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DA-685 Series Linux User`s Manual

1. net tools 1 60 22 The NET 3 networking toolkit netbase 4 34 Basic TCP IP networking system netcat traditional 1 10 38 TCP IP swiss army knife nfs common 1 1 1 2 6lenny2 NFS support files common to client and server ntpdate 1 4 2 4p4 dfsg 8lenny3 client for setting system time from NTP servers openbsd inetd 0 20080125 2 The OpenBSD Internet Superserver openssh blacklist 0 4 1 list of default blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys openssh blacklist extra 0 4 1 list of non default blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys openssh client 1 5 1p1 5 secure shell client an rlogin rsh rcp replacement openssh server 1 5 1p1 5 secure shell server an rshd replacement openssl 0 9 8g 15 lenny8 Secure Socket Layer SSL binary and related cryptographic too openssl blacklist 0 4 2 list of blacklisted OpenSSL RSA keys openvpn 2 1 rcii 1i virtual private network daemon openvpn blacklist 0 3 list of blacklisted OpenVPN RSA shared keys oss compat 0 0 4 nmu2 OSS compatibility package passwd 1 4 1 1 6 lenny1 change and administer password and group data pciutils 1 3 0 0 6 Linux PCI Utilities A 12 DA 685 Linux Software Components perl 5 10 0 19lenny2 Larry Wall s Practical Extraction and Report Language perl base 5 10 0 19lenny2 minimal Perl system perl modules 5 10 0 19lenny2 Core Perl modules php5 common 5 2 6 dfsg 1 1 lenny9
2. MOXA apt get remove usbmount 4 apt get install gnome volume manager MOXA umount ATTENTION Remember to type the command sync before you disconnect the USB storage device If you do not issue the command you may lose data ATTENTION Remember to exit the media usbO or media usb1 directory when you disconnect the USB storage device If you stay in media usbO or media usbi the automatic un mount process will fail If that happens type umount media usb0 to un mount the USB device manually Inserting a Compact Flash card Moxa s DA 685 computers support the CF card for extensive storage Because the CF slot does not support hot plug function please shutdown the device and insert the CF card into the slot After rebooting the CF card will auto mount at media cfn here n is the number of partition This is because a udev rule to support this feature in etc udev rules d 96 moxa rules CF automount for DA 685 KERNEL sd 1 9 KERNELS 1 0 1 0 RUN bin mount dev k media cf n ATTENTION If you do not want to mount CF card automatically just comment the rule in etc udev rules d 96 moxa rules Checking the Linux Version The program uname which stands for Unix Name and is part of the Unix operating system prints the name version and other details about the operating system running on the computer Use the a option to generate a response similar to the one shown below
3. Wait for up n milliseconds after the connect script finishes for a valid PPP packet from the peer At the end of this time or when a valid PPP packet is received from the peer pppd will commence negotiation by sending its first LCP packet The default value is 1000 1 second This wait period only applies if the connect or pty option is used connect delay lt n gt Load the pppoe plugin lugin rp pppoe so End of File gt 3 19 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 6 If you use LAN1 to connect to the ADSL modem add file etc ppp options ethO If you use LAN2 to connect to the ADSL modem then add etc ppp options eth1 etc name username hinet net mtu 1492 mru 1492 defaultroute noipdefault Type your username the one you set in the etc ppp pap secrets and etc ppp chap secrets files after the name option You may add other options as desired 7 Set up DNS If you are using DNS servers supplied by your ISP edit the file etc resolv conf by adding the following lines of code nameserver ip addr of first dns server nameserver ip addr of second dns server For example nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 139 175 10 20 MOXA etc cat resolv conf resolv conf This file is the resolver configuration file See resolver 5 nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 139 175 10 20 8 Use the following command to create a pppoe connection pppd etho The ADSL modem is connected to
4. 6b 2f Are you sure you want to continue connection yes no yes Adjusting the System Time The DA 685 LX has two time settings One is the system time and the other is provided by an RTC Real Time Clock built into the DA 685 LX s hardware DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Setting the Time Manually Use the date command to query the current system time or set a new system time Use hwclock to query the current RTC time or set a new RTC time Use the following command to set the system time date MMDDhhmmYYYY MM Month DD Date hhmm Hour and Minute YYYY Year Use the following command to write the current system time to the RTC hwclock w MOXA date Wed Dec 16 03 34 46 CST 2009 MOXA hwclock Wed 16 Dec 2009 03 35 16 AM CST 0 017600 seconds MOXA date 121616352009 Wed Dec 16 16 35 00 CST 2009 MOXA hwclock w MOXA date hwclock Wed Dec 16 16 36 12 CST 2009 Wed 16 Dec 2009 03 38 13 AM CST 0 016751 seconds NTP Client The DA 685 LX has a built in NTP Network Time Protocol client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote NTP server Use ntpdate to update the system time ntpdate time stdtime gov tw hwclock w Visit http www ntp org for more information about NTP and NTP server addresses MOXA date hwclock Wed Dec 16 16 36 12 CST 2009 Wed 16 Dec 2009 03 38 13 AM CST 0 016751 seconds MOXA MOXA ntpdate time stdtime gov tw 16 Dec 03
5. Common files for packages built from the php5 source pm utils 1 1 2 4 1 utilities and scripts for power management portmap 6 0 9 RPC port mapper powermgmt base 1 30 nmul Common utils and configs for power management ppp 2 4 4rel 10 1 Point to Point Protocol PPP daemon pppconfig 2 3 18 A text menu based utility for configuring ppp pppoe 3 8 3 PPP over Ethernet driver pppoeconf 1 18 configures PPPoE ADSL connections procps 1 3 2 7 11 proc file system utilities proftpd 1 3 1 17lenny4 versatile virtual hosting FTP daemon proftpd basic proftpd mod Idap 1 3 1 17lenny4 1 3 1 17lenny4 versatile virtual hosting FTP daemon binaries versatile virtual hosting FTP daemon LDAP module proftpd mod mysal proftpd mod pgsql 1 3 1 17lenny4 1 3 1 17lenny4 versatile virtual hosting FTP daemon MySQL module versatile virtual hosting FTP daemon PostgreSQL module psmisc 22 6 1 Utilities that use the proc filesystem python 2 5 2 3 An interactive high level object oriented language default ve python central 0 6 8 register and build utility for Python packages python dbus 0 82 4 2 simple interprocess messaging system Python interface python fpconst 0 7 2 4 Utilities for handling IEEE 754 floating point special values python gobject 2 14 2 2 Python bindings for the GObject library python libxml2 2 6 32 dfsg 5 lenny1 Python bindings for the GNOME XML
6. eth_netmask 255 255 255 0 eth_broadcast 192 168 8 255 gw 192 168 8 174 Start the bridge script file to configure the bridge interface etc openvpn bridge restart 6 On machine OpenVPN B modify the remote address in configuration file etc openvpn tapO br conf point to the peer remote 192 168 8 173 dev tapO secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 up etc openvpn tap0 br sh 3 23 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 7 Next modify the routing table in etc openvpn tapO br sh script file bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev br0 And then configure the bridge interface in etc openvpn bridge bin bash Create global variables Define Bridge Interface br br0 Define list of TAP interfaces to be bridged for example tap tap0 tapl tap2 tap tap0 Define physical ethernet interface to be bridged with TAP interface s above eth ethl eth_ip 192 168 8 174 eth_netmask 255 255 255 0 eth_broadcast 192 168 8 255 Start the bridge script file to configure the bridge interface etc openvpn bridge restart ATTENTION Select cipher and authentication algorithms by specifying cipher and auth To see which algorithms are available type openvpn show ciphers openvpn show auths 8 Start bo
7. 14 Compression method of 7z format in 7 Zip program m4 1 4 11 1 a macro processing language make 3 81 5 The GNU version of the make utility makedev 2 3 1 88 creates device files in dev man db 2 5 2 4 on line manual pager manpages 3 05 1 Manual pages about using a GNU Linux system A 11 DA 685 Linux Software Components mawk 1 3 3 11 1 a pattern scanning and text processing language menu 2 1 41 generates programs menu for all menu aware applications menu xdg 0 3 freedesktop org menu compliant window manager scripts mime support 3 44 1 MIME files mime types amp mailcap and support programs minicom 2 3 1 friendly menu driven serial communication program mktemp 1 5 9 tool for creating temporary files mlocate 0 21 1 1 quickly find files on the filesystem based on their name modconf 0 3 9 Device Driver Configuration module init tools 3 4 1 tools for managing Linux kernel modules mount 2 13 1 1 1 Tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems mutt 1 5 18 6 text based mailreader supporting MIME GPG PGP and threading myspell en us 1 2 4 0 3 English american dictionary for myspell mysql common 5 0 51a 24 lenny4 MySQL database common files ncurses base ncurses bin 5 7 20081213 1 5 7 20081213 1 basic terminal type definitions terminal related programs and man pages ncurses term 5 7 20081213 1 additional terminal type definitions
8. After executing the command you should be able to see all of the network interfaces that are UP pppO should be one of them and you should recognize the first IP address as your own and the P t P address point to point address the address of your server The output is similar to the following Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Beast 27 250 0255 205 Mask 255 0200 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 2000 Metric 1 RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 pppO Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 192 76 32 3 P t P 129 67 1 165 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 Now type ping z z z z where z z z z is the address of your name server The output is similar to the following MOXA ping 129 67 1 165 PING 129 67 1 165 129 67 1 165 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp seq 0 ttl1 225 time 268 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp seq 1 ttl 225 time 247 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp seq 2 ttl1 225 time 266 ms C eee L2 61 1 165 ping Statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 0 packet loss round trip min avgq max 247 260 268 ms Try typing netstat nr This should show three routes similar to the following 3 16 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Kernel routing table Destination GatewayGenmask Flags Metric iface 129 67 1 T65 0 0 0 0 2255
9. Provide limited super user privileges to specific users system tools backends 2 6 0 2lenny4 System Tools to manage computer configuration scripts Sysv rc 2 86 ds1 61 System V like runlevel change mechanism sysvinit 2 86 ds1 61 System V like init utilities sysvinit utils 2 86 ds1 61 System V like utilities tar 1 20 1 lenny1 GNU version of the tar archiving utility tasksel 2 78 Tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian systems tasksel data 2 78 Official tasks used for installation of Debian systems tcpd 7 6 q 16 Wietse Venema s TCP wrapper utilities tcpdump 3 9 8 4 A powerful tool for network monitoring and data acquisition telnet 0 17 36 The telnet client telnetd 0 17 36 The telnet server tftpd 0 17 16 Trivial file transfer protocol server time 1 7 23 The GNU time program for measuring cpu resource usage traceroute 2 0 11 2 Traces the route taken by packets over an IPv4 IPv6 network ttf dejavu 2 25 3 Metapackage to pull in ttf dejavu core and ttf dejavu extra ttf dejavu core 2 25 3 Vera font family derivate with additional characters ttf dejavu extra 2 25 3 Vera font family derivate with tzdata 20100 Olenny1 additional characters time zone and daylight saving time data A 14 DA 685 Linux Software Components ucf 3 0016 Update Configuration File preserve user changes to config fil udev 0 125 7 lenny3 dev and hotplug management dae
10. client library librarianO 0 8 1 1 Rarian is a documentation meta data library library package libraw1394 8 1 3 0 4 library for direct access to IEEE 1394 bus aka FireWire libreadline5 5 2 3 1 GNU readline and history libraries run time libraries librpcsecgss3 0 18 1 allows secure rpc communication using the rpcsec gss protocol libsasl2 2 2 1 22 dfsg1 23 lenny1l Cyrus SASL authentication abstraction library libscrollkeeperO 0 3 14 16 Library to load omf files runtime files libselinux1 2 0 65 5 SELinux shared libraries libsensors3 1 2 10 7 1 library to read temperature voltage fan sensors libsepoli 2 0 30 2 Security Enhanced Linux policy library for changing policy bin libshout3 2 2 2 5 MP3 Ogg Vorbis broadcast streaming library libsigc 2 0 Oc2a 2 0 18 2 type safe Signal Framework for C runtime libslang2 2 1 3 3 The S Lang programming library runtime version libsmbclient 2 3 2 5 4lenny13 shared library that allows applications to talk to SMB CIFS se libsmbios bin 2 0 3 dfsg 1 Provide access to SM BIOS information utility binaries libsmbios2 2 0 3 dfsg 1 Provide access to SM BIOS information dynamic library libsnmp base 5 4 1 dfsg 12 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol MIBs and documentati libsnmp15 5 4 1 dfsg 12 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol library libsoup2 4 1 2 4 1 2 an HTTP library implementation in C Shared lib
11. enses 2 11 3 Managing Communications eeeseeieeeieesesessesesenauuununuuuu nana uasus uu sasus uasa suck sa suu sa suus as uana suus 3 1 Detecting Network Interfaces eere rene ae ERREUR RERRER UR ERR AORERRMRRRRRRERDRERRIRRRRRRDRERPRRRRE 3 2 GChanging the Network Settings roi prenne nu ayer e ERE DRE E DEP RRPADR S RIR IRR PARA RR DUE E RAD 3 2 Changing the interfaces Configuration File essessssesessennenneneeemenen nemen nennen nennen nennen 3 2 Adjusting IP Addresses with ifconfig sssessssssssrsrsrssrrrnrtrntuntttnttntt tn tun ttrt nemen nemen nene nere nnne nenne 3 3 i elnet ETP SerVel sos eiu draco tet x Ri danced ERI RR P DAP De cR D DRIN Beck A abt eckeeabheatt bce E RI ERRAT Mn AT 3 3 DNS 2 Cie ppc Ent M nn T 3 4 Apache Web SetVer eren iate teris duce est Toy aa RE vata bM UR EAR aar A rA a A AA ANA NR IR RR in a reri ARAR 3 6 Default HOMEPAGE ces nere REPRE ERE ERE EREMO ER ERE cabana es 3 6 Disabling the COI FUNCION iiir no rar renim eal ete edad sade ced ene gece n S EEEL E E 3 6 Saving Web Pages to a USB Storage DeVICE eee te eee eee eee hehehe nenne nennen 3 7 IPTAB ES 55 vere ei vet vere nma tun Ere Uri M E SET NER AN MISERE ONE EE COR D te FEWER Ue vaiuv me a e e atus e e 3 9 IPTABEES FHieraFchy o coerente corns sot we ere ee Meee Sone E necem Te Te ce casa QR P RU URN MUR TM RUINIS DR ATEAN 3 10 IPTABLES MOGdUIGS oct rr ERR RR EE E ERE EM REMRDRRMERE ERE ERE ERRARE EARS AEUR ARE 3 10
