ecoSTEM Village Experiments
Contents
1. eco cad ecos TEM Village A STEM based Power Grid Simulator Experiment Manual gt eC C 0 STE M Vi re g e Teaches STEM Concepts of Renewable Energy Power Grids STEM Based Power Grid Simulator Each house kit is solar powered and adds Renewable Energy Kits power to the Grid energy a L montioring p software e Build a working solar Power Grid with model house kits e Experiment with solar panels rechargeable batteries LEDs a water pump a wind turbine and a remote control electric car e Connect multiple houses together 3 6 12 up to 15 and watch the power increase as each house comes on the grid e Simulate electrical blackouts and brownouts and learn how rechargeable batteries can support a power grid when the main power goes out ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 1 eco cad design group Important Advisory These plans are presented in as is condition By using these plans you hold ecoCAD Design Group LLC and all members investors employees and owners harmless from any damages arising from the use of these plans including but not limited to the resulting physical implementation of the plans and any tests or experiments done with them In no case shall ecoCAD Design Group LLC be liable for any damages or injuries resulting from the use and or implementations of these plan2. Verify that the water pump is pumping water and measure the height of the water stream with a ruler Also using the Energy Monitoring Software measure the voltage current and power flowing through the Grid a Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon With your hand or other object shade the solar panels and notice that the water stream is not as high Measure the height of the water stream again with a ruler Also using the Energy Monitoring Software measure the voltage current and power flowing through the Grid a Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Now turn ON one or more ceiling fans Measure the height of the water stream again with a ruler Now turn ON one or more batteries Measure the height of the water stream again with a ruler ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 32 eco cad design group STUDENT EXERCISES Adding a Water Pump 1 Why dothink the water pump pumped less water when the fans were turned ON 2 Did turning on the batteries make the water go higher lower or stay about the same height Explain why you think this happened ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 33 eco cad design group TEACHER NOTES ANALYZING THE RESULTS Adding a Water
3. DOING THE EXPERIMENT using both the Wind Turbine and Electric Car 16 Set all the LED and ceiling fan switches to OFF 17 Turn the fan OFF so that the wind turbine blades do not spin 18 Set the switches that are underneath the wind turbine and Remote Control terminals to ON Turnall other switches OFF This essentially attaches the wind turbine to the Remote Control docking station Note the next part of this experiment deals with charging the electric car using only the power from the wind turbine 19 Set the small switch on the bottom of the electric car to ON 20 Attach the electric car to the Remote Control docking station by pushing its body onto the protruding terminal on the docking station 21 Turn the fan ON so that the wind turbine blades begin to spin 22 Observe the flashing RED light on the Remote Control docking station This indicates that the electric car is being charged 23 Allow about 3 to 4 minutes for the electric car to charge 24 The RED flashing light will go OFF and the GREEN flashing light will go ON when charging is complete 25 Turn the fan OFF so the wind turbine blades do not spin 26 Remove the electric car from the Remote Control docking station and use the circular remote control unit to run the car 27 Let the car run until it stops This just makes sure that things are working 28 Now repeat steps 19 through 24 but use a watch or electronic timer to time how long it takes to
4. Pump The water pump is really just another motor like the fan When a ceiling fan or fans is turned ON they divert the available power to themselves Therefore the water pump will pump less water because it has less power to apply to itself Adding the batteries to the power grid provides a more consistent level of power to all the loads like the ceiling fans and water pump But because the battery voltage is set at a certain maximum level about 4 volts maximum it may not cause the water pump to pump water as high as when only the solar panels are used for power Again because the battery voltage is less than the solar panel voltage There is another interesting facet to this solar panel battery mix Even though a solar panel can produce more voltage than the batteries 6 volts for the solar panel versus 4 volts for the batteries the total grid voltage will rarely if ever exceed the battery voltage This is because the batteries act as an energy sink and draw down the voltage of the solar panels to match their own Further this is because the batteries have a greater electrical mass as compared with the solar panels So even though the batteries will run the pump they may not deliver as much voltage to it thus making the water level lower ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 34 eco Cad ecos TEM Village A STEM based
5. charge the car flashing RED to flashing GREEN light on the docking station 29 Note exactly how long it takes to charge the car 30 Once again discharge the car s internal power source by running it until it stops ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 26 eco cad design group DOING THE EXPERIMENT using both the Wind Turbine and Electric Car and other loads 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Once again turn the fan ON so that the wind turbine blades begin to spin Observe the flashing RED light on the Remote Control docking station This indicates that the electric car is being charged Start timing the car charging event now Next turn on a house ceiling fan You may notice that the wind turbine blades spin slower when this happens more about this later The RED flashing light will go OFF and the GREEN flashing light will go ON when charging is complete Note the time when this happens Turn the fan OFF so the wind turbine blades do not spin Now compare the time in step 29 to this time It s predicted to be a longer time but your results may not bear this out Remove the electric car from the Remote Control docking station and use the circular remote control unit to run the car Let the car run until it stops Repeat steps 31 through 40 but this time turn ON more ceiling fan
6. shares power among the houses Brownout and blackout conditions are simulated Indoors Students will experiment with shining an artificial light source on each of the house roof solar panels to generate power to light LEDs and spin ceiling fans Outdoors The sun provides power for the solar panels and works MUCH BETTER than using indoor artificial light Students will witness how electricity produced by the solar panels is totally dependent on the amount of sun energy EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES e Students will use the Scientific Process to perform the experiment e Students will collect and analyze data e Students will observe the photovoltaic effect of sunlight and artificial light to produce electricity from solar panels e Students will witness examples of Power Grid brownouts and blackouts e Students will learn how to use the switches to connect power sources and loads ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Wear your safety glasses during the preparation for and execution of all the experiments ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Wear your safety glasses during the preparation for and execution of all the experiments ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 5 eco cad design group EQUIPMENT e ecoSTEM Village Houses at least two connected together more if possible e Two or more 60 to 300 watt incandescent or halo
