Home

User Manual - Artisan Technology Group

1. Figure 2 7 Receiver Status Indicators The status indicators include the alarms and errors detailed below The appropriate LED indicator will light for a minimum of 200 milliseconds when a corresponding alarm or error is detected Detected errors and alarms are stored as historical data The Receiver LOS Loss Of Signal alarm indicates that the 2 4 Gb s Input signal has not been detected for more than 2 microseconds The LOS alarm will be asserted no later than 127 microseconds after receiving the low signal all zero condition The Receiver LOF Loss Of Frame alarm indicates that more than 3 milliseconds of an out of frame condition has occurred The OOF Out Of Frame alarm indicates that more than 4 consecutive frames of the 2 4 Gb s signal has had frame alignment errors The B1 and B2 LEDs indicate that section or line respectively parity errors were detected The REI FEBE Remote Error Indication or Far End Block Error indicates that a non zero value in the Line FEBE byte M1 byte was detected The RDI FERF Remote Defect Indication or Far End Receive Failure alarm indicates that bits 6 7 and 8 of the K2 byte have been a binary 110 respectively for five or more consecutive frames The AIS Alarm Indication Signal indicates that bits 6 7 and 8 of the K2 byte have been a binary 111 respectively for five or more consecutive frames The 155 and 622 LEDs function in conjunction with the DROP SELECT key to indicate w
2. cccccseeseeereeeeereees 3 38 Receiver Drop Selectississc ccitissedsvsasescasd vs ae e FEE EEE a ETE ES 3 39 Previous VT100 Support in older ST2400 and ST2400A SONET sssssseseeessssesessese 3 39 Appendices Specifications SONET x ccsscesssccesccsscsesccenccsscnssvesecvenssneessovesacues suescueassbencseutesscesescestuaseonnves A 1 Incoming Inspection Test csccssccsscssscssscssscsssssssssssscssscssssesesecssecsssesssessseesseessessoess B 1 Factory Defaults ssi ccsscissscsocsancvsssisessnscoesscnneisecseesevssonessnnsoseoseasensvouesenassensoest sosbeseunsooscaseoes C 1 SDH for Reference 5 ccasicssscassssccessecsvssssecseccovsssconosscesheousdusssoeucesuveseseus vpvesosccesesscseoussuasooseces F 1 SONET Glossary and Standards ccsccssccsssssscssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssesssesees G 1 WOK siccssnscs sicecsstecesssvansesvoscousssonsvcsuessonssvedsdesesstounsscvussesasssieosvestesnseesnssesusseuaussseuccesasetosesesss I 1 vi ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual vii Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Safety Summary General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any equipment connected to it To avoid potential hazards use this prod
3. ccceecccesccssecssecseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeenseenseenseeneenaees 3 23 JO J Trace Capture amp Display esdccecssciexcssseasciscotsexseed seinir esaia ei eka Ea EOE E ESEE Eat 3 25 Ability to Edit MI BYytesnesssse oense E R EE ARE 3 27 Error Generation Menus SONET eessseessssesessossssoossssecessoeessosesesoosssseessosesesoossssoossese 3 28 B2 ot B3 Error Inject siessen E weapon 3 28 Inject Random BER on one Selectable Channel sesesseeseeeeeieseessesrsrrerererrsssrsrsrerrerse 3 31 Receiver Menus amp Displays sesesseeseseesereoeseesesoeseesoesereoeseeoesoeeeesonsereoeseeoesoeeerseeeesereeeeoesee 3 32 Error Measurements Receiver cccccccccccssscecessececesssececsseeceeseeecsessececssseececsieteeeaas 3 32 Error Measurement Details 00 cceceesescceseeseeseceeeeeceeeecaeceeesecaeesecneveceaeeeseeeeaeeeeeaeeates 3 33 Overhead Displays RECeiver ccsccesccesecsseeseeeseeeeeeecesecsecseceaecaecaeecaeecaeeeneeeeeeeeeens 3 34 ASCII Synchronization Messages S1 byte cecccesceeseceseceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeneensees 3 35 Automatic Protection Switching APS cc cesccssesssecseeesecseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeseeeeeeeneees 3 36 Receiver Tributary Select cccccccesccsseceecseeeeeeseeeeeeeeceeceecesecesecesecseecaeeeaeeeaeeneeeneees 3 37 Receiver Tributary RX Channel Selection SONET 0 ceseceseeceeseceeeeeceeseeeeeeneeeees 3 38 Pointers Information from Receiver Tributary Key SONET
4. 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference e Pointers Read only menu under RX Trib button Pointer Value displayed 0 to 782 Pointer Measurement Counts for Positive Pointer Justifications Negative Pointer Justifications New Data Flag NDF ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 11 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 3 12 Transmitter or Receiver Configurations The ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set can be ordered in one of three configurations which are Transceiver Transmitter Or Receiver This chapter details the menus available in the Transceiver configuration Go to the appendix for a listing of Transmitter only or Receiver only or menus The ST2400A shall accept zero one or two factory installed 2 488 Gb s laser Transmitter modules and or zero or one APD Receiver module also referred to as I O modules Initially two types of laser Transmitters direct modulated DM and EA modulated Integrated Laser Module ILM shall be available The ST2400A shall also provide electrical input and output clock and data interfaces operating at 2 488 Gb s Base Transceiver configuration shall provide 2 488 Gb s electrical interfaces and 155 622 Mb s optical and electrical add drop tributary interfaces Transmitter configurations will not include 155 622 optical and electrical drop interface although unused connectors may be mounted Receiver con
5. A rtisan Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality TecmoogyGroup new and certified used pre owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess underutilized and idle used equipment TENS OF THOUSANDS OF at our full service in house repair center We also offer credit for buy backs and trade ins IN STOCK ITEMS www artisantg com WeBuyEquipment 7 EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF InstraV ea REMOTE INSPECTION LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION MANUFACTURERS Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with Visit us on the web at www artisantg com 7 for more our interactive website at www instraview com information on price quotations drivers technical LEASING MONTHLY specifications manuals and documentation RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED D a gaa tia Contact us 888 88 SOURCE sales artisantg com www artisantg com User Manual Tektronix ri ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SONET Test Set 071 0242 04 This document supports firmware version 5 4 and above Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Copyright 1999 Tektronix Inc All rights reserved Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subje
6. Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test 14 On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows B2 on the bottom left corner Observe that B2 errored seconds ES 1 2 3 or 4 and total errors TOT 4 15 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu 16 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select MS REI and then press ENTER twice 17 In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for REI FEBE flashes twice 18 On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows REI on the bottom left corner Observe that REI errored seconds ES 1 or 2 and total errors TOT 2 19 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice Observe that the errors have now been reset to zero Note Whenever errors are being cleared verify that you are still in RUN mode after the errors are cleared B 4 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Error Rate Inject Test In this part the transmitter injects an error rate into the receiver and verifies the receiver s responses There are 20 steps in this section of the procedure l On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Random BE
7. Operating in both directions Bidirectional APS allows protection switching to be initiated by either end of the line Binary N Zero Suppression BNZS Line coding system that replaces N number of zeros with a special code to maintain pulse density required for synchronization N is typically 3 6 or 8 BIP 8 Bit Interleaved Parity 8 A method of error checking in SONET which allows a full set of performance statistics to be generated For example a BIP 8 creates eight bit one byte groups then does a parity check for each of the eight bit positions in the byte BISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network A single ISDN network which can handle voice data and eventually video services Bit One binary digit a pulse of data Bit Error vs Block Error Error rate statistics play a key role in measuring the performance of a network As errors increase user payload especially data must be re transmitted The end effect is creation of more non revenue traffic in the network Bit Error Rate BER The number of coding violations detected in a unit of time usually one second Bit Error rate BER is calculated with this formula BER errored bits received total bits sent Block Error rate BLER One of the underlying concepts of error performance is the notion of Errored Blocks for examples blocks in which one or more bits are in error A block is a set of consecutive bits associated with the path or sectio
8. GPIB connection or is in ST112 Dual Mode functioning as a slave unit The REM LED is off when the unit is in the local mode or is being controlled by an RS 232C connection Except in the ST112 Dual Mode front panel control is restored when the SETUP key is pressed In the Local Lockout LLO mode the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set front panel is disabled by a remote controller that is using GPIB access commands Front panel control can only be restored by the appropriate GPIB command or by a power initialization cycle Power initialization should only be used when the ST2400A is not being remotely operated Rear Panel Description This section describes the rear panel controls and connectors LINE 5AT 250V 2 5AT 250V o OUT DATA OUT CLKIN DATAIN FUSE SLOBO SLOBO F MAX 250W 250W m VOLTAGE LA 12 RS232 RS232 FREQUENCY 50 60HZ INTERLOCK EVENT TRIG TTL OUT amp nO EXT REF FSYNC ECL OUT OUT Figure 2 9 Rear Panel ST2400A The AC power module is located in the lower left hand corner of the rear panel It has a removable fuse panel that can be opened with a small flat blade screw driver after the AC Line Cord has been unplugged The AC power supply automatically detects and switches to accept either 115 90 to 130 VAC or 230 180 to 250 VAC inputs A 5AT fuse is used with the 115 source voltage and a 2 5AT fuse is used with the 230 source voltage A WARNING Always disconnect the AC Power Cord before
9. MODE button SONET Input Select Transmitter EXT TRIB INPUT SELECT lt 155 gt 622 155e Figure 3 12 Input Select Menu The Transmitter SELECT key is used to pick one of three tributary choices when the MODE is set to EXT external The input can be 155 Mb s OC 3 optical 622 Mb s OC 12 optical or 155 Mb s CMI electrical signal source from the appropriate connector ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Tributary Select Transmitter The TRIB key on the Transmitter side is used to select how the external source tributary will be multiplexed into the 2 4 Gb s signal Only one of the two menus will be displayed EXT 155 Mb s TRIB INSERT SINGLE lt nn gt ALL EXT 622 Mb s TRIB INSERT SINGLE lt n gt ALL Figure 3 13 Transmitter Tributary Select Menus They offer a choice between multiplexing the tributary into one specific channel or into all available 2 4 Gb s channels This menu depends on the choice that was made in the nput Select menu 155 622 or CMI e The first menu is the 155 Mb s tributary insert menu that is used to select between multiplexing the external source tributary into 1 of 16 channels or all 16 channels of the 2 4 Gb s channel It refers to both the optical and electrical CMI 155 Mb s Transmitter input signals e The second menu is the 622 Mb s tributary insert menu that i
10. Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary Frequency The number of cycles of periodic activity that occur in a discrete amount of time Grooming Consolidating or segregating traffic for efficiency Interleave The ability of SONET to mix together and transport different types of input signals in an efficient manner thus allowing higher transmission rates Isochronous All devices in the network derive their timing signal directly or indirectly from the same primary reference clock Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration voltage fluctuations control system instability etc Line One or more SONET sections including network elements at each end capable of accessing generating and processing Line Overhead Line Alarm Indication Signal AIS L AIS L is generated by Section Terminating Equipment STE upon the detection of an Loss of Signal or Loss of Frame defect on an equipment failure AIS L maintains operation of the downstream regenerators and therefore prevents generation of unnecessary alarms At the same time data and orderwire communication is retained between the regenerators and the downstream Line Terminating Equipment LTE Line Remote Defect Indication RDI L A signal returned to the transmitting Line Terminating Equipment LTE upon detecting a Loss of Signal Loss of Frame or AIS L defect RDI L was previously known as Line FERF Line Over
11. The second choice RESUME OPERATION ON RESTART This choice retains test results and operating mode from before power loss Resumed test continues accumulating totals with pre power fail results rather than restarting test and re initializing totals Time of power loss and recovery are recorded and duration of power loss is indicated This menu is available under the AUXILIARY SETUP menu RESUME OPER ON RESTART lt OFF gt ON This menu applies to both TX and RX lasers When ON is selected the TX and RX lasers will automatically be restored to their last operational state prior to the power loss If the lasers are ON all error injection and alarm injection will resume and all previously collected errors will be restored If the lasers were ON they will come back on If the RESUME OPERATION selection is ON use the proper safety procedures listed throughout this manual If the lasers were OFF they will remain off On restart the measurement automatically restarts continues if the measurement was active when the power went down The data collection is delayed by ten 10 seconds to permit the laser to turn on and the device under test DUT to settle Before this change after a loss of power a measurement would need to be restored due to the 2 4 Gb s laser being turned off If System Configuration of the test set SONET or SDH is changed the ST2400A will automatically restart The SYSTEM CONFIGURATION menu can be obtained by pr
12. digital loop carrier and switch interface Any device which is part of a SONET transmission path and serves one or more of the section line and path terminating functions OAM Operations Administration and Maintenance Also called OAM amp P OAM amp P Operations Administration Maintenance and Provisioning Provides the facilities and personnel required to manage a network OC 1 Optical Carrier Level 1 The optical equivalent of an STS 1 signal OC n Optical Carrier Level n The optical equivalent of an STS n signal Orderwire A channel used by installers to expedite the provisioning of lines OS Operations System Sophisticated applications software that overlooks the entire network OSI Seven layer Model A standard architecture for data communications Layers define hardware and software required for multi vendor information processing equipment to be mutually compatible The seven layers from lowest to highest are physical link network transport session presentation and application Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals Orderwire for example would be considered overhead information Packet Switching An efficient method for breaking down and handling high volume traffic in a network A transmission technique that segments and routes information into discrete units Packet switching allows for efficient sharing of network resources as packets
13. is a TTL output that is generated by any one of the following Transmitter programmed alarm or error conditions AIS RDI FERF LOS and frame errors including LOF or by changing an overhead byte value The event trigger signal is a minimum of 2 4 Vpeak with a pulse width of 25 ns 10 and leads the event by less than lus e The Frame Sync FSYNC has an ECL output that is generated by the transmitted framing bytes Al and A2 The frame sync signal is a minimum of 600 mVpp with a pulse width of 25 ns 10 The pulse repetition rate is equal to the 125us frame rate The ST2400A provides single ended 2 488 Gb s clock and data interface inputs and outputs mounted on the rear panel Electrical clock and data outputs are unterminated ECL signals requiring connection to AC coupled 50 Ohm termination through a bias tee network supplying current for the ECL outputs Electrical clock and data inputs are AC coupled with 50 Ohm termination allowing ST2400A to operate error free when electrical TX outputs are looped back to electrical RX inputs through an external bias tee termination Clock and data connectors are SMA style The connectors are labeled to indicate Clock Out Data Out Clock In and Data In The two DB 9 receptacles are RS 232C 9 pin serial interface connectors One is marked for use with the Tektronix ST112 The ST112 is only supported in the SONET configuration or mode The other is marked RS232 It can be used for remote operations or
14. tributaries e The second menu is the SONET 622 Mb s tributary select menu used to select 1 of 4 tributaries ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 37 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Receiver Tributary RX Channel Selection SONET The Receiver side TRIBUTARY key is also used to select the Mapping and Structure of the RX Channel Selection When a valid signal is present the menu below will auto detect the proper mapping and first valid channel The mapping and channel will be displayed in the appropriate column If several types of mapping are present the user can select any valid mapping present in the signal The menu will only display mapping and channels that are valid When using remote commands to set up mapping and channels it is possible to select an invalid mapping or channel Care must be taken to match the receiver mappings and channels to the ones available from the ST2400A receiver If an invalid mapping is detected a menu will flash on the LCD screen of the test unit When a valid mapping is detected the invalid mapping menu will disappear RX CHANNEL SELECTION STS12C CHANNEL lt 1 gt The number of channels available for selection are auto detected STS 3C Selection of up to 4 channels STS 12C Selection of 1 channel STSI1 Selection of 16 channels RX STS12C TEST PATTERN FIXED 00 PRBS lt 230181 gt PRBS
15. 15 Transmitter Alarms SONET The Transmitter ALARM key is used to select one of the five alarm menus four on the left and one centered at the bottom LOS Loss Of Signal ERRORED FRAME FERF L LINE AIS and INJECT The alarm menus are used to set specific parameters simulating various synchronization defects as detailed below The four alarm conditions are defined in Bellcore GR 253 CORE Each of the first four Transmitter alarm menus have the following parameters e OFF The alarm is disabled e nnn usec or nnn FRAMES Sets the duration of the alarm in microseconds for the LOS alarm or frames for the other alarms Position the cursor using the left and right arrow keys Use the INC and DEC keys to change the value from 1 to 127 microseconds or frames Press the Enter key to generate the alarm e x xSec Sets the on time for the burst operation from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds This alarm condition generates extensive signal failure Each time the Enter key is pressed an asterisk and the word ACTIVE will be displayed in the upper right side of the display Use the arrow keys to position the cursor and the INC and DEC keys to change values This field changes to CONT when the value is incremented beyond 9 9 seconds Or when the cursor positioned under the letter S in the x xSec and the increment key is pressed The DEC key is used to return to this x xSec value 3 20 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instr
16. 1550 1310 10dBm MAX 8dBm MAX Figure 2 6 Receiver Front Panel Receiver Connectors There are three connectors on the Receiver front panel one electrical CMI Code Mark Inversion and two optical The CMI electrical signal connector is an industry standard BNC that is marked 155 OUT It provides the 75 ohm load impedance and direct coupling DC for the SONET electrical signal The two industry standard FC PC optical connectors are on the left side of the Receiver section one input and one output ST or SC connectors are available as options The input optical connector 2 4 Gb s IN accepts the OC 48 signal at either 1310 or 1550 nm The output optical connector 155 622 OUT outputs OC 3 and OC 12 tributary signals at 1310 nm Both are equipped with screw caps to protect the optics from airborne contamination such as dust Z WARNING Before activating the 2 4 Gb s LASER its output must be connected to a circuit A CAUTION Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its Receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Receiver Status Indicators 2 4 Gb s STATUS TRIB OVHD Los B1 ais LOF B2 RDIFERF LJ LJ OOF REI FEBE 155OUT ERROR 155 DROP SELECT VIEW C 62 L HISTORY 75 OHM
17. A network with nodes timed by separate clock sources with almost the same timing Pointer A part of the SONET overhead that locates a floating payload structure STS pointers locate the SPE VT Pointers locate floating mode virtual tributaries All SONET frames use STS pointers only floating mode virtual tributaries use VT pointers Poll An individual control message from a central controller to an individual station on a multipoint network inviting that station to send POP Point of Presence A point in the network where inter exchange carrier facilities like DS3 or OC n meet with access facilities managed by telephone companies or other service providers Remote Alarm Indication RAT A code sent upstream in a DSn network as a notification that a failure condition has been declared downstream RAI signals were previously referred to as Yellow signals Remote Defect Indication RDI A signal returned to the transmitting Terminating Equipment upon detecting a Loss of Signal Loss of Frame or AIS defect RDI was previously known as FERF Remote Error Indication RED An indication returned to a transmitting node source that an errored block has been detected at the receiving node sink This indication was formerly known as Far End Block Error FEBE Remote Failure Indication RFI A failure is a defect that persists beyond the maximum time allocated to the transmission system protection mechanisms When this situation
18. Aeee est PE Resne ramen EaR ERRES ERS 2 6 Receiver Description cscsscssssssesssesscssscssssssesssssssscssscssscsssesesssessssesssessseesseessessees 2 7 Receiver Connectors eoin E S ieee aacine RS 2 7 Receiver Status Indicators meinic ei i aa N 2 8 View HISTORY IEE Yis ea e E E E E a S 2 9 Drop Select Key Receiver ccecccesccesesesecseeeseeeseeseeeseeeeceseceseceaecaeceecseeeseeeseeneeenreeas 2 9 Tributary Select Key Receiver oo ec seeeceeescnseeeceseeeeesecaeeseceeveeenaeeeeeecsaeeeeeaecateeeeaeeates 2 9 OVHD Key Receivers isie aerie desis EE EERE ER EE EE EE ERRES 2 9 Measurement Controls amp Indicators sessoesesesosesesesesssessoessoesooesoseseoeseesseessessossoeseossoe 2 10 Front Panel Conmections csscccccsssscsecscecesseesseesesceesscesesccesccesesceesscessssersccesesseseees 2 11 Remote Indicators cccsscsscsssessecssccsscsesssssssssssscssssssssssscsssssessssesssesssssseesssesecsseseeees 2 12 Rear Panel Description cscssssssssssscssssssscscsesssssseesssesssessssssssesesessssssscssssssesssssoess 2 12 Laser Lockout Remote Interlock ccccccccccccccsssceceescececeesceceesseeecsesececssseececstneeeeaas 2 13 SYNC Output donee onea fetes nis e E EE a N A E 2 13 BITS Ext Rofen e rE E EE E EEE E 2 13 Rear Panel COnneCtorS ucionici anonte ae e ce os aias 2 14 Applications and USe sccsccssssssssscssessscsssssssssssssssssessssssessssssesssessssssessscsscesecnsessesn
19. C with relative humidity lt 90 non condensing Dimensions and Weight Approximately 4 5 11 6 cm H x 14 5 37 2 cm W x 17 5 44 9 cm D The weight is 25 pounds 11 4 kilograms maximum Power Voltage Requirements auto ranging 110 90 to 135 VAC or 220 180 to 270 VAC 47 63 Hz Power Consumption 250 watts maximum Fuses The AC power module is located in the lower left hand corner of the rear panel It has a removable fuse panel that can be opened with a small flat blade screw driver after the AC Line Cord has been unplugged The AC power supply automatically detects and switches to accept either 115 90 to 130 VAC or 230 180 to 250 VAC inputs A 5AT fuse is used with either AC source voltage Year 2000 Compliant The ST2400A may need minor manual intervention to continue functioning after the Year 2000 cross over for example resetting the date The ST2400A will not corrupt data lose stored setups or lose functionality such as the ability to trigger capture and manipulated data as a result of rollover event before a fix is implemented Incorrect date generation storing recording storing or processing may occur after rollover until the user implements the recommended fix for example resetting the date ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET A 2 Safety Certification Compliance