12. er pee EAT 3 22 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different SUDNEtS cece eee e eee eee e eee eee eee eaten ea eeee 3 22 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on the Same Subnet cceeeeeeeeee eect e eee eee eee eee eee e eae eee eee 3 25 Routed IP ine rite i iinet a iets eevee ei ahhh hahha 3 26 4 Programmer Guide ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseseeeeseseeeeeeseueesuseueusaseeeusaseususasaususaseueusasaueuseuaueuseusueanes 4 1 RTC Real Mime GlOCK LET 4 2 DM Ic D DEEP ES 4 2 WDIT CWatcli Dognlirieb uv soie bea inp prr eho Ea anata habe oe beennse ARI TRIN NRI DRERRRR SNNT RERRRRRRRRERRRRRRRRRTRDRERRSPRRRS D RR EM RE 4 2 Programmable LEDS vireton nr rx ee ankapa EROR E REEL R ER ER ERE REPRE EORR RR DRE RENE ERE RRRRDRDRERREYRRRRR IDERRERRRER RR ANA RR RAF GRRR M 4 4 5 System RecCcoOVery ieseseseseseseneneuehuuuhn uasa IR IR RR RR RR RR RR R RR RR GR GR GR GR RR GR RR GR GRGRSRSRSNSNERRRRARARARARRRRRRRERERESERERERSRHRHsada 5 1 R covery EnVvIEORlmernt zelo ieieiese eee ee ere eee I geo ERI RD I Tree ee eco io pe ese d eau ais e ina We ety 5 2 Recovery Procedures orm ses ass cane ian RR tonnes Seas See ahe Madris ay ERAT a pons a E a iaaa na NRI TERREA RAE Ei 5 2 Saving the System to the USB Drive ccc nemen hene hene e re e ennemi sese eae nennen ne 5 10 A Software Components essieseseeiesesesuesenuuuuuanauuuuasu uuu sas usui sau uasa ka sa sk uasa sucum sa sucum nnna
13. file name To remove the daemon remove the run file from etc rc2 d by using the following command MOXA rm f etc rc2 d S60tcps2 After you finish writing or modifying the code remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode MOXA umount Cron Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands The Cron daemon will search etc crontab for crontab files 2 9 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Cron wakes up every minute and checks each command to see if it should be run in that minute When executing commands output is mailed to the owner of the crontab or to the user named in the MAILTO environment variable in the crontab if such a user exists Modify the file etc crontab to set up your scheduled applications Crontab files have the following format mm h dom mon dow user command minute hour date month week user command 0 59 0 23 1 31 1 12 0 6 0 is Sunday For example if you want to launch a program at 8 00 every day minute hour date month dow user command is 8 i 2i root path to your program The following example demonstrates how to use Cron to update the system time and RTC time every day at 8 00 1 Write a shell script named fixtime sh and save it to home bin sh ntpdate time stdtime gov tw hwclock w exit 0 2 Change mode of fixtime sh chmod 755 fixtime sh 3 Modify etc crontab file to run fixtime sh at 8 00 every day A
14. following diagram local net Host A OpenVPN A LAN2 192 168 2 173 LAN1 192 168 2 171 LANI 192 168 8 173 LANI 192 168 8 174 LAN1 192 168 4 172 LAN2 192 168 4 174 Host B local net 2 On machine OpenVPN A modify the remote address in configuration file etc openvpn tun conf 3 point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifonnfiem 199 TEA 9 173 102 168R A 174 Next modify the routing table in script file etc openvpn tun sh bin sh value after route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 net is the subnet behind the remote peer 3 26 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 4 On machine OpenVPN B modify the remote address in configuration file etc openvpn tun conf point to the peer remote 192 168 8 173 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 4 174 192 168 2 173 And then modify the routing table in script file etc openvpn tun sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 u ESSE The first argument of parameter ifconfig is the local internal interface and the second argument is the internal interface at the remote pe
15. in 2011 06 15 13 e amp ek E3 5 Selonezilla live 1 2 8 46 i686 IG clonezilla live 1 2 8 46 i686 iso My Recent Documents Desktop My Documents My Computer My Network File name clonezilla ive 1 2 8 46 i686 i Places Files of type All Files iso zip img gz bz2 tar Z zh v DA 685 Linux System Recovery 3 Select USB Drive type select a Drive and then click OK to continue Wil Tuxboot On Line Distribution clonezilla live stable v current Pomme ty Clonezilla Homepage http clonezilla org Description Clonezilla live is a distribution used For disk backup and imaging The stable branch of Clonezilla live are based on Debian Install Notes Clonezilla live is booted and run in live mode no installation is required to use it Download Path Clonezilla Live Stable at SourceForge PreDownloaded iso x Di 2011 06 15 13 cloneaila ive 1 2 8 46 1686 is0 C Show All Drives Use with Care Save ISO file v MDS Check Type USB Drive iy Drive Fil ivi 4 The boot files will be copied to your USB drive E Tuxboot 1 Downloading Files Done 2 Extracting and Copying Files Current 3 Installing Bootloader 4 Installation Complete Reboot Extracting files please wait Archive D 2011 06 15 13 clonezilla live 1 2 8 46 i686 iso Source EFI boot bootx64 efi 694 KB Destination F EFI boot bootx64 efi Extracted 3 of 36 fi
16. ipt hashlimit ko ipt iprange ko ipt LOG ko ipt MASQUERADE ko ipt NETMAP ko ipt owner ko ipt recent ko ipt REDIRECT ko ipt REJECT ko ipt SAME ko ipt TCPMSS ko ipt tos ko ipt TOS ko ipt ttl ko ipt TTL ko ipt ULOG ko 3 10 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications The basic syntax to enable and load an IPTABLES module is as follows Ismod modprobe ip tables modprobe iptable filter modprobe iptable mangle modprobe iptable nat Use Ismod to check if the ip tables module has already been loaded in the DA 685 LX Use modprobe to insert and enable the module Use iptables iptables restore iptables save to maintain the database ATTENTION IPTABLES plays the role of packet filtering or NAT Be careful when setting up the IPTABLES rules If the rules are not correct remote hosts that connect via a LAN or PPP may be denied We recommend using the VGA console to set up the IPTABLES Click on the following links for more information about IPTABLES http www linuxguruz com iptables http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO packet filtering HOWTO html Since the IPTABLES command is very complex to illustrate the IPTABLES syntax we have divided our discussion of the various rules into three categories Observe and erase chain rules Define policy rules and Append or delete rules Observe and Erase Chain Rules Usage iptables t tables L n t tables Table to manipulate default filter exampl
17. libglibmm 2 4 1c2a 2 16 4 1 C wrapper for the GLib toolkit shared libraries libgmp3c2 2 4 2 2 dfsg 3 Multiprecision arithmetic library DA 685 Linux Software Components libgnutls26 2 4 2 6 lenny2 the GNU TLS library runtime library libgomp1 4 3 2 1 1 GCC OpenMP GOMP support library libgpg errorO 1 4 2 library for common error values and messages in GnuPG componen libgpm2 1 20 4 3 1 General Purpose Mouse shared library libgsf 1 114 1 14 8 1lenny2 Structured File Library runtime version libgsf 1 common 1 14 8 1lenny2 Structured File Library common files libgssgluei 0 1 2 mechanism switch gssapi library libgstreamer plugins base0 10 0 0 10 19 2 GStreamer libraries from the base set libgstreamer0 10 0 0 10 19 3 Core GStreamer libraries and elements libgtk2 0 common 2 12 12 1 lenny2 Common files for the GTK graphical user interface library libgtksourceview common 1 8 5 1 common files for the GTK syntax highlighting widget libgtksourceview2 0 common 2 2 2 1 common files for the GTK syntax highlighting widget libgtop2 7 2 22 3 1 gtop system monitoring library libgtop2 common 2 22 3 1 common files for the gtop system monitoring library libhal storage1 0 5 11 8 Hardware Abstraction Layer shared library for storage device libhali 0 5 11 8 Hardware Abstraction Layer shared library libhtml format perl 2 04 2 format H
18. libusb 0 1 4 2 0 1 12 13 userspace USB programming library libuuid perl 0 02 3 b1 Perl extension for using UUID interfaces as defined in e2fspro libuuid1 1 41 3 1 universally unique id library libvisual 0 4 0 0 4 0 2 1 Audio visualization framework libvoikko1 1 7 2 Finnish spell checker and hyphenator library libvolume idO 0 125 7 lenny3 libvolume id shared library libvorbisOa 1 2 0 dfsg 3 1 lenny1 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec libvorbisenc2 1 2 0 dfsg 3 1 lenny1 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec libvorbisfile3 1 2 0 dfsg 3 1 lenny1 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec libvte common 1 0 16 14 4 Terminal emulator widget for GTK 2 0 common files libwavpack1 4 50 1 1 an audio codec lossy and lossless library libwbclientO 2 3 2 5 4lenny13 client library for interfacing with libwnck common 2 22 3 1 winbind service Window Navigator Construction Kit common files A 10 DA 685 Linux Software Components libwrapO 7 6 q 16 Wietse Venema s TCP wrappers library libwww perl 5 813 1 lenny2 WWW client server library for Perl aka LWP libx11 data 2 1 1 5 2 X11 client side library libx86 1 1 1 ds1 2 x86 real mode library libxapiani5 1 0 7 4 Search engine library libxau6 1 1 0 3 3 X11 authorisation library libxcb render utilO 0 2 1 git1 1 utility libraries for X C Binding render util lib
19. nnna A 1 1 Introduction Thank you for purchasing Moxa s DA 685 x86 ready to run embedded computer This manual introduces the software configuration and management of the DA 685 LX which runs the Linux operating system For hardware installation connector interfaces setup and upgrading the BIOS please refer to the DA 685 Hardware Manual Linux is an open scalable operating system that allows you to build a wide range of innovative small footprint devices Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the Linux computer with a GNU cross compiler and a minimum of source code modifications A typical Linux based device is designed for a specific use and is often not connected to other computers or a number of such devices connect to a centralized front end host Examples include enterprise tools such as industrial controllers communications hubs point of sale terminals and display devices which include HMIs advertisement appliances and interactive panels The following topics are covered in this chapter O Overview O Software Specifications O Software Components DA 685 Linux Introduction Overview Pre installed with Linux the DA 685 Series provides programmers with a friendly environment for developing sophisticated bug free application software at a lower cost The DA 685 s DPP T models support a wide operating temperature range of 40 to 70 C for use in harsh industrial environments Software Spe
20. ping 3 20071127 1 lenny1 Tools to test the reachability of network hosts iso codes 3 5 1 1 ISO language territory currency script codes and their tran klibc utils 1 5 12 2 small utilities built with klibc for early boot libacli 2 2 47 2 Access control list shared library libao2 0 8 8 4 Cross Platform Audio Output Library libapache2 mod php5 5 2 6 dfsg 1 1 lenny9 server side HTML embedded scripting language Apache 2 module libapm1 3 2 2 12 Library for interacting with APM driver in kernel libapri 1 2 12 5 lenny2 The Apache Portable Runtime Library libaprutil1 1 2 12 dfsg 8 lenny5 The Apache Portable Runtime Utility Library libart 2 0 2 2 3 20 2 Library of functions for 2D graphics runtime files libasound2 1 0 16 2 ALSA library libaspell15 0 60 6 1 GNU Aspell spell checker runtime library libatk1 0 0 1 22 0 1 The ATK accessibility toolkit libatk1 0 data 1 22 0 1 Common files for the ATK accessibility toolkit libattri 1 2 4 43 2 Extended attribute shared library libaudiofileO 0 2 6 7 lenny1 Open source version of SGI s audiofile library libavahi client3 0 6 23 3lenny2 Avahi client library libavahi common data 0 6 23 3lenny2 Avahi common data files libavahi common3 0 6 23 3lenny2 Avahi common library libavahi glib1 0 6 23 3lenny2 Avahi glib integration library libavc1394 0 0 5 3 1 b1 control IEEE 1394 audio video devices
21. system will reboot Acknowledgement times may be set for any application and for any timefrom 50 milliseconds to 60 seconds How the WDT works The You will need to write your own application to enable the WDT Refer to the following APIs for help writing the application WDT API Function int swtd_open void Description Open the file handle to control the software watchdog Input None Output None Return On success return a file handle Otherwise return lt O0 value Function int swtd_enable int fd unsigned long time Description Enable software watchdog And you must do swtd ack after this procedure Input fd the file handle from the swtd open return value time The time you wish to ack software watchdog periodically Note You must ack the software watchdog before timeout Otherwise the system will reboot automatically The minimal time is 50 msec the maximum time is 60 seconds The time unit is msec Output None Return On success 0 is returned Otherwise an error number is return 4 2 DA 685 Linux Programmer Guide Function int swtd disable int fd Description Disable the application to ack software watchdog And the kernel will ack it automatically Input fd the file handle from swtd open return value Output None Return On success 0 is returned Otherwise an error number is return Function int swtd get int fd int mode un
22. the LAN1 port which is named ethO If the ADSL modem is connected to LAN2 use eth1 etc 9 Type ifconfig pppO to check if the connection is OK If the connection is OK you should see the IP address of pppO Use Z ping to test the IP address pppO Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 192 706 392 2 B t E 129 01 1 165 Mask 255 255 255 9 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 10 If you want to disconnect it use the kill command to kill the pppd process 3 20 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications NFS Network File System Client The Network File System NFS is used to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive allowing fast seamless sharing of files across a network NFS allows users to develop applications for the DA 685 LX without worrying about the amount of disk space that will be available The DA 685 LX supports only NFS client protocol ATTENTION Click on the following links for more information about NFS http www ietf org rfc rfc1213 txt http www faqs org rfcs rfc1317 html The following procedures illustrate how to mount a remote NFS Server 1 Scan the NFS Server s shared directory showmount e HOST showmount Show the mount information of an NFS Server e Show the NFS Server s export list HOST IP address or DNS address 2 Establish a mount point on
