would need to know the strings in each community and which IP addresses are associated with each community The network of the middle community is so large two distinct communities are established even though they are one network The manager on the right would not Know how to reach the devices in the middle Even if it discovered their IP addresses no SNMP communication would be established because the community authentication would fail Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 15 me idm SNMP Messages e Three basic types e GetRequest e SetRequest e Trap Management System the manager Queries or a Commands Responses Management Database amp MIB
2. ForeView 10 16 97 P 14 Each rack may contain one of the following starting at the top CellPath 90 a T1 ATM interface supporting voice video and data PowerHub 7000 a routing switching hub providing ATM connectivity this PowerHub has 16 10BaseT ports an ATM uplink and dual power supplies CellPath 300 a cell midplane multiplexer supporting various services including ATM Patch Panel the point of all UTP wiring concentration ASX 200BX a 2 5 Gbps ATM switch with 4 ATM 155 Mbps UTP ports 6 ATM 1 5 Mbps T1 ports 4 ATM 155 Mbps OC 3c multimode ports and dual power supplies ES 3810 a low cost Ethernet switch with 24 ports of Ethernet 10BaseT one ATM 155 Mbps uplink and a network management module The London rack also contains an ASX 1000 ATM switch with two switching fabrics 5 Gbps total containing several ATM 155 Mbps OC 3c multimode ports Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 14 Patch Panel optional miajn nju najajai mma nmn n a ajaju nm ma maa aaan maa Multimode fibers at each ASX 200 een can attach up to four atatime from ASX 1000 PH 3810 CP300 ForeView 10 16 97 P 15 The patch panel in each rack is there to make things easier to connect any device to any device Two Cats UTP cables are run from each host Ethernet and ATM UTP ports to the ports marked as Host in the top row of connectors Below the Host ATM UTP ports are device ports for the ASX 200BX PowerHub and ES
3. Management Managed System System the manager Queries or the agent oe Commands Management Application or Process Responses Management Database MIB amp MIBs Objects Traps Notifications Foreview 9 15 97 2 4 The Management System is any network management platform A very simple platform would be a Unix workstation using a command line snmp walk like function A more sophisticated example would be the same workstation running HP OpenView Network Node Manager Sun NetManager or IBM s NetView 6000 Network Management software The Managed System is any network device that responds to and issues snmp messages For example a Unix workstation that runs the snmpd process could be a managed system Let s clarify the nomenclature Management System Manager Client Managed System Agent Server The messages exchanged are Queries Commands requests sent from the manager to the agent to get information or alter system parameters Responses the messages an agent sends in reply to queries or commands sent by the manager Traps Notifications unsolicited information coming from the agent to the manager Usually to alert of a status change or problem MIBs are shown in the diagram They are an important component and will be covered shortly Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 4 me idm The OSI Model and SNMP lt gt Mgmt Application SNMP PDU lt gt Structure ASN 1 and BE
4. me ten n Practice Lab ForeView s ATM map e Objective Examine the mapping of ATM devices found via the OpenView map Open the alternate map to compare the Stand alone version to the OpenView version 10 25 97 4 32 Procedures 1 From the OpenView Root map double click on the ATM Networks icon to bring up the ATM Networks submap Examine the star topology layout of the map and how switches are linked 2 From the OpenView menu line bring up the ForeView menu options Choose Alternate Map and watch as ForeView maps using the Stand alone module even running concurrently with the OpenView map 3 Close the alternate map by choosing File Exit from the map s menu line Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 32 ROJN SYSTEMS Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 1 ROJN zl wa Product Licensing A e Software licensing provides an on off switch for multiple products e Temporary license turns all products on e Permanent licenses activate software product by product All licenses contained in tmp fvlicense or FOREVIEW_ HOME conf license 10 14 97 5 2 The various ForeView applications check for the presence of a valid key on the host Generally speaking users migrate a station from a temporary license to a permanent license tied to the IP address of the host With Foreview 4 2 FORE s TAC generates a license key by serial number and IP address Each product a
5. Discovery Discovery Server f Server ForeView a ForeView Server Li ForeView X Client X Client ForeView 10 3 97 1 7 By performing discovery via signalling information and seeking every ATM backbone component a scalability problem is introduced in larger networks The solution is a client server architecture for discovery and status monitoring purposes This change increases scalability by a factor of 5 10 allows true distributed network management and allows the user to customize the discovery and status polling capabilities of ForeView Field use has shown that users can now effectively manage networks with hundreds of switches while at the same time lowering the latency in keeping up to date with actual network status changes As scalability is increased so is flexibility The discovery and status daemon serves the network topology information to the any of the supported Network Management Systems OpenView SunNet Manager and NetView as well as Standalone ForeView Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 Device Managers e Graphical point and click device configuration and status monitoring at the device level for ATM switches PowerHubs and LAN Access switches Le ii Coe eee Olle OE el le 10 3 97 1 8 The Device Manager provides an intuitive graphics based interface for device management A photo like image of the device in question allows users to easily configure and monitor the device using si
6. and labs Channel and Tracer tools Day 3 Inventory graphing logging tools troubleshooting with ForeView and labs 10 16 97 P 11 Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 11 fiji The Lab Layout Room 1 ForeView 10 16 97 P 12 The network facility that you have access to for this class includes enhancements to help you maximize your learning efforts The student to keyboard ratio is 1 1 Two basic ATM desktop platforms are in the training room Unix on Suns and Windows NT on Compags Throughout the course you will have ample opportunity to use both platforms It is to your advantage to switch between end nodes within your group to get firsthand experience on both and to see the differences in features enabled on each platform The network equipment is clustered in racks Naming conventions for the equipment is based on names for each rack London Paris Rome and Sydney are the rack names so the host names are simply Rome1 Rome2 Rome3 etc With a maximum of four students per rack there should be ample opportunity to do it yourself on each lab Watching someone else execute a lab will not result in the same learning experience Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 12 The Lab Layout Room 2 Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView oe Racked Equipment CellPath 90 iat nk Ani int Ia a PowerHub 7000 OOOOOOOOOOIOO OOOOOOOOOOIOO Soogeeggggea Patch panel OOOOOOOOOOIOO ASX 200 BX
7. 97 ForeView 4 14 OpenView Start up and Shut SYSTEMS flown Use ovstart to start up OpenView and ForeView background processes Use ovstatus to list status of OpenView and ForeView background processes Use ovstop to stop OpenView and ForeView background processes OpenView and ForeView background processes are automatically started on system boot up 10 25 97 4 15 OpenView and ForeView both run in the background meaning they are operating even when the user is not currently using the applications Using the ovstart command causes both the OpenView and ForeView processes to begin running The ovstatus command will show a list of all the background processes and their status The ovstop command will stop all the background processes These commands can be used globally without specifying any options or particular processes or as directed commands to individual processes ovstart ovstop and ovstatus can all be used to start stop or get status on a single OpenView background process ovstart fvds starts the discovery server ovstart fvovmon starts fvovmon ovstatus snmpCollect status on snmpCollect ovstop stops all OpenView and ForeView background processes Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 15 Handling Trans fvovirapd can request information from fvdsd when trying to process traps All traps are verified before they are sent on to be processed by OpenView Alpha fvovtrapd discove
8. ATM Networks all switches and interswitch connections that exist in the managed network ATM Switch Connections switch in star topology ATM Links all unidirectional links between switches Signaling Paths Submap Fabrics Submap detail of links showing UNI and SPANS data detail of ASX1000 enclosure showing individual fabrics 10 25 97 4 24 Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 24 ATM Networks 10 25 97 4 25 Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 25 ATM Switch Connections ForeView 10 25 97 4 26 The Switch Connections map shows all the devices attached to a particular switch 1 Name labels are used when the interface s name is known 2 IP address labels are used if names are not known 3 The icon shows what kind of device is attached 4 The port number of each link is displayed referencing the switch at the center Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 26 HP OV and NetView Only e Link status submap including hardware carrier status i iahh a Let bret dedi e Link propagation to higher levels e When a switch fails the network icons on higher map will now reflect a status change by changing colors 10 25 97 4 27 since a link is a separate managed object three different characteristics can be displayed in a submap Hardware carrier If carrier is down signaling will also be down NOTE Following release 4 2 this object will be called Line Status and wil
9. Do what works best for you Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 17 melita S System Requirements e Supported hardware storage RAM and operating system configurations Standalone Integrated Sun HP SGI IBM Intel Windows NT ForeView 10 3 97 1 18 Sun Hewlett Packard Silicon IBM Intel Microsystems Graphics Platforms Operating Solaris 2 4 or HP UX 10 01 or IRIX 5 3 AIX 4 1 Windows NT gyn fsx few fara Supported SPARCstation HP9000 Series MIPS R4000 RS 6000 IBM platform 10 or higher machines compatible with Pentium Network Ethernet or ATM Ethernet or ATM Ethernet or Ethernet or Ethernet or interface card SBA 200 card HPA 200 JATM card ATM card ATM card GIA 200 MCA 200 ESA or PCA 200 Monitor eoo eoler eoo _ oolar __roaaxea Available disk 132 MB min 32 MB min 32 MB min 130 MB min 100 MB min mace even paven ee Swap space 64 MB min 64 MB min 64 MB min 164 MB min N A isanaore nn A D Swap space 96 MB min 96 MB min N A N A N A OV SNM 128 MB 128 MB recommended recommended recommended 32 MB min 32 MB min 64 MB min 64 MB min 64 MB min 64 MB 64 MB recommended recommended Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 18 ROJN SYSTEMS Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 1 SNMP Basics e Network Management Architecture e IP Connectivity e MIB Variables e Community Strings e SNMP PDUs 9 15 97 2 2 This is not intended to be a com
10. ForeView Channel Tool Graphing Tool Inventory Tool Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 1 ForeView Channel Tool e One of the most powerful tools in ForeView is the ability to create modify and delete virtual components of an ATM network e Graphical interface allows creation of PVCs virtual paths UPC contracts and SPVCs from a single dialog box 11 6 97 6 2 Virtual Circuits can be created in ForeRunner Switches by using AMI In general the steps to create a VCC consist of selecting the input port the Virtual Path Virtual Channel output port Virtual Path Virtual Channel and other parameters regarding the Quality of Service QoS The ForeThought operating system on the switch is very sophisticated but the steps to create a Virtual Path Virtual Channel and modify its parameters may be cumbersome ForeView provides these parameter choices in an easy to manage dialog box called the Channel Tool The steps to create PVCs in the switch are very similar to the AMI command line except that they are added in columns and parameters are found as menu choices and buttons Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 2 HOJNE E accessing The Channel Tool e Command line unix or NT fychan e Front Panel display s Menu bar VCC VPC e Map icon Pull down menu option e User enters the port path and channel information in the appropriate fields and then specific QoS parameters 11 6 97 6 3 The Ch
11. Name Edge Switch Name Switch port Switch Port VPI VPI VCI VCI QoS parameters UBR Direction of links Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 11 Trace Paths and Channels e Paths and Channels can be traced from end to end in the network These channel traces can either be viewed in a tabular or graph format e Traces can be point to point point to multipoint and multipoint to point 11 6 97 6 12 The Channel Path Tracer can be used for several purposes including e Isolation of hosts consuming the most bandwidth in the network e Studies of node communication destinations e Examinations of cell throughput droppage and rejections at each hop a channel makes as it traverses a network It can be invoked to determine the source of the traffic on the channel and which node is receiving traffic The graphing facility of the tool allows tracking of cell flows and rejects at each hop that a channel makes through the network allowing rapid isolation of problems on that channel as it crosses the network The Tabular Trace looks similar to routing tables and contains a hop by hop description of the device port VPI VCI and hop count as it goes from the source host to the destination The Graph Trace can trace a channel graph the cell loss cells and rejects notification of cell loss by framing errors or show a policing graph Although the previous examples of tracing were concerned with point to point the trace tool c
12. PowerHub products fvtacink Error and stack trace utility fvtracer Channel tracing tool fvswmgr Software management upgrade tool Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 3 FORE SYSTEMS e A simple ASCII file containing optional and required resources e None of the resources are active initially but most are pre set with factory default settings e Read each time a particular application is started e The most concise description of configuration choices 10 14 97 5 4 General format ResourceName value value value or Specifier ResourceName value value value Samples ClusterName 123 CentralASX1000 In this case ClusterName has only one value no other information is needed Fvds discSwitches romebx 1000 5 Here the specifier Fvds is given multiple values which are names or IP addresses of switches to use for discovery starting points Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 4 ROJN m e Command Line Execution e Applications can be accessed quickly e Syntax contains options allowing fast customization ForeView 10 14 97 5 5 The recommended method of configuration is to store desired values in the configuration file However certain circumstances make command line execution appropriate because different resource values can be specified in the command line overiding the parameters in the configuration file For example if a network failure occurred and it wo
13. TAC Simplifies and speeds problem resolution The fvtacink form lets you enter information about the stack trace comments and environment before it is sent via e mail to TAC ForeView 8 1 97 A 17 FV TAClink is a GUI application provided with ForeView that helps the user of ForeView report problems back to FORE Systems Technical Assistance Center TAC ForeView applications launch FV TAClink automatically when a fatal error occurs in the application Alternatively the user may launch FV TAClink directly from the command line FV TAClink allows the user to provide information about the ForeView user and also retrieves information about the system on which ForeView is running A user may select which pieces of information should not be included The information that is gathered is automatically packaged by FV TAClink and the user may choose to send the information directly to FORE Systems Technical Support via email or to save the information to file The information is stored in clear text so that the user can inspect the information and make sure that no company sensitive information is mistakenly sent to FORE Systems The information that FV TAClink gathers from the ForeView workstation is organized into 3 sections First there is ForeView specific information including the ForeView license file the ForeView site wide configuration file ForeView version etc Second there is Switch Topology information which gives Technic