20. Category Standard Temperature operating 0 C to 40 C Altitude maximum operating 2000 meters Equipment Type Safety Class Overvoltage Category Pollution Degree Test and Measuring Class as defined in IEC 1010 1 Annex H grounded product Overvoltage Category II as defined in IEC 1010 1 Annex J Pollution Degree 2 as defined in IEC 1010 1 Note Rated for indoor use only Product Compliance Approval Category Standard EC Declaration of Conformity Safety Standards Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the Official Journal of the European Communities EC Council Directive 89 336 EC AS NZS 2064 Australian emission standard for Industrial Scientific and Medical Equipment Category Standard Low Voltage Underwriters Laboratory Approval Canadian Certification Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC EN61010 1 A1 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use UL 1244 Electrical and Electronic Measuring and Testing Equipment CAN CSA 22 2 No 231 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Transmitter Generator Specifications 155 Mb s External Add Modes These modes are valid when genera
21. DSX 1 ECSA Exchange Carrier Standards Association An organization that specifies telecommunications standards for ANSI EIA Electronics Industry Association Envelope capacity The number of bytes the payload envelope of a single frame can carry The SONET STS payload envelope is the 783 bytes of the STS 1 frame available to carry a signal Each virtual tributary has an envelope capacity defined as the number of bytes in the virtual tributary less the bytes used by VT overhead Failure A termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function A failure is cause by the persistence of a defect FEBE Far End Block Error A message sent back upstream that receiving network element is detecting errors usually a coding violation See Remote Error Indication REI FERF Far End Receive Failure A signal to indicate to the transmit site that a failure has occurred at the receive site Fixed Stuff A bit or byte whose function is reserved Fixed stuff locations sometimes called reserved locations do not carry overhead or payload Floating mode A virtual tributary mode that allows the VT synchronous payload envelope to begin anywhere in the VT Pointers identify the starting location of the VT SPE VT SPEs in different superframes may begin at different locations Framing Method of distinguishing digital channels that have been multiplexed together ST2400AA SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group
22. Errors JO J1 Capture JO Edit RS and MS Alarm Detection RS and MS Layer Alarm and Error Generation e STS1 STS3c PRBS Mappings e Ability to receive generate and modify an OC 48c Payload Option 41 e External Clock Input 1 5 Mbps or 2 Mbps 2 Mhz e User selectable power failure recovery mode e Electrical Offset of Receiver Decision Threshold e 1 nm wavelength tuning e CW laser source mode e 2 488 Gb s electrical I O e 3 year warranty e Automatic Optical Receiver shut off if power exceeds maximum rating e Specific wavelengths G 692 lasers available in 1550 nm region e Portable 25 pounds 11 4 kilograms maximum weight e A simple menu system e Tributary Access at 155 Mb s or 622 Mb s e Easily switched between SONET and SDH modes e Integrates with the ST112 for complete all rate SONET analysis e Wide optical range 3 dBm to 2 dBm Output Power 28 dBm to 10 dBm Receiver Sensitivity e Through Mode with Overhead Editing Error and Alarm Injection e Direct user download of software updates e GR 253 CORE and CCITT ITU G 708 G 709 framing ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started e Complete Remote Control e RS 232 and GPIB ports and standard printer interfaces e LabView LabWindows CVI and HP Vee e LAN using LAN to GPIB converters e 1T2400A GUI Front Panel Utility e Standa
23. Getting Started Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com rtisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started This chapter describes the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set and provides a list of standard and optional accessories for both the SDH and SONET option and for each of the three configurations TRANSCEIVER TRANSMITTER and RECEIVER Unique front panel Transceiver Transmitter and Receiver labels will be affixed to the top right corner of ST2400A depending on configuration Product Description Tektronix ST2400A SETUP PAUSE RESUME OVHD MODE TRIB 155 er 2 4 Gb s STATUS TRIB OVHD Los Lor Los s1 as g g e e e LOF e B2 e RDI FERF 155 2 048 CLK IN INPUT e15 t OOF e REI FEBE 1550UT ERROR ALARM ERROR SELECT 155 prop SELECT vi c2 EW e e E 155 eze E HISTORY O ToOHM 1310 1550 10dBm MAX 0dBm NOM 10dBm MAX 8dBm MAX Figure 1 1 Example of ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set Front Panel The ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set provides line and section signal generation and analysis for the 2 4 Gb s SDH STM 16 or SONET OC 48 standards The ST2400A is a versatile unit that can be ordered in one of three configurations Transceiver Transmitter or Receiver The front panel design Figure 1 1 is the same for both the SDH and SONET functio
24. Moving the cursor under the letter s in x xSec or pressing the INC key when the period is set to 9 9 seconds will access the CONT continuous command Positioning the cursor over CONT and pressing the Enter key will insert the number of FEBE L n FRAME continuously An asterisk and the word ACTIVE will be displayed indicating that the error is being injected Use the right arrow key to move the cursor to OFF and press ENTER The asterisk and the word ACTIVE will no longer be displayed indicating the error injection is off The RANDOM BER Bit Error Rate INJECT main menu is used to set the rate to a number from 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 Pressing the Enter key will inject errors at that rate on different OC 48 channels selected at random The Selected Channel BER Bit Error Rate main menu is used to set the rate to a negative exponent from 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 for the CHAN channel selected Positioning the cursor over the selected channel CHAN cc in the lower right field and use the INC and DEC keys to select the STS 1 OC 1 channel number The display also shows the selected STS 1 e in its upper right field dd e The INJECT XX ERROR menu permits recurring error conditions to be set Position the cursor under the XX and use the INC key to select the error type The INJECT period on time is located in the top right field 2 5S in this case It can be set from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds The WAIT period off time is in the lower right field 6 0S in this
25. SET change the value When the cursor is on PASS the byte is hidden When the cursor is moved to SET the byte value is displayed and the Enter key LED starts to flash Use the arrow keys to move the cursor and the INC and DEC keys to change values Pressing the Enter key or the overhead key will store the value Bytes D4 through D12 are passed or set as a group Each can be individually changed using the INC and DEC keys but pressing the Enter key to SET any one of them will set all of them Passing any one will pass them all For the path overhead C2 byte is added at TX Path Signal Label C2 Identifies High Order Path Label Unequipped and High Order Path Label Mismatch C2 byte can be set to any value from 0x00 to OxFF ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Use the EDIT command in the LINE APS menu to access and change the Automatic Protection Switching bytes Position the cursor over the word EDIT LINE APS menu and press the Enter key The APS menu will be displayed Use the arrow INC and DEC and ENTER keys to select change and store values Press the OVHD key to return to the LINE APS menu Ability to edit JO Multi Byte Trace JO Trace Generation TX Capture amp Display RX JO Trace provides a capability to uniquely identify each of the multiple channels being carried in a Dense Wave Division Multiplexer
26. SONET Transmitter SECTION TRACE J0 lt PASS gt SET gt SECTION TRACE JO SECTION ORDERWIRE E1 pepe Bet 003 lt PASS gt SET amp SECTION ORDERWIRE E1 SECTION USER F1 PASS lt SET ua lt PASS gt SET 2 SECTION USER F4 Feneis SECTIONDCC D1 D2 D3 OVHD Ree eee a lt PASS gt SET ate tig BS Protection Key SECTIONDCC D1 D2 D3 ee a PATH SIG LABEL c2 PASS lt SET 00 00 00 gt Direction Switch Line lt PASS gt SET 4 LINE APS K1 K2 APS APS 4 1 RQ 0SW 0 LINE APS K1 K2 APS PASS lt SET 00 00 gt EDIT 0 No Request lt PASS gt SET A EDIT LINE DCC D4 D5 D6 Message LINE DCC D4 D5 D6 PASS lt SET 00 00 00 lt PASS gt SET at et ain LINE DCC D7 D8 D9 LINE DCC D7 D8 D9 PASS lt SET 00 00 00 gt lt PASS gt SET a a ee LINE DCC D10 D11 D12 LINE DCC D10 D11 D12 PASS lt SET 00 00 00 lt PASS gt SET LINE SYNC S1 MSG LINE SYNC si MSG PASS lt SET 00 msg gt lt PASS gt SET An LINE FEBE M1 LINE FEBE M1 PASS lt SET 00 gt lt PASS gt SET LINE ORDERWIRE E2 LINE ORDERWIRE E2 PASS lt SET 7F gt lt PASS gt SET a 3 22 Figure 3 16 Transmitter Overhead Menus SONET The Transmitter overhead byte menus can be used to pass or change the 2 4 Gb s signal overhead bytes in the first STS 1 of the OC 48 frame The Transmitter OVHD overhead key is used to scroll through the Section SECT and Line LINE overhead byte The top line of each display identifies the designated SONET byte The bottom line is used to either PASS or
27. Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SET Using the INC DEC keys change JO to 51 and then press ENTER On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows A1 A2 and JO on the top right side On the display observe that JO equals 51 Verify Al equals F6 A2 equals 28 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows JO on the top right side Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select PASS and then press ENTER On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows A1 A2 and JO on the top right side On the display observe that JO equals 01 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SET and select D7 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D7 to AA Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select D8 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D8 to 11 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select D9 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D9 to 05 and then press ENTER On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side On the display observe that D7 D8 and D9 all reflect the values you placed into the transmitter i e D7 AA D8 11 and D9 05 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8
28. and A2 bytes Generating RDI L FERF L will force least significant 3 bits of K2 to 110 Generating MS AIS AIS L will force least significant 3 bits of K2 to 111 B1 error injection inverts one or more bits in B1 byte B2 error injection inverts one or more bits in one or more B2 bytes 6 REIJ L FEBE L error injection sets M1 byte to indicate one or more errors None of the Path Overhead POH bytes in any STM n can be edited A Bw NS Overhead Bytes Generated by the ST2400A Al A2 set to F6H 28H JO STS 3 channel 1 is set to 1 15 ZO set to 2 thru 16 32 National Use formerly C1 set to 17 thru 48 B1 OC 3 or STS 3 channel 1 only filled with calculated Section BIP 8 parity B2 all 16 channels filled with calculated Line BIP 24 parity H1 H2 STS 3c col 1 STS 3 3 cols 1 3 set to 6AH OAH H1 H2 STS 3c cols 2 3 set to 9BH FFH All other Transport Overhead TOH set to 0 by default J1 in Path Overhead is set to 0 C2 in Path Overhead is set to 0 unequipped B3 BIP in Path Overhead is set to correctly computed parity All other STS 3c or 3 x STS 1 Path Overhead POH is set to 0 by default ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Error Injection Error Rates All error rates can be selected in the form X Y e Z B1 or B2 single error or error rate is generated by inverting a rand
29. case It can be set from 1 0 to 30 0 seconds The rates are set in each individual menu B1 B2 B3 FEBE L Payload Bit RANDOM BER and CHANxx BER An asterisk will switch between the wait and inject states indicating which is active Only one error condition can be activated at any one time NOTE Bit Error Rates are inserted as a negative exponent An error rate of 1 0E 6 would equate to the decimal number derived from sending one errored bit in a million bits In other words one divided by one million would equal 0 000001 or 1 0E 6 decimal ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 29 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference B2 or B3 Error Inject Single All channels simultaneously This menu choice is available under the ERROR button on the front panel TX side The user of this test unit can inject a single B1 B2 or B3 error one B2 error in fixed channel of 2 4 Gbit s payload or the user an inject B1 or B2 errors simultaneously in all channels of 2 4 Gbit s payload B2 error rates may be generated over the range 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 SINGLE ERROR INJECT B1 lt B2 gt B3 FEBE L PL BIT B2 ERROR RATE INJECT lt OFF gt 1 0E 5 B3 ERROR RATE INJECT lt OFF gt 1 0E 4 MAX The following are contained in one menu INJECT B2 ERRORS 2 558 lt OFF gt ENABLE WAIT 1 0 s INJECT B3 ERRORS 2 5s lt OFF gt ENABLE WAIT 1 0 s INJECT PB ERRORS lt OFF
30. dual wavelength TX option installed ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 15 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference External Clock Synchronization This menu choice is available under the MODE button the front panel TX side 2 Mb 2 MHz input can be utilized for external timing synchronization This option will only appear when the INTERNAL Transmitter mode is enabled A Loss of Signal message will be displayed on the front panel LCD if either of these options are selected and the signal is not present If the 2 048 signal is lost from the front panel an error message will appear on the LCD screen TX LOSS OF 2 048 CLK which will flash on and off in 3 second intervals EXTERNAL SYNC INPUT lt OFF gt 2 048 1 544 Figure 3 8 External Timing Synchronization MODE button SONET 3 16 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference PRBS Mappings These menu choices are available under the MODE button the front panel TX side User can select the following TX patterns as internally generated payload e Fixed 00 All Zeros to FF e 2 1 or inverted 2 1 per ITU T 0 181 e 2 1 or inverted 2 1 The only structured payload mappings available in SDH mode is 16 x VC 4 In SONET mode users can select internal generated pa
31. has a problem please call Tektronix Customer Sales and Support Center CSSC at 1 800 835 9433 x2400 or 503 627 2400 for assistance B 16 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Factory Defaults System setup parameters These are restored on Powerup Receiver Parameters rx_err disp type 0 rx_err_thresh_count 5 rx_err_thresh_enable 0 rx_err_thresh_type 0 MIN rx_err_thresh_value 3 rx_drop_rate RX DROP RATE OFF rx_drop_chan 1 rx_laser_on OFF rx_sts_chan 0 Tx_eot_print OFF rx_eot_print_form 0 rx_errlog print 0 rx_errlog_squelch NONE rX_measure_cntrl OFF rx_measure_run OFF rx_measure_secs 10 rxX_measure_timing RX_MEASURE UNTIMED rX_print_recent_test NO rx_report disp _type 0 rx_report_mem_type RX REPORT MEM LOG rx_report_mode OFF pause _phase OFF ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com C 1 Factory Defaults Transmitter Parameters tx_optic pow _mode OFF tx_error_ rates MAX TYPES OF RATES 1 0E 5 RANDOM BER is 1 0E 3 These four variables are for alarm error restore on powerup error_rate_enabled cycle error _active NO alarm_type_enabled NONE cycle_alarm_active NO tx_alarm_burst 1 tx_alarm_time 25 tx_alarm_mode OFF cycle_alarm_inject_time 25 cycle_alarm_dwell_
32. is in THRU mode JO in received 2 5 Gb s signal is retransmitted in JO of output 2 5 Gb s signal When PASS is selected and TX is in INT mode JO is set to single byte 01 When SET nn is selected nn should display currently selected single byte JO as two hex digits User may set single byte JO to any value in range 0 255 00 FF hex When EDIT is selected and ENTER is pressed user is able to select between 16 byte ITU formatted trace and 64 byte trace as shown below J0 TRACE SELECTION lt 16 BYTE gt 64 BYTE When 16 byte trace is selected 15 editable bytes of 16 byte trace are set to first 15 bytes of trace in memory If 16 byte trace was most recently used previous trace is restored If 64 byte trace was most recently used these 15 bytes are set to first 15 bytes of previously used 64 byte trace Correct frame start marker is computed and displayed in hex in nn portion of CRC nn Factory default trace is Tek ST2400A lt 4 NULLs gt When CLR is selected 15 editable bytes of 16 byte trace is cleared to null hex 00 and correct frame start marker is computed and displayed in hex in nn portion of CRC nn When trace characters are selected left arrow right arrow INC DEC and ENTER are used to navigate trace and edit characters Full set of upper case lower case digits and punctuation is selectable The hexadecimal equivalent of each character selected on the second row will be updated in
33. left most and or right most display position when preceding or following trace characters are available to be displayed by scrolling left or right 64 BYTE lt EDIT gt CLR HEX 54 gt ST2400A J0 J1 Trace Capture and Display RX ST 2400A is able to capture JOand J1 trace on a sampled basis for display User is able to select the expected trace length type as single byte 16 byte or 64 byte When trace display is selected JO trace is sampled and display updated at least four times per second 16 byte trace selection shall expect 16 byte trace matching format specified in G 707 G 831 Trace is displayed either as 15 byte ASCII string or as hex value of frame start marker followed by 15 byte ASCII string ST 2400A must recognize frame start marker and display 15 ASCII characters in sequence assuming identical 16 byte trace is being repetitively received No CRC error detection capability is provided in 16 byte trace mode 64 byte trace selection expects 64 byte trace matching format specified for STS Path Trace in GR 253 CORE as described above for TX Trace is displayed as 64 byte ASCII string with lt CR gt lt LF gt indicated as their Hexadecimal values No Trace Identifier Mismatch TIM detection is provided in single byte 16 byte or 64 byte trace mode ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 25 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 3
34. menu used to control the printed report It can be set to OFF no printout ERR print a report when an error is detected EOT print a report summary at the end of test or BOTH print on error and at the end of test The printer can be connected to either the parallel or serial RS 232C port Parallel is the factory default setting 4 The REPORT SETUP SQUELCH menu is used to limit the total number of errors logged saving memory space When squelch is set to ON error recording will stop after 10 consecutive seconds with errors Then error recording will be resumed after 10 consecutive seconds without any errors 5 The PRINTER SELECTION menu offers either PARALLEL or RS232 serial printer selection The printer should be connected to the appropriate port on the ST2400A rear panel 6 Inthe REPORT SETUP menu CLEAR ERR error is used to clear the error log by moving the cursor to YES and pressing the Enter key It immediately clears the error log and returns to NO after execution The error log should be cleared before running a long test preventing buffer overflow An error log warning message will be displayed when the run key is pressed if the log is 95 full 7 The REPORT REPRINT menu is used to print the previous error log ERR the previous end of test summary PREV EOT or the current error log CURR if it exist Auxiliary Setup Menus AUXILIARY SETUP is the last of the Main Setup menus See the illustration of this menu
35. occurs an RFI is sent to the far end and will initiate a protection switch if this function has been enabled Regenerator Device that restores a degraded digital signal for continued transmission also called a repeater SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy The CCITT defined world standard of synchronization whose base transmission level is 52 Mb s STM 0 and is equivalent to SONET s STS 1 or OC 1 transmission rate SDH standards were published in 1989 to address interworking between the CCITT ITU and ANSI transmission hierarchies Section The span between two SONET network elements capable of accessing generating and processing only SONET Section overhead This is the lowest layer of the SONET protocol stack with overhead Section Overhead Nine bytes of overhead accessed generated and processed by section terminating equipment This overhead supports functions such as framing the signal and performance monitoring Section Terminating Equipment STE Equipment that terminates the SONET Section layer STE interprets and modifies or creates the Section Overhead ST2400A SONET User Manual G 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary G 8 Slip An overflow deletion or underflow repetition of one frame of a signal in a receiving buffer SONET Synchronous Optical Network A standard for optical transport that defines optical carrier levels
36. of an unequipped STS 3c or 3 x STS 1 structured STS 3 bulk filled with the user selected test pattern all zeros PN23 inverted PN23 ITU T 0 181 test pattern PN31 or inverted PN31 Internal Mode This mode requires no external test equipment to generate a valid 2 488 Gb s output e Data 2 488 Gb s output is made with 16 channels of unequipped STS 3c or 3 x STS 1 structured STS 3 bulk filled with the user selected test pattern all zeros PN23 inverted PN23 ITU T 0 181 test pattern PN31 or inverted PN31 e Default Overhead A1 and A2 are set to hexadecimal F6H and 28H respectively the JO byte is set to 1 15 ZO bytes and 32 National Use bytes formerly C1 bytes are numbered from 2 to 48 H1 is set to 6AH and H2 is set to OAH in a SDH network B1 contains B1 BIP and B2 contains B2 BIP all other overhead bytes are equal 00H e Timing Output data timing in internal mode may be derived from one of the following three sources e Internal 155 52 MHz 20ppm crystal oscillator e Externally applied 1 544 Mb s BITS clock input on rear panel e Externally applied 2 048 MHz or 2 048 Mb s SETS clock front panel input THRU Through Mode This mode is only usable when the receiver is framed to a valid 2 488 Gb s SDH SONET signal e Data 2 488 Gb s output is copied from the incoming 2 488 Gb s signal e Default Overhead Copied from the incoming 2 488 Gb s signal except B1 BIP 8 and B2 BIP 24 x 16 are recomputed before re transmissi
37. panel press MODE until the display shows the INT TX VC4 TEST PATT menu 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select PRBS 23 then press ENTER 3 On the receiver side of the front panel press MODE until the display shows the INT RX VC4 TEST PATT menu 4 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select PRBS 23 then press ENTER 5 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu 6 On the front panel press RUN STOP until the green LED inside the button is now lit Note The unit is now in RUN mode If the green LED within the switch is not lit then the RUN mode is not active and no errors will be counted i e a STOP condition exists 7 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select B1 and then press ENTER twice 8 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that error light for B1 flashes twice 9 On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows B1 on the bottom left corner Observe that B1 errored seconds ES 1 or 2 and total errors TOT 2 10 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu 11 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu 12 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select B2 and then press ENTER twice 13 In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for B2 flashes twice ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 3
38. rate continuously The B1 rate is inserted as a negative exponent from 2 5E 5 to 0 1E 9 The B2 rate is inserted as a negative exponent from 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 The Max rate for the B3 rate is 1 0E 4 The Max rate for Payload Bit Error Injection is 1 0E 3 An error rate of 1 0E 6 would equate to the decimal number derived from sending one errored bit in a million bits In other words one divided by one million would equal 0 000001 or 1 0E 6 decimal 3 28 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference The LINE FEBE INJECT menu has three functions e A number of FEBE L errors can be injected into one frame The ERROR key is used to select the menu and the arrow keys are used to position the cursor over the n FRAME n per frame field The number of FEBE L errors per frame can be set from 1 to 255 using the INC and DEC keys Pressing the Enter key while this field is selected will insert that number into a single frame e Move the cursor to x xSEC and use the INC and DEC keys to set the period from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds Pressing the ENTER key when the cursor is in the x xSEC position will inject the number of FEBE L errors n FRAME for the period x xSEC effecting multiple frames For example one FEBE L per frame could be injected for 9 9 seconds An asterisk and the word ACTIVE will be displayed for the duration of the FEBE L injection e
