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PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide

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1. 730 power supplies power supplies 410 connectors 9 10 installing 80 81 Ohm s Law 11 selecting for customer 412 testers 408 troubleshooting 456 457 power surges 57 ppt filename extension 146 presentation layer OSI model 320 preventing electric shock 409 preventive maintenance adapter cards inspecting 447 cables inspecting 448 computer cases cleaning 444 445 cooling systems inspecting 445 CPUs inspecting 445 internal computer parts cleaning 443 444 keyboards inspecting 448 laptops 532 535 loose screws checking for 447 networks 334 335 619 operating systems 166 497 Automatic Updates 498 499 backups 172 174 175 planning 166 168 restore points setting 499 501 scheduling 168 172 tasks scheduling 497 498 printers scanners 269 570 574 cleaning 572 574 operating environment guidelines 572 power devices inspecting 447 RAM connections inspecting 445 security related 364 accounts maintaining 655 656 backups 656 658 storage devices inspecting 446 PRI Primary Rate Interface 329 primary corona wire 245 primary partitions 130 477 primary ring 310 print job buffering 567 print servers 562 dedicated PC print servers 563 printers 42 calibrating 559 cartridges disposing of 61 cleaning 572 573 configuring 253 257 258 connecting 254 565 drivers installing 255 256 555 556 dye sublimation 251 Ethernet connections 244 FireWire connections 244 firmw
2. dedicated PC print servers 563 default browser selecting 604 default gateways 325 default operating system installation versus custom installation 472 473 default printers designating 557 settings configuring 557 558 defrag utility 64 169 deleting temporary files 486 487 603 designating default printer 557 designing networks devices selecting 599 601 ISP type selecting 595 598 network cards selecting 598 599 protocols selecting 590 593 topology 589 590 desktop customizing 149 152 desktops comparing with laptops 202 expansion capabilities 204 208 motherboards 202 203 power management 203 204 processors 203 operating systems 123 124 Apple Mac OS 124 Microsoft Windows 124 UNIX Linux 125 devices permissions 647 developing phase laser printer process 246 device drivers 117 updating 167 Device Manager 110 137 156 operating systems optimizing 484 devices 298 bridges 300 hubs 299 modems AT commands 327 328 installing 326 327 multipurpose 302 routers 300 safety procedures 410 selecting 599 601 switches 300 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 293 294 diagnostic tools 63 111 differential backups 173 digital multimeters 63 DIMM dual in line memory module 22 DIP Dual Inline Package chips 22 dir command 121 directory structures 145 147 Windows operating systems 470 DirectX 120 482 Disk Cleanup 64 disk cloning 139 140 Disk Defragmenter operatin
3. Trojan horses 349 viruses 349 worms 349 Thunderbird 616 TIA EIA standards body 312 time management 387 token passing topologies 309 Token Ring 310 tools used by technicians 407 408 antistatic mats 70 antistatic wrist straps 55 68 69 cleaning tools 63 73 75 diagnostic tools 63 111 disk management tools 63 64 ESD tools 62 hand tools 62 63 71 72 flat head screwdrivers 71 hex drivers 72 needle nose pliers 72 part retrievers 72 Phillips head screwdrivers 72 screws 71 tweezers 72 Internet reference tools 65 miscellaneous tools 66 68 personal reference tools 65 protection software tools 64 65 workbenches 70 topologies designing 589 590 Torvalds Linus 125 Torx screwdrivers 62 TPM Trusted Platform Module 357 tracert command testing network connections 612 tracks 131 traffic 359 transfer phase laser printer process 246 transport layer OSI model 318 320 triple core CPUs 18 Trojan horses 349 troubleshooting 378 communication skills 378 netiquette 386 professionalism 379 380 source of problem identifying 380 computer components 448 450 CPU 457 459 memory 457 459 motherboard 454 456 power supplies 456 457 storage devices 451 453 454 customers dealing with angry customers 384 inexperienced customers 385 knowledgeable customers 385 rude customers 383 384 talkative customers 383 data protection 106 107 defined 104 documenting findings actions and outcom
4. 130 security accounts maintaining 655 656 antivirus software updating signature files 365 applications 639 640 backups 656 658 biometric 361 data backups 360 data encryption 359 data security 644 645 data wiping 353 file system security 361 362 firewalls 645 653 hard drives 354 importance of 347 348 local security policies 355 selecting 733 malware protection 653 654 passwords 358 359 640 patches 366 permission levels 646 647 physical 356 357 637 638 643 644 port forwarding configuring 650 651 port triggering configuring 650 651 preventive maintenance 364 service packs 366 smartcards 361 software firewalls 359 threats 348 349 DoS 351 social engineering 352 spam 351 TCP IP attacks 353 Trojan horses 349 viruses 349 worms 349 troubleshooting 367 370 658 667 two factor 643 web security 350 wireless 362 363 MAC address filtering 649 SSIDs 648 security policies 634 elements of 635 issues addressed by 636 637 segments 300 selecting adapter cards 419 420 capture cards 422 graphics cards 420 I O cards 421 NICs 422 sound cards 420 421 storage controllers 421 cable 593 594 computer case for customer 412 CPU for customer 414 416 default web browser 604 fans for customer 416 417 hard drives 423 425 heat sink for customer 416 417 input devices 428 734 selecting laptop components 524 batteries 525 526 docking stations 526 528 port repl
5. 222 224 cellular WAN technology 519 520 IR wireless technology 518 519 laptops 189 batteries selecting 525 526 Bluetooth configuring 220 power settings configuring on laptops 7 29 cellular WAN capability configuring 221 cleaning 225 227 common uses 190 comparing with desktops 202 208 component installation 215 218 components selecting 524 configuring 208 data version control 535 536 docking station 199 201 docking stations selecting 526 528 external components 192 196 infrared configuring 220 221 input devices 196 199 modems configuring 219 220 optimal operating environments 227 228 port replicators selecting 526 528 power Settings configuring 209 214 preventive maintenance 532 535 RAM selecting 529 531 rechargeable batteries comparing 193 194 repairing 523 524 storage devices selecting 528 529 troubleshooting 228 233 536 546 wireless Ethernet configuring 219 PDAs 190 satellite technology 522 523 smartphones 191 Wi Fi 521 522 POST Power On Self Test 110 141 post installation diagnostics 143 144 POTS plain old telephone service 595 power 11 power cables Berg power connectors 87 92 Molex power connectors 86 91 motherboard power connections 91 SATA power connectors 91 power devices inspecting 447 power fluctuation 56 57 power management comparing laptop and desktop 203 204 power protection devices 57 power settings configuring on laptops 209 212 214
6. 86 FDDs 87 88 optical drives 86 87 fans 435 436 hard drives 440 441 hardware verifying installation 137 HDDs 86 heat sink 435 436 heat sink fan 83 84 I O devices 441 442 internal drives 86 laptop components 215 216 batteries 216 expansion memory 217 hard drives 217 hot swappable devices 218 optical drives 216 PC expansion cards 217 mail servers 614 618 modems 326 327 motherboards 85 432 433 network cable 602 603 NIC drivers 322 323 operating systems 129 boot process 141 143 completion process 137 138 creating user accounts 136 custom installation options 139 141 directory structures 145 147 file systems for 131 133 network installation 140 partitioning and formatting 130 131 post installation diagnostics 143 144 startup modes 144 145 with default settings 134 136 Outlook Express 489 491 power cables Berg power connectors 92 floppy drive data cables 94 Molex power connectors 91 motherboard power connections 91 PATA 92 SATA 91 92 power supplies 80 81 printer drivers 255 256 printers 553 554 calibration 559 drivers 555 556 firmware 256 functionality verifying 559 560 local port connection 554 555 memory 256 257 567 network printer software 564 565 options configuring 557 558 test pages printing 560 RAM 84 85 scanners 267 553 554 calibration 559 functionality verifying 559 560 local port connection 554 555 Windows XP custom installation 473 476 wirel
7. Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Attach the monitor cable to the video port Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector Plug the keyboard cable into the PS 2 keyboard port Plug the mouse cable into the PS 2 mouse port Plug the USB cable into a USB port Plug the network cable into the network port Connect the wireless antenna to the antenna connector Plug the power cable into the power supply Figure 3 9 shows all of the external cables plugged into the back of the computer Figure 3 9 All External Cables Plugged into the Back Virtual Desktop Activity External Cables System requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Complete the external cable installation in the Virtual Desktop external cable layer Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book 96 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Lab 3 8 2 Complete the Computer Assembly In this lab you reattach the case and connect the external cables to complete the computer assembly Refer to the lab in JT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter Boot the Computer for the First Time When the computer is booted the basic input output system BIOS performs a check on all of the internal components as shown in Figure 3 10 This check is called a powe
8. Use of Cleaning Materials 73 Computer Cases and Monitors 74 LCD Screens 74 CRT Screens 74 Component Contacts 74 Keyboard 74 Mouse 75 Summary 76 Summary of Exercises 76 Labs 76 Worksheets 76 Check Your Understanding 77 Computer Assembly Step by Step 79 Objectives 79 Key Terms 79 Open the Case 80 Install the Power Supply 80 Attach the Components to the Motherboard and Install the Motherboard 81 Install a CPU and a Heat Sink Fan Assembly 82 CPU 8 amp 2 Heat Sink Fan Assembly 83 X IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Install the RAM 84 Install the Motherboard 85 Install Internal Drives 86 Install Drives in External Bays 86 Install the Optical Drive 86 Install the Floppy Drive 87 Install Adapter Cards 88 Install the NIC 88 Install the Wireless NIC 89 Install the Video Adapter Card 89 Connect All Internal Cables 91 Connect the Power Cables 91 Motherboard Power Connections 91 SATA Power Connectors 91 Molex Power Connectors 91 Berg Power Connectors 92 Connect the Data Cables 92 PATA Data Cables 92 SATA Data Cables 92 Reattach the Side Panels and Connect External Cables to the Computer 93 Reattach the Side Panels to the Case 93 Connect External Cables to the Computer 93 Floppy Drive Data Cables 94 Boot the Computer for the First Time 96 Identify Beep Codes 96 Describe BIOS Setup 97 Summary 99 Summary of Exercises 99 Labs 99 Virtual Desktop Activities 100 Check Your Und
9. and Peripherals 429 Upgrade and Configure a Motherboard 430 CPU Installation 431 Jumper Settings 431 CMOS Battery Installation 432 Motherboard Installation 432 BIOS Updates 433 Advanced BIOS Settings 433 Upgrade and Configure a CPU and a Heat Sink Fan Assembly 434 Upgrade and Configure RAM 437 Upgrade and Configure BIOS 438 Upgrade and Configure Storage Devices and Hard Drives 440 Upgrade and Configure Input and Output Devices 441 Identify and Apply Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Personal Computer Components 443 Clean Internal Components 443 Clean the Case 444 Chapter 12 XXV Inspect Computer Components 445 CPU and Cooling System 445 RAM Connections 445 Storage Devices 446 Adapter Cards 447 Power Devices 447 Loose Screws 447 Keyboard and Mouse 448 Cables 448 Troubleshoot Computer Components and Peripherals 448 Review the Troubleshooting Process 448 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 451 Storage Device Problems 451 Motherboard and Internal Component Problems 454 Power Supply Problems 456 CPU Problems and Memory Problems 457 Apply Troubleshooting Skills 459 Summary 461 Summary of Exercises 461 Labs 461 Worksheets 462 Check Your Understanding 462 Advanced Operating Systems 465 Objectives 465 Key Terms 465 Select the Appropriate Operating System Based on Customer Needs 466 Describe Operating Systems 468 Describe Network Operating Systems 468 Windows OS Directory Stru
10. and portable devices will continue to grow During the course of your career you will be expected to know how to configure repair and maintain these devices The knowledge you acquire about desktop computers will help you service laptops and portable devices However there are important differences between the two technologies xl IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Chapter 14 Advanced Printers and Scanners This chapter explores the function ality of printers and scanners You learn how to maintain install and repair these devices in both local and network configurations The chapter discusses safety hazards configuration procedures preventive maintenance and printer and scanner sharing Chapter 15 Advanced Networks This chapter focuses on advanced networking topics including network design network component upgrades and email server installations Basic networking topics such as safety network components and preven tive maintenance are also discussed Chapter 16 Advanced Security This chapter reviews the types of attacks that threaten the security of computers and the data contained on them A technician is responsible for the security of data and computer equipment in an organization The chapter describes how you can work with customers to ensure that the best possible protection 1s in place Appendix Answers to Check Your Understanding Questions This appendix lists t
11. colors 41 Hybrid Sleep mode Windows Vista 214 hyperthreading 18 T O devices cards selecting 421 installing 441 442 port addresses 44 45 IAB Internet Architecture Board 311 ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 319 ping 296 298 IDE Integrated Drive Electronics 27 identifying problems 107 beep codes 110 BIOS information 110 closed ended questions 108 109 conversation etiquette 108 Device Manager 110 diagnostic tools 111 documenting responses 109 Event Viewer 109 110 open ended questions 108 IDS intrusion detection system 639 IDSL 330 IE Internet Explorer 488 IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 311 IEEE 802 11a standard 315 IEEE 802 11b standard 316 IEEE 802 11g standard 316 IEEE 802 11n standard 316 IEEE 1394 standard 32 image based installations 475 IMAP 296 490 591 616 impact printers 247 implementing solutions 111 112 incremental backups 174 inexperienced customers dealing with 385 infrared configuring on laptops 220 221 inkjet printers 248 249 cartridge ink levels checking 574 input devices 37 39 for laptops 196 199 selecting 428 inspecting adapter cards 447 cables 448 cooling system 445 CPU 445 keyboards 448 power devices 447 RAM connections 445 storage devices 446 installing adapter cards NICs 88 89 video adapter cards 89 90 wireless NICs 89 applications 161 162 CMOS batteries 432 CPUs 82 83 431 434 435 external drives
12. files updating 365 API application programming interface 120 714 APIPA Automatic Private IP Addressing APIPA Automatic Private IP Addressing 294 APM Advanced Power Management 204 Apple Mac OS 124 AppleTalk 296 591 applets Control Panel 153 155 application layer OSI model 320 firewalls 650 protocols 318 application management 120 application programming interface API 120 applications adding removing 161 163 launching 152 OS compatibility 126 127 security applications 639 640 applying troubleshooting skills 459 460 APs 285 architectural models comparing 321 OSI model 319 321 TCP IP model 317 application layer protocols 318 Internet layer protocols 319 network access layer protocols 319 transport layer protocols 318 ARP Address Resolution Protocol 319 aspect ratio 41 ASR Automated System Recovery sets 140 172 assembling computers 80 asymmetric encryption 642 AT commands 168 327 328 AT motherboards 13 AT power supplies 9 ATA 423 attrib command 121 146 ATX Advanced Technology Extended form factor 14 202 audio ports 36 auditing 641 automatic IP address configuration DHCP 293 294 automatic updates 169 170 498 499 auxiliary power connectors 10 Backup Status and Configuration tool 171 backups 107 172 175 656 performing 656 658 storing 361 bandwidth 288 base stations 199 basic input output system BIOS 96 98 110 batteries disposing of 60
13. indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown In actual configuration examples and output not general command syntax boldface indicates commands that are manually input by the user such as a show command Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values Vertical bars separate alternative mutually exclusive elements Square brackets indicate an optional element Braces indicate a required choice Braces within brackets indicate a required choice within an optional element Introduction IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Fourth Edition 1s a supple mental book to the Cisco Networking Academy I T Essentials PC Hardware and Software version 4 1 course The course teaches you how to build a computer and troubleshoot prob lems that occur in everyday use The course 1s designed to prepare you to take and pass the CompTIA A exams based on the 2009 objectives By reading and completing this book you have the opportunity to review all key concepts that the CompTIA A exams cover If you use this book along with its companion IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition ISBN 1 58713 262 1 you can reinforce those concepts with hands on exercises and test that knowledge with review questions and exercises The IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software course is divided into two main units The first unit covered in Chapters 1 through 10 goe