7. show the interconnections yO among the solar cells a Solar panels are used to gather solar energy from the sun As they collect sunlight solar panels instantly convert the sun s energy into DC electricity Solar panels have no moving parts and are generally constructed of the same solid state materials that go into making semiconductors They are very reliable however at the present time they are not very efficient converting only 11 to 14 of the sun s energy into electricity Solar panel technology is constantly improving along with better materials and higher efficiency ratings so newer solar panels will convert more of the sun s energy into usable electricity Space satellites use solar panels to power their internal electronics and to run internal heaters to keep the electronics and motors from freezing in the ultra cold space environment Most importantly the solar panels are always kept pointed at the sun as the satellite orbits the Earth This is a very complex endeavor since the solar panels must be constantly adjusted by on board motors to keep them correctly aligned to produce maximum power as the satellite hurdles through space at thousands of miles per hour ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 46
8. LC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 6 eco cad design group 3 Notice the computer plots of the voltage current and power generated as the light is moved Capture several images by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Fe 4 Switch ON the House Roof solar panels on the other house connected to the first house Don t switch on anymore LEDs yet 5 Shine another light on the solar panels of the second house and view how the left and right LED groups on the first house get brighter D 6 Notice the computer plots of the voltage current and power generated as the light is moved Capture several images by clicking on the Screen Capture icon 7 Now switch ON the LEDs on the second house 8 Notice how all the first house LEDs get dimmer This is an example of a brownout because the solar power has to be shared between both houses to light all the LEDs and there isn t enough solar power to light all the LEDs to full brightness amp g Finally turn ON a fan on either house the first or second it doesn t matter 10 Notice that the fan doesn t spin AND that the LEDs in both house go OUT This is an example of a blackout because there is not enough power to supply both the LEDs and the fan 11 Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon 12 You can repeat this experiment with more than two houses Just hook up as many houses as you have and see
9. LED this illumination can be in various colors like red green yellow blue and even white The LED material creates the particular color Since LEDs are really diodes they are said to be polarized which means that they will only illuminate when the voltage source is properly attached with positive and negative connected correctly Like batteries the positive and negative parts of an LED must be hooked up correctly The longer lead of the LED is positive while the shorter lead is negative LEDs will only illuminate if the positive and negative ends are connected to the positive and negative sides of the Power Source respectively ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 44 eco cad design group Solar Panel Fundamentals ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved 45 A solar panel is made up of Solar Panel Fundamentals What is a Solar Panel i individual solar cells connected together in a lt P series parallel arrangement in Wats order to create the desired M Ni voltage and current outputs K An individual solar cell i VA D generates only volt no pm wt mater its physical size KN however an individual solar cell s current output is completely dependent on its physical size The vertical and horizontal lines in the photo
10. M Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 38 eco cad design group What is a Circuit A circuit is any unbroken or closed connection of electrical components that N form a continuous conducting path for current to flow if the circuit is broken or open asin an open circuit no current can flow and no power or energy can be delivered The most basic electrical circuit w __ vy is made up of a power source like a battery shown here attached to a load like a resistor shown here What is a Series Circuit In an electrical circuit several devices such as light _ a amp EN bulbs can be placed in a line or in series between the positive and negative poles of the battery Thisis called a series circuit A A major problem is if one light bulb burns out then it A acts like a switch and turns off the whole circuit On the other hand a major advantage of a series circuit is that it saves wires that are needed in a parallel U S circuit What is a Parallel Circuit Devices can be arranged in a parallel circuit such that if any bulbs burn out the circuit still remains intact and operates Holiday lights are wired in parallel so that if one bulb burns out the others remain lit The circuit shown here has two lights wired in parallel If one light burns out the other one stays on ecoSTEM Vill
11. N Notice that the first house voltmeter does not show much if any voltage reading This is because it is electrically isolated from the other houses Repeat the above steps for each of the other houses that are attached together This demonstrates how each house s input power is electrically isolated from the others On the first house move the voltmeter leads from the ACC IN left most terminals to the ACC OUT right most terminals Observe the Red Black polarity of the hookup Set the ACC IN toggle switch OFF and set the ACC OUT toggle switch ON This will allow the voltmeter to monitor the grid voltage that is common to all the houses Next experiment with switching the Solar and Battery switches ON and OFF on the other houses to see how the voltmeters react ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 21 STUDENT EXERCISES Let Students Experiment The idea behind having voltmeters connected to the ACC IN terminals is to see which house can produce the most voltage Have the students compete with one another to see which house produces the most voltage WITHOUT THE BATTERY ON using only the solar panels TEACHER NOTES ANALYZING THE RESULTS Why don t the solar panel voltages affect the battery voltage Solar panels by themselves with nothing else connected to them can produce more voltage than the rechargeable battery
