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Altus Digital Recorder

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1. 10 Remove the battery from the unit and send it to a recycling center Remove the circuit board card retainer and all the plug in circuit boards Disassemble the power supply shield by undoing all the bolts and studs Remove the GPS shield and receiver from the power supply shield Remove the power supply board and unscrew the motherboard from the base of the recorder Remove the front panel by undoing the nuts on the connectors Remove any other connectors in the case or the lid Remove the EpiSensor deck from the case then remove the sensor modules from the aluminum plate and discard them Turn the recorder over and remove the black anodized aluminum base plate from the unit Remove the stainless steel hardware from the outside of the case along with the black nylon latches that hold the cover on the unit Separate the unit into separate material types as listed below Aluminum Base plate EpiSensor deck plate and deck cover EpiSensor support columns power supply shield heat sink blocks GPS shield card retainer Stainless Steel Leveling feet front handle attachments rear hinge only on 12 channel units Nylon 66 Black latches Lexan PolyCarbonate Case and lid coated with conductive paint These separate materials can now be sent to a recycling center ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 91 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 5 Reference Technical Overview System Overview This section
2. PCMCIA PCMCIA SLOT B PCMCIA EMEA PARALLEL PORT CONTROLLER 2 CONTROL i FOR CHP e Lt I BACKPLANE CONNECTOR Power Supply Board The various power supplies and battery charging circuits for the recorder are located on the power supply board m For a 4 or 6 channel K2 and an Makalu use power supply board 109410 m Fora 12 channel K2 use power supply board 109615 01 The board used in the 12 channel K2 can supply more current and does not generate the 3 3V supply The recorder is designed to run off either an m Externally connected nominal 24 VDC charging voltage supplied by the external wide input power supply PSA option P N 109485 CE P N 109480 and generated from the local AC line or ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 111 112 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m An externally supplied 12V source such as a battery or solar charging system When running from its external power supply the recorder uses a switching regulator to produce a nominal 13 5 VDC voltage This voltage supplies power to the recorder while also charging both an internal and external battery if present The nominal voltage is temperature compensated to ensure efficient float charging of 12V sealed lead acid batteries The system provides two independent charging circuits for both the internal and external batteries Each charging circuit has a pulsed current limit circuit that protects the recorder from a shorted or
3. Table 5 Fuses and ratings Fl Littlefuse 225003 2AG 3 amp Protects wiring and PCB traces associated KMI 840507 250 V with 24V charger Littlefuse 225003 2AG 3 amp Protects wiring and PCB traces associated KMI 840507 250V with external 12V main battery Littlefuse 225001 2AG l amp Protects wiring and PCB traces associated KMI 840524 250 V with external 12V standby power source Littlefuse 225003 2AG 3 amp Protects wiring and PCB traces associated KMI 840507 250 V with internal 12V main battery Schurter 010 9760 63 1 8 amp On the Makalu ADC DSP board Protect KMI 840935 the 13 75 power lines to EpiSensors 84 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Replacing PCMCIA Cards or Hard Drives Contact Kinemetrics for a list of the current capacities and types of available storage media 1f you wish to replace or upgrade the capacity of your PCMCIA storage We will also give you a list of supported media that you can purchase yourself Kinemetrics cannot guarantee that devices will work unless we have tested them Currently Kinemetrics supplies SanDisk ATA compatible flash drives operating over the industrial temperature range in a variety of sizes Note Do not use PCMCIA hard disks in the Makalu or K2s with internal EpiSensors Their spin up and seeking will get into the ADC data or produce vibration noise in EpiSensors There are both pros and cons to using flash cards and or hard drive
4. 40 Hz man made seismic noise in urban areas m The classic strong motion filter at a 250 Hz sampling rate can record for short periods with a short period seismometer In this ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION case the sensor itself protects against 0 3 Hz marine seismic noise An IR C filter at a 200 or 250 Hz sampling rate can monitor local earthquakes However there is no protection against high frequency manmade noise because the frequency content of the events and the noise is approximately the same The approximate band pass of these filters is shown in the table below Table 2 Trigger types and sampling rates Trigger Type 20 SPS 40 SPS 50 SPS TIR A 0 12 2 Hz 0 24 4 Hz 0 3 5 Hz Classic Strong Motion 0 01 1 25 Hz 0 02 2 5 Hz 0 025 3 125 Hz IIR C 0 2 4 Hz 0 4 8 Hz 0 5 10 Hz To select these filters refer to the Setting Channel Parameters section of the QuickTalk amp QuickLook User s Guide STA LTA TRIGGERING Purpose The short time average long time average STA LTA trigger algorithm generally increases the sensitivity of the recorder in comparison to the amplitude threshold trigger algorithm It improves the earthquake triggers false triggers ratio and to some extent allows discrimination among the different types of earthquakes This can minimize the work of analysts and allows more efficient use of the recorder s data memory Therefore STA
5. Kinemetrics Inc 5 O Cb 3 El Pos Int no isa ET j Pas haa 00 STE RICE Ub Bt m D oo ES 1029 IP TELE gr CONS gt 00 AN OD OD Of oz epl PI Seog Dog IQ DOT ge mir wit E E ze motete ES QD al so ED Roe a ont i c sun nn u a 7 CS E IN ah o 90 LIDERAR ae am oont i ocean E e Bota Enp de on RS ay 99 BONOS A oo IDMD DEJE didon DOU miiie Fo 00 ade a Mi nm a mtd ou 00 in o 0 O Donde 9 0 A Mm suban 9 BOT mim 3 a 1000 don oa q O mo D ep oot m pn CO ea ts EL 9555 RANGE 200000 ponle F T l a m R35 27 oh 0000000 oF ao El dre oonan coat z E Wn a E X1 X9 J X3 X2 Table 17 Output voltage level jumper settings Axis 2 5V Output 10V Output Because the internal EpiSensor is more sensitive to noise it is not offered with the low noise option available on EpiSensor ES Ts Additional J umper Settings There are several additional jumpers on the oscillator board Jumpers X1 X2 and X3 are normally installed If these are removed the calibration coils for each axis can be accessed generally for factory test procedures 140 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION HypoSensor The HypoSensor downhole EpiSensor package can be connected to a recorder using the transient protection box P N 108390 03 PL for a HypoSensor without a compass or P N 108390 04 PL for a HypoSensor with a compass and two cables
6. Power down the recorder and disconnect the internal battery and the power supply assembly before installing a GPS antenna Refer to the GPS Timing Systems User s Guide in the back of this binder for instructions Caution Potential equipment damage The recorder must be powered down and the internal battery and power supply assembly must be disconnected before connecting a GPS antenna Once the antenna is installed connect the GPS cable s BNC male connector to the units GPS RF connector on the left side of the recorder s enclosure Both parts are visible in Figure 16 Figure 16 Connecting a GPS cable External GPS Connector Optlonal Board Setting Up Optional Gain Boards Refer to the installation instructions in the Gain Board Operating Manual Doc 302206 for instructions on using gain boards with your recorder ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 33 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Connecting External Modems 34 Connect an external modem to the RS 232 connector on the recorder to communicate with the recorder remotely Install the modem according to the manufacturer s instructions The recorder site must include a power supply for the external modem In order to maintain remote modem communication in case of a mains power supply failure you must provide the modem with a back up power system Preparing a Modem Cable Prepare the modem cable according to the schematic in Figure 17 or purchase a modem cable fr
7. The DSP sends the filtered and decimated data to the MCU It also calculates whether a channel is triggered by filtering the data through a trigger filter and using a threshold or STA LTA trigger If a channel meets the triggering criteria this information is sent to the MCU This digital signal processing is explained in greater detail in the Software Reference section OTHER ADC DSP FEATURES The ADC DSP card also contains two isolated and heavily filtered power converters for supplying power to the EpiSensors and other sensors as well as to the analog to digital converter chips The board also contains a phase locked loop oscillator circuit designed to minimize clock jitter in the delta sigma converter s digital clock This technology combined with the use of a multilayer circuit board with guarded traces accounts for the ADC DSP board s excellent low noise performance The ADC DSP board also contains a control line for the calibration coil enable signal and a 12 bit DAC to produce a calibration sequence for the EpiSensor The board also contains a serial EEPROM that includes the board s serial number assembly drawing and revision number Makalu ADC DSP Board The Makalu uses a different ADC DSP board than the K2 Its board offers increased dynamic range Signals from the input board or boards are fed to one or two 3 channel 24 bit Makalu ADC DSP boards The board performs an analog to digital conversion and filters the data st
8. To perform a Sensor Response Test open the Terminal window Enter AQ OFF Enter AQ SRT Enter AQ ON Retrieve the event files generated by these tests then use QuickLook to make sure the records look correct If they do you have confirmed that the system can trigger and that the sensors are operational Checking Sensor Offsets Check the sensor offsets by looking at the functio nal test record or Enter AQ DVM in the Terminal window For a 12 channel K2 specify which group of channels you want to look at aq dvm Press C to clear accelerometer offset voltage Press S to toggle accelerometer step voltage Press Z to zero or press any other key to quit 1 0 080 0 231 0 854 0 006 0 004 0 005 mV The unit displays a reaktime reading of the voltage of its input channels in millivolts For EpiSensors we recommend that the offset be less than 5 milli g Refer to Table 1 for the 5 mill g level in each of the possible deck configurations If the offset exceeds this value you may need to make a field visit to adjust the EpiSensor accelerometer offsets The procedure for adjusting the offset is described in Chapter 2 for internal EpiSensors and in the EpiSensor manual for adjusting external EpiSensors THE MAKALU The AQ DVM command will show values up to full scale slightly less than 20000 000 mV Checking System Restarts Enter STA in the Terminal window to check on the system status The system displays a message s
9. 1 the power control line will always be on Cellular On Call In Times These are up to 5 times listed in 24 hour format HH MM during which the recorder will turn on power to the equipment The power will remain on for the time given in the Cellular Duration Setting the hour to 1 disables that particular call in window Cellular Power Control This controls whether the cellular phone control is active on the front panel connection These features can only be set in Terminal mode Put the instrument into Edit mode by typing Edit at the prompt Then set each parameter as described in the Using the Terminal Mode section of the QuickTalk amp QuickLook User s Guide CELLULAR DURATIONS minutes Length of time the call in window is enabled Enter 1 127 to specify the number of minutes the window is enabled starting at the time specified by the Cellular On command Enter 0 the default to disable the call in window Enter 1 to leave the call in window on at all times CELLULAR ON window_number hour minutes Start times for the five available call in windows The window number is 1 5 The hour setting is 0 23 enter 1 to turn the window off The minute setting is 0 59 Enter CEL ON with no arguments to display all cellular times CELLULAR POWER_CONTROL Toggles control of the front panel auxiliary I O connector 1PPS line Disabled 1PPS out Enabled cellular phone control out CELLULAR WARMUP seconds Time between when th
10. 152 The recorder can also be powered from an external battery at the EXT POWER connector Connect the battery as follows m Battery ground to pin F m Battery 12V to pin E To solder the external battery leads to the connector you must temporarily remove the back shell from the charger s connector The external battery input is reverse voltage protected and diode isolated You may use an external battery to replace or supplement the internal battery WARNING Burn or fire hazard Do not short the battery terminals with metallic conductors such as a screwdriver or pliers The battery can provide up to 80 amps of current This amperage when flowing through a non isolated conductor can result in very high temperatures and even fire Do not replace the supplied battery with a norrrechargeable battery or a battery that does not meet the requirements given in Chapter 4 in the Replacing Batteries section ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL User Supplied Charging Systems DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Recorder Input EXT POWER comnector pins E 12V and F ground m Always consider the load current required by the equipment m Disconnect the internal battery when using high amperage external batteries For remote locations a solar panel of approximately 75 watts can be used in conjunction with a charge controller and a car type battery Fuses and blocking diodes are recommended Refer to Chapter 5 to calculate your recorde
11. It is very important not to damage the threads of the anchor bolt Place a small piece of wood or similar object on top of the nut before tapping with the hammer This will dissipate the energy between the bolt nut and the hammerhead and avoid damage to the threads 10 Gently tap the anchor bolt assembly anchor and nut into the hole in the concrete pad The recorder s leveling feet keep the unit off the floor so you must leave approximately 2 1 4 57 2mm of the anchor bolt protruding from the hole 11 Unscrew the nut from the top of the anchor 12 Center the recorder over the anchor and lower its mounting hole down over the protruding bolt 13 Apply silicon lubricant to the sealing washer and carefully screw it onto the bolt without damaging the rubber seal Then place the flat washer onto the bolt Then screw the nut onto the bolt Tighten the nut so that it 1s about 1 8 3 2mm from the bottom of the case Caution Potential equipment damage from moisture Use the sealing washer to stop moisture from getting into the unit Leave the desiccant packet inside the recorder to keep it free of humidity damage for a normal maintenance period ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 19 20 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 8 Driving the anchor bolt and nut into the hole Hammer Nut aligrecl with A top of Anchor Bolt 2 114 2 4 2 Concrete Anchor L 14 Make sure the recorder is oriented in the corre
12. To set the STA LTA trigger algorithm adjust the following parameters m STA window duration in seconds LTA window duration in seconds m STA LTA trigger threshold level m STA LTA de trigger threshold level Adjusting STA LTA Trigger Parameters The STA LTA trigger parameter settings depend on the goals of the application seismic noise conditions and the properties of earthquake signals at a given location Each seismic site requires detailed study and only experience will enable you to determine optimal trigger settings ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 47 48 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION In general by proper adjustments of the STA and LTA duration you can make triggering more or less sensitive to certain type of earthquakes and less sensitive to the type of seismic noise at a given site Short Time Average Window STA Duration The short time average window STA duration works as a kind of filter The shorter it is the more sensitive the STA LTA trigger will be to short and high frequency signals of local earthquakes It will also be less sensitive to distant earthquakes The longer the STA duration the less sensitive the trigger will be for short local earthquakes By changing the STA duration you can prioritize to some extent between distant or local events On the other hand by increasing the duration of the STA window for example triggering becomes less sensitive to the common spike type of man made seismic noise
13. and vice versa For regional events a typical initial value of STA duration is 1 second for local events shorter values of around 0 3 s are most commonly used Long Time Average Window LTA Duration By setting the LTA window you can make recording more or less sensitive to regional events with typically slowly emergent onset waves In the case of a short LTA duration you allow the LTA value to follow the slowly increasing amplitude of emergent seismic waves and this results in a decreased STA LTA ratio at the moment when the S waves arrive thus reducing trigger sensitivity In the opposite case using a longer LTA duration the sensitivity to emergent earthquakes will increase because the STA LTA ratio will not be influenced so rapidly by the emergent seismic signal On the other hand a short LTA will adjust recorder sensitivity to relatively fast changes in continuous man made seismic noise during night to day transitions of activity in urban areas Natural seismic noise marine noise changes much more slowly and therefore much longer LTA durations can be used An LTA duration of 60 seconds is a good initial value A shorter LTA duration is needed to exclude emergent regional events or to reject changing man made noise at the site The recorder has a modified version of a frozen long time average window LTA during events The LTA value is to the first approximation not allowed to change increase during an event This prev
14. your personally prepared procedure and detailed checklist can save you a repeat visit or worse a unit that will not operate until your next service visit Performing a Remote System Check Step 1 If your recorder is equipped with an internal PCMCIA modem or an external modem or some other type of telecommunications link you can remotely check its operations A remote check allows you to perform routine maintenance checks for the cost of a telephone call We recommend you perform a remote check at least once every three months it is an easy and inexpensive way to make sure the recorder is working Many users perform this check on a weekly basis to ensure their network is operating optimally To perform a remote system check first connect to the recorder modem as described in Phoning Your Recorder using either QuickTalk or your own communications package Before you begin the remote check retrieve any new event files from the recorder and store them on your PC Note The following instructions assume you are familiar with QuickTalk and with the use of Terminal window commands Refer to the QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide if you are unfamiliar with the QuickTalk interface Functional Test amp Sensor Response Test Select Recorder Acquisition Control and Functional Test to run a functional test on the unit ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 75 76 Step 2 Step 3 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION
15. 0 Unknown 0 Unknown 0 s n 0 s n 0 s n 0 MappedChannel 4 5 6 Inverted no no no Displace N 0000 0000 0000 Displace E 0000 0000 0000 Displace U 0000 0000 0000 Alt Azi deg 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ch 1 2 3 Gain 1 1 1 Fullscale 250 2 50V 2 50V Sensitivity 1 2500V g 1 2500V g 1 2500V g Damping 0 6400 0 6700 0 6500 NatFreq 51 40Hz 53 60Hz 51 52 0Hz EpiSensor only CalCoil 0 0600 0 0600 0 0600 Sensor Gain 1 1 1 Range ag ag 4g 160 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Sensed Range KKK KKK KKK Ch 4 5 6 Gain 1 1 1 Fullscale 2 50V 2 50V 2 50V Sensitivity 1 2500 1 2500 1 2500 Damping 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 NatFreq 0 00Hz 0 00Hz 0 00Hz EpiSensor only CalCoil BS Se Sos Sensor Gain gt ESS Range gt gt Se Sensed Range A ne Specified sensor range does not match sensed sensor range Ch 1 2 3 Trigger Filter Classic SM Classic SM Classic SM Trigger Type Threshold Threshold Threshold Threshold Trigger Threshold 2 000 FS 2 000 FS 2 000 FS Detrigger Threshold 2 000 FS 2 000 FS 2 000 FS STA LTA STA Length sec TA Length sec Sees ae Seo Trigger Ratio SES Detrigger of Trigger SS en oe Alarm Trig Threshold 2 000 FS 2 000 FS 2 000 FS Votes dl 1 1 Ch 4 5 6 Trigger Filter Classic SM Classic SM Classic SM Trigger Type Threshold Threshold Thres
16. 3 seconds Minimum runtime 0 seconds Post event 10 seconds Array Propagation Window 0 seconds Storage Primary A Secondary B Digital Field Station OFF rogram versions sysBlk 0 00 bootBlk 1 12 appBlk 2 90 dspBlk 8 89 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 159 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION User input or GPS averaged Instrument latitude 0 000000 Degrees North Instrument longitude 0 000000 Degrees East Instrument elevation 0 Meters relative sea level GPS latitude 0 00 Degrees North GPS longitude 0 00 Degrees East GPS altitud O Meters relative sea level Ch 1 2 3 MaxPeak 0 0365555V 0 1569498V 0 1905728V at seconds 2 990 2 580 4 630 MinPeak 0 0259382V 0 1308346V 0 2011991V at seconds 3 930 4 640 3 320 Mean 0 0301319V 0 0077528V 0 0091136V AcgOffset 0 0000000V 0 0000000V 0 0000000V Ch 4 5 6 MaxPeak 0 0000834V 0 0000083V 0 0000215V at seconds 6 650 15 560 6 070 MinPeak 0 0000620V 0 0000274V 0 0000018V at seconds 13 620 2 940 117 2T0 Mean 0 0000724V 0 0000188V 0 0000137V AcgOffset 0 0000000V 0 0000000V 0 0000000V ch 1 2 3 Chan ID FIRS SECO THIR Sensors EpiSensor 32 EpiSensor 32 EpiSensor 32 s n 35332 s n 35333 s n 35334 MappedChannel 2 3 1 Inverted yes yes yes Displace N 0000 0000 0000 Displace E 0000 0000 0000 Displace U 0000 0000 0000 Alt Azi deg 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ch 4 5 6 Chan ID Te ay FA Ser Sensors Unknown
17. ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY III Sicherheit Symbole Begriffe Diese Symbole k nnen auf Kinemetrics Ger te oder in diesen Manuel erscheinen Bedeutet Achtung Wenn sie dieses Symbol auf ein Ger t sehen muss den ZN gleich markierten Teil dieses Manuels beachet werden Bevor irgend eine Unterhaltsarbeit angefangen wird muss dieser Teil des Manuels gelesen werden Wenn Sie dieses Symbol sehen bitte besondere Achtung geben Bedeutet Erdung Das erwaente Teil sollte geerdet werden um eine low noise operation zu versichern und dann auch als Erdung f r EMI FRI und Transienten und solch eine Erdung wird nicht als Sicherheit gegen elektrischen Schock dienen Bedeutet Wechselstromzufuhr AC mit Elektroschock Gefahr ars Bedeutet Gleichstromzufuhr von AC Versorgung herkommend A Bedeutet Elektrostatisch Sensibeles Element ESD f r dessen Handhabung head alle vorbeugende Vorsichtsmassnahmen genommen werden miissen um sicher zu stellen daf die Installation Europ ischen Anforderungen Dies Symbol zeigt an daB ein spezieller Vorgang oder Prozedur n tig ist gen gt Folgende Darstellungen werden in diesen Manuel erscheinen Note Darstellung welche Informationen Sie erhalten die besonders beachtet werden m ssen bevor sie zum n chsten Schritt gehen ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL SAFETY V Caution Darstellung bei dem die Missachtung in der Regel Gefahr f r Defekte und St rungen
18. AUTOCALL MODE USING THE RECORDER TO PHONE YOU In Autocall Mode the recorder allows its modem to answer an incoming call but it can also initiate a call 1f certain call out criteria are met To use this feature check Enable Auto Call Mode in the Modem Parameters dialog box in the QuickTalk Parameter Editor You can configure the recorder modem to dial out in case of the following m new event is detected m Battery voltage falls below 12 volts m There is a loss of DC power input m The global positioning system GPS fails to lock within the specified time limit m The temperature falls below 20 degrees C or rises above 60 degrees C To select these Autocall options just put a check in the dialog box For the recorder modem to dial out you must provide an initialization string a primary phone number and if desired a secondary phone number Enter the number of redial attempts and the setup string for the modem Finally specify the message that the recorder should send when it connects Use the Modem Parameters dialog box in the QuickTalk Parameter Editor to change recorder modem parameters or use the Modem Auto command in the Terminal window You can enter Autocall Mode from the Terminal window with the Callmode command If you set the parameters to enable Autocall Mode the recorder enters Autocall Mode automatically after five minutes in Monitor Mode or after fifteen minutes in Block Mode Kinemetrics designed the above pr