14. isopropyl alcohol Doing this removes all traces of old thermal compound The surfaces are now ready for a new layer of thermal compound Follow all manufacturer recommendations about applying the thermal compound Heat Sink Fan Assembly Figure 3 4 shows the connector and the motherboard header for the heat sink fan assembly It is a two part cooling device The heat sink draws heat away from the CPU The fan moves the heat away from the heat sink The heat sink fan assembly usually has a 3 pin power connector 84 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Figure 3 4 Heat Sink Fan Assembly on the Motherboard e Follow these instructions for CPU and heat sink fan assembly installation Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Align the CPU so that the Connection indicator is lined up with Pin 1 on the CPU socket Doing this ensures that the orientation notches on the CPU are aligned with the orientation keys on the CPU socket Place the CPU gently into the socket Close the CPU load plate and secure it in place by closing the load lever and moving it under the load lever retention tab Apply a small amount of thermal compound to the CPU and spread it evenly Follow the application instructions provided by the manufacturer Align the heat sink fan assembly retainers with the holes on the motherboard Place the heat sink fan assembly onto the CPU socket being careful not to
15. parallel port settings and so forth Security Password settings to setup utility Others Low battery alarm system beep and so on Boot Boot order of the computer Exit Setup utility exit Lab 3 9 2 Boot the Computer In this lab you boot the computer and verify BIOS settings Refer to the lab in IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 99 Summary This chapter detailed the steps used to assemble a computer and boot the system for the first time These are some important points to remember Computer cases come in a variety of sizes and configurations Many of the computer s components must match the case s form factor The CPU is installed on the motherboard with a heat sink fan assembly The power supply is installed in the PC RAM is installed in RAM slots found on the motherboard Adapter cards are installed in PCI and PCIe expansion slots found on the motherboard Hard disk drives are installed in 3 5 inch drive bays located inside the case Optical drives are installed in 5 25 inch drive bays that can be accessed from outside the case Floppy drives are installed in 3 5 inch drive bays that can be accessed from outside the case Power supply cables are connected to all drives and the motherboard Internal data cables transfer data to all drives External cables connect per
16. pinch the CPU fan wires Tighten the heat sink fan assembly retainers to secure the assembly in place Connect the heat sink fan assembly power cable to the header on the mother board Install the RAM Like the CPU and the heat sink fan assembly random access memory RAM is installed in the motherboard before the motherboard is secured in the computer case Before you install a memory module consult the motherboard documentation or website of the manu facturer to ensure that the RAM is compatible with the motherboard Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 85 RAM provides temporary data storage for the CPU while the computer is operating RAM is volatile memory which means that its contents are lost when the computer is shut down Typically more RAM will enhance the performance of your computer Follow these steps for RAM installation Step 1 Align the notches on the RAM module with the keys in the slot and press down until the side tabs click into place Step 2 Make sure that the side tabs have locked the RAM module Visually check for exposed contacts Repeat these steps for additional RAM modules Install the Motherboard The motherboard is now ready to install in the computer case Plastic and metal standoffs are used to mount the motherboard and to prevent 1t from touching the metal portions of the case You should install only the standoffs that align with the holes in the motherboard Installing any addit
17. purpose of 117 application management 120 file and folder management 118 hardware access control 117 user interface 118 selecting 466 system file locations 470 Temporary file locations 470 troubleshooting 175 501 510 common problems solutions 178 180 process for 175 178 updating 366 upgrading 164 165 495 496 user file locations 470 Windows XP custom installation 473 476 optical drives 26 206 installing 86 87 replacing on laptops 216 545 selecting 427 optical media for backups 174 optimal operating environments for laptops 227 228 optimizing Internet Explorer 488 operating systems with CHKDSK 480 481 with Device Manager 484 with Disk Defragmenter 481 with Remote Desktop Protocol 482 483 with services 484 with System Information tool 482 with System Monitor 485 486 with Task Manager 484 485 with virtual memory 483 printer performance 258 scanner performance 568 570 OSHA Occupational Safety Health Administration 59 OSI model 317 321 outcomes documenting 112 Outlook Express installing 489 491 output devices 39 printers 42 selecting 428 speakers headphones 42 overclocking 18 433 P P8 connectors 10 P9 connectors 10 packet filters 645 650 packets 288 page files 483 parallel advanced technology attachment PATA data cables 92 parallel ports 24 33 243 554 parity 27 parity error checking 22 part retrievers 63 72 partitioning 477 fact
18. solid ink printers 249 250 solutions implementing 111 112 verifying 112 sound cards selecting 420 421 Southbridge 14 spam 351 speakers 42 spikes in voltage 57 spoofing 353 spyware 351 removal tools 64 167 SRAM static RAM 21 SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions 18 SSH Secure Shell 296 591 SSIDs Service Set Identifiers 362 648 standards organizations 311 312 Standby mode Windows XP 213 star topology 308 star wired ring 310 Start menu customizing 151 startup modes 144 145 startup programs 168 stateful packet inspection 646 static electricity safety issues 409 storage controllers selecting 421 storage devices external flash drives 26 selecting 427 428 FDDs selecting 25 425 hard drives 25 426 inspecting 446 media readers selecting 425 optical drives 26 427 SDDs selecting 426 427 selecting for laptops 528 529 troubleshooting 451 454 storing backups 361 STP shielded twisted pair 303 stress management 386 388 striping 27 structured attacks 348 subnet masks 291 292 subnetting 291 surge suppressors 57 switches 300 600 symmetric encryption 641 SYN floods 353 system file locations 470 system files SFC 64 495 System Information tool optimizing operating systems 482 System Monitor 158 operating systems optimizing 485 486 system resources IRQs 43 44 System Restore tool 171 482 restore points setting 499 501 system utilities 169 7 talkative c
19. 04 cold boot 141 color depths 492 716 command line interface CLI command line interface CLD 118 148 commands CLI list of 121 122 communication skills customers dealing with angry customers 384 inexperienced customers 385 knowledgeable customers 385 rude customers 383 384 talkative customers 383 professionalism 379 382 netiquette 386 relationship to troubleshooting 378 379 source of problem identifying 380 comparing FAT32 and NTFS file systems 361 ISP types 597 598 operating systems 466 custom and default installations 472 473 OSI and TCP IP models 321 compatibility mode 122 component contacts cleaning 74 Component RGB shielded cables 37 compressed air 63 73 74 CompTIA A Certification 5 computer assembly adapter cards 88 NICs network interface cards 88 89 video adapter cards 89 90 wireless NICs 89 booting computer 96 beep codes 96 97 BIOS Setup 97 98 CPUs central processing units 82 83 data cables floppy drive data cables 94 PATA parallel advanced technology attachment data cables 92 SATA data cables 92 external cables connecting 93 96 external drives 86 FDDs floppy disk drives 87 88 optical drives 86 87 heat sink fan 83 84 internal drives 86 motherboards 85 opening case 80 power cables Berg power connectors 92 Molex power connectors 91 motherboard power connections 91 SATA power connectors 91 power supply installing 80 81 RAM 84 85 reattachi
20. 119 f E n 7 I a a r hi 5 E iar Ll l SRE i 1 ko E ome iat i a 1 ee i i r la Pip n rf p l i 2 j maj f i i i i ia F a 7 a 4 i i 1 al y La P m E i a F 1 a E i E l 4 oa ba 2 E a r i i 1 oh i af r La F j E 3 PF Z wee 3H E T a E B 1 h A i i f H i i k r n Bist 3 T d y L A 1 a L Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 83 Caution When handling a CPU do not touch the CPU contacts at any time The CPU is secured to the socket on the motherboard with a locking assembly The CPU sockets today are zero insertion force ZIF sockets You should be familiar with the lock ing assembly before attempting to install a CPU into the socket on the motherboard Orient the missing pin in the corner of the CPU to the missing hole on the socket Thermal compound helps to conduct heat away from the CPU Figure 3 3 shows thermal compound being applied to the CPU Figure 3 3 Thermal Compound on the CPU Caution Silver oxide thermal compound is toxic Use rubber gloves and wash your hands thoroughly after ward It does not take very much compound to fill the space between the CPU and heat sink If you use too much it will leak onto the motherboard When you are installing a used CPU clean the CPU and the base of the heat sink with
21. 19 420 capture cards 422 graphics cards 420 I O cards 421 NICs 422 sound cards 420 421 storage controllers 421 batteries on laptops 216 CPUs 414 416 434 435 expansion memory on laptops 217 544 fans 416 417 hard drives 423 425 on laptops 217 544 heat sinks 416 417 435 436 hot swappable devices on laptops 218 545 motherboards 413 414 optical drives on laptops 216 545 PC expansion cards on laptops 217 RAM 417 419 replay attacks 353 requirements hardware requirements for operating systems 127 128 resistance 11 resolution 40 scanners configuring 568 569 responses documenting 109 responsibilities of level one technicians 394 395 of level two technicians 395 396 restore points 170 497 501 restoring backups 656 658 video driver settings 493 retail packaged components 525 RIMM rambus in line memory module 22 ring topology 308 RIP Routing Information Protocol 319 RIS Remote Installation Service performing remote installations 475 476 RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer 17 RJ 45 ports 34 ROM read only memory 20 routers 300 selecting 600 wireless installing 607 609 rude customers dealing with 383 384 rules for safety 405 407 S S Video 37 Safe Mode 144 Safe Mode with Command Prompt 145 Safe Mode with Networking Support 145 safety issues antistatic devices 409 cables 587 589 computer components 410 electrical safety guidelines 53
22. 33 Define VoIP 333 Define VPN 334 Identify and Apply Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques Used for Networks 334 Counterfeiting and the IT Industry 335 Troubleshoot a Network 335 Review the Troubleshooting Process 336 Identify Common Network Problems and Solutions 338 Summary 341 Summary of Exercises 342 Chapter 9 xxi Labs 342 Worksheets 342 Packet Tracer Activities 342 Check Your Understanding 343 Fundamental Security 345 Objectives 345 Key Terms 345 Explain Why Security Is Important 347 Describe Security Threats 348 Define Viruses Worms and Trojans 349 Explain Web Security 350 Define Adware Spyware and Grayware 350 Explain Denial of Service 351 Describe Spam and Popup Windows 351 Explain Social Engineering 352 Explain TCP IP Attacks 353 Explain Data Wiping Hard Drive Destruction and Recycling 353 Data Wiping 353 Hard Drive Destruction 354 Hard Drive Recycling 354 Identify Security Procedures 354 Explain What Is Required in a Basic Local Security Policy 355 Explain the Tasks Required to Protect Physical Equipment 356 Describe Ways to Protect Data 357 Password Protection 358 Data Encryption 359 Software Firewall 359 Data Backups 360 Smart Card Security 361 Biometric Security 361 File System Security 361 Describe Wireless Security Techniques 362 Identify Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Security 364 xxii IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Chapter 10
23. 568 RAM 437 438 UPS uninterruptible power supply 57 USB Universal Serial Bus 554 flash memory 174 interfaces 243 ports 32 web browsers 737 user accounts creating 136 user file locations 470 user interfaces types of 118 users safety procedures electrical safety guidelines 53 fire safety guidelines 53 55 general safety guidelines 53 USMT User State Migration Tool 165 UTP unshielded twisted pair cable 303 304 V VDSL 330 verifying hardware installations 137 printer scanner functionality 559 560 solutions 112 177 versions data version control 535 536 VGA Video Graphics Array 36 video adapter cards installing 89 90 video ports 36 viewing file properties 147 virtual memory optimizing operating systems 483 virtual real mode 121 122 virus protection software 349 viruses 349 Vista See Windows Vista VoIP Voice over IP 333 593 volatile memory 85 voltage 10 56 volume mounting in Windows XP 478 VPNs virtual private network 334 642 W WANS 285 web browsers default browser selecting 604 IE caching 489 configuring 603 optimizing 458 wireless security configuring 648 738 web security web security 350 WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy 363 648 WHQL Windows Hardware Quality Lab test 442 Wi Fi 244 521 522 wide SCSI data cables 30 Windows 7 Home Premium 124 Windows 7 Professional 124 Windows 7 Ultimate 124 Windows 2000 Professional 124 Windows 2000 Ser
24. Describe the Call Center Environment and Technician Responsibilities 392 Describe the Call Center Environment 393 Describe Level One Technician Responsibilities 394 Describe Level Two Technician Responsibilities 395 Summary 397 Summary of Exercises 398 Worksheets 398 Class Discussions 398 Check Your Understanding 398 Chapter 11 Advanced Personal Computers 403 Objectives 403 Key Terms 403 Give an Overview of Field Remote and Bench Technician Jobs 404 Explain Safe Lab Procedures and Tool Use 405 Review Safe Working Environments and Procedures 406 Review Names Purposes Characteristics and Safe and Appropriate Use of Tools 407 Identify Potential Safety Hazards and Implement Proper Safety Procedures for Computer Components 410 Describe Environmental Issues 411 Describe Situations Requiring Replacement of Computer Components 411 xxiv IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Select a Case and Power Supply 412 Select a Motherboard 413 Select the CPU and Heat Sink Fan Assembly 414 Select RAM 417 Select Adapter Cards 419 Graphics Cards 420 Sound Cards 420 Storage Controllers 421 Input Output Cards 421 Network Interface Cards 422 Capture Cards 422 Select Storage Devices and Hard Drives 423 Floppy Disk Drive 425 Media Readers 425 Hard Drives 426 Solid State Drives 426 Optical Drives 427 External Storage 427 Select Input and Output Devices 428 Upgrade and Configure Personal Computer Components
25. Explain How to Update Signature Files for Antivirus and Antispyware Software 365 Explain How to Install Operating System Service Packs and Security Patches 366 Troubleshoot Security 367 Review the Troubleshooting Process 367 Step 1 Identify the Problem 367 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probably Causes 368 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 368 Step 4 Implement the Solution 368 Step 5 Verify Solution and Full System Functionality 369 Step 6 Document Findings 369 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 370 Summary 372 Summary of Exercises 372 Worksheets 372 Packet Tracer Activities 372 Check Your Understanding 373 Communication Skills 377 Objectives 377 Key Terms 377 Explain the Relationship Between Communication and Troubleshooting 378 Describe Good Communication Skills and Professional Behavior 379 Determine the Computer Problem of the Customer 380 Display Professional Behavior with the Customer 381 Focus the Customer on the Problem During the Call 383 Talkative Customer 383 Rude Customer 383 Angry Customer 384 Knowledgeable Customer 385 Inexperienced Customer 385 Use Proper Netiquette 386 Implement Time and Stress Management Techniques 386 xxiii Workstation Ergonomics 386 Time Management 387 Stress Management 388 Observe Service Level Agreements 389 Follow Business Policies 390 Explain Ethics and Legal Aspects of Working with Computer Technology 391 Ethical Customs 391 Legal Rules 392
26. Guide Explain How to Power and Connect a Scanner 266 Describe How to Install and Update the Device Driver 267 Identify Configuration Options and Default Settings 267 Identify and Apply Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Printers and Scanners 268 Describe Printer Maintenance 269 Describe Scanner Maintenance 269 Troubleshoot Printers and Scanners 270 Review the Troubleshooting Process 270 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 270 Summary 272 Summary of Exercises 273 Labs 273 Check Your Understanding 273 Chapter 8 Fundamental Networks 277 Objectives 277 Key Terms 277 Explain the Principles of Networking 280 Define Computer Networks 281 Explain the Benefits of Networking 282 Describe Types of Networks 283 Describe a LAN 284 Describe a WAN 285 Describe a WLAN 285 Explain Peer to Peer Networks 286 Explain Client Server Networks 287 Describe Basic Networking Concepts and Technologies 288 Explain Bandwidth and Data Transmission 288 Describe IP Addressing 290 Dotted Decimal 290 Classful Subnetting 291 XIX Subnet Mask 291 Manual Configuration 292 Define DHCP 293 Define NAT 294 Describe Internet Protocols and Applications 295 Define ICMP 296 Describe the Physical Components of aNetwork 298 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Network Devices 299 Hubs 299 Bridges and Switches 300 Routers 300 Wireless Access Points 301 Multipurpose Devices 302 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteri
27. Ie expansion slots on the motherboard Some wireless NICs are installed externally with a USB connector Follow these steps for wireless NIC installation Step 1 Align the wireless NIC with the appropriate expansion slot on the motherboard Step 2 Press down gently on the wireless NIC until the card is fully seated Step 3 Secure the wireless NIC PC mounting bracket to the case with the appropriate screw Figure 3 7 Wireless NIC Install the Video Adapter Card A video adapter card as shown in Figure 3 8 is the interface between a computer and a display monitor An upgraded video adapter card can provide better graphic capabilities for games and graphic programs Video adapter cards use PCI advance graphics port AGP and PCIe expansion slots on the motherboard If the BIOS does not automatically sense the 90 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide new video card and disable the integrated one you may need to do that manually through BIOS settings Figure 3 8 Video Adapter Card Follow these steps for video adapter card installation Step 1 Remove the expansion slot case blank Step 2 Align the video adapter card with the appropriate expansion slot on the mother board Step 3 Press down gently on the video adapter card until the card is fully seated Step 4 Secure the video adapter card PC mounting bracket to the case with the appro priate screw Virtual Desktop Activity Adapter Cards Syste
28. T Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Chapter 2 Safe Lab Procedures and Tool Use This chapter covers basic safety practices for the workplace hardware and software tools and the disposal of hazardous materials Safety guidelines help protect individuals from accidents and injury and protect equipment from damage Some of these guidelines are designed to protect the environment from contamination by discarded materials Stay alert to situations that could result in injury or damage to equipment Warning signs are designed to alert you to danger Always watch for these signs and take the appropriate action according to the warning given Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step This chapter describes the assem bly of a PC The first step in the assembly process is gathering the components and completing the computer inventory Preparing and installing the components are detailed in a step by step process In the final steps you review the checklist assemble the case and boot the system for the first time Assembling computers is a large part of a technician s job As a technician you will need to work in a logical methodical man ner when working with computer components As with any learned trade computer assembly skills will improve dramatically with practice Chapter 4 Basics of Preventive Maintenance and Troubleshooting This chapter introduces preventive maintenance and the troubleshooting p
29. and custom installations comparing 472 473 desktop systems 123 Apple Mac OS 124 Microsoft Windows 124 UNIX Linux 125 disk structure 476 479 dual boot setup 493 494 file systems 479 480 GUI navigation 148 adding removing applications 161 163 Administrative Tools 155 160 Control Panel applets 153 155 customizing the desktop 149 152 hardware requirements 127 128 installing 129 boot process 141 143 completion process 137 138 creating user accounts 136 custom installation options 139 141 directory structures 145 147 file systems for 131 133 network installation 140 partitioning and formatting 130 131 post installation diagnostics 143 144 startup modes 144 145 with default settings 134 136 logical memory allocation 120 minimum hardware requirements 468 modes of operation 120 compatibility mode 122 protected mode 121 real mode 121 virtual real mode 121 122 network systems 125 optimizing with CHKDSK 480 481 with Device Manager 484 with Disk Defragmenter 481 with Remote Desktop Protocol 482 483 with services 484 with System Information tool 482 728 operating systems with System Monitor 485 486 with Task Manager 484 485 with virtual memory 483 patches 366 preventive maintenance 166 497 Automatic Updates 498 499 backups 172 175 planning 166 168 restore points setting 499 501 scheduling 168 172 tasks scheduling 497 498 processor architecture 123 program file locations 470
30. ane Washington After several years in the airline industry he returned to full time teaching Rick started in the Cisco Academy in North Carolina and taught CCNA and CCNP courses and was a CCNA instructor trainer Previous Academy projects include co authoring Network Fundamentals CCNA Exploration Companion Guide and co authoring Routers and Routing Basics CCNA 2 Companion Guide He also developed CCNP study guides and contributed as a technical editor on a previous edition of the CCNA 2 and 3 text books His current project is developing methods for delivering hands on training via dis tance in Alaska using web conferencing and NETLAB tools Bill Shurbert is a professor of information technology at NHTI Concord s Community College in Concord New Hampshire Bill holds a bachelor s degree in technical manage ment from Southern New Hampshire University He enjoys teaching Cisco CCNA and Wireless networking classes In his off time you can find Bill and Joanne his wife of 28 years sailing the waters of Lake Winnipesaukee Contents at a Glance Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Appendix Introduction xxxvi Introduction to the Personal Computer 1 Safe Lab Procedures and Tool Use 51 Computer Assembly Step by Step 79 Basics of Preventive Maintenance and Trou
31. ans responsibilities 394 395 level two technicians responsibilities 395 396 LGA Land Grid Array 15 line conditioners 57 line of sight IR networks 518 Linux 125 local devices 553 local security policies 355 logical drives 130 477 logical memory allocation 120 logical topologies 306 309 logins password protection 358 359 lookback adapters 63 loopback plugs 408 loose screws checking for 447 low battery alarm 214 M MAC addresses 290 filtering 363 648 649 Mac OS 124 mail servers installing 614 618 malicious threats 348 malware 351 malware protection 653 654 man in the middle attacks 353 manual IP configuration 292 293 Mbps megabits per second 289 MBR Master Boot Record 141 md command 122 MD5 Message Digest 5 641 media for backups 174 175 media readers selecting 425 memory cache memory 22 error checking 22 logical memory allocation 120 printer memory installing 256 257 upgrading 567 RAM 21 DIP chips 22 installing 84 85 selecting 417 419 529 531 upgrading 437 438 ROM 20 troubleshooting 457 459 virtual memory optimizing operating systems 483 memory modules 22 mesh topologies 309 message digest 641 MHz megahertz 18 Microsoft Management console MMC 159 Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems list of 124 network operating systems list of 125 migration USMT User State Migration Tool 165 MIME 490 mirroring 27 MMC Microsoft Management consol
32. are installing 256 functionality verifying after installation 559 560 impact 247 inkjet 248 249 cartridge ink levels checking 574 installing 553 555 laser 245 246 memory installing 256 257 upgrading 567 options configuring 557 558 parallel ports 243 PDLs 556 performance optimizing 258 preventive maintenance 269 570 572 safety hazards 552 553 SCSI interfaces 243 selecting capacity and speed 241 quality 241 reliability 242 TCO 242 serial ports 242 sharing 260 605 computer shared printers 564 network sharing 561 562 solid ink 249 250 test pages printing 259 260 560 thermal 250 251 troubleshooting 270 271 575 580 upgrading 568 USB interfaces 243 wireless connections 244 printing test pages 259 260 private addresses 294 probable causes isolating in troubleshooting process 176 problems identifying in troubleshooting process 107 175 beep codes 110 closed ended questions 108 109 conversation etiquette 108 Device Manager 110 documenting responses 109 Event Viewer 109 110 open ended questions 108 processors See also CPUs architecture 123 comparing laptop and desktop 203 MMX 18 multicore 415 speed 415 professionalism 379 382 business policies observing 390 customers dealing with angry customers 384 inexperienced customers 385 knowledgeable customers 385 rude customers 383 384 talkative customers 383 netiquette 386 SLAs observing 389 390 time mana
33. ata cable installation Step 1 Plug the motherboard end of the PATA cable into the motherboard socket Step 2 Plug the connector at the far end of the PATA cable into the optical drive Step 3 Plug one end of the SATA cable into the motherboard socket Step 4 Plug the other end of the SATA cable into the HDD Step 5 Plug the motherboard end of the FDD cable into the motherboard socket Step 6 Plug the connector at the far end of the FDD cable into the floppy drive Step 7 Double check to make sure all cables are securely connected to the devices and to the motherboard Virtual Desktop Activity Internal Cables System requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Complete the internal cable installation in the Virtual Desktop internal cable layer Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book Lab 3 7 2 Install Internal Cables In this lab you install internal power and data cables in the computer Refer to the lab in IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter Caution Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 95 When attaching cables never force a connection Note Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables Follow these steps for external cable installation Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
34. bleshooting 103 Fundamental Operating Systems 115 Fundamental Laptops and Portable Devices 187 Fundamental Printers and Scanners 239 Fundamental Networks 277 Fundamental Security 345 Communication Skills 377 Advanced Personal Computers 403 Advanced Operating Systems 465 Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices 515 Advanced Printers and Scanners 551 Advanced Networks 585 Advanced Security 633 Answers to Check Your Understanding Questions 671 Glossary 675 Index 713 vi IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Contents Chapter 1 Introduction xxxvi Introduction to the Personal Computer 1 Objectives 1 Key Terms 1 Explain IT Industry Certifications 3 Identify Education and Certifications 4 Describe the A Certification 5 Describe the EUCIP Certification 5 Module 1 PC Hardware 5 Module 2 Operating Systems 3 Module 3 Local Area Network and Network Services 6 Module 4 Expert Network Use 6 Module 5 IT Security 6 Describe a Computer System 6 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Cases and Power Supplies 7 Describe Cases 7 Describe Power Supplies 9 Connectors 9 Electricity and Ohm s Law 10 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Internal Components 12 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Motherboards 13 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of CPUs 14 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Cooling Systems 19 Ident
35. cisco IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Fourth Edition Cisco Networking Academy Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis Indiana 46240 USA ii IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Fourth Edition Cisco Networking Academy Copyright 2011 Cisco Systems Inc Published by Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis IN 46240 USA All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the publisher except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review Printed in the United States of America First Printing October 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data is on file ISBN 13 978 1 58713 263 6 ISBN 10 1 58713 263 x This book is part of the Cisco Networking Academy series from Cisco Press The products in this series support and complement the Cisco Networking Academy curriculum If you are using this book outside the Networking Academy then you are not preparing with a Cisco trained and authorized Networking Academy provider ot fect far CISCO For more information on the Cisco Networking Academy or to locate a Networking Academy Please visit www cisco com edu Warning and Disclaimer Thi
36. ctor will have either 20 or 24 pins The power supply may also have a 4 pin or 6 pin Auxiliary AUX power connector that con nects to the motherboard A 20 pin connector will work in a motherboard with a 24 pin socket Follow these steps for motherboard power cable installation Step 1 Align the 20 pin ATX power connector with the socket on the motherboard Step 2 Gently press down on the connector until the clip clicks into place Step 3 Align the 4 pin AUX power connector with the socket on the motherboard Step 4 Gently press down on the connector until the clip clicks into place SATA Power Connectors SATA power connectors use a 15 pin connector Serial advanced technology attachment SATA power connectors are used to connect to hard disk drives optical drives or any devices that have a SATA power socket Molex Power Connectors Hard disk drives and optical drives that do not have SATA power sockets use a Molex power connector 92 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Caution Do not use a Molex connector and a SATA power connector on the same drive at the same time It will prevent the drive from working properly Berg Power Connectors The 4 pin Berg power connector supplies power to a floppy drive Follow these steps for Berg power connector installation Step 1 Plug the SATA power connector into the HDD Step 2 Plug the Molex power connector into the optical drive Step 3 Plug the 4 pin Berg p
37. ctures 469 User File Locations 470 System File Locations 470 Fonts 470 Temporary Files 470 xxvi IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Program Files 470 Offline Files and Folders 471 Install Configure and Optimize an Operating System 471 Compare and Contrast a Default Installation and a Custom Installation 472 Install Windows XP Professional Using a Custom Installation 473 Unattended Installation in Windows XP 474 Unattended Installation in Windows Vista 475 Image Based Installation 475 Remote Installation 475 Create View and Manage Disks Directories and Files 476 Disk Structure 476 Drive Status 478 File System 479 Identify Procedures and Utilities Used to Optimize the Performance of Operating Systems 480 System Tools 480 Administrative Tools 483 Services 484 Device Manager 484 Task Manager 484 System Monitor 485 Regional and Language Options 486 Temporary Files 486 Identify Procedures and Utilities Used to Optimize the Performance of Browsers 487 Describe Installation Use and Configuration of Email Software 489 Set Screen Resolution and Update the Video Driver 491 Describe Installation of a Second Operating System 493 The Boot ini File 494 Windows CLI Commands 494 MSCONFIG 494 SFC 495 Describe How to Upgrade Operating Systems 495 Describe Preventive Maintenance Procedures for Operating Systems 497 Chapter 13 xxvii Schedule Automatic Tasks and Updates 497 GUI Scheduled Task
38. d 0 l 0 l i A San Jose CA 95134 1706 28 01 Capital Tower USA Singapore 068912 C l S C O WWW CiSCO COM WWW CiSCO COM it Tel 408 526 4000 Tel 65 6317 7777 800 553 NETS 6387 Fax 65 6317 7799 Fax 408 527 0883 Europe Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Haarlerbergpark Haarlerbergweg 13 19 1101 CH Amsterdam The Netherlands WWW Urope ciSCo com Tel 31 0 800 020 0791 Fax 31 0 20 357 1100 Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide Addresses phone numbers and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website at www cisco com go offices 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved CCVP the Cisco logo and the Cisco Square Bridge logo are trademarks of Cisco Systems Inc Changing the Way We Work Live Play and Learn is a service mark of Cisco Systems Inc and Access Registrar Aironet BPX Catalyst CCDA CCDP CCIE CCIP CCNA CCNP CCSP Cisco the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo Cisco IOS Cisco Press Cisco Systems Cisco Systems Capital the Cisco Systems logo Cisco Unity Enterprise Solver EtherChannel EtherFast EtherSwitch Fast Step Follow Me Browsing FormShare GigaDrive GigaStack HomeLink Internet Quotient lOS IP TV iQ Expertise the iQ logo iQ Net Readiness Scorecard iQuick Study LightStream Linksys MeetingPlace MGX Networking Academy Network Registrar Packet PIX ProConnect RateMUX ScriptShare SlideCast SMARTnet StackWise The Fastest Way to Increase Your Intern
39. d screwdrivers 71 hex drivers 72 needle nose pliers 72 part retrievers 72 Phillips head screwdrivers 72 hot swappable devices 721 screws 71 tweezers 72 handheld scanners 262 265 hard drives 25 backing up 172 175 data wiping 353 disposing of 354 installing 440 441 interface controllers 424 partitioning and formatting 130 131 partitions 477 RAID 440 recycling 354 replacing on laptops 217 544 selecting 423 426 hardware 6 operating system requirements 127 128 preventive maintenance 104 verifying installation 137 hardware access control 117 hardware firewalls 645 646 649 650 hashing 641 hazardous material disposal 411 HCL hardware compatibility list 128 HDDs hard disk drives installing 86 HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface 36 HDSL 330 headers 288 headphones 42 heat sink fan installing 83 84 435 436 selecting for customer 416 417 help command 121 help desks call center environment 393 level one technicians 394 395 level two technicians 395 396 HEPA filtration 573 hex drivers 63 72 Hibernate mode Windows XP 213 hierarchical addressing 291 high voltage warning signs 410 hot swappable devices 205 replacing on laptops 218 545 722 HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 332 520 HTML HyperText Markup Language 318 HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol 296 318 591 hubs 299 600 HVC horizontal vertical