39. signal at 1 8 data rate 311 Mhz useful for triggering a oscilloscope to measure the eye diagram of an OC 48 STM 16 signal BITS Ext Ref In addition to the external 2 048 Mb s or 2 MHz SETS timing input on the front panel the ST2400A accepts 1 544 Mb s 40 PPM BITS input for internal signal generation using external timing synchronization BITS input accepts signals meeting the requirements of ANSI T1 101 1994 with the exception of frequency tolerance of 40 PPM BITS external timing input is a Bantam connector mounted on ST2400A rear panel The Rear panel connector is labeled BITS Ext Ref to indicate its input timing function The user has the ability to select which of the timing sources internal ext 1 544 Mb s or ext 2 048 Mb s MHz is active When an external clock source is detected but no clock activity is detected the user is alerted to Loss of External Clock via a front panel message ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 13 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Rear Panel Connectors Four SMA two BNC two 9 pin RS 232 one GPIB and one parallel printer connectors are mounted on the rear panel Event Trigger and Frame Sync signals are accessible through individual BNC connectors located on the lower left rear panel Either can be connected to an event counter or used to trigger an oscilloscope e The Event Trigger EVENT TRIG
40. signal returned to the transmitting STS Path Terminating Equipment PTE upon detection of certain defects on the incoming path STS Path Terminating Equipment STS PTE Equipment that terminates the SONET STS Path layer STS PTE interprets and modifies or creates the STS Path Overhead An NE that contains STS PTE will also contain LTE and STE STS 1 Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1 The basic SONET building block signal transmitted at 51 84 Mb s data rate STS n Synchronous Transport Signal Level n The signal obtained by multiplexing integer multiples N of STS 1 signals together T1X1 Subcommittee A committee within the ECSA that specifies SONET optical interface rates and formats VT Virtual Tributary A signal designed for transport and switching of sub STS 1 payloads VT Group A 9 row x 12 column structure 108 bytes that carries one or more VTs of the same size Seven VT groups can be fitted into one STS 1 payload ST2400AA SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary VT Path Overhead VT POH Four evenly distributed Path Overhead bytes per VT SPE starting at the first byte of the VT SPE VT POH provides for communication between the point of creation of an VT SPE and its point of disassembly VT Path Remote Defect Indication RDI V A signal returned to the transmitting VT PTE upon detection of certain defects o
41. the values you placed into the transmitter i e D7 AA D8 11 and D9 05 19 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side 20 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select PASS and then press ENTER 21 On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side 22 On the display observe that the values of D7 D8 and D9 are once again zero ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 13 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Continuous Alarms SONET This section of the procedure ensures that the continuous alarm settings are functioning properly This section is split into five parts Each part checks a different alarm Leave the setup as it was in the last section Loss of Signal Alarm In this part the transmitter creates a loss of signal alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure 1 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the Loss of Signal menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the LOS LOF OOF B1 B2
42. verify that the ST2400A Transceiver received from Tektronix is operational upon arrival This procedure briefly verifies that the general functionality of the unit responds correctly The incoming inspection is divided into separate tests for SDH and SONET The last page of this section details a method for cleaning optical cables Required Equipment The following equipment is required to verify that the ST2400A Transceiver is functioning properly e Fiber Optical Cable must be a single mode cable and have connectors matching those on the unit under test e In line 15db optical attenuator e Optical cleaning kit Note See last page of instructions for required equipment NOTE This procedure may also be used to verify correct operation of an ST2400A Transmit Only but a known good ST2400A Receiver is required Similarly an ST2400A Receiver may be tested with a known good ST2400A Transmitter Tektronix ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set SETUP PAUSE RESUME 155 622IN 2 4 GB s OUT 2 4Gb s IN 155 622 OUT 2 4 Gb s STATUS TRIB OVHD OVHD MODE TRIB 155 622 INPUT STATUS Los LoF ios 51 ais o e e LOF e B2 e RDI FERF O O INPUT 155 OOF REIFEBE 155OUT ERROR ALARM ERROR SELECT 155 prop SELECT e e Ee eng O i O 155 2 048 CLK IN 75 OHM 1310 1550 1310 10dBm MAX 0dBm NOM 10dBm MAX 8dBm MAX Figure B 1 ST2400A front panel Transmitter left side and Receiver right side ST2
43. will be lost Selecting YES will clear the error log ERROR LOG XX FULL CLEAR LOG lt NO gt YES Figure 3 5 Error Log Display ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 13 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Transmitter Menus and Displays 3 14 TX Source Mode Pressing the MODE key will access the TX MODE SELECTION menu It is used to choose one of the three data modes that will produce the 2 4 Gb s output signal The three choices are an external input EXT from the Transmitter front panel 155 or 622 Mb s inputs an internally INT generated 2 4 Gb s signal or a through THRU mode from the Receiver s 2 4 Gb s input connector The EXT and INT modes function on both the ST2400A Transceiver and ST2400A Transmitter units The THRU mode only functions on an ST2400A Transceiver unit TX MODE SELECTION lt EXT gt INT THRU Figure 3 6 Transmitter Input Menu The EXT input can be 155 Mb s optical OC 3 622 Mb s optical OC 12 or 155 Mb s CMI electrical signal On the Transmitter 155 622 Input Status section there are three yellow LED indicators two optical and one electrical The appropriate LED will indicate the input signal The INT mode generates an unequipped SONET 2 4 Mb s OC 48 signal with valid transport overhead that can be modified ST2400A LCD Display SONET INT TX MAPPPING STRUCTURE STS lt 1 gt 3C 12C 48C The m
44. with a serial printer The GPIB receptacle is an IEEE 488 2 standard connector provided for remote operation The DB 25 receptacle is a Centronics parallel printer interface 2 14 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Applications Applications and Use This section provides three common examples of telecommunication network applications It details how the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set can be used for e Passive Monitoring Receive Only e Active Analysis e Active Through Mode Analysis Common ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set applications such as field service troubleshooting engineering analysis production testing and maintenance will be similar Passive Monitoring The passive monitoring application monitors the 2 4 Gb s signal It uses a passive coupler to connect and disconnect the ST2400A without disrupting live traffic This setup is used for non intrusive network monitoring applications It is perfect for LEC IXC local exchange carrier inter exchange carrier cross boundary or other long term passive performance monitoring It does not allow optical line error injection testing This installation splits the OC 48 STM 16 optical signal through a passive coupler which can be mounted in an optical cross connect bay or other convenient location Since there is no active regeneration of the optical line the syst
45. 012 1379 00 9 pin female to 9 pin male 012 1298 00 9 pin female to 25 pin male 012 1398 00 9 in RS 232 C to plotter printer GPIB 012 0991 00 2m double shielded 012 0991 01 1m double shielded 012 0991 02 4m double shielded 012 1282 00 0 5 m GPIB Centronics 012 1233 00 3 m 4693 to Terminal 012 1214 00 8 ft Male Centronics to PC 25 Pin D 012 1284 00 9 ft male to male 1 6 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started Interface Cables used for CE Certification 1M BM SB142 BM 1M BM 4233 BM H1740 1 8004570 8004569 CIB24 1M CIB24X Adapters SMA 015 0369 00 015 0572 00 015 0554 00 015 1009 00 015 0553 00 015 0549 00 020 1693 00 BNC to BNC 50 OHM 1 meter length BNC to BNC 75 OHM 1 meter length Printer Cable 8 feet DB25 Male to Female 6 feet DB9 Male to Female 6 feet GPIB 1EEE 488 1 meter length GPIB Adapter SMA male to N SMA male to BNC male SMA male to BNC female SMA male to N female Threaded female to male slip on connector Male to female connector Used permanently installed to prolong life of instrument connector SMA Kit Attenuator Optical recommended AMP 06 0033 FC Style Build Out Attenuator 15 dB Fixed Value or equivalent Option 1A provides an attenuator International Power Plug Options Option 220V Euro Plug 240V Aust Plug 240V North American Plug S
46. 1 0FF BUS Setup Key ADDR 14 TERM EOI LF Setup Key RS232 SETUP Return to Quick Setup Menu gt ENTER Enter key Setup Key Setup Key BAUD __ PARITY 300 1200 2400 9600 NONE ODD EVEN CHAR SIZE BITS END OF LINE 7 8 CR RF LF CR CR LF ECHO __ XON OFF OFF ON ON OFF Setup Key Setup Key RESUME OPER ON RESTART lt OFF gt ON Setup Key SYSTEM CONFIGURATION SONET SDH ST2400A VERSION X XX RX WIDE TX 1310 Figure 3 2 Auxiliary Setup Menus ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 3 4 When power is applied the first three LCD displays will show 1 The Tektronix MWL Products logo and Copyright notice 2 Performing Self test and Serial Number 3 ST2400A logotype and Software Version number and all front panel LEDs will illuminate verifying their operation The third power up LCD display and all of the illuminated LED indicators will be continuously displayed when you press and hold the VIEW HISTORY key before the power switch is set to on and continue to hold it in during the power up cycle The QUICKSET LCD will not be displayed until you release the VIEW HISTORY key The next LCD display is the QUICK SETUP menu The menu choices are used to select the Receiver drop frequency either 155 Mb s OC 3 or 622 Mb s OC 12 from either an internally INT generated 2 4 Gb s OC 48 rat
47. 26 J0 J1 Trace Capture and Display Front Panel Implementation RX ST2400A displays single byte JO and J1 as shown below If multi byte trace is received JO can be expected to change frequently when single byte display is selected The JO and J1 trace selection menus are the last menus in the queue of RX overhead menus user is able to select between display of 16 byte or 64 byte trace as follows JO TRACE SELECTION lt 16 BYTE gt 64 BYTE J1 TRACE SELECTION lt 16 BYTE gt 64 BYTE When 16 Byte is selected as shown above frame start marker if found based on detection of character with MSB set is displayed in hex along with 15 byte ASCII trace Non printable characters are displayed as boxes If a frame start marker is found the trace will be aligned and 16 captured bytes are displayed in captured order as follows The left and right arrow keys can be used to scroll forward backward through the 16 byte trace and the CRC the HEX will be properly updated 16 BYTE lt EDIT gt CLR HEX 54 TEK ST2400A CRC F4 When 64 Byte is selected as shown below first 22 characters following lt CR gt lt LF gt is displayed as shown Non printable characters is displayed as boxes If no lt CR gt lt LF gt can be found captured 64 bytes are displayed in captured order with no error indication NOTE Subsequent display updates will likely cause frequent trace content changes if no valid trace containing CR L
48. 2C Description Bit serial industry standard interface used for remote control and software download of the ST2400A External null modem not required ST112 RS232C Connector signal level and protocol per ANSI RS 232C Description Bit serial interface used for directly connecting to an ST112 for combined mode operation External null modem is not required Printer Output Connector DB 25 Signal TTL Description Byte serial ASCII printer interface Follows industry standard DB 25 translation of Centronics interface ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Synchronization Specifications Generator Timing The 2 488 Gb s output can derive synchronization from five different sources These sources are only valid in the indicated modes External Timing The output timing is obtained by phase lock loop PLL multiplying the clock recovered from the source 155 622 Mb s SONET SDH signal This timing mode is valid only when the generator is in EXT external mode To obtain loop timing in these modes the supplemental test equipment providing Path and payload testing must be set to loop timing This is the only generator timing mode valid with external lower rate test equipment Source Frequency Range 155 52 Mb s 100 ppm or 622 08 Mb s 100 ppm Loop Timing THRU Mode The output timing is obtained from
49. 3 37 RX Tributary RX Channel Select 3 38 Rear Panel Connectors 2 13 SYNC Output 2 12 Laser Lockout 2 12 Remote Interlock 2 12 Remote Indicators GPIB 2 11 Safety Summary ix SDH Glossary G 1 Setup Menus 3 1 Auxiliary Setup 3 8 Laser Menus 3 4 Power Fail Recovery 3 9 Report Test Time 3 7 Store Recall 3 7 TX Event Trigger Output 3 6 View Angle 3 7 SONET for Reference D 1 Specifications SDH A 1 I 2 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation T Transmitter 2 4 Alarm Key 2 6 Connectors 2 4 Error Key 2 6 Mode Key 2 5 Overhead Key 2 6 Status Indicators 2 5 Tributary Input Select Keys 2 5 Transmitter Menus 3 14 External Clock Synchronization 3 16 Illegal Mode 3 19 Input Select 3 18 PRBS Mappings 3 17 Tributary Select 3 19 TX Source Mode 3 14 WV VT100 support previous versions 3 33 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com A rtisan Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality TecmoogyGroup new and certified used pre owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess underutilized and idle used equipment TENS OF THOUSANDS OF at our full service in house repair center We also offer credit for buy backs and trade ins IN STOCK ITEMS www artisantg com WeBuyEquipment 7 EQUIPMENT DEMOS H
50. 31 per ITU T 0 151 and 31 Inverted per ITU T 0 181 Pointers Information from Receiver Tributary key SONET Keep track of all pointer movements during a test period Pointer measurements can be found among the menus that can accessed by pressing the TRIB key on the RX side of the ST2400A test unit This is a Read only screen RX PJR PJ PJ NDF SPE 88 5461 3919 799 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Receiver Drop Select RX DROP SELECT lt OFF gt 155 622 Figure 3 24 Receiver Drop Select Menu The menu display is accessed by pressing the Receiver DROP SELECT key Use the arrow and Enter keys to select one of the three choices OFF will drop a 155 Mb s electrical signal to the CMI connector and disable the optical drops The 155 Mb s OC 3 optical drop or the 622 Mb s OC 12 optical drop can be selected by choosing either the 155 or 622 respectively The 155 or 622 LED on the Receiver section of the front panel will indicate which drop is selected both are off when the 155 CMI is selected This menu is used with the Receiver Tributary Select menus A 4 O7O1 Before activating the 2 4 Gb s LASER its output must be connected to a circuit Always replace the screw caps when the optical outputs are not in use Previous VT100 Support in older ST2400 and ST2400A SONET With the addition of B3 Path Ana
51. 400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test General Functionality Verification This section of the User Manual tests the functionality of the unit The procedure consists of eleven sections in which the functionality of the unit is verified Note The procedure assumes you are proceeding in sequential order Before beginning the procedure you must set the unit to factory default settings to ensure that you are starting the procedure from a known state To default the unit to its factory settings follow the procedure below 1 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the STORE RECALL Setup menu 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select FACTORY DEFAULT and then press ENTER Note Whenever you make a change in a menu the red LED within the ENTER key will flash This signifies that if you wish that change to occur you must save it by pressing ENTER 3 The display now reads Restore Factory Default Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select YES and press ENTER The display flashes a message stating that all settings have been returned to factory defaults then it returns to the REPORT TEST Setup menu 4 Once the factory default settings have been restored observe that all the error lights within the 2 4 Gb s STATUS section of the receiver front panel are lit This is because the default settings set the las
52. 48 CLK IN It provides a 75 ohm load impedance and direct coupling DC for the 155 Mb s SONET electrical signal This connection also accepts 2 048 Mb s or 2 048 MHz 40 PPM SETS input for internal signal generation using external timing synchronization SETS input accepts signals meeting the requirements of G 703 section 10 2 048 Mb s and section 6 2 048 Mhz with the exception of frequency tolerance of 40 PPM The user will have the ability to select which of the timing sources internal or external 2 048 Mb s or 2 048 MHz is active When an external clock source is selected but no clock activity is detected the user will be alerted to Loss of External Clock On the right side of the Transmitter section are two industry standard FC PC optical connectors one input and one output ST and SC connectors are available as an option The input optical connector is marked 155 622 IN it accepts either OC 3 or OC 12 signals at 1310nm The output optical connector is marked 2 4 Gb s OUT it outputs an OC 48 signal Both are equipped with screw caps to protect the optics from airborne contamination such as dust Z WARNING Before activating the 2 4 Gb s LASER its output must be connected to a circuit A CAUTION Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its Receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality I
53. 50 lasers Adjustment Resolution nm Optical Wavelength Stability nm With modulation Spectral width 20 dB nm With modulation Side mode suppression ratio dB Average Output Power f dBm includes connector loss and WDM module AP Optical Output Power 0 1 dB 5 min constant Variation typical typical A amp modulation off AP Optical Output Power 0 5 dB between Variation typical typical modulation OFF vs modulation ON Por Po Extinction ratio dB modulation On Optical waveform ITU T G 957 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 9 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Signal Name 2 488 Gb s Optical Output Data Connector FC PC standard SC or ST available This output can be locked out for safety as UL safety requirements specify using the rear panel key switch or remote interlock Fiber Type Single Mode Description Primary output to device under test Signal Name 155 Mb s 622 Mb s Input Data Connector FC PC standard SC or ST available Type Optical Wavelength 1310 or 1550 nm Maximum Input 8 dBm Sensitivity 28 dBm minimum Fiber Type Multi Mode Description 155 or 622 Mb s data input to multiplexer intended for connection to supplemental test equipment Signal Name 155 Mb s Electrical Input Connector BNC 75 Q Type CMI per Bellcore GR 253 CORE and CCITT Rec G
54. 622 Mb s STM 16 2 5 Gbps and STM 64 10 Gbps have also been defined Multiplexing is accomplished by combining or interleaving multiple lower order signals 1 5 Mb s 2 Mb s etc into higher speed circuits 52 Mb s 155 Mb s etc By changing the SONET standard from bit interleaving to byte interleaving it became possible for SDH to accommodate both transmission hierarchies This modification allows an STM 1 signal to carry multiple 1 5 Mb s or 2 Mb s signals and multiple STM signals to be aggregated to carry higher orders of SONET or SDH tributaries Asynchronous and Synchronous Tributaries SDH does away with a number of the lower multiplexing levels allowing non synchronous 2 Mb s tributaries to be multiplexed to the STM 1 level in a single step SDH recommendations define methods of subdividing the payload area of an STM 1 frame in various ways so that it can carry combinations of synchronous and asynchronous tributaries Using this method synchronous transmission systems can accommodate signals generated by equipment operating from various levels of the non synchronous hierarchy F 2 ST2400A SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary and Standards Three sets of terms are arranged at the beginning of this section because it is important to see that they are not equivalent terms which is how they get used in normal discussions T
55. 708 G 709 CMI is adjusted and guaranteed to meet output pulse mask only at room temperature 25 degrees C 5 degrees C Description 155 Mb s electrical data input to multiplexer intended for connection to supplemental test equipment SYNC Output SYNC Output Clock Trigger is an AC coupled output The voltage level is 300 mV minimum This output needs a 50 Ohm termination to work properly This output is used to trigger a oscilloscope to measure the eye diagram of an OC 48 STM 16 signal Output rate is 1 8 Transmit data rate approximately 311 MHz Frame Sync Connector BNC 50 Q Type ECL with internal pull down series 50 ohm Description Derived from generator pulse width of 25 8 ns Event trigger Connector BNC 50 Q Type TTL Description Active during LOS LOF AIS FERF Error Inject or TOH byte edit A 10 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 2 488 Gb s Electrical Outputs Specifications SONET Single ended clock and data interfaces unterminated ECL requires connection to an AC coupled 50 Ohm termination through a bias tee network supplying current for the ECL outputs falling edge of output clock coincides with data edge crossing 4 t100 ps SMA connectors ECL specifications At high output voltage 25 C 0 98 V min At low output voltage 25 C 1 95 V min and 1 63 V max ST2400A S
56. 8 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Index Ac Accessories 1 6 Alarm Generation Menus 3 20 Applications 2 14 Active Analysis Mode 2 15 Example OC 48c Application 2 17 Active Through Mode Analysis 2 16 OC 48c 2 18 Passive Monitoring 2 14 C CLEI Code 1 5 D Defaults Factory C 1 E Error Generation Menus 3 28 B2 or B3 Error Inject 3 28 Inject Random BER on one selectable channel 3 31 F First Time Operation 1 8 Front Panel 2 1 Connections 2 10 Display Display Controls Indicators 2 2 Setup Menus 2 2 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Tes General Menus 3 10 Error Log Display 3 13 Menu amp Measurement Refinements 3 10 TX or RX Configurations 3 12 J Inspection Test Incoming B 1 J JO Trace multi byte 3 23 JO J1 Trace Capture amp Display 3 25 M Measurement Controls Indicators 2 9 Run Stop 2 9 Pause Resume 2 9 O OC 48c 2 18 Overhead Menus 3 22 Edit M1 Byte 3 23 R Receiver 2 7 Connectors 2 7 Drop Select Key 2 9 Overhead Key 2 9 Status Indicators 2 8 Tributary Select Key 2 9 View History Key 2 9 I 1 Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Index Receiver Menus 3 32 APS MSP 3 36 ASCII Synchronization Messages S1 byte 3 34 Error Measurements 3 32 Overhead Displays 3 34 Pointers Information 3 38 RX Drop Select 3 39 RX Tributary Select
57. 8 Power Faill RECOVELY inserieren ai EE S EEEE E ENE E E EE 3 9 General Menus amp Displays essseseeseesesoeseeoesseecesoeseeeoeseesenseeoesoreereoeseeeonseeeesereorseeoeseeeereeee 3 10 Menu amp Measurement Refinement sssesseseesesreeiererestststerretsessesesterrststssesrereresess 3 10 Transmitter or Receiver Configurations ccsccessecessecseeeececeeeeeceeverceaeeeeeaesaeeeeeaeeetes 3 12 Error Log Display ces cise cssacasscesesaecieieabaietseachateiaaasasides cea teers asatida dated asia ai enesnanieet 3 13 Transmitter Menus amp Displays scsscsscssssssecsscsssesssessssesssessssssesssessseesseesecsssesseees 3 14 TX Source Modenesi ea e a is E N E E teat 3 14 External Clock Synchronization ececesessseseceeeeecneeeeceaeceeesecaeesecaeveeeeaeeeeeaecaeeeeeneeetes 3 16 PRBS Mapping viss2ecics iesivsciies cvs iniii e EKETE ER RERE RE 3 17 Input Select TranSiMitt r 3 oss3 50 5055 cobs eeahessitbistesaleceessusepeenien Giaios digi hel Aeeheiiedes 3 18 Tributary Select Transmitter ccccccceseescessceeeeeeeceseceseeeeecseecaeecaeeeeeeeeesereeeeeneeeeeees 3 19 Tle pall Modes s ccs ctcian caccicscastas Gadiesteqnioten cua EEEE EEEE EEE EEEE EEEREN 3 19 Alarm Generation Menus SONET scccsssssssscscsesssscesccessscsesccesssscesceessccssseesesseeees 3 20 Overhead Menus SONET Transmitter ccssssscssssscssssssccssssccessseccesssecsssssceeens 3 22 Ability to Edit Multi byte JO Trace