19. Extemal GPS Interface Board EA E MUA A s x 2 rte Enhancements 9 exa x 3 10 10PowrSupplyBoard_ A gt x x A AAA AA A AA Future Enhancements 109650 Mt Whitney Mother Board gt ce 166 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL A acceleration true 10 ADC DSP 6 ADC DSP boards 8 adjustment screw 29 alarms 41 alternate slot B 9 ambient ground motion 10 Application Block 124 auxiliary port 6 B bandwidth limits 40 usable 39 battery installation 80 specifications 80 battery display 28 external connecting 152 internal 7 25 replacement 80 voltage drop 35 Block Mode Communications Manual 1 Boot Loader 124 bubble level window 20 C cable harness 6 Calibrate command 8 causal filters linear phase response 42 phase distortion 42 phase picking 42 cellular phone 154 CMOS components 9 conduit metal 11 CrossTalk 29 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 9 Index D data rate recorded 39 Data Retrieval 64 digital cellular phones 154 DOS utilities 68 DSP code 124 E earthquakes large 10 regional 44 EEPROM serial 97 EEPROM 94 EMI RFI European Community directives 22 EpiSensors multiple 11 ESD electro static discharge 6 equipment damage 6 event triggered 37 Everest full scale range 63 external GPS option 8 external modem 34 external sensors 6 F FBA 11 143 FBA 23 142
20. FerriShield 119 122 FIR filters 42 FIR type filter 125 non causal 125 FRAD frame relay access drivers 54 frame relay access 154 free field 10 frequency response 44 full scale range 8 fuses 5 G gain board optional 33 setting up 33 Gain Board Operation Instructions 1 Gas arrestor 113 GPS connecting 33 connector 6 interface 5 receiver 8 shared 148 GPS Timing Systems User s Guide 1 grounding 21 case grounding stud 6 H housing 10 HyperTerminal 15 29 HypoSensor 141 ID Bus Address Assignments 94 TIR A filter 44 impedence input 101 installation practice 13 interconnect 11 IRIG connections 149 ISDN access 154 K K2 access space 17 full scale range 63 PCMCIA hard disk 31 L leveling 18 maintenance battery 74 dessicant 74 recommended 73 remote checks 74 memory display 29 micro controller unit MCU 6 minimum run time 40 modem baud rate 27 remote connections 54 motion Index 2 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION G strong 37 weak 37 mounting floor 17 kit 12 shelf 21 shelf 17 structural 11 wall 21 wall 17 N NEMA 6P requirements 117 NMS network management system 70 O objectives scientific 9 offset residual 29 orientation 16 magnetic north 16 true north 16 Orientation 81 oscillator 110 P P and S waves 40 paging 155 parameter stream 39 parameters communication options 39 security a
21. LG log files are supplied as examples of both sides of the dialogs QTPKT can also be used to communicate with an instrument in the terminal mode Block Mode and Serial Data Stream Communications P N 302218 documents the binary packets and QTPKT This manual and the QTPKT program are essential if you are going to write your own program to deal with the binary packets ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 69 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Terminal Monitor Mode Communications Manual P N 302219 documents all of the terminal window commands for the K2 Mt Whitney Makalu and Etna instruments KINEMETRICS STRONG MOTION ANALYSIS PROGRAM Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst is an all in one interactive data analysis tool designed to help earthquake engineers seismologists and academic researchers process accelerograms recorded by strong motion accelerographs SMA features instrument correction ground motion integration Fourier and response spectra calculations and V1 V2 V3 file format output Contact Kinemetrics for more information on this program The Makalu is supported in Strong Motion Analyst version 2 2 or above Network Management System Kinemetrics Network Management System NMS assists in the collection and storage of event files or continuously transmitted digital data from remote Altus recorders NMS is highly suitable for use in small to medium size networks NMS which runs on Windows 2000 Windows 95 Window
22. Mode The unit will call you if a certain event occurs and will also answer if you call the unit Cellular Power Control Option This option will provide power to external telecommunications devices such as cellular phones at the appropriate time Your decision on how to use the recorder will determine which remote communications option you use As an example if you wish to perform only remote maintenance on the unit the answer mode would be sufficient However if you wish to be notified rapidly after a seismic event the auto call mode is required In the following sections the configurations of each of these options is described ANSWER MODE PHONING IN TO THE RECORDER In Answer Mode the recorder allows the recorder modem to answer incoming calls This is the default mode the system enters after power up as long as the Autocall Answer parameter has not been turned off A supported PCMCIA modem must be inserted in Slot B of the recorder s PCMCIA board or an external modem must be connected to the RS232 port In Answer Mode the system sends a modem initialization string to the modem at regular intervals This string must enable the modem s Auto Answer Mode for a Hayes compatible modem this command is ATSO 1 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION This initialization string is sent on a regular basis to ensure that the modem is always ready to receive your call and has not forgotten its settings
23. One cable runs from the recorder to the transient protection box and one from the transient protection box to the HypoSensor The transient protection box is strongly recommended because the HypoSensor has limited lightning protection circuitry The connection between the transient protection box and the HypoSensor should be made by matching the designators as shown on both the protected side of the transient protection box and Table 17 WARNING Potential lethal voltages Potentially lethal voltages can exist between the conductors on the cable or the exposed metal parts of the HypoSensor in these configurations These occur due to differences in ground potential between the location of the recorder and the location of the HypoSensor Faulty electrical wiring returning large currents to ground normally causes these differences It is the user s responsibility to ensure that hazardous conditions are not created and that all local electrical safety regulations are observed Table 18 HypoSensor Connection External Transient Connector Protection Box Downhole Cable 700306 J1 J1 J3 Cable Assembly Wiring Chart CET EA on 700306 Function on HypoSensor red tiea oo o rin sea DAT vwa SS i nt ni i O OO T O i EAS O ESA 0 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 141 7 E 15 5 4 o E o a ET 8 TPS white Tretum Al Bi o ES BE 6 BEZ DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION AA Om Compass sim A
24. Preparing New PCMCIA Cards 33 RS232 Direct Connection 221308 iii ia 54 Modem and Other Remote Connections coooococccnoncnonnconncnonanannn nanon 54 Answer Mode Phoning In to the Recorder 54 Autocall Mode Using the Recorder to Phone You 55 Cellular Phone Controls st tan e a a Ee 55 Digital Field Stat Ons scsi se anaoa aai 57 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Hardware Connection to Digital Field Station 57 Overview of Digital Field Station Protocols 58 Configuring the Digital Field Station 58 Seral Data SIS pi 58 Description of the Serial Data Stream Protocol 58 Mode ivan aretha eben eeeel lanes ad 59 Mode 255 SEE MERS ETES ee 59 Mode sa cla a 59 Configuring the Serial Data Stream oooooonoccnoncninnnnonnconncnoncnnnos 60 TCP IP Support nine nant annees 60 Sensor SEINES sisi odias nas ih ES 60 ECU Passwords u ln 61 Checking the Recorder Setup sirios is iia 61 Performing a Functional Test a ares nn de 61 Th K2 asus asus klei Belinea 61 The Makale u se ar 63 Operating the Recorder ca ann rias 64 Retrieving Data from the Recorder 2220022002244r sense nnnnen nennen 64 RS 232 Direct Data Retrieval 64 Retrieving Data Remote sn 65 Downloading Data Automatically 22u0022022ner see snnennnnennnen een 65 Finding Files use aussage ade en ea 65 CUS IS Diles 2 a HELEN 66 Managing Data Storage amp Deleting Files ur sense 67
25. Removing PCMCIA Cards 67 Configuring the Instrument Using an AutoLoad par file 68 Analyzing Recorder Data an tt nue 68 QuickTalk E Ouieklo0 ea ltd 68 Getting Data into Other Programs oooooocccnonoconononnnonnncnnncnononnnos 68 Kinemetrics Supplied Support Programs 68 Support Software for the Makalu 69 Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analysis Program 70 Network Management System corn ncnns 70 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Short Message SEVA ri 70 Troubleshoot f usina tddi as hp 71 4 Maintenance Service DVI Wi el aseo 73 Performing a Three Month System Check 43 Performing a Regular Maintenance Check oooocooccccnoncccnonccononcconanccnnnnnos 74 Step 1 Run Remote Check Tests sinusite 74 Step 2 Adjust the Accelerometers sees sereseeeesee e 74 Step3 Replace the Desicc dual Etes 74 Step 4 Complete a Functional Test Before Leaving the Site 75 Performing a Remote System Check 02200enneenenneonneennenn 75 Step 1 Functional Test amp Sensor Response Test 75 Step2 Checking Sensor Olsen 76 A oink teens 76 Step 3 Checking System Restarts iii ed 76 Step 4 Checking System Voltages oooococnoncccnonccononcconnnccnnanacinnnnos 77 Steps Checking GPS Condition un sense seen 78 RG pl Aes E DAS eee RS te basse vo en ete 80 Battery Specifications un a
26. X4 138 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Configure each range by installing jumpers indicated by the black rectangles as shown in Figure 54 Note For clarity we have numbered each connector pin in the figure however only 1 will appear on the actual feedback board Figure 50 Full scale range jumper settings Header X1 Header X4 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 BEIN BERRA 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 bo LIE Al BURA 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 I males 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 3 5 7 1 35 7 9 4 Output Voltage Level There are three 3 pin jumper headers that control the output voltage level These headers reside on the top oscillator board of the deck While referring to the table below install one jumper at each connector location to select the voltage output level for that axis For the 2 5V output install the jumper between pins and 2 for the 10V output between pins 2 and 3 In most applications with the internal deck the 2 5 V output is appropriate ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 139 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 51 Internal EpiSensor oscillator board X4 X19 X14 Do ei S CS JO 00017 Seco gt 1 an NY g Le a De 9 z o sos 10008 bie soon WENIDOD cts ners e 123 Du Noes ote usb TE uno ER an 36 Ge x 25 pg Bgde gt 1 x22 N
27. You only need to load new firmware to upgrade the unit Caution Before loading the firmware program read the following procedure and the instructions that come with the firmware release Use only the instructions that accompany the firmware release Also be sure you have the correct versions of all programs If you have the wrong program version when you start the installation process the recorder will not work until the right code is loaded You can use the firmware selection matrix on Kinemetrics web site to determine which version of software you require Note Before loading firmware write down all the parameters currently loaded into the unit Once the new firmware is loaded reconfigure 86 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION these parameters exactly as they were You cannot necessarily reuse an old parameter file because firmware releases often add new parameters Incorrect parameters can cause the recorder to function improperly Caution Be sure the internal battery is fully charged and that the power remains constant and steady before beginning the firmware replacement Any interruptions or major fluctuations in the power supply could cause the recorder to lose its flash memory contents and disable it from reloading new firmware If this happens you may have to return the unit to Kinemetrics for repair Once you have read the whole procedure to ensure that you have an understanding o
28. a la siguiente instrucci n u Opci n Caution sentencias identificando condiciones o practicas que podr an resultar en da o del equipo el software u otra propiedad ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY IX WARNING sentencias identificando condiciones o practicas que podr an resultar en una lesi n personal o la perdida de la vida Precauciones Espec ficas Safety x Observe todas estas precauciones para garantizar su seguridad personal y prevenir el da o a cualquiera de los equipos en su Registrador y Sistema FUENTE DE PODER Para energizar el Registrador usted necesita proveer 18 24 VDC probable mente derivado de la fuente principal de poder opcional Fuente de Poder Cargador descrito m s adelante o 12 VDC suministrado desde su propias bater as externas o sistema de carga solar El Registrador adem s puede contener su propia bater a descrito en detalle m s adelante el cual est dise ado para energizar la unidad cuando las fuentes externas fallan Independiente de la fuente de poder que Usted use usted tiene que ejercitar todas las precauciones de seguridad necesarias FUENTE DE PODER CARGADOR OPCIONAL Si Usted planea energizar el Registrador desde el suministro principal nosotros recomendamos la Fuente de Poder Cargador Power Supply Assembly o PSA de Kinemetrics Usted solo debe conectar el cable de energ a del PSA al toma corriente AC que no aplique m s de 260 Vrms entre los conductor
29. and its menu will reappear To load the new Application firmware select A from the Boot Loader Menu and enter Y to confirm the selection CCC displays on the next available line This indicates that the Boot Loader is ready to receive new code You have just less than 40 seconds to start loading the firmware Select Transfer and XMODEM Send from the menu at the top of the screen or use the appropriate command for your communication program When the Window File menu appears select the application program s correct path and name from the disk The filename format is ap img beginning with ap then six characters either numbers or letters with an underscore and an img extension ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 89 90 11 12 Note 13 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Double click on this filename to transfer the application program and click on OK to begin the uploading sequence If you complete Steps 10 and 11 within the given 40 second time period the next screen will appear MODEM TRANSHIT File F NALTUS AP 288 1H6G E Errors While the file is loading observe the XMODEM TRANSMIT screen The number in the Blocks header should increase It is not a problem if the number in the Errors header increases This means that XMODEM has had to retransmit a block of data This happens often Windows message will appear if a real problem occurs If the XMODEM TRANSMIT screen does
30. battery in the recorder GROUNDING THE RECORDER amp SYSTEM When using the PSA to power the recorder from the AC mains supply remember that the recorder is grounded through the PSA power cord To avoid electric shock plug the PSA cord into a properly wired receptacle where the protective earth ground has been verified Do this verification before making any power connections to the recorder USE THE PROPER POWER CORD Use the power cord and connector supplied with PSA or an equivalent IEC standard power cord Be sure that it is in good condition ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL USE THE PROPER FUSES To avoid fire hazard use only the fuses specified in Chapter 4 Maintenance and Service Match them by type voltage rating and current rating Fuses should only be replaced by a qualified technician and the instrument must be disconnected from all power sources before touching the fuses SENSOR CABLING GROUNDING In installations where sensors are mounted some distance from the recorder and where both sensors and the recorder are grounded locally it is very important to make sure that all connected units are grounded at the same voltage Otherwise potentially lethal voltages could result on the connecting cables Do NOT OPERATE IN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES The recorder and the PSA provide no explosive protection from static discharges or arcing components Do not operate the equipment in an atmosphere of explosive gases
31. binder GETTING DATA INTO OTHER PROGRAMS Kinemetrics provides converter programs to translate recorder data into ASCH code In addition when in QuickLook you can use the right mouse button to copy a section of the QuickLook display to the Windows clipboard From there you can paste the display image into other Windows applications such as a Microsoft Word document KINEMETRICS SUPPLIED SUPPORT PROGRAMS Kinemetrics supplies the following support programs to both covert data and to use as the basis for your own data retrieval and analysis programs Data in EVT files is in binary A D counts 8 388 608 QLCA Graphically displays EVT files runs in 286 protected mode KW2ASC Converts EVT files to ASCII floating point One channel per output file Full source code provided KW2CNTS Converts EVT files to ASCII Counts decimal hex or volts One to six channels per output file KW2SUDS Converts EVT format to the SUDS binary format KW2V1 Converts EVT format to the DAT format for entry into the VOL1 program which does double integration acceleration gt velocity gt displacement Allows user correction of sensor sensitivity ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION KWNTP Displays histograms of channels of recorded noise or other data runs in 286 protected mode Note Use of KWNTP with the Makalu is not recommended KWPARD Displays or prints an ASCII formatted instrument parameter file f
32. card into the drive This card can contain a new autoload par file to load onto the unit Push down firmly on the card until you hear a click the Eject button should pop up 6 Repeat Steps 3 through 5 for the second PCMCIA drive if applicable 7 Put the OPER STBY switch back in the OPER position and refasten the lid on top of the unit ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 67 68 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Use QuickLook to view the event files on the PCMCIA cards you removed from the unit CONFIGURING THE INSTRUMENT USING AN AUTOLOAD PAR FILE If a PCMCIA card is inserted into the unit with a valid parameter file called AUTOLOAD PAR stored in its root directory the recorder will load and use these parameters when its power is cycled In this way you can reconfigure the unit in the field without using a laptop Analyzing Recorder Data After downloading data from the recorder you will want to view the data and analyze it Kinemetrics provides QuickLook to let you visually examine the record and produce quick plots of the data We also provide programs to convert the data to other formats so you can analyze it with your own favorite tools Finally Kinemetrics sells data analysis programs such as the Strong Motion Analyst QUICKTALK amp QUICKLOOK For instructions on how to use QuickLook to view event files retrieved from the recorder refer to the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide in the back of this
33. connector for 24 Vdc charge input external battery standby power RS 232 input Full RS 232C interface with modem control Mil style connector for 4th channel input IRIG out IRIG in clock sync 1 pps out Auxiliary input trigger in trigger out alarm out real time digital output tx amp rx ext 12V out Interface for interconnection of multiple units EMI RFI protection All VO lines are protected from both EMI RFI emission and susceptibility problems by ferrite filters and transient suppressors Charging voltages Temperature compensated for lead acid gel cell 2 outputs with separate protection circuitry allows unit to recharge flat battery and work with reversed or damaged i battery in multi battery system K 2 380 mA 12V depending on configuration see Table 7 Makalu 365 mA 12V depending on configuration see Table 8 gt 36 hours with internal battery depending on configuration Display Current drain ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 157 Housing Type Mounting Size Weight Support Software Type QuickTalk Format converters Environment DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 5 16 aluminum base support for mounting QuickTalk and QuickLook for Windows compatible control and retrieval programs Allows easy instrument setup and data retrieval by direct connection or modem at up to 57 600 baud Also allows rapid viewing of data and generates output to any Windows compatible device Provide
34. curit de votre chargeur Si vous branchez votre syst me de charge sur le r seau de distribution principal vous devez vous assurer d installer les mises terre ad quates pour tout votre equipement Si vous utilisez vos propres batteries vous devez vous r f rer aux avertissements ci dessous ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL BATTERIES INTERNES Vous devez manipuler et remplacer les batteries internes du Enregistreur en respectant pleinement les pr cautions inclues dans ce manuel Vous devez faire PARTICULIEREMENT ATTENTION de ne pas court circuiter les cosses des batteries avec une pi ce m tallique quelconque Cela pourrait provoquer des incendies et explosions En aucun cas vous ne devez laisser tomber les batteries ou essayer de les d monter Si vous enlevez les batteries du Enregistreur afin de les recharger vous devez ajuster le courant de charge correctement et devez prendre soins de ne pas surcharger les batteries MISE TERRE DU SYST ME ENREGISTREUR NUM RIQUE Dans le cas o vous utilisez l alimentation chargeur pour alimenter le Enregistreur partir du r seau alors la mise terre est connect e au travers du cordon d alimentation et le la prise AC au chargeur Afin d viter les chocs lectriques branchez le cordon d alimentation dans une prise correctement c bl e et dont la terre a t pr alablement v rifi e Cette v rification doit tre effectu e avant toute connexion de l alimentati
35. devices Figure 26 Block diagram of a recorder EpiSensor deck or external sensor in lt gt 3 1 0 o P T l o N A L lt PFTUCO wmstorv MO gt VDOAW gt OZOU an Everest RS232 CONNECTION AUXILLIARY CONNECTION POWER CONNECTION DA Z JOro ZO 0Z gt uxm M c U S Y S T E M c o N T R o L L E R SmaAn lt o GPS RECEIVER OPTION TI TI ft MOTHERBOARD SYSTEM ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION EpiSensor Deck Theory of Operation This section describes the operating principles of the EpiSensor Some options available in the ES T are not available with the K2 s internal EpiSensor deck Specifically the internal EpiSensor is not equipped with the low noise option The EpiSensor deck consists of three orthogonally mounted force balance accelerometers FBAs X axis Y axis and Zaxis Each accelerometer module is identical and plugs into a board that provides the final output circuit and the carrier oscillator The next figure shows a simplified block diagram of the major components of each of the EpiSensors Figure 27 Simplified block diagram of an accelerometer Flexure Capacitive Transducer r Oscillator We a Analog Output de Transien Protection Functional Test Pulse Span Selection 0 t u Amplifier Cal bration Control Calibration Cail Enable Contr
36. eS 80 Battery Installation ui ish 80 Battery Reeychns ausstatten isn Res 82 Replacing FUSES wi nein nn Ti Eine 83 The Makali nn mie ee 84 Replacing PCMCIA Cards or Hard Drives 85 Cleaning the Recorder uranio 85 Troubleshooting amp Service is 86 Hardware Problemse users ne aoe nr ni it e 86 Installing New Firmware dio 86 Decommissioning amp Recycling Vs 91 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 5 Reference Technica OveryVieW ne ica 93 System OVETVI EW A Nein 93 EpiSensor Deck Theory of Operation 95 Working Principle hsa a a aana 95 Features of the Internal EpiSensor Deck unneen 96 Billa 96 EEC e o 97 Pole Zero Representation of the EpiSensoT oooooccnnocononcnaccnnnanonanonos 97 Polarity Conventions emu 99 External A i a S 99 K2 ADCIDSP Board aissas niiin aan 100 Analog Signal Conditioning cooccnoccnnonononononnnonanononcnoncnannnonnnos 101 Analog to Digital Conversion 101 DigitakSignal PIOGESSOP RUN nn Non sen ete nt 101 Other ADCIDSP Features a ae 102 Makalu ADC DSP Board cesccesseeseseeseceesccesececeensecetseaeestens 102 156lation Dartiera een ac cases sects ne et 104 Analog to Digital Conversion 104 DigitaESignal Processor ans nu 105 Other ADG DSP Features sans 105 ADC DSP Board Jumper Configuration 106 109440 K2 ADC DSP Bords menti 106 109590 Makalu ADC DSP Board ccccoconcccoccnoccnonononinncnnncnnccnnos 108 MCU System Controller Board i