12. Power Grid Simulator Background Information e How Electricity Works e Solar Panel Fundamentals ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 35 ecoicad How Electricity Works ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 36 eco cad design group How Electricity Works The following is important background on the basics of electricity like voltage current power and resistance as well as series and parallel circuits AC and DC and information on important devices like LEDs and fuel cells Each topic is presented as a question What is Voltage Voltage is to electricity as pressure is to water both are forces that move things Voltage is the force that moves electrons through a circuit the greater the voltage the greater the force of electron movement Voltage is generated by creating a potential difference between positive and negative elements of the device generating it Like water the higher the voltage the more force it exerts Water falling from a height uses gravity to create force the higher the water falls its potential difference the more force or pressure it creates Unlike water however voltage is not created by gravity but by chemical optical or magnetic forces Batteries use chemicals to generate vol
13. a Meter to Monitor House Voltage EXPERIMENT OVERVIEW This experiment shows how to connect a voltmeter to the Aggregator Board s terminals to monitor the house voltage As connected here the voltmeter shows the voltage produced by this house only and not the combined voltage produced by all the houses that are connected together with cables This experiment also shows how to connect the voltmeter to measure the total grid voltage of all the houses EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES e Students will use the Scientific Process to perform the experiment e Students will collect and analyze data e Students will understand how to setup and use a conventional voltmeter to measure the DC voltage produced by the house batteries and solar panels e Students will witness how the batteries and solar panels of each house contribute to the combined voltage of the entire house grid e Students will learn how to use the switches to connect power sources and loads TURN THE BATTERIES OFF Unless otherwise asked to do in the following experiments TURN OFF the batteries at all times If the batteries are left ON they will drain through the solar panels or loads ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Wear your safety glasses during the preparation for and execution of all the experiments ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 18 eco cad d
14. age is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 39 eco cad design group What is Power Power is the combination of voltage and current Voltage is the pressure component of power forcing electrons to move through a circuit and current is the quantity of charge component indicating the amount of electrons in the flow Both voltage and current are required to produce the electrical force called power Power is instantaneous and is not measured over time like energy When you measure power you measure voltage and current for a given instant of time This is an important distinction time or lack of it is the essential difference between power and energy Power is instantaneous while energy is power measured over time Electrical power is measured in units called watts What is Energy Energy is power over time Energy is the power flowing through a circuit for a given time like one second one minute or one hour When we speak of energy we mean power times time Energy is measured in units similar to power but with a time component as in watt seconds or Joules watt minutes or watt hours If a circuit generates 1 watt of power for 1 hour it is said to generate 1 Watt Hour of energy Your electric meter measures power in Watt Hours 3600 Joules or 3600 watt seconds they re really the same Watt hours can be converted to any other time frame by understa
15. andescent or halogen bulb lamps don t use a fluorescent lamp it will not generate enough illumination for this experiment e You can also use the hand held LED lights but they don t produce much power e Computer running the ecoCAD Real Time Energy Monitoring software e Printer optional EXPERIMENT SETUP e Connect at least two 2 houses together with the supplied CATS cable from the Power Out to the Power In connectors connect more houses together this way if available e Start with all the switches of the house Control Panels OFF e The CATS end of the USB Module should be connected to the Power Out connector on the last house OR the Power In connector on the first house e The other end of the USB Module should be connected with the supplied USB cable to the computer with the ecoCAD Energy Monitoring Software running e Setup the houses in an area where students can shine lights on the solar panels Indoors or where the sunlight can reach the solar panels without any shade or other obstructions Outdoors Q Cable E USB Module DOING THE EXPERIMENT 1 On each house switch the Battery switch ON along with both LEDs and Fan ON The purpose is to drain the batteries for the following experiment 2 Allow the batteries to discharge into the LEDs and fans 3 When the batteries are fully drained and no LEDs are ON and the Fan isn t spinning then set ALL the switches on all the houses to OFF ecoSTEM Vil
16. anels 2 Why could the batteries in this experiment be called an energy sponge 3 Ifyou had real solar panels on your house or apartment to create electrical power for your appliances like TVs and computers why would you also want to have them charge up your house batteries ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 16 eco cad design group TEACHER NOTES ANALYZING THE RESULTS Battery Energy Storage A rechargeable battery is a device that stores electrical power for later use Once its power is used up it can be replenished recharged over and over again An important rechargeable battery characteristic is that it can receive different levels of power a lot or a little at different times and still accumulate these bursts of instantaneous power into an electrical reservoir where electrical power can be drawn upon as needed Think of a battery as an energy sponge A sponge can absorb lots of water at one time or it can absorb it drop by drop The sponge will fill with water at a rate depending on the water given to it Either way once it s saturated it can give that water back by squeezing it out again a little at a time or a lot A rechargeable battery absorbs electrons instead of water but the principle is the same A battery can absorb electrons a little or a lot at one time That s what this experiment desc
17. buted over long distances On a computer plot alternating current looks like a wave with peaks and troughs Alternating Current Alternating Current First this way Then this way an ah Sine Curve 1 r P i a a s 5 Yi mi ES q T 2 30 60 so 12 150 18 210 240 70 0 330 n x d D4 a gt 06 7 o8 s ws e ae 1 gi Degrees ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 42 eco cad design group What is a Battery A battery is a device that stores chemical energy which can be converted into direct current DC electrical energy Batteries are normally considered as power sources The physical part and electrical symbol for a battery are shown below el T Primary batteries are ready to produce current as soon as they are manufactured Primary batteries are generally used in flashlights and must be replaced when they go dead Secondary batteries can be recharged by applying an electrical current which reverses the chemical reactions that occur during its use All car batteries are secondary batteries that need constant recharging by the car s alternator A battery value is specified in both volts and milliamp hours Batteries even small ones like the ones used in the STEM House are powerful devices and should be respected they contain a lot of stored electri