23. the file in the ker s n rub install B j xoooototooototorootorooeotorooototoroeooroeooorototoroootooooorooroototorototok KOKORO KR OK COR ORK CACORE OE OK ACA EK A xoototoototoootoroooooopootororooooeoyotorororootororootopopootoroooopoopopoororor T program ot arted by Clo a S0 Skip notifying it the stem buff 7 Remove the USB drive after the computer has been powered off Step 4 Change the BIOS Settings to Boot from the Original Disk Now you will need to change the boot priority so that it can boot from the original disk As the system reboots press F2 to enter the BIOS setup menu 1 Select Boot gt Legacy gt Boot Type Order and then press Enter Make sure the hard disk has first boot priority InsydeH20 Setup Utility Rev 3 5 Bel Boot Type Order CD DVD ROH Dr ive USB Others Help Select Item Change Values Setup Defaults Exit Select Menu Select gt SubMenu Save and Exit DA 685 Linux System Recovery 2 Press F10 and then press Enter to save and exit BIOS settings Step 5 Reboot the Computer You need to wait about 5 minutes for the system to restart since the system configuration files will be initiated while booting up for the first time Do not turn off the computer or shut down the computer while the system is restarting Saving the System to the USB Drive You may also save the current system to the USB drive for system recovery in case the system crashes Before saving the sys
24. 0 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 www data 2664 00 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 root 272 2700 0 002715 ttyl 00 00 00 bash root 2 0 002 T5 9 00 00 00 flush 8 0 root 2 E 2 00 00 00 sshd root pts 0 www data 2 2664 0 0 0 0 2 8 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Setting the Run Level To set the Linux run level and execution priority of a program use the following command because the root file system is mounted in Read only mode we need to re mount it with write permission MOXA mount o remount rw Edit a shell script to execute root tcps2 release and save to tcps2 as an example cd etc rc2 d in s etc root tcps2 S60tcps2 or In s etc root tcps2 k30tcps2 MOXA cd etc rc2 d MOXA etc rc2 d MOXA etc rc2 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99showreadyled S20snmpd s55ssh S24pcmcia S99rmnologin MOXA etc rc2 d MOXA etc rc2 d ln s root tcps2 release S60tcps2 MOXA etc rc2 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99rmnologin S20snmpd S55ssh S99showreadyled S24pcmcia S60tcps2 The command SxxRUNFILE has the following meaning S Start the run file while Linux boots up xx A number between 00 99 The smaller number has a higher priority RUNFILE The script file name The command KxxRUNFILE has the following meaning K Start the run file while Linux shuts down or halts xx A number between 00 99 The smaller number has a higher priority RUNFILE The script
25. 0 to 60 seconds for the system to boot up Once the system is ready a login screen will appear on your monitor To log in type the login name and password as requested The default values are both root Login root Password root Moxa login Password Last login Wed Dec 22 19 02 16 2010 from 192 168 3 120 Tg TEE NN TE TE TEE EE JE dE dE EHE EE EHE E E EE LI HEE HEHEHE HF HEE HEHEHE E XE HEE HEE HEHE H HEE HEF LI HEE HEE HEHEHE HEHE TE HE EHEH HE F HEE HEE FE HE HF HE HF LAINE I I LI HEHEHE LIE X HH HHH FH HH H EHEH LIED I GE REDI GEI LI HEF HEEEHEEE HH H FH F TE TEE EE LI HE HE FH F HH IE HEE Ht HE LI HEE HE HE 4 LI LI HEE T4 EHEHEHE HEHHEHE HHEEHEEHEE FHHEHEHE FHRFRRERREE HEEHEE For further information check DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Connecting from a Telnet Console The DA 685 LX computer comes with six Ethernet ports named LAN1 to LAN6 The default IP addresses and netmasks of the network interfaces are as follows Default IP Address Netmask LAN 1 LAN 2 LAN 3 192 168 3 127 192 168 4 127 192 168 5 127 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 LAN 4 192 168 6 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 5 192 168 7 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 6 192 168 8 127 255 255 255 0 Before using the Telnet client you should change the IP address of your development workstation so that the network ports
26. 2 168 3 127 24 Embedded Computer LAN2 192 168 4 127 24 PC2 Linux or Windows IP Netmask 192 168 4 100 24 Gateway 192 168 4 127 NAT Area Private IP 3 13 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Enabling NAT at Bootup In most real world situations you will want to use a simple shell script to enable NAT when the DA 685 LX boots up The following script is an example 4 bin bash If you put this shell script in the home nat sh Remember to chmod 744 home nat sh Edit the rc local file to make this shell startup automatically vi etc rc local Add a line in the end of rc local home nat sh EXIF ethO This is an external interface for setting up a valid IP address EXNET 192 168 4 0 24 This is an internal network address Step 1 Insert modules 3 Here 2 dev null means the standard error messages will be dump to null device modprobe ip tables 2 dev null modprobe ip nat ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip nat irc 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack irc 2 dev null Step 2 Define variables enable routing and erase default rules PATH bin sbin usr bin usr sbin usr local bin usr local sbin export PATH echo 1 proc sys net ipv4 ip forward sbin iptables F sbin iptables X sbin iptables Z sbin iptables F t nat sbin iptables X t nat sbin iptables Z t
27. 255 255 255 UH pppO 127 0 0 0 0 50 0502 55 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129 67 12365 0 0 0 0 pppo If your output looks similar but does not have the destination 0 0 0 0 line which refers to the default route used for connections you may have run pppd without the defaultroute option At this point you can try using Telnet ftp or finger bearing in mind that you will have to use numeric IP addresses unless you have configured etc resolv conf correctly Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections Method 1 pppd dial in with pppd commands This first example applies to using a modem and requiring authorization with a username and password pppd dev ttySO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 login auth You should also add the following line to the file etc ppp pap secrets wa The first star lets everyone login The second star lets every host connect The pair of double quotation marks indicates that the file etc passwd can be used to check the password The last star is to let any IP connect The following example does not check the username and password pppd dev ttySO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 Method 2 pppd dial in with pppd script Configure a dial in script etc ppp peer dialin You usually need this if there is no PAP authentication noauth fauth login The chat script be sure to edit that file too init usr sbin chat v f etc ppp ppp ttyM0
28. 49 48 ntpdate 2510 step time server 220 130 158 52 offset 155905087 9 84256 sec MOXA MOXA hwclock w MOXA date hwclock Wed Dec 16 03 51 07 CST 2009 Wed 16 Dec 2009 03 51 07 AM CST 0 016771 seconds MOXA 2 5 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration ATTENTION Before using the NTP client utility check your IP address and network settings gateway and DNS to make sure an Internet connection is available Updating the Time Automatically This section describes how to use a shell script to update the time automatically Example shell script for updating the system time periodically bin sh ntpdate time stdtime gov tw You can use the time server s ip address or domain name directly If you use domain name you must enable the domain client on the system by updating etc resolv conf file hwclock w sleep 100 Updates every 100 seconds The min time is 100 seconds Change 100 to a larger number to update RTC less often Save the shell script using any file name For example fixtime How to run the shell script automatically when the kernel boots up Because the root file system is mounted in Read only mode we need to re mount it using writable permission mount o remount rw dev hda1 Copy the example shell script fixtime to directory etc init d and then use chmod 755 fixtime to change the shell script mode chmod 755 fixtime Next use vi editor to edit the file etc
29. 55 255 0 dev ethO To create an indirect connection to Host A from Host B you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev ethO Now ping Host B from Host A by typing ping 192 168 4 174 A successful ping indicates that you have created a VPN system that only allows authorized users from one internal network to access users at the remote site For this system all data is transmitted by UDP packets on port 5000 between OpenVPN peers 11 To shut down OpenVPN programs type the command killall TERM openvpn Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on the Same Subnet 1 Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram local net OpenVPN A LAN2 192 168 2 173 LANI 192 168 2 171 LAN1 192 168 8 173 Internet LAN1 192 168 8 174 LAN1 192 168 2 172 LAN2 192 168 2 174 Host B OpenVPN B local net 3 25 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications The configuration procedure is almost the same as for the previous example The only difference is that you will need to comment out the parameter up in etc openvpn tapO br conf of OpenVPN A and etc openvpn tapO br conf of OpenVPN B point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tap0 secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 uo etc openvon tap0 br sh Routed IP 1 Set up four machines as shown in the
30. DA 685 Linux Software Components libbeagle1 0 3 5 1 b1 library for accessing beagle using C libbind9 40 1 9 5 1 dfsg P3 1 lenny1 BIND9 Shared Library used by BIND libbind9 50 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 BIND9 Shared Library used by BIND libblkidi 1 41 3 1 block device id library libbonobo2 0 2 22 0 1 Bonobo CORBA interfaces library libbonobo2 common 2 22 0 1 Bonobo CORBA interfaces library support files libbonoboui2 common 2 22 0 1 The Bonobo UI library common files libbz2 1 0 1 0 5 1 lenny1 high quality block sorting file compressor library runtime libc6 2 7 18lenny6 GNU C Library Shared libraries libc6 dev 2 7 18lenny6 GNU C Library Development Libraries and Header Files libc6 i686 2 7 18lenny6 GNU C Library Shared libraries i686 optimized libcacaO 0 99 beta14 1 colour ASCII art library libcap1 1 1 10 14 support for getting setting POSIX 1e capabilities libcap2 2 11 2 support for getting setting POSIX 1e capabilities libcdio7 0 78 2 dfsg1 3 library to read and control CD ROM libcdparanoiaO libcomerr2 3 10 2 debian 5 1 41 3 1 audio extraction tool for sampling CDs library common error description library libcompress raw zlib perl 2 012 1lennyi low level interface to zlib compression library libcompress zlib perl 2 012 1 Perl module for creation and manipulation of gzip files libconsole 1 0 2 3
31. DA 685 Series Linux User s Manual Second Edition August 2012 www moxa com product MOXA 2012 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited DA 685 Series Linux User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice Copyright 2012 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors a
32. IB ip SNMPv2 MIB SysORID OID UDP MIB udpMIB SNMPv2 MIB SysORID OID SNMP VIEW BASED ACM MIB vacmBasicGroup 3 21 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications ATTENTION Click on the following links for more information about RFC1317 RS 232 like group and RFC 1213 MIB II http www faqs org rfcs rfc1317 html http www ietf org rfc rfc1213 txt OpenVPN OpenVPN provides two types of tunnels for users to implement VPNS Routed IP Tunnels and Bridged Ethernet Tunnels An Ethernet bridge is used to connect different Ethernet networks together The Ethernets are bundled into one bigger logical Ethernet Each Ethernet corresponds to one physical interface or port that is connected to the bridge On each OpenVPN machine you should carry out configurations in the etc openvpn directory where script files and key files reside Once established all operations will be performed in that directory Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets 1 Setup four machines as shown in the following diagram local net LAN1 192 168 2 173 LAN1 192 168 2 171 LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LAN2 192 168 8 174 LAN1 192 168 4 172 LANI 192 168 4 174 Host B local net Host A represents the machine that belongs to OpenVPN A and Host B represents the machine that belongs to OpenVPN B The two remote subnets are configured for a different range of IP addresses When this configuration is mov
33. KOKOORKOXEOOOEORKORORORORORORORKORK RKORKORKOREOKOHOXREOEOEOEOEOROREORORORORORORORORKORK OKO OKA n D i homey WARNING MARNING NG DATA IN THIS HA PAR ON S 1 N A STING DATA WILL 4 Enter y to confirm again 5 7 DA 685 Linux System Recovery T lir ing the Clonezilla i ome cal HORROR OO AOAC ROE CK KE Let me 5 Wait for the process to finish n Are you sure now JOKXOIOKOKOKOROROEOROROMOROREORKOROREORKORKOROROROROROROROREOROROROROROROROREORORORKOROROREOROREOREORKOREOROROROROK d timag OOOOH ROAR Volume M done JOKOIOREOREOROROROROIOK e to the hard disk partition s on this machine WILL BE OV LITTEN ALL E ntition s on this machine WRITTEN ALL E IOIOKOROROROROROROROROFOROROIOK you want to continue Partclone v0 2 23 http to restore i Calculating bitmap Please wait done File system Device size Space in use Free Spa Block e Used block Partclone fpartclone org e to device dev sda1 NTFS co na co hon z C 0 ct CD CD CO m co 6 Select 0 Poweroff to power off the computer STING home DATA h home DA 685 Linux System Recovery R oring the first 446 butes af MBR data i e cu ROOK Yokololelotololotototolotelotelotolototototototelotolototototototololok Now i t tition for sdat EOEOOFOROROIOFOJOFOROFOROEOROEOROLJOK OT found Maube it d n o other boot manager ex or
34. MOXA uname a Linux Moxa 2 6 32 1 SMP Thu Nov 18 13 13 04 CST 2010 i686 GNU Linux MOXA APT Installing and Removing Packages APT is the Debian tool used to install and remove packages Before installing a package you need to configure the apt source file etc apt sources list which is located in the read only partition 2 11 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Mount the root file system with write permission MOXA mount o remount rw Next configure the etc apt sources list using vi editor MOXA vi etc apt sources list deb cdrom Debian GNU Linux 5 0 2a Lenny Official i386 NETINST Binary 1 20090817 16 43 lenny main deb cdrom Debian GNU Linux 5 0 2a Lenny Official i386 NETINST Binary 1 20090817 16 43 lenny main deb http archive debian org debian lenny main deb src http archive debian org debian lenny main deb http security debian org lenny updates main contrib deb src http security debian org lenny updates main contrib deb http volatile debian org debian volatile lenny volatile main deb src http volatile debian org debian volatile lenny volatile main Update the source list after you configure it MOXA apt get update MOXA Once you indicate which package you want to install openswan for example type MOXA apt get install openswan MOXA Use one of the following commands to remove a package a For a simple package rem