37. est pas une mise terre de s curit pour une protection contre les choques lectriques IH Indique une alimentation en courant alternatif AC Indique une Alimentation en courant continu DC d riv e d une alimentation alternative Indique la pr sence d un composant sensible aux d charges lectrostatiques ESD Cela signifie qu il faut observer toutes les pr cautions d usage en manipulant ce composant Le symbole indique qu une proc dure est requise pour s assurer que V installation est conforme la r glementation Europ enne CH IE Les termes suivant apparaissent dans ce manuel Note Indique la pr sence d une information que vous devez particuli rement consid rer avant de passer la prochaine instruction or operation Caution Indique une condition ou op ration qui peut entra ner des dommages votre quipement au logiciel ou d autres propri t s ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY XIII WARNING Indique une condition ou op ration qui peut entra ner des blessures corporelles ou la perte de la vie Pr cautions Sp cifiques Safety xiv Observez toutes les pr cautions suivantes afin d assurer votre s curit per sonnelle et de pr venir des d g ts aux composants de votre Syst me et Enregistreur Num rique ALIMENTATION Pour alimenter votre Enregistreur Num rique vous devez fournir 18 24 VDC probablement d riv du r seau principal ou en utilisa
38. features for use in seismological applications m The ability to select causal FIR filters for digitized data that have no precursors that can affect phase picking m Three different trigger filters that allow the trigger band of interest to be optimized m STA LTA triggering to support the recording of small amplitude events The use of these specific features is discussed below CAUSAL FILTERS The recorder has a two stage high order anti aliasing filter system that offers extremely steep brickwall roll off combined with decimation of data You can select between the causal or non causal versions of these filters depending on your application Use the final causal filter for precise seismic phase picking this type of filter does not generate precursors that might interfere with determining the precise onset time Use the norrcausal final filter to avoid phase distortion of the signal The non causal filter has a linear phase response that is equivalent to a pure time delay and the phase of the seismic signal is undistorted Therefore there is no need 6r de convolution of seismic signals when using these filters if you are primarily concerned with phase distortion The degree to which their pass band amplitude characteristics modify seismic signals is tolerable in most seismological applications ASCII files containing the coefficients of all these filters can be downloaded from the Kinemetrics Web site or at ftp ftp kineme
39. full scale that causes the channel to trigger The default value for this is 2 The second parameter is the threshold de trigger This is the value in percent of full scale the signal must fall below after triggering for the channel to detrigger The default value is 2 The detrigger parameter can be used for extending the recording time by setting it to a smaller value than the threshold trigger value For strong motion recording you will normally select the non causal final filter for the final FIR anttaliasing filter The non causal filter has a linear phase response that is equivalent to a pure time delay and the phase of the acceleration signal is undistorted This is the default setting for the final filter ALARMS The recorder has an additional set of thresholds called alarm threshold parameters These are specified as a percentage of the full scale input and can be set independently for each channel They are set in the channel trigger parameters window When a channel s triggered filtered data exceeds this threshold the hardware alarm is activated and if the unit is in block communication mode a status packet is sent with the alarm indicator ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 41 42 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION set The hardware alarm output is available as a CMOS compatible signal on the auxiliary connector See Chapter 6 for more information Triggering in Weak Motion Applications The recorder includes the following
40. im Ger t Programm oder Zubeh r besteht WARNING Darstellung bei dem die Missachtung in der Regel Verletzungs oder Lebensgefahr besteht Spezielle vorbeugende Massnahmen Safety vi Alle vorbeugende Massnahmen m ssen beachtet werden f r Ihre pers nliche Sicherheit und um Sch den im K2 oder Makalu Digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet und System zu vermeiden STROMVERSORGUNG Die Stromversorgung des digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet braucht 18 24 VDC sehr wahrscheinlich vom optionellen Netz Stromversorgungs Ladeger t oder 12VDC von Ihren eigenen externen Batterien oder Solar Ladesystem Die Aufzeichnungsgeraet kann auch seine eigenen Batterie enthalten welche daf r entwickelt ist um das System mit Strom zu versorgen wenn die externe Stromversorgung entf llt Unbeachtet welche Stromversorgung gebraucht wird m ssen alle vorbeugende Massnahmen eingehalten werden OPTIONELLES STROMVERSORGUNGS LADEGER T Falls geplant wird die Aufzeichnungsgeraet mit dem Netz zu speisen empfehlen wir das Kinemetrics Stromversorgungs Ladeger t Power Supply Assembly PSA Sie m ssen dabei nur den PSA Netzstecker einstecken 100 260V AC stufenlos Die Erdung mit der Erdungsleiter im Netzkabel ist n tig f r gefahrlose Arbeit vom digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet Das PSA ist nur f r Innengebrauch es darf nicht Wasser hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit oder Temperaturen ber 70 C ausgesetzt werden BATTERIEN ODER LADESYSTEM DURCH BENUTZER GELI
41. is set at 2 5V and the signal inputs are pulled up to 5V with 4 7 kQ resistors These inputs are considered true when they are pulled below 2 5V The input hysteresis is approximately 60 mV These inputs are transient protected The maximum voltage input must be limited to 14V Type 1 signal outputs These outputs are active low open collector transistors They are meant to be connected to type 1 signal inputs SSA inputs or similar devices There are no pull up resistors on these lines They must be pulled up by the input to which they are connected The maximum pull up voltage is 20V These outputs can sink 100 mA at 70 C with a saturation voltage of approximately 170 mV If these outputs are connected to inductive loads such as relays use appropriate spike suppression diodes The outputs are transient protected at 14V 12 volt power inputs Used to connect external 12V power sources to the recorder They are reverse voltage and transient protected Limit the maximum steady state voltage to 14V although the suppressors are rated to conduct only 1 mA at 16V 24 volt charger power input This input is reverse voltage and duabstage transient protected Limit the maximum steady state input voltage to less than 26V although the suppressor is rated to conduct only 1 mA at 29 5V Channel 4 analog input and ground These inputs are dualstage transient protected at 5 5V The input is protected with respect to the ground return and
42. level of 8 is obtained by selecting the STA LTA de trigger threshold percentage of 50 The STA LTA de trigger threshold level determines how well the coda waves of recorded earthquakes will be captured To preserve complete coda waves low values are required On the other hand if one is not interested in coda waves significant savings in memory are possible if high values of STA LTA de trigger threshold levels are used An STA LTA de trigger threshold percentage of 100 is the highest value possible It makes the STA LTA trigger threshold level and the STA LTA de trigger threshold level equal In general the noisier the site the higher the value of the STA LTA de trigger threshold level that must be used to prevent continuous repeated re triggering This danger is particularly high at sites heavily polluted by man made seismic noise The recorder will always use an STA LTA de trigger threshold level of at least 1 2 For example if you select a 10 de trigger threshold with the STA LTA trigger threshold level of 4 you would theoretically get 10 of 4 or 0 4 and the unit would be continuously triggered However the recorder automatically uses a minimum STA LTA de trigger threshold level of 1 2 to prevent this continuous triggering A typical initial value of the de trigger threshold is 2 to 3 The percentage set must be calculated taking into account the current STA LTA trigger threshold value For example with an STA LTA trigger thre
43. not appear as mentioned in Step 12 then you were not quick enough You must go back to Step 10 and repeat the procedure If the XMODEM TRANSMIT screen does appear go to Step 13 After the Application block has uploaded successfully the recorder will redisplay the Boot Loader s main menu shown in Step 5 After you have completed loading the firmware enter Q to quit the Boot Loader The recorder will reset itself Allow the Boot Loader to start the new Application code After loading the new Application firmware into the recorder enter the DEFAULT command in the Terminal window Re configure the instrument with the parameters you wrote down at the beginning of this procedure with the QuickTalk Parameter Editor This ensures that the parameter file is correct Do not reload an old parameter file into the recorder The update may not function correctly using old information due to possible header format changes ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL Decommissioning amp Recycling DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Give it to a local school or educational establishment where it can be We can suggest a couple of uses and methods for recycling your recorder y Li used to teach earthquake engineering and monitoring Contact Kinemetrics to see if others may have a use for the equipment Disassemble the unit and then recycle as many components as possible If you decide to disassemble the unit proceed as follows 1 2
44. pole zero representation Additional references to pole zero responses and damping are available on the Kinemetrics website Application Note 39 gives the response of the FIR filters used in the recorder s DSP The FIR filter response dominates the overall instrument response at sample reates up to 250 samples per second Figure 28 Amplitude phase and step response Frequency Response Amplitude 0 50 100 150 200 Frequency Frequency Response Phase 100 0 50 100 150 200 Frequency ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Polarity Conventions Unlike previous generations of Kinemetrics force balance accelerometers the internal EpiSensor deck uses a right handed X Y Z coordinate system with a positive output for acceleration along each axis Previous Kinemetrics FBA designs used an alternate coordinate system L V T and produced a negative output for positive acceleration along each axis With modern feedback sensors this convention dating from the days of passive seismic sensors is losing acceptance and this simpler convention is more useful Figure 29 X Y and Z coordinates SSS SC O BEFORE REMOVING THIS DECK COVER REFER TO Y OPERATION MANUAL i EDPISensor f ES m 7 ES Deck N UP wa HEN nz 1 zuus EASTIWEST VERTICAL f w vus NORTH SOUTH O E External Sensors An optional external sensor I O board and connector for additional senso
45. rate should be set so that transmission will only fall behind for short periods of time and not exceed the amount of data stored in the buffer In order for the current version of the SDS to work the SDS sample rate and the instrument s sampling rate must both be set to 100 samples per second Future software releases are planned to support SDS at 20 40 50 100 and 200 samples per second from up to 6 channels TCPAP Support TCP IP support for the Makalu or K2 may be purchased as an option if the recorder is using the latest MCU Event driven TCP IP file transmission allows the recorder to dial an ISP using a PPP connection then FTP the EVT files to a destination FTP site TCP IP streaming is supported through use of an external terminal server connected to the front panel serial port or via an optional internal Network Adapter daughter board The Network Adapter daughter board is only available for recorders using the latest MCU Sensor Settings Internal EpiSensor decks on the K2 have their calibration data stored in a serial EEPROM on the EpiSensor oscillator board This data is programmed at the factory and cannot be changed The K2 reads this information when the DEFAULT FACTORY lt CR gt command is issued at the EDIT prompt If any of this information needs to be changed it can be done in terminal mode or by using the Sensor option under the Utility menu in QuickTalk Note that if the DEFAULT FACTORY lt CR gt command is used
46. reversed battery It will recharge a flat battery by supplying short pulses of current to restore the battery s charge without overloading the power supply s capacity Note If AC power fails the batteries should supply power to the recorder If AC power is not available use a float charged external battery as the recorder s sole source of power deriving the float charge from a solar power system made up of a solar cell and a solar voltage regulator system The power supply contains a power supervisor chip that shuts the main system down when the voltage from the batteries drops below 10 6V The chip will then cut the power to the timing circuitry when the voltage falls below 10V This feature prevents damaging deep discharge to the system s batteries The MCU can also command the power supply to cut the main system power when it senses the power switch state has changed from Operate to Standby Further when the supervisor senses the voltage has fallen below the 10 6V operating threshold it alerts the MCU which then commands the power to shutoff This feature allows the unit to power down in an orderly manner and closes any open files When A C power is restored the system will automatically return to full operation once the battery voltage reaches approximately 11V When the main power is switched on it drives a high efficiency synchronous switching regulator that generates the 5V power for the recorder s logic as well a
47. s name in the QuickTalk Directory window then click on the Delete button Or from the Terminal window you can delete a file using the DELETE command These commands flag the file as deleted and return the memory space to the amount available The recorder has no internal command to undelete files However if your PC contains software designed to undelete files and as long as the deleted file s memory space has not been re used you should be able to use your PC to restore that file Removing PCMCIA Cards If it s not possible to retrieve data from the recorder either on site via the RS 232 port or remotely via a modem connection you can physically remove the PCMCIA card or cards from the unit replace them with additional formatted PCMCIA cards and read the cards you removed on a PC You may wish to do this after a strong earthquake when you need to rapidly retrieve data Volunteers can be used to remove the cards and replace them with new cards This process is simple and does not require a laptop computer 1 Remove the lid from the unit 2 Make sure the Busy LED on the front of the unit is not flashing this means the unit is not writing data to the PCMCIA card When the Busy LED is off switch the OPER STBY switch to the STBY position 3 Push the Eject button on the PCMCIA drive The card will pop out of the drive 4 Label the card so you know which unit it was removed from 5 Insert a new formatted PCMCIA
48. s storage performing functional tests remotely calling the unit and analyzing data from the unit Retrieving Data from the Recorder RS 232 DIRECT DATA RETRIEVAL Even if you normally plan to communicate with the K2 via a modem you may sometimes need to visit the site and connect to the recorder directly with a laptop and an RS 232 cable These instructions also appear in the QuickTalk QuickLook User s Guide Note Make sure you have installed QuickTalk on the laptop PC you plan to use before arriving at the site The first time you run QuickTalk the Communications Setup window appears Select the initial COM port and baud rate in this window Your selections will be saved when you exit QuickTalk but you can change them as necessary by selecting Comm Settings from the QuickTalk File menu To do an RS 232 direct retrieval 1 Disconnect any external modem cable from the K2 or any other communications equipment that might be connected to the RS 232 port If the modem is internal to the K2 you do not need to disconnect it 2 Connect the K2 to the PC using an RS 232 cable 3 Double click the QuickTalk icon or select it from the Windows Start menu 4 After a few seconds does the information display in the Status and Directory windows YES You ve established communications with the K2 Proceed to Step 8 5 Open the Communications Setup window by selecting File and then Comm Settings Verify that you have the correct C
49. see dust or debris inside the recorder we recommend you use a small computer vacuum cleaner to remove this debris Make sure you have turned the power off and that no netallic parts can short between the two battery terminals or from the positive lead to the unit s case Troubleshooting amp Service If your recorder needs repair or service we generally recommend that you return it to Kinemetrics If you wish to diagnose hardware problems yourself we provide some cautions below The procedure for loading new firmware into the unit is also detailed below Hardware Problems Caution Only a qualified electronic technician should diagnose and repair the recorder Be sure the technician carefully follows both the ESD precautions and the precautions described in the Safety section Do not attempt to repair the unit at the board level unless you have equipment for re working surface mount printed circuit boards and have gone through the appropriate Kinemetrics training course We recommend that you stop your diagnosis at the board level and send the entire unit back to Kinemetrics for repair Installing New Firmware Kinemetrics constantly increases the quality and versatility of its instruments When we develop new versions of K2 firmware we generally make them available either as a set of firmware disks available on request or for downloading from our FTP site Note The K2 is delivered with the latest firmware installed
50. specific packet format It is not for general use CONFIGURING THE DIGITAL FIELD STATION The parameters that control the digital field station can be set using the QuickTalk parameter editor as described in the QuickTalk amp QuickLook User s Guide Serial Data Streams The second real time data stream available from the recorder is the serial data stream SDS The SDS provides a continuous flow of data samples from the recorder using block mode packets coming out the front panel RS232 serial port connector This allows the recorder to be used as part of a reaktime seismic monitoring system while still retaining it s ability to record large events on its local memory card Note The SDS is only available in application Firmware revisions from 2 07 onwards Starting with recorder header versions 1 40 the Serial Data Stream parameters are stored in the event header Beginning with QuickTalk version 2 09 and application code version 2 25 they can be changed in Quick Talk and by downloading a PAR file DESCRIPTION OF THE SERIAL DATA STREAM PROTOCOL The description of the SDS and packet protocol in this section is brief and is intended as an introduction If you wish to use the SDS we recommend that you obtain the Altus Block Mode Communications Manual from ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Kinemetrics This will help you with examples of how to use the SDS and contains a description and format for t
51. the voltage before working on the wiring Remember telephone wiring carries fifty 50 to sixty 60 volts of DC and the ring signal at ninety 90 VAC can deliver a very uncomfortable shock Connecting the Internal Modem If you purchased a recorder with an internal PCMCIA modem then the modem is already installed and wired into alternate slot B on the back of the PCMCIA card To use this modem you must install a suitable telephone jack at the recorder site Once that is done do the following Caution Do not install any other PCMCIA cards into slot B when there is a modem in alternate slot B 1 Plug the military style connector on the telephone cable supplied into the mating connector located on the right side of the recorder beneath the right front cover latch The cable has a standard RJ 11 telephone connector on one end and a military style 4 pin connector on the other 2 Plug the RJ 11 jack at the other end of the cable into the phone jack plug The connection is complete 3 To protect the line against lightning induced transients install an optional telephone line surge suppressor between the telephone plug and the jack A suitable surge suppressor is available from Kinemetrics P N 851293 Caution Potential equipment damage The surge suppressor must be connected to an earth ground to function properly ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Connecting a GPS Timing System
52. the chassis ground ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Connector Pin Definitions RS 232C The RS 232C communications port conforms to the DTE standard except for the use of a circular military style connector Except for the pin assignments the port closely resembles that of a PC COM port Users normally connect one of two units to the RS 232C port m APC using a RS 232C cable m A modem using a cable The recorder uses a Maxim MAX248 RS 232C transceiver IC and operates at baud rates up to 57 6 Kbaud The serial word format of this port as well as the digital data stream output is fixed at 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity The DSPRXD and DSPTXD digital data stream interface provided on the AUXILIARY connector have identical characteristics The digital data stream baud rate is determined by the output data rate 4800 9600 or 19200 baud Table 10 RS 232C pin descriptions rin Name YO Deep o IT farm SY Transmit Data RS 232C output serial DEA ee data from recorder MCU board E Receive data RS 232C input serial EE ROSES RENE data to recorder MCU board K R RS 232C Input Ring Indicator The mating connector is an FCI P N 851 06EC12 10SN50 you can also order it as Kinemetrics P N 851020 along with appropriate Kinemetrics cables to go with the connector neither cables nor connectors are automatically supplied with the recorder A complete cable can be ordered fr
53. the recorder itself is installed Requirements for Installation Below we provide lists of the tools supplies and equipment required to install an entire recorder system in its typical configuration including the recorder either an internal in the case of a K2 or external EpiSensor and a GPS timing system ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 11 12 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Specialized installations may require additional tools supplies or equipment depending on specific sites and needs This manual assumes that all civil engineering works concrete pads enclosures conduit mounting masts etc are complete and ready at the outset of the recorder installation Required Tools FOR THE RECORDER The recorder must be rigidly mounted to the floor of its structure or enclosure The supplied mounting kit P N 700170 02 includes a 1 4 20 anchor stud with an attached concrete anchor a sealing washer a flat washer and a nut The following tools are required m A concrete drill with a 1 4 6 4 mm diameter 4 10 cm long masonry concrete bit m A 7 16 11 mm wrench to tighten the nut on to the anchor stud FOR THE GPS TIMINGSYSTEM Both internal and external GPS systems require the following tools for installation m Wrench or pliers to tighten the Type F connector on the GPS bullet antenna m Tools for mounting the antenna m A heat gun electric or butane An external GPS system installation requires the followin