18. cal power that can cause shock and can become a fire hazard be careful in using them What is a Reversible Fuel Cell A reversible fuel cell splits water H20 into hydrogen and oxygen gases in electrolysis mode and then recombines the hydrogen and oxygen gasses to create electricity which is why it is called reversible A fuel cell is like a battery in that it generates direct current DC The main difference is that its fuel usually hydrogen is on the outside while a battery s fuel is on the inside As long as hydrogen and oxygen are present a fuel cell will generate DC electricity The physical part and symbol for a reversible fuel cell are shown below ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 43 eco cad design group What is an LED The term LED stands for Light Emitting Diode A diode is like a one way valve that only lets electricity pass through it in one direction from positive to negative The positive side is called the Anode and the negative side is called the Cathode Normal diodes are used in electronic circuits to route voltage and current in the desired direction Anode Cathode t p Anode Cathode long lead short lead flat side or spot A light emitting diode is really a diode that illuminates when electricity passes through it from positive to negative Depending on the type of
19. ches OFF but leave the Battery switch ON 12 Monitor the battery voltage on the Energy Monitoring software 13 The batteries must be charged up to at least 3 volts for the following part of the experiment to work If the voltage is less than 3 volts continue to charge the batteries until the voltage reaches 3 volts or more ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 eco cad design group Set one of the LED switches ON Notice that the left two ceiling LEDs illuminate a Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Set the second LED switch ON Notice that the right two ceiling LEDs illuminate The LEDs may be dimmer since they are using more of the battery s available power Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon c Set the Fan switch ON Notice the extra power being used on the software plots Also the LEDs may grow dimmer and go OFF Watch the voltage current and power plots on the Energy Monitor software and notice how long it takes for the battery to drain to zero volts ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 15 eco cad design group STUDENT EXERCISES Battery Energy Storage 1 How do batteries smooth out the power from the solar p
20. d more electrical power to the grid The remote controlled electric car provides another load on the grid and is used to measure the energy intake of solar and wind energy in terms of how long it runs EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES e Students will use the Scientific Process to perform the experiment e Students will collect and analyze data e Students will witness how the wind turbine provides extra electrical power to the grid e Students will witness how the remote controlled electrical car is charged from wind and solar power and also how long it will run given the amount of time it was charged from these sources e Students will compete to see how long their electric car runs after charging it with solar and wind power TURN THE BATTERIES OFF Unless otherwise asked to do in the following experiments TURN OFF the batteries at all times If the batteries are left ON they will drain through the solar panels or loads ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Wear your safety glasses during the preparation for and execution of all the experiments ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 23 eco cad design group EQUIPMENT ecoSTEM Village Houses at least two connected together more if possible Two or more 60 to 300 watt incandescent or halogen bulb lamps don t use a fluorescent lamp it will not generate enough illuminatio
21. esign group EQUIPMENT e ecoSTEM Village Houses at least two connected together more if possible e Two or more 60 to 300 watt incandescent or halogen bulb lamps don t use a fluorescent lamp it will not generate enough illumination for this experiment e You can also use the hand held LED lights but they don t produce much power e Supplied voltmeter EXPERIMENT SETUP ACV 1 5 4 0mA 0 200 ovi25mA one DCA e 200H 2000 a Fon toanc rc VQmA CEN TECH DIGITAL e Set the voltmeter dial to 20 DCV which means it will measure up to 20 volts DC Our batteries and solar panels normally don t go much over 6 volts so this is the best setting The example photo above shows a battery voltage of 3 91 volts e Attach the voltmeter probes to the left most push terminals labeled ACC IN the Red lead on the left terminal and the Black lead on the right terminal as shown above Do this for each house e Set the left most toggle switch ON This allows the solar panel and battery voltages to be read by the meter once the toggle switch is turned ON e Set the other toggle switches to OFF for the moment e Connect at least two 2 houses together with the supplied CATS cable from the Power Out to the Power In connectors connect more houses together this way if available e Setup the houses in an area where students can shine lights on the solar panels Indoors or where the sunlight can reach
22. gen bulb lamps don t use a fluorescent lamp it will not generate enough illumination for this experiment e You can also use the hand held LED lights but they don t produce much power e Computer running the ecoCAD Real Time Energy Monitoring software e Printer optional EXPERIMENT SETUP e Connect at least two 2 houses together with the supplied CATS cable from the Power Out to the Power In connectors connect more houses together this way if available e Start with all the switches of the house Control Panels OFF e The CATS end of the USB Module should be connected to the Power Out connector on the last house OR the Power In connector on the first house e The other end of the USB Module should be connected with the supplied USB cable to the computer with the ecoCAD Energy Monitoring Software running e Setup the houses in an area where students can shine lights on the solar panels Indoors or where the sunlight can reach the solar panels without any shade or other obstructions Outdoors i t e CAT5 Cable S USB CABLE SSE USB Module a DOING THE EXPERIMENT Indoors 1 Onthe house connected to the USB Module switch ON the House Roof solar panels and the left and right LED groups 2 Shine a light on the roof solar panels and view how the ceiling LEDs get brighter and dimmer as the light is moved from side to side ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group L
23. how would you describe a brownout 2 Inthis experiment how you would describe a blackout 3 How is a real brownout and blackout caused 4 What can you do to help prevent and recover from a real brownout or blackout ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 9 eco cad design group TEACHER NOTES ANALYZING THE RESULTS Power Grid Simulation The power grid formed by the ecoSTEM Village houses simulates actual brownout and blackout conditions when the electrical power is insufficient in terms of running the home appliances like LEDs and a fan in this case The word brownout describes an electrical condition where the power is not completely out but when the voltage and currents being supplied by the power plants the solar panels are not enough to support the loads the LEDs and fans In a brownout the appliances like motors and fans run slower and lights are dimmer than normal This condition remains until sufficient power from the power plant is restored The word blackout is worse than a brownout because all electrical power is OFF or is so low that no appliances can operate at all Blackouts normally occur when the power grid is strained to the point that circuit breakers at the local and remote power plants trip and cut off power to homes and other facilities that use power Blackouts normally occu