14. customer buys has its own serial number A license key is generated for each one and then stacked into the ForeView license file For example if the NMS IP address is 1 1 1 1 and the serial number is 0000111111 we would get ForeView License Certificate Address 1 1 1 1 Products FV Key 26715c72 Also a customer can lump these keys together for administrative ease If he had puchased 5 copies of ForeView for 5 stations one file containing all 5 licenses could be copied to all machines instead of making sure each license file had the correct key on each machine Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 2 FORE ass a wa FOreView Applications E e Collectively comprise ForeView e Can be started from a command line e Unqualified entries consult the configuration file or accept defaults e Settings in the configuration file can be overridden by command line syntax e Most can be started from the GUI e This will always consult the configuration file or accept defaults 10 14 97 5 3 Directories of ForeView applications frontpnl Front panel element management tools fvcall Call record statistics tools fvchan Virtual path virtual channel tools fvdisco Discovery and status server diagnostic utility fvgraph Graphing and logging tool fvhelp Help files fvinv Network inventory tool fvmap ATM mapping tools fvoams OA amp M cell activation and monitoring fvphub Element management of
15. discovered The Fvds discSwitches resource defines the switches that the daemon fvdsd uses to begin discovery of the network and does NOT specify what the applications will use to show on a map During the installation process if this resource is not defined in the configuration file the user is prompted for the Discovery Switch Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 3 a n Discovery Steps e Once the discovery switches Fvds discSwitches are contacted fvds asks if they have any NNI links e If there are NNI links the remote address stored for each link is retrieved e Fvds can then make SNMP contact with those addresses 10 25 97 4 4 Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 4 ROINE YSTEMS The Discovery Server After discovery a list is generated and subsequent status polls are sent to each device in the list e The list is a memory cache to allow for faster discovery e Users can customize the speed of discovery and speed of polling through configuration files e When the daemon is stopped the cache is dumped 10 25 97 4 5 The fvds daemon has two tasks First the application discovers the network elements and polls the information to keep its own internal cache up to date Second it makes the network topology and status information available to clients through a TCP socket Remote ForeView stations can contact these fvds instances and read data from there It is important to
16. e Global software upgrades with a single point and click operation Simplifies and accelerates the process of T downloading new and Si ssns upgraded software across the enterprise 10 3 97 1 11 ForeView Software Manager greatly simplifies the process of downloading new and upgraded software across the enterprise This feature complements the functionality provided by ForeView Inventory by allowing the user to perform remote software upgrades to ATM switches globally or selectively Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 11 Call and Performance SYSTEMS Records Call Records foundation for accounting and billing applications lteter cerre el Performance Records trending capacity planning Distributed data S bee np collection provides scalability intervals files are foundation for l ForeView configurabe ForeView 10 3 97 1 12 These two unique features address scalability and proactive management Call Records collects information on a call basis VC and VP level whereas Performance Records collects port activity information Call Record information can be used to generate accounting and billing reports whereas Performance Record information can be used to perform trend analysis capacity planning and performance modeling Instead of using a polling based architecture for collecting this information Call and Performance Record information is collected locally on the
17. first then after time passes about an hour with defaults start map or other client functions Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 7 meliq SYSTEMS Understanding ForeView OpenView Management Processes Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 8 OpenView Processes e The primary processes that are used by OpenView are based on three steps e Discovery ovtopmd works to find the unknown e Polling netmon keeps up to date on known devices e Mapping ipmap graphically interprets the information 10 25 97 4 9 HP OpenView is one the more popular ways of managing an IP network It uses SNMP to gather information about devices with IP addresses without discriminating about whether they are connected by Ethernet Token Ring FDDI or ATM OV runs as a Collection of persistent processes that are started when the host workstation boots up These processes include System Process Management Daemon ovspmd an SNMP data collector snmpCollect a trap management daemon ovtrapd an action reaction daemon ovactiond the database of devices ovwdb a topology manager ovtopmd and a polling daemon netmon All of these processes run in the background when OpenView is started When requested by the application a mapping daemon ipmap will take information from the database to make the topology map and adjusts the map based on traps and polling The operation of netmon and ipmap is independent of any Fore
18. in minutes this resource specifies the interval that the devices in a list should be discovered Discovery of a device means that the fvdsd retrieves all the information about the device that it can Example Fvds IPList1 paris1 romebx 10 4 4 2 paris 3810 Fvds polllPInterval1 10 Fvds disclPlInterval1 15 Fvds IPList2 london1 1000 5 Fvds polllPInterval2 6 Fvds disclPlInterval2 11 Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 9 melita Discovery Problem e To which of many interfaces does the NMS have connectivity asxO 10 2 2 1 asx0 10 2 2 3 el20 12 3 4 5 ie0 5 5 5 30 el20 12 3 4 8 NMS 9 9 9 1 10 14 97 5 10 Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 10 FORE ma Preference items R A selection algorithm can be controlled by defining these resources e PreferSig Type e PreferSig VPI e PreferRemotelPAddrs 10 14 97 5 11 Because a devce in the network is discovered with signaling information and its reported IP address multiple sets of this information can cause confusion These resources help influence an algorithm used to determine which among several sets of information will be used by ForeView PreferSig Type this resource takes one of SPANS UNI30 or UNI31 as a recognized value This resource specifies how host information should be shown when there are multiple signalling paths from a switch to the host No default PreferSigVPI this resource takes an integer as a value This
19. is removed from the map Default is 86400 7 days Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 13 TOJN Linking With OpenView SNMP config e copy OV s SNMP configuration file to FvsnmpConfFile resource e create a custom fvsnmp conf e If discovery daemon is not on this host remove it from OV startup e oOvstop v e ovdelobj etc opt OV share lrf fvds lrf 10 14 97 5 14 lf ForeView is added to an existing NMS it is simple to align ForeView s SNMP configuration to the existing OpenView configuration ForeView reads the OpenView format so it is only a question of getting the information in place For example assume the source of the information is usr OV cont ovsnmp conf You can modify the FvsnmpConfFile resource in the FOREVIEW_HOME conf foreview file to read FvsnmpConfFile usr OV conf ovsnmp cont Users of OpenView 4 0 on Solaris or HP UX 10 x should use FvsnmpConfFile etc opt You can make a custom configuration file or copy the ovsnmp conf file to SFOREVIEW_HOME conf fvsnmp conf This is especially helpful when the community strings are not public and private and where multiple communities will be managed by same NMS lf the ForeView station is using the discovery server from another device you can keep the fvdsd process from starting by removing it from the OpenView startup list The syntax is listed above Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 14 ROJN SYSTEMS
20. just the host adapters to their information Select all the display fields and examine the inventory table 4 Open the Version command from the menu bar and examine the version history Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 19 ROJN SYSTEMS Appendix 1 Switch Network Troubleshooting Using ForeView Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 1 Problem Isolation e Iin a multi switch environment first determine if the problem affects one switch a connected pair of switches all switches related to one or more connections or all switches e Depending on the outcome of the above step troubleshoot the switch the NNI link the connection VPI VCl or the application LANE services or Classical IP ARP server 8 1 97 A 2 In any multi product in this case ATM switch network the first troubleshooting step is to ascertain the extent of the problem Does the problem seem to be affecting only one switch a pair of connected switches all switches involved in the support of one end to end connection or all switches This first step will dictate the approach used to troubleshoot and if that approach is followed to the end will either solve the problem or lead to the discovery of a more extensive problem In either case these are positive corrective actions A few guidelines to remeber IP connectivity ping or SNMP response does not prove very much with regard to ATM It s a connectioless proof of conne
21. note that the Discovery Server will not volunteer or relinquish the data without an appropriate request from one of these applications Fvdsd is a true server and does not send things out unsolicited Therefore when a client asks for status on a particular object such as port 163 on a switch named Voyager it will respond This is why the interval value for fvovmon is important it asks fvdsd if any switch status has changed according to the interval A switch may have actually changed status 10 minutes ago but until fvovmon asks for the information it will not make the appropriate changes So when configuring fvovmon and fvdsd their pollings should be configured with this in mind Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 5 FORE SYSTEMS Activity of fvdsd e Many different OIDs are collected from the switch e This data is given to the mapping utility for interpretation e Standalone uses fvmap e Integrated OV uses fvovmon and fvovmap ForeView Status general switch info switchAtmAddress switchT ype envMgmtBoardSerialNumber switchThisAgentBoardNumber controlPort sysObjectld Netmod info hwPortNumber hwPortGloballndex moduleNumber moduleBoard moduleNumberOfPorts 10 25 97 4 6 Multiple interfaces on a switch variables in iffable variables in ipAddrTable Port link discovery and status info hwPortOperStatus portOperStatus portRemotelpAddress portRemoteAtmAddress portNumber
22. portManagementStatus Sigpath SPANS and UNI discovery and status info sigPathPort sigPathVPI sigPathVCl sigPathOperStatus sigPathRemotelpAddress portOperStatus portRemotelpAddress portRemoteAtmAddress portNumber sigPathRemoteAtmAddress q2931AdminPort q2931AdminVPI q2931AdminVCl q2931OperStatus q2931AdminRemotelpAddress q2931AdminOPerType q2931UNIOperVersion q2931PeerPort Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 6 Discovered Objects e Links and switches are separate objects and polling can be controlled separately for each object All this info is kept in the fvdsd cache database until needed The user doesn t see the contents of fvdsd The objects displayed are a represention of what the application fvovmap fvmap fvovmon etc last received from fvdsd 10 25 97 4 7 Discovery server is initially slow to discover the networks but eventually caches all switches found in memory for later use If it found 70 switches it would put each one in the cache as individual objects for use later by the topology If you start up fvmap right away it will act as a client to fvdsd asking what it knows It may have only discovered one switch so only one switch will be displayed As fvdsd learns more and more fvmap continues to ask about the network Only after full discovery can fvmap get all the information tt needs to map the whole network To prevent the partial map problem fvdsd should be started
23. resource specifies how host information should be shown when there are multiple signalling paths from a switch to the host No default PreferRemotelPAddrs this resource takes a comma separated list of IP addresses or IP ranges A range is specified using either to mean all value subcomponents 1 255 or x y to mean all integers between x and y inclusive For example PreferRemotelPAddrs 169 143 243 7 250 10 11 14 122 234 33 11 Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 11 Fumap Configuration How Accurate Is Fumap e Fyvmap pollinterval e Fvmap pollFrequency ClusterName ae l EL 10 14 97 5 12 Fvmap polllnterval this resource specifies the polling interval for the standalone map in seconds The standalone map polls the discovery server in every Fvmap polllnterval seconds to update the statuses of switches and links displayed on the map Used by fvmap Defaults to 600 10 minutes Fvmap pollFrequency this resource specifies the frequency with which fvmap asks discovery server for newly discovered switches in addition to status This resource defaults to 5 therefore fvmap will query for new switches on every 6th polling cycle An example at default settings 12 00 Initial discovery complete 12 10 1st poll 12 40 4th poll 12 20 2nd poll 12 50 5th poll 12 30 3rd poll 1 00 6th poll discover new objects ClusterName lt enc_id gt defines a mapping between a cluster s ASX 1000 e
24. signaling 14 Statistics connection 15 Working with TAC i 16 ForeView TAClink o 17 fvtaciInk form 18 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 me iq SYSTEMS Systems ForeView Training Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 1 Introductions e Name e Hometown e Current Occupation Background e Class Expectations Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView 10 16 97 P 2 P 2 Logistics e 9 00 AM to 4 00 PM each day e 15 minute break in AM e 1 hour for lunch e 15 minute break in PM e Rest rooms in lobby of this building e Phones e Located in Customer Lounge e Front desk phone number 412 742 7444 Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView 10 16 97 P 3 P 3 What was the goal of ATM e Satisfy voice video and data networking needs e Support larger information requirements with potentially unlimited bandwidth e Provide a solution which was scaleable without a forklift swapout philosophy e Provide Quality of Service guarantees on a per connection basis ForeView 10 16 97 P 4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM as defined by CCITT at the time now ITU and later the ATM Forum was targeted from the beginning as the switching technology for a future network that included support for three major forms of traffic voice data and video ATM s bandwidth handling capability was and still is open ended SONET pipes were proposed to connect ATM switche
25. way When the workstation utilizes an NMS Network Management System such as HP OpenView IBM NetView or Sun Net Manager ForeView will take advantage of the NMS Event Logs and Error Trapping Graphing modules Topology Managers Threshold Programming and User Defined Functions These are the integrated versions of ForeView If you are already familiar with one of these NMS platforms ForeView blends naturally The Standalone version of ForeView provides its own mapping graphing and logging utilities The look and feel of this version is unique and provides all the necessary functions Which is better That s completely up to the user and sometimes the task at hand Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 3 ForeView On line Help ee oy ForeViews context sensitive On line Help is now in HTML format Any browser ee _ supporting frames a ayparan jaleran aar e Lae arin al LF ote can be used i AN r n Fbi l i a Pa bey 10 3 97 1 4 The Help files in ForeView are context sensitive and are in HTML format they include not only text but many images and screen shots that can be viewed directly through a browser program that supports frames Most of the user manual is located in this searchable on line resource Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 4 Tool Gallery e Mapping amp Discovery e Element Management Virtual Circuit Management e Inventory e Upgrading e Cal