58. A has the ability to damage or stress test the IP packets under different error conditions Another application places the unit in internal mode generating an STM 4c OC 12c or STM 16c OC 48c signal This signal can be fed into a piece of network equipment with different alarms to test the equipment for specification conformance ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 17 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Applications Older ST2400 ST2400A SONET versions and OC 48c Older ST2400 ST2400A instruments can be used to receive and monitor OC 48c SONET signals An ST2400A with Option 41 can receive generate and modify OC 12c or OC 48c signals The Basic instrument provides capabilities for the following measurements LOS Loss of Signal LOF Loss of Frame OOF Out of Frame B1 B2 Performance monitoring FEBE REI Far End Block Errors now REI FERF RDI Far End Receive Failure now RDI BER BER measurements based on B1 and B2 errors With concatenated signals the H1 and H2 byte 1 locations contain the location of the payload start container All other H1 and H2 byte locations 2 to 48 contain a unique data pattern identifying the data as concatenated These patterns according to GR 253 CORE Figure 3 8 are H1 1001xx11 H2 11111111 When monitoring concatenated signals lower rate signals can not be dropped This capability to mon
59. DWDM system providing an end to end continuity check Since only the SONET framing byte plus JO are in the unscrambled overhead of the SONET signal it is possible to extract for display the JO trace to confirm channel ID ST2400A ability to generate unique JO traces allows test signals to be easily identified or allows test signals to simulate network element generated traffic without Trace Identifier Mismatch TIM alarm being generated ST2400A ability to display received JO trace allows users to verify continuity and correct routing of individual channels within multi channel DWDM system ITU T has established a standard for 16 byte JO trace GR 253 has no multi byte JO standard but JO Trace is listed as an open issue in most recent List Report GR 253 ILR Issue 2B Dec 97 Some vendors are promoting 64 byte trace matching SONET J1 trace standard in GR 253 CORE ST2400A ability to generate non standard compliant 16 byte and 64 byte traces allows manufacturers to test network element response in presence of invalid trace for example 16 byte without valid frame start marker or with incorrect CRC 64 byte without lt CR gt lt LF gt termination JO Trace Generation TX When single byte SET selected user may set the value of JO byte between 0 and 255 Factory default is 01 When 16 byte SET selected the first byte is set to frame start marker containing CRC 7 calculated over the 15 remaining bytes per ITU T G 707 section 9 2 2 2
60. E OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual iii Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com How to Reach Customer Service Tektronix provides high quality Technical Support on applications operation measurement specifications hardware and software by expert application engineers If you have any questions regarding the operation maintenance repair or application of your Tektronix equipment contact your local sales and service office For more information on Tektronix equipment and support services refer to the Tektronix web site at www tektronix com or call 1 800 Tek Wide ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Table Of Contents General Safety Summary cccecceescesceesceesceseceseceaeceaecseesaecsaecaaecaeecaeeeaeeeseeeeeeaeeeneeees ix Preface en ices eta tevascpeusctnsascteassteasseietea tenses EE E E E etsstateesiatenscts xii Getting Started Product Description c cccsscsssssssssssscssssssscsssesssesssesssesssessssssesssesessssesssssssssessscsseess 1 1 Ordering Information scce cssce ates sivetesiacdaccecisicece nee taveectanavhinreseibiasaina sees RE Eise 1 2 OVERVIEWS SOND cscciecssccecccczecsasccsaesteshcvsbevecsacs siectsancvenstencssoisedosesszevedencesadees
61. EFAULT lt USER gt FACTORY DEFAULT lt n gt RCALL LABEL STOR lt NO gt YES y Setup Key Setup Key J REPORT TEST TIME Enter key MEASURE CONTROL TEST TIME DD HH MM SS lt ENTER gt lt UNTIMED gt TIMED REPEAT 00 00 00 00 Return to i REPORT SETUP REPORT SETUP oi Setup Setup Key SQUELCH lt OFF gt ON PRINT lt OFF gt ERREOT BOTH nu Setup Key PRINTER SELECTION REPORT SETUP lt PARALLEL gt RS232 CLEARERR lt NO gt YES Setup Key REPORT REPRINT AUXILIARY SETUP lt ENTER gt Enter key Go to Auxiliary Setup Menus Figure 3 1 Quick Setup Menus lt OFF gt ERR PREV EOT CURR Since the ST2400A can be configured as Transceiver Transmitter or Receiver many menus are available only with the appropriate configuration For example the Quick Setup menu mentioned above is available with the Transceiver but does not appear in the Transmitter or Receiver configurations A menu with the TX label such as TX EVENT TRIGGER OUTPUT or TX 2 488 Gb s ELEC OUTPUT is not available in an ST2400A configured as a Receiver A menu with the RX label such as RX THRESHOLD OFFSET or RX 2 488 Gb s INPUT is not available in an ST2400A configured as a Transmitter ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference ALUUARY caU p TMEYY MMDD HH MMSS ENTER 1998 07 22 14 40 32 Setup Key Enter key GPIB ADDR 3
62. ET 1 3 Features and Capabilities sssri E E nein 1 4 Bellcore CLEI and CPR Product Codes sssseeeseseesseseereressesrsrsrrerstssesrsrerrerrereesess 1 5 PRE COSSOUIG Sos cei eed e E E E E T eee 1 6 Standard enana A E TA 1 6 Optional ae E E E S E E E 1 6 First Time Operation ccccssssssssssssssssscssscsssssssssssssssscssscssscssscsesessesssesssesssessseessessess 1 8 Functional Overview Front Panel Controls Indicators and Connectors ccsscccssssscscsssscsssscscsscccceesseees 2 1 Display Display Controls and Indicators eeeceecesceseeeeeeceeeeceeeerceeeeeeeaecaeeeeeneeetes 2 2 Setup Menu Systeri es riesene eE iE EA EE EEE E E Oe ER 2 2 Examples of SONET Setup Main Menus cccecsscesecssescceeeceeeeeceeeeecaeeneeaecaeeeeeaeeeees 2 3 Transmitter Description seseeseesesessoesereoeseeoesoeeeesonsereoeseeoeseeeeeeonseeeoeseeoeseeeeeeorsesoreereoesee 2 4 Transmitter Connector a sc icescezsscessssavdeveasousstesncvsessetsniea onoir ESEESE EEEn bexcraantavneedveevieaes 2 4 Transmitter Status Indicators ssesecseeeecseeeeceseeeeesecaeeseceecaeesecneveceaeeeeeaecaeeeeeneeeres 2 5 Mode Keysers prisene E e E teats ietues tescavissestthessetaeeeasts 2 5 Tributary and Input Select Keys Transmitter s essseseesseeeesseseeseesererserserseeressrseessese 2 5 OVHD Key Transmitter nssririneisrerinie iieiea E arnar EAE NEER EESE ESEE 2 6 Alarm Key Transmitter saine a E E R R RRR 2 6 Erot Key Transinitter s screenees
63. F can be found lt 64 BYTE lt EDIT gt CLR HEX 54 gt TEK ST2400A User is able to use left and right arrow keys to scroll forward backward through 64 byte trace NOTE At the end of a valid 64byte trace in the 63 and 64 positions the lt CR gt and lt LF gt will be represented in the HEX field as OD and OA respectively ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Ability to edit M1 Byte LINE FEBE lt PASS gt SET Figure 3 17 Transmitter Overhead OVHD button SONET The Transmitter overhead byte menus can be used to pass or change the 2 4 Gb s signal overhead bytes in the first column of the STS 1 The Transmitter OVHD overhead key on the lower left side of the ST2400A front panel is used to scroll through the Line Overhead and Section Overhead bytes The top line of each display identifies the designated SONET overhead byte The bottom line is used to either PASS or SET change the value When the cursor is on PASS the byte is hidden When the cursor is moved to SET the byte value is displayed and the Enter key LED starts to flash Use the arrow keys to move the cursor and the INC and DEC keys to change values Pressing the Enter key or the overhead key will store the value The value of the editable M1 byte can range from 00 to FF ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 27 Artisan Technolo
64. Figure 3 20 Random BER on one Selectable Channel ERROR button SONET ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 31 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Receiver Menus and Displays Error Measurements SONET Receiver Section BI Measurement SECT ES 0 BER 1 0e 04 B1 SES 0 TOT 0 Line B2 Measurement LINE ES 0 BER 1 0e 04 B2 SES 0 TOT 0 Path ES B2 Measurement PATH ES 0 BER 1 0e 04 B2 SES 0 TOT 0 Path ES B3 Measurement PATH ES 0 BER 1 0e 04 B3 SES 0 TOT 0 Payload Bit Measurement PYLD ES 0 BER 1 0e 04 BIT SES 0 TOT 0 Totals B1 B2 B3 0 0 0 FEBE L FEBE P PL BIT 100233 60789 83647 ELAPSED TIME D HH MM SS 3 32 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference The ERROR key on the Receiver side of the front panel is used to scroll through the LCD displays on the left side Errors that were detected on the 2 4 Gb s SDH signal are displayed in the B1 B2 B3 MS REI HP REI and PL Bit error summary menus The last menu on the lower left will display the elapsed test time in days hours minutes and seconds Each press of the error key will cycle to the next error display in a continuous loop until some other key is pressed Error Measurement Details e Error Reporting In both SONET and SDH mode the ST2400A wi
65. LF rs232_xon OFF rs232_echo OFF rs232 prompt 16 ST2400 gt rs232_prompt_lIf 0 remote header OFF measure mode SONET or if SDH DEFAULT is set SDH clock_century 1998 01 01 00 00 00 audio _vol 1 view_angle 4 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual C 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Factory Defaults C 4 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com SDH for Reference Following ANSI s development of the SONET standard the CCITT undertook to define a synchronization standard that would address interworking between the CCITT and ITU transmission hierarchies That effort culminated in 1989 with CCITT s publication of the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH standards Synchronous Digital Hierarchy is a world standard and as such SONET can be considered a subset of SDH Transmission standards in the U S Canada Korea Taiwan and Hong Kong ANSI and the rest of the world ITU evolved from different basic rate signals in the non synchronous hierarchy Time Division Multiplexing TDM ANSI combines twenty four 64 kbps channels DSOs into one 1 54 Mb s DS1 signal ITU TDM multiplexes thirty two 64 kbps channels E0s into one 2 048 Mb s E 1 CEPT format signal The issues between ITU and CCITT standards makers involved how to efficiently accommodate bot
66. OC 48 signal The 155 Mb s signal OC 3 can be either electrical or optical The 622 Mb s OC 12 signal is always optical The Tributary Select Key will then be used to choose a tributary Tributary Select Key Receiver The Receiver TRIB key is used to choose the drop side tributary One of sixteen 155 Mb s OC 3 tributaries or one of four 622 Mb s OC 12 tributaries can be selected from the 2 4 Gb s OC 48 signal The Drop Select Key was used to choose either the OC 3 or OC 12 drop OVHD Key Receiver The Receiver OVHD Overhead key permits viewing of the Section and Line overhead bytes of the first STS 1 in the OC 48 frame including APS Automatic Protection Switching Some of these bytes may be used to perform testing review the OVHD Key Transmitter section previously presented in this chapter ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 9 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Measurement Controls and Indicators The ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set Measurement Controls and indicators are located at the top right side of the front panel The RUN STOP key provides duration control over the test cycle RUN clears all counters clears history data and starts the test cycle STOP halts the test cycle without effecting counter values The green LED indicator inside the key is on during the RUN cycle A stopped test can be restarted using the p
67. ONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Input and Output Specifications Analyzer Signal Name 2 488 Gb s Optical Input Data Connector FC PC standard ST or SC available Type InGaAs APD optical receiver Wavelength 1310 1550 nm Fiber Type Single Mode Description Primary optical input from device under test APD Receiver Module APD Receiver Optical Specifications Max Optical Input APD enabled Damage Power under bias no will occur if exceeded damage Max Optical Input APD Disabled Damage Power under no bias will occur if exceeded Maximum data rate offset from 2 48832 Gb s Optical wavelength for rated sensitivity Prmin RX Optical Sensitivity dBm 10 BER flat loss Prmax RX Optical Overload dBm 10 BER flat loss Po Optical Power Penalty dB Sensitivity degradation due typical to dispersion reflections TLOS Loss of signal delay us TACQ Acquisition recovery us time Receiver Reflectance dB Residual Bit Error Rate 15dBm 3dB A 12 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET 2 488 Gb s Electrical Inputs AC coupled 50 Ohm terminated ECL clock and data interfaces allow ST2400A to operate error free when electrical outputs are looped to electrical inpu
68. PASS to SET The field change shows the current value of the particular overhead byte being viewed Greater detail is provided in Chapter 3 Reference SECTION ORDERWIRE E1 Main Menu lt PASS gt SET SECTION ORDERWIRE Naps BAGS CELTS gt p Field Change Figure 2 5 Overhead Menu Access Alarm Key Transmitter The Transmitter alarm key is used to inject any of the alarms in one of four modes continuous timed burst or repeat at specific intervals The alarm displays and menus are detailed in the next chapter The red LED indicator in the alarm key will be illuminated whenever an alarm is active Error Key Transmitter The Transmitter error key is used to generate specific error conditions that are detailed in Chapter 3 Reference The red LED indicator in the error key will be illuminated whenever an alarm is active ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Receiver Description This section describes the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set Receiver front panel inputs outputs controls and indicators located on the right side of the front panel The Receiver button choices are not functional on the ST2400A configured as a Transmitter 2 4Gb s IN 155 622 OUT 2 4 Gb s STATUS TRIB OVHD LASER ON Los B1 ais o LOF B2 RDIFERF O C OOF REI FEBE 155OUT ERROR 155 DROP SELECT e VIEW C 1310
69. R Inject menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 1 0E 3 and then press ENTER Observe that the red LED within the ERROR switch is now lit In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REI FEBE remain lit You have now injected an error rate into the receiver On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows RS B1 and MS B2 on the top line Observe that they both have increasing error counts B1 and B2 overflow is indicated by an in the most significant digit On the front panel press PAUSE RESUME until the red LED within the switch is lit On the display observe that the error rates are no longer increasing but are fixed at one value Also in the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REI FEBE remain lit Note When the red LED within the PAUSE RESUME switch is lit the unit is in PAUSE mode and will 10 freeze all error conditions When the red LED is within the PAUSE RESUME switch is turned off the unit will RESUME normal functioning On the display press PAUSE RESUME until the red LED within the switch is no longer lit On the display observe that the error rates are once again increasing Also in the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REJ FEBE still remain lit On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to restart a test On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display sh
70. SDH or SONET That choice is made in the System Configuration submenu of the Auxiliary Setup menus shown at the bottom of Figure 3 2 One note Since the ST2400A can be configured as Transceiver Transmitter or Receiver many menus are available only with the appropriate configuration For example the Quick Setup menu mentioned above is available with the Transceiver but does not appear in the Transmitter or Receiver configurations This manual details the SONET features ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference The ST2400A can be configured for either SDH or SONET XXXxx QUICK SETUP Setup Key NT lt 155 gt 622 EXT 155 622 Transmit Option Required for Laser Menus TX Event Trigger Menu n LASER 1 LR 2 1550 12 op LASER 2 L 16 2 1555 lt OFF gt ON CW SETUP lt OFF gt ON CW SETUP 2 4 Gb CASER TE 1310 NM lt OFF gt ON If Setup is pressed y Menu screen above for older I O boards TX 2 488Gb s ELEC OUTPUT lt OFF gt ON LASER 1 WAVELENGTH 1550 12 OFFSET 49 TX EVENT TRIGGER OUTPUT This menu is not available for ILM lasers lt ALARM gt ERROR RX 2 488Gb s INPUT RX THRESHOLD OFFSET lt OPTICAL gt ELECTRICAL 50 RX Threshold Offset is only available VIEW ANGLE VOLUME when APD module installed and RX board 1 1 Enter key STORE RECALL SETUP ____g LOCRECALL NAME STORE RESTORE FACTORY D
71. SONET mode Severely Errored Seconds SES will be counted based on SES criteria in GR 253 CORE Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds will be measured for B1 B2 and MS REI errors and displayed in SDH mode only e In SDH mode all overhead alarms failures and errors are displayed or printed in ITU T terminology for example FEBE is REI FERF is RDI e User shall have the ability to retransmit all editable Transport Overhead TOH with or without modification Remaining non editable TOH shall be retransmitted without modification B1 and B2 BIP bytes shall be re computed in THRU mode and may be errored at user request Other alarms and failures may be injected at user request e S1 Byte SSM ST2400A includes S1 byte changes as events which can initiate print on event time stamped When Synchronization Status Message SSM in S1 byte changes a time stamped report of SSM can be printed indicating new SSM contents SSM byte changes within the S1 byte are decoded in clear text per G 707 SDH and GR 253 SONET e 1 8th Rate Sync Output ST 2400A shall generate a sync output signal at 1 8 data rate 311 MHz useful for triggering scope based eye diagram measurements Sync output shall be provided on SMA connector mounted on rear panel Sync output signal characteristics AC coupled 300 mV pk pk Terminate externally with 50 Ohms 3 10 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed
72. STATUS STATUS j 1550UT ERROR 1310 1550 10dBm MAX 0dBm NOM 10dBm MAX 8dBm MAX Figure 2 1 Example of ST2400A Front Panel The front panel can be divided into functional sections e Display and Display Controls e Transmitter Controls and Connectors Left side of front panel e Receiver Controls and Connectors Right side of front panel ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview 2 2 Display Display Controls and Indicators The figure shows the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set display and display controls The display is a two line by twenty four character back lit super twisted Nematic LCD liquid crystal display that provides a sharp image and increased viewing angle in all directions The LCD display is used to present main menus submenus and test results The right and left arrows are used to position the LCD cursor The INC increment and DEC decrement keys are used to change values The ENTER key is used to insert the selected value The ENTER key houses a red LED indicator that flashes whenever an action is requested or required It will continue to flash until the ENTER key is pressed entering a new value or executing the function gt _ gt ENTER RUN STOP O e e lt SETUP PAUSE RESUME Tektronix ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set F
73. STOP twice to clear all errors B 8 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test RDI Alarm In this part the transmitter creates an RDI alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure l OO P O E a On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the MS RDI menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for RDI FERF is now lit Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for RDI FERF is now off On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors AIS Alarm In this part the transmitter creates an AIS alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eleven steps in this section of the procedure l 2 3 4 5 T 8 9 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the MS AIS menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER On the display observe that the top right corner
74. Seconds count and UASR Unavailable Seconds Ratio conform to the ITU G 827 standard ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 33 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Overhead Displays SONET Receiver RX OH A1 A2 JO J1 00 00 00 00 RX OH B1 E2 F1 B3 00 00 00 00 OVHD Key RX OH D1 D2 D3 C2 00 00 00 00 RX OH H1 H2 H3 G1 00 00 00 00 RX OH B2 K1 K2 F2 00 00 00 00 RX OH D4 D5 D6 H4 00 00 00 00 RX OH D7 D8 D9 Z3 00 00 00 00 RX OH D10 D11 D12 24 00 00 00 00 RXOH S1 MSG Z2 E2 N1 00 00 00 00 APS 1 1 RQ 0 SW 0 0 No Request LOS DURATION 2422ms LOF DURATION 2428ms JO TRACE SELECTION J1 TRACE SELECTION lt 16 BYTE gt 64 BYTE lt 16 BYTE gt 64 BYTE Figure 3 21 Receiver Overhead LCD Displays The displays above are RX TOH SONET overhead bytes in the first STS 1 of the OC 48 frame They can be displayed by pressing the OVHD key on the Receiver panel Each time the key is pressed the next group of overhead bytes will be displayed in a continuous loop until some other key is pressed 3 34 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference There are nine displays of four bytes each The ninth display provides the ASCII synchronization messages the tenth display is the APS message the eleventh display shows the amount of time in micr
75. T2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 1 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started First Time Operation Unpacking Unpack the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set and place the unit on a hard firm surface ST2400A Installation Before using the ST2400A verify that it is properly set up and powered on as follows 1 Remove the unit from its shipping carton and place it on a hard firm surface 2 Verify that the operating environment is within the limits detailed under the Environmental Requirement section in this manual 3 Allow approximately 2 inches 5 cm clearance for cooling on the top and rear of the unit The two rear panel fans draw air into the ST2400A which is exhausted through the top vents 4 Wire the unit for a chosen application Never exceed the maximum optical power limits 10dBm listed on the front panel When not using always cover the optical connectors A CAUTION Signal levels greater than 10dBm negative 10dBm may damage the Optical Input devices Always pad the input level to less than 10dBm Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector 1 Verify that the rear panel key lock is in the desired position 2 Plug the unit into the appropriate AC Power source as follows Table 1 1 Power Requirements AC Voltage V
76. TS 1s have been combined to carry an STS Nc Synchronous Payload Envelope SPE It is used to transport signals that do not fit into an STS 1 52 Mb s payload Concatenated VT A virtual tributary VT x Nc which is composed of N x VTs combined Its payload is transported as a single entity rather than separate signals ST2400A SONET User Manual G 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary G 4 CMI Code Mark Inversion Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC A technique for using overhead bits to detect transmission errors Data Communications Channels OAM amp P channels in SONET that enable communications between intelligent controllers and individual network nodes as well as inter node communications Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function Digital Cross Connect DCS An electronic cross connect which has access to lower rate channels in higher rate multiplexed signals and can electronically rearrange cross connect those channels Digital Signal An electrical or optical signal that varies in discrete steps Electrical signals are coded as voltages optical signals are coded as pulses of light DSX 1 May refer to either a cross connect for DS1 rate signals or the signals cross connected at an DSX 1 DSX 3 May refer to either a cross connect for DS3 rate signals or the signals cross connected at an
77. TUP LASER 2 L 16 2 1555 lt OFF gt ON CW SETUP The laser module number type and wavelength are all dynamic based on the module selected The types displayed for each of the laser modules are as follows Laser Module SONET SONET Type one SDH Type Std 1310nm DM GR 253 G 957 L 16 1 1550nm DM GR 253 G 957 L 16 2 To advance to the next LASER MODULE if one exists press the SETUP key on the front panel The SETUP and CW choices will not be available for ILM type laser modules The current Active operational state of the lasers in each of these menus will be marked with an asterisk The next menu appears when the SETUP selection is chosen from the LASER 1 or LASER 2 menus shown above This menu configures the specific laser module selected The LASER number is dynamic and specific to the module which is being configured Laser Wavelength is offset from 50 to 49 LASER 1 WAVELENGTH 1550 12 OFFSET 49 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 3 6 In the next menu when OPTICAL is selected the internal APD Receiver will be enabled when ELECTRICAL is selected the APD Receiver will be disabled electrical input will be used and the LOS front panel LED will be invalid If no RX board or no APD Receiver is present the second menu in the following sequence wil