54. this interface EpiSensor ES U Consult the EpiSensor ES U User Guide for further information regarding the connection of external EpiSensor ES Us with Altus series recorders EpiSensor ES T Consult the EpiSensor ES T User Guide for further information regarding the connection of external EpiSensor ES Ts with Altus series recorders ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 137 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Changing Internal EpiSensor Range amp Voltage Levels onthe K2 We recommend leaving the configurations of the K2 s internal EpiSensor unchanged If there is a need to change them use caution and verify any changes with a tilt test and or calibration sequence The full scale range is configured by putting jumpers on headers X1 and X4 on the feedback board of individual EpiSensor modules Both jumpers must be set correctly or the sensor will not function properly The location of the headers is shown in figure 53 The following table shows the sensitivities available for the jumper selectable ranges on the K2 Table 16 Range sensitivity calculations Full scale range Single ended 2 5V output Single ended 10V output 48 0 625 V g 2 5 V g Figure 49 EpiSensor feedback board J1 OL w TE TO Soo Ou tan osos F gt OO J0 O EE Y COCO 1000 40 d0 YO SENT 90 00 S 20000 0100 0000 GO 00007 O Z HO z 210004000 0000 22 0000 Ba ononon rac pgi OVO El O IB C120 re a U
55. when handling boards to protect recorder components from damage Before attempting to install the recorder in the field we recommend that you practice the installation instructions in your office or laboratory Installing the Basic Recorder Installing Support Software To set up and retrieve data from the recorder requires a computer equipped with either a commercial communication program such as ProComm HyperTerminal or Kinemetrics QuickTalk amp QuickLook program supplied with your unit It is much easier to set up the instrument using QuickTalk and QuickLook To install this software refer to the Installing the Software section of the QuickTalk and QuickLook Users Guide that is included in the back of this binder ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 15 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Orienting a Recorder with an Internal EpiSensor Determine which direction to orient the recorder true north or aligned with structure The orientation you choose will determine the coordinate system for recorded data Typically the front panel of the recorder will face north in which case the Y axis will be aligned north The coordinate system will then be consistent with standard external EpiSensor installations Note If you use a compass to determine the true north south axis make sure to correct for the difference between magnetic north indicated by the compass and true north magnetic declination This deviation depends on
56. 00 250 sps 156 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Recording capacity Depends on storage size Recording format Data is stored in DOS file system allowing cards to be read directly by PC Firmware Type Multitasking operating system supports simultaneous acquisition and interrogation boot loader allows remote firmware upgrades Configure sample rate filter type trigger type and voting maintains communications and event storage User interface Packetized protocol simple terminal loop control and data retrieval via RS 232 interface System can be configured to initiate communications when an event is detected or if an Intelligent alerting Si ee auto diagnostic failure occurs System can be configured to continuously check system voltages temperature RAM and code integrity timing system integrity Rapid setup Unit can be configured from parameter file stored in PCMCIA memory card Type Free running disciplined oscillator standard GPS opt GPS option Integrates completely with system providing timing internal oscillator i correction and position information System control Auto diagnostics Timing accuracy 5 microseconds of UTC Power cycling Software controlled consumption Power consumption 110 mA at 12V active I O and Display Matrix of 8 LEDs Display indicates acquisition mode event recording battery voltage memory capacity used Power input Mil style
57. 083V 0000274V 0000191V 0000179V 0000175V 0000092V 0000099V F ALTUS AX001 1 Pl VT SD 1997412V 1920306V 6 0000215V 0000018V 0000197V 0000116V 0000114V 0 0000100V 0000096V 163 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 8 Appendix B ID Bus Address Assignments I D Group 1 CRT 0 ue o S 109405 Front Panel I O Board may include GPS info 109435 K2 Internal FBA Deck 2 or x 2 3 3 Channel I O Connector Board 2 3 or 6 Channel I O Connector Board 2 or 12 Channel I O Connector Board Preamplifier Gain Board TS rue Enhancemens E 109415 PCMCIA Board The I D bus output signals SDA WC SCL1 SCL2 SCL3 are accessed by writing to port E4002 write only The SDA data is read back on bit 4 of port E4000 The read and write data are complemented K 2 109425 Primary ADC DSP Board or 109655 FPGA X 4 Board Mt Whitney ADC Board Expander Makalu 109590 Primary ADC DSP board ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL 165 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION I D Group 2 ENT A OA TT ira MCU se caen Pue 109435 K2 Internal FBA Deck 2 or 10 11 256 x 82 3 Channel VO Connector Board 2 3 or 6 Channel I O Connector Board 2 256 x 8 K 2 109425 Secondary ADC DSP Board Makalu 109590 Secondary ADC DSP board De a EL Preamplifier Gain Board for Secondary ADC Board a ee mE em BI I 7 restar Secondary POMCIA Board I D Group 3 peo ox O 109450
58. 1 vote to trigger Any channel could trigger the system Interconnected System For example two K2s with internal EpiSensors in a building one in the basement and one on the roof The K2s are interconnected Initially we set 1 vote for each channel and the external trigger and 1 vote to trigger We find that the K2 on the roof often triggers the system due to the building swaying in the wind We can compensate for this by changing the voting of the roof unit so that its three accelerometer channels have 1 vote while the external trigger has 3 votes We set the trigger weight to 3 in this unit Now all of the channels on the roof must trigger simultaneously to record or the unit must be forced to record by the unit in the basement triggering System on a Bridge With a 12 channel K2 on a bridge with 12 sensors connected we could start with all channels having 1 vote and requiring 1 vote to trigger We may find that this system triggers far too often from traffic vibration or swaying of the bridge We could then require several sensors to trigger by setting the votes to trigger to 2 or 3 and could even give those aligned with the direction of sway O votes In extreme cases we can give the channels aligned with the direction of sway negative votes so that several other channels must trigger to overcome their negative votes In conclusion from these examples we can see the flexibility of the triggering options and some of the ways this flexibility c
59. 2 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 45 KWNTP histogram of Makalu noise Command Prompt FROZEN Unfiltered Hstogr an Y 120105 compiles do 54 200 comnts Hess 54 639 cores mt 2 178 conte SA43 counts Scares 360220 JZecenta 1601 100 JSengles per sec 200 Gaire 1 Se elttie Ds Y 1 3411Me 08 V 1 30731 0 05 Y ui amp co 3 L 62 227e 05 Y EL A ETE 1 622700 08 U Std Cove ER Y Jaise Lesare 0 Y DE 4 JConputes using atada deviation Jrad and n i usigating 450 Me Piltered Banduidih Std Der 5402973 00 Y 3 Am Tent Date fer 3 2000 rare costa Nex 5 er Start Uma fi 20 2000 50 22 13 000 L to prim 10 HPLaser4 printer p Filara C SDATASLOSFNT ET to print to EPSON FX printer Fltue Notes Teet Prog an ur 2 Au der Kirewetrice inc 1958 1907 ESC to abort Ver 240 2 April 193 ey 10 STEPPED SINE WAVE TEST Another test performed during production is a stepped sine wave Using a programmable function generator the test is started with a shorted input then 50Vpp is applied The generator is then stepped in a 1 2 5 sequence down to 20UVpp Then the QLWIN display is panned across to look for anomalies The following figures show the entire test a zoom of the 50V section and a zoomed view of the end of the test showing the 20uV section Notice that the 20u V section is quite resolvable This record was recorded at 20 sps ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDE
60. 302200 REVISION Makalu amp K2 Specifications Input Channels Sensor channels K 2 3 standard 1 6 and 12 optional Makalu 3 standard 6 optional K 2 Standard 2 5V optional 40 Vpp 10V differential Makalu Standard 40 Vpp 10V differential Gain K 2 User selectable of x1 x3 x10 x30 x100 opt Makalu User selectable of x2 x6 x20 x60 x200 K 2 Provisions for internal resistor optional Input level Damping Makalu Provisions for internal resistor optional Data Acquisition Over sampled delta sigma system with 24 bit DSP K2 Brickwall FIR filter Cutoff at 80 of output Nyquist 120 dB down at output Nyquist Makalu Brickwall FIR filter Cut off at 80 of output Nyquist 160 dB down at output Nyquist K 2 gt 114dB at 200 sps Makalu gt 130dB at 200sps 131dB Typical at 100 sps Frequency response DC to 80 Hz at 200 sps Anti alias filter Dynamic system Chan chan skew None simultaneous sampling of all channels Acquisition modes Continuous trigger Output data format 24 bit signed 3 bytes Parameter calculations Calculations of key parameters in reaktime a digital RS 232 output of digital stream contact factory for available formats Type Trigger selection Threshold tigger Trigger voting Additional trigger Type Compatibility Primary slo Secondary stot Parallel slot Accepts Type I or II modem with connectors Sampling rates 20 40 50 100 2
61. 6 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 Figure 39 Figure 40 Figure 41 Figure 42 Figure 43 Figure 44 Figure 45 Figure 46 Figure 47 Figure 48 Figure 49 Figure 50 Figure 51 Figure 52 Figure 53 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Battery display inn nn 28 Memory displasia tt lanes 29 Zero adjusting an internal EpiSensor deck un nee 31 Connecting a GPS cable ricino iii 33 Modem cable to connect to recorder unit 34 Flow of data through Altus instruments oooonnoconoconoccninancnanonos 38 Typical trigger filter response ooconncnnnnnnnocononnnonnnnnncnnnncconennnos 44 Simplified flowchart of STA LTA calculations 47 EpiSensor functional test display ooocconnocccnonccinonccinnnnnnnnnos 62 EpiS ensor functional test display using firmware released prior to August 1998 o oooncoconococinocccooncnconncnnnonanonnnos 62 Makalu functional test record 63 Internal battery components ccooocccnnncccnoncncnoncncnnncnonnnnncnancnnnnnos 82 EpiSensor fuses on an Makalu ADC DSP board 84 Block diagram of a recorder 94 Simplified block diagram of an accelerometer 95 Amplitude phase and step response 98 X Y and Z coordinates senner retar a Eia 99 Block diagram K2 ADC DSP board P N 109440 100 Block diagram of Makalu 24 bit AD
62. 998 supports functional tests on the earlier generation of Kinemetrics force balance accelerometers but does not support the EpiSensor If you perform a functional test or sensor response test on an EpiSensor using older firmware the record will appear as shown in the figure below Figure 22 EpiSensor functional test display using firmware released prior to August 1998 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The record looks like this because the calibration coil enable is only enabled during the undamped portion of the old FBA 11 style functional test To update your firmware please go to www Kinemetrics com THE MAKALU Makalu functional test records are similar in appearance to those of the K2 however voltage levels are eight times greater but the equivalent acceleration levels will be the same This is because the Makalu s full scale range is 20 volts peak and the K2 s is 2 5 volts peak EpiSensors used with the Makalu should be set to produce the desired range in V g A 1g sensor should be configured for a sensitivity of 20V g Figure 23 Makalu functional test record faut E ARAN IE QE TEN AS UA AER LAF MLL EL TE GENIAL EA VEAIS AMI Dr STI Yo ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 63 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Operating the Recorder 64 This section describes the basic operations you will be performing on your K2 such as retrieving data managing the instrument
63. AC HC16 SIEMENS Fe O OPTION TEMP SENSOR BATTERY VOLTAGES 14 336 MHz Gees ope BACKPLANE CONNECTOR amp BUS TRANCEIVERS ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 109 110 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION For communicating with the optional GPS system the HC16 provides the diagnostic ADC and the GPS serial port along with a serial EEPROM containing the board s serial number assembly number revision and storage for the system parameters FLASH FIRMWARE OPERATION The recorder stores its firmware in flash memory This allows you to download new firmware through the serial port from either a local PC or over a modem link from a remote PC Using a simple boot loader program new MCU application programs and DSP application programs can be loaded into the unit The boot loader program can also be updated using a somewhat more complicated procedure which is explained in Chapter 4 Installing New Firmware TIMING SYSTEM OPERATION The recorder s time base uses a voltage controlled oscillator controlled by a 12 bit DAC on the MCU board In a system without a GPS timing option this oscillator is factory adjusted to produce a 14 366 MHz clock frequency This can be re adjusted in the field by using a high accuracy counter to measure the 1 PPS output from the recorder then adjusting the DAC with the DAC command in the Diagnostics Menu The variation of this oscillator is approximately 50 PPM over the operating temperature range of the
64. Altus GPS usage In free field mode each recorder is equipped with an individual GPS receiver and obtains independent timing and positional information In this mode recorders can have individual antennae or can share a common antenna In master slave mode also called shared GPS a group of Altus recorders may share GPS information from a single GPS receiver and antenna In this mode one recorder designated as the master is equipped with a GPS antenna and receiver The master is responsible for obtaining GPS information and then broadcasting time and positional information to the slaves over a dedicated serial interconnect link The slaves take information received from the master and process it in a manner very similar to how they would process data from a private GPS receiver Free field and all Altus recorders including the Mt Whitney Makalu K2 and Etna support shared GPS modes Both modes provide accurate timing for common sampling and triggering Pros and Cons m Free field mode is simpler to set up in many cases m Free field mode with a shared GPS antenna may make sense in some cases where a single antenna is required the extra antenna cable is not a problem and common triggering is unnecessary m Shared GPS interconnect hardware can be expensive for some configurations m Shared GPS mode requires only one antenna for a group of recorders m If using interconnects for common triggering shared GPS requires no additional
65. C DSP board IA O 103 Spice model of Makalu preamplifer response 103 ESI322 filter Tesponse ios 105 109440 K2 ADCIDSP board nennen aa 107 109590 Makalu 24 bit ADC DSP board ue 108 Block diagram of MCU system controller 109 Block diagram of PCMCIA board 111 Block diagram of power supply 113 QLWIN display of SOVp p signal 126 Example of Makalu group delay test 128 PSD computation of noise test data 130 QLWIN display of noise test data 131 SMA display of baseline corrected noise test data 131 Dynamic range calculation 132 KWNTP histogram of Makalu noise 133 Stepped sine wave entire record 134 Stepped sine wave SOV section 134 Stepped sine wave 204 V section 135 Episensor feedback board miii 138 Full scale range jumper settings oooonoonnoconoccnonannonnnonanconennnos 139 Internal EpiSensor oscillator board 140 Mating connector on downhole cable 700306 142 Connecting an FBA 11 to the K2 143 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 54 To connect an SS 1 to the R2 nnersenesnsennersnesnnennnen 144 Figure 55 Interconnecting with the local interconnect method 147 Tables Table 1 Suggested offset limits 2 30 Table 2 Trigger t
66. ECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY XV DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 1 Getting Started Overview This User s Guide contains instructions and information pertaining to both the Altus K2 and Makalu formerly known as the Everest digital recorders however there are certain significant differences between them In order to make this information as clear as possible the core of this manual is written in reference to the K2 All instances where the Makalu differs from the K2 are clearly identified and those differences are specified in detail Chapters 1 and 2 describe how to install a recorder with several peripheral instruments and devices Chapter 3 describes the configuration and Operation of the instruments Chapter 4 describes the recommended maintenance and service of recorders Chapter 5 provides a technical system overview as well as a summarized description of overall operation Chapter 6 discusses advanced installation procedures The included QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide provides instructions for use of the QuickTalk amp QuickLook software interfaces Note Users who wish to develop their own software to retrieve data from and control their recorders should be sure they have the latest versions of the Altus Block Mode Communication manual Doc 302218 and the Terminal Mode Communication manual Doc 302219 Contact Kinemetrics for this documentation The following manuals might also be included in this binder d
67. EFERT Falls sie ihr eigenes Ladesystem gebrauchen m ssen sie sicherstellen dass es die durch das System ben tigte Spannung und Strom liefert Sie sind allein verantwortlich f r die Sicherheit ihres Ladesystems Wenn sie das System mit dem Netz speisen m sses Sie sicherstellen dass eine korrekte Erdung f r das ganze System vorhanden ist Falls sie ihre eigene Batterien benutzen m ssen sie die unterstehenden Warnungen beachten ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL INTERNE BATTERIEN Sie m ssen die internen Batterien von Aufzeichnungsgeraet in voller Uebereinstimmung mit den vorbeugenden Massnahmen die diesen Manuel beschrieben sind handhaben und auswechseln Sie miissen EXTREM VORSICHTIG sein um sicherzustellen dass zwischen die Kontakte der Batterie kein Kurzschluss entsteht Es besteht Feuer und Explosionsgefahr In keinem Fall sollten die Batterien geworfen oder auseinander genommen werden Wenn Sie die Batterien aus dem Aufzeichnungsgeraet entnehmen um zu laden dann m ssen Sie ein entsprechendes Ladeger t gebrauchen und sicherstellen dass die Batterien nicht berladen werden ERDUNG DES DIGITALES AUFZEICHNUNGSGERAET UND SYSTEM Wenn Sie das Stromversorgungs Ladeger t gebrauchen um die Aufzeichnungsgeraet vom Netz zu speisen dann erden sie die Aufzeichnungsgeraet durch das Netzkabel mit der Erdung der Steckdose Um ein Elektroschock zu vermeiden m ssen sie sicherstellen dass die Erdung der Steckdose getestet ist T
68. FILE 1 selects the flat file system Generally the tree structure is useful if you wish to quickly find an event on a certain day or if you automatically retrieve data on a daily basis The flat file structure is useful if you retrieve data at irregular intervals or if you use an automatic retrieval system PREPARING NEW PCMCIA CARDS Normally all new PCMCIA cards received from Kinemetrics have been pre formatted All PCMCIA cards should be formatted as described below Place the new media in an available PCMCIA slot and use the Terminal window Format command Then try to read the device in the PC you plan to use with the recorder to make sure that computer can read the card If your PC cannot read the card get the latest release of the PCMCIA drivers and try these Kinemetrics web site contains links to help you find the latest drivers As a final option it is possible to format the card in your laptop and see if the recorder can write to it The potential problem with this option is that the format may not be optimal and the cards particularly hard drives might not be able to keep up when recording 12 channels at 250 samples per second Caution Possible data loss If you format the cards in your laptop are running 6 or more channels and or the streaming data protocol the card may not keep up with the data rate and data could be lost Configuring Communication Options The recorder is designed to send and receive comm
69. H e HT med oo o o Gen ce DE vaw e e a Brown o ow y SE ST woma O o Figure 52 Mating connector on downhole cable 700306 CONNECTOR DETAIL FACE VIEW SHOWN 1 5 2 O O o A 4 pl 0 0150 Ow LPS A A 0180 970 s 0150 970 o 7 y Y Legacy FBA Instruments 142 Certain Kinemetrics legacy FBA instruments continue to be supported by the K2 however we do not recommend using these instruments with an Makalu Their output voltage is too low and their noise is too high to allow full realization of the dynamic range of the Makalu Please see the sections below for information on connecting to a K2 FBA 23s The FBA 23 is an external triaxial force balance accelerometer Refer to The FBA 23 Force Balance Accelerometer User s Guide P N 302350 for specific instructions regarding the installation or fabrication of cables and operation of the FBA 23 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION FBA 11s The FBA 11 is a single axis force balance accelerometer used for monitoring structural vibration in one direction Three FBA 11s can be connected to each external connector on the K2 Refer to Figure 53 to produce the cable and junction box required to connect FBA 11s to the K2 Refer to Operating Instructions for FBA 11 Force Balance Accelerometer P N 105000 for specific instructions regarding the installation and Operation of the FBA 11 Figure 53 Co
70. IZADO DEL SENSOR En instalaciones donde los sensores est n montados a cierta distancia desde el Registrador y donde ambos sensores y el Registrador est n polarizados a tierra localmente es muy importante estar seguro que todas las conexiones est n polarizadas a tierra al mismo voltaje De otra manera potencialmente voltajes letales podr an resultar en los cables de conexi n NO OPERAR EN ATM SFERAS EXPLOSIVAS El Registrador y la Fuente de Poder Cargador NO provee PROTECCION EXPLOSIVA para descargas est ticas o componentes que generen arcos el ctricos NO operar el equipo en una atm sfera de gases explosivos ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY XI Symboles Terminologie Les symboles suivant peuvent figurer sur les quipements Kinemetrics ou dans ce manuel ZN Signifie Attention Quand vous rencontrez ce symbole sur u instrument veuillez vous r f rer la section de ce manuel signal e par la m me marque Avant m me d effectuer la premi re op ration sur l instrument vous devez lire la section correspondante de ce manuel Faite attention si vous voyez cet symbole Indique une mise la terre faible bruit Les objets portant cette marque doivent tre reli s la terre afin d assurer un fonctionnement optimal Elle est aussi utilis e pour les l ments de protection contre les interf rences magn tiques les perturbations hautes fr quences radio et contre les surtensions Cette mise terre n
71. Kinemetrics SMA software package shows the typical noise spectra as recorded on the Makalu This record was obtained using 100 Q low noise resistors to terminate the inputs and shows the flat response in the flat portion of the passband Figure 41 PSD computation of noise test data Te Du Lo ye De te aja als ER AT A od bes e Station 10 _ Channel 1 3 30 2000 30 17 33 16 000 sm PSO jents Hz f 101 10 101 07 207 Frequency Hz harto This uncorrected QLWIN time series shows the excellent DC drift characteristics This is a 30 minute record but remember that the internal temperature of the Makalu must be allowed to stabilize before achieving this level of performance 130 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 42 QLWIN display of noise test data Station ID _ 3 30 2000 90 0 22 18 000 Acceleration crvs Auto Scale 12 Te 003 eT N 4 N i i n 4 N 0409 200060 409000 603409 MO 1060090 1200060 1409000 1609002 1700900 Time sec Though there is little drift in the record a linear least squares fit applied to the time series by the SMA before computing does improve dynamic range This is considered acceptable because there is a finite limit to the noise bandwidth Nor linear drift is not removed by the baseline correction Values considerably less than 129dB are obtained if there is excessive drift Figure 43 SMA display of baseline co