35. Observe and Erase Chain Rules erret ra reper epo eara oa unn rumeur a rgo aaa SER RRRRRRRERERIRERRTRTREREIUR 3 11 Define Policy for Chain Rules onere ree rhe r rrr RR HERR HER rue ERE RD na RE te ERRRRORRRERRIKERRRR 3 12 Append or Delete NN TM 3 12 NAT Network Address Translation ccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eaeeeeaeeasneaeaaseeaeaesneaeaaeneaeoeseseeeeeeeeesaseserseeeeors 3 13 NAT Examples soos a ee OR ee DUM EE ME UL emu era 3 13 Enabling NAT at BootUp irre err Dorn PAEA AUTE LAAN TERENA npe gare e ERR RREREMPRRRRIERPRt PR ER E ERES 3 14 PPP Point to Point Protocol eir reb ne cheat ERROR RE re ERE REM EEET ERR ERE REOR ERE ERROR Seed ERR E ADXERERRRRM 3 14 Connecting to a PPP Server over a Simple Dial up Connection sseeeenn teats esate tensa eaeeees 3 15 Connecting to a PPP Server over a Hard wired Link esseeeeeseen mme nennen nnns 3 16 Checking the Connections ai a kr teste deleterietedevedetedens A 3 16 Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections ssssssesssesenene nemen nemen nene 3 17 PPPOE Sites ecc tie tet EIL PE aaea ree a a paea aaae aaa a I N 3 18 NFS Network File System Client ore rro ree reete eren aE EAN SEAI APART RD RR RIDMA 3 21 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol ssssssessseenemeneeemeee eee e nene nene nnne 3 21 OpDGnMPIN terete dct E dum oe tied evene e rx ec E recs p
36. TML syntax trees into text libhtml parser perl 3 56 1 lenny1 PostScript or RTF A collection of modules that parse HTML text documents libhtml tagset perl 3 20 2 Data tables pertaining to HTML libhtml tree perl 3 23 1 represent and create HTML syntax trees libhunspell 1 2 0 1 2 6 1 spell checker and morphological analyzer shared library libidlO 0 8 10 0 1 library for parsing CORBA IDL files libidni1 1 8 20080606 1 GNU libidn library implementation of IETF IDN specifications libiec61883 0 1 1 0 2 an partial implementation of IEC 61883 libio compress base perl 2 012 1 Base Class for IO Compress modules libio compress zlib perl 2 012 1 Perl interface to zlib libisc45 1 9 5 1 dfsg P3 1 lenny1 ISC Shared Library used by BIND libisc52 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 ISC Shared Library used by BIND libisccc40 1 9 5 1 dfsg P3 1 lenny1 Command Channel Library used by BIND libisccc50 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 Command Channel Library used by BIND libisccfg40 1 9 5 1 dfsg P3 1 lenny1 Config File Handling Library used by BIND DA 685 Linux Software Components libisccfg50 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 Config File Handling Library used by BIND libjpeg62 6b 14 The Independent JPEG Group s JPEG runtime library libkeyutils1 1 2 9 Linux Key Management Utilities library libklibc 1 5 12 2 minimal libc subset for use with initram
37. ace lo inet loopback The primary network interface auto etho iface ethO inet static address 192 168 3 127 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 353 255 auto ethl iface ethl inet static address 192 168 4 127 netmask 255 255 255 0 Dynamic IP Address using DHCP To configure one or both LAN ports to request an IP address dynamically replace static with dhcp and then delete the rest of the lines The primary network interface auto ethO iface eth0 inet dhcp After modifying the boot settings of the LAN interface issue the following command to activate the LAN settings immediately etc init d networking restart MOXA etc init d networking restart Adjusting IP Addresses with ifconfig IP settings can be adjusted during run time but the new settings will not be saved to the flash ROM without modifying the file etc network interfaces For example type the command ifconfig ethO 192 168 1 1 to change the IP address of LAN1 to 192 168 1 1 MOXA ifconfig ethO 192 168 1 1 MOXA Telnet FTP Server In addition to supporting Telnet client server and FTP client server the DA 685 LX also supports SSH and sftp client server To enable or disable the Telnet ftp server you need to edit the file etc inetd conf 1 Mount the root file system with write permission MOXA mount o remount rw DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 2 Type cd etc to change the directory MOXA
38. address REDIRECT a special form of DNAT that re sends packets to a local host independent of the destination IP address Mangle Table includes two chains PREROUTING chain pre processes packets before the routing process OUTPUT chain processes packets after the routing process Mangle tables can have one of three extensions TTL MARK TOS 3 9 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications IPTABLES Hierarchy The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy Mangle Table NAT Table Mangle Table Filter Table Mangle Table Filter Table Mangle Table Mangle Table NAT Table Filter Table NAT Table IPTABLES Modules DA 685 LX supports the following sub modules Be sure to use the module that matches your application arptable filter ko arp tables ko arpt mangle ko ip conntrack amanda ko ip conntrack ftp ko ip conntrack h323 ko ip conntrack irc ko ip conntrack ko ip conntrack netbios ns ip conntrack netlink ko ip conntrack pptp ko ip conntrack proto sctp ko ko ip conntrack sip ko ip conntrack tftp ko ip nat amanda ko ip nat ftp ko ip nat h323 ko ip nat irc ko ip nat ko ip nat pptp ko ip nat sip ko ip nat snmp basic ko ip nat tftp ko ip queue ko iptable filter ko iptable mangle ko iptable nat ko iptable raw ko ip tables ko ipt addrtype ko ipt ah ko ipt CLUSTERIP ko ipt dscp ko ipt DSCP ko ipt ecn ko ipt ECN ko
39. anaging Communications 4 Re configure the hostname MOXA etc init d hostname sh start 5 Check the new hostname MOXA f hostname etc resolv conf This is the most important file that you need to edit when using DNS For example before you using ntpdate time stdtime gov tw to update the system time you will need to add the DNS server address to the file Ask your network administrator which DNS server address you should use The DNS server s IP address is specified with the nameserver command For example add the following line to etc resolv conf assuming the DNS server s IP address is 168 95 1 1 nameserver 168 95 1 1 MOXA etc cat resolv conf resolv conf This file is the resolver configuration file See resolver 5 nameserver 192 168 1 16 nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 140 115 1 31 nameserver 140 115 236 10 etc nsswitch conf This file defines the sequence of files etc hosts or etc resolv conf to be read to resolve the IP address The hosts line in etc nsswitch conf means use etc host first and DNS service to resolve the address etc nsswitch conf Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality If you have the glibc doc reference and info packages installed try info libc Name Service Switch for information about this file passwd compat group compat shadow compat hosts files dns networks files protocols fi
40. are on the same subnet as the IP address for the LAN port that you connect to For example if you connect to LAN 1 you could set your PC s IP address to 192 168 3 126 and the netmask to 255 255 255 0 If you connect to LAN 2 you can set your PC s IP address to 192 168 4 126 and the netmask to 255 255 255 0 Use a crossover Ethernet cable to connect your development workstation directly to the target computer or use a straight through Ethernet cable to connect the computer to a LAN hub or switch Next use a Telnet client on your development workstation to connect to the target computer After a connection has been established type the login name and password as requested to log on to the computer The default values are both root Login root Password root c Telnet 192 168 30 128 Moxa Embedded Linux Professional Edition Moxa login root Password Last login Thu Apr 16 16 43 66 2668 from 192 168 386 126 on pts Hatt Hitt Hitt THEHEHHHt THE HHH Hitt HHH Hitt Hitt HHH HHH HHHH Hit Ht HHHH H HH HHH Hitt HH HH H HH HHH HH HH HHH HH HH HH Hit tt tH do HH HH HH tt HH HH HHH Hitt HHH tt tit Hit HHH HH HHH Hitt Hit HHH HHH Hit HHH HH Hit Hit Hit Hitt Hit Hit Hit HHH HH HH HH H HHH i HH HHHHHH HO HHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHH HHHHHH iit HHHH HHHH tiit dit Lid HH HHH HHHH HHH HH HH HH HHHH Ht HHHH Ho HHH HHHHHHH For further information check http www moxa com Mount user file
41. c 1 1 24 2 XSLT command line processor zlibig 1 1 2 3 3 dfsg 12 compression library runtime A 15
42. cd etc 3 Type vi inetd conf to edit the configuration file MOXA etc vi inetd conf Enabling the Telnet TFTP Server The following example shows the default content of the file etc inetd conf The default is to enable the Telnet tftp server telnet stream tcp nowait telnetd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in telnetd tftp dgram udp wait nobody usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in tftpd srv tftp Disabling the Telnet TFTP Server Disable the daemon by typing in front of the first character of the row to comment out the line For example to disable the TFTP server use the following commands telnet stream tcp nowait telnetd usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in telnetd tfitp dgram udp wait nobody usr sbin tcpd usr sbin in tftpd srv tfto After you finish writing or modifying the code remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode MOXA umount DNS Client The DA 685 LX supports DNS client but not DNS server To set up DNS client you need to edit three configuration files etc hostname etc resolv conf and etc nsswitch conf etc hostname 1 Mount the root file system with write permission MOXA mount o remount rw 2 Edit etc hostname MOXA vi etc hostname MOXA 3 After you finish writing or modifying the code remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode MOXA umount 3 4 DA 685 Linux M
43. chat Set up routing to go through this PPP link defaultroute Default modem you better replace this with dev ttySx dev ttyMO Speed 115200 Keep modem up even if connection fails persist crtscts modem 3 17 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Configure the chat script etc ppp ppp ttyMO chat Auto Answer ON n ATSO 1 Start the pppd dial in service pppd call dialin ATTENTION If you hope to have auto dial in service you can respawn the dial in service in etc inittab MOXA mount o remount rw dev hdal MOXA echo p0 2345 respawn pppd call dialin gt gt etc inittab MOXA umount PPPoE The following procedure is for setting up PPPoE Connect the DA 685 LX s LAN port to an ADSL modem with a cross over cable HUB or switch Log in to the DA 685 LX s as the root user 3 Edit the file etc ppp chap secrets and add the following username hinet net password Secrets for authentication using CHAP client Server secret IP addresses PPPOE example if you want to use it you need to unmark it and modify it username hinet net password username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 3 18 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 4 Edit the file etc ppp pap secrets and add the following username hinet net
44. cifications The Linux operating system pre installed on the DA 685 embedded computer is the Debian Lenny 5 0 distribution The Debian project is a worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating system distribution that composed entirely of free software The Debian GNU Linux follows the standard Linux architecture making it easy to use programs that meet the POSIX standard Program porting is possible with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa In addition to Standard POSIX APIs device drivers for Moxa UART and other special peripherals are also included The following is a software architecture example AP API I Protocol Stack Linux Device Driver Kernel i Micro Kernel Memory Control Schedule Process Hardware ATTENTION Refer to http www debian org and http www gnu org for information and documentation of the Debian GNU Linux and free software concept ATTENTION The above software architecture is only an example Different models or different build revisions of the Linux operating system may include components not shown in the above graphic Software Components The DA 685 LX pre installed Debian Lenny 5 0 Linux distribution For the software components see Appendix A 1 2 2 Software Configuration In this chapter we explain how to operate a DA 685 LX computer directly or your desktop There are three ways to connect to the DA 685 LX computer through VGA monitor by using Telnet ov
45. dbs 65 1 Shared libraries for Linux console and font manipulation libcpufreqO 004 2 shared library to deal with the cpufreq Linux kernel feature libcroco3 0 6 1 2 a generic Cascading Style Sheet CSS parsing and manipulation libcuculO 0 99 beta14 1 low level Unicode character drawing library libcups2 1 3 8 1 lenny8 Common UNIX Printing System tm libs libcwidget3 0 5 12 4 high level terminal interface library for C runtime files libdatrieO 0 1 3 2 Double array trie library libdb4 5 4 5 20 13 Berkeley v4 5 Database Libraries runtime libdb4 6 4 6 21 11 Berkeley v4 6 Database Libraries runtime libdbus 1 3 1 2 1 5 lennyi simple interprocess messaging system libdbus glib 1 2 0 76 1 simple interprocess messaging system GLib based shared librar libdevmapper1 02 1 2 1 02 27 4 The Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library DA 685 Linux Software Components libdirectfb 1 0 0 1 0 1 11 direct frame buffer graphics shared libraries libdns45 1 9 5 1 dfsg P3 1 lenny1 DNS Shared Library used by BIND libdns55 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 DNS Shared Library used by BIND libdrm2 2 3 1 2 Userspace interface to kernel DRM services runtime libdv4 1 0 0 1 bi software library for DV format digital video runtime lib libedit2 2 11 20080614 1 BSD editline and history libraries libeel2 data 2 20 0 7 Eazel Extensions Library data f
46. dd the following line to the end of crontab 8 root home fixtime sh Inserting a USB Storage Device into the Computer Since mounting USB storage devices manually can be difficult a Debian package named usbmount to mount the USB drivers automatically usbmount relies on udev to mount USB storage devices automatically at certain mount points The USB storage devices will be mounted on media usbO media usb1 etc MOXA mount dev hdal on type ext2 rw errors remount ro tmpfs on lib init rw type tmpfs rw nosuid mode 0755 proc on proc type proc rw noexec nosuid nodev sysfs on sys type sysfs rw noexec nosuid nodev procbususb on proc bus usb type usbfs rw udev on dev type tmpfs rw mode 0755 tmpfs on dev shm type tmpfs rw nosuid nodev devpts on dev pts type devpts rw noexec nosuid gid 5 mode 620 dev hdb2 on home type ext2 rw nfsd on proc fs nfsd type nfsd rw rpc pipefs on var lib nfs rpc pipefs type rpc pipefs rw dev sdal on media usb0 type vfat rw noexec nodev sync noatime gid 25 dmask 0007 fmask 0117 dev sdbl on media usbl type vfat rw noexec nodev svnc noatime did 25 dmask 0007 fmask 0117 2 10 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Note that usbmount is a light weight solution on text mode and does not fully support gnome desktop environment For better supportability you can install gnome volume manager instead of usbmount MOXA mount o remount rw