78. UNDREDS OF InstraV ea REMOTE INSPECTION LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION MANUFACTURERS Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with Visit us on the web at www artisantg com 7 for more our interactive website at www instraview com information on price quotations drivers technical LEASING MONTHLY specifications manuals and documentation RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED D a gaa tia Contact us 888 88 SOURCE sales artisantg com www artisantg com
79. User is able to view edit the CRC and the ASCII contents of the remaining 15 bytes Factory default is valid frame start marker followed by Tek ST2400A lt 4 NULLs gt 16 byte trace value is saved in non volatile memory and restored on power up to eliminate need for users to always go through a cumbersome process to set it up When 64 byte SET selected user is able to set the JO trace per the requirements of GR 253 CORE for J1 traces Issue 2 Dec 1995 section 6 2 3 2 3 A STS Path Trace User is able to set all 64 bytes to any hex value from 00 FF If the user enters less than 62 characters the ST 2400A shall pad the remainder with NULL characters A lt CR gt and a lt LF gt is added to the end of the message creating the 64 byte trace message Factory default 64 byte trace message is Tek ST2400A lt 51 nulls gt lt CR gt lt LF gt 64 byte trace value is saved in non volatile memory and restored on power up ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 23 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference JO Generation Front Panel Implementation Allow user to PASS JO through SET it to single byte hex value set it to 16Byte value or set it to 64Byte value as shown SECT TRACE JO lt PASS gt SET nn EDIT When PASS is selected and TX is in EXT mode JO in received added tributary is inserted in JO of output 2 5 Gb s signal When PASS is selected and TX
80. and D9 on the top right side Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SET and select D7 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D7 to 00 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select D8 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D8 to 00 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select D9 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test 25 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D9 to 00 and then press ENTER 26 On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side 27 On the display observe that the values of D7 D8 and D9 are once again zero ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Continuous Alarms SDH This section of the procedure ensures that the continuous alarm settings are functioning properly There are five parts each part checking a different alarm Leave the setup as it was in the last section Loss of Signal Alarm In this part the transmitter creates a loss of signal alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure 1 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the Loss of Signa
81. and REI FEBE LEDs are now lit Note The error lights for AIS and RDI FERF may flash 6 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 7 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that all of the error lights are now off 8 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors Gy es oe Errored Frame Alarm In this part the transmitter creates an errored frame alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure 1 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the Errored Frame menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for LOF OOF B1 B2 REI FEBE AIS and RDI FERF are now lit Note The error light for RDI FERF may flash 6 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 7 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that all of the error lights are now off 8 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors Oy ae Ae B 14 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test FERF Alarm In this part the transmitter creates a FERF alarm and you verify th
82. and their electrically equivalent synchronous transport signals SONET allows for a multi vendor environment and positions the network for transport of new services synchronous networking and enhanced OAM amp P Stratum Level of clock source used to categorize accuracy Superframe Any structure made of multiple frames SONET recognizes superframes at the DS1 level D4 and extended superframe and at the VT 500u STS superframes Synchronous A network where transmission system payloads are synchronized to a master network clock and traced to a reference clock Synchronous Transfer Module STM A measure of the SDH transmission hierarchy STM 1 is SDH s base level transmission rate equal to 155 Mb s Higher rates of STM 4 STM 16 and STM 48 are also defined SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope The major portion of the SONET frame format used to transport payload and STS path overhead A SONET structure that carries the payload service ina SONET frame or virtual tributary The STS SPE may begin anywhere in the frame s payload envelope The VT SPE may begin anywhere in a floating mode VT but begins at a fixed location in a locked mode VT STS Path Overhead STS POH Nine evenly distributed Path Overhead bytes per 125 microseconds starting at the first byte of the STS SPE STS POH provides for communication between the point of creation of an STS SPE and its point of disassembly STS Path Remote Defect Indication RDI P A
83. are EXT TX MAPPING STRUCTURE and EXT TX STS1 or STS3c TEST PATT The INT mode generates an unequipped SONET 2 4 Gb s OC 48 signal with valid transport overhead bytes that can be modified The INT sub menu choices are EXTERNAL SYNC INPUT INT TX MAPPING STRUCTURE and INT STS1 or STS3c TEST PATT The Transceiver THRU mode will output a modified 2 4 Gb s SONET signal that entered the Receiver section from an external source before modification All three yellow status LEDs will be off when the ST2400A is in the THRU Through mode or INT mode The THRU sub menu choice is THRU MODE MAPPING The Transceiver WAVELENGTH menu will only be present when the dual wavelength option is installed Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to either 1310nm or 1550nm and the enter key to select the value Tributary and Input Select Keys Transmitter The Transmitter TRIB key is used with the INPUT SELECT key to configure input groupings OC 48 has sixteen OC 3 channel groups or four OC 12 channel groups ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview 2 6 OVHD Key Transmitter The Transmitter OVHD Overhead key provides access to the Section and Line overhead bytes in the first STS 1 of the OC 48 frame The figure below shows the menu used to access the E1 byte A field change occurs when an arrow key is used to move the cursor from
84. ause run resume sequence saving stored history data The button choices are not functional on the ST2400A configured as a Transmitter The PAUSE RESUME key permits a temporary stop of the test cycle The red LED indicator is on when the test cycle is in the pause mode Pressing the key once again extinguishes the LED and resumes the test All counters are suspended in the PAUSE mode and continue from that point when the test cycle is resumed RESUME ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Front Panel Connections 155 Electrical Add Input 2 048 Ext Ref Clock Input BNC This BNC connector is mounted on front panel 155e Input of all configurations This connector is only used in Transceiver and Transmitter configurations 155 Electrical Drop Output BNC This BNC connector is mounted on front panel 155e Output of all configurations This connector is only used in Transceiver and Receiver configurations 155 622 Optical Add Input FC SC or ST An optical connector bulkhead plus cap and chain is mounted on front panel 155 622 Optical Input of all configurations Bulkhead type FC SC or ST depends on customer specified optical connector type required customer option 155 622 Add optics will be installed and fiber connected to this bulkhead only in TX RX and TX Only configurations 155 622 Optical Drop Outp
85. cations SONET Analyzer Timing Analyzer Clock Recovery Input Frequency Range 2 48832 Gb s 20 ppm Input Jitter Tolerance Meets Bellcore GR 253 CORE and ITU G 783 G 818S 155 622 Mb s Output Timing Derived by dividing the clock recovered from the Analyzer 2 488 Gb s input Jitter Transfer ST2400A Jitter Transfer is a function of the clock recovery clock multiply and or clock divide function in the Transmitter or Receiver The Transmitter recovers clock from the 155 MHz or 622 MHz inputs then multiplies them up to 2 488 GHz In THRU Mode the Transmitter gets a 78 MHz clock from the Receiver and multiplies that to 2 488 GHz The Receiver divides its input 2 488 GHz clock to 155 MHz or 622 MHz for the tributary drop rates or to 78 MHz for the Transmitter in THRU Mode The resulting maximum peak peak Jitter Gain is shown in the tables and diagram below 30 KHz 300 KHz Frequency SONET Jitter Transfer A B 25db 10db GA J B SDH Jitter Transfer CMI input to STM 16 Tx output 25db 10db STM 16 Rx input to STM 16 Tx output STM 4 input to STM 16 Tx output 15db STM 16 Rx input to STM 1 output 24db 24db STM 16 Rx input to CMI output 24db 24db STM 16 Rx input to STM 4 output 12db 12db A 16 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test The purpose of this procedure is to
86. ct to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 or subparagraphs c 1 and 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 as applicable Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved Tektronix Inc P O Box 1000 Wilsonville OR 97070 1000 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix Inc ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Warranty Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three 3 years from the date of shipment If any such product proves defective during this warranty period Tektronix at its option either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product In order to obtain service under this warranty Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Te
87. e or an externally EXT supplied 2 4 Gb s OC 48 rate When the choice is made by pressing the Enter key alarms and errors if on will be turned off Overhead byte values will be reset and set to pass mode The next menu will be automatically displayed A 4 2O7OnN Before activating the 2 4 Gb s LASER its output must be connected to a circuit A x t007 a0 Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its Receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector Laser Menus Press the Setup key to access the 2 4 Gb s LASER menu The Laser is off when the ST2400A is first powered on and can only be activated when the rear panel laser lockout key lock is in the on position To activate the laser use either arrow key to move the cursor to the ON position then press the Enter key The laser has a five second delay when activated A power recovery and test resume after restart capability is user selectable See the Power Fail Recovery section for details If an older I O board is installed in the ST2400A the menu below will appear to enable laser operation 2 4Gb s_ LASER lt OFF gt ON ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Laser Modules One of the next two menus will appear if a newer ST2400A I O board is installed LASER 1 LR 2 1550 12 lt OFF gt ON CW SE
88. e responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure l OO T Op E a On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the FERF L menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for RDI FERF is now lit Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for RDI FERF is now off On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors AIS Alarm In this part the transmitter creates an AIS alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eleven steps in this section of the procedure 1 OS ee ua UND ae 9 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the LINE AIS menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for REI FEBE and AIS are now lit On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows RS FEBE L on the top line On the display observe that FEBE L is actively count
89. ed external 155 or 622 Mb s inputs for activity LOF Detects the Loss of Frame alarm by monitoring an OOF condition for 3 ms on the user selected external 155 or 622 Mb s input A 6 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Receiver Analyzer Specifications Measurements B1 Errors The 2 488 Gb s input is monitored for Section level errors by comparing the received B1 byte to the recomputed BIP 8 parity The errors are detected and counted They can be displayed as a total error count or an error rate in the form X Y e Z B2 Errors The 2 488 Gb s input is monitored for Line errors by comparing the 48 received B2 bytes to the recomputed BIP 24 x 16 parity The errors are detected and counted They can be displayed as a total error count or an error rate in the form X Y e Z FEBE L The 2 488 Gb s input is monitored for FEBE L in the M1 byte FEBEs are detected and counted They are displayed as a total error count Alarms Detection LOS 2 488 Gb s input is monitored for the all zero condition When the 2 4 Gb s signal has been off for more than 2 microseconds the LOS condition is declared The LOS alarm will assert no later than 127 microseconds after receiving the low signal all zero condition LOF OOF The last A1 byte and the first two A2 bytes A1 A2 A2 of the 2 488 Gb s input are monitored for e
90. em under test must have adequate margin to accommodate the coupler insertion loss Measurements are made with the ST2400A as required The CTS850 ST112 or another SDH SONET tributary test set can be used with the ST2400A to expand its test capabilities The ST2400A Receive Only model is particularly economical for passive monitoring applications ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set CTS 710 90 2 4 Gb s 90 10 Passive Coupler Figure 2 10 ST2400A Passive Monitoring ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 15 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Applications Active Analysis The Active Analysis application inserts the ST2400A into an active signal path This configuration is suitable for test or maintenance operation where live traffic is not being carried over the network network element or unit under test In this application the CTS710 test set can provide the 155 Mb s or 622 Mb s framed signal input to the ST2400A which is actively inserted into the signal path The ST2400A provides a variety of signal and analysis options for complete testing of the 2 4 Gb s Payload level testing can be done by applying the 155 or 622 Mb s signal to the auxiliary test set ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set G OC 3 or OC 3 OC 12 or OC 12 CTS 710 Figure 2 11 ST2400A Active Analysis ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Qua
91. enu above will only appear in SONET measurement mode The 12C and 48C choices will only be available in INTERNAL mode provided the correct OC 12c OC 48c hardware is present This menu will also change based on INTERNAL and EXTERNAL modes and not be available in THRU mode If EXT mode is selected and the TRIB channel is set to ALL both the INT TX MAPPING STRUCTURE menu and the INT TX TEST PATT menu will be unavailable Note If STS12C or VC4 4C mapping is chosen Random BER injection is restricted to channels 1 to 4 and will be forced to channel 1 if it is not set there already Any of the OC 12c OC 48c STM 4c STM 16c remote commands which are executed in any of the above mentioned invalid conditions will fail The THRU Through mode can be used to pass without modification or modify a 2 4 Gb s SONET signal that entered the Receiver from an external source All three yellow status LEDs will be off when the ST2400A is in the THRU mode ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference In older ST2400 test sets pressing the MODE key a second time will access the TX WAVELENGTH menu if the dual wavelength Transmitter option is installed It is used to switch between 1310 nm and 1550 nm TX WAVELENGTH lt 1310 nm gt 1550 nm Figure 3 7 Transmitter Wave Length Menu if
92. er to OFF so the unit is no longer linked Now that the unit has been correctly defaulted you may continue with the next section of the procedure STM 16 SDH Quick Setup This section of the procedure verifies that the SDH mode for STM 16 is functioning properly The quick setup places the unit into a default mode which selects specific settings for the unit These default settings are preprogrammed and therefore consistent from unit to unit Leave everything as it was in the last section of the procedure There are nine steps in this section of the procedure Before any connections are made use the optical cleaning kit to clean the cable ends the attenuator ends and the optical connectors on the front panel of the unit Note The last section of the procedure provides an equipment list and simple instructions on how to clean the optical connectors 1 On the front panel remove protective covers from the 2 4Gb s IN and OUT connectors 2 Connect a fiber optic cable with an in line 15db attenuator between transmitter side left side 2 4Gb s OUT to receiver side right side 2 4Gb s IN 3 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the Auxiliary Setup menu and press ENTER 4 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the System Configuration menu 5 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SDH and then press ENTER The display then flashes a message stating that the program is restarting due to measurement mode c
93. es provide a listing of specifications default factory setting an incoming inspection test and other useful information Conventions This manual uses the following conventions e The names of front panel controls and menus appear in all upper case letter for example TRANSMIT and HELP e Names appear in the same case in this manual as they appear on the display of the ST2400A for example Test Duration and USER DEFINED e Within a procedure a specific button to be pressed or a parameter to be selected appears in boldface print NOTE Some of the content found in this manual does not pertain to some instruments Depending on the software revision and the options installed some of the features described in these pages may not be available Related Manuals The following documents are available for the ST2400A SONET Test Set e ST2400A SDH SONET Programmer Manual Tektronix part number 071 0243 xx describes how to control the ST2400A using an instrument controller e 72400A SONET SDH Test Set Service Manual Tektronix part number 071 0244 xx provides information on maintaining and servicing your instrument to the module level ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual xi Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Preface xii ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com
94. essing the Setup key from the RS 232 SETUP menu The ST2400A has both SDH and SONET modes The active mode is set when the unit is powered on It has an asterisk on both sides In the Auxiliary Setup Menu figure shown previously the SDH mode is active Using the arrow key to move the cursor to SDH and pressing the Enter key to select the SDH mode A momentary display that reads Pressing the Setup key again will loop to the ST2400A Version X XX characteristic display It provides a software version number and the laser wavelength for both the Receiver and Transmitter A broad band Receiver RX WIDE is shown indicating that both 1310 and 1550 nanometer lasers are supported The Transmitter wavelength TX DUAL indicates that the Transmitter can be handle both 1310 or 1550 nanometers lasers simultaneously In older ST2400 test sets the Transmitter MODE key is used to change the TX wavelength Pressing the Setup key again will return to the AUXILIARY menu in the Quick Setup main menu loop Another press of the Setup key will once again return to the QUICK SETUP main menu display The Quick Setup menu appears in the Transceiver or Transmitter configurations but not the Receiver configuration ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 9 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference General Menus and Displays Menu and Measurement Refinements e Extended range for B2 error
95. figurations will not include 155 622 optical and electrical add interface although unused connectors may be mounted In older ST2400 units the Transmitter version can be easily identified because it lacks the Receiver connectors for 155 622 OUT and 2 4 Gb s IN and it will not detect a Receiver card during the power on cycle Some early models may have all front panel connectors Pressing any of the control keys in the Receiver section will cause the following message to be displayed RX CARD NOT FOUND RX CONTROLS DISABLED Figure 3 3 Receiver Card Not Installed In older ST2400 units the Receiver version can be easily identified because it lacks the Transmitter connectors for 155 622 IN and 2 4 Gb s OUT and it will not detect a Transmitter card during the power on cycle Some early models may have all front panel connectors Pressing any of the control keys in the Transmitter section will cause the following message to be displayed TX CARD NOT FOUND TX CONTROLS DISABLED Figure 3 4 Transmitter Card Not Installed ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Error Log Display No additional entries will be logged when the error log is full If the error log is more than 95 full when the RUN key is pressed the message will be displayed Selecting NO will allow the test to run but when the error log is full new data
96. from different sources can all be sent over the same channel in the same bitstream Parity check An error checking scheme which examines the number of transmitted bits in a block which hold the value one For even parity an overhead parity bit is set to either one or zero to make the total number of transmitted one in the block data plus parity bit an even number For odd parity the parity bit is set to make the total number of ones in the block an odd number Path A logical connection between a point where an STS or VT is multiplexed to the point where it is demultiplexed Path Overhead POH Overhead accessed generated and processed by path terminating equipment Path overhead includes nine bytes of STS Path Overhead and when the frame is VT structured five bytes of VT Path Overhead Path Terminating Equipment PTE Network elements such as fiber optic terminating systems which can access generate and process Path Overhead Payload The portion of the SONET signal available to carry service signals such as DS1 DS2 and DS3 The contents of an STS SPE or VT SPE Payload Pointer Indicates the beginning of the Synchronous Payload Envelope ST2400AA SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary Photonic The basic unit of light transmission used to define the lowest physical layer in the OSI seven layer model Plesiochronous
97. gnal The transmitter section can internally generate a 2 4 Gb s signal or multiplex the higher rate signal from OC 3 or OC 12 signal inputs The ST2400A can also accept a OC 48 signal in through mode and regenerate it The receiver section receives an OC 48 signal demultiplexes it and can drop out either the OC 3 or OC 12 signal as required The Transmitter version can generate and transmit the OC 48 signal from an internal source or multiplex the higher rate signal from either OC 3 or OC 12 signal inputs In the case of OC 12c and OC 48c the ST2400A can either generate four OC 12c tributary signals with PRBS payloads inside an OC 48 envelope or generate three tributary payloads of PRBS OC 12c and insert a fourth from outside the tributary interface which could contain IP traffic In the case of OC 48c the entire single payload is PRBS All applicable SONET Path Pointer Bytes H1 H2 H3 are set correctly to indicate the type of payload being carried OC 12c OC 48c etc The Receiver version can receive and demultiplex the OC 48 signal and drop either the OC 3 or OC 12 signal to an auxiliary test set as required The ST2400A can accept zero one or two factory installed 2 488 Gb s laser transmitter modules It can also accept zero or one APD receiver module also referred to as I O modules One type of laser transmitter direct modulated DM is available The ST2400A provides electrical input and output clock and data interface
98. gt ENABLE WAIT Figure 3 19 Transmitter Error Generation ERROR button SONET Pressing the Transmitter ERROR key on the lower left side of the ST2400A front panel will scroll through the available menus The arrow keys are used to move the cursor when selecting menu items The INC and DEC keys are used to change values The ENTER key is used to execute the function Enabling any error will disable all other active errors The SINGLE ERROR INJ menu is used to inject one error each time the Enter key is pressed Use the INC key to position the cursor over the B1 B2 B3 FEBE L or PL BIT and press the ENTER key to generate that error When the cursor is positioned over B1 press the INC key again to change to the B2 byte ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Press the ERROR key to move to the next menu B2 ERROR RATE INJECT Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to 1 0E 5 and the INC and DEC keys to set the error rate Pressing the Enter key will inject the B2 error at that rate continuously Inject Random BER on one Selectable Channel This menu choice is available under the ERROR button on the front panel TX side The user of this test unit can inject a random bit error rate on one selectable channel The 1 1 information will only appear with STS1 mapping SELECTED CHAN BER 1 1 lt OFF gt 1 0E 3 CHAN 1