24. hter load as compared to a light bulb because the radio uses less power as compared with a light bulb The Ohm s Law equation for computing the association among voltage current and resistance load is as follows E I R Where E Voltage in volts Current in amps R Resistance in ohms What is Direct Current Direct current or DC is a continuous non changing flow of charge through a circuit Batteries solar panels and fuel cells generate DC direct current at various voltages depending on their individual ratings Even though most Direct Current electronic appliances like televisions and computers run on DC they get their power from AC current by plugging a power cord into a wall outlet A device called a power supply converts the AC to DC On a computer plot direct current looks like a straight line going across the screen one way flow ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 41 eco cad design group What is Alternating Current Alternating current or AC is anon continuous flow of charge through a circuit Certain wind turbines generate alternating current and all power coming from the local power plant into the home is AC that varies at 60 Hz or 60 cycles per second Unlike direct current alternating current can be scaled up or down by a device called a transformer which allows it to be efficiently distri
25. is way if available e To start all the switches of the house Control Panels should be OFF e The CATS end of the USB Module should be connected to either the Power Out connector on the last house or the Power In connector on the first house e The other end of the USB Module should be connected with the supplied USB cable to the computer with the ecoCAD Energy Monitoring Software running e Setup the houses in an area where students can shine lights on the solar panels Indoors or where the sunlight can reach the solar panels without any shade or other obstructions Outdoors e Attach the water pump wires to the right most house on the ACC OUT push terminals Make sure to observe polarity white is positive black is negative s CATS Cable E O USB Module ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 31 eco cad design group DOING THE EXPERIMENT NOTE This experiment CANNOT be done effectively indoors It should be done outdoors in bright sun 10 11 12 13 14 15 Make sure that all the switches on all the houses are OFF Also make sure that there is water in the reservoir for the water pump to pump Set the switch that s connected to the water pump ON Set both the solar panel switches ON Begin with one house and progress to switch more solar panels ON for the other houses
26. lage is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 12 eco cad design group Indoors NOTE Do the following for each house 1 Set both the solar panel switches ON 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Set both the LED switches ON Set the Battery and Fan switches OFF We are now about to power the LEDs from just the solar panels Shine a light on the solar panels and watch how the LEDs go from bright to dim as the light moves across the solar panels Now set both the LED switches and all other switches on the right side of the board to OFF on all houses Set the Battery and both solar panel switches ON We are now about to charge the batteries without any loads like LEDs and Fans on them Shine the light directly on the solar panels for about 10 minutes This should be enough time to charge the battery a little After 10 minutes set both the solar panels switches OFF but leave the Battery switch ON Monitor the battery voltage on the Energy Monitoring software The batteries must be charged to at least 3 volts for the following part of the experiment to work If the voltage is less than 3 volts keep shining the lights on the solar panels until the voltage is 3 volts or greater Set one of the LED switches ON Notice that the left two ceiling LEDs illuminate Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Set the second LED
27. n for this experiment You can also use the hand held LED lights but they don t produce much power Computer running the ecoCAD Real Time Energy Monitoring software Printer optional Wind turbine and connecting cable Remote Control docking station remote control unit electric car and connecting cable Table fan for the wind turbine EXPERIMENT SETUP Attach the Wind Turbine connecting cable wires to the ACC IN left most terminals as shown above with the white wire on the left terminal and the braded wire on the right Connect the other end of the cable to the underside of the wind turbine Attach the Remote Control docking station cable wires to the ACC OUT right most terminals as shown with the white wire on the left and the braded wire on the right Connect the other end of the cable to the front of the docking station as shown ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 24 eco cad design group DOING THE EXPERIMENT 10 11 12 13 14 15 using only the Wind Turbine Make sure that the wind turbine and the Remote Control docking station are connected as described in the Experiment Setup If you have multiple houses connected together attach the wind turbine to the ACC IN terminals on the far left house and the Remote Control docking station to the ACC OUT terminals on the far right house This will allow
28. nding how time is measured one hour 3600 seconds so one watt hour 3600 watt seconds or 3600 Joules Energy is measured in watt hours or watt seconds or Joules a watt second What is a Power Source For these experiments a power source is a device that produces both electrical voltage and current One power source a wind turbine uses mechanical and magnetic energy to generate voltage and current Solar panels batteries and fuel cells use chemical means to generate power The equation for power is shown below P E l Where P Power in watts E Voltage in volts Current in amps ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 40 eco cad design group What is a Load A load is a device like a light bulb LED or fan that accepts the power coming from a power source and may use the power to do work like spin a motor or illuminate a light In all cases loads are used to both consume and regulate the power being produced Generally speaking a load is measured as resistance whose units are in ohms In relative terms a light load has a large resistance and a heavy load has a small resistance This may be counter intuitive but it isthe case nevertheless For example a 100 ohm resistor presents a lighter load to a circuit as compared with a 10 ohm resistor And a typical transistor radio presents a lig
29. oming out of the wall socket is AC Both have their applications in electronic circuits Current is measured in units called amperes or amps and sometimes milliamps What is Resistance Electrical resistance can be compared to a corroded water pipe If the water pipe is wide and clear of corrosion the resistance is minimal because more water can flow If a water pipe is narrow and corroded resistance is greater since water cannot flow because of the internal barriers to it A garden hose has a higher resistance to water flow as compared with a fire hose since for a given amount of water pressure voltage in electrical terms less water or current in electrical terms can flow through the garden hose as compared with a fire hose Like the larger fire hose larger wires can carry more electrical current as compared with smaller wires In electrical circuit boards components called resistors are inserted in the circuit to limit current flow The resistance to the flow of electrons depends on the type and size of the materials used While water flowing in a pipe does not generally produce heat by itself electrical resistive materials produce varying degrees of heat created by the flow of electrons through the material Heat is generally considered wasted energy as in a hot light bulb but not always as in a toaster or hair dryer where heat from resistance is the desired quantity Resistance is measured in units called ohms ecoSTE
30. onstrates that the height of the water level is directly proportional to the solar wind or battery energy applied to the Grid EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES e Students will use the Scientific Process to perform the experiment e Students will collect and analyze data e Students will learn how a water pump works e Students will learn how to use the switches to connect power sources and loads TURN THE BATTERIES OFF Unless otherwise asked to do in the following experiments TURN OFF the batteries at all times If the batteries are left ON they will drain through the solar panels or loads ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Wear your safety glasses during the preparation for and execution of all the experiments ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 30 eco cad design group EQUIPMENT e ecoSTEM Village Houses at least two connected together more if possible e Two or more 60 to 300 watt incandescent or halogen bulb lamps don t use a fluorescent lamp it will not generate enough illumination for this experiment e Computer running the ecoCAD Real Time Energy Monitoring software e Water pump attached to a water source and measuring tube e Printer optional EXPERIMENT SETUP e Connect at least two 2 houses together with the supplied CAT5 cable from Power Out to Power In connect more houses together th
31. pack even with artificial light But when our solar panels are connected to the batteries by switching on the solar panel AND the battery switches the battery acts as a current reservoir and reduces the solar panel voltage down to whatever the battery voltage is at any given time That s basically why the solar panels have little or no effect on the overall voltage readings when the batteries are in the circuit However If the solar panels were larger OR If the solar panels on the houses are exposed to direct sunlight the results will be different with the solar panel voltage becoming more than the battery voltage In either case it s all about current more than voltage With direct sunlight more current is delivered from the solar panels thus they become as strong as the batteries in terms of maintaining their individual voltages You and the students can learn more about voltage current and resistance the three basic components of electricity from the reference at the end of this manual called How Electricity Works ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 22 eco cad Adding a Wind Turbine and Electric Car EXPERIMENT OVERVIEW This experiment shows how to connect a wind turbine and electric car to the Power Grid In addition to the solar panels and rechargeable batteries the wind turbine is used to ad
32. r Notice that the fan being ON causes the LEDs to get slightly dimmer If the sun is very bright you may have to shade some of the solar panels to see this This is an example of a brownout because the solar power has to be shared between both houses to light all the LEDs and run the fan and there may not be enough solar power to do this especially if the day is overcast You can confirm this by looking at the voltage current and power on the computer plots they should be lower than before Capture an image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Next switch on the second fan and notice that the first fan runs slower and that the LEDs get even dimmer If the sun is very bright you may have to shade some of the solar panels to see this This is another example of a brownout because the solar power has to be shared between both houses to light all the LEDs and run the fans and there may not be enough solar power to do this Finally shade the solar panels on both houses until the LEDs go OUT and the fans either run very slowly or not at all This is an example of a blackout because there is not enough power to supply the LEDs and the fan a Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 8 eco cad design group STUDENT EXERCISES Power Grid Simulation 1 Inthis experiment
33. r during inclement weather when it s hot and people are using air conditioners and other appliances to stay cool An air conditioner is basically a motor pump that uses a lot of electricity With many of them on the grid at the same time the power plant can t keep up with their combined electrical demand so the main circuit breakers trip and interrupt the power going to the grid Power is normally restored within a few minutes to a few hours after the power plants either 1 are able to make more power to supply to the grid or 2 bring on spare power from nearby power plants that have more capacity Preventing brownouts and blackouts are fairly simple Just make sure to use less power hungry appliances Turn off air conditioners or set them so that they don t turn ON as much when it warms up which causes the unit to use more power Setting an air conditioner at 78 degrees instead of 68 degrees will help prevent a lot of brownouts and blackouts Also during a brownout of blackout turn off all unnecessary appliances like fans lights washers and dryers computers televisions computers etc This will reduce the electrical load on the power plant and will allow power to be restored much sooner ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 10 eco cad design group Battery Energy Storage EXPERIMENT OVERVIEW The experiment explains how sola
34. r power can be stored in rechargeable batteries It also demonstrates how a battery smoothes out the variations in normal solar panel energy and effectively acts as an energy sponge that stores intermittent power i e power that isn t constant The experiment goes on to demonstrates why battery energy storage is important for a normal power grid EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES e Students will use the Scientific Process to perform the experiment e Students will collect and analyze data e Students will observe the photovoltaic effect of sunlight and artificial light to produce electricity from solar panels e Students will learn how rechargeable batteries store solar power and why they are important to the Power Grid concept e Students will learn how to use the switches to connect power sources and loads TURN THE BATTERIES OFF Unless otherwise asked to do in the following experiments TURN OFF the batteries at all times If the batteries are left ON they will drain through the solar panels or loads ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES Wear your safety glasses during the preparation for and execution of all the experiments ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 11 eco cad design group EQUIPMENT e ecoSTEM Village Houses at least two connected together more if possible e Two or more 60 to 300 watt inc