47. der deny allow Allow from all lt Directory gt MOXA etc vi etc apache2 sites available default OCriptAlias cgi bin var www apache2 detault cgi bin lt Directory var www apache2 default cgi bin AllowOverride None Options ExecCGI MultiViews SymLinksIFOwnerMatch Order allow deny Order deny allow Allow from all 3 6 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 3 After you finish writing or modifying the code remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode MOXA umount 4 Re start the apache server MOXA etc init d apache2 restart ATTENTION When you develop your own CGI application make sure your CGI file is executable Saving Web Pages to a USB Storage Device Some applications may have web pages that take up a lot of storage space This section describes how to save web pages to the USB mass storage device and then configure the Apache web server s DocumentRoot to open these pages The files used in this example can be downloaded from Moxa s website 1 Prepare the web pages and then save the pages to the USB storage device Click on the following link to download the web page test suite http www w3 org MarkUp Test HTML401 zip 2 Uncompress the zip file to your desktop PC and then use FTP to transfer it to the DA 685 LX s media usb0 www directory 3 Mount the root file system with write permission MOXA mount o remount rw dev hda
48. directory the quality is unknown you haue been war 7 479098 aufs Z 1 standalone tree 38 rcN 20110228 7 6102281 loop module loaded 7 905144 squashfs version 4 0 2009 01 31 Phillip Lougher Begin Running scripts live realpremount done Begin Mounting live image live filesystem squashfs on filesystem squashfs uia deu loop0 done Running scripts live bottom Begin mfiguring fstab done Begin Preconfiguring networking done Begin Loading preseed file done Begin Running scripts init bottom done INIT version 2 88 booting sing makefile style concurrent boot in runlevel S 5 10 DA 685 Linux System Recovery 3 Enter y to continue etti the TERM linux OOOO OOK AKOIOK ooo ORO OF olume found hutting down the av 1ce Kootoooppootorotoootoeooeooorotoootok AF OKOKER AO AOR RR RRR OO EO AOR The follo jartition x ARDD In_ BO Jolotok partition table HOR HHO HOOK OK AJokootokotoeotoooror 147 k B copied 0 0 6S xototoooootoeototeok Jokootoeopoeororok K FORO AOR AC RRA ACE d ntimag Sk T e with gzip to s lit wit Jolokotelototelotoleoteletotolor 0 0 libntfs comple 5 11 on thi machine DA 685 Linux System Recovery 5 Select 0 Poweroff so that the computer will power off when the process is finished of MBR a i utable HOOK OK OF Xopotooororok PEERKE KK tition for sda1 lume y OOOK Fo HOOK Jolololo
49. e nat or filter L chain List List all rules in selected chains If no chain is selected all chains are listed n Numeric output of addresses and ports iptables t tables FXZ F Flush the selected chain all the chains in the table if none is listed X Delete the specified user defined chain Z Set the packet and byte counters in all chains to zero Examples iptables L n In this example since we do not use the t parameter the system uses the default filter table Three chains are included INPUT OUTPUT and FORWARD INPUT chains are accepted automatically and all connections are accepted without being filtered iptables F iptables X iptables Z 3 11 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Define Policy for Chain Rules Usage iptables t tables P INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD PREROUTING OUTPUT POSTROUTING ACCEPT DROP P Set the policy for the chain to the given target INPUT For packets coming into the DA 685 LX OUTPUT For locally generated packets FORWARD For packets routed out through the DA 685 LX PREROUTING To alter packets as soon as they come in POSTROUTING To alter packets as they are about to be sent out Examples iptables P INPUT DROP iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT In this example the policy accepts outgo
50. ed to a public network the external interfaces of the OpenVPN machines should be configured for static IPs or connected to another device such as a firewall or DSL box first 2 Generate a preset shared key by typing the command openvpn genkey secret secrouter key 3 Copy the file that is generated to the OpenVPN machine scp etc openvpn secrouter key 192 168 8 174 etc openvpn ATTENTION A preshared key is located at etc openvpn secrouter key You can use it for testing purposes We suggest creating a new key for non testing purpose 3 22 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications 4 On machine OpenVPN A modify the remote address in the configuration file etc openvpn tapO br conf point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tapO port 1194 secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 5 Next modify the routing table in the etc openvpn tapO br sh script file bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev br0 And then configure the bridge interface in etc openvpn bridge bin bash Create global variables Define Bridge Interface br br0 Define list of TAP interfaces to be bridged for example tap tap0 tapl tap2 tap tapo Define physical ethernet interface to be bridged with TAP interface s above eth ethi eth_ip 192 168 8 173
51. er 5 is the argument that the OpenVPN program passes to the script file Its value is the second argument of ifconfig in the configuration file 5 Check the routing table after you run the OpenVPN programs by typing the command route Destination Gateway Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 174 tuno 192 168 4 0 192 168 4 174255 255 255 0 UG 1925168 2 0 i 255225572557 ethl 192 168 8 0 eth0 3 27 The following topics are covered in this chapter o o o g RTC Real Time Clock UART WDT Watch Dog Timer Programmable LEDs 4 Programmer Guide DA 685 Linux Programmer Guide RTC Real Time Clock The device node is located at dev rtc The DA 685 LX supports standard Linux simple RTC control You must include lt linux rtc h gt 1 Function RTC RD TIME int ioctl fd RTC RD TIME struct rtc time time Description read time information from RTC It will return the value on argument 3 2 Function RTC SET TIME int ioctl fd RTC SET TIME struct rtc time time Description set RTC time Argument 3 will be passed to RTC UART The normal tty device node is dev ttySO and det ttyS1 The DA 685 LX supports standard Linux termios control with RS 232 serial ports WDT Watch Dog Timer Introduction The WDT is a watchdog function You may enable it or disable it When the WDT function is enabled and does not receive the acknowledgement for which it is configured the
52. er the network or by using an SSH console from a Windows or Linux machine This chapter describes basic Linux operating system configurations The advanced network management and configuration will be described in the next chapter Managing Communications The following topics are covered in this chapter a g a g uudauauauou The Read only file system Starting from a VGA Console Connecting from a Telnet Console Connecting from an SSH Console Windows Users Linux Users Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually NTP Client Updating the Time Automatically Enabling and Disabling Daemons Setting the Run Level Cron Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands Inserting a USB Storage Device into the Computer Inserting a Compact Flash card Checking the Linux Version APT Installing and Removing Packages DA 685 Linux Software Configuration The Read only file system The root file system in Moxa s embedded system is mounted as read only for preventing unexpected crash If you want to make it writable temporarily please following the steps 1 make the root file system writable Moxa mount o remount rw 2 perform your operations such as apt get and disk access 3 umount it as read only Moxa umount Starting from a VGA Console Connect the display monitor to the DA 685 LX VGA connector and then power it up by connecting it to the power adaptor It takes about 3
53. ery po a Boot Type Order CD DVD ROH Dr ive Hard Disk Drive Others 1 1 F5 F6 F9 SC t Enter F10 7 Select Exit gt Exit Saving Changes and then press Enter 8 Choose Yes to save to the CMOS and then exit Step 3 Restore the system from USB drive Connect the USB disk to any of the DA 685 LX s USB ports and then reboot the computer The system will boot from the USB disk and the Pre installation Environment and the recovery utility will appear 1 Select clonezilla live restore disk clonezilla live restore disk clonezilla live lt Mentest amp FreeDOS 2 Wait for the USB drive boot process to finish 5 6 DA 685 Linux System Recovery 9 153522 sd 0 0 0 0 sda Attached SCSI disk 1637261 sd 0 sdb Attached SCSI disk 5 287941 sd Attached scsi generic sgO type 0 9 310750 sd Attached scsi generic sgi type 0 5 334915 sr 0 0 Attached scsi generic sg2 type 5 Loading essential drivers 5 690577 Atheros R L2 Ethernet Driver version 2 2 3 6924301 Copyright c 2007 Atheros Corporation 3 776770 Broadcom NetXtreme II 5771x 10Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2x 1 62 00 6 2011 01 30 5 914014 Btrfs loaded 3 955475 device mapper uevent version 1 0 3 9614071 device mapper ioctl 4 19 1 ioctl 2011 01 07 initialised dm devel redhat com Running scripts init premount done Mounting root file system 6 178946 Uniform Multi Platform E IDE driver 1861891 ide generic p
54. fs libkrb53 1 6 dfsg 4 betai 5lenny4 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries liblcms1 1 17 dfsg 1 lenny2 Color management library libldap 2 4 2 2 4 11 1 lenny2 OpenLDAP libraries liblocale gettext perl 1 05 4 Using libc functions for internationalization in Perl liblockfile1 1 08 3 NFS safe locking library includes dotlockfile program liblwres40 1 9 5 1 dfsg P3 1 lenny1 Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND liblwres5O 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND liblzo2 2 2 03 1 data compression library libmagic1 4 26 1 File type determination library using magic numbers libmailtools perl 2 03 1 Manipulate email in perl programs libmalaga7 7 12 1 An automatic language analysis library libmldbm perl 2 01 2 Store multidimensional hash structures in perl tied hashes libmozjsid 1 9 0 19 6 The Mozilla SpiderMonkey JavaScript library libmpfrildbl 2 3 1 dfsg 1 2 multiple precision floating point computation libmysglclienti5off 5 0 51a 24 lenny4 MySQL database client library libncurses5 5 71 20081213 1 shared libraries for terminal handling libncursesw5 5 7 20081213 1 shared libraries for terminal handling wide character support libnet dbus perl 0 33 6 1 b1 Extension for the DBus bindings libnet lite ftp perl 0 54 2 Perl FTP client with support for TLS libnet ssleay perl 1 35 1 Perl module for Secure Sockets Layer SSL libnet telnet perl 3 03 3 Script telnetable c
55. he code remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode MOXA umount You should be able to find the enabled daemon after you reboot the system Moxa ps ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root T 0 00 02 00 00 init 2 00 02 00 00 kthreadd 00 02 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 2 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 2 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 root root migration 0 root ksoftirqd 0 root watchdog 0 root migration 1 root ksoftirqd 1 Ox cwLO CO 0m 3A CTS root watchdog 1 root events 0 root events 1 root cpuset root khelper root netns root root 00 02 7 00 00 m 00 02 7 00 00 sync supers 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 root root bdi default rOGE kintegrityd 0 root kintegrityd 1 kblockd 0 kblockd 1 root root root kacpid root kacpi notify root kacpi hotplug root tcps2 release root ata 0 ata 1 CO XX Or 0 QV tO 1 Ow CO AO POP YO XOU OO VOT GU IO XQOA Or Oh On Sa 2 Cor Oe 762 c 00 02 00 00 async mgr p root www data 2 2664 www data 8 2664 00 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 00 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 0
56. iles for GNOME2 libenchantic2a 1 4 2 3 3 a wrapper library for various spell checker engines libeptO 0 5 22 High level library for managing Debian package information libesdO 0 2 36 3 Enlightened Sound Daemon Shared libraries libeventi 1 3e 3 An asynchronous event notification library libexempi3 2 0 1 1 library to parse XMP metadata Library libexif12 0 6 16 2 1 library to parse EXIF files libexpati 2 0 1 4 lenny3 XML parsing C library runtime library libfamO 2 7 0 13 3 lenny1 Client library to control the FAM daemon libffi5 3 0 7 1 Foreign Function Interface library runtime libflac8 1 2 1 1 2 Free Lossless Audio Codec runtime C library libfont afm perl 1 20 1 Font AFM Interface to Adobe Font Metrics files libfontconfig1 2 6 0 3 generic font configuration library runtime libfontenc1 1 1 0 4 3 X11 font encoding library libfreetype6 2 3 7 2 lenny4 FreeType 2 font engine shared library files libfreezethaw perl 0 43 4 converting Perl structures to strings and back libfs6 2 1 0 1 1 X11 Font Services library libgcic2 1 6 8 1 1 conservative garbage collector for C and C libgcci 1 4 3 2 1 1 GCC support library libgcryptii 1 4 1 1 LGPL Crypto library runtime library libgdbm3 1 8 3 3 GNU dbm database routines runtime version libglib perl 1 1 190 2 Perl interface to the GLib and GObject libraries libglib2 0 0 2 16 6 3 The GLib library of C routines libglib2 0 data 2 16 6 3 Common files for GLib library
57. ing IP Addresses with ifconfig O Telnet FTP Server DNS Client O Apache Web Server Q gt Default Homepage gt Disabling the CGI Function gt Saving Web Pages to a USB Storage Device O IPTABLES IPTABLES Hierarchy IPTABLES Modules Observe and Erase Chain Rules Define Policy for Chain Rules VV VV Y Append or Delete Rules O NAT Network Address Translation NAT Example Enabling NAT at Bootup O PPP Point to Point Protocol Connecting to a PPP Server over a Simple Dial up Connection Connecting to a PPP Server over a Hard wired Link Checking the Connection Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections PPPoE NFS Network File System Client SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol OpenVPN gaa a gt Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets gt Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on the Same Subnet gt Routed IP DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Detecting Network Interfaces Linux systems use udevd to detect new network interfaces including Ethernet interfaces and wireless interfaces The result is saved in etc udev rules d 70 persistent net rules The content is similar to the following PCI device 0x10ec 0x8168 r8168 SUBSYSTEM net ACTION add DRIVERS ATTR address 00 90 e8 00 00 20 ATTR dev_id 0x0 ATTR type 1 KERNEL eth NAME eth0 PCI device 0x10ec 0x8168 r8168 This file shows system has detected two Ether
58. ing packets and denies incoming packets Append or Delete Rules Usage iptables t table AI INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD io interface p tcp udp icmp all s IP network sport ports d IP network dport ports j ACCEPT DROP A Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain I Insert one or more rules in the selected chain as the given rule number i Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be received o Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be sent p The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check s Source address network name host name network IP address or plain IP address sport Source port number d Destination address dport Destination port number j Jump target Specifies the target of the rules i e how to handle matched packets For example ACCEPT the packet DROP the packet or LOG the packet Examples Example 1 Accept all packets from the lo interface iptables A INPUT i lo j ACCEPT Example 2 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 1 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 0 1 j ACCEPT 3 12 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Example 3 Accept TCP packets from Class C network 192 168 1 0 24 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 1 0 24 j ACCEPT Example 4 Drop TCP packets from 192 168 1 25 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 1 25 j DROP Example 5 Drop TCP packets addressed for port 21 i