99. gy Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Error Generation Menus SONET SINGLE ERROR INJ B1 B2 B3 FEBE L PYLD BIT SINGLE ERROR INJ lt B1 gt B2 B3 FEBE L PYLD BIT B1 ERROR RATE INJECT lt OFF gt n mE x ERROR B2 ERROR RATE INJECT Key lt OFF gt n mE x B3 ERROR RATE INJECT lt OFF gt 1 0E 4 MAX FEBE L INJECT FEBE L INJECT lt OFF gt n FRAME x xSEC lt OFF gt n FRAME CONT PYLD BIT ERR INJECT lt OFF gt 1 0e 3 MAX RANDOM BER INJECT lt OFF gt n mE x SELECTED CHAN BER 1 1 lt OFF gt n mE x CHAN 1 INJECT XXERRORS 2 5S lt OFF gt ENABLE WAIT 6 0S Figure 3 18 Transmitter Error Generation SONET Pressing the Transmitter ERROR key will scroll through the main menus The arrow keys are used to move the cursor when selecting menu items The INC and DEC keys are used to change values The ENTER key is used to execute the function Enabling any error will disable all other active errors The first menu SINGLE ERROR INJ is used to inject one error each time the Enter key is pressed Use the arrow keys to position the cursor over the B1 B2 B3 PL BIT or FEBE L and press the ENTER key to generate that error The error key is pressed again to obtain the B1 B2 or B3 ERROR RATE INJECT menu Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to n mEx and the INC and DEC keys to set the error rate Pressing the Enter key will inject the B1 or B2 error at that
100. h the 1 5 Mb s and the 2 Mb s non synchronous hierarchies in a single synchronization standard The agreement reached specified a basic transmission rate of 52 Mb s for SONET and a basic rate of 155 Mb s for SDH Synchronous and Non synchronous line rates and the relationships between each are shown in the two tables that follow Table F 1 SONET SDH Hierarchies SONET Bit Rate SDH__ SONET Capacity SDH Capacity STS 1 OC 1 51 840 Mb s STM 0 28 DS1s or 1 DS3 21 E1s STS 3 OC 3 155 520 Mb s STM 1 84 DS1s or 63 E1s or 1 E4 3 DS3s 48 DS3s 16 E4s 192 DS3s 64 E4s It must be noted that although an SDH STM 1 has the same bit rate as the SONET STS 3 the two signals contain different frame structures STM Synchronous Transport Module ITU STS Synchronous Transfer Signal ANSI OC Optical Carrier ANSI ST2400A SONET User Manual F 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com SDH for Reference Table F 2 Non Synchronous Hierarchies ANSI Rate ITU Rate Digital Bit Channels Signal Digital Bit Channels Rate Rate 64 kbps 1DS0 64 kbps 64 kbps 1 64 kbps Convergence of SONET and SDH Hierarchies SONET and SDH converge at SONET s 52 Mb s base level defined as STM 0 or Synchronous Transport Module 0 The base level for SONET is STS 1 or OC 1 Thus SDH s STM 1 is equivalent to SONET s STS 3 3 x 51 84 Mb s 155 5 Mb s Higher SDH rates of STM 4
101. hange Wait until unit reboots B 2 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test 6 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the LASER 1 1310nm or 1550nm menu NOTE For dual wavelength ST 2400As the following tests should be repeated for LASER 2 7 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select ON and then press ENTER Note On the transmitter side of the front panel the red LED under LASER ON is now lit Refer to Figure B 1 to identity the transmitter and receiver side of the front panel 8 The transmitter and receiver sides should now be linked error free Note Error free means that you see no lit LEDs in the 2 4Gb s STATUS section on the receiver side of the front panel Parity and Random Errors SDH At this point you have determined that the unit links error free The next step is to inject some errors and verity that the unit responds correctly This section is split into two parts Single Error Inject Test and Error Rate Inject Test Leave the setup as it was in the last section Single Error Inject Test In this part the transmitter is set to generate STM 16 from 16 STM 1 signals containing PRBS 2 1 test pattern then injects single errors into the receiver and verifies the responses of the receiver There are 27 steps in this section of the procedure 1 On the transmitter side of the front
102. head LOH 18 bytes of overhead accessed generated and processed by line terminating equipment This overhead supports functions such as locating the SPE in the frame multiplexing or concatenating signals performance monitoring automatic protection switching and line maintenance Line Terminating Equipment LTE Network elements such as add drop multiplexers or digital cross connect systems which can access generate and process Line Overhead Locked Mode A virtual tributary mode that fixes the starting location of the VT SPE Locked mode has less pointer processing than floating mode Mapping The process of associating each bit transmitted by a service into the SONET payload structure that carries the service For example mapping a DS1 service into a SONET VT1 5 associates each bit of the DS1 with a location in the VT1 5 Multiplexer A device for combining several channels to be carried by one line or fiber Mesochronous A network whereby all nodes are timed to a single clock source thus all timing is exactly the same truly synchronous Narrowband Services requiring up to 1 5 Mb s transport capacity Network Element NE In SONET the five basic network elements are add drop multiplexer broadband digital cross connect wideband digital cross connect ST2400A SONET User Manual G 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary G 6
103. head is copied from the first three columns of the 2 488 Gb s input Output This mode is valid on the 155 Mb s optical and electrical CMI outputs 622 Drop Mode Data User selects 1 of the 4 622 Mb s channels in the 2 488 Gb s input data to copy to the drop signal Overhead B1 B2 in dropped STM 4 are recalculated by the ST2400A H1 H2 and H3 are copied from the selected drop channels The first three columns of the remainder of the drop signal overhead are copied from the first three columns of the 2 488 Gb s input The last nine columns of the remainder are copied from the selected drop channel Output This mode is valid only on the 622 Mb s optical output A 8 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Input and Output Specifications Generator TX Laser Module Requirements 2 488 Gb s Lasers Laser modes are pigtailed with type 5D 8 um core non dispersion shifted single mode fiber per ITU G 652 2 488 Gb s lasers in the ST2400A SONET test set are Class IIIB per 21 CFR 1040 Direct Modulated DM DM Laser Module Optical Specifications Wavelength nom 1310 nm nm Opt 13 17 Wavelength nom 1550 nm nm not including the Opt 15 17 laser temperature tuning Wavelength select 1550 nm nm per ITU G 692 Opt grid Adjustment Range applies i nm only to 15
104. hey are e Add Drop The process where a part of the information carried in a transmission system is demodulated dropped at an intermediate point and different information is entered added for subsequent transmission The remaining traffic passes straight through the multiplexer without additional processing e Map Demap A term for multiplexing implying more visibility inside the resultant multiplexed bit stream than available with conventional asynchronous techniques e Miultiplex Demultiplex Multiplex MUX To transmit two or more signals over a single channel Demultiplex DEMUX To separate two or more signals previously combined by compatible multiplexing equipment Demultiplexing A process applied to a multiplex signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring the distinct individual channels of the signals Add Drop Multiplexer ADM A multiplexer capable of extracting and inserting lower rate signals from a higher rate multiplexed signal without completely demultiplexing the signal AIS Alarm Indicating Signal A code sent downstream indicating an upstream failure has occurred SONET defines four categories of AIS Line AIS STS Path AIS VT Path AIS DSn AIS AMI Alternate Mark Inversion The line coding format in transmission systems where successive ones marks are alternatively inverted sent with polarity opposite that of the preceding mark ANSI American National Standards Inst
105. hich optical drop rate has been selected Both LEDs are off when the 155 Mb s electrical drop is selected 2 8 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview View History Key The VIEW HISTORY key reviews past alarms and errors A history status bit is set and the status LED built into the key flashes whenever an alarm or error is detected during the run mode Pressing this key will display the history status of the alarm and error LED indicators instead of the current status Releasing this key will return to the current status display within 200 milliseconds History is cleared when a new test cycle starts The VIEW HISTORY key also permits the display of additional LED indicators Any error or alarm on PATH will cause the VIEW HISTORY light to blink n There are three status indicators in the menu below The indicates a cleared condition no errors of this type have been detected since the test began The indicates a present error condition an error of this type is now occurring The h indicates a history condition an error of this type occurred at some point during the test but is not occurring at this time PL BIT P REI P AIS h P RDI Figure 2 8 VIEW HISTORY additional LED indicators SONET Drop Select Key Receiver The DROP SELECT key is used to select one of three drops from the 2 4 Gb s
106. igure 2 2 ST2400A LCD Display Setup Menu System The SETUP key is located below the ENTER key on the front panel Pressing the SETUP key at any time will start the menu sequence Each additional press represented by the black arrow will access the next menu The number of main menus is mode dependent Some main menus have submenus omitted in this chapter but detailed in Chapter 3 Reference The SETUP menus are arranged in a continuous loop Press any other key to exit the setup mode Z WARNING Before activating the 2 4 Gb s LASER its output must be connected to a circuit A CAUTION Signal levels greater than 10dBm negative 10dBm may damage the Optical Input devices Always attenuate the input level to less than 10dBm Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its Receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Examples of SONET Setup Main Menus depending on Configuration SONET QUICK SETUP INT lt 155 gt 622 EXT 155 622 LASER 1 L 16 1 1310 lt OFF gt ON CW SETUP TX EVENT TRIGGER OUTPUT lt ALARM gt ERROR STORE RECALL SETUP lt USER gt FACTORY DEFAULT REPORT TEST TIME lt ENTER gt S VIEW ANGLE VOLUME 1 1 AUXILIARY SETUP lt ENTER gt Figure 2 3 Examples of SONET Setup Ma
107. in Menus Since the ST2400A can be configured as Transceiver Transmitter or Receiver many menus are available only with the appropriate configuration For example the Quick Setup menu displayed above is available with the Transceiver but does not appear in the Transmitter or Receiver configurations The TX Event Trigger Output menu is available in the Transceiver or Transmitter configurations The Report Test Time menu is available in the Transceiver or Receiver configurations ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Transmitter Description 2 4 This section describes the Transmitter inputs outputs controls and indicators The figure below shows the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set Transmitter front panel area located on the left side of the front panel The Transmitter button choices are not functional on the ST2400A configured as a Receiver OVHD MODE TRIB 155 622 INPUT STATUS Los LoF LASER ON 155 622 IN 2 4 GB s OUT 155 2 048 CLK IN INPUT 155 A A ae OE o o 155 1310 1550 10dBm MAX 0dBm NOM Figure 2 4 Transmitter Front Panel Transmitter Connectors There can be three connectors on the Transmitter front panel one electrical CMI Code Mark Inversion 155 electrical and two optical The CMI electrical carrier connector is an industry standard BNC that is marked 155 2 0
108. ing errors On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the LINE AIS menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 10 In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for REI FEBE and AIS are now off 11 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 15 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Inject LOS Alarm In this part the transmitter injects a loss of signal alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure l On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the Inject LOS menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select ENABLE and then press ENTER In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the LOS LOF OOF B1 B2 and REI FEBE LEDs flash on and off continuously every 2 5 seconds Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that all of the error lights now remain off On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors You have now successfully verified that the unit is functional If you had any problems with the unit while performing the tests repeat the procedure paying careful attention to the setup of the units and the directions given Ifthe unit still
109. itor concatenated signals is a RX only function in older ST2400 and ST2400A models OC 48c signals must be generated from a network element Again an ST2400A with Option 41 can receive generate and modify OC 12c or OC 48c signals 2 18 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com rtisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference This chapter describes the use of the ST2400A LCD menu structures and displays In addition to the general displays and menus there are separate sections that detail Setup Receiver and Transmitter specifics A functional verification procedure can be found in the Appendices Setup Menus Pressing the Setup key at any time will bring up the Setup Menus Both the Setup and the Enter keys are used to navigate through this menu system The left and right arrow keys and the increment INC and decrement DEC keys are used to change values The Enter key is also used to access submenus The Main Menus that make up the Setup menus are shown in Figure 3 1 The Main Menus are a continuous loop that begins with the Quick Setup LCD display and ends with the Auxiliary Setup display menu As noted in the figure the word XX Xxxx can be either
110. itute A membership organization which develops U S industry standards and coordinates U S participation in the International Standards Organization ISO Asynchronous A network where transmission system payloads are not synchronized and each network terminal runs on its own clock Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM A multiplexing switching technique in which information is organized into fixed length cells with each cell consisting of an identification header field and an information field The transfer mode is asynchronous in the sense that the use of the cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate ST2400A SONET User Manual G 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary G 2 Attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss usually expressed in decibels Automatic Protection Switching APS The ability of a network element to detect a failed working line and switch the service to a spare protection line 1 1 APS pairs the protection line with each working line 1 n APS provides one protection line for every n working lines Backhauling Cumbersome traffic management technique used to reduce expense of multiplexing demultiplexing Bandwidth Information carrying capacity of a communication channel Analog bandwidth is the range of signal frequencies that can be transmitted by a communication channel or network Bidirectional
111. ive Atmosphere To avoid injury or fire hazard do not operate this product in an explosive atmosphere Wear Eye Protection To avoid eye injury wear eye protections if there is a possibility of exposure to high intensity rays Product Damage Precautions A CAUTION Signal levels greater than 10dBm negative 10dBm may damage the Optical Input devices Always pad the input level to less than 10dBm Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector Use Proper Power Source Do not operate this product from a power source that applies more than the voltage specified Provide Proper Ventilation To prevent product overheating provide proper ventilation Do not operate with suspected failures If you suspect there is damage to this product have it inspected by qualified service personnel ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual ix Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Safety Summary Safety Terms and Symbols Terms in this manual These terms may appear in this manual Icon A A Label Meaning 4 O 7 Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result 11 in injury or loss of life di MOKOKA Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this produce or other property DANGER i
112. ktronix with shipping charges prepaid Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which Tektronix service center is located Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges duties taxes and any other charges for products returned to any other locations This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under warranty a to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install repair or service the product b to repair damage resulting from improper user or connection to incompatible equipment or c to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THIS PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE TEKTRONIX RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIV
113. l menu 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC 3 Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER 4 On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE Note The red LED within the ALARM switch is now lit Whenever an alarm is active this LED will turn on 5 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the LOS LOF OOF B1 B2 and REI FEBE LEDs are now lit 6 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 7 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that all of the error lights are now off 8 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors Errored Frame Alarm In this part the transmitter creates an errored frame alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure 1 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the Errored Frame menu 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 2 5SEC 3 Using the INC key increase the time until it switches to CONT and then press ENTER 4 On the display observe that the top right corner now says ACTIVE 5 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for LOF OOF B1 B2 REI FEBE AIS and RDI FERF are now lit 6 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 7 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that all of the error lights are now off 8 On the front panel press RUN
114. l press RUN STOP twice Observe that the errors have now been reset to zero ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 11 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Error Rate Inject Test In this part the transmitter injects an error rate into the receiver and verifies the responses of the receiver 1 10 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Random BER Inject menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select 1 0E 3 and then press ENTER Observe that the red LED within the ERROR switch is now lit In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REI FEBE remain lit You have now injected an error rate into the receiver On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows B1 and B2 on the top line Observe that all of them have increasing error rates On the front panel press PAUSE RESUME until the red LED within the switch is lit On the display observe that the error rates are no longer increasing but are fixed at one value Also in the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REI FEBE remain lit On the display press PAUSE RESUME until the red LED within the switch is no longer lit On the display observe that the error rates are once again increasing Also in the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light
115. l not be available and ELECTRICAL output will be automatically enabled TX 2 488 Gb s ELEC OUTPUT lt OFF gt ON TX Event Trigger Output Menu Another push of the Setup key will access the TX EVENT TRIGGER OUTPUT menu It is used to select whether an alarm or an error condition will be used to generate the event trigger pulse from the rear panel BNC connector The event trigger is 2 4 Vpeak minimum with a pulse width of 25 ns 10 and leads the event by less than Ips It can be used to synchronize other equipment such as an oscilloscope trigger source The TX Event Trigger Output menu is available in the Transceiver or Transmitter configurations TX EVENT TRIGGER OUTPUT lt ALARM gt ERROR The next menu is available in the Transceiver or Receiver configurations RX 2 488 Gb s INPUT lt OPTICAL gt ELECTRICAL In the next menu RX Threshold Offset is only available when an APD module is installed in the ST2400A RX Threshold Offset is adjustable from 50 to 49 At 0 offset RX threshold is at optimal point as determined by the average input signal level RX THRESHOLD OFFSET 50 The following menu will appear any time an APD overload occurs the user must reduce input power and press RESET to reset the trip circuitry The user may choose to ignore this message and press BYP to bypass this menu However the APD circuitry will remain disabled until input power is reduced and the RX 2 488 Gb s Input men
116. lity Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Applications Active Through Mode Analysis The Active through Mode Analysis of the 2 4 Gb s Line is similar to the Active Analysis application The ST2400A is actively inserted into the signal path as either a regenerator or as a stress tester The OC 48 STM 16 signal is looped through the ST2400A The signal can be passed through and regenerated unchanged or alarms and errors can be added for conformance and stress testing The ST2400A now has the capabilities to add B1 B2 and B3 errors as well as provide error analysis in active through mode The ST2400A can be used with a companion test set CTS710 to make all of the transmission measurements required to completely test the network system Or the ST2400A can be used without the additional tributary test set to quickly test monitor and verify the 2 4 Gb s signal operation ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set OC 3 or OC 12 NETWORK 2 4 Gb s ADM OC 48 Figure 2 12 ST2400A Through Mode Analysis Example STM 16c OC 48c Application To test STM 16c OC 48c network equipment such as a large backbone router place the ST2400A in Active Through Mode where it will regenerate everything received from the router and send it back out through the Transmit port The user can then create bit errors in the payload or alarms If the router is inserting IP traffic in the STM 16c OC 48c payload the ST2400
117. ll provide Total Errors Errored Seconds ES bit error rate BER and Severely Errored Seconds SES for B1 B2 B3 FEBE L MS REID FEBE P HP REI and Payload Bit TSE errors In SDH mode the ST2400A will provide Errored Blocks EB and Background Block Errors BBE for G 826 error analysis measurement In SDH mode the ST2400A will properly detect and count Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds CSES per G 826 In SONET mode Severely Errored Seconds SES will be counted based on SES criteria in GR 253 CORE Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds will be measured for B1 B2 B3 and MS REI errors and displayed in SDH mode only e In SDH mode all overhead alarms failures and errors are displayed or printed in ITU T terminology for example FEBE is REI FERF is RDI etc e The RS B1 MS B2 HP B3 MS REI HP REI and TSE summary menus include the EB Errored Blocks which is the error count the BBE Background Block Errors the ES Errored Seconds and the SES Severely Errored Seconds These measurements conform to the ITU G 826 standard e The submenu BBER Background Block Error Ratio ESR Errored Seconds Ratio and SESR Severely Errored Seconds Ratio conforms to the ITU G 826 standard e The submenu AEB ABBE AES and ASES are the Errored Blocks Background Block Errors Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds counted during Available time conforming to the ITU M 2101 standard e The menu UAS Unavailable
118. lysis firmware version 5 0 and above support for VT 100 terminal emulation in older SONET versions of the ST2400 and ST2400A has been deleted and will not be supported To determine if a TX board is B3 capable the return value from the remote command tx_brd_rev must be greater than or equal to 35 To determine if an RX board is B3 capable the return value from the remote command rx_brd_rev must be greater than or equal to 9 In order to use the B3 Path Analysis functionality it is also necessary to purchase Option 42 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 39 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 3 40 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Appendices Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com rtisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Temperature Ranges Operating Temperature 0 to 40 degrees Centigrade Storage Temperature 20 to 60 degrees Centigrade ST 2400A shall operate over temperature range 0 to 31 C with relative humidity lt 80 non condensing and up to 40 C with a relative humidity lt 50 non condensing ST 2400A should operate following storage at temperatures ranging from 20 to 60