40. e 159 MMS Multimedia Messaging Service 332 520 MMX enabled processors 18 mobile phones standards 222 224 modem ports 31 modems AT commands 327 328 multimeters 725 configuring on laptops 219 220 installing 326 327 modes of operation for operating systems 120 compatibility mode 122 protected mode 121 real mode 121 virtual real mode 121 122 Molex connectors 10 86 91 monitors 39 cleaning 74 display technologies 40 disposing of 60 refresh rate 492 resolution 40 screen resolution configuring 491 492 motherboards 13 AT 13 ATX 14 BIOS advanced settings 433 434 configuring 438 439 updating 433 bus 414 chipsets 14 413 CMOS batteries installing 432 comparing laptop and desktop 202 203 CPU installing 82 83 431 upgrading 434 435 expansion slots 414 form factor 13 heat sink installing 83 84 435 436 installing 85 432 433 jumper settings 431 power connections 91 RAM installing 84 85 selecting for customer 413 414 troubleshooting 454 456 mouse devices cleaning 75 MSAU multiservice access unit 310 msconfig command 143 494 495 MSDS material safety data sheet 58 60 msinfo32 utility 144 multicore processors 415 multimeters 408 726 multimode fiber multimode fiber 306 multiple operating systems dual boot setup 493 494 multiprocessing 120 multipurpose devices 302 multitasking 120 multithreading 120 multiuser operating systems 120 My Computer cus
41. e terms serve as a study aid and are defined in the book s glossary The key terms reinforce the concepts introduced in the chapter and help you understand the chapter material before you move on to new concepts You can find the key terms highlighted in blue throughout the chapter in the context in which they are most important XXXVI Explanatory text lists figures and tables This book contains figures procedures and tables to accompany the thorough text explanations of the objective content and to help explain and visualize theories concepts commands and setup sequences Chapter summaries At the end of each chapter is a summary of the concepts covered in the chapter The summary provides a synopsis of the chapter and serves as a study aid Lab Worksheet and Class Discussion references There are references to the Labs Worksheets and Class Discussion exercises that can be found in the accompany ing IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition ISBN 1 58713 262 1 ES Virtual Desktop Activity and Virtual Laptop Activity references Designed and developed by the Cisco Networking Academy these activities found on the accompa nying CD ROM are virtual learning tools to help you develop critical thinking and complex problem solving skills Packet Tracer activities New for this edition Cisco Packet Tracer simulation based learning activity files on the accompanying CD ROM promote the e
42. ected to the moth erboard The other end is connected to any drive that has a SATA data connector Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 93 Reattach the Side Panels and Connect External Cables to the Computer Now that all the internal components have been installed and connected to the motherboard and power supply you need to reattach the side panels to the computer case The next step 1s to connect the cables for all computer peripherals and the power cable After completing this section you will meet these objectives Reattach the side panels to the case Connect external cables to the computer Reattach the Side Panels to the Case Most computer cases have two panels one on each side Some computer cases have one three sided cover that slides down over the case frame When the cover is in place make sure that it is secured at all screw locations Some com puter cases use screws that are inserted with a screwdriver Other cases have knob type screws that can be tightened by hand Tool less cases simply click closed If you are unsure about how to remove or replace the computer case refer to the documen tation or website of the manufacturer for more information Caution Handle case parts with care Some computer case covers have sharp or jagged edges Connect External Cables to the Computer After the case panels have been reattached connect the cables to the back of the computer Here are some common exte
43. eless networks connection testing 610 611 ipconfig command 612 net command 613 nslookup command 613 ping command 612 tracert command 612 NICs installing 606 607 routers installing 607 609 security 362 363 MAC address filtering 649 SSIDs 648 WEP 648 WPA 648 wireless NICs 89 WLANs 285 workbenches 70 workstation ergonomics 386 worms 349 WPA Wi Fi Protected Access 363 648 WPA2 Wi Fi Protected Access 2 363 WPAN wireless personal area network 517 writing phase laser printer process 246 WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security 363 WTO World Trade Organization 311 x64 processor architecture 123 x86 processor architecture 18 123 xcopy command 122 ZIF zero insertion force sockets 83 zip filename extension 146 zombies 351 654 zombies 739
44. endix Answers to Check Your Understanding Questions 1 A technician is installing a new power supply in a computer Which type of power con nector should be used to connect to a CD ROM A Berg B Mini Molex C Molex D 20 pin ATX connector 2 A technician is installing a new power supply in a computer Which type of power con nector should be used to connect to an ATX motherboard A Berg B Mini Molex C Molex D 20 pin connector Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 101 3 When a technician installs a new CPU what will help maintain even contact and heat distribution between the CPU and heat sink A Silicon spray B Graphite paste C Glue D Thermal compound 4 When installing a CPU in a ZIF socket how should the technician align the pins to avoid damage A Pin 1 is always aligned with the corner opposite the base of the lever B Pin 1 on the CPU is aligned with Pin 1 on the ZIF socket C Pin 1 is aligned with the corner closest to the memory D The removed corner of the CPU is always aligned with the corner opposite Pin 1 5 A technician is installing additional memory in a computer How can the technician guarantee that the memory is correctly aligned A The label on the memory module should always face the CPU B A notch in the memory module should be aligned with a notch in the slot on the motherboard C The arrows on the memory module should be aligned with the arrows on t
45. environmental protection battery disposal 60 chemical disposal 61 monitor CRT disposal 60 MSDS 58 60 printer cartridge disposal 61 equipment protection antistatic mats 70 antistatic wrist straps 55 68 69 climate conditions 56 EMI 56 ESD 55 power fluctuation 56 57 power protection devices 57 fire safety guidelines 53 55 general safety guidelines 53 405 407 printers and scanners 552 553 SATA serial ATA data cables 27 30 91 92 423 satellite Internet connection 596 satellite technology 333 522 523 Scandisk 64 169 scanners 262 all in one 263 264 calibrating 268 559 cleaning 573 574 configuring 267 268 connecting 266 267 drum 265 266 flatbed 264 functionality verifying after installation 559 560 handheld 265 installing 267 553 555 OCR 263 performance optimizing 568 570 preventive maintenance 570 572 preventive maintenance techniques 269 resolution 568 569 safety hazards 552 553 sharing on a network 561 562 testing 561 troubleshooting 270 271 575 580 scatter IR networks 518 Schedule Tasks utility Windows XP 497 498 scheduling preventive maintenance tasks 168 172 screen resolution configuring 491 492 screwdrivers 62 71 72 screws 71 SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface drives 27 424 425 interfaces 243 ports 34 554 in Windows XP boot process 143 SDDs solid state drives selecting 426 427 SDRAM Synchronous DRAM 21 SDSL 330 secondary ring 310 sectors
46. erstanding 100 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 xi Basics of Preventive Maintenance and Troubleshooting 103 Objectives 103 Key Terms 103 Explain the Purpose of Preventive Maintenance 104 Hardware 104 Software 105 Benefits 105 Identify the Steps of the Troubleshooting Process 106 Explain the Purpose of Data Protection 106 Data Backup 107 Identify the Problem 107 Conversation Etiquette 108 Open Ended Questions 108 Closed Ended Questions 108 Documenting Responses 109 Event Viewer 109 Device Manager 110 Beep Codes 110 BIOS Information 110 Diagnostic Tools 111 Establish a Theory of Probable Causes 111 Test the Theory to Determine an Exact Cause 111 Implement the Solution 111 Verify Solution Full System Functionality and If Applicable Implement Preventive Measures 112 Document Findings Actions and Outcomes 112 Summary 113 Summary of Exercises 113 Check Your Understanding 113 Fundamental Operating Systems 115 Objectives 115 Key Terms 115 Explain the Purpose of an Operating System 117 xii IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Describe Characteristics of Modern Operating Systems 117 Control Hardware Access 117 File and Folder Management 118 User Interface 118 Application Management 120 Explain Operating System Concepts 120 Modes of Operation 120 Real Mode 121 Protected Mode 121 Virtual Real Mode 121 Compatibility Mode 122 32 Bit Versus 64 Bit 122 Processor Architecture 123 Describe and Com
47. es 112 establishing theory of probable cause 111 explained 106 identifying problems 107 beep codes 110 BIOS information 110 closed ended questions 108 109 conversation etiquette 108 Device Manager 110 diagnostic tools 111 documenting responses 109 Event Viewer 109 110 open ended questions 108 implementing solution 111 112 laptops 228 233 536 546 networks 335 340 619 627 operating systems 175 501 510 common problems solutions 178 180 process for 175 178 printers 270 271 575 580 professionalism 381 382 scanners 270 271 575 580 security 367 370 658 667 skills applying 459 460 testing theory to determine exact cause 111 time management 387 verifying solution 112 Windows operating system MSCONFIG command 494 495 SFC 495 tweezers 63 72 twisted pair cables 302 304 594 two factor security 643 txt filename extension 145 U UAC User Account Control overriding 122 UDP User Datagram Protocol 319 unattended installation performing Windows Vista 475 Windows XP 474 uninstalling applications 161 163 NIC drivers 323 UNIX 125 unstructured attacks 348 updating antivirus signature files 365 BIOS 433 device drivers 167 firmware 167 NIC drivers 322 operating systems 137 167 366 Automatic Updates 169 170 498 499 Windows XP 655 Upgrade Advisor 495 upgrading CPU 434 435 heat sink fan assembly 435 436 operating systems 164 165 495 496 printer memory 567 printers
48. ess NICs 606 607 wireless routers 607 609 instruction sets 17 interface controllers 424 425 interlaced monitors 41 internal computer parts cleaning 443 444 knowledgeable customers dealing with 723 internal drives installing 86 internal threats to security 348 Internet connectivity broadband 332 fiber broadband 333 PLC 330 331 satellite 333 telephone technologies 329 330 reference tools 65 Internet layer protocols TCP IP model 319 IP addressing 290 DHCP 293 294 dotted decimal notation 290 hierarchical addressing 291 manual configuration 292 293 subnet mask 291 292 ipconfig command 324 325 network connection testing 612 IPX SPX Internet Packet eXchange Sequenced Packet eXchange 295 591 IR infrared wireless technology 518 519 IRQs 43 44 ISDN 329 595 ISO International Organization for Standardization 311 isopropyl alcohol 74 83 ISPs 285 595 598 IT information technology certifications 3 4 A Certification 5 EUCIP certification 5 6 J K Java as security threat 350 JavaScript as security threat 350 journals 65 jpg filename extension 146 jumper block 431 jumper settings 431 kbps kilobits per second 289 keyboards cleaning 74 inspecting 448 knowledgeable customers dealing with 385 724 LANs L LANs 284 architectures Ethernet 309 310 FDDI 310 Token Ring 310 logical topology 306 309 physical topology 308 309 laptops 66 189 190 batte
49. et Quotient and TransPath are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems Inc and or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company OGO9R iv IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide About the Contributing Editor Ben Conry CCNA CCAI A is the lead instructor for Information Technology Essentials in the Baltimore County Public Schools He teaches computer repair networking and cybersecurity at Sollers Point Technical High School Conry has been honored for his commitment to educational excellence and for preparing students for college and the work force and is recognized widely as an authority on the CompTIA A exam He co authored the Maryland State Department of Education core learning goals for Cisco Academy IT Essentials Conry holds a master s degree in instructional technology from Johns Hopkins University He lives in Lutherville Maryland with his wife Marisa and their children Daniel and Elijah About the Technical Reviewers Rick McDonald teaches computer and networking courses via distance at the University of Alaska Southeast in Ketchikan Alaska where he is an associate professor He holds a BA degree in English and an MA degree in educational technology from Gonzaga University in Spok
50. fessionalism 381 cancellation effect 303 capacity 241 capture cards selecting 422 card keys 356 cartridge ink levels checking on inkjet printers 574 cartridges disposing of 61 cases 7 8 cleaning 74 opening 80 reattaching side panels to 93 color depths 715 Cat5e cable 594 cd command 122 cell phone standards 222 224 cellular Internet connection 597 cellular technology 332 519 520 cellular WAN capability configuring on laptops 221 central processing units CPUs installing 82 83 certifications in IT industry 4 CompTIA A certification 5 EUCIP certification 5 6 chemical solvents disposing of 61 CHIP 3 Chemicals Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply Regulations 2002 59 chipsets 14 413 chkdsk command 64 169 operating systems optimizing 480 481 CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer 17 cleaning component contacts 74 computer cases 74 444 445 CRT screens 74 internal computer parts 443 444 keyboards 74 laptops 225 227 LCD screens 74 monitors 74 mouse 75 printers 572 573 scanners 573 574 cleaning phase laser printer process 245 cleaning tools 63 73 75 CLI command line interface 118 148 client server networks 287 288 climate threats to computer equipment 56 cloning 139 140 closed ended questions 108 109 in troubleshooting process 175 clusters 130 cmd command 144 CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor 97 batteries installing 432 coaxial cables 3
51. findings documenting 112 fire safety guidelines 53 55 firewalls 64 645 646 649 650 software firewalls 359 652 653 FireWire 32 244 555 firmware 21 for printers installing 256 updating 167 flash drives 206 flashing the BIOS 438 flashlights 63 flat head screwdrivers 62 71 flatbed scanners 262 264 floppy drives 25 data cables 94 installing 87 88 Fn function keys 198 folder management 118 folders 145 form factors 7 13 202 format command 122 formatting hard drives 130 131 FPM Fast Page Mode 21 frames 300 FRUs field replacement units 12 FRUs field replaceable units 523 FSB front side bus 415 FTP File Transfer Protocol 296 318 591 full backups 173 full duplex data transmission 290 fusing phase laser printer process 246 G gadgets 150 Gbps gigabits per second 289 GDI Graphics Device Interface 556 general safety guidelines 53 GHz gigahertz 18 Gigabit Ethernet 314 315 global printer options configuring 557 GPRS General Packet Radio Service 332 520 graphics cards cooling systems 20 selecting 420 grayware 351 GriD Compass 1101 189 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 332 520 guest accounts 656 GUI graphical user interface 118 148 adding removing applications 161 163 Administrative Tools 155 160 Control Panel applets 153 155 customizing the desktop 149 152 H half duplex data transmission 289 hand tools 62 63 flat hea
52. g systems optimizing 481 running 534 Disk Management tool 63 64 476 drive status displaying 478 479 disk structure operating systems 476 480 display monitors 410 display properties customizing 150 Display Properties applet Control Panel setting screen resolution 491 492 display settings customizing 155 resolution 40 displaying drive status in Disk Management utility 478 479 file extensions 479 disposing batteries 60 chemical solvents 61 hard drives 354 hazardous materials 411 monitors CRTs 60 printer cartridges 61 DLP digital light processing 40 DLT Digital Linear Tape 174 DMA direct memory channels 45 46 DMD digital micromirror device 40 DNS Domain Naming System 318 DNS poisoning 353 doc filename extension 145 docx filename extension 145 docking stations 199 201 516 selecting for laptops 526 528 documenting findings actions and outcomes 112 repairs 65 responses 109 troubleshooting process 178 DOS commands list of 121 122 dot pitch 41 dot matrix printers 247 dpi dots per inch 241 Dr Watson 482 DRAM 21 drive interfaces 27 drive mapping 131 drive status displaying in Disk Management utility 478 479 drivers for NICs installing 322 323 uninstalling 323 for printers installing 255 256 555 556 for scanners installing 267 drives installing 86 88 drum scanners 262 265 266 DSL 329 332 596 dual boot setup 493 494 dual core CPUs 18 DVI Di