59. inittab vi etc inittab Add the following line to the bottom of the file ntp 2345 respawn etc init d fixtime After you finish writing or modifying the code remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode umount Use the command init q to re initialize the kernel initq Enabling and Disabling Daemons The following daemons are enabled when the DA 685 LX boots up for the first time snmpd SNMP Agent Daemon telnetd Telnet Server Client Daemon 2 6 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration inetd Internet Daemons ftpd FTP Server Client Daemon sshd Secure Shell Server Daemon httpd Apache WWW Server Daemon Type the command ps ef to list all processes currently running Moxa ps ef UID PID PPID C STIME PTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 0002 2 00 00 init 2 00 02 00 00 kthreadd 00 02 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 72 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 root root migration 0 root ksoftirqd 0 root watchdog 0 root migration 1 root ksoftirqd 1 root watchdog 1 root events 0 root events 1 root cpuset root khelper root netns root 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 702 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 7 00 00 00 02 00 00 root m root sync_supers r
60. l 4 Type vi etc apache2 sites enabled 000 default to edit the configuration file MOXA etct vi etc apache2 sites enabled 000 default 5 Change the DocumentRoot directory to the USB storage directory media usb0 www www is the USB storage directory where you want to save web pages DA 685 Linux Managing Communications lt VirtualHost 80 gt DocumentRoot media usb0 www lt Directory gt Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None lt Directory gt ScriptAlias cgi bin media usb0 www cgi bin Directory media usb0 www cgi bin AllowOverride None Options ExecCGI MultiViews SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow deny Allow from all Directory lt VirtualHost gt lt VirtualHost 443 gt DocumentRoot media usb0 www lt Directory gt Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None lt Directory gt ScriptAlias cgi bin media usb0 www cgi bin Directory media usb0 wwwz cgi bin AllowOverride None Options ExecCGI MultiViews SymLinksIfOwnerMatch 6 Use the following commands to restart the Apache web server cd etc init d apache2 restart 7 Open your browser and connect to the DA 685 LX by typing the current LAN1 IP address in the browser s address box id After finishing modification or writing remember to execute umount to change the root directory back to Read only mode MOXA umount 9 Re start the apache server MOXA etc init d apache2 re
61. lease use probe mask 0x3f module parameter for probing all legacy ISA IDE ports 6 913744 FAT utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems filesystem will be cas gt sensitivet 0479971 aufs module is from the staging directory the quality is unknown you haue been war 0725161 aufs 2 1 standalone tree 38 rcN 20110228 Running scripts live premount done 7 213433 loop module loaded 509770 squashfs version 4 0 2009 01 31 Phillip Lougher Running scripts live realpremount done Mounting live image 1ive filesystem squashf on filesystem squashfs via deu loop0 Running scripts live botton Begin Configuring fstab done Begin Preconfiguring networking done Begin Loading preseed file done Begin Running 7scripts init bottom done INIT version 2 88 booting Using makefile style concurrent boot in runlevel S liue config hostname user setup sudo locales tzdata keyboard configuration sysuinit sysu re initran fs tools util linux login openssh seruer _ 3 Enter y to continue the restore process nau KORKOREOKOEOROROREOKOREORORKOROROREOEOROREORORKOREOROEOREOKOEOEOREOREORKOEOREOKOREOROREOEOKOREOROROREOROROREORKOEORORORORKORORK Clonezilla image dir ho rt imag KOKORO ARCA OR ARCO RAO ACO ACR OO RAO RO AOR AE isne oun the L al Volume gen ROOROKCOKOIOK COICO OKO AIC OK OK A CHOK ACK OKO ARCHOK OKO ACHOK ACK OKA ct ing the partition info in proc done
62. les 5 When finished click Exit to stop the program Wil Tuxboot 1 Downloading Files Done 2 Extracting and Copying Files Done 3 Installing Bootloader Done 4 Installation Complete Reboot Current After rebooting select the USB boot option in the BIOS boot menu Reboot now Reboot Now DA 685 Linux System Recovery 6 Manually copy the os image directory from the recovery DA 685 LX CloneZilla folder on the Software CD to home partimag on the USB drive e partimag File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q Back 7 J2 Search i Folders Ez Address B F home partimag ra File and Folder Tasks CJ 08 ji QJ Make a new folder Ps Publish this Folder to the Web E3 Share this folder IL Other Places ic heme L My Documents Shared Documents ig My Computer amp My Network Places D 5 4 DA 685 Linux System Recovery Step 2 Change the BIOS Settings You will need to change the BIOS settings to boot from the USB disk 1 Insert the USB disk 2 Power on and press F2 to enter the bios setup menu 3 Select Boot Legacy and then press Enter 4 From the setup menu use f or to select the Boot Type Order Hard Disk Drive 5 Press to move the selection up to the first priority and press Esc to exit the setup menu 6 Make sure the first boot device is USB If not press Enter to change it 5 5 DA 685 Linux System Recov
63. les services files ethers files rpe files netgroup DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Apache Web Server Default Homepage The Apache web server s main configuration file is etc apache2 sites enabled 000 default with the default homepage located at var www apache2 default index html Save your own homepage to the following directory var www apache2 default Save your CGI page to the following directory var www apache2 default cgi bin Before you modify the homepage use a browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox from your PC to test if the Apache web server is working Type the LAN1 IP address in the browser s address box to open the homepage For example if the default IP address 192 168 3 127 is still active type http 192 168 3 127 To test the default CGI page type http 192 168 3 127 cgi bin w3mmail cgi Disabling the CGI Function The CGI function is enabled by default If you want to disable the function modify the file etc apache2 sites enabled 000 default 1 Mount the root file system with write permission MOXA mount o remount rw 2 Type vi etc apache2 sites enabled 000 default to edit the configuration file Comment on the following lines ScriptAlias cgi bin var www apache2 default cgi bin lt Directory var www apache2 default cgi bin gt AllowOverride None Options ExecCGI MultiViews SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow deny Or
64. library python minimal 2 5 2 3 A minimal subset of the Python language default version python numeric 24 2 9 Numerical matrix oriented Mathematics for Python python pyorbit 2 14 3 2 A Python language binding for the ORBit2 CORBA implementation python soappy 0 12 0 4 SOAP Support for Python python support 0 8 4lenny2 automated rebuilding support for Python modules python2 5 python2 5 minimal 2 5 2 15 lenny1 2 5 2 15 lenny1 An interactive high level object oriented language version 2 A minimal subset of the Python language version 2 5 A 13 DA 685 Linux Software Components radeontool 1 5 5 utility to control ATI Radeon backlight functions on laptops readline common 5 2 3 1 GNU readline and history libraries common files rsyslog 3 18 6 4 enhanced multi threaded syslogd scrollkeeper 0 3 14 16 A free electronic cataloging system for documentation sed 4 1 5 6 The GNU sed stream editor sgml base 1 26 SGML infrastructure and SGML catalog file support sgml data 2 0 3 common SGML and XML data shared mime info 0 30 2 FreeDesktop org shared MIME database and spec snmp 5 4 1 dfsg 12 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol applications snmpd 5 4 1 dfsg 12 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol agents ssh 1 5 1p1 5 secure shell client and server metapackage ssl cert 1 0 23 simple debconf wrapper for OpenSSL sudo 1 6 9p17 3
65. mon update inetd 4 31 inetd configuration file updater usbmount 0 0 14 1 automatically mount and unmount USB mass storage devices usbutils 0 73 10lenny2 Linux USB utilities util linux 2 13 1 1 1 Miscellaneous system utilities vbetool 1 0 3 run real mode video BIOS code to alter hardware state vim 1 7 1 314 3 lenny2 Vi IMproved enhanced vi editor vim common 1 7 1 314 3 lenny2 Vi IMproved Common files vim runtime 1 7 1 314 3 lenny2 Vi IMproved Runtime files vim tiny 1 7 1 314 3 lenny2 Vi IMproved enhanced vi editor compact version w3m 0 5 2 2 lenny1 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables frames support watchdog 5 4 10lenny2 A software watchdog wget 1 11 4 2 lenny2 retrieves files from the web whiptail 0 52 2 11 3 lenny1 Displays user friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts whois 4 7 30 an intelligent whois client wodim 9 1 1 9 1 command line CD DVD writing tool xml core 0 12 XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support xorg docs 1 1 4 4 Miscellaneous documentation for the X Org software suite xserver xorg core 2 1 4 2 10 lenny2 Xorg X server core server xserver xorg input wacom 0 7 9 3 2 X Org X server Wacom input driver xserver xorg video intel 2 2 3 2 2 lenny8 X Org X server Intel i8xx i9xx display driver xserver xorg video openchrome 1 0 2 902 svn579 4 X Org X server VIA display driver xsltpro
66. mputer and modem at 115200 this is a must modem Indicates that this is a modem device pppd will hang up the phone before and after making the call defaultroute Once the PPP link is established make it the default route if you have a PPP link to the Internet this is probably what you want 192 1 1 17 This is a degenerate case of a general option of the form x x x x y y y y Here x x x x is the local IP address and y y y y is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP connection If this option is not specified or if just one side is specified then x x x x defaults to the IP address associated with the local machine s hostname located in etc hosts and y y y y is determined by the remote machine 3 15 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Connecting to a PPP Server over a Hard wired Link If a username and password are not required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev tty 19200 crtscts If a username and password is required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional and root is both the username and password wwwwr pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttySO 19200 crtscts Checking the Connection Once you have set up a PPP connection there are some steps you can take to test the connection First type sbin ifconfig Depending on your distribution the command might be located elsewhere
67. n har n RR ERR RR IRR RR ER RE RR RRIRRRRDRDRE RR REPE ERR RR REN ERR 2 3 Connecting from an SSH Console rerit rni e lea ra ERR RD IR Ra EXRRIRPRPRRR RD RR RNPRP 3 G3 2g 4 39s 2 4 WindoWS SeES 222 7 vests E VEL NADA p e ves cE PI IM Ce P E T RR RAERRRE 2 4 ipte pcc EID E ES 2 4 Adjusting the System Time eerie pr rrr RI MRPURIRARRIRURARRTRRRRRRIRSRARRRRRRRRRRRERRRRRRRRRRRPRRRRRRM ER RRDRPRTIRIIAS 2 4 Setting the Time Manually eriari ere rn rr HERR PR RO HERMES EREREERREREREREREEERERIRIRERR RE RERERA 2 5 NP Client zii ener emeret ner errs ere nnne e ere rue E RR DER ER RRPRDRDRERRPRRRNPRPP ERR RS RP RR DA AR Ra a a ERR DR TRA T 2 5 Updating the Time Automatically ccccccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneseeaeneseeaeaeseeaeceseeaeaeseeeuseeeeaeseeeeanseeeeanaeees 2 6 Enabling and Disabling Daemons 2 0 nemen hene inni ne i nite enne ee senes nene nenne 2 6 Setting the R n level iiie RIP Rr Uer pU EMER RD MERE ERPEDR RE MR RRRR ERI RRMPR ERR RE PME RERITIAR 2 9 Cron Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands sssssssesseeneeenenenee nene nemen nene 2 9 Inserting a USB Storage Device into the Computer oo Hmmm meme memes nemen senes nen 2 10 Inserting a Compact Flashcard cscs cet eee rrr rrr hr RR ERR ERE ERE ER EREREM FERRE ERE RRERE ERR ERR cabs 2 11 Checkirig the Linux Versions serrer eerte entre reser ex ear pose ser eser eq uy o aea vaste M RERERYPRREPRRIRMRRERYPRERYP RP 2 11 APT Installing and Removing Packages cece Eee
68. nat sbin iptables P INPUT ACCEPT sbin iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT sbin iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT Step 3 Enable IP masquerade ehco 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip_forward modprobe ipt MASQUERADE Ziptables t nat A POSTROUTING o eth0 j MASQUERADE PPP Point to Point Protocol PPP Point to Point Protocol is used to run IP Internet Protocol and other network protocols over a serial link PPP can be used for direct serial connections using a null modem cable over a Telnet link and links established using a modem over a telephone line Modem PPP access is almost identical to connecting directly to a network through the DA 685 LX Ethernet port Since PPP is a peer to peer system the DA 685 LX can also use PPP to link two networks or a local network to the Internet to create a Wide Area Network WAN 3 14 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications ATTENTION Click on the following links for more information about PPP http tldp org HOWTO PPP HOWTO index html http axion physics ubc ca ppp linux html Connecting to a PPP Server over a Simple Dial up Connection The following command is used to connect to a PPP server by modem Use this command for old ppp servers that prompt for a login name replace username with the correct name and password replace password with the correct pass
69. nd these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication Technical Support Contact Information Moxa Americas Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Tel 1 714 528 6777 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Moxa Europe Tel 49 89 3 70 03 99 0 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 www moxa com su ort Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 86 21 5258 5505 Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ue ieee ie co Lr iue e Lar neue oco dee ine unns ce deel rn uU weed eee RR RR RR RR RR RR RA RR RR REPARARE OR NEA Er RUN 1 1 OVervieWeetcerteetetecei tec A tete incu t d DI Ltd Pct nd dnd tn ros dale it dd IDIOT NUN NUN AU M NR m CURED 1 2 Software Specifications eerie p rag bs odds ERE vd du ER dv adds ed TR CER EE EE EERVIAITIMPITIRP APRI AA 1 2 Software CombpoOFiebiES 2 2 222 25 7 562 22 2 ves eae a vU exem Daa aA aoa rue nEaN a Dasani RA ERRARE EP ERRERRESRERRRTKTEIR 1 2 2 Software Configuration eeeseeieeeseeieseseesesenu uuu nana uuu sacuusasasucsasasua sas kn sa sas uasa sas uasa dusk us asas uasa duda 2 1 Whe Read Only file syste eerte rcnt hee levis vo xe ee o E Ee steleeaietinriev ave veveuunenesineyeueiien sests uet dau 2 2 Starting from a VGA CONSO Ea sinere rere nere Ferrer erem es ea ka seat er eee Y rae ERE ERERPRRRERRPRRIRERPRRRRPMRRRERPIRPRPEPURPRETE 2 2 Connecting from a Telnet Console eere rhon h ar