72. LTA triggering is used most often in weak motion applications that try to record as many seismic events as possible The STA LTA trigger parameter settings are always a tradeoff among several seismological and instrumental considerations the highest possible trigger sensitivity for a given type of earthquakes including all earthquakes at a tolerable number of false triggers STA LTA triggering is most beneficial at seismically quiet sites where natural seismic noise marine noise is the dominant type of seismic noise STA LTA triggering is also effective in cases of suddenly changing man made seismic noise like the noise due to day night variation of human activity in or close to an urban area The STA LTA algorithm is less ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL 45 46 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION effective in the presence of irregular high amplitude man made seismic noise that is often of the burst and or spike type How STA LTA Works The STA LTA algorithm continuously follows the changes in seismic noise over time and automatically adjusts recorder sensitivity to give you optimal sensitivity to the actual seismic noise level at a specific time This results in significantly higher sensitivity during seismically quiet periods The STA LTA algorithm calculates average absolute amplitude of a seismic signal in two time windows a Short Time Average window STA and a Long Time Average window LTA The short time average windo
73. M ALL WEIGHTED TRIGGER INPUTS START RECORDING IF SUM EXCEEDS VOTES TO TRIGGER STOP RECORDING WHEN SUM IS LESS THAN VOTES TO DE TRIGGER Other instrument parameters have to be set to determine how the instrument handles m Data storage configuration Where files are stored and the instrument s directory structure 38 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Communication options These determine the modem settings how power to a cellular phone is controlled and when the recorder calls you m Digital field station configuration These determine whether or what data is sent on the auxiliary digital output port m Serial data stream configuration These determine if real time packetized data is sent out on the RS232 port m Sensor settings These allow you to change the information that 1s stored on the sensors m Security and passwords The majority of these options can be setup using QuickTalk s graphical user interface although some of the options require you to use the Terminal Mode to set them up using text based commands Station Parameter Selection In the station parameters the most important setting is which channels to record More detailed information is available in the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide including material on the location and identification of the unit See the Setting Station Parameters section of the QuickTalk manual to complete the s
74. N 109425 and P N 109440 01 are functionally equivalent The third P N 109440 02 adds an additional dual channel converter for Channels 5 and 6 Figure 30 Block diagram K2 ADC DSP board P N 109440 I MANAV BACKPLANE INTERFACE ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING For each channel the analog signal passes through a signal conditioning amplifier then through a simple RC analog antralias filter with a single pole at approximately 6 kHz The analog signal conditioning is configured as a differential amplifier This provides approximately 40 dB of common mode rejection Note We provided this common mode rejection CMR to ensure good system grounding However the system 1s not designed to provide the very high commor mode rejection offered by a true instrumentation amplifier The gain board options can be used if extremely high gt 90 dB CMR is required This stage was designed to accept high level input signals and offer an input range of 2 5V with input impedance of 100 kQ The channel to channel isolation of the system crosstalk is better than 106 dB which means a full scale input can be applied to one channel without having any effect on any other channel This provision allows the instrument to be used with dual gain systems and different sensors without one channel corrupting the data of the other channel The inputs on this b
75. OM port selected Is the COM port correct NO Change it and close the Communications Setup window by selecting OK Go to Step 4 YES The baud rate is probably incorrect Follow Steps 6 and 7 below 6 Open the Terminal Window by selecting Window and Terminal Window ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 7 Click on the Terminal Window Enter M three backslashes followed by the Enter key until the prompt appears You may have to enter W more than once Does the prompt appear YES You ve established communications with the K2 Proceed to Step 8 NO Open the Communications Setup window by selecting File and then Comm Settings Change the baud rate and close the Communications Setup window by selecting OK Repeat as necessary until the prompt appears 8 Close the Terminal window and begin your communication session with the K2 Note Remember to reconnect any equipment that you disconnected from the RS 232 port when you complete your work RETRIEVING DATA REMOTELY To remotely retrieve data you must establish a telecommunication link between the PC and the recorder To do this the recorder must be equipped with a modem and be in answer mode The QuickTalk QuickLook User s Guide contains detailed instructions on setting up this link Downloading Data Automatically You can create a user program to automatically download recorder data and log maintenance problems Contact K
76. R USER MANUAL 133 DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 46 Stepped sine wave entire record AID IDO oreo A 4 224 20 C00 BOL Fam DOTE Se MI 20 048804 nil 1D CARITA En 3 itis WTA Ld I MISA TT A m erm ss sp mro 07 1 oe vn 1 109 000 a 20 048 BOL Pama A lt 2 000001 rasia LAT 255 705 Eh 8 20 000001 Fara 0 CCE eee 20 068008 basic MIRA En a 20 001 L Namur 0 007 Le tD Cder vaalad on 134 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 48 Stepped sine wave 20uv section TOR DT UT SEHR s 100 000 En 3 OGON 0 CEA 0 0001 ML min 0 DANS gt TEN RS 0 008 EL J 0 0 004000 min LAS LEE 72 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 135 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 6 Advanced Installations Overview This chapter describes a number of advanced installations and features that may be used with the recorder If you require further help with any of these advanced installations contact Kinemetrics services department External Sensors The K2 can be used with up to 12 external uniaxial sensors and up to 4 triaxial sensors depending on the number of recording channels in the instrument The Makalu supports 1 2 this number Connections are provided through the optional external sensor I O board The sections below explain how to connect sensors to
77. R USER MANUAL 27 28 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION the back of this binder to interpret the recorder baud rate setting from the LED display After the baud rate displays the LEDs will not light up for several seconds Then the LEDs will light up in the moving pattern described below in the Front Panel Display section FRONT PANEL DISPLAY The recorder uses super bright LEDs to show the unit s status It automatically cycles the LEDs to provide a simple matrix display as illustrated in Figures 11 13 During a cycle the appropriate LEDs in each row turn on for three seconds before the cycle moves to the next row The left column is the row indicator When the STATUS LED is lit the LEDs across the top indicate the recorder s status as shown in Figure 12 They are abbreviated as ACO TRIG EVENT CARD ERROR and FAULT Figure 12 Status display a O u Ol STATUS M ACQ TRIG EVENT FAULT BATTERY O 11 5 12 5 13 5 CHRG BUSY MEMORY O 1 4 1 2 3 4 FLASHING The display indicates that the recorder is in acquisition mode the normal operating mode and that recorded events are stored on disk Figure 13 Battery display O O E STATUS O ACQ TRIG EVENT FAULT BATTERY m 11 5 12 5 13 5 CHRG BUSY FLASHING MEMORY O 1 4 1 2 3 4 In Figure 13 the display reports the status of the unit s internal battery Note that the BATTERY LED is lit This indicates that the battery is at approximately 13 5V and that the charger is
78. RDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION SMS allows the sending of messages up to 70 characters over a secondary data link The message originated at the Altus and transmitted through the phone is typically redirected by the service provider to the Internet and arrives as an e mail message Altus software allows for transmission of event detection messages consisting of station ID trigger time duration and channel peaks using the SMS connection For details see the description of SMS support in the Altus Monitor Mode Communications manual document 302219 Troubleshooting Refer to the Common Problems section in the Using QuickTalk QuickLook Software User s Guide for instructions on how to troubleshoot your recorder installation If you are at a remote installation and cannot get the recorder to respond there is an alternative reset command If the recorder receives this command it will reset With the communication link open type Reset the case is important If the recorder is responding to the serial port it will reset which may allow you to re establish communications ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 71 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 4 Maintenance amp Service Overview In this section we discuss recommended maintenance and service procedures Regular maintenance is important not only to check the performance of the instrument but also to verify that your setup is correct and that local conditions have
79. Range amp Voltage Levels on the K2 138 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Output Voltage Level see A bd 139 Additional Jumper Settings ooonnnccnnnncccnonanononanononacononanononanonnanon 140 MEL PO SELIG ON Aa a N RER 141 Legacy PBA Instruments na rindan aia 142 FBA 2S sia ea O ee ad 142 FBA T iii ia 143 PASE MS a 144 COMME CES AA nee aan 144 SS 1 Connected to a Recorder without a Gain Board 144 SS 1 Connected to a K2 or Makalu with Gain Board 145 Active and Broad Band Seismometer 145 Connecting a WR 1 to a K2 ae nun 146 Options on the Auxiliary Connector ss 146 Interconnected Units and Common Triggering ssseseseeeeeseee 146 Local Interconnect Method 146 Parameter Settings for Interconnected Units 0 0 0 eee 146 Timing Considerations for Interconnected Units 148 Master Slave or Shared GPS Operation 148 Extended Interconnect Option nenn 148 Common VA nieht 149 Hardware Timing OPA 149 IRIG Connections ari ea el 149 TRIGIN Er ENDEN 150 RIGO Tiida Ras HR 150 K2 Fourth Channel np uam 150 Hardware Alanns tias 151 Powering External Equipment 151 Controlling Power to External Telecomm Equipment 151 Connection sa fn Re TEE 151 Call In Call Out Windows ucessnersnnesnnernnnennersnnennnennnnen 151 Using Call In Call Out Windows for Timed Recording 152 Connecting An External Batter
80. SDN Access ISDN connections can offer higher speed connections than POTs modem connections single bearer channel can allow the recorder to operate at its highest RS232 baud rate of 57 6 Kbaud External ISDN modems can be connected directly to the recorder s RS232 port Frame Relay Access Recorders can be connected to frame relay clouds using a FRAD frame relay access device and have been successfully connected at a baud rate of 57 6 k to continuously transmit digital data using the serial data stream Spread Spectrum Radios If your site is some distance from a phone system or the central recording station but a line of sight exists spread spectrum transmission can be used to establish a full duplex connection Spread spectrum devices generally do 154 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION not require a license and can easily operate over distances of 20 miles links of gt 80 miles have worked in ideal conditions Satellite Connections Recorders can be accessed using satellite links This field is advancing rapidly so please contact Kinemetrics Dr the most current information on available satellite links Paging The recorder can use its modem to call a paging service and send a simple text message Contact Kinemetrics for more information on this topic or refer to the Monitor Mode Communications User Guide 302219 for more information ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 155 DOCUMENT
81. USER MANUAL SAFETY VII Seguridad S mbolos amp T rminos Estos s mbolos podr an aparecer en los equipos Kinemetrics o en este manual Significa poner atencion Cuando Usted vea este s mbolo en el instrumento referirse a las partes de este manual marcadas similarmente Antes de intentar cualquier servicio en este instrumento Usted tiene que leer las partes relevantes de este manual Si Usted ve este s mbolo ponga atenci n cuidadosamente Significa un polo a tierra de bajo ruido El item referido debe estar polarizado a tierra para asegurar la operaci n a bajo ruido y adem s sirve como un retorno a tierra para el EMI RFI y transitorios Tal polo a tierra no trabaja como un polo a tierra de seguridad para protecci n contra choques el ctricos Significa una l nea de energ a de Corriente Alterna AC Significa una l nea de energ a de Corriente Directa derivada de una l nea de energ a AC Significa una Unidad Sensitiva a Electrost tica Electrostatic Sensitive Device ESD indicando que usted debe tener cuidado y observar todas las eS precauciones para el manejo de tales unidades Significa que un paso de progresi n un proceso o un procedimiento determinado est requerido para asegurar la instalaci n mantiene conformidad a los requisitos europeos Estos t rminos aparecer n en este manual Note sentencias identificando informaci n que Usted debe considerar cuidadosamente antes de dirigirse
82. User Manual Altus Digital Recorder Documen t 302200 Revision April 2002 Warranties Disclaimers Trademarks Copyright O 2001 Kinemetrics Inc The trademarks used throughout this manual registered or not are Kinemetrics QuickTalk QuickLook K2 Etna EpiSensor HypoSensor FerriShield Windows This publication is provided as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose or non infringement Kinemetrics Inc and its affiliates assume no responsibility for errors or omissions in this publication or other documents which are referenced by or linked to this publication References to corporations heir services and products are provided as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied In no event shall Kinemetrics Inc be liable for any special incidental indirect or consequential damages of any kind or any damages whatsoever including without limitation those resulting from loss of use data or profits whether or not advised of the possibility of damage and on any theory of liability arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this information This publication could include technical or other inaccuracies or typographical errors Changes are periodically added to the information herein these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publicat
83. a Z r ONO ANS z z eise ti IE SMW zA 0IONVHIS Jam 338 vecore a WNINEEL 430005 INY TBHS _NOILONNT LS Wld O Nid S BOLIINNOI 15M 390343434 u La hr EE CE TH EA re CA E PE TL 3070S ON ke gt re er ANA HOS or TBS NOONA sva A Nid SZ HOLO3NNOD er ale 3 5 ve per j JGV 40 ONF JNO Av Jalm JUHM 430 109 Age J N MuOm3s O1 SE ir ISAT HAM HSM SONS HILOS lv 38M ILHM 440 Ind au SIHI O1 O3lvolyawvi STIEW YOJ 31B SS0d SY LYOHS Sw SNOUVNINE31 TY NO ONIN HNIBHS Add gZ 10004 ON IN3NN90Q OL W324 NOUONYISNI AISNISSV OY 1 SION ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 24 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Connecting the Internal Battery A standard recorder includes one internal battery a 13 6V 12 Ah battery KMI P N 840503 already inside the case Kinemetrics ships this battery with the positive lead disconnected When the internal battery is connected it maintains power to the recorder for approximately 30 hours if AC power 1s lost The actual time depends on which options are installed Connect the internal battery as follows 1 Make sure the recorder s OPER STB Y switch is in the STBY position 2 If the power supply assembly PSA is connected to the EXT POWER connector on the recorder s front panel disconnect it now Make sure the internal battery is still in the proper position as shown in Figure 10 and that the
84. accurate timing signal Micro Controller Unit MCU Board Receives data from the system s sensors via the ADC DSP analog to digital converter digital signal processor and decides whether the PCMCIA board should store that data The MCU board also controls all interactions with the K2 s communication ports PCMCIA Board Contains interface electronics for the PCMCIA slots A B or alternate B mentioned below Slot A and B PCMCIA slots for the SanDisks or PCMCIA hardware on which the recorder saves event data Data is saved until you retrieve and delete it Alternate Slot B An optional PCMCIA modem can be installed in this slot in which case Slot B should not contain a data storage module ADC DSP analog to digital converter digital signal processor Board Digitizes analog signals from the sensors and processes them before sending data to the MCU board Optional gain board s attach here Optional Cable Harness Connects to an internal EpiSensor deck K2s only or to an external input connector at one end and to a connector on one of the ADC DSP boards at the other end Each harness can carry three channels of analog data into the K2 With the proper fittings up to four triaxial EpiSensors or seismometers can be connected to the same K2 Bubble Level Calibrating Tool and EpiSensor Deck Cover The deck cover prevents dust and other particles from contaminating the internal EpiSensor and the bubble level and calibrating
85. after manually changing the sensor parameters they will be overwritten by the parameters stored in the EpiSensor deck To leave the sensor parameters unmodified use the DEFAULT lt CR gt command instead ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Security Passwords Whether or not the recorder should be password protected depends on the installation If the recorder is connected to a PC via a modem that is linked to the public telephone network set a password on the recorder according to the instructions in the QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide If the recorder is password protected unauthorized users cannot change recorder settings or retrieve or delete recorder data even if they break in to the system through the modem Caution Make a note of the recorder password If you forget the password you will need to physically remove both PCMCIA cards from the recorder to remove password protection and reset the password to nothing This means a site visit If the recorder is connected to a PC with an RS 232 cable only consider physically securing the recorder and the PC Use the locking hasps on the top of the case to secure the contents of the unit The RS 232 port is not secure unless the recorder is password protected Checking the Recorder Setup Check the recorder installation by running a functional test or by using the keyboard trigger if the recorder uses sensors other than an EpiSen
86. ailed Locks 0 Last GPS Lock At May 11 2000 11 30 40 000 Last RTC Update At May 11 2000 11 29 12 000 Drift lt 1 ms Last Powered Up At May 11 2000 11 34 33 000 Last GPS Lock At May 11 2000 11 29 14 000 Last RTC Update At Jan 01 1980 00 00 00 000 Drift lt 1 ms Last Powered Up At May 11 2000 11 28 08 000 Last Position 34 139999N 118 099998E 208m Average Position 34 148647N 118 102386E 208m 9 samples Will Power Down At May 11 2000 12 04 33 000 Next Power Up Time May 11 2000 12 04 33 000 DAC Value Current 2396 DAC Value Dithered 2395 2 DAC Value in EEPROM 2373 GPS antenna OK Commands H health S signal levels T time Z GPS Status C Clock Sync F GPS F W Version Q to quit Look at these status readings carefully because they contain important information Mode describes the GPS operating mode free field master or slave and is set with the EDIT mode command GPS No of RTC Updates A large number of clock updates indicates the recorder has to resynchronize the clocks when it gets a lock No of Failed Locks A large number of failed locks indicates the GPS is having difficulty acquiring satellites m Both types of readings suggest bad antenna placement Another possible cause of a large number of RTC updates is that the Power On interval is too long and the oscillator has drifted more than 500us Last GPS Lock At If the GPS successfully locked to sa
87. ake sure that the AC outlet is properly wired m Find out if the local AC power is subject to interruption brownouts or spikes If it is plug a suitable surge suppresser into the AC outlet Strongly recommended Then do the following 1 Remove the cover of the recorder Make sure the unit s OPER STBY switch is in the STBY position 2 Push the 6 pin external power connector onto the recorder s EXT POWER connector and twist until 1t locks 3 Plug the PSA into the AC power outlet or surge suppressor Users outside the U S must use an adapter or an appropriate IEC line cord with the correct AC plug Note The PSA automatically adjusts for line voltages from 90 to 260 VAC either 50 or 60Hz without user intervention The electrical characteristics of the recorder s external power connector are described in the Detailed Electrical Interface section in Chapter 5 Verifying Basic Unit Operation TURNING ON THE POWER 1 Make sure the PCMCIA memory card is inserted into slot A The PCMCIA slot is located on the right hand side when you face the front of the unit Its location is also silk screened on the recorder s PCMCIA board 2 Turn the OPER STBY switch to the OPER position The lights on the recorder s front panel will light up briefly and then light up in a pattern that indicates the baud rate Refer to the Running QuickTalk for the First Time section of the QuickTalk amp QuickLook User s Guide at ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDE
88. al Normally Open Working Principle The oscillator applies an AC signal of opposite polarity to the two moving capacitor plates also referred to as the moving mass When the accelerometer is zeroed and when no acceleration is applied these plates are symmetrical to the fixed central plate and no voltage is generated An acceleration causes the coil and capacitive sensor plates which are a single assembly mounted on mechanical flexures springs to move with respect to the fixed central plate of the capacitive transducer ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 95 96 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION This displacement results in a signal on the center plate of the capacitor becoming unbalanced resulting in an AC signal of the same frequency as the oscillator being passed to the amplifier The amplifier amplifies this AC signal This error signal is then passed to the demodulator where it is synchronously demodulated and filtered creating a DC error term in the feedback amplifier The feedback loop compensates for this error signal by passing current through the coil to create a magnetic restoring force to balance the capacitor plates back to their original null position The current traveling through the coil is thus directly proportional to the applied acceleration By passing this current through a complex impedance consisting of a resistor and capacitor it can be converted to a voltage output proportional to acceleratio
89. also be a problem with the solar power supply if one is in use Visit the recorder site to determine the cause of the problem Press any key to return to Diagnostics Mode Checking GPS Condition If your recorder has a GPS timing system it should also be checked While still in the Diagnostic Mode enter GPS ON and then enter GPS DIA The first command ensures that the GPS is powered up and the second causes the screen to display specific information about the GPS system If the GPS was not already powered up it will need a couple of minutes to acquire satellites You can monitor its progress as it acquires satellites and then calculates time and position fixes Wait a few minutes and enter S to check the signal strengths of the satellites The display will look something like this 47 SNR for satellites 6 SV 7 5 89 SV 4 12 45 sv 2 12 41 SV 9 14 27 SV 26 3 40 SV 24 0 00 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The display above shows that the GPS is acquiring six satellites and three of them have good signakto noise ratios greater than 10 see the right hand column If these numbers are all below 10 or are zero it means you have a problem with either the GPS receiver or more likely the antenna and or its position Enter Z to view the following screen information DG gt gps dia lt cr gt Power is ON Free Field Mode No of RTC Updates 1 o of F