53. gement 387 program file locations 470 programs 6 projectors 39 PROM 20 properties display properties customizing 150 of files viewing 147 protected mode 121 protecting equipment from power fluctuation 57 protection software tools 64 65 protocol stacks 320 protocols 295 296 selecting 590 593 proxy servers 645 650 PS PostScript PDLs 556 PS 2 ports 35 replacement parts 731 quad band 332 quad core CPUs 18 RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks 24 27 28 440 RAM random access memory 21 connections inspecting 445 DIP chips 22 selecting 417 419 529 531 upgrading 437 438 installing 84 85 rd command 122 RDRAM Rambus DRAM 21 real mode 121 reattaching side panels to case 93 rechargeable batteries 190 comparing 193 194 recovery discs 140 172 recycling hard drives 354 recycling warehouses 411 reflective IR networks 518 refresh rate 41 492 regedit application 143 144 REGEDT32 EXE 144 Regional and Language Options Control Panel 486 registering operating systems 137 registers 123 Registry 118 in Windows XP boot process 142 Registry Editor 143 Remote Desktop Protocol 160 operating systems optimizing 482 483 remote installations performing 475 476 remote technicians skill requirements 405 removing temporary files 486 487 repair installations 135 repairing documentation 65 laptops 523 524 replacement parts 66 732 replacing replacing adapter cards 4
54. ggering 650 Describe Configuring Firewall Types 651 Software Firewalls 652 Windows XP Firewalls 652 Windows Vista Firewalls 652 Describe Protection Against Malicious Software 653 Perform Preventive Maintenance on Security 654 Describe the Configuration of Operating System Updates 654 Maintain Accounts 655 Terminating Employee Access 655 Guest Accounts 655 Explain Data Backup Procedures Access to Backups and Secure Physical Backup Media 656 Troubleshoot Security 658 Review the Troubleshooting Process 659 Step 1 Identify the Problem 659 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probable Solutions 659 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 660 Step 4 Implement a Solution 660 Step 5 Verify the Solution and Verify Full System Functionality 660 Step 6 Document Your Findings 661 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 661 Malware Settings 661 User Accounts and Permissions 661 Computer Security 661 Firewall and Proxy Settings 662 xxxiv IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Apply Troubleshooting Skills 666 Summary 668 Summary of Exercises 668 Labs 668 Worksheets 669 Check Your Understanding 669 Appendix Answers to Check Your Understanding Questions 671 Glossary 675 Index 713 XXXV Command Syntax Conventions The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in the IOS Command Reference The Command Reference describes these conven tions as follows Boldface
55. gital Visual Interface 36 dxdiag utility 144 dye sublimation printers 251 E ECC error correcting code error checking 22 EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution 332 520 edit command 121 EDO Extended Data Out RAM 21 EEPROM 21 error reporting 719 EIDE Enhanced IDE 27 electric shock preventing 409 electricity current 56 electrical safety guidelines 53 EMI 56 ESD 55 80 Ohm s Law 11 power fluctuation 56 57 power protection devices 57 safety guidelines 53 voltage 56 electrophotographic drum 245 email mail server installing 614 618 Outlook Express installing 489 491 spam 351 email bombs 351 EMI electromagnetic interference 56 enabling hardware devices 138 encapsulation 320 encryption asymmetric 642 symmetric 641 environmental issues battery disposal 60 chemical disposal 61 monitor CRT disposal 60 MSDS 58 60 printer cartridge disposal 61 recycling 411 EPROM 21 equipment preventive maintenance 104 protecting from damage climate conditions 56 EMI 56 ESD 55 power fluctuation 56 57 power protection devices 57 ERD emergency repair disk 172 ergonomics at the workstation 386 error checking 22 error reporting 139 720 eSATA External Serial ATA eSATA External Serial ATA 27 30 ESD electrostatic discharge 55 62 80 ESS extended service set 301 establishing theory of probable cause 111 Ethernet 244 309 310 555 cabled standards 313 10Ba
56. he answers to the Check Your Understanding review questions that are included at the end of each chapter Glossary The glossary provides you with definitions for all the key terms identified in each chapter About the CompTIA A Certification As a CompTIA Authorized Quality Curriculum IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software v4 1 will help prepare you for the new CompTIA A Essentials and Practical Applications certification exams To become A certified you need to pass two exams to become certi fied in your chosen career area CompTIA A Essentials 220 701 CompTIA A Practical Application 220 702 After becoming certified you will be qualified to work as a computer support professional and technician in a variety of work environments and industries The CompTIA A exam is explained in detail including a list of the objectives at the fol lowing website www comptia org certifications listed a aspx When you are ready to take the exam you must purchase and schedule your two CompTIA A exams The necessary information to accomplish this can be found at the following website http certification comptia org resources registration aspx CHAPTER 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step Objectives Upon completion of this chapter you should be able to answer the following questions How do I open the case How do I install adapter cards What is the process to install the power supply What is the process
57. he moth erboard slot D All memory and motherboard slots are color coded with one red end and one blue end 6 When mounting a motherboard in a computer case what does the technician use to prevent the motherboard from touching the bottom of the case A Standoffs B Ground fault isolators C Silicon spray D Grounding straps 7 When installing adapter cards in a computer how should a technician properly secure the card A Install the card and attach it to the expansion slot using thermal paste B Install the card and attach it to the motherboard using thermal pads C Install the card and secure it using metal retaining clips located on the expansion slot D Install the card and secure it to the case with a screw Or if the case provides plas tic or metal clips use them 102 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide 8 Which two connectors are used to connect external peripherals EIDE Molex PATA PS 2 USB mH o nawe Symbols and Numerics 1G first generation 222 2G second generation 222 3G third generation 222 4G fourth generation 223 10Base T 314 32 bit operating systems 64 bit systems versus 122 64 bit operating systems 32 bit systems versus 122 100Base TX 314 802 11g 521 1000Base T 314 315 A A Certification 5 access control devices 643 645 accessing shared printers 605 accidental threats 348 accounts maintaining 655 656 user accounts c
58. icators 526 528 RAM 529 531 storage devices 528 529 motherboards 413 414 network protocols 590 593 operating systems 466 output devices 428 power supply for customer 412 printers capacity and speed 241 quality 241 reliability 242 TCO 242 RAM 417 419 storage devices external 427 428 FDD 425 hard drives 426 media readers 425 optical drives 427 SDDs 426 427 serial data transfer 242 serial ports 24 31 242 554 service packs 167 366 Services console 158 optimizing operating systems 484 session layer OSI model 320 SFC System File Checker 64 495 SGPA Staggered Pin Grid Array 15 SHA Secure Hash Algorithm 641 sharing printers scanners on a network 260 561 565 605 side panels reattaching to case 93 Sidebar 150 SIMM single in line memory module 22 simplex data transmission 289 single core CPUs 18 single mode fiber 306 skill requirements for technicians 404 405 SLAs service level agreements 389 390 Sleep mode Windows Vista 214 sleep timers configuring 211 smart cards 361 644 smartphones 191 SMS Short Message Service 332 520 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 296 318 490 591 615 social engineering 351 352 social networking sites 280 sockets 14 15 17 SODIMM small outline dual in line memory modules 203 530 software 6 network printer software installing 564 565 preventive maintenance 105 software firewalls 359 645 646 649 653
59. ify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of ROM and RAM 20 ROM 20 RAM 21 Memory Modules 22 Cache Memory 22 Error Checking 22 vil Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Adapter Cards 23 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Storage Drives 24 Floppy Drive 25 Hard Drive 25 Optical Drive 26 External Flash Drive 26 Types of Drive Interfaces 26 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Internal Cables 29 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Ports and Cables 30 Serial Ports and Cables 31 Modem Ports and Cables 31 USB Ports and Cables 32 FireWire Ports and Cables 32 Parallel Ports and Cables 33 SCSI Ports and Cables 34 Network Ports and Cables 34 PS 2 Ports 35 Audio Ports 36 Video Ports and Connectors 36 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Input Devices 37 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Output Devices 39 Monitors and Projectors 39 All in One Printer 42 Speakers and Headphones 42 Explain System Resources and Their Purposes 43 Interrupt Requests 43 Input Output I O Port Addresses 44 Direct Memory Access 45 viii IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Summary 47 Summary of Exercises 47 Check Your Understanding 48 Chapter 2 Safe Lab Procedures and Tool Use 51 Objectives 51 Key Terms 51 Explain the Purpose of Safe Working Conditions and Procedures 52 Identify Safety Procedures and Pote
60. ine up with the screw holes in the case Step 3 Secure the HDD to the case using the proper screws Virtual Desktop Activity Internal Drives System requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Complete the hard drive installation in the Virtual Desktop internal drive layer Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book Install Drives in External Bays Drives such as optical drives and floppy disk drives FDD are installed in drive bays that are accessed from the front of the case Optical drives and FDD store data on removable media Drives in external bays allow access to the media without opening the case After completing this section you will meet these objectives Install the optical drive Install the floppy drive Install the Optical Drive An optical drive is a storage device that reads and writes information to CDs and DVDs A Molex power connector provides the optical drive with power from the power supply A PATA cable connects the optical drive to the motherboard If you use a PATA data connec tor you might need a berg connector To provides power to the FDD you will need the smaller berg power connector Follow these steps for optical drive installation Step 1 Position the optical drive so that it aligns with the 5 25 inch drive bay Step 2 Insert the optical drive into the drive bay so that the optica
61. ional standoffs may prevent the motherboard from being seated properly in the computer case Follow these steps for motherboard installation Step 1 Install standoffs in the computer case Step 2 Align the I O connectors on the back of the motherboard with the openings in the back of the case Step 3 Align the screw holes of the motherboard with the standoffs Step 4 Insert all of the motherboard screws Step 5 Tighten all of the motherboard screws Virtual Desktop Activity Motherboard System requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Complete the motherboard assembly in the Virtual Desktop motherboard layer Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book Lab 3 3 3 Install the Motherboard In this lab you install the CPU heat sink fan assembly RAM and motherboard Refer to the lab in IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter 86 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Install Internal Drives Drives that are installed in internal bays are called internal drives A hard disk drive HDD 1s an example of an internal drive Follow these steps for HDD installation Step 1 Position the HDD so that it aligns with the 3 5 inch drive bay Step 2 Insert the HDD into the drive bay so that the screw holes in the drive l
62. ipheral devices to the computer Beep codes signify when hardware malfunctions The BIOS setup program is used to display information about the computer compo nents and allows the user to change system settings Summary of Exercises This is a summary of the Labs Worksheets Remote Technician exercises Class Discussions Virtual Desktop activities and Virtual Laptop activities associated with this chapter Labs The following labs cover material from this chapter Refer to the labs in ZT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition Lab 3 2 0 Install the Power Supply Lab 3 3 3 Install the Motherboard Lab 3 5 2 Install the Drives 100 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Lab 3 6 3 Install Adapter Cards Lab 3 7 2 Install Internal Cables Lab 3 8 2 Complete the Computer Assembly Lab 3 9 2 Boot the Computer Virtual Desktop Activities The following Virtual Desktop activities cover material from this chapter Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book Virtual Desktop Activity Virtual Desktop Activity Virtual Desktop Activity Virtual Desktop Activity Virtual Desktop Activity Virtual Desktop Activity Virtual Desktop Activity Power Supply Motherboard Internal Drives Drives in External Bays Adapter Cards Internal Cables External Cables Check Your Understanding You can find the answers to these questions in the app
63. ive optical drive and floppy drive Refer to the lab in T Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter Install Adapter Cards Adapter cards are installed to add functionality to a computer Adapter cards must be com patible with the expansion slot This section focuses on the installation of three types of adapter cards m PCIe x1 NIC m PCI wireless NIC PCIe x16 video adapter card After completing this section you will meet these objectives Install the NIC Install the wireless NIC Install the video adapter card Install the NIC A network interface card NIC enables a computer to connect to a network NICs use peripheral component interface PCI and PCle expansion slots on the motherboard as shown in Figure 3 6 Figure 3 6 PCle Network Interface Card Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 89 Follow these steps for NIC installation Step 1 Remove the blank from the case where the new card will be installed so that the port can be accessed Step 2 Align the NIC with the appropriate expansion slot on the motherboard Step 3 Press down gently on the NIC until the card is fully seated Step 4 Secure the NIC PC mounting bracket to the case with the appropriate screw Install the Wireless NIC A wireless NIC as shown in Figure 3 7 enables a computer to connect to a wireless net work Wireless NICs use PCI and PC
64. jectives Install a CPU and a heat sink fan assembly Install the RAM Install the motherboard 82 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Install a CPU and a Heat Sink Fan Assembly The central processing unit CPU and the heat sink fan assembly may be installed on the motherboard before the motherboard is placed in the computer case CPU Figure 3 2 shows a close up view of the CPU and the motherboard The CPU and mother board are sensitive to electrostatic discharge When handling a CPU and motherboard make sure that you place them on a grounded antistatic mat You should wear an antistatic wrist strap while working with these components Key electrostatic sensitive components include the following CPUs Motherboards RAM Expansion cards Hard disk drive electronics Figure 3 2 CPU and Motherboard i bbiipi digaagid fibiiidda 7 7 n PE 7 2 PLELLL O Tit TTT aaa CELI j E EE le j r E de Tei a di 1 re apr aS a f f g 4 ar d _ 1 i L 1 iF 9 r poin j d rig S E l 14 5 ot a er T e T Y pe ee le Mak w 1 TH 4 1 FPF vi J a q m MER TTT 3 hae 7 d ig a Iz El o MiG F k Y 1 Jm E z p a ae vat F a i j A 1 y re J j a i 7 y ma OO aree a J 7 pi Ha amp AA F as i le i J E a5 Y Leni 5 ponen a i E T ia in s LI jm fi i a J a a 7 A z g A
65. l drive screw holes align with the screw holes in the case Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 87 Step 3 Secure the optical drive to the case using the proper screws Caution If you use screws that are too long you may damage the drive you are mounting Install the Floppy Drive A floppy disk drive FDD is a storage device that reads and writes information to a floppy disk A Berg power connector provides the FDD with power from the power supply A floppy drive data cable connects the FDD to the motherboard A floppy disk drive fits into the 3 5 inch bay on the front of the computer case as shown in Figure 3 5 Follow these steps for FDD installation Step 1 Position the FDD so that it aligns with the 3 5 inch drive bay Step 2 Insert the FDD into the drive bay so that the FDD screw holes align with the screw holes in the case Step 3 Secure the FDD to the case using the proper screws Figure 3 5 Floppy Disk Drive Installed Virtual Desktop Activity Drives in External Bays System requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Complete the optical and floppy drive installation in the Virtual Desktop drives in the exter nal bays layer Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book 88 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Lab 3 5 2 Install the Drives In this lab you install the hard dr