70. net interfaces now ATTENTION When replacing or connecting a network interface the system may keep the old record in etc udev rules d 70 persistent net rules and that cause network interfaces are detected abnormally To solve this problem clear the file etc udev rules d 70 persistent net rules and reboot the system Changing the Network Settings The DA 685 LX computer has six 10 100 1000 Ethernet ports named LAN1 to LAN6 The default IP addresses and netmasks of the network interfaces are as follows Default IP Address Netmask LAN 1 192 168 3 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 2 192 168 4 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 3 192 168 5 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 4 192 168 6 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 5 192 168 7 127 255 255 255 0 LAN 6 192 168 8 127 255 255 255 0 These network settings can be modified by changing the interfaces configuration file or they can be adjusted temporarily with the ifconfig command Changing the interfaces Configuration File 1 Type cd etc network to change directory MOXA cd etc network 2 Type vi interfaces to edit the network configuration file with vi editor You can configure the DA 685 LX s Ethernet ports for static or dynamic DHCP IP addresses MOXA etc network vi interfaces Static IP Address As shown in the example shown below the default static IP addresses can be modified 3 2 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications The loopback network interface auto lo if
71. onnections libnewt0 52 0 52 2 11 3 lenny1 Not Erik s Windowing Toolkit text mode windowing with slang libnfsidmap2 0 20 1 An nfs idmapping library libnspr4 O0d 4 7 1 5 NetScape Portable Runtime Library libnss3 1d 3 12 3 1 0lenny2 Network Security Service libraries liboggO 1 1 3 4 Ogg Bitstream Library liboilO 3 0 3 15 1 Library of Optimized Inner Loops liboobs 1 4 2 22 0 2 GObject based interface to system tools backends shared libr liborbit2 1 2 14 13 0 1 libraries for ORBit2 a CORBA ORB libbam modules 1 0 1 5 lennyi Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM libbam runtime 1 0 1 5 lenny1 Runtime support for the PAM library A 8 DA 685 Linux Software Components libbamOg 1 0 1 5 lennyi Pluggable Authentication Modules library libpango1 0 common 1 20 5 6 Modules and configuration files for the Pango libpcapO 8 0 9 8 5 system interface for user level packet capture libpci3 1 3 0 0 6 Linux PCI Utilities shared library libpcre3 7 6 2 1 Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library runtime files libperl5 10 5 10 0 19lenny2 Shared Perl library libpixman 1 0 0 10 0 2 pixel manipulation library for X and cairo libpkcs11 helperi 1 05 1 library that simplifies the interaction with PKCS 11 libpng12 0 1 2 27 2 lenny4 PNG library runtime libpoptO 1 14 4 lib for parsing cmdline parameters libpq5 8 3 12 0lenny1 PostgreSQL C
72. oot bdi default root kintegrityd 0 root kintegrityd 1 root kblockd 0 root kblockd 1 root kacpid root kacpi notify root kacpi hotplug root ata 0 ata 1 COR OO SOLO CO LCD CX 0690 Oe OY DOY LG Oe tO Or Ow OF OO Or 4D CDU OO COD c 00 02 00 00 async mgr p root www data 2 2664 00 03 www data www data www data 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 2664 00 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 2664 00 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 2664 00 03 00 00 00 usr sbin apache2 root 2872 2700 0 00 15 ttyl 00 00 00 bash root 2 2 50 1002 5b 62 00 00 00 flush 8 0 root 2 2536 1 00 21 00 00 00 sshd root pts 0 root 2745 0 00 21 pts 0 00 00 00 bash To run a private daemon you can edit the file rc local as follows Because the root file system is mounted in Read only mode you need to re mount it with write permission Type cd etc to change directories MOXA mount o remount rw MOXA cd etc Type vi rc local to edit the configuration file with vi editor 2 7 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration MOXA etc f vi rc loc Next add the application daemon that you want to run We use the example program tcps2 release which you can find in the CD to illustrate and configure it to run in the background bin sh Add the daemon you want to run root tcps2 release amp After you finish writing or modifying t
73. ot again and again Examples The example file watchdog c and Makefile are put at example swatchdog in CD 4 3 DA 685 Linux Programmer Guide Programmable LEDs The DA 685 provides 8 user programmable LED indicators on its front panel The following section explains how to configure these LEDs 1 The kernel module that controls the programmable LEDs is named moxa pled ko Use the Ismod command to verify the module is loaded do not include the module s file suffix ko in the search The computer should return the output below MOXA lsmod grep moxa pled moxa pled 2464 0 If the moxa pled ko module has not been loaded use the modprobe command to load it and then use the Ismod command once again to verify the module has correctly loaded as below MOXA modprobe moxa pled MOXA lsmod grep moxa pled moxa pled 2464 0 2 The 8 LEDs each are each mapped in a one to one correspondence to an 8 bit argument with the leftmost LED corresponding to the leftmost first bit and the rightmost bit corresponding to the rightmost LED A 1 indicates that an LED should be activated while a O indicates an LED should go dark To activate an LED simply echo an eight bit argument into dev pled as below MOXA echo 10000001 gt dev pled In the above example the first and the last LEDs will light up 4 4 5 System Recovery The DA 685 LX ready to run embedded computers are an embedded Linux pla
74. otools dev 20080123 1 Update infrastructure for config guess sub files base files 5lenny7 Debian base system miscellaneous files base passwd 3 5 20 Debian base system master password and group files bash 3 2 4 The GNU Bourne Again SHell bash completion 20080705 programmable completion for the bash shell bc 1 06 94 3 The GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language bind9 host 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 Version of host bundled with BIND 9 X binutils 2 18 1 cvs20080103 7 The GNU assembler linker and binary utilities bridge utils 1 4 5 Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge DA 685 Linux Software Components bsdmainutils 6 1 10 collection of more utilities from FreeBSD bsdutils 1 2 13 1 1 1 Basic utilities from 4 4BSD Lite busybox 1 1 10 2 2 Tiny utilities for small and embedded systems bzip2 1 0 5 1 lenny1 high quality block sorting file compressor utilities cdrdao 1 1 2 2 16 records CDs in Disk At Once DAO mode console common 0 7 80 basic infrastructure for text console configuration console data 2 1 07 11 keymaps fonts charset maps fallback tables for console tool console tools 1 0 2 3dbs 65 1 Linux console and font utilities coreutils 6 10 6 The GNU core utilities cpio 2 9 13lenny1 GNU cpio a program to manage archives of files cpp 4 4 3 2 2 The GNU C preprocessor cpp cpp 4 3 4 3 2 1 1 The GNU C preprocessor c
75. oval apt get remove openswan b For a complete package removal apt get remove openswan purge If the installation is complete remember to umount the root directory back to read only mode MOXA umount MOXA ATTENTION The APT cache space var cache apt is located in tmpfs If you need to install a huge package link var cache apt to USB mass storage or mount it to an NFS space to generate more free space Use df h to check how much free space is available on tmpfs 2 12 DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Moxa df h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use rootfs 1 5G 1001M 440M 70 udev 10M 748K 9 3M dev sdal 1 5G 1001M 440M 7 tmpfs 501M tmpfs 501M none 501M dev sda2 270M 130M 126M 51 ATTENTION MOXA apt get clean MOXA dev A lib init rw dev shm tmp You can free up the cache space with the command apt get clean 2 13 Mounted on home 3 Managing Communications The DA 685 LX ready to run embedded computer is a network centric platform designed to serve as a front end for data acquisition and industrial control applications This chapter describes how to configure the various communication functions supported by the Linux operating system The following topics are covered in this chapter O Detecting Network Interfaces O Changing the Network Settings Changing the interfaces Configuration File Adjust
76. password ATTENTION The definitions here can allow users to login without a password if you don t use the login option of pppd The mgetty Debian package already provides this option make sure you don t change that INBOUND connections Every regular user can use PPP and has to use passwords from etc passwd hostname n ui username hinet net password UserIDs that cannot use PPP at all Check your etc passwd and add any other accounts that should not be able to use pppd guest hostname mun master hostname nom T S S oot hostname Ma upport hostname nost tats hostname mox OUTBOUND connections username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 5 P Edit the file etc ppp options and add the following line plugin rp pppoe received Note it is not advisable to use this option with the persist option without the demand option If the active filter option is given data packets which are rejected by the specified activity filter also count as the link being idle idle lt n gt Specifies how many seconds to wait before re initiating the link after it terminates This option only has any effect if the persist or demand option is used The holdoff period is not applied if the link was terminated because it was idle holdoff lt n gt
77. ptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp dport 21 j DROP Example 6 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 24 to DA 685 LX s port 137 138 139 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 0 24 dport 137 139 j ACCEPT Example 7 Log TCP packets that visit DA 685 LX s port 25 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp dport 25 j LOG Example 8 Drop all packets from MAC address 01 02 03 04 05 06 iptables A INPUT i ethO p all m mac mac source 01 02 03 04 05 06 j DROP ATTENTION In Example 8 remember to issue the command modprobe ipt mac first to load the module ipt mac NAT Network Address Translation The NAT Network Address Translation protocol translates IP addresses used on one network into IP addresses used on a connecting network One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside network Typically the DA 685 LX connects several devices on a network and maps local inside network addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and un maps the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses ATTENTION Click on the following links for more information about NAT http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO packet filtering HOWTO html NAT Example The IP address of all packets leaving LAN1 are changed to 192 168 3 127 you will need to load the module ipt MASQUERADE IP Netmask 192 168 3 100 24 Gateway 192 168 3 127 PCI1 Linux or Windows LANI 19
78. raries e2fsprogs 1 41 3 1 ext2 ext3 ext4 file system utilities eject 2 1 5 deb1 4 ejects CDs and operates CD Changers under Linux epm3438 1 0 Moxa DIO Counter driver for V2420 LX EPM 3438 EPM 3438 T esound clients 0 2 36 3 Enlightened Sound Daemon clients esound common 0 2 36 3 Enlightened Sound Daemon Common files ethtool 6 20080913 1 display or change Ethernet device settings evolution data server common 2 22 3 1 1 lenny2 architecture independent files for Evolution Data Server fam 2 7 0 13 3 lenny1 File Alteration Monitor file 4 26 1 Determines file type using magic numbers findutils 4 4 0 2 utilities for finding files find xargs fontconfig 2 6 0 3 generic font configuration library support binaries fontconfig config 2 6 0 3 generic font configuration library configuration ftp 0 17 18 The FTP client g 4 4 3 2 2 The GNU C compiler gt 4 3 4 3 2 1 1 The GNU C compiler gcc 4 4 3 2 2 The GNU C compiler gcc 4 2 base 4 2 4 6 The GNU Compiler Collection base package gcc 4 3 4 3 2 1 1 The GNU C compiler gcc 4 3 base 4 3 2 1 1 The GNU Compiler Collection base package gconf2 common 2 22 0 1 GNOME configuration database system common files gdb 6 8 3 The GNU Debugger gedit common 2 22 3 1 lenny1 official text editor of the GNOME desktop environment support genisoimage 9 1 1 9 1 Creates ISO 9660 CD ROM filesystem images gette
79. rary libspeex1 1 2 rcl 1 The Speex codec runtime library DA 685 Linux Software Components libsglite3 0 3 5 9 6 SQLite 3 shared library libss2 1 41 3 1 command line interface parsing library libssl0 9 8 0 9 8g 15 lenny8 SSL shared libraries libstdc 6 4 3 2 1 1 The GNU Standard C Library v3 libstdc 6 4 3 dev 4 3 2 1 1 The GNU Standard C Library v3 development files libsysfs2 2 1 0 5 interface library to sysfs libtagic2a 1 5 3 TagLib Audio Meta Data Library libtalloci 1 2 0 git20080616 1 hierarchical pool based memory allocator libtasni 3 1 4 1 Manage ASN 1 structures runtime libtext charwidth perl 0 04 5 b1 get display widths of characters on the terminal libtext iconv perl 1 7 1 b1 converts between character sets in Perl libtext wrapii8n perl 0 06 6 internationalized substitute of Text Wrap libthai data 0 1 9 4 lenny1 Data files for Thai language support library libthaiO 0 1 9 4 lenny1 Thai language support library libtheoraO 1 0 beta3 1 lenny1 The Theora Video Compression Codec libtie ixhash perl 1 21 2 ordered associative arrays for Perl libtiff4 3 8 2 11 3 Tag Image File Format TIFF library libtimedate perl 1 1600 9 Time and date functions for Perl libtrackerclientO 0 6 6 2 metadata database indexer and search tool library libts 0 0 0 1 0 4 touch screen library liburi perl 1 35 dfsg 1 1 Manipulates and accesses URI strings
80. ron 3 0pl1 105 management of regular background processing dbus 1 2 1 5 lenny1 simple interprocess messaging system debconf 1 5 24 Debian configuration management system debconf i18n 1 5 24 full internationalization support for debconf debian archive keyring 2010 08 28 lenny1 GnuPG archive keys of the Debian archive debian faq 4 0 4 The Debian FAQ debianutils 2 30 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian deborphan 1 7 27 program that can find unused packages e g libraries defoma 0 11 10 0 2 Debian Font Manager automatic font configuration framework desktop file utils 0 15 1 Utilities for desktop files dhcp3 client 3 1 1 6 lenny4 DHCP client dhcp3 common 3 1 1 6 lenny4 common files used by all the dhcp3 packages dialog 1 1 20080316 1 Displays user friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts dictionaries common 0 98 12 Common utilities for spelling dictionary tools diff 2 8 1 12 File comparison utilities dmidecode 2 9 1 Dump Desktop Management Interface data dnsutils 1 9 6 ESV R1 dfsg 0 lenny2 Clients provided with BIND doc base 0 8 20 utilities to manage online documentation docbook xml 4 5 6 standard XML documentation system for software and systems DA 685 Linux Software Components dpkg 1 14 29 b1 Debian package management system dvd rw tools 7 1 3 DVD RW R tools e2fslibs 1 41 3 1 ext2 filesystem lib
81. signed long time Description Get current setting values Input fd the file handle from swtd open return value lt mode gt return the status 1 enable or O disable of userspace watchdog lt time gt return the current time period Output None Return On success 0 is returned Otherwise an error number is return Function int swtd_ack int fd Description Acknowledge software watchdog When software watchdog is enabled application should execute swtd_ack periodically within user predefined time Input lt fd gt the file handle from swtd_open return value Output None Return On success 0 is returned Otherwise an error number is return Function int swtd_close int fd Description Close the file handle Input lt fd gt the file handle from swtd_open return value Output None Return On success 0 is returned Otherwise an error number is return ATTENTION When you SIGKILL or SIGTERM the application kill 9 or kill 15 or use the keyboard to terminate from the shell i e SIGINT via ctrl c then the kernel will activate an auto ack mode to signal the software watchdog If the software watchdog is activated and your application does not successfully ack then your application likely has a logical error or has dumped core In this situation the kernel can not activate the auto ack signaling mode This can cause a serious problem causing your system to rebo
82. start ATTENTION Visit the Apache website at http httpd apache org docs for more information about setting up Apache servers 3 8 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications IPTABLES IPTABLES is an administrative tool for setting up maintaining and inspecting the Linux kernel s IP packet filter rule tables Several different tables are defined with each table containing built in chains and user defined chains Each chain is a list of rules that apply to a certain type of packet Each rule specifies what to do with a matching packet A rule such as a jump to a user defined chain in the same table is called a target The DA 685 LX supports three types of IPTABLES Filter tables NAT tables and Mangle tables Filter Table includes three chains INPUT chain OUTPUT chain FORWARD chain NAT Table includes three chains PREROUTING chain transfers the destination IP address DNAT POSTROUTING chain works after the routing process and before the Ethernet device process to transfer the source IP address SNAT OUTPUT chain produces local packets Sub tables Source NAT SNAT changes the first source IP address of the packet Destination NAT DNAT changes the first destination IP address of the packet MASQUERADE a special form for SNAT If one host can connect to the Internet then the other computers that connect to this host can connect to the Internet when the computer does not have an actual IP
83. system Moxa DA 685 Linux Software Configuration Connecting from an SSH Console The DA 685 LX computer supports an SSH Console to offer users with better security over the network compared to Telnet Windows Users Click on the link http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html to download PuTTY free software to set up an SSH console for the DA 685 LX in a Windows environment The following screen shows an example of the configuration that is required i amp PuTTY Configuration Category Session Basic options for your PuTTY session Logging Terminal Keyboard ee Bell 192 1 Features Xu Ope Window OBa OTelnet CO Rlogn 9 SSH Serial Appearance Behaviour Translation Saved Sessions Selection 192 168 3 127 Colours Specify the destination you want to connect to Load save or delete a stored session Default Settings Connection 192 168 1 80 Data 192 168 30 109 cay 192 168 30 111 192 168 30 121 Rlogin 192 168 30 125 55H Serial Telnet Close window on exit A CQ Always Never Only on clean exit Linux Users From a Linux machine use the ssh command to access the V2101 LX s console utility via SSH ssh 192 168 3 127 Select yes to open the connection root bee_ notebook root ssh 192 168 3 127 The authenticity of host 192 168 3 127 192 168 3 127 can t be established RSA key fingerprint is 8b ee ff 84 41 25 0c cd 2a 2 92 8 cb 1
84. tem to the USB drive we suggest you remove all files under home partimag on the USB drive In addition change the BIOS settings to make the USB drive the first boot priority When the system has been launched take the following steps 1 Select clonezilla live save disk clonezilla live save disk 2 Wait for the USB drive boot process to finish 141941 sdb Attached SCSI disk 2572 1 sd Attached scsi generic sgO0 type 0 269691 sd Attached scsi generic sgi type 0 2806681 sr 1 0 0 0 Attached scsi generic sgZ type 5 Loading essential drivers I 5 772551 fitheros R L2 Ethernet Driver version 2 2 3 774561 Copyright c 2007 Atheros Corporation 5 863196 Broadcom NetXtreme II 5771x 10Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2x 1 62 00 6 2011 01 30 0059321 Btrfs loaded 6 054095 deu er uevent version 1 0 3 059737 device er ioctl 4 19 1 ioctl 2011 01 07 initialised dm deuel redhat com Running scripts init premount done Mounting root file system 6 289382 Uniform Multi Platform E IDE driver 3018891 ide generic please use probe mask 0x3f module parameter for probing all legacy ISA IDE ports 6 801141 NTFS driver 2 1 30 Flags R W MODULE 6 914295 NTFS volume version 3 1 Begin Running scripts live premount done 7 331989 FAT utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems filesystem will be cas e sensitive ned 7 453369 aufs module is from the staging
85. tform This chapter describes the recovery process in the event of system instability The following topics are covered in this chapter O Recovery Environment O Recovery Procedure O Saving the System to the USB Drive DA 685 Linux System Recovery Recovery Environment The environment includes a DA 685 LX embedded computer and a bootable USB disk with the recovery programs and system image file Hardware The hardware used includes a PC a DA 685 LX computer and a USB disk with the recovery programs Note The USB disk should be at least 2GB DA 685 LX USB DISK Recovery data included Recovery Procedure Step 1 Prepare your USB drive 1 Execute tuxboot windows 23 exe from the recovery DA 685 LX CloneZilla folder on the Software CD select Pre Download and then click Wil Tuxboot On Line Distribution clonezilla_live_stable current Clonezilla Homepage http clonezilla ora Description Clonezilla live is a distribution used for disk backup and imaging The stable branch of Clonezilla live are based on Debian Install Notes Clonezilla live is booted and run in live mode no installation is required to use it Download Path Clonezilla Live Stable at SourceForge Pre Downloaded 150 Ivi C Show All Drives Use with Care Save ISO file MD5 Check Type USB Drive X Drive F v OK Cancel 2 Select the ISO file in the same directory Open Disk Image File Look
86. th OpenVPN peers on machine OpenVPN A and OpenVPN B openvpn config etc openvpn tapO br conf amp If you see the line Peer Connection Initiated with 192 168 8 173 50000n each machine the connection between OpenVPN machines has been established successfully on UDP port 5000 ATTENTION You can create link symbols to start the OpenVPN service at boot time In sf etc init d openvpn etc rc2 d S160penvpn To stop the service you should create these links In sf etc init d openvpn etc rcO d K800penvpn In sf etc init d openvpn etc rc6 d K800penvpn 9 On each OpenVPN machine check the routing table by typing the command route 3 24 DA 685 Linux Managing Communications Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 5 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 0 eth2 192 168 4 0 20 0 0725572557255 bro 192 168 3 0 0 0 0 255 g eth0 192 168 30 0 20 0 0 255 eth3 192 168 8 0 0 0 0 255 bro Interface eth1 and device tapO both connect to the bridging interface and the virtual device tun sits on top of tapO This ensures that all traffic coming to this bridge from internal networks connected to interface eth1 write to the TAP TUN device that the OpenVPN program monitors Once the OpenVPN program detects traffic on the virtual device it sends the traffic to its peer 10 To create an indirect connection to Host B from Host A you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 2
87. the NFS Client site mkdir p home nfs public 3 Mount the remote directory to a local directory mount t nfs o nolock 192 168 3 100 home public home nfs public This is where 192 168 3 100 is the example IP address of the NFS server SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol The DA 685 LX comes with the SNMP V1 Simple Network Management Protocol agent software pre installed It supports RFC 1213 MIB II The following example shows an SNMP agent responding to a query from the SNMP browser on the host site SNMP QUERY STARTED root jaredRH90 root snmpwalk v 1 c public 192 168 30 128 more RFC1213 MIB sysDescr 0 STRING Linux Moxa 2 6 32 68341 SMP Sat Dec 11 18 12 58 UTC 2010 i686 RFC1213 MIB sysObjectID 0 OID RFC1155 SMI enterprises 8691 12 2420 DISMAN EVENT MIB sysUpTimeInstance Timeticks 126176 0 21 01 RFC1213 MIB sysContact 0 STRING Jared RFC1213 MIB sysName 0 STRING Moxa RFC1213 MIB sysLocation 0 STRING F1 8 No 6 Alley 6 Lane 235 Pao Chiao Rd Shing Tien City Taipei Taiwan R O C V SNMPv2 MIB sysORLastChange 0 Timeticks 4 0 00 00 04 SNMPv2 MIB SysORID 1 OID SNMP FRAMEWORK MIB snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance SNMPv2 MIB sysORID OID SNMP MPD MIB snmpMPDCompliance SNMPv2 MIB sysSORID OID SNMP USER BASED SM MIB usmMIBCompliance SNMPv2 MIB sysORID OID SNMPv2 MIB snmpMIB SNMPv2 MIB sysSORID OID TCP MIB tcpMIB SNMPv2 MIB sysSORID OID RFC1213 M
88. tolotok und Maybe it does no kernel Yolotolotolotook XOKoOOoOOKOEOXEOIOE PEPEPEPE K xooooooor Joooooorooor ROOK OKO KKK KOKO ORK KOK HOF OOOO KK am is 5 12 A Software Components acpi support base 0 109 11 scripts for handling base ACPI events such as the power button acpid 1 0 8 1lenny2 Utilities for using ACPI power management adduser 3 110 add and remove users and groups alsa base 1 0 17 dfsg 4 ALSA driver configuration files alsa utils 1 0 16 2 ALSA utilities apache2 2 2 9 10 lenny8 Apache HTTP Server metapackage apache2 mpm prefork apache2 utils apache2 2 common 2 2 9 10 lenny8 2 2 9 10 lenny8 2 2 9 10 lenny8 Apache HTTP Server traditional non threaded model utility programs for webservers Apache HTTP Server common files app install data 2008 11 27 Application Installer Data Files apt 0 7 20 2 lenny2 Advanced front end for dpkg apt utils 0 7 20 2 lenny2 APT utility programs aptitude 0 4 11 11 1 lenny1 terminal based package manager aspell 0 60 6 1 GNU Aspell spell checker aspell en 6 0 0 5 1 English dictionary for GNU Aspell autoconf 2 61 8 automatic configure script builder autoconf2 13 2 13 59 automatic configure script builder obsolete version automake 1 1 10 1 3 A tool for generating GNU Standards compliant Makefiles automake1 4 1 1 4 p6 13 A tool for generating GNU Standards compliant Makefiles aut
89. word Note that debug crtscts and defaultroute 192 1 1 17 are optional pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT ogin username word password dev ttySO 115200 debug crtscts modem defaultroute 192 1 1 17 If the PPP server does not prompt for the username and password the command should be entered as follows Replace username with the correct username and replace password with the correct password pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT user username password password dev ttySO 115200 crtscts modem The pppd options are described below connect chat etc This option gives the command to contact the PPP server The chat program is used to dial a remote computer The entire command is enclosed in single quotes because pppd expects a one word argument for the connect option The options for chat are given below V verbose mode log what we do to syslog ww Double quotes don t wait for a prompt but instead do Note that you must include a space after the second quotation mark ATDT5551212Dial the modem and then CONNECT Wait for an answer Send a return null text followed by the usual return ogin username word password Log in with username and password Refer to the chat man page chat 8 for more information about the chat utility dev Specify the callout serial port 115200 The baud rate debug Log status in syslog crtscts Use hardware flow control between co
90. xcb renderO 1 1 1 2 X C Binding render extension libxcb xlibO 1 1 1 2 X C Binding Xlib XCB interface library libxcb1 1 1 1 2 X C Binding libxdmcp6 1 1 0 2 3 X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library libxfont1 1 1 3 3 1 X11 font rasterisation library libxml parser perl 2 36 1 1 b1 Perl module for parsing XML files libxml twig perl 1 3 32 1 Perl module for processing huge XML documents in tree mode libxml xpath perl 1 13 6 Perl module for processing XPath libxml2 2 6 32 dfsg 5 lenny1 GNOME XML library libxml2 utils 2 6 32 dfsg 5 lenny1 XML utilities libxslt1 1 1 1 24 2 XSLT processing library runtime library linux image 2 6 26 01 Linux kernel binary image for version 2 6 26 linux image 2 6 32 2 6 32 10 00 Custom Linux kernel binary image for version 2 6 32 linux libc dev 2 6 26 25lenny1 Linux support headers for userspace development linux sound base 1 0 17 dfsg 4 base package for ALSA and OSS sound systems locales 2 7 18lenny6 GNU C Library National Language locale data support lockfile progs 0 1 11 0 1 Programs for locking and unlocking files and mailboxes login 1 4 1 1 6 lenny1 system login tools logrotate 3 7 1 5 Log rotation utility Irzsz 0 12 21 4 1 Tools for zmodem xmodem ymodem file transfer Isb base 3 2 20 Linux Standard Base 3 2 init script functionality Isof 4 78 dfsg 1 4 List open files Izma 4 43
91. xt base 0 17 4 GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system gnupg 1 4 9 3 lenny1i GNU privacy guard a free PGP replacement gpgv 1 4 9 3 lenny1 GNU privacy guard signature verification tool grep 2 5 3 dfsg 6 GNU grep egrep and fgrep groff base 1 18 1 1 21 GNU troff text formatting system base system components grub 0 97 47lenny2 GRand Unified Bootloader Legacy version grub common 1 96 20080724 16 GRand Unified Bootloader version 2 common files DA 685 Linux Software Components gstreamer0 10 alsa 0 10 19 2 GStreamer plugin for ALSA gzip 1 3 12 6 lenny1 The GNU compression utility hal 0 5 11 8 Hardware Abstraction Layer hal info 20080508 git20080601 1 Hardware Abstraction Layer fdi files hicolor icon theme 0 10 1 default fallback theme for FreeDesktop org icon themes hostname 2 95 utility to set show the host name or domain name ifenslave 2 Attach and detach slave interfaces to a bonding device ifenslave 2 6 1 1 0 10 Attach and detach slave interfaces to a bonding device ifupdown 0 6 8 nmul high level tools to configure network interfaces initramfs tools 0 920 tools for generating an initramfs initscripts 2 86 ds1 61 Scripts for initializing and shutting down the system iproute 20080725 2 networking and traffic control tools iptables 1 4 2 6 administration tools for packet filtering and NAT iputils

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