90. an be used in particular installations Data Storage Configuration The location of the files and the directory structure of the instrument now need to be configured as described below PRIMARY 6 SECONDARY STORAGE The K2 stores data on PCMCIA ATA flash drives or optionally on PCMCIA hard drives If you have installed two drives in the system select which is to be the primary and which the secondary drive in the Stream parameter window Note that the Makalu should not be used with a PCMCIA hard drive ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Note The K2 tries to save all event files in the primary storage drive If this drive is full or missing the data is saved to the secondary drive if present If both drives are full or the only drive in the system is full data is lost and the previously recorded data is preserved TREE OR FLAT FILE SYSTEM The other data storage issue to decide is whether the data is to be saved in a tree or a flat file system In the default tree data storage each day s events are stored into a subdirectory named Y YMMDD in the EVT directory In other words all the data recorded on July 4th 2001 are in the directory EVT 010704 In a flat file system all the data are saved into the EVT subdirectory and no lower level subdirectories are created Use the AQ FILE command in the Terminal window to select the file system type AQ FILE 0 sets the default tree structure while AQ
91. ard for use as a primary channels 1 3 or secondary channels 4 6 ADC DSP board The following figure shows jumpers X4 and X6 identified with circles Each has a 2 mm push on shunt Jumper X4 controls the board s base address and IRQ Jumper X6 configures the ID EPROM to respond as device 4 or 12 primary or secondary respectively The shunts are shown as configured for use in the primary position Figure 35 109590 Makalu 24 bit ADC DSP board D 00 4 o m a0 00 0 108 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION MCU System Controller Board The System Controller Board MCU P N 109445 01 02 is the brain of the recorder The MCU m Determines when to store an event m Stores the event Communicates with the user m Transmits the real time communications m Directs the operation of the ADC DSP card s The MCU system is made up of m A Motorola HC16 microcontroller 16 bit equipped with 256 kB in the 109445 01 512 kB in the 109445 02 of random access memory for pre event and data storage m 512 Kbytes of flash memory to store the system s firmware and parameters A sophisticated dual channel communication chip for the user interface port and the optional network interface m The system s main oscillator and the real time clock Figure 36 Block diagram of MCU system controller FLASH SERIAL 512K EEPROM TIMING g SYSTEM USER VCXO COMMUNICATIONS 8 MCU CHIP E PORT D
92. black lead is connected to the negative terminal on the battery s lower right side Caution Potential equipment damage All batteries and the PSA should be disconnected before you service the equipment because power is supplied to some of the circuit boards even when the OPER STB Y switch is in the STB Y position Reversed polarity battery connections can lead to instrument damage Figure 10 Internal battery Negative terminal note mark at right front of battery make sure black lead is connected here Deck cover with bubble level and EpiSensor beneath it 13 6V 12Ah internal batte P N 840503 Battery bracket with pad beneath it Internal power cable assembly Positive terminal connect red lead here note mark at left front of battery 3 Connect the red lead to the positive terminal The recorder s internal battery is now connected ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 25 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 4 Use a DVM to measure the voltage across the battery terminals The voltage reading for a new or freshly charged battery should be greater than 12 volts DC If the reading is less than 12 volts the internal battery has been significantly discharged Connecting the unit with the internal battery installed to the PSA will completely recharge the internal battery overnight WARNING Burn or fire hazard Do not short the battery terminals with metallic conductors such as a screwdriver or
93. bracket pad Bock half of the K2 s enclosure Battery Pad Cable tie adhesive backed mount Note Depending on when your recorder was manufactured the battery may be installed with the terminals at the back of the unit If this is the case replace the battery in this orientation and make sure the connections are made to the correct polarity terminals We made this change to accommodate the grounding straps of recorders with VO connectors in the lid Battery Recycling We recommend you recycle the sealed lead acid cells used in the recorder if properly recycled they are environmentally friendly You should be able to recycle used batteries at the same centers that recycle automobile batteries ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Replacing Fuses The K2 and Makalu have four 2AG size fuses located at the top of the front panel PC board Looking at the front of the case the fuses are numbered from right to left F1 to F4 The PC board is also silk screened with the reference designator of each fuse If the fuses blow try to determine the reason why If the reason was some problem in the servicing of the unit then the fuse served its purpose and you should replace it If fuses blow repeatedly there is a problem with your installation or with the recorder itself You can obtain spare fuses from Kinemetrics or from industrial electronic distributors WARNING Potential fire or electric sh
94. but the pre event memory is adjusted back to the last one second mark TRIGOUT Type 1 This line is asserted when the recorder s trigger criteria are exceeded Output It is not held true during the duration of the event CH4INGND i Analog ground return for channel 4 input CH4IN Analog Analog input signal to channel 4 Input resistance 100 KQ Input Full scale voltage 2 5V DSPTXD RS 232C RS 232C serial data output for digital data stream interface Output Refer to Detailed Electrical Interface and Table 11 for more information 12VOUT 12V 12 VDC power for external accessories Controlled by OPERATE STANDBY Output switch Current drawn should be limited to less than 100 mA Ground One of five digital power ground pins Ground One of five digital power ground pins Ground One of five digital power ground pins Standb Alternate connection point for applications of standby power 4 e 12V Input Refer to Detailed Electrical Interface and Table 11 for more information E Do not continuously power the unit through this pin Ground One of five digital power ground pins Ground One of five digital power ground pins ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 121 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The mating connector is an FCI P N 851 06EC14 18PN50 This connector is supplied with the recorder You can order additional connectors as Kinemetrics P N 851022 GPS Antenna When the recorder is equipped with the op
95. cabling EXTENDED INTERCONNECT OPTION Recorders can be interconnected using the local interconnect signals furnished on their auxiliary I O connector labeled AUX I O The signals 148 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION are TRIGIN TRIGOUT IRIGIN and IRIGOUT This interface is designed to operate across approximately 10 ft or 3m The Extended Interconnect Option P N 109450 allows this distance to increase to 4000 ft or more It also converts local interconnect level signals to RS 485 level signals provides optical isolation and can be used as a repeater to extend the total end to end distance of the network well beyond 4000 ft COMMON TRIGGERING The trigger interface consists of a simple wired or open collector bus where any unit in the array can assert the trigger signal when its trigger criteria are satisfied When the unit senses an external trigger input it will trigger providing the trigger votes and weight are set correctly The MCU software senses the trigger inputs and asserts the trigger output at precise times in the ADC scan interrupt handler The trigger input is sensed early in the interrupt handler and the trigger output is asserted late in the handler This timing window prevents ambiguous triggers that could allow the events to lose their time alignment It is also important to note that the unit only asserts its trigger output when its trigger criteria are exceeded based o
96. cale the output of active sensors to the K2 s input range It should also not be used with a Makalu Active and Broad Band Seismometer Broadband active seismometer can be connected to either a K2 or Makalu For a K2 the output of some broadband seismometers may need to be attu using the gain board option The Makalu is disregarded to designed to directly interface with broadband seismometers such as the STS 2 with 20V differential 40Vpp output Refer to the seismometer manufacture s manual for installation details Care needs to be taken to ensure the seismometer is correctly powered The Altus recorder may not be able to supply sufficient power Instructions below are specific for Kinemetrics WR 1 instrument connected to a K2 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 145 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Connecting a WR 1 to a K2 The WR 1 Ranger seismometer is an active single component sensor that can output DC coupled acceleration and AC coupled acceleration and velocity The sensor requires 12Vdc power of 20mA Due to this current requirement a K2 with three channels can support one WR 1 If the sensor is connected to a K2 with 6 channels then a maximum of two sensors can be connected If the sensor is connected to a K2 with 12 channels then each set of six channels 1 6 and 6 12 can support a maximum of two WR 1s directly connected In all cases EpiSensor type accelerometers can be used with the remaining channels I
97. chdog reset or a user initiated system reset If the recorder resets itself frequently it may have a hardware problem and you should contact Kinemetrics Technical Support Step 4 Checking System Voltages From the QuickTalk Terminal window enter DG to start Diagnostics Mode When you see the Diagnostic Prompt DG gt enter ADC The unit displays a list of 8 numbers like this Starting CPU16 ADC Press any key to abor 13 330V 0 019V 22 741C OOOH 23 882V 12 080V 13 410V 0 078V These numbers indicate the recorder s current system voltages and temperature Check whether the numbers on your screen fall within the acceptable ranges in Table 5 Note The shaded numbers above 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 will not appear on your screen They correspond to the numbers in the far left column in Table 5 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 77 78 Step 5 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table 4 Acceptable voltage ranges for an operating recorder Internal Battery 0 20 VDC 11 5 VDC 14 VDC External Battery 0 20 VDC 11 5 VDC 14 VDC Ignore screen readings ES EN If the recorder is operating correctly all the voltages should be within the limits shown above If the voltages are too high or too low the unit requires service If the charger voltage is too low there might be a failed power supply or insufficient AC power If the internal or external battery 1s too low there might be a charger or an AC power failure There might
98. circumstances how do you plan to retrieve and process the network s data as well as continue operating it Engineering Before installing the recorder plan and construct if necessary the housing that will provide a protective infrastructure for the unit The exact details of the installation depend on local conditions local regulations and the purposes of the installation Except in cases of a rapid emergency deployment of seismic instruments the recorder should be housed in a protective structure Below are the two typical types of installation settings and related protective structures They can be used as rough guidelines for an installation FREE FIELD INSTALLATIONS In a free field accelerograph installation the recorder is installed some distance from buildings in a free field and sheltered by a small lightweight structure that allows the internal EpiSensor to sense acceleration as close as possible to the true accelerations of ambient ground motion In softer ground sites because of the soil structure interactions during earthquakes a heavier than necessary protective structure could degrade data accuracy The structure should also protect the recorder from weather direct sunlight and theft or vandalism A transformer hut made of fiberglass and stainless steel hardware is ideal as long as it and the recorder are attached to a poured and reinforced concrete pad If true hard rock site response is desired anchor th
99. conds by picking one of the values from the STA Length list the range is from 0 1 to 10 seconds Only the values listed are allowed Specify the long term average time in seconds from the LTA Length list these range from 20 to 120 seconds Only the values listed are allowed Select the ratio of the STA LTA that will cause the channel to trigger from the STA LTA Trig Ratio list These vary from a minimum of 1 5 up to 1000 The lower the value you select the more sensitive the unit and the more events you are likely to record Only the values listed are allowed Set he STA LTA Detrig from the selection list This will determine how sensitive the channel becomes once it has triggered Only the values listed are allowed Remember this is a percentage of the STA LTA trigger ratio Repeat this for each channel that is active in the recorder s triggering scheme Click on OK Click on Streams The Streams Parameters dialog box opens Enter the number of votes you want for each channel that you want to contribute to the triggering Assign zero votes to the channels you do not wish to contribute to the triggering You can also assign votes to the external and keyboard triggers Finally assign the trigger weight and the ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION de trigger weight which are the number of votes needed to trigger and de trigger the instrument respectively Refer to Triggering Options for a discus
100. connected and providing DC power The battery voltages are rounded off to the nearest 0 5V 11 5 11 0 to 12 0 12 5 12 0 to 13 0 13 5 13 0 to 14 0 and 14 5 gt 14 0V ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 14 Memory display En O O STATUS O ACQ TRIG EVENT FAULT BATTERY O 11 5 12 5 13 5 CHRG BUSY MEMORY a 1 4 1 2 3 4 FLASHING In Figure 14 the display reports the amount of memory used in the PCMCIA card Note that the MEMORY LED is lit This example shows that the unit s memory is one quarter full or less Memory use is rounded up Caution Potential data corruption When the last LED on the bottom right hand side is flashing rapidly approximately twice per second the recorder is accessing the PCMCIA memory card Do not remove a PCMCIA card from the unit while this light is flashing Running QuickTalk Start your PC and double click on the QuickTalk icon on your PC screen Follow the instructions in the Running QuickTalk for the First Time section in the QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide at the back of this binder Note You can also connect to the recorder with most communication programs such as HyperTerminal or CrossTalk Zero Adjusting Internal EpiSensors If the K2 has an internal EpiSensor deck most users zero the EpiSensor accelerometers after the recorder is installed and leveled Zeroing the EpiSensor deck channels ensures that recor
101. ct direction and leveled before you proceed with Step 15 15 Look at the bubble level window while you carefully screw each of the recorder s three leveling feet shown in Figure 3 in or out When you can see the air bubble centered in the bubble level window with all three leveling feet resting on the mounting pad the recorder is leveled 16 Carefully maintain both the recorder s level and its orientation as you tighten down the anchor nut to hold the recorder firmly in place This final tightening should force the concrete anchor to expand inside the hole and lock the unit in place Use a torque of 80 100 inch Ibs 902 10 2nm to tighten the nut WARNING Burn or fire hazard Do not short battery terminals with metallic conductors such as a screwdriver or pliers The battery can provide up to 80 amps of current This amperage when flowing through a non isolated conductor can result in very high temperatures and even fire Do not replace the supplied battery with a norrrechargeable battery or a battery that does not meet the requirements in the Replacing Batteries section 17 Replace the internal battery Be sure that the rubber battery pad is under the battery Screw the battery bracket back into place and reconnect the black wire to the negative terminal of the battery Do not connect the red wire until told to do so later Caution Potential performance degradation The EpiSensor deck cover provides grounding for the EpiS
102. current This amperage when flowing through a non isolated conductor can result in very high temperatures and even fire Do not replace the supplied battery with a norrrechargeable battery or a battery that does not meet the requirements given in Chapter 4 in the Replacing Batteries section 3 Disconnect the battery wires from the terminals unscrew the internal battery bracket and set the internal battery aside 4 Remove the protective plug from the mounting hole on the recorder s underside Move the recorder gently to one side 6 Locate where you plan to put the recorder keeping in mind the working space dimensions in Figure 6 7 Use a drill with a 1 4 6 4 mm bit and drill into the concrete to a depth exceeding the maximum depth you intend for the anchor to penetrate as shown in Figure 7 A percussion or hammer drill will make this procedure much easier You should follow all recommended safety precautions when using power tools and we recommend you wear safety glasses during the installation procedure ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 7 Drilling a hole for the anchor bolt A ERSAAANANAN 8 Make sure you clean out the hole after drilling it A flexible drinking straw makes a good tool for this Make sure you don t blow dust in your eyes 9 Screw the nut onto the anchor bolt until the top of the nut is flush with the top of the anchor bolt as shown in Figure 8 Note
103. de protection to the recorder by installing 1t within an existing building or structure a bridge a dam a high rise etc The main purpose for installing the recorder in an existing structure is to measure and monitor the structure s vibrations in response to ground motion While some use such installations to calculate measurements of free field seismic motions the very nature of the structure s size and foundation depth cause the acceleration measurements to deviate cons iderably from true free field response For a structural monitoring installation make sure the space in the structure allows enough room to mount and service the recorder and that the space provides enough protection so the recorder and its sensors will not be disturbed or vandalized Powering the recorder requires a mains supply close to the installation point To connect a modem a phone line is also necessary As for the recorder s optional GPS antenna carefully plan to locate the antenna close enough to the recorder so the supplied GPS cable will reach between the two To use multiple EpiSensors mounted around the structure make a detailed plan of the sensors locations and plan how to run the cables between them and the recorder To interconnect recorders plan the layout of the interconnecting cables If possible run all the cables sensor and interconnect through grounded metal conduit All these elements of an installation should be in place before
104. ded data will have minimal DC offset You can zero the accelerometers by using the recorder s DVM utility to monitor the offsets as you manually adjust them Caution If you have an Altus series recorder its firmware will allow you to remove an offset from the data stream by subtracting a constant value from the data as it is recorded However you should only use this to remove a small residual offset If you remove a large offset gt 100 mV you will reduce the instrument s recording range The modules can be adjusted to an offset of less than 25mV or less than 5 milli g for high sensitivity units If desires smaller offsets may be obtained ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 29 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION with some practice For normal applications in which the K2 is level the adjustment screw rotation will be only a few degrees The modules are zeroed before shipment The table below shows suggested offset settings for the gain and full scale ranges available in the internal EpiSensor deck Table 1 Suggested offset limits Full scale Single ended 2 5 V Single ended 10V range output output Adjustment Instructions 1 Turn the OPER STBY switch to OPER Start QuickTalk and open the Terminal window 2 Enter AQ DVM to display the current voltages of the EpiSensor in millivolts The DVM display screen appears Look in the column that corresponds to the sensor channel you are adjusting As you complete the adjustme
105. ding has been at 200 sps while seismological recording has often used the 100 sps rate Obviously an event file recorded at 200 sps will be almost twice as long as one recorded at 100 sps and will take almost twice as long to transfer over a communications link You must evaluate this trade off Note 200 samples per second was used historically when the instrument s effective bandwidth was limited by the roll off of the analog antralias filters For a 200 Hz sampling rate the filter cut off was normally 50 Hz With a digital anti alias filter the cutoff at 200 Hz samples will be 80 Hz a much higher effective bandwidth Supported sampling rates are 20 40 50 100 200 and 250 sps PRE EVENT TIME The setting allows you to determine how many seconds of data before the trigger criteria were met will be recorded in the event file For strong motion applications this is normally set to a few seconds so you can determine the noise before the start of the event The factory default 1s ten seconds For weak motion recording especially if you expect the system to be triggered on the S waves the situation is more complex In this case the pre event should be sufficiently long to allow any P waves from an event within the region of interest to be recorded This time can be estimated by the travel times of the P and S waves from the most distant point of interest The difference between these times with some allowance for a true pre event time giv
106. e installation instructions Why Practice In the Laboratory The connections between all the components mentioned in this manual may appear a bit complex They will be even more complex if your first installation attempt is in a remote field situation where you find that you lack the necessary tools supplies or equipment to make the connections work Practice in a well supplied well lit laboratory or office when first connecting a PC GPS and modem systems to the Kinemetrics equipment Follow these instructions carefully step by step to learn exactly which tools supplies and equipment will be needed in the field Murphy s Law provides a further reason for a practice installation If anything can go wrong it will and Isaac s Corollary Murphy was an optimist For the practice assembly follow the instructions in Chapter 2 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 13 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 2 Installation Basics Overview This chapter explains several common installation procedures as well as relevant operational concepts For specific instructions about more complex installation procedures see Chapter 6 of this manual Caution Potential electrostatic discharge ESD hazard to equipment Before removing any boards or internal connectors from the unit put the OPER STBY switch inside the unit in the STBY position and disconnect all batteries and chargers Wear a grounded wrist strap with impedance of approximately 1 MQ
107. e EpiSensor ES U accelerometers will draw essentially the same current as an ES T configured to use the standard post amplifier Both the K2 and Makalu recorders can firnish sufficient power for any duaksupply configuration of the EpiSensor Single supply versions will require power from another source and should not be powered from the standard K2 or Makalu external three channel input connector Power Supply Adapter Ratings The CE rated optional power supply charger is P N 109480 the standard power supply is P N 109485 They are rated as follows Power supply charger 109485 AC input voltage 90 265 VAC AC frequency 47 63 Hz AC current requirement 2 0A maximum 116 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Power supply charger 109480 AC input voltage 90 264 VAC ce AC frequency 47 63 Hz AC current requirement 2 0A maximum Operating Temperature The external operating temperature range for recorders using SanDisk cards depends on the options installed 4 channel K2 20 to 70 C 3 or 6 channel Makalu 20 to 70 C 6 channel K2 20 t0 65 C 12 channel K2 20 to 60 C For K2s using the optional PCMCIA hard drive the external operating temperature range should be limited to 0 to 45 C because the hard drives have a limited operating range In practice if the unit is continuously powered temperatures of 5 C are probably acceptable as the unit dissipates sufficient power
108. e cellular phone is enabled and when it calls out this enables the cellular phone to warm up Possible entries are O the default to 255 Note On windows may overlap and or cross midnight ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Here is an example of how to use these features You have a recorder in a remote area equipped with a cellular phone You would like to contact the unit every day at 8 P M for 10 minutes or 1f you miss this time at 10 P M for 10 minutes You would also like the unit to call you if it detects an event or loses power You have tested the cellular phone and found it is ready to make a call 5 seconds after power is applied You need to set the Cellular Warm Up to 5 seconds the Cellular Duration to 10 minutes and enable to CELLULAR ON times at 20 00 and 22 00 You will also need to enable the AutoCall mode You would issue the following commands in the EDIT window CEL DUR 10 CEL ON 1 20 00 CEL ON 2 22 00 CEL WAR 5 Digital Field Station The digital field station provides one of two possible real time data streams for receiving data from the instrument in real time In the CREF format the data is taken directly from the DSP after filtering and decimation to 100 samples per second and is sent as a simplex RS232 data stream to the front panel connectors This protocol can be used to implement a reaktime digital system using the IASPEI software suite Contact Kinemetrics for more informat
109. e conducted and radiated RF emissions requirements of the European Union a FerriShield KMI P N 840734 should be attached to this cable ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table 13 External sensor input ve en aa input to channel 1 differential input pre amplifier Input impedance 100kQ min Use for high side of single ended connection Channel 1 Input Makalu only 10V levels with respect to common Differential connection from to inputs 40Vp p full scale 2 ADC counts Negative signal input to channel 1 differential input pre amplifier Input impedance 100kQ min Must be connected to M Channel 1 Input common for single ended connection Makalu only 10V levels with respect to common Channel T common Ground Signal common for channel 1 input amplifier Use for internal shield a O conos Ground Se EIS O Calibration DAC signal to EpiSensor to provide step Cal DAC Output voltage Normally set to 0 except during FT event During the two step pulses the signal swings to 2 5V then to 2 5V then back to 0 za Cal Coil Enable Enables cal coil switch Main ground between external EpiSensor and recorder K2 12V DC power for EpiSensor or other similar sensor J 12V Output Makalu 13 75V DC for EpiSensor or other similar sensor K2 12V DC power for EpiSensor or other similar sensor H 12V Output Makalu 13 75V DC for EpiSensor or other simila
110. e to a small degree to the calculated values This small difference has no significant practical consequences Once an event is declared its LTA value is essentially frozen In the first approximation it remains constant until the event is over and recording stops This is a required condition to keep a realistic STA LTA ratio value for de triggering purposes Note that the STA LTA ratio should reflect the ratio of temporal earthquake signal to noise level prior to the event However in the recorder s algorithm a small signal energy leakage of the signal into the LTA is still allowed for the following reason In the rare case where man made seismic noise abruptly increases above the de trigger threshold level during event recording for example by switching on machinery close to the site a completely frozen LTA would not allow the STA LTA ratio to fall below de trigger threshold value at all In effect the event would last forever eating up all available memory Due to this small energy leakage the LTA still increases slowly with time thus decreasing the STA LTA ratio Eventually it becomes smaller than the de trigger threshold level and recording terminates ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION An additional refinement is built into the STA LTA trigger algorithm that improves the recording of some regional and many teleseismic events In many such events seismic energy arrives at seismic stations in e
111. ecaution to make sure the system will return to the correct operating mode after a field service visit Note Refer to the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide for more information about recorder and PC modem settings CELLULAR PHONE CONTROL The recorder has an external hardware line that can be programmed to provide a signal to turn power on to external equipment such as a cellular phone when the recorder needs to make a call or at certain times of the day to allow you to call the equipment To use this feature you must provide a relay to turn the power to the equipment on and off The recorder includes a CMOS compatible active high output to control the relay This feature saves power and preserves the instrument s power autonomy when the ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 55 56 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION communications equipment 1s powered from the same battery or solar charging system as the recorder These parameters must be set to use cellular power control Cellular Warm Up The time in seconds that the system will wait after asserting the power on signal before attempting to establish the connection This time should be set long enough for the telecommunications equipment to power up and be ready to make the connection Cellular Duration This is the time in minutes that the power will remain on at each time you have set to call in to the instrument If set to O the power will never be enabled If set to
112. ee Figure 19 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 43 44 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 19 Typical trigger filter response amplitude yo jae frequency Energy of desired signal 4 Energy of X seismic noise A Frequency The frequency response function of the seismic sensor modifies event and noise signals and thus is an important factor in your choice Ifthe frequency content of events and of seismic noise occur in the same frequency band the trigger filter will be inefficient The recorder has three band pass filters with different low and high corner frequencies Note that the corner frequencies scale according to the sampling rate Some examples are as follows An IIR A filter with a 100 Hz sampling rate can record regional events with broadband sensors Its 0 6 Hz low corner frequency gives some protection to the dominant component of natural marine seismic noise Its high corner frequency gives protection against excessive high frequency man made seismic noise An IIR A filter with a sampling rate of 200 or 250 Hz can monitor local earthquakes with efficient protection against marine noise m The classic strong motion filter at a sampling rate of 200 Hz or 250 Hz is used in typical strong motion applications m The low frequency corner of a classic strong motion filter at a sampling rate of 100 Hz can be used for far regional and tele seismic applications It has good protection against 20
113. elerometers If the offset of the internal EpiSensors measures more than 5 milli g they should be adjusted Chapter 2 contains adjustment instructions Replace the Desiccant To help maintain low humidity inside the recorder s enclosure Kinemetrics places a packet of desiccant inside to absorb any water vapor as well as a humidity indicator label that gives an approximate reading of the humidity level We normally place both items beside the battery in the battery compartment at the rear of the unit ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL Step 4 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Check the indicator during every orsite visit if the 50 relative humidity indicator dot is pink replace the desiccant We recommend that you replace the desiccant every 12 18 months You can order new desiccant packets and humidity indicators P N 700049 from Kinemetrics Complete a Functional Test Before Leaving the Site Before leaving the site retrieve and then delete any old files on the recorder s storage media Next perform a functional test and an SRT to leave data recorded in the unit Next perform a functional test and or an SRT and retrieve the files leaving them stored on the unit for the next visit This will allow verification of sensor parameters before and after subsequent events are recorded Make sure to reconnect any cables and telecommunications equipment that has been serviced and check that the main supply is connected This is where
114. ensor deck Make sure it 1s attached during normal operation for the lowest noise performance ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The mounting procedure described above is recommended by Kinemetrics If your recorder does not have an internal EpiSensor it is possible to use the two mounting methods described below Do not use these methods if your K2 has an internal EpiSensor SHELF MOUNTING If the recorder does not have an internal EpiSensor it can be mounted on a shelf as follows 1 2 Unscrew the leveling feet from the bottom of the recorder and remove Insert plastic wall anchors into the three threaded holes in the bottom of the unit Match and mark the positions of the threaded holes on the bottom of the shelf on which you intend to mount the recorder Screw three sheet metal screws from the bottom of the shelf up through the shelf until they protrude Place the recorder so the threaded holes are over the screw tips and then tighten screws up into the plastic wall anchors Alternately on a thicker shelf 1 Temporarily place the recorder in the correct position Mark the location of the recorder s mounting hole on the shelf Drill a hole with a 1 4 6 4mm drill through the shelf at this location 3 Insert a single 1 4 20 bolt through the hole from the bottom and into the recorder s mounting hole Install the sealing washer flat washer and nut as described in the F
115. ent site visits If your unit cannot be contacted via modem we recommend that you perform the following on site maintenance check every six months Note If you can use a modem connection to complete a system check remotely we recommend that you do an onsite maintenance check every 12 18 months depending on local weather and geophysical conditions If your recorder is located where growing vegetation could cover antennas or solar cells you will need to check the site more frequently Run Remote Check Tests When you make an on site visit complete the tests described in the Remote System Checks section The only difference is when running the system voltage check unplug the mains supply to the unit thus forcing it to run on its backup batteries Watch the internal battery voltage carefully If the battery is fully charged the voltage should drop rapidly to about 12 volts and stay there If the voltage drops within a few minutes to less than 11 7V either the battery was not completely charged or you need to replace the battery with a newer one Use a DVM to obtain a more accurate voltage just by measuring the voltage across the battery terminals while the battery powers the unit Under normal operating conditions we recommend that you replace the battery every three years Refer to the Replacing Batteries section for information on how to do this Caution Reconnect the power supply after completing this test Adjust the Acc
116. ents truncation of coda waves due to the LTA increasing too rapidly during events and thus decreasing STA LTA ratio too rapidly However this freezing is not complete allowing the trigger algorithm to prevent the unit from being permanently triggered by a rapid increase in seismic noise STA LTA Trigger Threshold Level The optimal STA LTA trigger threshold ratio depends mainly on seismic noise conditions at the site Higher noise levels particularly the man made kind require higher values Higher values result in fewer false triggers but ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION miss more earthquakes Lower STA LTA triggers make the station more sensitive but cause more false triggers to be recorded False triggers and missed events are an unavoidable reality when recording seismic signals in event triggered mode An initial setting of 4 for the STA LTA ratio is common for relatively quiet seismic sites Higher values of 8 and above are required at less favorable sites where man made seismic noise is present STA LTA De Trigger Threshold Level The STA LTA de trigger threshold level along with the post event time parameter determines when the recording will terminate The de trigger threshold is determined through a selectable STA LTA de trigger threshold percentage parameter and the current STA LTA trigger threshold value For example a STA LTA de trigger threshold level of 4 at an STA LTA trigger threshold
117. epending on the recorder options purchased m The Altus GPS Timing Systems User s Guide Doc 302205 the six channel Makalu does not accommodate an external GPS option at this time m Altus Gain Board Operation Instructions Doc 302206 m Altus Block Mode Communications Manual Doc 302218 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 1 Introduction DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m Terminal Mode Communications Manual Doc 302219 m EpiSensor User Guide Doc 301900 Kinemetrics is committed to ensuring a successful installation For assistance with planning installation operation or maintenance for a recorder installation please contact us Kinemetrics also has an extensive Services Group that can install and maintain instruments and analyze data For technical questions and assistance please e mail support kmi com Note Although this manual describes some basic preventive maintenance it is not intended as a service or repair manual The Kinemetrics K2 is a self contained four channel optionally six or 12 channel digital recorder When configured as an accelerograph it typically includes an internal triaxial force balance accelerometer EpiSensor and a built in GPS timing system The Kinemetrics Makalu digital recorder features a three channel 24 bit ADC DSP board that offers approximately 129 dB of dynamic range at 200 sps The dynamic range increases as the sample rate is decreased The Makalu is available as a three or si
118. ers in length the EpiSensor can be allowed to float Longer cables may require special consideration in deciding whether to tie the sensor ground to the Makalu power ground or to let it remain floating WARNING Potential electric shock hazard The grounding stud is not a protective earth ground If you connect the recorder to the mains supply make sure that the protective earth ground is provided by the PSA as described in the Connecting the Power Supply section Connecting Your PC Use an optional RS 232 cable P N 109475 to connect your computer to the recorder This cable is supplied as an accessory This section discusses how to complete the initial connection between your computer and the recorder Refer to the Verifying Basic Unit Operation section for how to verify proper operation of the connection Refer to the QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide for further information about the QuickTalk software The RS 232 cable has a 25 pin D connector that plugs into your computer If you have a laptop with a 9 pin connector use the connector changer to convert the 25 pin to 9 pins Then plug the 10 pin military style connector on the other end of the cable into the recorder port marked RS 232C To build your own RS 232 cable refer to the next figure ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 23 DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 9 RS 232 cable assembly SHOW 2 1 NEWS Ivan ONE 2 decise Zi P SC sn
119. es del suministro o entre el conductor del suministro y el polo a tierra Una conexi n con protecci n a tierra provista a trav s del conductor de tierra en la Fuente de Poder Cargador y su Cable de Energ a es esencial para una operaci n segura del registrador El PSA est dise ado para uso en interiores nicamente no tiene que ser sujeto a inmersi n en agua alta humedad o temperaturas sobre 70 C SISTEMA DE CARGA O BATER A PROVISTO POR EL USUARIO Si Usted provee su propio sistema de carga Usted tiene que estar seguro que el sistema proporciona el voltaje correcto y la corriente requerida por el sistema y solamente Usted es responsable por la seguridad de su sistema de carga Si Usted deriva energ a del suministro principal Usted tiene que asegurarse que ha provisto un polo a tierra adecuado a todo el equipo Si Usted suministra sus propias bater as Usted debe seguir las advertencias proporcionadas m s adelante BATER AS INTERNAS Usted debe manejar y reemplazar las bater as internas del Registrador en completa concordancia con las precauciones en este manual Usted debe ejercitar MAS PRECAUCION para asegurarse que los terminales de las ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL bater as no est n en cortocircuito por ning n instrumento met lico de ning n tipo Fuego y explosi n puede resultar Bajo ninguna circunstancia Usted dejar caer las bater as o intentar desensamblarlas Si Usted toma las bater as fuera del Regi
120. es the setting for the pre event time The maximum allowed setting is dependent on the amount of RAM in the recorder and the number of channels being recorded A table showing the maximum settings 1s contained in the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide QuickLook manual in the Setting Stream Parameters section POST EVENT TIME The post event time determines how many seconds after the system has de triggered will be recorded in the file It also determines how likely events are to be split into separate files This is because if the system re triggers during the post event the file will just be extended If the post event is set too short several files could be created from the same event We set the factory default at ten seconds which is a reasonable value for strong motion recording For weak motion recording this time should be set according to the goals of the study Generally a time of 30 seconds or more should be considered MINIMUM RUN TIME This is the minimum time the recorder will record once an event is triggered Formerly it was used to ensure a complete sequence of time code was recorded with the event but this is not required anymore Generally ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION the pre event and post event now give sufficient control over the event timing For this reason we set the factory default to zero seconds Channel Triggering Although you will need to read most
121. esents the first event since the system was restarted Every time you reset or restart the recorder the xx prefix 1s incremented and the event number is reset to 001 The event number can go up to 65535 before cycling back to 1 The xx ranges from AA to ZZ which represents 676 restarts before cycling back to AA It is therefore very unlikely to get two events with the same filename Retrieving Files To use QuickTalk to download event files from the recorder to your PC 1 From QuickTalk go to the desired drive by clicking on A or B button in the Directory window Double click on the directory entry to change to that directory double click on the entry to go up one level to the parent directory Double click on the filename to download that file After you download the files the recorder clears the archive bit in the file s directory entry Use QuickLook for Windows or another communication program to view recorder event files ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION To download files use the TX command in the Terminal window Once a file has been retrieved from the recorder to the PC you should probably delete 1t from the recorder in order to free up disk space Refer to the next section Managing Data Storage amp Deleting Files In order to free up disk space on the recorder delete files once you have saved them to your PC To delete a file from the recorder select the file
122. etup SELECTING CHANNELS TO RECORD Although the K2 may have four six or twelve channels and the Makalu three or six channels you may not need to record them all for a given experiment Select only those channels connected to sensors that are active in a specific experiment otherwise you will be wasting the recorder s memory on unwanted data Stream Parameter Selection The most important decision is what data to record and at what data rate This is a trade off between the bandwidth of the data and both the number of minutes of data you can record and how long the event will take to retrieve over a telephone line or other communications link To complete the setup refer to Setting Stream Parameters in the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide RECORDED DATA RATE The sampling rate you wish to record depends on the bandwidth of the signal you are interested in and the frequency response of the sensors connected to your system The useable bandwidth of the instrument is 40 of the sampling rate For example at 100 samples per second sps you can record signals in the 0 40 Hz range with 200 sps 0 80 Hz and with 250 sps 0 100 Hz A further restriction is the bandwidth of the sensor you are using If it is limited to 20Hz it would have no value recording at 200 or 250 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 39 40 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION sps as the sensor limits the bandwidth Historically strong motion recor
123. f the entire process come back and follow the instructions below step by step Normally you will only need to install the new application block Changes to the Boot Loader rarely occur but will be considerably more complex than the generic procedure described here 1 Insert the firmware disk into the appropriate drive in your PC We recommend that you copy the files from the floppy disk to a directory on your hard drive This will allow the download to go faster If you downloaded the file via FTP find those files on your hard drive 2 Use Notepad or another text editor to read the new firmware disk s Readme file as well as any accompanying documentation Caution If the documentation that accompanies the firmware differs from the procedure described here follow the new documentation supplied with the firmware update 3 Start QuickTalk and open the Terminal window Or use any terminal program that supports the XMODEM CRC transfer protocol Note Itis possible to reload firmware remotely to a recorder equipped with a modem or communication device In this case the K2 must be reset remotely using the SYSTEM LOAD command not the SYSTEM RESET command which is used for local firmware reloading 4 Reset the recorder in one of the following ways m Use the SYSTEM RES ET command m Flip the OPER STBY toggle switch ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 87 88 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m Use the SYSTEM LOAD com
124. f the total number of WR 1s connected to one K2 exceeds the above numbers then either a junction box or an external battery box must be used to provide power for the WR 1 The junction box is P N 501720 25 PL and the battery box is P N 106835 03 PL for DC and P N 106835 04 PL for AC Options on the Auxiliary Connector 146 This section describes how to use some of the hardware features available on the auxiliary I O connector Interconnected Units and Common Triggering LOCAL INTERCONNECT METHOD Prepare an interconnect cable that includes the signals as shown in the wiring diagram included as Figure 55 One unit should be designated as a master unit It will supply an IRIG time code signal to the entire group or array of interconnected recorders in the rare event that the GPS does not provide common timing Additional information on the electrical characteristics of the interconnect signals can be found in Table 13 auxiliary pin descriptions PARAMETER SETTINGS FOR INTERCONNECTED UNITS A few parameters must be set properly to ensure that the interconnected groups of recorders operate correctly They are m Pre Event Time m Post Event Time Stream SPS Minimum Run Time These should be set to legal values and should be the same for all recorders Otherwise the files will not be time aligned ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m External Trigger Votes The external trigger should have e