66. lay Settings 155 Explore Administrative Tools 155 Computer Management 156 Device Manager 156 Task Manager 157 Services 158 Performance Monitor 158 Event Viewer 159 MMC 159 Remote Desktop 160 Performance Settings 160 Install Navigate and Uninstall an Application 161 Add or Remove Programs Applet 162 Add an Application 162 Uninstall an Application 163 Describe Upgrading an Operating System 164 Upgrading the Operating System to Windows XP 164 Upgrading the Operating System to Windows Vista 165 xiv IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Chapter 6 Identify and Apply Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Operating Systems 166 Create a Preventive Maintenance Plan 166 Preventive Maintenance Planning 166 Device Driver Updates 167 Firmware Updates 167 Operating System Updates 167 Security 167 Startup Programs 168 Schedule a Task 168 System Utilities 169 Automatic Updates 169 Restore Point 170 Backup Status and Configuration 171 ERD and ASR 172 Back Up the Hard Drive 172 Normal Backup 173 Copy Backup 173 Differential Backup 173 Incremental Backup 174 Daily Backup 174 Backup Media 174 Troubleshoot Operating Systems 175 Review the Troubleshooting Process 175 Step 1 Identify the Problem 175 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probable Causes 176 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 176 Step 4 Implement a Solution 177 Step 5 Verify Solution and Full System Functionality 177 Step 6 Document Findi
67. lity 242 Total Cost of Ownership 242 Describe Printer to Computer Interfaces 242 Serial Ports 242 Parallel Ports 243 SCSI Interfaces 243 USB Interfaces 243 FireWire Connections 244 XVII Ethernet Connections 244 Wireless Connections 244 Describe Laser Printers 245 Describe Impact Printers 247 Describe Inkjet Printers 248 Describe Solid Ink Printers 249 Describe Other Printer Types 250 Thermal Printers 250 Dye Sublimation Printers 251 Describe the Installation and Configuration Process for Printers 252 Describe How to Set Up a Printer 253 Explain How to Power and Connect the Device Using a Local or Network Port 254 Describe How to Install and Update the Device Driver Firmware and RAM 255 Printer Drivers 255 Firmware 256 Printer Memory 256 Identify Configuration Options and Default Settings 257 Describe How to Optimize Printer Performance 258 Describe How to Print a Test Page 259 Printing a Test Page 259 Printing from an Application 259 Testing a Printer 259 Testing the Printer from the Printer Panel 260 Describe How to Share a Printer 260 Describe the Types of Scanners Currently Available 261 Describe Scanner Types Resolution and Interfaces 262 Describe All in One Devices 263 Describe Flatbed Scanners 264 Describe Handheld Scanners 265 Describe Drum Scanners 265 Describe the Installation and Configuration Process for Scanners 266 xviii IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion
68. m requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Complete the NIC wireless NIC and video adapter card installation in the Virtual Desktop adapter card layer Refer to the Virtual Desktop software on the CD that comes with this book Lab 3 6 3 Install Adapter Cards In this lab you install the NIC wireless NIC and video adapter card Refer to the lab in IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 91 Connect All Internal Cables Power cables are used to distribute electricity from the power supply to the motherboard and other components Data cables transmit data between the motherboard and storage devices such as hard drives Additional cables connect the buttons and link lights on the front of the computer case to the motherboard After completing this section you will meet these objectives Connect the power cables Connect the data cables Connect the Power Cables Power cables are brightly colored bundles of wires that branch out from the power supply As the name suggests they provide internal devices with electricity There are several kinds of power connectors Motherboard Power Connections Just like other components motherboards require power to operate The Advanced Technology Extended ATX main power conne
69. n skills as confidently as you use a screw driver Chapter 11 Advanced Personal Computers In your career as a technician you might have to determine whether a component for a customer s computer should be upgraded or replaced It is important that you develop advanced skills in installation procedures troubleshooting techniques and diagnostic methods for computers This chapter discusses the importance of component compatibility across hardware and soft ware It also covers the need for adequate system resources to efficiently run the cus tomer s hardware and software Chapter 12 Advanced Operating Systems The installation configuration and optimization of operating systems are examined in greater detail in this chapter There are various brands of operating systems on the market today including Microsoft Windows Apple Mac OS X UNIX and Linux A technician must consider the current computer system when selecting an operating system Each of these operating systems offers many of the same features with a similar interface However some functions necessary for specific customer needs might not be available in all of them You must be able to compare and contrast operating systems to find the best one based on your customer s needs Chapter 13 Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices This chapter covers laptop and portable devices more in depth With the increase in demand for mobility the pop ularity of laptops
70. ndividual computer or to a network You must understand the operation of various types of printers and scanners to be able to install and maintain them as well as troubleshoot any problems that might arise XXXIX Chapter 8 Fundamental Networks This chapter provides an overview of network principles standards and purposes The different types of network topologies proto cols and logical models as well as the hardware needed to create a network are also discussed in this chapter Configuration troubleshooting and preventive maintenance are covered You also learn about network software communication methods and hardware relationships Chapter 9 Fundamental Security Technicians need to understand computer and network security Failure to implement proper security procedures can have an impact on users computers and the general public Private information company secrets financial data computer equipment and items of national security are placed at risk if proper security procedures are not followed This chapter covers why security is impor tant security threats security procedures and how to troubleshoot security issues Chapter 10 Communication Skills As a computer technician you not only fix computers but also interact with people In fact troubleshooting is as much about com municating with the customer as it is about knowing how to fix a computer In this chapter you learn to use good communicatio
71. ng side panels to case 93 computer cases 7 8 cleaning 444 445 selecting for customer 412 Computer Management 156 computer networks See networks computer shared printers 564 computers See also laptops assembling See computer assembly components troubleshooting 448 450 CPU 457 459 memory 457 459 motherboard 454 456 power supplies 456 457 storage devices 451 454 connecting to existing networks 323 326 internal parts cleaning 443 444 concentrators 299 conditioning phase laser printer process 245 configuring BIOS 433 434 438 439 file sharing 604 IE Internet resources 603 laptops 208 Bluetooth 220 cellular WAN capability 221 infrared 220 221 modems 219 220 power Settings 209 214 wireless Ethernet 219 mail servers 614 618 network connections 152 permission levels 646 647 port forwarding 650 651 port triggering 650 651 printers 253 257 258 options 557 558 scanners 267 268 resolution 568 569 screen resolution 491 492 software firewalls 652 653 wireless networks 607 609 connecting computers to networks 323 326 Ethernet 218 printers 254 565 scanners 266 267 connectivity broadband cable modem 332 cellular technology 332 DSL 332 fiber broadband 333 satellite 333 PLC 330 331 telephone technologies analog telephone technology 329 DSL 329 330 ISDN 329 testing 602 connectors 9 10 contacts cleaning 74 contrast ratio 41 Control Panel Regional and Language Option
72. ngs 178 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 178 Summary 182 Summary of Exercises 182 Labs 182 Worksheets 183 Check Your Understanding 183 Fundamental Laptops and Portable Devices 187 Objectives 187 XV Key Terms 187 Describe Laptops and Other Portable Devices 189 Identify Common Uses of Laptops 190 Identify Common Uses of PDAs and Smartphones 190 Identify and Describe the Components of a Laptop 191 Describe the Components Found on the Outside of the Laptop 192 Describe Input Devices Found on Laptops 196 Describe the Components Found on the Laptop Docking Station 199 Compare and Contrast Desktop and Laptop Components 202 Compare and Contrast Desktop and Laptop Motherboards 202 Compare and Contrast Desktop and Laptop Processors 203 Compare and Contrast Desktop and Laptop Power Management 203 Compare and Contrast Desktop and Laptop Expansion Capabilities 204 Explain How to Configure Laptops 208 Describe How to Configure Power Settings 209 Configuring Power Settings in Windows XP and Vista 211 Managing Power Usage 211 Power Management for the Hard Drive and the Display 212 Setting the Laptop Power Options 213 Adjusting Low Battery Warnings 214 Describe the Safe Installation and Removal of Laptop Components 215 Battery Replacement Steps 216 Optical Drive Replacement Steps 216 Hard Drive Replacement Steps 217 Expansion Memory Replacement Steps 217 PC Expansion Card Replacement Steps 217 Hot Swappable Device Removal S
73. nstall Network Printer Software and Drivers on a Computer 564 Upgrade and Configure Printers and Scanners 566 Describe Printer Upgrades 567 Installing Printer Memory 567 Additional Printer Upgrades 568 Describe Scanner Optimization 568 Describe Printer and Scanner Preventive Maintenance Techniques 570 Determine Scheduled Maintenance According to Vendor Guidelines 570 Describe a Suitable Environment for Printers and Scanners 572 Describe Cleaning Methods 572 Printer Maintenance 572 Scanner Maintenance 573 Describe Checking Capacity of Ink Cartridges and Toners 574 Troubleshoot Printers and Scanners 575 Review the Troubleshooting Process 575 Step 1 Identify the Problem 575 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probable Causes 576 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 576 xxx IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Step 4 Implement a Solution 577 Step 5 Verify Solution and Full System Functionality 577 Step 6 Document Findings 578 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 578 Apply Troubleshooting Skills 580 Summary 581 Summary of Exercises 581 Labs 581 Worksheets 582 Check Your Understanding 582 Chapter 15 Advanced Networks 585 Objectives 585 Key Terms 585 Identify Potential Safety Hazards and Implement Proper Safety Procedures Related to Networks 586 Explain Fiber Optic Safety 587 Chemicals 587 Tools 588 Harmful Light 588 Glass Shards 588 Explain Cable Cable Cutters and Cable Cutting Safety Hazard
74. ntial Hazards for Users and Technicians 52 General Safety Guidelines 53 Electrical Safety Guidelines 53 Fire Safety Guidelines 53 Identify Safety Procedures to Protect Equipment from Damage and Data from Loss 55 Electrostatic Discharge 55 Electromagnetic Interference 56 Climate 56 Power Fluctuation Types 56 Power Protection Devices 57 Identify Safety Procedures to Protect the Environment from Contamination 58 Material Safety Data Sheet 58 Proper Disposal of Batteries 60 Proper Disposal of Monitors or CRTs 60 Proper Disposal of Toner Kits Cartridges and Developers 61 Proper Disposal of Chemical Solvents and Aerosol Cans 61 Identify Tools and Software Used with Personal Computer Components and Their Purposes 61 Identify Hardware Tools and Their Purpose 62 ESD Tools 62 Hand Tools 62 Cleaning Tools 63 Diagnostic Tools 63 Identify Software Tools and Their Purpose 63 Disk Management Tools 63 Protection Software Tools 64 Identify Organizational Tools and Their Purpose 65 Chapter 3 Personal Reference Tools 65 Internet Reference Tools 65 Miscellaneous Tools 66 Implement Proper Tool Use 68 Demonstrate Proper Use of an Antistatic Wrist Strap 68 Demonstrate Proper Use of an Antistatic Mat 70 Antistatic Mat 70 Workbench 70 Demonstrate Proper Use of Various Hand Tools 71 Screws 71 Flat Head Screwdriver 71 Phillips Head Screwdriver 72 Hex Driver 72 Part Retriever Needle Nose Pliers or Tweezers 72 Demonstrate Proper
75. ocessor 8 beeps Video memory error Bad video card or memory 9 beeps ROM checksum error Bad BIOS 10 beeps CMOS checksum error Bad motherboard 11 beeps Cache memory bad Bad CPU or motherboard Describe BIOS Setup The BIOS contains a setup program used to configure settings for hardware devices The configuration data is saved to a special memory chip called a complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS CMOS is maintained by the battery in the computer If this battery dies all BIOS setup configuration data will be lost If this occurs replace the battery and reconfigure the BIOS settings To enter the BIOS setup program you must press the proper key or key sequence during POST Most computers use the Delete key Your computer might use another key or combi nation of keys Figure 3 11 shows an example of a BIOS setup program 98 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Figure 3 11 BIOS Setup Program AMIBIOS CIZ2001 American Megatrends Inc BIOS Date 08714703 19 41 02 Ver 08 00 02 Press DEL to run Setup Checking NURAM 10 4MB OK Auto Detecting Pri Master IDE Hard Disk Auto Detecting Pri Slave IDE Hard Disk uto Detecting Sec Master CDROM Auto Detecting Sec Slave Not Detected Pri Master 1 1 Virtual HD Pri slave 1 1 Virtual HD sec Master Virtual CD Here are some common BIOS setup menu options Main System time date HDD type and so forth Advanced Infrared port settings
76. ory recovery partitions 141 hard drives 130 131 parts organizers 63 passive matrix LCD 40 passwords 358 359 640 PATA parallel advanced technology attachment data cables 27 29 92 423 paths 145 PC Cards 207 208 PC expansion cards replacing on laptops 217 PC ExpressCard 207 PCL Printer Command Language 556 PDL page description language 556 PDUs 320 peer to peer networks 286 287 per document printer options configuring 558 performance See optimizing Performance Logs and Alerts 158 Performance Monitor 158 159 performing data backups 656 658 peripherals 281 permission levels configuring 605 646 647 personal reference tools 65 PGA pin grid array 15 Phillips head screwdrivers 62 72 phishing 351 phishing attacks 653 physical layer OSI model 321 physical security 356 637 638 access control devices 643 644 threats to 348 TPM 357 physical topologies 308 309 piezoelectric inkjet nozzles 249 pin grid array 15 ping command 296 298 325 network connection testing 612 ping of death 351 pixels 41 planning preventive maintenance 166 168 PLC power line communication 330 331 PnP Plug and Play 118 POP Post Office Protocol 591 616 POP3 296 490 popups 352 port forwarding configuring 650 651 port protection 359 port replicators 199 selecting for laptops 526 528 port triggering configuring 650 651 portable devices 516 Bluetooth 517 518 cell phones standards
77. oting Process 537 Step 1 Identify the Problem 537 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probable Causes 537 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 538 Step 4 Implement a Solution 538 Step 5 Verify Solution and Full System Functionality 539 Step 6 Document Findings 539 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 539 Hard Drive Replacement Steps 544 Expansion Memory Replacement Steps 544 Optical Drive Replacement Steps 544 Battery Replacement Steps 3545 PC Expansion Card Replacement Steps 545 Hot Swappable Device Removal Steps 545 Apply Troubleshooting Skills 545 Summary 547 Summary of Exercises 547 Worksheets 548 Labs 548 Check Your Understanding 548 Advanced Printers and Scanners 551 Objectives 551 Key Terms 551 Describe Potential Safety Hazards and Safety Procedures Associated with Printers and Scanners 552 Install and Configure a Local Printer and Scanner 553 Connect the Device to a Local Port 554 XXIX Install and Configure the Driver and Software 555 Printer Driver Installation 555 Page Description Language 556 Configure Options and Default Settings 557 Global Method 557 Per Document Method 558 Scanner Calibrations 559 Printer Calibrations 559 Verify Functionality 559 Printer Test 560 Scanner Test 561 Describe How to Share a Printer and a Scanner on a Network 561 Describe the Types of Print Servers 562 Network Print Server Devices 563 Dedicated PC Print Servers 563 Computer Shared Printers 564 Describe How to I