119. ms resolution e RX mapping PRBS 2 23 and 2 23 Inverted PRBS 2 31 per ITU T 0 151 and 2 31 Inverted per ITU T 0 181 User defined byte 0x00 to OxFF RX Channel Selection under RX Trib button NOTE Option 42 must be purchased for B3 capabilities To determine if a TX board is B3 capable the return value from the remote command tx_brd_rev must be greater than or equal to 35 To determine if an RX board is B3 capable the return value from the remote command rx_brd_rev must be greater than or equal to 9 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 1 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started The ST2400A meets the needs of development manufacturing and service engineers by providing the capabilities for e System interrogation and conformance testing e Manufacturing Production Testing e Network Integrity testing e Network Performance monitoring e Network Troubleshooting Bellcore CLEI and CPR Product Codes Bellcore COMMON LANGUAGE Product Codes are available for the ST2400A upon request Accessories Some accessories are included with the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set If you wish to purchase optional accessory contact your local Tektronix Representative Standard User Manual Certificate of Traceable Calibration Front Cover Power Cord Optional Rackmount Carrying Case Interface Cables RS 232 C GPIB Centronics RS 232 C
120. n monitored by means of an Error Detection Code EDC such as Bit Interleaved Parity BIP Block Error rate BLER is calculated with this formula BLER errored blocks received total block sent Bit Interleaved Parity BIP A parity check that groups all the bits in a block into units such as byte then performs a parity check for each bit position in a group ST2400AA SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary Bit Stuffing In asynchronous systems a technique used to synchronize asynchronous signals to a common rate before multiplexing Bit synchronous A way of mapping payload into virtual tributaries that synchronizes all inputs into the VTs but does not capture any framing information or allow access to subrate channels carried in each input For example bit synchronous mapping of a channeled DS1 into a VT1 5 does not provide access to the DSO channels carried by the DS1 Bits per second bps The number of bits passing a point every second The transmission rate for digital information Broadband Services requiring 50 600 Mb s transport capacity Byte interleaved Bytes from each STS 1 are placed in sequence in a multiplexed or concatenated STS N signal For example for an STS 3 the sequence of bytes from contributing STS 1s is 1 2 3 1 2 3 Byte synchronous A way of mapping payload into virtual tributaries that
121. n the incoming path VT Path Remote Failure Indication RFI V A signal applicable only to a VT1 5 with the byte synchronous DS1 mapping that is returned to the transmitting VT PTE upon declaring certain failures The RFI V signal was previously known as the VT Path Yellow signal VT Path Terminating Equipment VT PTE Equipment that terminates the SONET VT Path layer VT PTE interprets and modifies or creates the VT Path Overhead An NE that contains VT PTE will also contain STS PTE LTE and STE Wander Long term variations in a waveform Wideband Services requiring 1 5 50 Mb s transport capacity Yellow Signal See Remote Alarm Indication RAI and VT Path Remote Failure Indication RFI V ST2400A SONET User Manual G 9 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary SONET Reference Materials G 10 Bellcore GR 253 CORE SONET Transport Systems Common Generic Criteria Consult this document for an up to date listing of Generic Requirements GR Technical References TR Technical Advisories TA Special Reports SR EIA TIA Documents American National Standards Institute ANSI documents ITU T and CCITT Recommendations ISO documents IEEE documents Other Relevant Standards SONET SDH ANSI T1 101 1994 Synchronization Interface Standard ANSI T1 102 1993 Digital Hierarchy Electrical Interfaces Bellcore GR 2918 CORE Generic criteria f
122. ndicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product Symbols on the Product The following symbols may appear on the product DANGER High Voltage S A Cc Protective Ground ATTENTION Double Insulated Earth Terminal Refer to Manual Certifications and Compliance CSA Certified Power Cords CSA Certification includes the products and power cords appropriate for use in the North American power network All other power cords supplied are approved for the country of use ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Preface Preface This manual describes how to use the Tektronix ST2400A SONET Test Set This manual is your primary source of information about how the ST2400A SONET Test Set functions How This Manual is Organized This manual is divided into four sections Getting Started Operating Basics Reference and Appendices e Getting Started provides an overview of the ST2400A SONET Test Set and describes first time operation e Operating Basics explains the basic principles of operating the ST2400A The Operating Basics section also includes sample ST2400A applications e Reference provides explanations of how to perform detailed tasks e The Appendic
123. now says ACTIVE In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for REJ FEBE and AIS are now lit B2 will flash and go out On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows RS B1 and MS B2 on the top line On the display observe that MS B2 has an error reading that is actively counting errors On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the MS AIS menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 10 In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for REI FEBE and AIS are now off 11 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 9 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Inject LOS Alarm In this part the transmitter injects a loss of signal alarm and you verify the responses of the receiver There are eight steps in this section of the procedure l On the transmitter side of the front panel press ALARM until the display shows the Inject LOS menu 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select ENABLE and then press ENTER 3 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the LOS LOF OOF B1 B2 and REI FEBE LEDs flash on and off continuously every 2 5 seconds 4 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER 5 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that all of
124. ns The lasers in the ST2400A are Class IIIA per IEC 825 1 for SDH and Class IIIB per 21 CFR 1040 for SONET ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 1 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started Ordering Information ST2400A STM 16 OC 48 SDH SONET Transceiver Includes 2 488 Gbit s Transmitter and Receiver with electrical clock and data tributary add drop power cord user manual Add wideband receive optics and 1310 nm IR 2 488 Gbit s laser Add wideband receive optics and 1550 nm long reach 2 488 Gbit s laser 2 488 Gbit s laser 2 488 Gbit s laser ST2400R STM 16 OC 48 SDH SONET Receiver Includes 2 488 Gbit s Receiver with electrical clock and data tributary drop power cord user manual 11 Receive only with 2 4 Gbit s wideband optics ST2400T STM 16 OC 48 SDH SONET Transmitter Includes 2 488 Gbit s Transmitter with electrical clock and data tributary add power cord user manual 35 Add switchable 1310 nm IR laser and G 692 specific frequency long reach 2 488 Gbit s laser A 42 07 02 03 05 07 C3 C5 D3 D5 R5 1 2 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started Overview SONET The ST2400A Transceiver version can transmit and receive OC 48 signals The ST2400A has the ability to receive generate and modify an OC 12c or OC 48c si
125. nstrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Transmitter Status Indicators The 155 622 INPUT STATUS section has five LED indicators three yellow and two red The SELECT key is used to choose between the two optical inputs and one electrical When the input is external the yellow LEDs indicate which input has been chosen The two red indicators are labeled LOS Loss Of Signal and LOF Loss Of Frame They monitor the 155 and 622 inputs for those alarm conditions Both LEDs are off when the appropriate incoming signal is present They are disabled when the unit is internally generating a 2 4 Gb s or is in the through mode see the Mode Key section Mode Key Pressing the MODE key will access the Transmitter input selection menu It is used to choose one of the three data sources that will produce the 2 4 Gb s output signal and select the wavelength when a dual wavelength Transmitter option is installed The three choices are EXT an external input tributary from the Transmitter front panel INT an internally generated 2 4 Gb s signal and THRU a through input from the Receiver section There are also choices for Pattern Selection Mapping Selection and External Sync Input options under the MODE key The EXT input can be 155 Mb s optical OC 3 622 Mb s optical OC 12 or 155 Mb s CMI electrical signal The appropriate yellow status LED will indicate the input signal The EXT sub menu choices
126. nter key will access that NO or YES menu that defaults to NO Moving the cursor to YES and pressing the Enter key will restore the factory default configuration Pressing the Setup key will return to the STORE RECALL SETUP display STORE RECALL SETUP lt USER gt FACTORY DEFAULT Report Test Time Menu The REPORT TEST TIME Main Menu is used to access seven submenus that are used to configure the measurement control test time and report setup Pressing the Enter key will access the MEASURE CONTROL menu This menu is available in Transceiver or Receiver configurations REPORT TEST TIME lt ENTER gt 1 The MEASURE CONTROL menu sets the test cycle to be used when the run key is pressed UNTIMED will run until the stop key is pressed TIMED will run the test for the duration of time set in the TEST TIME menu REPEAT will run the test for the duration of time set in the TEST TIME menu then start the test again The stop key can stop any test that is running ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 2 Next is the TEST TIME menu used to set the test run duration in terms of days D hours HH minutes MM and seconds SS The maximum time supported is 9 days 23 hours 59 minutes and 59 seconds Press the Enter key to store any changes and the Setup key to move to the next menu 3 Next is the REPORT SETUP
127. oltage Range Frequency Range 1 8 110 VAC 90 VAC 132 VAC 48 62 Hz 250 Watts 220 VAC 180 VAC 250 VAC 48 62 Hz 250 Watts ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Operating Basics Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com rtisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview This section describes ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set controls indicators connectors display elements and menu structures It includes separate sections that detail Receiver and Transmitter specifics and general sections that apply to both Front Panel Controls Indicators and Connectors Figure 2 1 shows a complete view of the front panel A WARNING Always avoid exposure to the laser beam Before power is applied to the ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set be sure that all laser outputs are either covered with the screw cap provided or connected to the appropriate circuit The lasers in the ST2400A SONET are U S Class IIIB per 21 CFR 1040 ENTER RUN STOP SETUP PAUSE RESUME gt O TRIB OVHD Los LoF Fy os B1 ais g oO LOF 82 RDIFERF 155 2 048 CLK IN OOF REI FEBE ALARM ERROR 155 prop SELECT vi eze E HISTORY O OVHD MODE TRIB 155 622 INPUT 2 4 Gb s
128. om bit in the byte The B1 rate ranges from 2 5E 5 to 0 1E 9 The B2 rate ranges from 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 Selected Channel Single error or error rate caused by inverting a random bit in a specific OC 3 or STS 3 of the 2 488 Gb s signal Selected channel error rate ranges from 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 All channels Single error or error rate caused by inverting a random bit in the 2 488 Gb s signal All channel error rate ranges from 1 0E 3 to 0 1E 9 FEBE L The OC 48 M1 byte is overwritten to convey the error count Defect Alarm Generation LOS 2 488 Gb s output is forced to all zeros for a user selected time from to 127 microseconds with a resolution of 1 microseconds or 0 1 to 9 9 seconds or continuously LOF OOF All of the Al and A2 bytes of the 2 488 Gb s output are inverted for a user selected time The time is selected in frames up to 127 or 0 1 9 9 seconds or continuous AIS L The Line OH and the entire SPE are set to all ones fora user selected time The time is selected in frames up to 127 or 0 1 to 9 9 seconds or continuous FERF L The 110 code is set in the three least significant bits of the K2 byte for a user selected time The time is selected in frames up to 127 or 0 1 to 9 9 seconds or continuous Source Monitoring External SONET inputs to the generator section are monitored to ensure valid signals for multiplexing and timing generation LOS Detects the Loss of Signal alarm by monitoring the user select
129. on A 4 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Overhead Manipulation Specifications The Section Overhead and Line Overhead are constructed as follows In External Add mode overhead bytes are copied from the multiplexed tributary In the A mode copies are used to fill the entire OC 48 overhead in the Single mode one copy is sent to the selected channel and the remaining channels are filled with the Unequipped channel overhead In the Internal mode all channels are filled with the Unequipped channel overhead In through mode the overhead is copied from the incoming OC 48 The JO byte is set to 1 15 ZO bytes and 32 National Use bytes formerly C1 bytes are numbered from 2 to 48 The first OC 3 or STS 3 of the OC 48 signal overhead bytes can be edited by the user see below error injection can be added and finally B1 and B2 parity bytes are calculated Overhead byte editing The following Transport Overhead TOH bytes of the first STS 1 of the OC 48 frame can be edited and selected individually or as a group JO E1 F1 D1 D3 group selected C2 K1 K2 D4 D12 group selected S1 M1 E2 The following TOH bytes of the first STS 1 of the OC 48 frame CANNOT be edited Al A2 B1 B2 H1 H3 J1 Some TOH bytes can be altered thru alarm and error generation as follows Generating errored frames will invert A1
130. opening the fuse panel or disconnecting the rear panel AC interlock 2 12 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Laser Lockout Remote Interlock LASER LOCKOUT is a safety device The key switch disables the Transmitter s 2 4 Gb s laser output when it is turned to the 0 zero position The laser output can only be turned on when the key is in the 1 one position REMOTE INTERLOCK is a bantam plug normally closed connection internally wired in series with the laser lockout key switch It can be used with additional hardware to disable the Transmitter 2 4 Gb s laser output NOTE The Transmitter 2 4 Gb s Laser output cannot be enabled unless e The Laser Lockout key switch is set to the on 1 position e The Remote Interlock which is normally enabled is either not used or externally enabled e The Laser output is software enabled Z WARNING Before activating the 2 4 Gb s LASER its output must be connected to a circuit A CAUTION Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its Receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector SYNC Output SMA SYNC Output Clock Trigger is an AC coupled output The voltage level is 300 mV peak to peak minimum This output requires an external 50 Ohm termination to work properly This output generates a sync output
131. or SONET Point to Point WDM Systems in the 1550nm Region Bellcore GR 2918 ILR Full Report of Non Closed Issues for GR 2918 CORE ITU T G 652 Characteristics of single mode optical fibre cable ITU T G 691 Optical interfaces for single channel SDH systems with optical amplifiers and STM 64 systems ITU T G 692 G mcs draft Optical interfaces for multi channel systems with optical amplifiers ITU T G 703 Physical electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces ITU T G 707 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH bit rates ITU T G 783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH Equipment Functional Blocks ITU T G 813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks SEC ITU T G 826 Error performance parameters and objectives for international constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate ST2400AA SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary ITU T G 957 Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy ITU T G 958 Digital line systems based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy for use on optical fiber cables ST2400A SONET User Manual G 11 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Glossary G 12 ST2400AA SONET User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 88
132. oseconds of the Loss of Signal LOS and Loss of Frame LOF and the twelve and thirteenth displays permit JO and J1 trace selection menus with selection of 16 byte or 64 byte trace B3 path trace capability adds the following bytes J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 Z3 Z4 and N1 These overhead bytes are only displayed with the B3 path trace capability ASCII Synchronization Messages S1 byte For convenience both the SONET and SDH modes are compared below The S1 byte is in hexadecimal The unused SONET values are left blank The unknown SDH value is marked with three question marks and unused codes are marked RES reserved SiByte SONET SDH S1Byte SONET SDH ne OE ee or PRS Res o9 CT RES o2 amp o S3 RES S1 Byte SSM ST2400A includes S1 byte changes as events which can initiate print on event When Synchronization Status Message SSM in S1 byte changes a time stamped report of SSM can be printed indicating new SSM contents SSM byte changes are decoded in clear text per G 707 SDH and GR 253 SONET ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 35 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Automatic Protection Switching APS From the top line The direction can be UNI unidirectional BI bi directional FERF L Far End Receive Failure Line AIS Alarm Indication Signal or four asterisks indicating none of the fo
133. ows B2 on the bottom left corner Observe that BER 1 0E 3 NOTE B1 BER will not measure 1 0E 3 since this exceeds the maximum error rate measurable with B1 11 12 13 14 15 error detection Also MS REI will not measure 1 0E 3 since random error injection will only cause REI errors when the M1 byte containing the REI count is errored On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Random BER Inject menu Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER Observe that the red LED within the ERROR switch is now off In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REI FEBE are now off On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows RS B1 and MS B2 on the top line Observe that the errors have stopped increasing On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual B 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Transport Overhead Path Overhead SDH This section of the procedure ensures that the editing function is working accurately Leave the setup as it was in the last section l 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 B 6 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows JO on the top right side
134. rate measurement The B2 error counter has been updated to read every 20 ms instead of every 100 ms to extend the maximum B2 error rate which can be measured B2 errors will be accurately counted up to error rates of 1 0E 3 for evenly distributed errors e To determine if a TX board is B3 capable the return value from the remote command tx_brd_rev must be greater than or equal to 35 To determine if an RX board is B3 capable the return value from the remote command rx_brd_ rev must be greater than or equal to 9 Menus for B3 Path Analysis will be hidden if the proper hardware is not present in the ST2400A test unit In order to use the B3 Path Analysis functionality it is also necessary to purchase Option 42 e B3 Path Analysis J0 J1 Path Trace displayed as ASCII text e Print on Event function gives a printed error count for event seconds containing B1 B2 and B3 Pattern Bit Path REI Path Alarms LOP Path AIS Path RDI FEBE L MS REJ errors as well as S1 SSM byte changes e Error Reporting In both SONET and SDH mode the ST2400A will provide Total Errors Errored Seconds ES bit error rate BER and Severely Errored Seconds SES for B1 B2 B3 FEBE P and FEBE L MS REJ errors In SDH mode the ST2400A will provide Errored Blocks EB and Background Block Errors BBE for G 826 error analysis measurement In SDH mode the ST2400A will properly detect and count Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds CSES per G 826 In
135. rd tributary interfaces e STS 3 155 Mb s electrical e OC 3 155 Mb s optical e OC 12 622 Mb s optical e Interface to STE LTE and other test equipment With firmware version 5 0 Option 42 the following new features are added to capabilities of the ST2400A e Payload bit error injection B3 Injection on the TX side TSE e B3 Path FEBE Payload bit error count measurement on the RX side e Alarm signal status RX Path FERF Loss of Pointer Path AIS Path FEBE e Path Overhead Monitor RX Displays value of following bytes J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 Z3 F3 Z4 N1 e For the path overhead C2 byte added at TX Path Signal Label C2 Identifies High Order Path Label Unequipped and High Order Path Label Mismatch C2 byte can be set to any value from 0x00 to OxFF e B3 Path Analysis J1 Path Trace displayed as ASCII text e Tx Patterns PRBS 2 31 and 2 31 Inverted Fixed 00 to FF TX Mode button e Pointers Read only menu under RX Trib button Pointer Value displayed 0 to 782 Pointer Measurement Counts for Positive Pointer Justifications Negative Pointer Justifications New Data Flag NDF e Extended capability of View History button more LEDs virtual LEDs e APS Switch Time measurement LOF LOS durations APS testing can be performed by causing protection switch via control of K1 K2 bytes and then displaying time to restore frame synchronization Highly accurate LOF timer enables this test to be performed with lt 1
136. rrors If 4 or more consecutive frames have errors OOF is declared and reframing is attempted If OOF persists for more than 3 milliseconds LOF is declared AIS The K2 byte is monitored for occurrence of all ones in three least significant bits e SONET If it occurs in five consecutive frames MS AIS AIS L is declared FERF L e The K2 byte is monitored for occurrence of the 110 code in three least significant bits e SONET If it occurs in five consecutive frames MS RDI FERF L is declared Overhead Display Approximately every 100 milliseconds each byte of the first OC 3 or STS 3 Transport Overhead is extracted and displayed ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET APS Display Approximately every 100 milliseconds the K1 and K2 bytes are extracted The bytes are decoded into the APS messages modes and channels and displayed SONET SDH Drop Modes The analyzer drops a SONET SDH signal at either 155 Mb s or 622 Mb s A valid SONET SDH signal is constructed from a fraction of the 2 488 Gb s input data and overhead 155 Drop Mode Data User selects 1 of the 16 155 Mb s channels in the 2 488 Gb s input data to copy to the drop signal Overhead B1 B2 in dropped STM 1 are recalculated by the ST2400A H1 H2 and H3 are copied from the selected drop channels The remainder of the drop signal over
137. s for B1 B2 and REJ FEBE still remain lit On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to restart a test On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows B2 on the bottom left corner Observe that BER 1 0E 3 NOTE B1 BER will not measure 1 0E 3 since this exceeds the maximum error rate measurable with B1 error detection Also MS REI FEBE L will not measure 1 0E 3 since random error injection will only cause REI errors when the M1 byte containing the REI count is errored 11 On the transmitter side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows the Random BER Inject menu 12 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select OFF and then press ENTER Observe that the red LED within the ERROR switch is now off 13 In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error lights for B1 B2 and REJ FEBE are now off 14 On the receiver side of the front panel press ERROR until the display shows B1 B2 and FEBE L across the top line Observe that all of the errors have stopped increasing 15 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors B 12 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test Transport Overhead Path Overhead SONET This section of the procedure ensures that the editing function is working accurately Leave the setup as it was in the last section There are twenty