26. with expectations When a map is opened ipmap starts it s synchronizing phase if ipmap is enabled for that map While ipmap is synchronizing OpenView displays Synchronizing on the status bar of all displayed submaps During this phase ipmap searches the OpenView Database ovwdb and looks for changes since the map was last opened If new objects are discovered iomap brings the map up to date by drawing new symbols Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 10 HP OpenView Flowchart Discovery traps ES Polling 10 25 97 4 11 f 1 _ ovtopmd discovers the network topology 2 ovtopmd builds a database ovwdb that is stored on the host 3 netmon then checks the network devices against the database to find any inconsistencies l 4 netmon continues to poll and adjust the database for all changes 5 ipmap renders the information graphically receiving input from ovwdb and real time traps from ovtopmd and netmon Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 11 FORE n ForeView O0V Processes e ForeView collects information separately from OpenView and adds three processes to achieve an ATM map e ForeView polling fvovmon e ForeView trapping fvovtrapd e ForeView mapping fyvovmap 10 25 97 4 12 ForeView is responsible for maintaining and displaying information about the FORE Systems portion of the network ForeView uses many of the OpenView APIs so the look of the information is familiar to an Open
27. 3810 These ports are wired to ports on the named devices There is an Ethernet crossover built into the panel at the lower left to allow easy interconnection between racks using straight through UTP cable runs To facilitate connecting the racks together a duplex strand of multimode fiberoptic cable is run from each of the ASX 200BX switches to the ASX 1000 switch in the London rack Also multiple straight through UTP cables may be run between racks on the same side of the room to facilitate certain lab exercises The intent is to allow simultaneous use of the Ethernet and ATM ports on the hosts and any to any ATM virtual connections The hosts can be connected by use of the patch cords The local ASX 200BX can participate in a larger ATM network or isolate itself by using the provided fiber Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 15 me iq SYSTEMS Overview of ForeView ATM Network Management System Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 1 ForeView Overview e ForeView Network Management software provides a complete solution for managing ForeRunner ATM networks through a variety of network management environments 10 3 97 1 2 There are many industry standard network management systems that allow network managers to manage and monitor legacy LANs WANs and MANS These products are mostly protocol centric using protocols such as IP IPX and AppleTalk They support a a number of different topologies such as Eth
28. 5 97 2 12 Because it is a public MIB not specific to any manufacturer the managed objects are those common to any type of product Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 12 me idm MIB to MIB Communication e Managed agent contains the MIBs required for the intended level of manageability e Managers contain a collection of all the MIBs needed to manage all the devices e Manager and agent MIBs must be the same for proper operation 9 15 97 2 13 The degree of manageability is determined by how much information the agent stores in its MIB You can have a multiprotocol router that doesn t implement the ip MIB for example It will route IP traffic but it cant have that function controlled or monitored by a remote manager The makers of the device can make all some or none of the device SNMP manageable The manager is responsible for having all the MIBs for all the products in its management domain That may mean MIBs from a number of different manufacturers Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 13 TOJN Community Strings e SNMP provides limited security e Read only password e Read Write password e Not encrypted e Defaults to public private 9 15 97 2 14 Since the SNMP relationship is connectionless it needs some form of authorization so the agent can be sure the sender is a manager who is supposed to manage him and deserves a response This authorization is included every SNM
29. 5 97 4 14 After fvds discovers a ForeRunner ATM switch it polls it regularly with fvovmon to check for status topology and configuration changes It creates a polling list and then polls regularly to get info from the standard switch MIB on cells transmitted link status etc fvovmon uses SNMP to accomplish this information polling and may bring back an ATM switch s ATM address and other parameters from FORE specific switch MIBs as well After the switch network module and port and signaling info is retrieved it is parsed and the object database is updated If an interswitch connection is discovered the remotely connected switch is added to the polling list After all switches in the polling list are polled an updated list of polled switches is written to a file This file serves as the seed file for the next polling cycle When a new polling cycle starts the seed file is read At that time the OpenView database is searched for new switches may have been discovered by netmon ipmap The switches in the polling list are polled and both the database and polling list are updated accordingly A switch is declared dead if fvovmon fails to get a response for n polling cycles in a row The current default value for n is 4 Every 15 minutes fvovmon checks the database of all managed objects If an object has not been updated for 24 hours the object becomes unmanaged and fvovmap is notified Copyright FORE Systems 10 25
30. P message not just the initial ones The term community string refers to the characters used to identify a group of devices in a management domain While not as secure as a user or session type password the community string idea divides the conversations by function A read only string is configured for queries a read write string is used for control functions The string is not at all secure Anyone with a sniffer on a LAN segment could trap SNMP frames and discover the community strings in use There are defaults for these public for read only and private for read write But in this day of internet connectivity no one should leave the strings alone on a manageable device This is in part the price for simplicity for something as complex as network management Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 14 TOJN Z Use Of Communities Allows more than one NMS to have control easy management access e Allows segregation of management duties scalability
31. R gt Authentication SNMP header lt gt UDP lt gt IP lt gt Network dependent SDU lt gt Network dependent interface type 9 15 97 2 5 SNMP maps to the ISO 7 layer model for networking as follows Application could be any program capable of creating SNMP PDUs General Specific OpenView Sun NetManager ForeView MIB walker Presentation proper structuring of the information using a subset of ASN 1 Session version and community string insertion authentication Transport typical UDP transfer uses port 161 except trap messages port 162 Network Typical IP datagram Datalink any datalink supporting IP Physical any interface supporting IP Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 5 Application Level Management e Requires connectivity at various levels e Physical e Protocol e Good News Can be standardized across platforms and network types e Bad News Networks may not always be up 9 15 97 2 6 As SNMP is an application level form of management connectivity is assumed We know that such an assumption can be dangerous So why use application level management Many reasons could be stated but foremost is the ability to manage devices connected by nearly any kind of network infrastructure The management Station is likely to be directly connected to only one or perhaps two network types For example a management station connected via FDDI and Ethernet would not be uncommon T
32. RE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 18
33. Technical Education foreview For Network Managers Table of Contents ForeView 2 7 Module 2 Overview of ForeView ATM Network Management System 7 Module 2 Page Overview of SNMP 2 Application Level Management U U Continued on next page Table of Contents Module 2 Page Overview of SNMP 7 J 2 3 gt O Trap PDU Module 3 Page Installation of ForeView Pre installation Software Installation Preparation r r 1 r 1 r 1 r 2 7 Pre installation Steps CD ftp itch es r r 12 Finish the Installation a File System Results WinNT Installation NT Installation Screen 01 gt NT Files are copied Enter the license info Enter Discovery Switch Information Finish the Installation 1 To Use remove sh 9 6 T 8 9 0 1 16 17 18 9 Continued on next page Table of Contents ForeView and Net Mgmt Systems The Discovery and Status Daemon Discovery Steps The Discovery Server Activity of fvdsd Discovered Objects ForeView OpenView Management Processes OpenView Processes Background Process HP OpenView Flowchart ForeView OV Processes ForeView with OpenView Status Polling OpenView Start up and Shut down Handling Traps Mapping Mapping Basics OpenView Status Colors OpenView Map Levels Root Map IP Internet ForeView Status Colors ForeView OpenView Maps ATM Networks ATM Switch Connections HP OV and NetView Only Meta Conne
34. View processes Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 9 Background Process ovitopmd discovers e by walking local arp cache walking default router interface tables e Chains to other routers walks SNMP host arp caches netmon polls e by pinging IP only hosts SNMP getting from SNMP hosts e every 15 minutes Deletes down nodes after 1 week These are default values Use Options Topology Status Polling IP to change e fpmap e synchronizes the IP Internet map to reflect database information 10 25 97 4 10 OpenView discovery begins at home by walking the local ARP cache for addresses These addresses and the address of the default gateway are contacted by ping then SNMP query Once a gateway is reached the neighboring routers are contacted and their ARP caches examined The results are reported to the database The netmon process takes the list of devices contacted in the last poll and adds any devices recently added by the discovery process This new list is then contacted using pings at minimum and SNMP queries The results are reported to the database The interval between polls can be an import parameter to customize For example if a poll takes 11 minutes to complete and is executed at the default interval of 15 minutes an unusually high amount of overhead traffic will be generated Adjusting to a longer interval or dividing the network into multiple communities could bring the overhead in line
35. View user In addition to displaying and tracking the status of FORE devices a separate map must be kept for the ATM topology The ipmap OpenView displays is subnet centric communicating reachability ForeView s map is switch centric and communicates connectivity This is a reflection of the difference in nature between a connectionless traditional IP network and connection oriented ATM network The processes needed are fvovmon for polling fvovtrapd to process traps and fvovmap to integrate ATM information into the OpenView database All three are clients of discovery server instances in the network In release 4 2 and earlier the fvovmon process polls devices for status using Information from both the fvdsd cache and the OpenView database items identified as FORE devices Therefore the IP identity of a switch discovered by ovtopmd could seed fvdsd with a starting point for discovery For releases later than 4 2 scalabilty and performance are improved as no interaction between discovery processes takes place Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 12 ForeView with OpenView Discovery amp Polling Mapping traps 10 25 97 4 13 ForeView installation adds some persistent processes that accompany the OpenView processes the ForeView discovery server fvds a ForeView trapping daemon fvovtrapd and the ForeView polling daemon fvovmon The fvovirapd daemon receives traps from OpenView s traod process and then re
36. ae port 1A4 collected every Log file Fame arrea re log Peleg Fon F rr tt y Pabia ta fwd tor 1 800 seconds E Celle Fe 7 Rejected Caliect peers acu Lenni Cancel eel ps 10 3 97 1 14 Similar to the graphing tool the logging tool writes the collected information to a file Users can choose the collection Interval Transmit and receive utilization is recorded in raw cell counts These counts can be per channel per path or per port Output file is comma delimited ASCII format The log can be launched from pull down menus command line or port status dialog boxes The delimited information can be exported to other software programs for additional processing analysis and report generation Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 14 Sa foreView Architecture Bridging configuration Graphing Routing configuration Logging Filtering Channel Tracing Discovery Topology Call Records Inventory Manager Event Fault management Software Manager MIB collection Path Channel management and more QoS provisioning NMS SNM 3 HP OV NetView AIX Standalone O S Solaris HP UX IBM AIX Win NT Irix SNMP Managed Asxs CellPaths ES38xx PowerHubs Devices ForeView 10 3 97 1 15 ForeView can be viewed as a simple layered architecture as shown in the upper half of the diagram ForeView communicates with FORE s products using SNMP ForeView software can reside on either Unix or a WinNT operating system and dependi
37. akes a boolean value When set to TRUE no UNI devices or links are discovered by fvdsd Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default FALSE Fvds discNoUNIDevices this resource takes a boolean value When set to TRUE no UNI devices are discovered by fvdsd l e the link information to the UNI devices is discovered and monitored but information about the endpoint is not discovered or monitored Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default FALSE Fvds disclnListOnly this resource takes a boolean value When set to TRUE no NNI devices besides those explicitly listed in the discSwitches argument resource are discovered or polled Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default FALSE Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 Fuds Polling Options How Fresh Is Fuds Data Polling intervals by object type e Fvds polINNiDevices Fvds pollNNILinks a e Fvds pollUNIDevices e Fvds pollUNILinks e Fvds removelinterval when to pull an object from the polling list 10 14 97 5 8 Fvds pollNNiDevices interpreted in seconds this resource specifies the interval for polling all Known switches for their statuses Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default 30 Note After release 4 2 this resouce will be in minutes default 1 Fvds pollINNiLinks interpreted in minutes this resource specifies the interval for polling all known NNI links for their statuses Application that retr
38. al support some information about the network that is being managed with ForeView Finally there is OpenView specific information which is retrieved including a database dump local registration files etc A section for user comments exists so that the user can insert more information about what caused the fatal error to occur If a stacktrace file is not specified the error log file in usr fore foreview tmp directory is sent as long as the environment variable FOREVIEW_HOME is set Selectable filter options ForeView Specific Network Topology OpenView Specific provide additional information to aid in troubleshooting your problems In addition use the Comments box to provide additional configuration information SNMP configuration software version etc Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 17 Sa fvtacink form e The fvtacink form lets you enter information about the stack trace comments and environment before it is sent via e mail to FORE TAC 8 1 97 A 18 lf a stacktrace file is not specified the error log file in usr fore foreview tmp directory is sent as long as the environment variable FOREVIEW_HOME is set selectable filter options ForeView Specific Network Topology OpenView Specific provide additional information to aid in troubleshooting your problems In addition use the Comments box to provide additional configuration information SNMP configuration software version etc Copyright FO
39. an also do point to multipoint and multipoint to point channel traces as well Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 12 Tracing Tool a e P wa a FA a aA 7 eves ra Si i er ae aii ace ical Babai mrmi Birin Son n aaa yt ea LE wri 13 4 4 Ji Ee a ar i i ii Li ii i a a LEL i The results of a browse will display the candidate channels and or paths to be traced Simply highlight one in the list and press the Trace button Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 13 Trace and Graph e The trace function can also be run from the command line by entering fvtracer e This brings up graphing options Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 11 6 97 6 14 6 14 Practice Lab Trace Channels Paths e Objective This lab allows the user to select a channel and trace it from end to end in the network The trace can be examined in tabular form before graphing the traffic through the network Prepare by pinging a device at least 2 switches away 11 6 97 6 15 Procedures 1 Open the Trace Channel Tool You can launch it from the Map icons the ForeView menu bar or from the Front Panel display under the VCCs option 2 Select an appropriate channel from the upper list box preferably one that you know is carrying traffic ping s Select the Trace Channel path button to get the tabular form of the trace Examine the nu
40. and it is looking for a new one on its Ethernet interface Can you access the switch using any management technique If you can click on the FORE logo on the Front Panel display in ForeView to see if you can find out which revision of hardware firmware and software is running Look at the color of the port status bars under ForeView to determine if the appropriate signaling type is active and address registration has taken place for the device attached to the port Use VPC VCC Control under ForeView to determine whether any PVCs are present and potentially causing problems for your connection creation process Lastly if you are running LANE or Classical IP this switch may not be configured correctly for the application Perhaps its NSAP address was incorrectly entered into an lecs cfg file or it is not part of the Classical IP subnet etc Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 3 Single Switch Concerns Localized behavior problems probably are in one of theses areas e Hardware netmods SCP e Software SCP IP interfaces e Signaling e CPU utilization e Misconfiguration 8 1 97 A 4 Hardware SCP health is checked by the display LED and proper seating Netmods should have LED displays characteristic of connected or unused ports and be correctly seated Attaching a device to the serial port allow errors to display software Attempt remote connectivity telnet or FV use serial port if necessary If you can t get in
41. annel tool application can be accessed in three different ways It contains buttons that invoke other channel related tools No particular access method is better than another it is designed to be easy to reach The Channel tool application is a client of an individual switch That means IP connectivity is required for the tool to work Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 3 MaA ici 2 vic ENO PVE Sgrath NINE Se Vic Path OPath A lt SB A gt B A lt B RONE wa Channel Tool E 1 Thera imr BCED Ey TP Ansa Bah 3 ori 7 ae Ca Pahaa oriai immi H hes UPE Dori 11 6 97 6 4 1 The Channel Tool has several sub tool options The presentation of the screen changes with each one As a review SmartPVCs are a hybrid of a PVC and an SVC using SPANS addressing PVC Permanent Virtual Channel is a static manually applied channel PVP Permanent Virtual Path is a static manually applied path moving all its traffic to the same destination port based on the incoming VPI SigPath the logical signaling path instance up to one on each VPC PNNISPVC a SmartPVC PVC SVC hybrid using ATM Forum addressing Path for incoming path terminators allows dynamic switching Opath for outgoing path terminators destination points for dynamic switching decisions 2 Switch port path and channel information 3 Channel direction 4 Browse Clear and Options Options provides customization choices affec
42. are using an alternate path between switches is that path configured correctly and is signaling required for that path on the link for the application you are running and if so is it enabled Try to rule out IP related issues Lastly ensure that the interconnecting ports on either end of the link are configured correctly Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 5 FORE All Switches Related to a YSTEM Connection Problem If the problem only seems to be related to a single end to end connection but over every switch that connection traverses look for e A good connection traversing the same switches to be used for comparison e Problems related to host IP addressing or VPI VCI addressing switch or host e Problems related to UPC AV parameters e System wide application related problems 8 1 97 A 6 To troubleshoot a connection related problem where a connection cannot be made or is broken between two end points in a multi switch environment first try to find a good connection to compare against In some cases it is easiest to start at one end of a connection and verify link by link in a uni directional fashion This can be done using the channel trace tool under ForeView shown on the next slide Another place to look is addressing If this is a PVC connection VPI VCI addressing may have been typed incorrectly for one of the links in the connection or incorrect IP addressing applied to one end of the connecti
43. ble in Foreview 4 1 However these resource definitions are no longer required These E resources may still be used to limit the display of information in Stand alone map z creet ForeView 10 8 97 3 18 Note DiscSwitches can be entered as host names IP addresses or a mixture Lists entries must be comma separated The valid switch count for DiscSwitches is one to all of the managed switches Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 18 Finish the installation FOREVIEW Setup Complete FOREVIE Setup is now Complete fou can launch lan map or both now By selecting the options Below ves want to start PYLAN Click Finish to complete Setup and return to Windows Bae ForeView 10 8 97 3 19 When the installation finishes ForeView will create a program group for ForeView that includes icons for five different programs fvds the discovery server program fvlan the VLAN manager program fvmap the ForeView topology map fvpanel the ForeView Front Panel device manager display fvpsview a tool to manage the ForeView background processes Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 19 meliq SYSTEMS Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 1 ForeView and Net Momt SYSTEMS Systems e In this module we will look at e ForeView Discovery e Discovery and Polling with HP OpenView e Primary background processes e Examine the ATM Map levels 10 25 97 4 2 In this module
44. bulate all connected ATM components The run time is directly relate to network size Version 11 6 97 ForeView mmm Ol m bE T a m fae been ETETE 11 6 97 6 17 By default the inventory application will list the type of device found the name IP address Software version Software version text and Board Serial Number By selecting Options from the menu bar the table can apply sorting orders and filters Here s a close up of the Inventory Tool Fore View Inventory mele Help aes IF software Software Board Serial Address Yersior Wersion Text Humb er labswi t837 158 29 71 15 4 0 0 S_ForeThought_4 0 0 11 557 1923 labswz t837 LEa 25 L a L 4 0 0 S_ForeThought_4 0 0 11 557 2985 196 29 24 155 198 29 24 155 M A M A 111349 labhost Ise a 25L vas HA M 11139 labhog 198 29 21 159 HA M A 4151 198 29 221 156 196 29 21 156 HA M M 198 29 74 156 195 29 274 156 HA MA MA 198 29 24 159 198 29 274 159 H A M MA Unknown M A HA M A HWA labhoi 196 29 21 152 H A M HA labhoS 198 29 21 146 HA M M Copyright FORE Systems ForeView 6 17 m Inventory Filters and Version SYSTEMS History e The inventory table can be filtered and displayed by Switches network modules LAN Access devices Hosts and Other non FORE equipment Filters simply alter the way that the information is displayed and do not affect the information gathering e Selecting Version from the menu bar gives a software v
45. configuration e Troubleshoot just that area completely before expanding scope e Do not hesitate to change connection types SVC to PVC if possible e Establish a known traffic source sink 8 1 97 A 9 For network troubleshooting in general it is imperative to first limit your scope of problem solving Establish a confined test area and then test that area fully before moving to other or larger areas Record you original test setup and steps that were taken plus results Remember that ATM is connection oriented and that information will not pass without a connection being established first Also remember that PVC connections although cumbersome are also able to be used to test devices interfaces links addressing etc One of the most important steps is to establish what you are going to use as your traffic source to prove that a connection was made i e directed ping broadcast ping meaty ping resident program ELAN join request etc and what you are going to use to monitor success i e ping response elconfig show configured atm statistics gathering etc Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 9 Statistics Gathering e ATM statistics can be gathered for switching products using ForeView e ForeView statistics include port signaling and connection plus the ability to Graph or Log the port level information e Remember to establish a known good source of information prior to statistics gatheri
46. creates usr local foreview conf license ustr local foreview conf foreview Be prepared to adjust the resource variables in the configuration file 10 8 97 3 9 ForeView checks to see if you have a license file in tmp fvlicense OR in usr local foreview conf license If it does not find a license file it asks you to enter the license information Your ForeView product arrives with a License Certificate and a temporary license good for approximately 90 days If you have no license certificate ForeView will generate a 15 day temporary license To receive a permanent license key please fill in all the information on the License Certificate and fax the card to FORE Systems Technical Support Resource variables such as the Discovery Switch are discussed in more detail later Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 9 Choosing an OpenView SYSTEMS Installation xterm Installing ForeView OV platform Installed a template ForeView resource file as usr local foreview conf foreview The ForeView discovery and status daemon needs to know the name of a switch in the ATM network to perform network discovery and monitoring This seed switch is stored in your ForeView configuration file usr local foreview conf foreview as the resource Fvds discSwitches Your usr local foreview conf foreview file does not have this resource defined We recommend that you define this resource now Would you like to enter this info
47. ction oriented system A switch s neighbors can be almost as informative as the switch in question signaling status port status Swapping ports modules is very fast and easy lf a ForeView map doesnt show the switch as up frequently you will be able to contact it The following slides review each of these possible approaches Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 2 One Switch problems e Does the switch look right e Power polarity display e Is the switch responsive Telnet Serial Port ForeView e What is its configuration e Is signaling ilmi on for appropriate ports e Are PVCs present and appropriate Are the application services configured correctly on this switch 8 1 97 A 3 For one switch problems those affecting only one switch in the network the approach is to focus only on that one switch from a logical physical to application progression First just look at the switch Are there any lights on Are there any red lights on Remember our port LED indicators are out when polarity is correct and when the switch is powered off Are the power supply lights on and green Remember only one has to be on and green for BXs and 1000s Is the display indicating the name of the switch Some people create a name longer than the display so that it must constantly scroll Is it scrolling If not what does it say If it flashes Bootp over and over it means the operating system can t be found
48. ctions Practice Lab Map Levels Lab Results Practice Lab ForeView s ATM Map Continued on next page Table of Contents Product Licensing ForeView Applications ForeView Configuration File Command Line Execution Fvds Configuration Fvds Options Discover What Fvds Polling Options How Fresh is Fvds Data Custom Polling Lists Discovery Problem 10 Preference Items 11 Fvmap Configuration How Accurate is Fvmap 12 Fvovmon Configuration How Accurate is OVWDB 13 Linking with OpenView 14 Module 6 Page ForeView Channel Tool Graphing Tool Inventory Tool ForeView Channel Tool Accessing the Channel Tool Channel Tool Entering port info The Browse Options Box The VC Browser SmartPVC Practice Lab Channel Tool Practice Lab Results Trace Paths and Channels Tracing Tool Trace and Graph Practice Lab Trace Channels Paths Inventory Tool The Inventory Tool Inventory filters and Version History Practice Lab Inventory Continued on next page Table of Contents Appendix 1 Page Switch Network Troubleshooting Using ForeView Problem Isolation r 2 One Switch problems 3 Single Switch Concerns A Connected Pair of Switches Problems 5B All Switches Related to a Connection Problem 6 The ForeView Channel Trace Tool _ aa All Switches Problem 8 Troubleshooting Configuration Q Statistics Gathering 10 Statistics port a Port Graphing 12 Port Logging 13 Statistics
49. d request a permanent license that is locked to the IP address of the workstation that will be running ForeView If the IP address changes FORE TAC must be contacted to send out a new key for the new address The configuration file is a template of configuration settings that can be altered for specific ATM network needs To make things easier for the user the configuration file acts as a template with all resource variables described and remarked To change a variable the user simply adjusts the resource variable information and unremarks specific lines using their favorite text editor Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 2 SOftware Installation SYSTEMS Preparation e New installations should be installed after installing OpenView SNM or NetView programs ForeView is available via ftp or CD ROM media Note If you are already running a previous version of ForeView in a UNIX system you need to uninstall the previous version of ForeView by running the remove sh script 10 8 97 3 3 Before any installation of ForeView products make sure that any network management systems such as HP OpenView SunNet Manager or IBM NetView AIX are installed and functional The ForeView installation program will load and configure appropriate files into the NMS file systems lt is recommended to remove previous versions of ForeView before installation of the new version FORE has provided a script called
50. e example on the lower left public MIBs share the prefix 1 3 6 1 2 1 The ellipsis indicates that object is still only a category more definition is needed to reach an actual managed object The example on the lower right is the OID prefix found for vendor specific products The OID 1 3 6 1 4 1 is followed by the vendor s registered number For FORE Systems most of the products are defined under 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 10 me idm m The MIB Section 1 3 6 1 2 system 1 mib 1 character 7 19 interfaces dece address translation 3 i 1 17 16 transmission 13 egp 8 A pares 9 15 97 2 11 In the MIB section 1 3 6 1 2 1 19 categories exist For an Ethernet switch product the system interfaces IP and bridge MIBs may be the only ones supported A similar product could also implement the TCP and UDP MIBs if needed A multiprotocol router would likely implement more MIBs such as ICMP EGP SNMP appletalk OSPF BGP and DecnetP4 MIBs The point is there are many choices available The implementor must decide in advance what will be manageable and choose or create the MIBs needed Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 11 me t Contents of mib Has system definitions Contact name uptime etc IP statistics fragments sent discards etc e TCP statistics segments sent etc interface statistics name MTU MAC address etc 9 1
51. een the IP map and the ATM map Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 29 Lab Results IP Internet Submap IP Network Submap ForeView 10 25 97 4 30 After double clicking on the Root Map icon for IP Internet you should see the IP Internet submap appear Note how OpenView assigns separate symbols for IP network addresses for example you may have a round icon with a triangle in it with a network id of 198 29 21 0 The map also shows symbols for routers and switches and uses colors to give their status Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 30 ATM Network Submap Switch Connections Submap ForeView 10 25 97 4 31 ForeView shows the ATM network as a series of linked switches and allows the user to then explode the switches to show connected hosts edge devices and NNI connected switches Each link is labeled with the connection port on the switch Interswitch links are labeled with a source and destination port When there are redundant links between switches OpenView returns a metalink a single line with no label When you double click on a metalink it will explode into its component unidirectional links For example if there are two links between switches and you double click on the metalink OpenView will explode the link into four individual links unidirectional sends and receives on one link and then the send and receive on the other link Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 31
52. ernet Token Ring and FDDI and Frame Relay The ForeView Network Management system is part of FORE Systems ForeThought product line and is used to specifically manage and monitor ATM networks Although ForeView manages the network using the IP protocol it does not manage the IP network itself and leaves those functions to programs such as Hewlett Packard OpenView IBM NetView and Sun Net Manager ForeView is written to work integrally with these IP network management systems or to function as a stand alone management system In either form only FORE Systems devices are managed under native operating systems such as SunOS Solaris HP UX IRIX AIX and Windows NT Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 2 Graphical Interface e The graphical interface provides a quick visual assessment of e the state of ForeRunner switches to port level e connection status e diagnosis tools in the event of errors e Available in integrated and standalone forms 10 3 97 1 3 ForeView is designed to operate under graphical environments including sun OpenWindows CDE and Windows NT The ForeView program is actually a number of components that allow the network manager to evaluate the ATM network topology inventory the ATM devices execute element configuration and management and graph and trace traffic through the network The base set of tools are available under a number of operating systems and all look and function the same
53. ersion history of devices and or host types ForeView 11 6 97 6 18 Here is an example of the Filtering dialog box Filters E Switches 24 aera E A5100 E ASKZ00 E AS 200bxe E ASK200w E ASK200bx E ASkioog E CEltrongA g F Name IF Address Software Version E LAN Access Devices E LAR 20 Hardware Version l Software Ver Text E Hosts E SBALOD E SBAZOO E GIALOO E GIAZO E ESAZO0 E ESAZOO_PC E TCALOO Board Version E NKALOO M Board Serial Number E YMAZO0 E HCAZO0 E HPAZOO E HEARS E PCAZO Adapter Software Version Adapter Software Version Text M Interface Number I NetMod Name 71 17 71 71 1 48 71 8 71 8 8 E Others M NetHod Type Sort rder selMark type name ip aw awt ben EZA kar Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 18 Practice Lab Inventory e Objective Use the inventory tool to bring up a list of all ATM devices in the training area Filter the table to show just the switches and their operating systems and then just the host adapters Save the Version information 11 6 97 6 19 Procedures 1 Launch the Inventory application and accept the default for the configuration history file 2 Examine the table and use the Sort Decreasing function What happens 3 Use the Options command to bring up the Filters box Select highlight only the boxes for the switches and observe how the table presentation changes Use the filter box again to select highlight
54. ew 3 13 Sg WinNT installation Insert CD ROM use Explorer to change to the Windows directory To install the ForeView Stand alone version run setup exe If you brought the file in from the ftp site be aware it is a self extracting archive Run the exe file to extract the archive Then run setup exe Remember that map labels are derived from host names Configure your NT host accordingly 10 8 97 3 14 ForeView uses NT installation tools so it should look very familiar To align host names with the rest of the network see section 2 4 2 in the user s manual If you importing the file via ftp the file you get will be something very similar to fv42_5nt exe which is a self extracting executable Simply run the file and the archived files will be unpacked Running the setup program installs the files to their appropriate places Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 14 NT installation screen FOREVIEVW 10 8 97 3 15 In the initial steps of the installation ForeView will prompt for the source of the installation files and the destination By default the source directory is the current directory that launched the setup exe program and the destination is C FOREVIEW Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 15 NT Files are copied FOREVIEVW 10 8 97 3 16 Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 16 Enter the license info LICENSE INFORMATION Enter your IF address product namels expira
55. ght FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 9 Practice Lab Results e Using the Channel Tool button will help you construct the circuit e ForeView will prompt for the creation of non zero paths when the user requests the channel that rides in it e To work with SPVC s requires the user to define the names of both switches 11 6 97 6 10 Procedures 1 Bring up the ForeView Channel Tool Enter in the following information as your instructor assigns them to you Your hostname Partner s hostname IP address IP Address Switch port Switch Port VPI non zero VPI non zero VCI VCI QoS parameters Direction of links 2 When you enter a non zero path ForeView prompts to create as many Terminating and Originating paths as necessary for the connection Examine the prompts 3 Create the PVC including the atmarp statements on the hosts NOTE For review Can a host RECEIVE on a non zero path Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 10 Lab Results cont d e Smart PVC creation requires the user to define both edge switches and their PVC information e Test the SPVC by running traffic beach through an interswitch link setting up a redundant link and disabling the active link to watch the SVC switch over 11 6 97 6 11 1 Bring up the ForeView Channel Tool Enter in the following information as your instructor assigns them to you Your hostname Partner s hostname IP address IP Address Edge Switch
56. hes in discSwitches Fvds discSwitches defines a list of Fore ATM switches to be used by the discovery and status daemon as starting points for network discovery All switches and devices connected to any of the switches in the list which can be communicated with via IP and or SNMP will be discovered and monitored by default Note that this resource defines the switches that the daemon fvdsd uses to discover the rest of the network and does NOT specify what the applications will use to show on a map Applications that retrieve this resource fvdsd No default Fvds locations defines the DNS names of the hosts on which the discovery and status fvds daemons are running Applications that need to retrieve information from the daemons use this resource to determine where the daemons are running In general if this resource is not defined or the fvds daemon on the specified host cannot be reached applications attempt to contact a daemon on the local host Applications that retrieve this resource fvinv fvmap fvupgrad fvovmon and fvovtrapd Example Fvds locations london1 7890 10 5 25 4 7891 No default Fvds disclnterval interpreted in minutes this resource specifies the interval over which all Known switches their links and connected hosts are discovered i e all information about these devices are retrieved from the switches hosts Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default 15 Fvds discNoUNIs this resource t
57. his display an OpenView status will have scrolled up RUNNING and WELL BEHAVED are the indicators you are looking for on the OpenView processes When the installation is finished ForeView will inform you of a successful procedure and log the installation In the text file usr fore foreview tmp fvinstall log If the installation is unsuccessful the log will keep track of where the procedure failed Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 12 BOJNE File System Results Under the foreview directory e Manifest lists complete file listing e Directories for e executable scripts applications e housekeeping functions MIBs logs etc e Installation script files 10 8 97 3 13 Manifest lists Specific lists of all the files created as a result of the installation For an installation with another NMS bothe the standalone and integrated files will be listed On the lab equipment see MANIFEST OV and MANIFEST SA Directories Executable scripts bin Applications fronton fvcall fychan fvdisco _ fvgraph fvinv fvmap fvmsg fvoams fvphub _ fvsuppfvtracer fvupgrad Housekeeping functions OV conf fvhelop fvtcllib install log man mibs tcl_apps_ tcl_lib tmp Installation script files foreview_install fvrmon_install The script fvrmon_install is used with ForeView RMON ST a separate software product NOTE Support for man pages ceases with version 4 2 Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeVi
58. his limited connectivity does not limit the station s ability to monitor and control devices connected via Frame Relay ATM X 25 or any other network type that is capable of supporting IP traffic Application level network management then need not influence the kind of networks deployed As networks go however there are periods when connectivity is broken and parts of the network are unreachable This can be limited by proper network planning but it is unlikely to be eliminated entirely The price of a robust network may be too high for some network operators In these cases the likelihood of downtime is greater Every network manager must balance the cost of network fault tolerance against his need to monitor and control the network elements Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 6 TOJN T IP Connectivity e Because SNMP is an application level manager it requires that there be IP connectivity to the destination to manage the destination If you can t ping the destination SNMP will not work Debugging Tip 1 lf name services or complex routing are used they must be configured correctly Debugging Tip 2 9 15 97 2 7 One of the pre requisites for performing SNMP based management is IP connectivity with the network elements This may sound simple and obvious but the statistics say that most network downtime comes from low level simple problems The irony is that these problems are exactly what networ
59. ht FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 21 IP Internet ForeView 10 25 97 4 22 This is the result of ipmap Its subnet centric view displays each subnet plus any special devices in the subnet gateways etc 1 The subnet icon the color indicates it is up 2 One special device is a ForeRunner ATM switch note its icon Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 22 ForeView Status Colors e ForeView maps all network elements in three colors e Green Element ts fully reachable and signaling is up e Yellow This element is of marginal status Perhaps signaling is down Red Element cannot be reached Carrier Is down 10 25 97 4 23 ForeView uses universally accepted colors to represent the status of an object in the map For example when a host symbol becomes red that means that the host cannot be reached pinged from the management station The status of a link is based on the combined status of the signaling paths that make up that link A black link means that it is operational A link of any other color indicates that one or more signaling paths on that link is down If the color of a switch turns red it indicates either ean unsuccessful poll of the switch for some period of time ea trap indicating a down state was verified Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 23 ROJN ForeView OpenView Maps ForeView OV ATM Networks has five map levels e Root contains the main icon for ATM Networks
60. iety of server or workstation applications The elimination of the LAN WAN seam is simply that a cell in the LAN is identical to a cell in the WAN Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 7 The ATM Integrated Edge e Comprehensive BC aT GENT range of Edge FDDI Circuit Emulatio Solutions PNAN SOKE e Best in class edge ATM Workgroup dl performance kideo 25 155 Ethernet e Solutions Designed 10 100 for ATM Integration Common ATM hardware Common ATM software ForeThought Common Management ForeView ForeView 10 16 97 P 8 FORE s Edge products include the PowerHub 6000 7000 product family the ES 3810 3850 product family the CellPath product family and our video over ATM product family Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 8 Extended Enterprise Example ATM LAN Workgroup ATM to the Desktop ForeRunner O r ASX 200WG ATM LAN Backbone ATM attached Macs PCs amp UNIX Workstations ATM Core switching ForeRunner ASX 200B ForeRunner ASX 200BX ForeRdnner ASX 200BX Corporate Bagkbone ATM Core switching ForeRunner ASX 1000 eee ATM Link Ethernet ATM Muxing Concentrating Reet Ehete Fore view 10 16 97 P 9 FORE Systems provides a complete Extended Enterprise solution including support for conventional LAN connectivity through ATM Edge switching and ATM Core switching which as shown above could include applications such as ATM to the desktop for workgr
61. ieves this resource fvdsd Default 3 Fvds pollUNIDevices interpreted in minutes this resource specifies the interval for polling all Known UNI devices for their statuses Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default 10 Fvds pollUNILinks interpreted in minutes this resource specifies the interval for polling all Known links to UNI devices for their statuses Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default 30 Fvds removelnterval interpreted in minutes this resource specifies the time that a switch must be recorded as down before its status is changed to removed Application that retrieves this resource fvdsd Default 60 Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 8 ROJN SYSTEMS Maa Custom Polling Lists If current options don t suffice separate lists can be defined e Fvds IPList devices to be contacted e Fvds polllPiInterval how often polled e Fvds disclPinterval how often new objects are discovered 10 14 97 5 9 Fvds IPList O 20 this resource takes a comma separated list of IP addresses or hostnames as its value The list number 0 20 identifies these hosts as belonging to a special group of devices that should be discovered and or polled by fvdsd at a different rate than the other devices Fvds polllPinterval 0 20 interpreted in minutes this resource specifies the interval that the devices in a list should be polled for their statues Fvds disclPInterval O 20 interpreted
62. ility of many different kinds of management applications the information is in a tree like structure defined in the Structure of Management Information or SMI A hierarchy is defined logically dividing the information to provide a path and location for variables in the database Abstract Syntax Notation 1 ASN 1 and Basic Encoding Rules BER specified in SMI are used to define the database contents ASN 1 encodes a integer b octet string c object identifier and d null variable types for use in SNMP message exchanges This is an object oriented database so each node in the tree structure has an identifier for that object This is called the Object Identifier or OID An OID then is a unique location for storing or retrieving values The Management information Base MIB is the resulting database where objects are addressed named and defined for the managed device Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 8 me idm MIB Structure e Tree Structure beginning at the root e Branches organize objects by categories e MIB represents the managed objects as leaves on the branches e Public and private MIBs are defined 9 15 97 2 9 The OIDs for all managed devices begin at the root Descending into the hierarchy categories are encountered until managed objects are reached For instance the interface status for a particular device may be a simple binary value up or down but to get to that value requires you to go through i
63. irectory under log fvlog 1 Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 13 By Ds ea w IE Ds ire 2 L Fie F hii Lie a M B ke hraji HNA raperi Sat eras Pert ativtion Pet brig Calle Ta ees ee IE ForeView 8 1 97 A 14 Signaling statistics in ForeView are obtained by selecting Signaling from the Port Control screen shown above on the left This brings up the Signaling Control screen shown above upper right By selecting the type of signaling you want information about and clicking the upper right info button you are taken to the Signaling Information screen By selecting Status amp Statistics from the button at the top you will see the Signaling Status and Statistics information Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 14 Statistics connection ee P ere ee ee ee Hia Fl E Ford tiem Perisa a han Irna Leris rele ier SE BH E i ml Dn Hl om on ibre 2 Fore F re 2 Port IC m S boa Erin EREN 1 ie HE Saeed ales mrna Tarik Le SL Park Pme bd Cm ilg j mar E fii Hojer H 4m E 1E E Earra m i ie l de PFF Ahasi Pha l Faas G ruse Mar Macia Fihi sida home oe i bam miia ki Seal bh Fort VFI x p Beem N Ge LEI A i ya oa Hoima IH PE 9 F IH ao Aiha Fh Pima imu Fhe iainta Clan Hale ForeView 8 1 97 A 15 Connection statistics within ForeView are displayed in two areas lf you select a particular type of c
64. k management is implemented to help resolve Yes a network symbol can go red on a net management map but that only informs the network operator the device cannot be contacted It doesnt say why it cannot be contacted With this simple concept in mind please be aware FORE System s TAC reports the most frequent source of problems with ForeView is IP connectivity The IP basics address mask and gateway information are often the culprits in a trouble call Some more advanced IP issues can be at fault such as name resolution services and routing problems Keep in mind the SNMP application can only report on the network as seen from the NMS s perspective Something as simple as a typographical error in a hosts file can give the appearance some of your network is unreachable Because there are many reasons a device might be unreachable or non responsive the device should not be assumed to be down or malfunctioning when the NMS loses contact with it Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 ROJN a ge Management Information C A hierarchical database of network management information Logical organization is called SMI e Information on the individual objects is contained in the Management Information Base MIB 9 15 97 2 8 A portion of the SNMP specification indicates how to represent network information and what it means to the administrator This information is kept in a database format To allow interoperab
65. l incorporate carrier and physical link status such as alarms SPANS If green SPANS communication between the devices is running error free UNI if green UNI messages are being exchanged Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 27 FORE maa Meta Connections SSSA ForeView i i 10 25 97 4 28 A logical link between two switches may be made of more than one physical link Meta connections indicate port numbers at each end Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 28 lt a Practice Lab Map levels e Objective In this lab you will be given some time to explode the maps in the IP Internetwork icon and also the ATM Networks icon to find the symbols within ForeView 10 25 97 4 29 Procedures 1 From the OpenView Root Map double click the IP Networks icon 2 From the OpenView Root Map double click the ATM Networks icon 3 Examine the way the IP map lays out each network with a label and how it shows ATM devices switches hosts etc 4 Examine the way the ATM maps lay out the network and shows the relationship of switches and hosts 5 Double click on links on either map to see what happens Notice the labeling conventions that are used to identify the links and ports Can you explode a link from a switch to a host UNI How about switch to switch NNI 6 Try to answer the following questions What interfaces does your host have How many interfaces on a switch What are the differences betw
66. l Records Graphing amp Logging 10 3 97 1 5 ForeView s list of tools is always growing Of all that s available the list above are the most popular among users That is these are what would be considered core functions of the products More can be done with ForeView this is simply the short list that identifies the most commonly used features Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 5 Topology Mapping I manra yin Fils Git int EH dir ee eee l e E A M q w n 10 3 97 1 6 ForeView has applications for discovering and mapping ATM networks Unlike most networks today ATM is connection oriented The mapping developed for connectionless networks is protocol address based ForeView provides topology information representative of the physical network Discovery of the topology is done via ATM signalling UNI 3 0 8 1 and or SPANS Any UNI 3 0 3 1 or SPANS compliant device can be discovered and the data is segregated into specific map views There is a standalone mapping utility on the left and an integrated mapping utility on the right for use with network management systems such as HP OpenView shown above In integrated platforms ForeView complements rather than replaces the existing NMS Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 6 Discovery Server e Distributed client server architecture provides scalability required for managing large switched internetworks a E N
67. lays the information to a non persistent mapping application called ftvovmap The fvovmon daemon is responsible for inserting any changes on FORE items into the OpenView database ovwdb usually after some trap has been received and forwarded The database starts by getting its initial device information from all the IP items and brings back their IP addresses device specifics etc through SNMP It then evaluates the ATM devices and extracts them to the Discovery Server database of cached objects The Discovery server database can be filled in manually if the user wishes to ump start the discovery process Host names can be added to the ForeView configuration file for example cat fore com python fore com The fvovmon process then queries the database regularly updates it and passes information along to fvovmap The fvovmap daemon runs only when the ATM map is active and is not a persistent process like the other two Its function is to control the ATM map and to make changes when notified through polling or trap mechanisms Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 13 Status Polling After fvovmon discovers a ForeRunner ATM switch it polls it regularly to check for status topology and configuration changes At the end of the polling cycle a new polling list is developed for the next polling cycle e Under OpenView a switch is declared dead if fvovmon fails to get a response for four cycles in a row 10 2
68. lter the circuits to be shown A unique feature in ForeView allows the user to trace the route of a specific circuit through a number of switch hops A browsing function permits the inspection of particular path and channel types on a switch to speed monitoring and control without working through long lists Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 9 Inventory application The inventory tool allows managers to gather and track equipment information from switches edge devices and adapters Provides managers with a facility to develop upgrade strategies and filter sort and report on device configurations and addresses 10 3 97 1 10 The inventory tool provides managers with strategic information about all the FORE switches end devices and host adapters within ATM network For example a manager could query the network to provide a report of all ASX 200BX switches that had the ForeThought 4 0 operating system This would allow an efficient strategy to be developed for the upgrade to Fore Thought 4 1 or newer switches The tool gives network managers a tabular view of all the FORE ATM equipment in your network including information such as model number serial number software version number IP address and logical name and version history of ForelThought software running on your ATM switches Version history can be stored as a file for offline use Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 10 su Software Manager
69. mber of hops that it takes from the starting host to the destination Also look at the switches and ports the channel uses to traverse the network 3 After examining the tabular form click on the Trace and Graph button to bring up the cell traffic graph of the circuit Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 15 Inventory Too e The inventory utility keeps a database of all the ATM equipment found in the network including switches hosts network modules and LAN access devices The inventory can be sorted through user definable filters and runs on all ForeView platforms 11 6 97 6 16 The Inventory tool can be launched from the ForeView Stand alone Map OpenView menu bar for ForeView or from the command line as fvinv Version history of ForeThought software on ATM switches is an option This information is stored in a version history file and can be initially defined in the foreview configuration file and has a default name of usr fore foreview conf version conft lf you fail to define a version history file in the configuration file you will be prompted for a file name every time you run the inventory utility similar to the box shown below Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 16 File Options Type AS11000 ASH LOO SBAZOO SBAZOO SBAZOO unknown unknown UNE Ow UNE Ow unknown unknown The Inventory Tool e Once you choose the inventory application it contacts the Discovery server to collect and ta
70. mple point and click operations Users can configure the full complement of OC12 OC3 DS3 DS1 E38 E1 and J2 parameters Configure NSAP addresses Distributed Timing and Netmod Buffer allocations Turn Signaling On Off SPANS UNI3 0 3 1 per port A Tachometer can be displayed below each port to provide a visual assessment of traffic on a per port basis input output utilization queue loading or input output reservation Device Manager supports ASX 1000s The main view summarizes all fabrics in the enclosure major and minor alarms for ports links and alarms for environmental traps Power Supplies Overtemp Sensor 4 Fan Banks ForeView includes Device Manager support for the ES3810 ES3850 and PowerHub in addition to the ASX ATM Switch products Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 8 Virtual Circuit Management e Channel Tool consolidates all Path and Channel management e Permanent Virtual Circuits PVCs e Smart PVCs SPVCs e Policing contracts e Virtual Paths VPs e Signaling Paths SigPaths 10 3 97 1 9 ForeView allows the user to create and modify VC s through a simple and efficient channel tool This tool is a dialog box that allows a single point of entry of port information user selected Virtual Path Identifier VPI Virtual Channel Identifier VCI reserved bandwidth direction and any Usage Parameter Control UPC contract to be used The user can browse existing virtual circuits and even fi
71. n the network look to e Application level configuration e Incorrect ARP Server or LES NSAP address e Incorrect stand alone BUS NSAP address e lecs cfg configuration errors accept reject at switch type level e Software feature set support e Application not supported on this release 8 1 97 A 8 lf your problem seems to be present on all switches or all hosts on all switches it is most likely related to the application that you are attempting to run on the network For instance if the real NSAP address of the ARP server or LES is different from that which was configured originally i e replaced ATM card in host or SCP in switch acting as ARP server or LES or the stand alone BUS NSAP address was incorrectly entered Also lecs cfg problems related to ATM network parameters affecting all ELANs or accept reject rules problems at the switch type level i e accept one NSAP of a particular switch type says to reject all other NSAPs of that switch type Finally it is possible however unlikely that someone would try to run an application on products which do not support that application in the release of software running on the product i e LANE 1 0 support on a 3 x release of FT software Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 8 Troubleshooting Configuration e Establish a confined troubleshooting area switch pair of switches end to end connection etc e Insure your area is safe for possible re
72. nclosure identifier and a more human readable name In addition to its effect on ForeView maps this resource is read by OpenView NetView and SunNet Manager mapping utilities No default Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 12 Fvovmon Configuration How Accurate Is OVWDB e Fvovmon PollNetinterval e Fvovmon PollDBinterval e Fvovmon PollSwitchStatusinterval e Fvovmon PollHostStatusinterval e Fvovmon PollLinkStatusInterval Fvovmon Removel interval Fvovmon PollNetIinterval specifies the amount of time between subsequent polls of all switches in the network Analogous to a discovery cycle Default is 900 15 minutes Fvovmon PollDBInterval specifies the amount of time between subsequent polls of the OVw database Default is 3600 60 minutes Fvovmon PollSwitchStatusInterval specifies the amount of time in seconds between subsequent queries to the discovery and status daemon for changes in the status of managed switches Analogous to a status poll Default is 30 Fvovmon PollHostStatusInterval specifies the amount of time in seconds between subsequent queries to Fvds for changes in the status of managed UNI devices Default is 600 10 minutes Fvovmon PollLinkStatusInterval specifies the amount of time in seconds between subsequent queries to Fvds for changes in the status of managed links Default is 300 5 minutes Fvovmon Removelnterval the amount of time in seconds an object in the OVwdb is dead before it
73. ncreasingly specific categories This permits adds and changes to the MIB without affecting the structure of the existing objects MIBs have been defined for public and private use Public MIBs would be for objects common to many devices For example Ethernet IP and DS 1 MIBs are available for anyone to use if their devices have need of such support This enables off the shelf management products to know how to query anybody s product with an Ethernet IP or DS 1 interface Private MIBs are created by the device s maker For instance an Ethernet switch might have an LED indicating excessive collisions on that port The status of this LED would not be in the public Ethernet MIB because not all Ethernet products have such an LED The makers of that switch would define the LED s status into the private portion of the MIB structure Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 9 me idm The Internet OID Tree 2 1 ccitt 0 enterprises 1 1 3 6 1 4 1 vendors 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 9 15 97 2 10 Moving to the actual structure this diagram shows the root in the upper left There are three choices from the root CCITT now the ITU ISO and joint categories are the only choices A new category 3 could be added without affecting any of the others The representation of an OID is done in a dotted notation that is as short or long as it needs to be to indicate the proper place on the tree In th
74. nd driven interface with on line help e Initial configuration of switch IP address subnet masks and routing e Restarting upgrading and backing up switch software ForeView Graphical Interface Mapping and monitoring network Network Event log and Threshold events Net Mod Port monitoring and configuration Setting up and browsing PVCs PVP s and SPVCs Monitoring and Configuring UNI and SPANS Signaling Tracking logging and graphing usage and errors over time ForeView 10 3 97 1 17 Certain procedures are necessary at the initial setup of the switch setting the IP address of an interface setting subnet masks and routing or certain system maintenance tasks Certain commands are better to keep as command line and not point and shoot to avoid the ease of detrimental mistakes like the initialization of the flash file system or resetting of the configuration database These tasks at least ought to be executed through the command or menu interface Other complex command line procedures like the creation of a non zero Virtual Path and its virtual channels and QoS Quality of Service functions are much easier through a dialog box in ForeView The nature of a graphical user interface makes it easier to initialize graphs topology maps and bitmaps representing device status lt is important to remember that ForeView only manages switches and edge devices and not the host or host adapter The bottom line usually is
75. ng 8 1 97 A 10 The following slides show how to use ForeView to gather port signaling and connection statistics Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 10 Statistics port FORMIE 8 1 97 A 11 Notice that Port related ForeView statistics are collected on the Port Control screen and on the Media Control screen Notice also that there is a Graph and a Log button on each of these screens to allow graphing or logging of the statistical data These features are shown on the next two slides Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 11 Port Graphing e The Graph dialog box will yield the graph 8 1 97 A 12 When you select Graph from the Port Control screen the Graph Tool dialog box appears which allows you to select which items will be graphed Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 12 Port Logging e The logging dialog box is very similar to the graphing box Chet arare R ee l EEEELENEEK E EELE EEE E 1 E af a z shn as Imie r HE re bls shee Isina E oj Hir ET r akn a i oe Bp la Ai etar E laina z tmini ForeView 8 1 97 A 13 When you select Log from the Port Control screen the Logging dialog box appears which allows you to select which items will be logged and the logging interval All logged items will be stored as comma delimited text files in the foreview d
76. ng on which OS is chosen the user can then choose to run ForeView in standalone mode or in conjunction with some of the industry s most popular Network Management Systems NMS as shown Please refer to the ForeView Web page for latest version numbers ForeView is designed to manage all of FORE s products from a single unified application We ve listed just some of the key tools within ForeView used to manage the various networking products Some tools are device specific such as or the Path Channel Tool that works only with ATM switches and routing configuration works only with PowerHub Some tools work at a network level such as discovery topology graphing and logging Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 15 TOJN Management Modes All products can be managed via text based user interface telnet and or serial connection All products have a subset of management capability accessible via ForeView 10 3 97 1 16 Since some users do not employ SNMP based network management all products have a simple command line or menu driven user interface these interfaces are accessed through the products serial port or via a telnet session SNMP based management tools such as ForeView provide that management capability via an alternate interface The question left to be answered is When to use which mode Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 16 Management Modes Command or Menu interfaces e Full comma
77. nt OS make sure you obtain the appropriate file The uncompress function is done with uncompress usr local fv42_sol tar Z The tar command will create subdirectories within the current location if they dont already exist A common mistake is to put the tar file in usr local foreview then extract the tar file The subdirectories will still be created but the home directory will be usr local foreview foreview This is not fatal just excessive Extract with tar xvf usrV local fv42 sol tar Xt xterm ile Es Sun Microsystems Inc SunOS Dedede Generic May 1996 sydneyl cd usr local sydneyl ls e fore incluae man sydneyl uncompress fv42_sol tar Z sydneyl ls fore z ANa man sydneyl tar xvf usr local fv42_sol tar Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 6 UNIX Installation Steps Set the FOREVIEW HOME environment variable bin csh setenv FOREVIEW_HOME usr local foreview e After the ForeView tar file has been extracted change to the usr local foreview directory and run the installation script cd usr local foreview foreview_ install 10 8 97 3 7 Set the environment variable FOREVIEW HOME to reflect the new directories if necessary The extracted tar file will create the directory foreview in usr local Change directory to usr local foreview cd usr local foreview Run the following command to begin the installation foreview_ ins
78. on Again the channel trace tool of ForeView is a very valuable tool to determine this lf the connection has a Usage Parameter Control UPC contract or Address Validation AV rules applied to it there is a possiblitity that the parameters defined are not robust enough to allow the application to operate In this case try removing the contract AV rules or increasing the UPC values Many single connection problems are related to the application itself such as ILMI off on a link or device requiring signaling pointing to the wrong ARP server NSAP address or incorrect application of accept and or reject statements in the lecs cfg Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 6 The ForeView Channel Trace Tool wate Beinn rect ty i TH fel ore E IE IE H mn eS om E 1 Airo ForeView 8 1 97 A 7 To perform a channel trace with ForeView select Trace VP VC from the Front Panel display Control VPC VCC pull down menu The Trace screen shown above on the right is displayed showing all end point addresses in this network Select an end point to start tracing from and then select either to trace the connection or trace and graph the connection The response from the trace identifies all the switches modules ports involved Verify that similar applications can run over each switch displayed Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 7 All Switches Problem If the problem seems to be present on all switches i
79. onnection under Control VPC VCC on the Front Panel display you will be taken to that type of connection s channel tool PVC is shown above on the left When you browse that conection type information is displayed showing all connections of that type including uptime Also information such as transmitted cell counts and errors associated with cell movement can be found as part of the port status screen right click on a selected port Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 15 Working With TAC e TAC may be called at any point in your troubleshooting procedure but First try to collect as much information about the problem as possible e Try to duplicate the problem at least once e Then call 800 671 FORE 3673 or email to support fore com Or use TAClink part of ForeView to send error log file or stack trace to TAC 8 1 97 A 16 TAC may be called faxed emailed or written anytime you encounter a problem with FORE equipment but it will help both parties if some information collection is done first As part of ForeView we also offer TAClink which is an automated way to inform TAC of a problem encountered by ForeView at your site The following slide shows the TAClink screen and explains how it is used Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 16 ForeView TACIink Auto manual retrieval of critical network information Automatically e mailed to FORE s Technical Assistance Center
80. oups ATM LAN Backbones and ATM Corporate Backbones The Corporate Backbone is often connected across the wide area and many times includes support for a corporate wide voice and or video network Together the products represented performing the applications shown above provide a solution that solves today s problems and lays the foundation for tomorrow s multi service network Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 9 Pre Requisites e Completion of Core Switch or LAN Certification course or comparable experience with FORE s ATM switch products specifically e Familiarity with AMI user interface e Exposure to Device Manager software for ATM switches and ES 3810 e Basic ATM networking concepts e Basic IP networking concepts 10 16 97 P 10 The scope of this class is coverage of SNMP based management of FORE s products Instructors assume knowledge of FORE s products and use of element manager IP connectivity is a crucial issue in SNMP based management and success of the labs will depend on the student s ability to take steps needed to initialize manage and configure IP interfaces on desktop systems and FORE s ATM switches Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 10 ForeView Course Agenda Day 1 Product overview installation licensing SNMP basics and labs Day 2 Background and foreground processes for discovery mapping NMS integration configuration of discovery and NMS integration mapping
81. ox permits additional MIB object values to be displayed in addition to the standard group of objects The standard set of displayed parameters is Channel type Source switch Source input port Source input VPI Source input VCI Destination output port Destination output VPI Destination output VCI UPC contract Uptime The options to add are too numerous to list Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 6 The WC Browser e Selecting the Browse button will use the Options settings to filter the number and type of VCs to be displayed on the indicated switch ee Vina es re aa foes Tt Sey fh a Part i b After options are set the Browse button searches for matching entries The underlined area is a standard display for a PVP Once an entry is found by the browser it can be deleted modified or traced Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 7 SmartPUC e Smart PVCs bring the advantages of SVCs to PVC applications e Channel tool only needs to know ingress switch and egress switch ForeView 11 6 97 6 8 Foreview irtual Path Channel Tool A Switch sydneybx Port a2 VPI Q vcr 195 ooo Tool Type SmartPY C E Switch parisbx Channel Control Virection At B Port Az Policing Action default vPI 0 Cell Delay Var uSec VCI 140 Reserved BMKbps fo UPC Contract Name Type Prowse Clear Options Create Modify Delete T
82. point of network discovery There are different strategies here A simple strategy is to name the ATM switch nearest you Later you can decide which switch or switches best suit your application Another strategy is to select a well connected switch many NNI links in each building or group of switches The IP interface specified by name or address can be ATM or Ethernet attached but must be reachable from this host More on this in an upcoming section Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 11 Finish The Installation xterm Customization of OV fileset completed successfully Version identification created in usr local foreview conf Building conf fvpanel dat file using mkfpcfg Created conf fvpanel dat file using mkfpcfg successfully KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK KKKKK KKK KKK KKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK KKKK KKK KKK KKKKKKKKK ee ForeView install completed on Mon Oct 6 20 07 20 EDT 1997 kkk xxx All ForeView products have been enabled for a 15 xxx day trial To complete the installation you must ensure that you have a permanent license key for all xxx ForeView products you intend to use All permanent keys xxx must be located in the file usr local foreview conf license kKk xxx Information on obtaining and installing permanent xxx license keys can be found on your ForeView Right xxx To Use RTU Certificate KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KK KKK KKK KK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KK KKK KKKKKKKKK ForeView 10 8 97 3 12 Prior to t
83. prehensive treatment of SNMP Rather it is intended to address the basic operating model for SNMP and then address some specific aspects that should be of particular use for understanding and retaining the rest of this network management curriculum Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 2 Network Manager and Agents Client Server Agent Server Server Agent Agent ForeView 9 15 97 2 3 The model SNMP employs to provide network management capability is the familiar client server model It is a significant departure from the common form of client server in the client to server ratio Most client server implementations have a small number of servers compared to the number of clients For example a client server mail application based on the SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol could have hundreds even thousands of clients and only a few servers A similar ratio is common with file server applications Network management using SNMP inverts this ratio SNMP clients are management stations while every manageable device is a server When you consider how many hubs switches routers multiplexers etc might be in a corporate network you can see this architecture does not follow a typical client server model Some alternate language is used in this case Clients are often referred to as managers and the many servers as agents Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 3 Elements of a Network Management Architecture
84. race Channel IFE Sree Input Sree Input Sre Input Dest utput Dest utput Vest Type Switch Fort FI WET Port WPT WE SPYL parisbx As 0 140 Az i 195 Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 8 Practice Lab Channel Toot e Objectives Use the Channel Tool to create virtual circuits through the ATM network e Create PVC s on a single switch between hosts using the channel tool using VPI 0 e Create PVC s with non zero path s and have the system create them e Create a SmartPVC link across the network and test the SVC s by pulling the link ForeView 11 6 97 6 9 Procedures 1 Bring up the ForeView Channel Tool Enter in the following information as your instructor assigns them to you Your hostname Partner s hostname IP address IP Address Switch port Switch Port VPI 0 VPI 0 VCI lt host final octet gt VCI lt host final octet gt QoS parameters _CBR 20000 cps 2 Fill in the Channel Tool fields as needed and press Create to construct the circuit 3 Choose the clear button to clear the top list box and then click the Browse button to browse the existing VCs and make sure that your VCs were created Try changing selections in the Options box to restrict your search of circuits 4 At both hosts run the atmarp command to set the PVC s in the host ATM arp cache For your review the FORE IP syntax is atmarp s hostname fa0 path channel AAL atmarp I fa0 path channel AAL Copyri
85. remove sh that will delete the older version Before running the script do the following Exit all ForeView applications Exit your network management system HP OpenView or SunNet Manager lf ForeView is installed in an alternate directory make sure that the environment variable FOREVIEW_HOME is set lf ForeView is installed in an alternate directory it is imperative that you set the FOREVIEW_HOME environment variable before you begin the removal to avoid problems during the procedure NOTE ForeView assumes a default location of usr fore foreview but the Sun workstations in our lab use the alternate directory usr local foreview Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 3 To Use remove sh Log in as root We recommend that you save your existing configuration and license files To do this issue the following commands cp usr local foreview cont foreview tmp foreview cp usr local foreview cont license tmp fvlicense Issue the following commands bin sh usr fore foreview install remove sh 10 8 97 3 4 After following the steps above to remove the older version you are now ready to install the latest version of ForeView The software installation instructions have been divided into two sections installation procedures for Unix platforms and for the Windows NT Stand alone platform Please proceed to the installation instructions for the platform you are using All users of ForeView on the OpenView platfo
86. rm must be informed that their personal configuration file GSHOME foreview needs to be updated to reflect any changes In the system wide configuration file SFOREVIEW_HOME conf foreview Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 4 Pre installation Steps CD e Check for the permanent or temp license key If installing from the CD ROM make sure the drive is attached and mounted Change directories to cdrom unix Begin the installation by typing install Answer the questions that follow 10 8 97 3 5 Before starting the installation decide where ForeView will reside Insert the ForeView Network Management CD ROM into the CD ROM drive and mount the file system as cdrom See your system s user guide for instructions on mounting CD ROMs Use the instructions above to start the installer software As you are prompted for information enter information appropriate for your site Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 5 TOJN a Pre installation ftp The software image can be obtained from TACtics Online or the public ftp site e Move the ftp d file such as fv42_sol tar Z to one level above the intended FOREVIEW_ HOME such as usr fore or usr local e Uncompress the file e Once uncompressed you can execute the tar command tar xvf usr local fv42 sol tar ForeView 10 8 97 3 6 The commands here are specific to the Solaris operating system we ll use in the lab If you use a differe
87. rmation now y y Please enter the hostname s of the switch es separated by commas that you would like to use as starting points for the discovery process Fvds discSwitches sydneybx ForeView 10 8 97 3 10 The next decision you make is to install the standalone version of ForeView or a version integrated with HP OpenView OV SunNet Manager SNM or NetView AIX NV When an integrated version is selected please note the standalone files are also installed Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 10 Enter The Discovery Switch es xterm o Installing ForeView OV platform Installed a template ForeView resource file as usr local foreview conf foreview The ForeView discovery and status daemon needs to know the name of a switch in the ATM network to perform network discovery and monitoring This seed switch is stored in your ForeView configuration file usr local foreview conf foreview as the resource Fvds discSwitches Your usr local foreview conf foreview file does not have this resource defined We recommend that you define this resource now Would you like to enter this information now y y Please enter the hostname s of the switch es separated by commas that you would like to use as starting points for the discovery process Fvds discSwitches sydneybx cue 10 8 97 3 11 The information needed is the IP address or DNS hostname of the ForeRunner ATM switch that will be the starting
88. rs and multi homed hosts e Network Segments routers and multi homed hosts e Segment All nodes show up in Segment map 10 25 97 4 20 OpenView will initially present the Root map showing two icons one for the IP internet and the other for the ATM network installed by ForeView When you double click on an icon you explode the icon into the next submap layer On the IP map side if you explode through each level and then explode a host from the Segment map you will see the host interfaces including fa0 ATM interface qaa0 through qaa3 Classical IP interfaces leO for Ethernet port and el0 16 for defined VLANs On the ATM map side ForeView concentrates on showing all the switches and their interswitch and host connections ForeView shows the host and switch devices as well as detailed information on the signaling paths used to communicate with them When communicating with a device that is comprised of other devices such as an ASX1000 ForeView will show the enclosure and its component fabrics ForeView will show an icon for the ASX1000 with a label of Enclosure When the enclosure is double clicked a submap with each icons for each individual fabric is shown Double clicking on a fabric is like selecting a stand alone BX switch Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 20 Root Map ForeView 10 25 97 4 21 Under OpenView all ForeView functions are found under the ForeView menu Copyrig
89. ry request status request 10 25 97 4 16 Conceptually when fvovtrapd receives a trap it filters the trap to be sure it s from a FORE Switch then decodes the message Then fvdsd is requested to verify the trap information For example the trap indicating a link failure on port 1c3 of a switch named Alpha wide arrow would trigger fvovtrapd to request fvdsd to discover the status of Alpha 1c3 black lines Fvdsd sends an SNMP Get Request to Alpha querying that port black lines to Alpha If a change has taken place fvdsd s cache is updated When fvdsd receives Alpha s response a message goes to fvovtrapd indicateing a response has been received Now fvovtrapd can request the status of Alpha 1c3 from fvdsd dashed lines This verifies the contents of the trap using discovery and status processes in fvdsd This process is used to verify all FORE SNMP traps If the verification shows the trap to be incorrect then fvovtrapd will not update anything in the OpenView database nor will it update fvovmap If something has changed fvovirapd will notify the database and the ATM map Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 16 meliq SYSTEMS Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 17 FORE i Mapping Basics e Network is displayed as switches and NNI links e Submaps can be launched by double clicking e Switch objects can be re arranged with right button of a two button mouse or the middle but
90. s Traps Notifications ForeView Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 Managed System the agent MIB Objects ForeView 9 15 97 2 16 2 16 me N Get and Set PDUs l GetRequest GetNextRequest Get Response Version Community or SetRequest PDU PDU Request Error Error l aapa i vanea lt Variable Bindings gt ForeView 9 15 97 2 17 PDU Type GetRequest 0 Set Request 3 GetNextRequest 1 Trap 4 GetResponse2 Request ID Integer that correlates the managers request and the agents response Analogous to TCP segment numbers Error Status Integer field identifies the entry within the variable bindings list which caused the error Error Index noError 0 badValue 3 tooBig 1 readOnly 4 noSuchName 2 genErr 5 Variable Bindings List the list of variables and their values The object is the OID encoding of the object plus the instance for the variable being communicated The value is the desired setRequest or actual Get Request value for the object Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 17 Trap PDU PDU Enterprise Agent Generic Specific Timestam Object 1 Object 2 Type IP Address Trap Type Trap Type PI Value 1 Value 2 lt Variable Bindings gt 9 15 97 2 18 PDU Type Traps 4 Enterprise OID prefix of the enterprise sending the trap 1 3 6 1 4 1 326 would indicate FORE Systems Agent Address P address of the agent Generic Traps Value Type Value T
91. s and those pipes continue today to evolve into larger and larger entities Scalability was designed into ATM and the ATM Forum has been particularly keen recently to insure a level of downward compatibility with each new technology enhancement One of the most important differentiators of ATM was also designed in from the beginning and that is per connection QoS guarantees Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 4 HOJNE SYSTEMS To deliver networks that ensure that your business is no longer limited by what the network will allow Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 5 HOJNE SYSTEMS To Distributors ForeView The Extended Enterprise High Performance Multiservice Infrastructure Relations j i Manufacturing Accounting M T1 Server To Internet Engineering Manufacturing 10 16 97 P 6 Our goal is then to deliver the network components needed to model an extended enterprise utilizing a high performance multiservice infrastructure Copyright FORE Systems 10 16 97 ForeView P 6 The Core of the Network e The Core determines what applications the edge can support e An ATM based core provides the foundation for e Smart Bandwidth e MultiService e Seamless Integration of LAN and WAN ForeView 10 16 97 P 7 FORE s Core is built on family of ATM switches including the ASX 1000 ASX 200BX and LE 155 plus families of ATM network interface cards which support a var
92. switch greatly distributing the management load The collected data is transferred at user configurable intervals from the switch to a data collection server where ForeView can convert it from binary to ASCII file format Call Records provides a comprehensive list of over 40 variables for each call including start time of the call duration of the call source and destination NSAP addresses etc Performance Records provide detailed performance and error statistics on all interfaces including OC3 OC12 DS1 DS3 E1 E3 and J2 netmods Users can also configure the amount of memory allocated to record collection and specify a primary and secondary server to upload the records to for redundancy Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 12 Graphing Too Mpera Gee Peres Example Transmitted cells per second on two switch ports 10 3 97 1 13 The ForeView graphing tool displays graph statistics on ports virtual channels virtual paths or hosts The collection interval is user selectable and can be different for each graph The display width represented in minutes is user selectable as well ForeView Grapher enables users to graph statistics including transmit and receive cell counts Additional statistics are available depending on what type of interface is involved Copyright FORE Systems 10 3 97 ForeView 1 13 ne om Example awe UBR cells ance Tre H kral 7 me oa men 6 received on Lia ba a fii dam
93. tall Answer the questions that follow to complete the installation Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 RONE me installation Script xterm sydneyl foreview_install KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KK KK KKK KK KKKKK KK KKK kKkK K kKkKkK RARE FORE Systems ForeView 4 2 Installation TREE kKkK kK kKkKkK KAEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ForeView installation beginning at Fri Sep 26 16 31 34 EDT 1997 A log of these installation steps can be found in the file usr local foreview tmp fvinstall log Searching for old tcl files in the installation directories This distribution can run with different network management systems OpenView OV NetView for AIX NV SunNet Manager SNM or stand alone SA This program will install the setup appropriate for the platform that you select It looks like you have OV installed on this machine Enter the management platform you are using OV NV SNM or SA OV ForeView 10 8 97 3 8 The script will explain what is happening as well as provide choices Remember it is only a script and nothing is being written to the system until the end You can exit the script at any time using lt ctrl c gt Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 8 ForeView Installation script Have a current temporary or permanent license key ready Be familiar with the new discovery server program and the Fvds discSwitches resource FV still
94. ting the browse scan function Clear empties the function displays Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 4 Entering port info seve Gebel Path herel EET 11 6 97 6 5 This graphic is the upper left incoming side of the full Channel tool Creating a PVC 1 Indicate the switch to be configured 2 Press the ellipsis button to present input port choices Repeat this step on the output side not shown 3 Key in VPI and VCI values and on other side not shown 4 Press the Create button The system s acknowledgment appears in the message box at the bottom of the display Any errors encountered will be indicated here Copyright FORE Systems 11 6 97 ForeView 6 5 The Browse Options Box Pih E Dal Pica Boring Iribe ia a heg Frie Tahi Pred Fet 1 FCI The Options button r berg ei Pacha e Port F1 Il from the Channel An USMS ns S ee Tool permits the pics i Unie Fori PT VEI user to selectively D ee teeallog Piha browse the VCS and s ssia rs set filters as to how they are displayed umra Fika pola here Bie Lamr i pri arala ks taral patter be brejih paii bee ice eee aly E ra Pnp aed Bhp Pa E tov irs Heka kam ForeView Mhira The upper left portion of the Options dialog box allows the selecting and deselecting of specific path and channel types to be searched for in a browse The upper right permits choices for sorting the resulting display The lower part of the dialog b
95. tion date and key if You have a permanant Fore view key Leave IP address blank if you have a temporary Forevienw key Please contact Fore Systems if you do not have a key IP Address fo Products Expiration Date mmddyy aa E 10 8 97 3 17 ForeView The ForeView NT installation will prompt for the IP address products Expiration Date and Expiration Key Code in a dialog box When using a permanent license all the fields must be completed The temporary license requires only the Expiration Date and the Key fields Do NOT fill in the fields for IP Address and Products when using the temporary keys Make a special note that the format for the Expiration Date is MM DD YYYY where MM is the two digit month ie April 04 DD is the two digit date ie 01 is the first day and YYYY is the four digit year ie YYYY 1997 Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 17 Enter Discovery Switch YSTEM information Discovery Switch Information The ForevView discover and status process needs to know the name of a wikch in the ATH network to perhorn network c discover and monitoring This seed switch is stored in pour Foreview configuration file as the resource Pvds discS witches Your configuration file does not have this resource defined We recommend that you define this resource now DiscS witches 198 29 21 1 Note that the SwitchOrder and SeedS witches resources of Foreview 4 0 are still availa
96. to a user interface session there is either an SCP failure or no software loaded Verify IP interface status signaling status and stats indicating cell movement CPU utilization is measured by user interface response Ports PVCs modules and software services can be misconfigured Copyright FORE Systems 8 1 97 ForeView A 4 Connected Pair of Switches Problems lf a pair of connected switches are exhibiting the problem look at e the physical link polarity between switches e any loopbacks on the physical link e Path 0 status on the link between switches e Appropriate use of alternate paths and channels on the link e Port problems at one end of the link 8 1 97 A 5 For problems related to a pair of connected switches the approach is to focus on the link between the switches First look at the port LED indicators for the interconnecting link Are the polarity indications correct Next access the Port Control screen under ForeView to determine if the interconnecting link port on either end is in loopback ls path O required on the link signaling for the application you are running and if so is it enabled and the proper signaling up Look at the color of the port status bars under ForeView to determine if the appropriate signaling type is active and address registration has taken place for the device attached to the port Is the ForeView NNI symbol showing up on the interconnecting ports Front Panel view lf you
97. ton of a three button mouse 10 25 97 4 18 The connectivity based map displays switches and links at the top level adding more detail in suobmaps The objects on any standalone map can be moved around to suit your tastes by using the proper mouse buttons On the Integrated maps the display must be a read write access map to re arrange things In OpenView the first map opened gets read write privledges additional instances are read only Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 18 OpenView Status Colors Unknown dark blue Unknown Not polled Normal link black symbol green Operational Warning cyan One underlying object is red Minor Marginal yellow More than one underlying object is red Major orange All but one underlying object is red Critical red Down ForeView 10 25 97 4 19 Objects are colored according to their status If an object is made of sub components the status of the sub components affects the higher level Status Also events can have a color set according to their severity The default severity settings are Critical Network Mgmt System going down Major Router subnet going down Minor Switch host going down Warning Alerts user of changes Normal Host up down Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 19 OpenView Map Levels OpenView Internet map has four levels e Root contains the main icon for IP Internet IP Internet Subnets route
98. uld be helpful for troubleshooting to more frequently poll certain switches the regular fvdsd instance could be stopped and a new instance with very different behavior could be started This would provide more up to the minute information about the equipment in question more usr local foreview tmp DS pid kill 9 lt contents of DS pid gt fvds t polINNIDevices 20 pollNNiLinks 1 disclnterval 2 discSwitches cannes marseille paris disclnListOnly This fvdsd instance would limit its discovery and status polling to a few switches and provide information 5 times faster than the regular parameters would and would write all the results to a log file Parameter Normal value New value time between switch polls 30 sec 20 sec time between NNI link polls 3 min 1 min time between discovery polls 15 min 2 min switches polled entire network 3 switches Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 5 FORE SYSTEMS Mda FUS Configuration e Discovery options what s new in the network Polling options how are things in the network discovery 3 gt status 10 14 97 5 6 Copyright FORE Systems 10 14 97 ForeView 5 6 Fuds Options Discover What e Fvds discSwitches required e Fvds locations for remote fvds o Fvds discinterval time between discoveries e Fvds discNoUNls do not discover UNI links e Fvds discNoUNIDevices do not discover end devices e Fvds disclinListOnly only discover switc
99. we will take our first look at the ForeView Discovery and status daemon The Discovery daemon provides service to ForeView applications in stand alone and integrated modes We will look at the primary background processes and the schematic of how Open View uses these in its operation We can then examine the results of the OpenView discovery and look at the default maps Copyright FORE Systems 10 25 97 ForeView 4 2 FORE The Discovery and Status SYSTEMS Daemon e Runs as fvdsd e Can be local or remote to the station running the ForeView application e Begins discovery of the network topology at a preset point or points called Discovery Switches 10 25 97 4 3 ForeView utilizes a discovery and status server application that discovers the manageable entities that is the switches NNI and UNI links and the endpoints of NNI and UNI links in the ATM network All switches and devices connected to any of the switches in the list which can be communicated with via IP and or SNMP will be discovered and monitored by default For example take Fvds discSwitches switch1 switch2 In this case the discovery process will discover switch1 and switch2 It will then issue SNMP gets to find out which ports are in NNI status and the remote IP address on that link As get responses are returned these addresses are added to the list of known switches This NNI query moves onto the new switches and so on until all the switches are
100. ype 0 coldStart 4 authenticationFailure 1 warmStart 5 egpNeighborLoss 2 linkDown 6 enterpriseSpecific 3 linkUp lf anon generic trap has occurred Generic Trap Type 6 it will be further identified in the Specific Trap Type Field and the Enterprise Field Timestamp contains the value of the sysUpTime object indicating the amount of time elapsed between the last re initialization of the agent and the generation of that trap Variable Bindings List the list of variables and their values The object is the OID encoding of the object plus the instance for the variable being communicated Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 18 Summary e For Network Management to work you need to e Have IP Connectivity e Have Correct Community Strings e Know what MIBs have been implemented e SNMP is simple because there are only a few commands 9 15 97 2 19 Copyright FORE Systems 9 15 97 ForeView 2 19 me iq SYSTEMS Copyright FORE Systems 10 8 97 ForeView 3 1 Pre installation e Before beginning the installation the user must have a temporary or permanent license key and at least one switch name in the ATM cloud to begin discovery e Users may need to adjust the ForeView configuration file 10 8 97 3 2 The ForeView license file is sent along with the program media packet The user will receive a temporary key which is designed to expire within a 90 day period During this time the user can call FORE TAC an

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