78. ower connector into the FDD Step 4 Connect the 3 pin fan power connector into the appropriate fan header on the motherboard according to the motherboard manual Step 5 Plug the additional cables from the case into the appropriate connectors accord ing to the motherboard manual Connect the Data Cables Drives connect to the motherboard using data cables The drive being connected determines the type of data cable used The types of data cables are PATA SATA and floppy disk PATA Data Cables The parallel advanced technology attachment PATA data cable is sometimes called a rib bon cable because it is wide and flat The PATA cable can have either 40 or 80 conductors A PATA cable usually has three 40 pin connectors One connector at the end of the cable connects to the motherboard The other two connectors connect to drives If multiple hard drives are installed the master drive connects to the end connector The slave drive connects to the middle connector A stripe on the data cable denotes the location of Pin 1 Plug the PATA cable into the drive with the Pin 1 indicator on the cable aligned with the Pin 1 indicator on the drive connector The Pin 1 indicator on the drive connector is usually closest to the power connector on the drive Many motherboards have two PATA drive controllers providing support for a maxi mum of four PATA drives SATA Data Cables The SATA data cable has a 7 pin connector One end of the cable is conn
79. pare Operating Systems to Include Purpose Limitations and Compatibilities 123 Describe Desktop Operating Systems 123 Microsoft Windows 124 Apple Mac OS 124 UNIX Linux 125 Describe Network Operating Systems 125 Determine Operating System Based on Customer Needs 126 Identify Applications and Environments That Are Compatible with an Operating System 126 Determine Minimum Hardware Requirements and Compatibility with the OS Platform 127 Hardware Compatibility List 128 Install an Operating System 129 Identify Hard Drive Setup Procedures 130 Partitioning and Formatting 130 Prepare the Hard Drive 131 Install the Operating System Using Default Settings 134 Create User Accounts 136 Complete the Installation 137 Describe Custom Installation Options 139 Disk Cloning 139 Network Installation 140 Recovery Disc 140 xiii Factory Recovery Partition 141 Identify the Boot Sequence Files and Registry Files 141 Windows XP Boot Process 141 NTLDR and the Windows Boot Menu 142 Windows Registry 142 NT Kernel 143 Describe How to Manipulate Operating System Files 143 Startup Modes 144 Describe Directory Structures 145 File Extensions and Attributes 145 Describe NTFS and FAT32 147 Navigate a GUI Windows 148 Manipulate Items on the Desktop 149 Display Properties 150 Desktop Items 150 Start Menu 151 My Computer 151 Launching Applications 152 My Network Places 152 Explore Control Panel Applets 153 Control Panel Applets 153 Disp
80. r on self test POST After completing this section you will meet these objectives Identify beep codes Describe BIOS setup Figure 3 10 BIOS Setup Screenshot Copyright 1996 2002 5WVW25 86B 0094 P01 0211111021 SWV2 Production BIOS Version 1 00 BIOS Build 0054 2 X Intel R Xeon TM CPU 2 006H Testing system memory memory size 1024MB 1024MB Extended Memory Passed 512K L2 Cache SRAM Passed USB Legacy m Enabled Identify Beep Codes POST checks to see that all of the hardware in the computer is operating correctly If a device is malfunctioning an error or a beep code alerts the technician that there is a prob lem Typically a single beep denotes that the computer is functioning properly If there is a Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 97 hardware problem the computer might emit a series of beeps Each BIOS manufacturer uses different codes to indicate hardware problems Table 3 1 shows a sample chart of beep codes The beep codes for your computer might be different Consult the motherboard doc umentation to view beep codes for your computer Table 3 1 Sample Beep Codes Beep Code Meaning Cause 1 beep Passed POST Successfully passed POST 2 beeps Memory parity error Bad memory 3 beeps Base 64K memory failure Bad memory 4 beeps Timer not operational Bad motherboard 5 beeps Processor error Bad processor 6 beeps 8042 gate A20 failure Bad CPU or motherboard 7 beeps Processor exception Bad pr
81. reating 136 ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 204 209 actions documenting 112 Active Directory 125 active matrix LCD 40 active partitions 130 ActiveX as security threat 350 adapter cards 23 24 capture selecting 422 graphics cards selecting 420 I O cards selecting 421 inspecting 447 installing 88 NICs installing 88 89 selecting 422 selecting 419 420 sound cards selecting 420 421 storage controllers selecting 421 video adapter cards 88 90 wireless NICs installing 89 Add or Remove Programs utility 162 Administrative Tools 155 160 Computer Management 156 Device Manager 156 optimizing operating system performance 484 Event Viewer 159 MMC Microsoft Management console 159 Performance Monitor 158 159 performance settings 160 Remote Desktop 160 Services 158 484 System Monitor optimizing operating system performance 485 486 Task Manager 157 484 485 ADSL Asymmetric DSL 330 advanced BIOS settings 433 434 Adware 350 Aero 149 aerosol cans disposing of 61 AFH adaptive frequency hopping 518 all in one scanners 262 264 Alt 4 SCSI connectors 30 AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System 222 analog telephone technology 329 analog transmission systems 222 angry customers dealing with 384 ANSI American National Standards Institute 311 312 antistatic devices 409 antistatic mats 62 70 antistatic wrist straps 55 68 69 antivirus software 64 167 349 signature
82. replacing on laptops 216 selecting for laptops 525 526 beep codes 96 97 110 141 bench technicians 405 Berg power connectors 10 87 92 biometric devices 356 644 biometric identification 38 biometric security 361 BIOS basic input output system 96 98 110 BISDN 329 blackouts 57 Bluetooth 244 517 518 configuring on laptops 220 boot device priority 141 Boot Normally startup mode 145 boot process 141 143 boot ini file 142 dual boot setup 494 booting computer 96 beep codes 96 97 BIOS Setup 97 98 bps bits per second 289 BRI Basic Rate Interface 329 bridges 300 broadband 290 cable modem 332 cellular technology 332 DSL 332 fiber broadband 333 satellite 333 broadband optical telepoint networks 518 broadcast topologies 309 brownouts 57 BSoD blue screen of death 504 BSS basic service set 301 bus 414 bus topology 308 business policies observing 390 C cable Internet connection 596 cable modem 332 cable testers 408 cable ties 63 cabled Ethernet standards 313 10Base T 314 100Base TX 314 1000Base T 314 315 cables coaxial 304 fiber optic 305 306 FireWire 32 inspecting 448 installing 602 603 power cables 94 safety issues 588 589 selecting 593 594 twisted pair 302 304 cache memory 22 caching 17 489 calibrating printers 559 scanners 268 559 call center environment 393 level one technicians 394 395 level two technicians 395 396 call transfers pro
83. ries selecting 525 526 Bluetooth 517 518 configuring 220 cellular WAN configuring 221 technologies 519 520 cleaning 225 227 common uses 190 comparing with desktops 202 expansion capabilities 204 208 motherboards 202 203 power management 203 204 processors 203 component installation 215 216 batteries 216 expansion memory 217 hard drives 217 hot swappable devices 218 optical drives 216 PC expansion cards 217 configuring 208 CRUs 523 data version control 535 536 docking stations 199 201 selecting 526 528 expansion memory replacing 544 external components 192 196 FRUs 523 GriD Compass 1101 189 hard drive replacing 544 hot swappable devices replacing 545 input devices 196 197 199 IR wireless technology 220 221 518 519 modems configuring 219 220 optical drives replacing 545 optimal operating environments 227 228 port replicators selecting 526 528 power settings configuring 209 214 preventive maintenance 532 535 RAM selecting 529 531 rechargeable batteries comparing 193 194 repairing 523 524 satellite technology 522 523 storage devices selecting 528 529 troubleshooting 228 233 536 546 Wi Fi 521 522 wireless Ethernet configuring 219 laser printers 245 246 410 Last Known Good Configuration 145 launching applications 152 layers of OSI model 320 LCD liquid crystal display 40 74 198 LCD cutoff switch 199 LEAP 363 legal rules observing 392 level one technici
84. rnal cable connections Monitor Keyboard Mouse m USB Ethernet m Power When attaching cables ensure that they are connected to the correct locations on the com puter For example some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of PS 2 connector 94 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Floppy Drive Data Cables The floppy drive data cable has a 34 pin connector Like the PATA data cable the floppy drive data cable has a stripe to denote the location of Pin 1 A floppy drive cable usually has three 34 pin connectors One connector at the end of the cable connects to the mother board The other two connectors connect to drives If multiple floppy drives are installed the A drive connects to the end connector The B drive connects to the middle connector Plug the floppy drive data cable into the drive with the Pin 1 indicator on the cable aligned with the Pin 1 indicator on the drive connector Motherboards have one floppy drive con troller providing support for a maximum of two floppy drives Note If Pin 1 on the floppy drive data cable is not aligned with Pin 1 on the drive connector the floppy drive does not function This misalignment does not damage the drive but the drive activity light dis plays continuously To fix this problem turn off the computer and reconnect the data cable so that Pin 1 on the cable and Pin 1 on the connector are aligned Reboot the computer Follow these steps for d
85. rocess Preventive mainte nance is a regular and systematic inspection cleaning and replacement of worn parts materials and systems Preventive maintenance helps to prevent failure of parts mate rials and systems by ensuring that they are in good working order Troubleshooting is a systematic approach to locating the cause of a fault in a computer system A good pre ventive maintenance program helps minimize failures With fewer failures there is less troubleshooting to do thus saving an organization time and money Chapter 5 Fundamental Operating Systems The operating system OS controls almost all functions on a computer In this chapter you learn about the components functions and terminology related to the Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista and Widows 7 operating systems Chapter 6 Fundamental Laptops and Portable Devices Laptops personal digital assistants PDA and smartphones are becoming more popular as their prices decrease and technology continues to progress As a computer technician you need to have knowledge of portable devices of all kinds This chapter focuses on the differences between laptops and desktops and describes the features of PDAs and smartphones Chapter 7 Fundamental Printers and Scanners This chapter provides essential information about printers and scanners You learn how printers operate what to con sider when purchasing a printer and how to connect printers to an i
86. s 486 Control Panel applets 153 155 conversation etiquette 108 CONVERT EXE 147 converting file systems 147 cookies 488 cooling systems 19 20 inspecting 445 copy backups 173 copy command 122 cost as network selection criteria 594 counterfeit products 335 CPU throttling 18 203 CPUs 14 hyperthreading 18 inspecting 445 data version control 717 installing 431 instruction sets 17 overclocking 18 pin grid array 15 selecting for customer 414 416 sockets 14 17 troubleshooting 457 459 upgrading 434 435 creating security policies 634 critical battery alarm 214 CRT displays 40 cleaning 74 disposing of 60 CRUs customer replaceable units 523 CSMA CD carrier sense multiple access collision detection 309 313 current 10 56 custom operating system installation 139 141 472 476 customizing desktop 149 152 display settings 155 My Computer settings 151 performance settings 160 Start menu 151 cylinders 131 D daily backups 174 daisy wheel printers 247 DAT Digital Audio Tape 174 data backups 360 data cables 29 30 floppy drive data cables 94 PATA 92 SATA 92 data encryption 359 data link layer OSI model 321 data protection 106 backups 107 passwords 358 data security 644 645 data transmission 289 290 data version control 535 536 718 data wiping data wiping 353 DDoS distributed denial of service attacks 351 DDR Double Data Rate 21 de encapsulation 321
87. s sharing 260 561 562 software installing 564 565 protocols 295 296 selecting 590 593 scanners sharing 561 562 standards organizations 311 312 topology designing 589 590 troubleshooting 335 340 619 627 VoIP 333 VPNs 334 WANs 285 wireless connection testing 610 613 NIC installing 606 607 routers installing 607 609 WLANs 285 NICs network interface cards 23 drivers installing 322 323 uninstalling 323 installing 88 89 selecting 422 598 599 wireless NICs 89 606 607 NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone 222 noise 57 noninterlaced monitors 41 nonparity error checking 22 normal backups 173 Northbridge 14 NOS network operating system 468 469 notes 65 Novell NetWare 125 nslookup command testing network connection 613 NT kernel 143 ntbackup command 656 NTBOOTDD SYS 143 NTES New Technology File System 132 147 permissions 646 NTLDR NT Loader 142 NTOSKRNL EXE 143 nut drivers 63 O observing business policies 390 ethical customs 391 legal rules 392 SLAs 389 390 OCR optical character recognition 263 OEM original equipment manufacturer components 525 offline files and folders 471 Ohm s Law 11 open ended questions 108 in troubleshooting process 175 open source programs 125 OpenGL Open Graphics Library 120 opening cases 80 operating systems 727 operating systems 117 468 32 bit versus 64 bit 122 application compatibility 126 127 default
88. s 497 CLI Scheduled Tasks 498 Windows Automatic Updates 498 Set Restore Points 499 Troubleshoot Operating Systems 501 Review the Troubleshooting Process 501 Step 1 Identify the Problem 501 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probable Causes 502 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 502 Step 4 Implement a Solution 503 Step 5 Verify Solution and Full System Functionality 503 Step 6 Document Your Findings 503 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 504 Apply Troubleshooting Skills 509 Summary 511 Summary of Exercises 511 Labs 511 Check Your Understanding 512 Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices 515 Objectives 515 Key Terms 515 Describe Wireless Communication Methods for Laptops and Portable Devices 516 Describe Bluetooth Technology 517 Describe Infrared Technology 518 Describe Cellular WAN Technology 519 Describe Wi Fi Technology 520 Describe Satellite Technology 522 Describe Repairs for Laptops and Portable Devices 523 Select Laptop Components 524 Select Batteries 525 Select a Docking Station or Port Replicator 526 xxviii IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Chapter 14 Select Storage Devices 528 Select Additional RAM 529 Describe Preventive Maintenance Procedures for Laptops 532 Describe How to Schedule and Perform Maintenance on Laptops 532 Explain How to Manage Data Version Control Between Desktops and Laptops 535 Describe How to Troubleshoot a Laptop 536 Review the Troublesho
89. s 588 Design a Network Based on the Customer s Needs 589 Determine a Topology 589 Determine Protocols and Network Applications 590 Determine the Components for the Customer s Network 593 Select Cable Types 593 Wireless 594 Cost 594 Security 395 Design for the Future 595 Select the ISP Connection Type 595 Plain Old Telephone Service 595 Integrated Services Digital Network 595 Digital Subscriber Line 596 XXXI Cable 596 Satellite 596 Cellular 596 Wireless 597 Compare ISP Connection Types 597 Select Network Cards 598 Select the Network Device 599 Hubs 399 Switches 600 Routers 600 ISP Equipment 601 Implement the Customer s Network 601 Install and Test the Customer s Network 602 Configure the Customer s Internet and Network Resources 603 Temporary Internet Files 603 Default Browser 604 File Sharing 604 Printer Sharing 605 Upgrade the Customer s Network 606 Install and Configure a Wireless NIC 606 Install and Configure a Wireless Router 607 802 11 Protocol Selection 608 Static IP Address Configuration 609 SSID Setting 609 Firmware Update 609 Test the Connection 609 Network Connections 610 ipconfig 612 ping 612 tracert 612 net 613 nslookup 613 Describe the Installation Configuration and Management of a Simple Mail Server 614 SMTP 615 POP 616 IMAP 616 xxxil IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Email Server 616 Email Server Installation 617 Describe Preventi
90. s book is designed to provide information about the Cisco Networking Academy IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software course Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible but no warranty or fitness is implied The information is provided on an as is basis The authors Cisco Press and Cisco Systems Inc shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems Inc Publisher Paul Boger Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer Manager Global Certification Erik Ullanderson Business Operation Manager Cisco Press Anand Sundaram Executive Editor Mary Beth Ray Managing Editor Sandra Schroeder Development Editor Dayna Isley Senior Project Editor Tonya Simpson Copy Editor Bill McManus Technical Editors Rick McDonald William Shurbert Editorial Assistant Vanessa Evans Book Designer Louisa Adair Cover Designer Sandra Schroeder Composition Studio Galou LLC Indexer Tim Wright Proofreader Sheri Cain Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately cap italized Cisco Press or Cisco Systems Inc cannot attest
91. s over the foundational knowledge that aligns with the CompTIA A Essentials exam 220 701 The second unit covered in Chapters 11 through 16 explores more advanced concepts in greater depth to prepare you for the CompTIA A Practical Application exam 220 702 You must pass both exams to earn the CompTIA A certification The course and book also align with the objectives in the first three modules of the EUCIP IT Administrator certification www eucip org Module 1 PC Hardware Module 2 Operating Systems and Module 3 Local Area Network and Network Services Who Should Read This Book This book is intended for students in the Cisco Networking Academy IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software version 4 1 course This student typically is pursuing a career in information technology IT or wants to have the knowledge of how a computer works how to assemble a computer and how to troubleshoot hardware and software issues Book Features The features in this book facilitate an understanding of computer systems and troubleshoot ing system problems The highlights of each chapter are as follows Objectives Each chapter starts with a list of objectives that should be mastered by the end of the chapter The objectives are framed as focus questions addressing the concepts covered in the chapter Key terms Each chapter includes a list of the key terms identified in the chapter listed in the order in which they appear in the chapter Thes
92. se T 314 100Base TX 314 1000Base T 314 315 connecting 218 wireless standards 315 316 ethical customs 391 392 EUCIP certification 5 6 EV DO Evolution Data Optimized 332 520 event logging 641 Event Viewer 109 110 159 expansion capabilities comparing laptop and desktop 204 208 expansion memory replacing on laptops 217 544 expansion slots 414 extended partitions 130 477 extended star topology 309 extensions list of 145 external cables connecting 93 95 96 external drives backups 175 flash drives 26 installing 86 FDDs 87 88 optical drives 86 87 selecting 427 428 external laptop components 192 196 external threats to security 348 E factory recovery partitions 141 fans installing 435 436 selecting for customer 416 417 Fast Ethernet 314 FAT32 File Allocation Table 32 bit 132 147 permissions 646 FDDs floppy disk drives data cables 29 installing 87 88 selecting 425 FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 310 fiber broadband technology 333 fiber optic cable 305 306 safety issues 587 field technicians skill requirements 405 file attributes 146 file extensions showing 479 file management 118 file sharing configuring 604 File Signature Verification utility 482 file systems 479 480 permissions 646 security 361 362 types of 131 133 147 filename extensions list of 145 files data version control 535 536 offline files and folders 471 properties viewing 147
93. stics of Common Network Cables 302 Twisted Pair 302 Category Rating 304 Coaxial Cable 304 Fiber Optic Cable 305 Describe LAN Topologies and Architectures 306 Describe LAN Topologies 308 Physical Topologies 308 Logical Topologies 309 Describe LAN Architectures 309 Ethernet 309 Token Ring 310 FDDI 310 Identify Standards Organizations 310 Identify Ethernet Standards 312 Explain Cabled Ethernet Standards 313 Ethernet Technologies 313 Summary of Ethernet Technologies 315 Explain Wireless Ethernet Standards 315 Explain the OSI and TCP IP Data Models 316 Define the TCP IP Model 317 Application Layer Protocols 318 xx IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Transport Layer Protocols 318 Internet Layer Protocols 319 Network Access Layer Protocols 319 Define the OSI Model 319 Compare the OSI and TCP IP Models 321 Describe How to Configure a NIC anda Modem 322 Install or Update a NIC Driver 322 Uninstall a NIC Driver 323 Attach the Computer to an Existing Network 323 Describe the Installation of a Modem 326 AT Commands 327 Identify the Names Purposes and Characteristics of Other Technologies Used to Establish Connectivity 328 Describe Telephone Technologies 328 Analog Telephone 329 Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN 329 Digital Subscriber Line DSL 329 Define Power Line Communication 330 Define Broadband 331 Cellular 332 Cable 332 DSL 332 Satellite 333 Fiber Broadband 3
94. teps 218 Laptop Communication Hardware Installation and Configuration 218 Ethernet Installation and Configuration Steps 218 Wireless Ethernet Installation and Configuration Steps 219 Modem Installation and Configuration Steps 219 Bluetooth Installation and Configuration Steps 220 Infrared Installation and Configuration Steps 220 Cellular WAN Installation and Configuration Steps 221 xvi IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Chapter 7 Compare the Different Mobile Phone Standards 222 Identify Common Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Laptops and Portable Devices 224 Identify Appropriate Cleaning Procedures 225 Laptop Keyboard Cleaning Procedures 225 Ventilation Cleaning Procedures 225 LCD Cleaning Procedures 226 Touch Pad Cleaning Procedures 226 Floppy Drive Cleaning Procedures 226 Optical Drive Cleaning Procedures 227 Cleaning a CD or DVD Disc 227 Identify Optimal Operating Environments 227 Describe How to Troubleshoot Laptops and Portable Devices 228 Review the Troubleshooting Process 229 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 231 Summary 234 Summary of Exercises 234 Worksheets 235 Virtual Laptop Activities 235 Check Your Understanding 235 Fundamental Printers and Scanners 239 Objectives 239 Key Terms 239 Describe the Types of Printers Currently Available 240 Describe the Characteristics and Capabilities of Printers 241 Capacity and Speed 241 Color or Black and White 241 Quality 24 Reliabi
95. to connect all internal cables How do I attach the components to the motherboard and install the motherboard How do I reattach the side panels and connect 9 How do I install internal drives external cables to the computer How do install drives in external bays What happens when I boot the computer for the first time Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms You can find the definitions in the Glossary electrostatic discharge ESD page 80 Berg power connector page 87 power supply page 80 adapter card page 88 motherboard page amp 1 network interface card NIC page 88 central processing unit CPU page 82 video adapter card page 89 zero insertion force ZIF socket page 83 Advanced Technology Extended ATX page 91 thermal compound page 83 serial advanced technology attachment SATA isopropyl alcohol page 83 A E heat sink fan assembly page 83 parallel advanced technology attachment PATA data cable page 92 dom RAM 54 random access memory page SATA data cable page 92 volatile memory page 85 o basic input output system BIOS page 96 hard disk drive HDD 86 ard disk drive page beep code page 97 optical drive page 86 P pag complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS floppy disk drive FDD page 86 page 97 Molex power connector page 86 80 IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Assembling computers is a large part of a technician s job As a technician yo
96. to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Corporate and Government Sales The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales which may include electronic versions and or custom covers and content particular to your business train ing goals marketing focus and branding interests For more information please contact U S Corporate and Government Sales 1 800 382 3419 corpsalesOpearsontechgroup com For sales outside the United States please contact International Sales international Opearsoned com Feedback Information At Cisco Press our goal is to create in depth technical books of the highest quality and value Each book is crafted with care and precision undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community Readers feedback is a natural continuation of this process If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs you can contact us through email at feedback ciscopress com Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message We greatly appreciate your assistance Americas Headquarters Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems Inc Cisco Systems Inc 170 West Tasman Drive 168 Robinson Roa
97. tomizing settings for 151 My Network Places configuring network connections 152 N narrow SCSI data cables 30 NAT Network Address Translation 294 native resolution 41 needle nose pliers 63 72 net command testing network connection 613 NetBEUI 295 591 netiquette 386 network access layer protocols 319 network cards selecting 598 599 Network Diagnostics tool 482 network layer OSI model 320 networks 281 architectural models OSI model 319 321 TCP IP model 317 319 bandwidth 288 benefits of 282 cable installing 602 603 selecting 593 594 cables coaxial 304 fiber optic 305 306 twisted pair 302 304 client server 287 288 computers connecting to 323 326 connections 282 data transmission 289 290 designing cost 594 devices selecting 599 601 ISP type selecting 595 598 network cards selecting 598 599 devices 298 bridges 300 hubs 299 modems installing 326 327 multipurpose devices 302 routers 300 selecting 599 601 switches 300 fiber optic safety issues 587 ICMP ping 296 298 IP addressing 290 DHCP 293 294 dotted decimal notation 290 hierarchical addressing 291 manual configuration 292 293 subnet masks 291 292 LANs 284 architectures 309 310 logical topologies 306 309 physical topologies 308 309 mail servers installing 614 618 operating system installation 140 peer to peer 286 287 ports 34 preventive maintenance 334 335 619 print servers 562 563 printer
98. u will need to work in a logical methodical manner when working with computer components As with any learned trade your computer assembly skills will improve dramatically with practice Open the Case Computer cases are produced in a variety of form factors Form factors refer to the size and shape of the case Prepare the workspace before opening the computer case There should be adequate light ing good ventilation and a comfortable room temperature The workbench or table should be accessible from all sides Avoid cluttering the surface of the workbench or table with tools and computer components An antistatic mat on the table will help prevent physical and electrostatic discharge ESD damage to equipment Small containers can be used to hold small screws and other parts as they are being removed There are different methods for opening cases To learn how to open a particular computer case consult the user manual or the manufacturer s website Most computer cases are opened in one of the following ways The computer case cover can be removed as one piece The top and side panels of the case can be removed The top of the case may need to be removed before the side panels can be removed Tool less entries allow technicians to enter a case without the use of tools Install the Power Supply A technician may be required to replace or install a power supply as shown in Figure 3 1 Most power supplies can fit into the comp
99. ustomers dealing with 383 tape drives for backups 174 Task Manager 157 operating systems optimizing 484 485 Task Scheduler 168 172 tasks scheduling 497 498 TCO total cost of ownership 242 TCP Transmission Control Protocol 319 Thicknet 735 TCP IP 295 590 TCP IP attacks 353 TCP IP model 317 application layer protocols 318 comparing to OSI model 321 Internet layer protocols 319 network access layer protocols 319 transport layer protocols 318 technician resources 378 technicians level one responsibilities 394 395 level two responsibilities 395 396 required skills 404 405 safety procedures electrical safety guidelines 53 fire safety guidelines 53 55 general safety guidelines 53 tools 407 408 telephone technologies for Internet connectivity analog telephone technology 329 DSL 329 330 ISDN 329 Telnet 296 318 temporary files deleting 486 487 603 locations 470 test pages printing 259 260 560 testing 111 network connectivity 602 printer drivers 556 scanners 561 wireless connections 610 611 ipconfig command 612 net command 613 nslookup command 613 ping command 612 tracert command 612 TFT thin film transistor 40 thermal compound 83 themes 149 theory of probable cause establishing 111 thermal inkjet nozzles 249 thermal printers 250 251 Thicknet 304 736 Thinnet Thinnet 304 threats to security 348 DoS 351 social engineering 352 spam 351 TCP IP attacks 353
100. uter case in only one way There are usually three or four screws that attach the power supply to the case Power supplies have fans that can vibrate and loosen screws that are not secured When installing a power supply make sure that all of the screws are used and that they are properly tightened These are the power supply installation steps Step 1 Insert the power supply into the case Step 2 Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in the case Step 3 Secure the power supply to the case using the proper screws Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step 81 Figure 3 1 Power Supply Virtual Desktop Activity Power Supply Complete the power supply layer in the Virtual Desktop Refer to the Virtual Desktop soft ware on the CD that comes with this book Virtual Desktop Activity Motherboard System requirements for the Virtual Desktop include a minimum of 512 MB RAM and Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating system Lab 3 2 0 Install the Power Supply In this lab you install the power supply in the computer Refer to the lab in JT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Lab Manual Fourth Edition You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter Attach the Components to the Motherboard and Install the Motherboard This section details the steps to install components on the motherboard and then install the motherboard into the computer case After completing this section you will meet these ob
101. ve Maintenance Procedures for Networks 619 Troubleshoot the Network 619 Review the Troubleshooting Process 620 Step 1 Identify the Problem 620 Step 2 Establish a Theory of Probable Causes 621 Step 3 Determine an Exact Cause 621 Step 4 Implement a Solution 622 Step 5 Verify Solution and Full System Functionality 622 Step 6 Document Findings 622 Identify Common Problems and Solutions 623 Apply Troubleshooting Skills 627 Summary 629 Summary of Exercises 629 Labs 629 Worksheets 630 Packet Tracer Activities 630 Check Your Understanding 630 Chapter 16 Advanced Security 633 Objectives 633 Key Terms 633 Outline Security Requirements Based on Customer Needs 634 Outline a Local Security Policy 635 Explain When and How to Use Security Hardware 637 Explain When and How to Use Security Application Software 639 Select Security Components Based on Customer Needs 640 Describe and Compare Security Techniques 640 Passwords 640 Logging and Auditing 641 Wireless Configurations 641 Security Technologies 641 Describe and Compare Access Control Devices 643 Physical Security 643 xxXili Data Security 644 Describe and Compare Firewall Types 645 Implement a Customer s Security Policy 646 Configure Security Settings 646 Permission Levels for Folders and Files 646 Wireless Antennae 647 Network Device Access Permissions 647 Wireless Security Modes 648 SSID 648 MAC Address Filtering 649 Firewalls 649 Port Forwarding and Port Tri
102. ver 125 Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool 168 Windows operating systems directory structure program file locations 470 system file locations 470 Temporary file locations 470 user file locations 470 troubleshooting MSCONFIG command 494 495 Windows Server 2003 125 Windows Server 2008 125 Windows SIM System Image Manager 475 Windows System Restore utility 171 Windows Vista Aero 149 backups performing 657 common problems troubleshooting 508 Disk Cleanup running 534 firewall enabling 652 power settings configuring 211 214 Sidebar 150 upgrading to 165 Windows Vista Business 124 Windows Vista Home Basic 124 Windows Vista Home Premium 124 Windows Vista Ultimate 124 Windows XP backups performing 657 boot process 141 143 common problems troubleshooting 504 508 Disk Management utility 476 firewall enabling 652 installing custom installation 473 476 low battery warnings configuring 214 power management configuring 210 214 printer drivers installing 565 Schedule Tasks utility 497 498 updates performing 655 upgrading to 164 volume mounting 478 Windows XP 64 bit Edition 124 Windows XP Home Edition 124 Windows XP Media Center 124 Windows XP Professional 124 Windows XP Security Center 64 Windows XP Service Pack 2 SP2 compatibility mode 122 Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 124 WINLOGON EXE 143 wire cutters 63 wireless Ethernet 315 316 configuring on laptops 219 wir
103. xploration of net working and network security concepts and enable you to experiment with network behavior Note the Packet Tracer software is not included with this CD Ask your instructor for access to Packet Tracer Check Your Understanding review questions Review questions are presented at the end of each chapter to serve as an assessment In addition the questions reinforce the concepts introduced in the chapter and help test your understanding before you move on to subsequent chapters Answers to the questions are available in the Appendix CD ROM The CD ROM that accompanies this book contains all the Virtual Desktop activities Virtual Laptop activities and Packet Tracer activities referenced throughout the book These are standalone tools designed by Cisco to supplement classroom learn ing by providing a virtual hands on experience where real equipment is limited How This Book Is Organized This book corresponds closely to the Cisco IT Essentials Course and is divided into 16 chapters one appendix and a glossary of key terms Chapter 1 Introduction to the Personal Computer Information technology IT is the design development implementation support and management of computer hardware and software applications An IT professional is knowledgeable about com puter systems and operating systems This chapter reviews IT certifications and the components of a basic personal computer system xxxvill I

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