138. s operating at 2 488 Gb s Base Transceiver configuration provides 2 488 Gb s electrical interfaces and 155 622 Mb s optical and electrical add drop tributary interfaces Transmitter configurations do not include 155 622 optical and electrical drop interface Receiver configurations do not include 155 622 optical and electrical add interface The user can able to individually enable and disable laser 1 if installed laser 2 if installed and electrical outputs Multiple outputs can be simultaneously active NOTE RX will not measure correctly if both TX lasers are enabled and looped back to RX since RX contains a single broadband optical detector which is not wavelength selective The ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set is designed to integrate directly with the ST112 SONET Transmission Test Set OC 3 or OC 12 Transmission Analyzers for DS1 through OC 48 testing The ST2400A unit operates with many other OC 3 and OC 12 test sets that accept 155 or 622 Mb s optical signals and the 155 Mb s CMI electrical signal such as the Tektronix CTS 710 ST103A ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 1 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Getting Started 1 4 ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set Features and Capabilities e OC 48 SONET Section and Line Testing B1 B2 B3 Error Generation B1 B2 B3 Error Measurement RS and MS Alarm Generation Path REI Path Alarms Pattern Bit
139. s used to select between multiplexing the external source tributary into 1 of 16 channels or all 16 channels of the 2 4 Gb s channel It refers to the optical tributary source Illegal Mode TX MODE EXT MUST BE SELECTED Figure 3 14 Transmitter Alarms If the TRIB or INPUT SELECT keys are pressed when the Transmitter is in the INT internal or THRU through mode the illegal mode display will be exhibited for three seconds and then switched to the TX MODE SELECTION menu ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 19 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Alarm Generation Menus SONET The left column shows the four SONET alarm displays that will be scrolled in a loop each time the Transmitter alarm key is pressed The right side shows the same alarm displays when the continuous mode is being accessed The arrow keys increment and decrement keys and the Enter key are used to modify the alarm conditions and access the continuous displays LOSS OF SIGNAL lt OFF gt nnn usec x xSec gt LOSS OF SIGNAL ERRORED FRAME lt OFF gt nnn usec lt CONT gt lt OFF gt nnnFRAMES x xSec ERRORED FRAME FERF L lt OFF gt nnnFRAMES lt CONT gt lt OFF gt nnnFRAMES x xSec FERF L Line AIS lt OFF gt nnnFRAMES lt CONT gt lt OFF gt nnnFRAMES x xSec Line AIS lt OFF gt nnnFRAMES lt CONT gt INJECT xxxx 2 5s OFF ENABLE WAIT 2 5s Figure 3
140. ss 2 15 Passive MOMmitoring cccececseescessceeseceseceeecaeecseeeeeeeeeeseeesecsecaeceaecsaecaeecaeeeaeeeaeeneeenseees 2 15 Active Analysis os ciacesesieiivtes atsteess erian E apa an ONTE EEEE iHa A E novice SEDE ents EEEE KEENE 2 16 Active Through Mode Analysis cccccsccsssssscesecsseceecsecaeecaeeeseeeaeeseesseeeeeseeeseeeeeeeneeeas 2 17 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Example STM 16c OC 48c Application cesses eceeeceeeeeeeeceeeceeserenaeeeeeaeentes 2 17 ST2400A SONET version and OC 486 ccceecceescessecsecssecseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeesaeenaecneeeaeenees 2 18 Reference Sel p Men s s chssesisscessscessescavenvensstwaceassvdeeevensesoausosens scunccaususecesestuavbusschasstensessmesnsesssosveenae 3 1 WoaSGr MGNUS iss ss 2 scocssaactisscecssetesasecesnaesstetssideduzesesccndeslessncsancecsiystasadecabecescastnendasbeseaioness 3 4 Laser Module Si emrenin aae EN e DE ia E EE nate 3 5 TX Event Trigger Output Menu ccccesccssesssssseeescesscseecesecesecaecseeceeecaeeeaeseneeeneeseees 3 6 View Angle Menlis 2caieiinsdseseeniiins ties iadecbags eens ede des Ae een 3 7 Store Recall Setup Menu cccecccescesecsseeseceeecseecseeeseceeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeseeaeeaesaecaeeaeeaaes 3 7 Report Test Time Mem tenernos n E S 3 7 Auxiliary Setup Men seiersesimmarireroripe iaer errar eaS EE EEEE ERE EEE E RTE EE 3
141. synchronizes all inputs into the VTs captures framing information and allows access to subrate channels carried in each input For example byte synchronous mapping of a channeled DS1 into a VT1 5 provides direct access to the DSO channels carried by the DS1 CCITT The technical organs of the United Nations specialized agency for telecommunications now the International Telecommunications Union They function through international committees of telephone administrations and private operating agencies CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations The CEPT format defines the 2 048 Mb s European T1 E1 signal made up of 32 voice frequency channels Channel The smallest subdivision of a circuit that provides a type of communication service usually a path with only one direction Circuit A communications path or network usually a pair of channels providing bi directional communication Circuit Switching Basic switching process whereby a circuit between two users is opened on demand and maintained for their exclusive for the duration of the transmission Coding Violation CV A transmission error detected by the difference between the transmitted and the locally calculated bit interleaved parity Concatenate The linking together of various data structures for example two bandwidths joined to form a single bandwidth Concatenated STS Nc A signal in which the STS Envelope Capacities from the N S
142. the HEX field on the first row as shown below If the character being edited on the second row is less than 0x20 hex or greater than 0x7F hex the character will be displayed as a filled in box in the center of the field the correct value will still be displayed in the HEX field 16 BYTE lt EDIT gt CLR HEX 54 TEK ST2400A CRC F4 3 24 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference When 64 byte trace is selected 62 editable bytes of 64 byte trace are set to bytes stored in 64 byte trace memory Last two bytes are set to lt CR gt lt LF gt Factory default trace is Tek ST2400A lt 51 Nulls gt lt CR gt lt LF gt When CLR is selected 62 editable bytes of 64 byte trace are cleared to nulls hex 00 and lt CR gt lt LF gt is placed in last two characters When trace characters are selected left arrow right arrow INC DEC and ENTER are used to navigate trace and edit characters If trace contains non printable ASCII characters those characters are displayed as a filled in box When cursor is in right most character position and right arrow key is pressed trace is shifted left so character and cursor previously in right most character position now appear in left most character position with 21 following characters displayed in remaining positions As shown below arrow indicator is displayed in
143. the 2 488 Gb s SONET SDH signal input to the analyzer The clock recovered from this input generates the output signal Source Frequency Range 2 48832 Gb s 20 ppm Internal Timing The output timing is obtained from an internal clock source This timing mode can be used if the generator is in internal mode operating stand alone Output Frequency Accuracy 2 48832 Gb s 20 ppm Output Jitter Meets Bellcore GR 253 CORE and ITU G 783 G 813 1 544 Mbps External Reference BITS Clock Timing Only valid in Internal Mode ST 2400A accepts 1 544 Mb s 40ppm BITS input for internal signal generation using external timing synchronization BITS input shall accept signals meeting the requirements of ANSI T1 101 1994 with the exception of frequency tolerance of 40ppm The BITS Input Bantam connector on the rear panel provides this input 2 MHz 2 Mbps External Reference SETS Clock Timing Only valid in Internal Mode ST 2400A accepts 2 048 Mb s 2 048 MHz 40ppm SETS input for internal signal generation using external timing synchronization SETS input shall accept signals meeting the requirements of G 703 section 10 2 048 Mb s and section 6 2 048 MHz with the exception of frequency tolerance of 40ppm The 155 2 048 BNC connector on the front panel provides this input ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 15 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifi
144. the error lights now remain off 6 On the front panel press RUN STOP twice to clear all errors B 10 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Incoming Inspection Test OC48 SONET Quick Setup This section of the procedure verifies that the SONET mode for OC48 is functioning properly The quick setup places the unit into a default mode which selects specific settings for the unit These default settings are preprogrammed and therefore consistent from unit to unit Leave the setup as it was in the last section 1 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the Auxiliary Setup menu Press ENTER 2 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the System Configuration menu 3 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SONET and then press ENTER The display then shows a message stating that the program is restarting due to mode change Wait until unit reboots 4 On the front panel press SETUP until the display shows the LASER 1 menu NOTE For dual wavelength ST2400As the following tests should also be repeated for LASER 2 5 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select ON and then press ENTER 6 The transmitter and the receiver sides should now be linked error free Parity and Random Errors SONET At this point you have determined that the unit links error free The next step is to inject some errors and verify that
145. the unit responds correctly This section is split into two parts Single Error Inject Test and Error Rate Inject Test Leave the setup as it was in the last section Single Error Inject Test In this part the transmitter is set to generate OC 48 from sixteen STS 3c signals containing the PN23 test pattern then injects single errors into the receiver and verifies the responses of the receiver 1 On the transmitter side press MODE until the display shows the INT TX STS 1 TEST PATT menu 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select PN23 then press ENTER 3 On the transmitter side press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu 4 On the front panel verify that the RUN mode is active 5 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select B1 and then press ENTER twice 6 Inthe 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that error light for B1 flashes twice 7 On the receiver side press ERROR until the display shows B1 on the bottom left corner Observe that B1 errored seconds ES 1 or 2 and total errors TOT 2 8 On the transmitter side press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu 9 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select B2 and then press ENTER twice 10 In the 2 4Gb s STATUS section observe that the error light for B2 flashes twice 11 On the receiver side press ERROR until the display shows B2 on the bottom left corner Observe that B2 errored seconds ES 1 or 2 and total errors TOT 2 12 On the front pane
146. time 25 cycle_alarm_type LOS cycle_error_inject_time 0 cycle error dwell time 0 cycle_error_type OFF tx_channel 1 tx_chan_replicate_mode 0 tx_input_mode INTERNAL tx_wavelength 1310 or 1550 depending on DUAL Wavelength or NOT tx_input_rate OFF tx_optic_on OFF tx_event_trigger EVENT _TRIGGER_ ALARM tx_single_err mode OFF 2 4Gb s single error type tx_single_err_chan 1 single error on a specified sts 1 oh bytes 10 4J 0 All are 0 except for the ones below oh_bytes 0 2 0x01 JO was C1 oh_bytes 1 1 0x7f El oh_bytes 8 2 0x7f E2 tx_allchan_err_mode OFF B2 all channel error inject tx_payload_mapping STS1 SONET or VC4 SDH Payload Pattern choice tx_payload_select All Zeros Payload Pattern choice tx_ext_sync_input OFF External sync input toh_group_overlay_word 0 TOH BYTE GROUPS C 2 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Factory Defaults IO Board Parameters tx_elec_output OFF rx_elec_input OPTICAL if APD is present otherwise ELECTRICAL Laser power OFF Laser wavelength offset 0 TX elec output OFF System Parameters menu key 0 quick _set INT 155 setup_store_mode OFF setup_store_select 0 System Parameters NOT reset by rst gpib_term 0 rs232_baud 9600 rs232_baud_code 0 rs232_parity EVEN rs232_char_size 0 rs232_char_size_sel 1 rs232_eol CR
147. ting output 2 488 Gb s signal from externally added 155 Mb s optical or electrical CMI inputs 2 488 Gb s output signal timing is derived from externally added 155 Mb s input so no pointer adjustments are required or generated 155 All Replicate Mode Data 2 488 Gb s output is made from 16 copies of the user selected incoming 155 Mb s optical or electrical data 155 Single Channel Mode Data 2 488 Gb s output is made from 1 copy of the selected incoming 155 Mb s optical or electrical data in a user selected channel The remaining 15 channels are filled with unequipped STS 3c or 3 x STS 1 structured STS 3 bulk filled with the user selected test pattern all zeros PN23 or inverted PN23 ITU T O 181 test pattern ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET 622 Mb s External Add Modes These modes are valid when generating output 2 488 Gb s signal from externally added 622 Mb s optical input 2 488 Gb s output signal timing is derived from externally added 622 Mb s input so no pointer adjustments are required or generated 622 All Replicate Mode Data 2 488 Gb s output is made from four copies of the 622 Mb s incoming data 622 Single Channel Mode Data 2 488 Gb s output is made from copy of the incoming 622 Mb s data in a user selected channel The remaining 3 OC 12 channels are each filled with 4 copies
148. tree that appears earlier in this chapter Pressing the Setup key will loop back to the QUICK SETUP starting menu Pressing the Enter key will access the Auxiliary Setup menus TIME is the first submenu accessed from the auxiliary setup menu It is used to store the year current YY month MM day DD hours HH minutes MM and seconds SS in a battery backed memory Whenever changes are made the Enter key LED will start flashing Once set the operator setting will be retained when the Test Set is powered off Use the Setup key to access the GPIB port characteristics menu The port address is an integer from 0 to 31 It can be changed with the INC or DEC keys The Enter key LED will flash push it before proceeding Either an EOI End Or Identify or EOI LF End Or Identify with a Line Feed can be used to terminate the GPIB message sent by the ST2400A Next is the RS 232 SETUP menu Pressing the Enter key will access to the first of six port configuration submenus They store the characteristics for BAUD rate PARITY CHAR character SIZE END OF LINE ECHO and XON XOFF flow control 3 8 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Power Fail Recovery A power recovery and test resume after restart capability is user selectable The first choice is Laser turned off on power fail recovery and the testing does not resume
149. ts through a bias tee termination data valid when sampled within 4 At high input voltage 25 C V max t50 ps of center of data eye SMA connectors ECL specifications 0 98 V min At low input voltage 25 C 1 95 V min and 1 63 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual A 13 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Specifications SONET Signal Name 155 Mb s 622 Mb s Output Data Connector FC PC standard ST or SC available Type Optical Wavelength 1310 nm 1273 to 1355 nm Average Power 15 dBm minimum Maximum Average Power 8 dBm Category IR 1 Fiber Type Single Mode Description 155 or 622 Mb s data output from demultiplexer intended for connection to supplemental test equipment Safety Classification Class I per 21 CFR 1040 Signal Name 155 Mb s Electrical Output Connector BNC 75 Q Type CMI per Bellcore GR 253 CORE and CCITT Rec G 708 G 709 CMI is adjusted and guaranteed to meet output pulse mask only at room temperature 25 degrees C 5 degrees C Description 155 Mb s electrical data output from demultiplexer intended for connection to supplemental test equipment GPIB I O Connector signal level and protocol per IEEE 488 2 Description Byte serial industry standard instrument interface used for remote or automated control of the ST2400A Serial I O RS232C Connector signal level and protocol per ANSI RS 23
150. two steps in this section of the procedure 1 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows JO on the top right side 2 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SET 3 Using the INC DEC keys change JO to 51 and then press ENTER 4 On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows A1 A2 and JO on the top right side 5 On the display observe that JO equals 51 6 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows JO on the top right side 7 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select PASS and then press ENTER 8 On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows A1 A2 and JO on the top right side 9 On the display observe that JO equals 01 10 On the transmitter side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side 11 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select SET and select D7 12 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D7 to AA 13 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select D8 14 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D8 to 11 15 Using the LEFT RIGHT cursors select D9 16 Using the INC DEC keys and the LEFT RIGHT cursors change D9 to 05 and then press ENTER 17 On the receiver side of the front panel press OVHD until the display shows D7 D8 and D9 on the top right side 18 On the display observe that D7 D8 and D9 all reflect
151. u is changed to OPTICAL RX OPTICS DISABLED ATTENUATE amp lt RESET gt BYP ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference View Angle Menu The VIEW ANGLE can be set to one of eight integers 0 through 7 Zero should be the best view angle when the ST2400A Test Set is positioned below the operator and 7 is best when the operator is looking up at the front panel The change is interactive it is executed whenever the increment or decrement key is pressed In the same menu the VOLUME can be set using integers 0 through 9 Zero is off and 9 is the loudest Errors and alarms activate the beeper unless the volume is set to zero The operator setting will be retained when the Test Set is powered off Store Recall Setup Menu The STORE RECALL SETUP menu is next It is used to access either the USER stored setup or the FACTORY DEFAULT setup Pressing the Enter key will access the submenu from which one of the ten LOC locations can be RCLL recalled or STOR stored Up to ten individual user setups can be saved in memory locations 0 through 9 A unique 10 character label can be stored with each saved setup The arrow keys are used to position the cursor anywhere in the label area and the INC or DEC key is used to scroll through the ASCII characters including numbers and symbols Moving the cursor to FACTORY DEFAULT and pressing the E
152. uct only as specified To avoid potential hazards use this product only as specified Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures While using this product you may need to access other parts of the system Read the General Safety Summary in other system manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system Injury Precautions Use Proper Power Cord To avoid fire hazard use only the power cord specified for this product Avoid Electric Overload To avoid electric shock or fire hazard do not apply a voltage to a terminal that is outside the range specified for that terminal Ground the product This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord To avoid electric shock the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product ensure that the product is properly grounded Do not operate without covers To avoid electric shock or fire hazard do not operate this product with covers or panels removed Use Proper Fuse To avoid fire hazard use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product Do not operate in Wet Damp Conditions To avoid electric shock do not operate this product in wet or damp conditions ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual viii Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Safety Summary Do not operate in Explos
153. umentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference e CONT Turns the alarm condition on continuously generating a hard failure To access this hidden field see x xSec above Pressing the Enter key will turn on the alarm continuously displaying an asterisk and the word ACTIVE Use the right arrow key to move the cursor to OFF and the Enter key to turn the alarm off Then use the left arrow key to move the cursor back to CONT and the Enter key to activate the alarm Using the alarm key to leave the menu will not turn the alarm off The INJECT xxxx alarm menu permits recurring alarm conditions to be set Position the cursor under the alarm xxxx in this case and use the increment key to select the alarm type Then set the alarm INJECT on time period from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds and the WAIT off time for a period from 1 0 to 30 0 seconds An asterisk will switch between the wait and inject states replacing the letter s indicating which is the active state Only one alarm condition can be activated at any one time Enabling the recurring alarm will disable any other active alarm Moving the cursor to OFF and pressing the Enter key will stop the alarm cycle When off the letter s will appear at the end of both top and bottom LCD display lines ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 21 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Overhead Menus
154. ur line types The Protection can either be 1 1 one to one or 1 N several unallocated lines specified by the number N The Request Line the line requesting to be switched and the Switch Line the line that the Request Line wants to switch to can be any decimal number from 0 to 15 Request Line Protection Direction Switch Line ld APS 1 1 RQ 0 SW 0 0 No Request x Message Figure 3 22 Automatic Protection Switching APS The bottom line of the APS will display one of sixteen possible messages 0 NoRequest e manuaiswicn 9 Notuse SF Lo Priority Not used SF Hi Priority e Wait To Restore Forced Switch Not used Lockout Protect 3 36 ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference Receiver Tributary Select SONET The TRIB key is used to select which tributary will be dropped out of the 2 4 Gb s OC 48 signal One of sixteen 155 Mb s STS 3 OC 3 tributaries or one of four 622 Mb s STS 12 OC 12 tributaries can be selected using the front panel increment and decrement keys This display depends on which drop was selected in the RY DROP SELECT or SONET QUICK SETUP menu off 155 or 622 155 Mb S RX DROP TRIB STS 3 nn 622 Mb s RX TRIB DROP STS 12 n Figure 3 23 Receiver Tributary Select Menus e The first menu is the SONET 155 Mb s tributary select menu used to select 1 of 16
155. ut FC SC or ST An optical connector bulkhead customer specified as FC SC or ST plus cap and chain is mounted on front panel 155 622 Optical Output of all configurations 155 622 Drop optics will be installed and fiber connected to this bulkhead only in TX RX and RX Only configurations TX 2 4 Gb s Optical Output FC SC or ST An optical connector bulkhead customer specified as FC SC or ST plus cap and chain is mounted on front panel 2 4 Gb s Output of all configurations No fiber is connected to this bulkhead in RX Only configurations Optical connector from 2 4 Gb s TX laser s is attached to this bulkhead only in TX RX and TX Only configurations when 1 or 2 optional lasers are ordered RX 2 4 Gb s Optical Input FC SC or ST An optical connector bulkhead customer specified as FC SC or ST plus cap and chain is mounted on front panel 2 4 Gb s Input of all configurations No fiber is connected to this bulkhead in TX Only configurations Optical connector is fiber connected to APD RX only in TX RX and RX Only configurations when optional APD RX is installed ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 2 11 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Functional Overview Remote Indicators The two GPIB front panel LED status indicators are located on the left side of the front panel The Remote Operation REM LED indicates that the ST2400A is being controlled through its
156. yload mapping as 1x 3 x STS 1 or 16 x STS 3c User can also select one of three TX patterns to fill the background of internally generated 2 4 Gbit s signal to which externally supplied 155 or 622 Mbits signal is added EXT mode The user has the same background mapping selections STS1 or STS3c in SONET VC4 in SDH Payload and test patterns are compatible with ITU T 0 181 This option will appear in both INTERNAL or EXTERNAL Transmitter modes The first menu below STS1 STS3c will only appear in SONET measurement mode since VC4 Test Pattern is the only valid option in SDH measurement mode The choice between the asterisks is the choice that can be selected Press the ENTER key to bring up other choices INT TX MAPPING STRUCTURE STS lt i gt 3C 12C 48c INT TX STS3c TEST PATT FIXED lt 00 gt PRBS lt 230181 gt INT TX STS1 TEST PATT FIXED lt 00 gt PRBS lt 230181 gt Figure 3 9 PRBS Mappings MODE button SONET ST2400A SONET Test Set User Manual 3 17 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Reference 3 18 INT TX MAPPING STRUCTURE STS lt 1 gt 3C 12C 48c INT TX STS3c TEST PATT FIXED lt 00 gt PRBS lt 230181 gt INT TX STS1 TEST PATT FIXED lt 00 gt PRBS lt 230181 gt Figure 3 10 PRBS Mappings MODE button SONET THRU Mode THRU MODE MAPPING STS lt 1 gt 3C 12C 48c Figure 3 11 PRBS Mappings THRU

User Manual - Artisan Technology Group

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents