User Manual APPA 71/72/73
Contents
1. T1 T2 Voc Vac iE si ace See R pe E _LE When T1 T2 The Voc value is the Vrms value of a Vac signal According the definition of physical meaning we can derive the mathematic operation procedure to get a RMS value of a signal as following Root lt Mean lt Square the signal 28 Terms In The Specification Average sensing RMS calibrated technical Most digital multimeters use an average sensing RMS calibrated technique of an electrical average circuit to measure RMS value of AC signals This technique is scaling the output average value of the average sensing circuit by the ratio of RMS value to average value for sine wave the ratio is 1 11 Unfortunately this ratio varies widely as a function of the wave form it will give grossly incorrect results in many cases The table shows a few representative examples comparing RMS to average Waveform Crest Fac True rms Average Re of Read Type 1 Volt tor Vpeak sponding ing Error Peak Ampli V rms Circuit Cali Using Av tude brated rms erage Re Value of Sine sponding Waves Will Circuit Read Al 1 414 0 707V 0 707V 0 11 0 Rectangular Pulse Train of Reading Error Average Responding Value True rms Value x 100 True rms Value 29 Terms In The Specification True RMS technical The true RMS technique multimeter use the RMS mathematic operation proce2. User EEL Fer Sf ONE SESS FO g SA we APPA 71 72 73 Safety Alert Symbol A READ and UNDERSTAND all safety alert symbols A in this manual Failure to read and understand safety instructions can result in INJURY or DEATH Limited Warranty This meter is warranted to the original purchaser against de fects in material and workmanship for 1 year from the date of purchase During this warranty period Manufacturer will at its option replace or repair the defective unit subject to verifica tion of the defect or malfunction This warranty does not cover fuses disposable batteries or damage from abuse neglect accident unauthorized repair alteration contamination or abnormal conditions of operation or handling Any implied warranties arising out of the sale of this product including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantabil ity and fitness for a particular purpose are limited to the above The manufacturer shall not be liable for loss of use of the instrument or other incidental or consequential damages expenses or economic loss or for any claim or claims for such damage expense or economic loss Some states or countries laws vary so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you APPA TECHNOLOGY CORP http www appatech com Table of Contents Title EEGI a E E A E T AWarning
3. Functions amp Power On Off A amp A for 72 amp 73 only A Input for 72 amp 73 only 4 HZVO HAD Input COMMON Input Common Ground reference Input Terminal for all functions Making Basic Measurements Making Basic Measurements Preparation and Caution Before Measurement A Observe the rules of A Warnings and A Cautions When connecting the test leads to the DUT Device Under Test connect the common COM test lead before connect ing the live lead when removing the test leads removing the test live lead before removing the common test lead The figures on the following pages show how to make basic measurements Measuring AC DC Voltage And Frequency The non zero display reading is normal when the meter test leads are open which will not affect actural measurement accuracy The meter will show zero or close to reading when the test leads are shorted In reading AC voltage or current reading settling time increases to several seconds at the low end of AC voltage and current ranges in rms models 10 Making Basic Measurements Measuring Resistance ASSASSINS SSS SNS s 4 A TE Bi Caution ea VAP POPPA PAL APA ALLL AAPL ALAA PLAS To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to the equip ment under test disconnect circuit power and discharge all high voltage capacitors before measuring resistance
4. and ACaution Alert Symbol Statements Warning and Cautions eannenannnnenneennennnennnnnnenneenne Symbols as Marked on The Meter Symbols and Terms in The Manual Safety Compliance And Certification Safety Compliance ccccceeeeeeseeee ee Safety Certification Introduction 01cceeeeeeees Unpacking and Inspection ag Environmental Conditions 0cccccceeeeeeeeeeceeeeneeeenenees The Meter Description Making Basic Measurements 1 c10ec1e00 Preparation and Caution Before Measurement Measuring AC DC Voltage and Frequency Measuring Resistance 0 00 cc0cce a Measuring DC pA and AC DC A Current 1cceeeneee ee Measuring Capacitance 0 cccceeeeeeeeee i Testing for Diode and Continuity Feature ssisssoscissrssosssrssrssssssnst Features Description y Features Available vs Functions 0 00cccceeceeeeeeee eee ee eee Using The Features 1 1 ccecceecceeeeeeceeceeseeeenenseeeeesene Manual Ranging and Auto Ranging 0 c1cccseeeeneeeeaee Min Max Recording Mode RS 232 oc eis eines ed Display Hold Backlight x 20 008 Acs ot Geet he Auto Power Off Battery Saver Disable Auto Power Off Maintenance Cleaning and Storage Fuse Replacement Battery Replacement Trouble Shooting Basic Trouble Shooting ya Testing
5. in the manual Oo gt Double Insulation protection against electric shock Conforms to European Union directives Safety Symbols and Terms in The Manual Symbols A Caution Risk of Danger Warning Identifies hazardous conditions and actions that could cause BODILY HARM or DEATH A Caution Identifies conditions and actions that could DAMAGE the meter or equipment under test Fuse Terms CAT Level Over Voltage Category Level indicates measure ment can be performed at which measuring circuit level The different level measuring circuit has different high transient stresses voltage PER IEC 1010 OVERVOLTAGE INSTALLATION CATEGORY OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY I Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY I is equipment for connection to circuits in which measurements are taken to limit the transient overvoltage to an appropriate low level Note examples include protected electronic circuits OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is energy consuming equipment to be supplied from this fixed installation OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is equipment in fixed installations Note examples include switches in this fixed installation and some equipment for industrial use with permanent connection to the fixed installation OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY IV Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATRGORY IV is for use at the origin of the installations Note examples include electricity meters and
6. once the auTo indicator turns off Press Range button to select the appropriate range for measurement you want to make Press Range button and hold for 1 second to return to Autorange MIN MAX Record 2503 m2507 Pesme Press mi gt Gull Press Press gt 14sec IIE Press gt 1sec IIH 17 Using The Features Note Press HOLD button in MIN MAX mode to make the Meter stop updating the maximum and minimum value When display Hold mode is nested in MIN MAX mode the MIN MAX mode must be released before the display Hold RS232 For 73 only Press mi iu Press Display Hold Press mi ui Press Note Press the Hold button to toggle in and out of the display Hold mode The MAX MIN feature is unavailable when display Hold is active 18 Using The Features Backlight For 73 only yor Press ump lt u Press Note Press the Backliaht Button gt to toggle in and out the display backlight Auto Power Off Battery Saver up Note If the Meter idles for more than 10 minutes the Meter automatically turns the power off When this happens the LCD displaying state of the Meter is saved The Meter can be turned back on by pushing any button the LCD displays the saved state Pushing Hold button to disables the hold state Any button pressed or rotary change resets the time of Auto Power OFF 19 Mainte
7. primary over current protection equipment Safety Compliance And Certification PER IEC1010 Pollution degree POLLUTION Addition of foreign matter solid liquid or gaseous ionized gases that may produce a reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity POLLUTION degree For the purpose of evaluating spacing of this product the following degrees of POLLUTION in the microenvironment are defined POLLUTION DEGREE 1 No POLLUTION or only dry non conductive POLLUTION occurs The POLLUTION has no influence POLLUTION DEGREE 2 Normal POLLUTION only non conductive POLLUTION occurs Occasionally however a temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be expected POLLUTION DEGREE 3 Conductive POLLUTION occurs or dry non conductive POLLUTION occurs which becomes conductive due to con densation which is expected NOTE In such conditions equipment is normally protected against exposure to direct sunlight precipitation and full wind pressure but neither temperature nor humidity is controlled Safety Compliance And Certification Safety compliance The Meter conform to CENELEC LVD Low Voltage rective 73 23 EEC and EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility directive 89 336 EEC The Meter meet the requirements to IEC 61010 1 2001 EN 61010 1 2001 UL 3111 1 Jan 1994 CSA C22 2 NO 1010 1 92 A2 Feb 1997 Safety Certification C 7 Introduction Introduction Unpacking and Inspection Upon r
8. the Fuse and Test Leads 1cceeeeneeeeeeneeee ees SPOCHICATION iii iocasiesi ea ddbeds suitesde cascatenstaiaxsitdccasewsaices General Specification eon Electrical Specification 00 c10cccscecenceeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeenennens Terms in the Specification 1 1 02 cccceceeeeeeteeeeeeneeeeteneeeees Safety Safety A Warning and Caution Alert Symbol Statement A Warning Alert Symbol A AWarning Statement identifies hazardous conditions and actions that could cause BODILY HARM or DEATH A Caution Alert Symbol A ACaution Statement identifies conditions and actions that could DAMAGE the Meter or the equip ment under test A Warnings and A Cautions r A Warnings e When using test leads or probes keep your fingers behind the finger guards e Remove test lead from Meter before opening the battery door or Meter case Safety Use the Meter only as specified in this manual or the protection by the Meter might be impaired Always use proper terminals switch position and range for measurements Never attempt a voltage measurement with the test lead inserted into the A input terminal Verify the Meter s operation by measuring a known voltage If in doubt have the Meter serviced Do not apply more than the rated voltage as marked on Meter between terminals or between any terminal and earth ground Do not attempt a current measurement wh
9. to do so and have the relevant calibration performance test and service information Basic Trouble Shooting If the Meter fails first check the battery the battery connection fuse test leads and replace as necessary Review this manual to make sure that you are operating the Meter correctly Testing the Fuse and Test Leads Testing the fuse and test leads as shown below Testing the Fuse Testing the Test Leads 22 Specification Specification General Specifications Display 6000 counts updates 1 5 sec Polarity Indication Automatic positive implied negative indicated Overrange Indication OL or OL Low Battery Indication Es is displayed when the battery voltage drops below operating voltage Auto Power Off Approx 10 minutes Operating Ambient Non condensing lt 10 C 11 C 30 C lt 80 R H 31 C 40 C lt 75 R H 41 C 50 C lt 45 R H Storage Temperature 20 C to 60 C 0 to 80 R H when battery removed from Meter Temperature Coefficient 0 15 x Spec Acc y C lt 18 C or gt 28 C Power Requirements 1 5V x 2 IEC LRO3 AM4 or AAA size for APPA71 Standard 9V battery NEDA 1604 IEC6F22 JISOO6P for APPA72 73 Battery Life Alkaline 300 hours Dimensions W x H x D 76mm x 158mm x 38mm without holster 82mm x 164mm x 44mm with holster Accessories Battery installed Test leads and User manual 23 Specifi
10. Note The Meter provides an open voltage lt 1 5V to the cir cuit under test that causes the diode transistor junction to con duct so it is better to disconnect the resistance from the circuit to get a correct measurement The resistance of test leads is about 0 1Q 0 2 To test the leads resistance touch the probe tips together for accuracy measurement in low resistance Ruwknown R MEASUREMENT Rrest LEAD 11 Making Basic Measurements Measuring DC pA DC A AC A Current DCA ACA for 72 73 only o Disconnect Ai GOON ORO IORIO NCR DIONO MORO NNI NOI NOI O ION ONT IOI ION INS A A Warning VAPPAPPPP LALA LALA LALA LALA LALLA LOL OD ANNANN Never attempt an in circuit measurement where the open circuit potential to earth potential is greater than 500V for example a 3 phase system measurement you may damage the Meter or be injured 12 Making Basic Measurements aoa E A Caution VAPPPAPAPPA LALLA LALA RARA ARAARA ARAA To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to the equip ment under test check the Meter s fuses before measur ing current Use the proper terminals function and range for your measurement Never place the probes across in parallel with any circuit or component when the leads are plugged into the current terminals When measuring current the Meter acts like an impedance such as 0 01 Q at AC DC A approximately 1 5KQ a
11. Overload protection 600 0 2 6 000KQ 0 7 2 dgt 60 00KQ 600V rms 600 0KQ 6 000MQ 1 0 2 dgt 60 00MQ 1 1 5 2 dgt Open circuit Voltage 1 3V approx 1 lt 100 dgt rolling 2 lt 10 dgt rolling 25 Specification 4 Diode Check and Continuity For 0 4V 0 8V Max Test Current 1 5mA Max Open Circuit Voltage 3V Overload Protection 600V rms Continuity Built in buzzer sounds when resistance is less than approximately 500 Q Response time is approximately 100 msec 5 Frequency 6000Hz 60 00KHz 100mV rms 600 0KHz Frequency 0 1 1 digit 6 000MHz 250mV rms Overload Protection 600V rms Less than 20Hz the sensitivity is 1 5V rms Max Sensitivity lt 5 Vac rms 26 Specification 6 Capacitance 6 000UF 1 9 8 dgt 60 00UF 6 000mF Overload Protection 600V rms lt 100 dgt of reading rolling 7 Auto Power Off APO If the Meter idles for more than 10 minutes the Meter auto matically turns the power off 27 Terms In The Specification Terms In The Specification RMS The physical meaning of RMS Root lt Mean lt Square If the heat energy temperature in a resistor produced by a AC signal during the periodic time T is the same as pro duced by a DC signal during the same time T then we know The DC signal value is the RMS value of the AC signal
12. arge the high voltage capacitors through an appropriate resistance load Note Use the diode test to check the semiconductor junction is good or bad The Meter sends a current through the semiconductor junction to measure the voltage drop across the junction A good junction drops between 0 4 V to 0 9 V 15 Features Features Feature Description The Meter has Features Display Hold Freezes the display Min Max Hold Record the Max or Min reading of the display Range Selects the manual ranging mode The default mode is Automatic Range RS232 An optical isolated interface output for data com munication for 73 only Backlight gt s LCD display backlight for 73 only APO Auto Power Off Battery Saver The Meter automatically enters Sleep Mode and blanks the display if the Meter is not used for 10 minutes Press any of the feature buttons or change the rotary switch position to reset the time of APO When RS232 output is active the APO is disabled Features Available vs Functions aV V Q Pt A ft Hz vA A HOLD MIN MAX HOLD O 16 Using The Features Using The Features Manual Ranging and Auto Ranging s03 2503 250 o EO BE Press mi gt Press mp Press IDE Press gt 1sec Iiii Press gt 1sec IHN Press gt 1sec NIN Note The Range button is pressed to select manual ranging and to change ranges When the Range button is pressed
13. cation Electrical Specifications Accuracy is reading number of digits at 23 C 5 C less than 80 R H 1 DC AC Volts DC Accuracy AC Accuracy 600 0mV 50Hz 60Hz sine wave only for 0 5 2dgt 600 0mV range 0 9 5dgt 600 0V 50Hz 500Hz DC1000V AC750V Over voltage protection DC1000 V or AC 750 Vrms Input Impedance 10MQ less than 100pF CMRR NMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio Normal Mode Rejection Ratio Vac CMRR gt 60dB at DC 50Hz 60Hz Voc CMRR gt 100dB at DC 50Hz 60Hz NMRR gt 50 B at DC 50Hz 60Hz AC Conversion Type 71 Average sensing rms indication 72 173 AC conversions are ac coupled true rms responding calibrated to the sine wave input 1 The basic accuracy is specified for a sine wave below 4000 counts Over 4000 counts add 0 6 to the accuracy For a non sine waves below 2000 counts refer to the follow ing for accuracy 1 5 addition error for C F from 1 4 to 3 Crest Factor C F Peak RMS 24 Specification 2 DC AC Current Range DC Accuracy AC Accuracy voltage 600 0uA N A lt 4mV pA 6000A 1 0 2 dgt 6 000A 2 1 5 5 dgt 50Hz 500Hz 2V max 10 00A 2 4 Overload Protection A input 10A 500V fast blow fuse UA input 600V rms 1 AC Conversion Type Conversion type and additional specification are same as DC AC Voltage 2 For 72 amp 73 only 3 Resistance Range Accuracy
14. dures in the electric circuit to obtain the true RMS value So the true RMS measurement is independent of the wave form of the signal under test normally The applications for true RMS measurement for example is the measurement of the energy content of SCR waveforms at differing firing angles and measurement of noise and meas urement of distorted waveforms with the presence of harmon ics The harmonics in the main circuit may cause circuit break ers to trip prematurely and transformers to overheat motors to burn out fuses to blow faster than normal and BUS bars and electrical panels to vibrate and neutrals of three phase system to overheat AC AC DC coupling true RMS AC coupling true RMS Measures the energy of the AC component only in a signal For example measures the noise energy on a DC signal AC DC coupling true RMS Measures the total energy in a signal For example measures the dissipative energy on a SCR thyristor used to control the brightness of a bulb A voltage signal with AC component and DC component can be expressed as Vas acepc V Vrms ac Voc Crest Factor The definition of Crest Factor CF CF Vpeax Vrms A wave form with higher order harmonics has a big CF value Normally the CF value implies the ability of a true RMS mul timeter to test the sharp wave form or distorted wave form 30 Terms In The Specification CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio The CMRR is the ability of a
15. emoving your new Digital Multimeter from its packing you should have the following items 1 Digital Multimeter 2 Test lead set one black on red 3 User Manual 4 Protective holster Environmental Conditions This product is safe at least under the following conditions 1 Indoor Use 2 Altitude up to 2000 Meter 3 Operating Temperature and Relative Humidity Non condensing lt 10 C 11 C 30 C lt 80 R H 31 C 40 C lt 75 R H 41 C 50 C lt 45 R H 4 Storage Temperature and Relative Humidity 20 C 60 C 0 80 R H when battery removed from Meter 5 Pollution degree 2 6 Installation category The standard 70 series models meet the requirements for double insulation to IEC 61010 2001 EN61010 2001 UL3111 1 6 1994 CSA C22 2 NO 1010 1 92 to terminals V QINA Cat IV 600 Volts Cat I 1000V A Cat IV 500 Volts for 72 73 7 Shock Vibration Sinusoidal vibration per Mil T 28800E 5 55 Hz 3g maximum 8 Droop Protection 4 feet droop to hardwood on concrete floor Making Basic Measurements The Meter Description Front Panel Illustration 6000 counts LCD display Push buttons for features Rotary switch to turn the Power On or Off and to select a function Input Terminal for A current function For 72 amp 73 only Input Terminal for all functions EXCEPT current A functions om WN D Display Features RS232 amp Backlight for 73 only
16. en the open voltage is above the fuse protection rating Suspected open circuit voltage can be checked with voltage fun ction Only replace the blown fuse with the proper rating as specified in this manual Use caution with voltages above 30 Vac rms 42 Vac peak or 60 Vdc These voltages pose a shock hazard To avoid false readings that can lead to electric shock and injury replace battery as soon as low battery indi cator 43 appears Disconnect circuit power and discharge all high voltage capacitors before testing resistance continuity diodes or capacitance Do not use Meter around explosive gas or vapor To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock do not ex pose this product to rain or moisture A M Safety A Cautions Disconnect the test leads from the test points before changing the position of the function rotary switch Never connect a source of voltage with the function rotary switch in Q A Ht Hz position Do not expose Meter to extremes in temperature or high humidity Never set the meter in A function to measure the voltage of a power supply circuit in equipment that could result in damage the meter and the equipment under test Symbols as Marked on The Meter AC Alternating Current DC Direct Current le Caution Risk of Electric shock To alert you to the presence of a potentially hazardous voltage Caution Risk of Danger Refer to Warnings and A Cautions
17. multimeter to reject the Common Mode Voltage Vem The voltage present on both the COM and VOLTAGE input terminal with respect to earth ground The Vem normally comes from the electromagnetic interference of high voltage power source line or generators NMRR Normal Mode Rejection Ratio The NMRR is the ability of a multimeter to reject the unwanted AC noise Vym in DC measurement Burden Voltage Burden Voltage Vpurpen is voltage present on the CURRENT input terminal and COM terminal of a multimeter The presence of the Burden Voltage on the current under test flows through the impedance of the current sensing circuit of the multimeter The Burden Voltage will cause the measuring value to be less than the actual value For accurate measurements use the approxi mation described in the operation of Measuring Current 31 APPA TECHNOLOGY CORP 9F 119 1 Pao Zong Rd Shin Tien Taipai 23115 Taiwan R O C Tel 886 2 29178820 Fax 886 2 29170848 E MAIL info appatech com http www appatech com
18. nance Disable Auto Power Off Maintenance KUNNNNNANNNSNANNNN NANN SNNNSN NNNSNN BA Caution Q VAPPPPPPLP LPL PLP LL LLL LL LLP LL LLL LEAD e Do not attempt to repair this meter It contains no user serviceable parts Repair or servicing should only be performed by qualified personal e Failure to observe this precaution can result in injury and can damage the meter APPL Cleaning and storage Periodically wipe the housing with a damp cloth and mild detergent Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect readings If the Meter is not to be used for a long period more than 60 days remove the battery and store it separately 20 Maintenance Fuse Replacement For 72 amp 73 only Refer to the following figure to replace fuse ISSBpp assess sss sss nnn x 2 B A Caution Ea case aslesisspussincsldendoslisipldialaasiae e Use ONLY a fuse with the amperage interrupt voltage and speed rating specified e Fuse rating 10A 500V N Battery Replacement Refer to the following figure to replace the battery PerenenenanengnenenenNneNNNI NNN NNN NINN IIIT A eo B A Caution VAPPPPPP APPL LAPP LLP LAA LALLA e Replace the battery as soon as the low battery indicator Ea appears to avoid false reading e 71 Battery 1 5V x2 72 73 Battery 9V 21 Trouble Shooting Trouble Shooting Do not attempt to repair your Meter unless you are qualified
19. t DC pA in series with the circuit This loading effect of the Meter can cause measurement errors loading effect error especially in low impedance circuits For example To measure a 1 impedance circuit will cause a 1 measuring error The error percentage of the loading effect of the Meter is expressed as following 0 01 100 x ___ seo E Es Im Zeircuit Zcircuit 0 01 lt Ebpurden gt e or i EBurden 100 x _ __ _ gt AMMETER SHUNT Es DC pA input terminal is protected by a 1 5K PTC 600V rating resistance 13 Making Basic Measurements Measuring Capacitance r aiaia NONI CaU NNO NN NIN ORONO EN IDUOIONNIO ITM act Z Caution 2 VAPPPPPLAP APPL LA LLL LA ALLL LAA To avoid possible damage to the meter or to the equip ment under test disconnect circuit power and discharge all high voltage capacitors before measuring capacitance Use the DC voltage function to confirm that the capacitor discharged Note To improve the measurement accuracy of small value capacitor record the reading with the test leads open then substract the residual capacitance of the Meter and leads from measurement Cunknown C MEASUREMENT F C resipuaL 14 Making Basic Measurements Testing for Diode and Continuity Diode VANNOO OOOO NONCHI 17 Z Caution 2 VPAPPPPPLAL APL ALL ALL LL AAPL AAA LAA A For in circuit test turn circuit power off and disch
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