35. ribes By shining the light on the solar panels the battery received more electrons when the light was brightly shining as compared to when the light was not applied directly to the solar panels But it still stored up all the electrons it was given and then released them back into the LEDs and fans when they were turned ON Once the electrons were used up the battery went dead For a real solar panel installation like on a house having batteries to smooth out the power and provide power when the sun isn t shining is very important For example most homes use their power in the early morning and evening when the sun isn t shining If the home also had a battery backup system installed along with the solar panels then the appliances could use power from the batteries in the morning and evening The batteries would recharge during the day when most of the appliances are not running This is why the ecoSTEM Village has rechargeable batteries to demonstrate this important concept of energy storage and reuse when the energy is actually needed and not just when it s being produced by sunlight Plus with a solar powered battery backup system your house can operate electrical appliances even during a brownout or blackout for hours days and even weeks on end ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 17 eco cad design group Attach
36. s and LEDs to add more loads to the power grid ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 27 eco cad design group STUDENT EXERCISES Adding a Wind Turbine and Electric Car Explain why the wind turbine blades slowed down when the ceiling fan was turned ON Explain why it took longer to charge the electric car when more and more fans were turned ON ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 28 eco cad design group TEACHER NOTES ANALYZING THE RESULTS Adding a Wind Turbine and Electric Car While this experiment seemed simple enough to perform there s a lot to explain about what happened Let s look at two of the fundamental questions 1 Why did the wind turbine blades slow down when one or more ceiling fans were turned ON and 2 Why did it take longer to charge the electric car when the fans were ON For both questions the house ceiling fans present a heaver load on the only power source available at the time namely the wind turbine At the same time the wind turbine had only one fundamental power source the table fan So if more power is required from the wind turbine then the wind from the table fan needs to increase But in our experiment it didn t it stayed at one speed so something had to give and what gave is the wind t
37. s and or any tests or experiments done with them These plans are not warranted for fitness for any particular purpose Users of these plans assume all responsibility for their safe and effective use By using these plans you agree to these terms ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 2 ecoSTEM Village Experiments Required Equipment Each ecoSTEM Village contains all these parts amp curriculum for up to 8 students 3 ecoSTEM House Kits with 2 solar panels 3 rechargeable batteries 4 ceiling LEDs ceiling fan 8 switch aggregator board amp cable to connect houses together amp to your Windows computer with Real Time Energy Monitoring amp Data Logging software 3 Blade Wind Turbine amp Remote Controlled Electric Car Energy Monitoring amp Data Logging Software Miniature a Water Pump Two 27 LED Lights amp Two 27 LED Lights amp Two 27 LED Lights amp Multi Function Meter Multi Function Meter Multi Function Meter per house per house per house You can add more houses to the grid at anytime Energy Monitoring Software Real Time Energy Monitoring Software User Manual By ecoCAD Design Group LLO H Refer to the Real Time Energy Monitoring Software User Manual for information on installing and using the software Manual http www ecocaddesigngroup com downloads Video ht
38. switch ON Notice that the right two ceiling LEDs illuminate The LEDs may be dimmer since they are using more of the battery s available power Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 13 eco cad design group 17 Set the Fan switch ON 18 Notice the extra power being used on the software plot Also the LEDs may go OUT when the Fan is ON This is normal for a low battery charge 19 Watch the voltage current and power plots on the Energy Monitor software and notice how long it takes for the battery to drain to nearly zero volts Outdoors NOTE Do the following for each house 1 Set both the solar panel switches ON 2 Set both the LED switches ON 3 Set the Battery and Fan switches OFF 4 Weare now about to power the LEDs from just the solar panels 5 Expose the solar panels to direct sun 6 With your hands or a sheet of paper shade the solar panels so that the LEDs go from bright to dim as the solar panels are shaded 7 Nowset both the LED switches OFF 8 Set the Batter and both solar panel switches ON 9 Weare now about to charge the batteries without any loads like LEDs and Fans on them 10 Allow the solar panels to charge for about 5 minutes This should be enough time to charge the battery a little 11 After 5 minutes set both the solar panel swit
39. tage while some fuel cells use electrons in hydrogen gas to create voltage Solar panels use optical means to capture the sun s photons and wind turbines use rotating magnets that are very close to coils of wire that generate voltage based on the magnetic field created by the magnet s rotation Voltage is measured in units called volts What is Current Electrical current is to electricity as the volume not pressure of water is to water flow A fire hose can carry more water compared with a clogged shower head So too can lager wires carry more current as compared with smaller wires Electrical current carries electrons along a path called a circuit like water carries water molecules through a hose More electrons mean more current flow A fF the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Vile 12 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 37 Copyright 20 eco cad design group Water normally flows from upstream to downstream using gravity as a force Electrical current normally flows from positive to negative which is called direct current or DC for short but gravity is not involved Unlike water electrical current can flow in either direction positive to negative and negative to positive The latter is usually called alternating current or AC since the current switches alternates between positive and negative directions Electrical current produced by batteries are DC while electrical current c
40. the solar panels without any shade or other obstructions Outdoors e The computer is optional for this experiment ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 19 eco cad BACKGROUND fii House House Power Load From Switches amp Switches amp To Previous Terminals Terminals Fan LED 2 g i The Aggregator Board is electrically divided into a Left and Right side The Left side has four toggle switches and terminals that control the rechargeable batteries and solar panel attachment to the grid along with the ACC IN terminals and toggle switch The Right side has four toggle switches and terminals that allow LEDs and ceiling fans called Loads to use the voltage from the grid plus the ACC OUT terminals and toggle switch The Left side terminal switches on each Aggregator Board are electrically isolated from the Right side The Left four terminal switches connect the input power to the grid as they are switched ON Once this input power reaches the common grid it is combined with the electricity flowing in from the Left and Right sides of all the other houses that are connected to the grid The Right side terminal switches are all connected to the loads like LEDs and ceiling fans The common grid connects from house to house with the CATS cables House 1 Left House 2 Left House 3 Left S
41. the wind turbine to power the entire grid of houses and charge the electric car at the end of the grid Set the switches that are underneath the wind turbine to ON Set all the other switches on all the other houses to OFF Place the table fan facing the wind turbine and turn the fan ON to make the wind turbine blades spin Clear the computer screen by clicking on the Trash can icon Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Note the voltage generated by the wind turbine on the computer plots Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon On one of the houses set both the LED switches ON and verify that the LEDs illuminate If they don t illuminate then adjust the fan speed and or fan position to make the wind turbine generate more electricity It takes a minimum of 3 0 volts to illuminate the LEDs Next switch ON ALL of the LED switches on all the houses Verify that all the LEDs are illuminated using only the power from the wind turbine Now switch ON a ceiling fan on any house and verify that it spins Also verify that all the LEDs are still illuminated but may be dimmer due to the fact that most of the wind turbine s power is going into the ceiling fan Capture a screen image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 25 eco cad design group
42. tp www ecocaddesigngroup com videos l 2 pem ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 3 eco cad design group ecoSTEM Village Experiments A collection of renewable energy experiments about how Power Grids work and how to make them work better The Experiments Each experiment is designed to take an average of one class period to perform Power Grid Simulation e Linking houses together into an electrical grid e Sharing power among houses e Simulating brownouts and blackouts Rechargeable Battery Energy Storage e Smoothing out power surges with the house batteries e Rechargeable batteries as an Energy Sponge Attach a Meter to Monitor the House Voltage e See how much voltage each house produces Adding a Wind Turbine and Electric Car e See how much power you can generate from the wind to go into the houses e Dotime trials on your electric car that s charged from solar wind or batteries Adding a Water Pump e See how high your water fountain can go with solar and wind energy ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 4 eco cad design group Power Grid Simulation EXPERIMENT OVERVIEW ii This experiment demonstrates how connecting multiple houses together can form an electrical power grid that
43. urbine blades slowed down Have the students think of it this way It s like riding a bicycle up a hill As the hill gets steeper the bicycle slows down accordingly Why Because the only power source for the bicycle is the rider him or herself The same is true for the wind turbine The only power source is the table fan and as more loads are added fans the virtual hill gets steeper and thus the spinning blades slow down As for the extra time it took to charge the electric car this is due to the fact that the ceiling fans drained away considerable power from the grid so it takes longer to fully charge the electric car at least this is what s supposed to happen Your results may vary in so far as the Remote Control docking station may or may not measure the total amount of power needed to charge the internal super capacitor in the electric car but this is what s supposed to occur Again this is an interesting experiment to perform so give it a chance to work by repeating it several times to see if the results match this explanation ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 29 eco cad design group Adding a Water Pump EXPERIMENT OVERVIEW This experiment demonstrates how adding or taking power away can cause a water fountain to pump water either higher or lower A water pump puts an extra load on the Power Grid and dem
44. what happens Outdoors Note Make sure that the houses are in bright sun or if it s overcast that an even amount of sunlight is shining on the solar panels of all the houses 1 Onthe house connected to the USB Module switch ON the House Roof solar panels Input 3 amp Input 4 and the left and Right LED groups 2 Clear the computer screen by clicking on the Trash can icon ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 Allrights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 7 10 11 12 13 eco cad design group With just the solar panels and LEDs of the first house ON notice the computer plots of the voltage current and power Capture an image by clicking on the S Screen Capture icon Next switch ON the House Roof solar panels on the second house Don t switch on anymore LEDs yet Notice that the LEDs on the first house get brighter You can confirm this by looking at the voltage current and power on the computer plots they should be higher Capture an image by clicking on the Screen Capture icon Now switch ON the LEDs on the second house Notice that the first house LEDs may get dimmer This is because the solar power has to be shared between both houses to light all the LEDs but the solar energy from the sun may be strong enough to keep the LEDs at the same brightness level Turn ON a fan on either house the first or second it doesn t matte
45. witches Terminals Switches Terminals Switches Terminals ACCN Battery PTE Solar 2 EN ACCN Battery Solar 1 Solar 2 a z g m g g T J House 1 Right House 2 Right House 3 Right Switches Terminals Switches Terminals Switches Terminals ecoSTEM Village is a product of the ecoCAD Design Group LLC Copyright 2012 2014 All rights reserved www ecoStemHouse com 20 DOING THE EXPERIMENT Indoors or Outdoors Make sure that the voltmeter is connected as described in the Experiment Setup on each of the houses Verify that all other switches on ALL the houses are OFF except the one attached to the ACC IN terminals the one connected to the voltmeter On the first house any house will do set both the solar panel switches ON and shine some light on both the solar panels Verify that the meter reading changes with the light levels Again on the first house leave the solar panel switches ON and then set the Battery switch ON and verify that the voltmeter reading stays steady even if light is shining on the solar panels Note If you re outdoors try shading the solar panels and notice how little if any the meter voltage changes with the Battery switch ON 6 10 11 12 On the first house set both the solar panel and Battery switches to OFF and verify that the voltmeter reads 00 00 or nearly so On any of the other houses connected to the grid set the Battery switch O
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