125. g additional tools m Soldering iron electric or butane Small screwdriver Wire cutters Wire strippers Long nose pliers Utility knife A drill electric or battery powered Cable tie wraps A crimping tool A short length of insulated braid An extension cord or a small generator for AC power if butane powered soldering irons and battery powered drills are not available FOR AN EXTERNAL EPISENSOR Refer to the EpiSensor ES T User Guide It details the tools and equipment required for making a cable to connect the EpiSensor to the recorder and provides instructions about how to mount the sensor ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Required Supplies m Material to make grounding straps for the recorder m Solder with rosin core flux m An assortment of heat shrink tubing cable tie wraps and electrical tape Required Equipment An IBM compatible portable laptop PC A portable printer to print tests and other commissioning data Kinemetrics RS 232C cable to link a PC to the recorder A battery powered digital volt meter DVM to adjust the zero level of the EpiSensor and other system checkout functions A compass to check the orientation of the sensors A camera to photograph the completed installations for the commissioning report Practice Assembly Once you have assembled the tools supplies and equipment listed above we recommend that you run through a practice assembly following th
126. he recorder to the earth ground For the conductor you should at least use a heavy gauge wire or better yet a copper strap or copper braid Connect this conductor to the recorder s case grounding stud near the bottom center of the recorder s front panel Then connect the other end of the conductor grounding strap to the selected earth ground If the recorder has sensor connectors mounted on its cover you must also connect the rear case grounding stud to the ground connection Note Ifthe recorder is powered by the optional PSA the third pin earth connection of the PSA AC plug provides the safety ground To ensure the unit s low noise performance you must still connect the recorder s grounding stud to a good earth ground as described above ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION THE MAKALU Common Mode Voltage amp EpiSensor Grounding The analog front end and analog to digital converter sections in the Makalu are 100 isolated from the DSP and MCU sections by optical isolators capacitive isolators and DC DC converters This also includes EpiSensor power There is a 5 5V transient suppression device on the input board This means that the commor mode voltage between the sensor ground and Makalu power ground must still be kept to near zero This isolation allows the EpiSensor and Makalu to share a common ground at only one point If an EpiSensor is connected to the Makalu with a short cable a few met
127. he various packet types The SDS consists of a series of blocks each containing a data header and the specified number of samples for a selected channel Each block of data is wrapped inside a serial data packet which includes the SDS data header and a trailer used for error correction Each block has a unique data sequence number allowing it to be identified and to allow the host to request retransmission of packets with errors Each block also contains a time tag relating the data to UTC time The instrument can create up to six streams with each stream containing one channel of data Currently the instrument must be recording at and the streams must be sent at 100 samples per second The instrument has a serial data stream command buffer to process commands on a first in first out basis It also has two separate block buffers one for normal block flow and one for resend retry requests The instrument buffers a number of data blocks in a temporary file FSSTRBUF BIN The maximum size of the temporary file is specified by the parameter BUFFER_ SIZE While a block is still in the buffer it can be resent if requested by the host Three communication modes are currently supported as discussed below MODE 1 Mode 1 is intended for one way transmissions from the instrument to a host computer with software to decode and display the samples Transmissions start automatically after reset Mode 1 also supports full duplex channels The instru
128. hich is the time from when the CPPC line is enabled until the call is actually started modem goes off hook can also be set The CPPC line is enabled for WARMUP time in seconds before an outgoing call and held on for two seconds after the call However the CPPC line will remain enabled after the end of the window if a user is still connected If a user disconnects outside of an or window the system will wait five minutes before timing out and turning the CPPC off ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 151 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION If a user loses a connection there is a five minute window to reconnect If the user terminates the call using the ANSWERMODE or CALLMODE command the CPPC bit is disabled shortly after entering ANSWER CALL mode USING CALL IN CALL OUT WINDOWS FOR TIMED RECORDING The recorder can be made to record at specific times during the day by using the Call In Call Out times This can be useful for diagnostic testing To use this technique set up the Call In Call Out window times for when you want the K2 or Makalu to record as discussed in Chapter 3 Set the minimum run time for the length of time you want the to record and use a short duration for the call out Give the External Trigger sufficient votes to trigger the system Solder the CPPC pin Pin F to the External Trigger Pin G on an auxiliary I O mating connector Now every time the CPPC line is enabled the unit will trigger Connecting An External Battery
129. hip set The digital filter operates at a constant 2000 sps output word rate OWR Its response is shown in the figure below from the Crystal CS5322 data sheet At 2000 sps OWR the 3dB point is 824 3Hz There are three separate CS5321 22 chipsets each with its own voltage reference Each also employs a zeroing switch to ensure that input to the modulator is grounded during its calibration phase at startup ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 33 CS5322 filter response Note 13 Gsg 130 dB for all Output Word Rates dB 0 3 GsB 130 5 wis A ji wm M 2 f DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR Data passes into the 24 bit DSP chip operating at approximately 40MHz which performs the filtering required to produce the final output sample rate The filters in the DSP chip are designed to provide over 160 dB of antralias filtering at the final output rate Nyquist frequency Note Such a brickwall filter response is practically impossible to achieve with analog filtering alone due to the number of poles required and the variability of the analog components The DSP sends the filtered and decimated data to the MCU It also calculates whether a channel is triggered by filtering the data through a trigger filter and using a threshold or STA LTA trigger If a channel meets the triggering criteria this information is sent to the MCU This digital signal processing is exp
130. hold Threshold Trigger Threshold 2 000 FS 2 000 FS 2 000 FS Detrigger Threshold 2 000 FS 2 000 FS 2 000 FS STA LTA STA Length sec HERA Fee eS TA Length sec gt Trigger Ratio See Ser Detrigger of Trigger ee See ee Alarm Trig Threshold 2 000 FS 2 000 FS 2 000 FS Votes al 1 1 Anti alias Filter Non causal Network Master Votes 1 External Trigger OFF Votes 1 Keyboard Trigger Votes 1 Strea Votes to trigger 1 Votes to detrigger 1 GPS Free Field GPS turn On interval 30 minutes s GPS maximum On time 30 minute s All times as set manually or 0 hour s from UTC if from GPS Clock Source RTC from cold start GPS Status byte decoded ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 161 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION GPS present GPS not locked GPS power is ON GPS state of health byte same as Acutime SOH byte Don t have GPS time yet GPS updated the RTC 0 times since last reset Drift at last two RTC updates to UTC 0 O msec Last GPS Update times were 1 1 1980 1 00 00 00 amp 1 1 1980 1 00 00 00 Last GPS TurnOn times were 2 1 2001 32 12 56 21 amp 2 1 2001 32 12 26 21 Last GPS Lock times were 1 1 1980 1 00 00 00 amp 1 1 1980 1 00 00 00 Count of times GPS failed to lock within gpsMaxTurnOnTime 21 Modem strings NULL TERMINATED from event header Initialization AT FE08 C1S0 16W Dialing Prefix ALTUS Dialing Suffix Hangup command ATHO Callou
131. ickLook Software User s Guide manual for Setting Stream Parameters CHANNEL WEIGHTS T RIGGER DETRIGGER VOTES The mechanics of this are relatively simple You select the number of votes each channel will contribute when it is triggered to the total number of votes required to trigger the system Give zero votes to a channel that you do not want to affect the triggering Give a positive number of votes to a channel you do want to contribute to the triggering Give negative votes to a channel you wishto inhibit triggering TRIGGER WEIGHT This is the total number of votes required to get the system to trigger KEYBOARD VOTES If you want to trigger the unit from a keyboard for test purposes give the keyboard trigger the same number of votes as the total trigger weight so that it will trigger the unit by itself without any other channels being triggered ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 51 52 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION EXTERNAL VOTES This is the number of votes you assign to the external hardware trigger source If you want all units in the network to trigger when one unit triggers assign it the same number of votes as the trigger weight If you want to use a combination of an external trigger with other internal criteria set the votes appropriately EXAMPLES OF VOTING SCHEMES Classic Free Field Site Normally uses a three channel internal EpiSensor with no interconnected units Each channel has 1 vote and requires only
132. imilar to this Status for Recorder S N 675 Restart Counts 235 reset status 20 Restart Time Apr 17 1997 19 30 52 000 Current Time Apr 17 997 19 51 37 000 GPS GPS ON Events 2 Errors 0 Acquisition ON NOT TRIGGERED Alarm NOT TRIGGERED Battery 13 0 V Temperature 32 2 C PEM Banks 1 Drive A 20 MB FREE B NOT READY ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION This screen allows you to check the unit s temperature and battery voltage and verify that the timing works and is being synchronized by GPS This screen also indicates the memory available on the PCMCIA drive and how many events have been recorded since the last time you cleared the event counter Compare the entry in the Restart Counts field with the count at your hst maintenance visit Each time the reset count is incremented it means the system went through a reset due to either loss of power or some other event The cause of the last reset is shown as the reset status Be aware of these two codes Code 80H indicates either the power to the recorder was turned off or the recorder lost power If you didn t turn off the power this means the recorder probably lost power for a long enough time to discharge the battery backup You should investigate why this happened Code 20H indicates the recorder reset itself from either a software wat
133. inemetrics for specific information about implementing this feature Kinemetrics Network Management System program also performs this function Finding Files Filenames are standard DOS filenames The recorder uses file extensions to describe the file contents The extensions can be one of the following m par Communications parameter file created with the EDIT SAVE command or in QuickTalk m evt Event file created automatically when an event is detected and acquisition is on To display the file directory use the QuickTalk directory window or enter DIR in the Terminal window Each directory entry has a file status string Table 4 describes the meaning of each status code ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 65 66 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table 3 File status codes D Deleted file Read only files The file archive bit is set The archive bit is set for new or modified files Archive bit is reset when you download the file When an event is detected the recorder automatically records it to an evt file The recorder uses the restart counter the number of times the application program was restarted and the event number which is always reset to zero when the application program is restarted to create a unique filename The event filename is in the form xxnnn evt where xx are the two alphabetic characters formed from the number of times the system was restarted The nnn is the event number 001 repr
134. ion All rights reserved No part of this publication may be copied photocopied reproduced transmitted transcribed or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior written consent of Kinemetrics Inc Kinemetrics Inc 222 Vista Avenue Pasadena CA 91107 USA Phone 626 795 2220 M Fax 626 795 0868 E mail services kmi com Technical Support support kmi com Website www kinemetrics com Kinemetrics SA Le Tresi 3 1028 Preverenges Switzerland Phone 21 803 2829 M Fax 21 803 2895 E mail kmi_sa bluewin ch REPLACE THIS PAGE WITH Kinemetrics standard Warranty Card which begins We warrant each new product manufactured by us for a period of one year from date of Declaration of Conformity WE KINEMETRICS INC 222 VISTA AVENUE PASADENA CA 91107 USA hereby declare that the equipment specified conforms to the following Directives and Standards Product Name Kinemetrics Altus K2 Systems Product Description Strong Motion Recording Systems Model Number s K2 12 channel K2 6 channel K2 4 channel GPS Option Modem Option External Sensors Option FBA 23 FBA 23DH Directives 89 336 EEC 73 23 EEC 93 68 EEC Standards Safety EN 61010 1 EMC EN 55022 Class A EN 50082 2 Supplementary Information Pasadena CA USA 14 August 1997 J LA IAN M STANDLEY VICE PRESIDENT ENGINEERING DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table of Contents Safety 1 Getting Star
135. ion on setting up an IASPEI central recording station Please note that the data stream is not time tagged is a one way link and truncates the data to 16 bits These compromises allow the use of low cost one way radio systems HARDWARE CONNECTION TO DIGITAL FIELD STATION The front panel connection for the RS 232 three wire external connection for the digital field station is on the auxiliary I O connector J4 Use the mating connector supplied in the accessory kit to connect this option ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 57 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Pin Definition A DSPRXD RS232 input not used L DSPTXD RS232 output N P R T U GND OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL FIELD STATION PROTOCOLS There are two protocols provided CRLF and KMI CRLF This protocol transmits 1 2 or 3 channels at 100 sps The data format consists of a string of 16 bit data one for each selected channel delimited by a carriage return and a line feed lt LF gt lt chl high gt lt ch1 low gt lt ch2 high gt lt ch2 low gt lt ch3 high gt lt ch3 low gt lt CR gt When the instrument sample rate is 200 the DFS data stream is filtered and decimated to 100 sps before output The DFS cannot be selected when the instrument is recording at 250 sps Note that the data is truncated to the high two bytes of the 24 bit data words The 4800 baud rate will only support one channel and the CRLF protocol is limited to any three channels Note The KMI protocol is a project
136. is concrete pad to bedrock If you are using the recorder with broadband sensors it must be placed in a seismic vault with a pier on which to mount the sensors This vault will need to not only protect the instrument as in the case of the free field accelerograph but also must provide a stable mounting structure and insulate the sensors from ambient temperature variations It should be a low noise site for optimal operation Masts for antennas GPS wireless communication and solar cells should be mounted some distance from the sensor vault to prevent wind induced noise from contaminating the data Kinemetrics has several application notes that can help you install a broadband sensor network ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Provide the recorder with a good earth ground Proper grounding depends greatly on the humidity of the soil at the site For average humidity soil an effective earth ground can be made by wiring the case grounding stud to a 6 to 8 long copper rod embedded in the ground If no AC power is available a solar charging system is required Refer to the Advanced Installations section of this manual for more information If the recorder has a GPS system the GPS antenna will need a suitable mounting mast A telephone line or other communication link is required to communicate with the recorder remotely STRUCTURAL MONITORING INSTALLATIONS In a structural monitoring installation you provi
137. ith an internal EpiSensor m Shelf mounting m Wall mounting Note For K2s with internal EpiSensors the unit must be securely coupled to the ground to accurately record ground motion In units ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 17 18 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION without sensors secure the recorder in such a way that it will not fall off its mounting during the intense shaking of an earthquake The unit has a single hole in the base for a 1 4 6 4 mm bolt To attach the recorder to the mounting surface use the mounting kit shipped with the recorder It includes a heavy duty wedge type expansion anchor stud with 1 4 20 thread a flat washer a sealing washer and a nut The following figures show the details of such an installation FLOOR MOUNTING RECOMMENDED Users with a K2 unit with an internal EpiSensor must mount the unit as described in this procedure Note Leveling and orientation are not required for operation of recorders without internal sensors but doing so will result in a more professional looking installation Anchor the recorder unit to a concrete floor if possible Prepare the recorder for mounting as follows 1 Be sure that each of the recorder s leveling feet are screwed into place 2 Remove the recorder s cover and set it aside WARNING Burn or fire hazard Do not short the battery terminals with metallic conductors such as a screwdriver or pliers The battery can provide up to 80 amps of
138. lained in detail in the Software Reference section OTHER ADC DSP FEATURES The Makalu ADC DSP card also contains two isolated and heavily filtered power converters to power the EpiSensors and other sensors as well as the analog to digital converter chips The board also contains a phase locked loop oscillator circuit designed to minimize clock jitter in the delta sigma converter s digital clock This technology combined with a multilayer ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 105 106 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION circuit board with guarded traces accounts for the ADC DSP board s excellent low noise performance The ADC DSP board also contains a control line for the calibration coil enable signal and a 16 bit DAC to produce a calibration sequence for the EpiSensor The ADC DSP board also contains a serial EEPROM that contains the board s serial number assembly drawing and revision levels and its ADC scale correction coefficients ADC DSP Board J umper Configuration 109440 K2 ADC DSP BOARD Two jumpers are used to configure the board for use as a primary channels 1 6 or secondary channels 6 12 ADC DSP board The following figure shows jumpers X1 X2 X6 and X5 identified with circles Each has a 2 mm push on shunt Jumper X5 controls the board s base address and IRQ Jumper X6 configures the ID EPROM to respond as device 4 or 12 primary or secondary respectively In addition to the above reference jumpers j
139. loor Mounting section Tighten the nut to firmly hold the recorder in place WALL MOUNTING If mounting the recorder on a wall is your only option and your K2 does not contain an internal EpiSensor you can do the following 1 Use a bracket sturdy enough to hold the recorder The bracket must have bolt holes that line up with the three 1 4 32 holes in the recorder s baseplate the leveling feet holes Screw the nuts and bolts firmly together through the bracket and the recorder s base Alternately use a single 1 4 20 bolt to secure the recorder Grounding the Recorder All users should complete this procedure You must provide the recorder with a good low impedance earth ground before operating it for the following reasons ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 21 22 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m To maintain the recorder as a highly sensitive low noise seismic recorder m To shunt ESD transients lightning induced transients and EMI RFI transients to ground ce To meet the requirements of the European Community s EMI RFI directives Determine what earth ground you will connect the recorder to A good earth ground includes the following m a metal plumbing pipe that is eventually buried in the ground m a copper ground rod staked in soil m a well engineered electrical grounding system or m steel reinforcing rods that protrude from a concrete foundation Prepare the conductor you plan to use to connect t
140. mand to load firmware remotely via an internal PCMCIA modem See Altus Monitor Mode Communications Document 302219 for details on the use of the SYSTEM LOAD command After the header appears a series of dots displays at the bottom of the screen 5 Press the SPACE BAR The Boot Loader main menu will appear looking something like the list below Boot Loader Menu Commands lt A gt Install new Application program lt B gt Install new Boot Loader program lt E gt EEPROM diagnostics lt P gt Parameter block erase lt S gt Set new baud rate lt Q gt Quit and perform system reset lt X gt Exit and restart Boot Loader without system reset Enter Command A B E S Q Note As of application code version 2 88 the Application and DSP blocks have been combined into one The Boot Loader no longer provides the option of separately loading the DSP block If you need to reload the Boot Loader program follow the steps below If you do not need to reload the Boot Loader proceed to Step 10 Caution When loading the Boot Loader follow all instructions exactly This is a critical process where power must be maintained at all times 6 Enter B to load the new Boot Loader and enter Y to confirm the selection CCC displays on the next available line This indicates that the Boot Loader is ready to receive new code You have just under 40 seconds to start loading the firmware Select Transfer and XMODEM Send from
141. ment will respond to control packets from the host to start stop the stream packets and request retransmission of specific packets MODE 2 Mode 2 requires that the host send a continuation packet and every N packets The timeout is intended to shut off transmission after a fixed time This limits the wasted bandwidth if the host goes down If the host detects an error in a received packet it may request a retransmission of that packet MODE 3 Mode 3 is a full handshaking mode with packet flow controlled by the host The host may queue up to 256 requests in the instrument thus maintaining the data stream from the instrument where no channel errors or host buffer overflow occurs If the host detects an error in a received packet it may request a re transmission of that packet ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 59 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION CONFIGURING THE SERIAL DATA STREAM The parameters that control the serial data stream can be set using the QuickTalk parameter editor as described in the QuickTalk amp QuickLook User s Guide The buffer size should be large enough to buffer the blocks when other RS 232 traffic is using the RS 232 port but not so large that nothing is left for recording event files The recorder s default buffer is 1Mb 64 16k blocks However in order to minimize wear we recommend making the buffer as large as possible e g for an 80Mb flash card set the buffer to 40Mb The transmission baud
142. mic recording instrument manufacturers also support this range m Either one or two Makalu 3 channel 24 bit ADC DSP boards can be installed in the card cage A plug in shield board is installed in the third slot in the card cage to reduce system induced noise m The Makalu can be used with gain boards They are installed in the location reserved for EpiSensors in the K2 m The 4th channel ADC input is not available via the Auxiliary connector The Makalu ADC DSP board is based on a 3 channel configuration m The ADC section is fully isolated to mitigate system level grounding problems m Internal EpiSensor decks and PCMCIA hard drives are not offered due to the increased dynamic range of the recorder m The External GPS Option is currently not offered in the 6 channel version The connector location normally reserved for this feature is used for channels 4 6 m Other than the 40Vp p input all other characteristics of the I O connectors are identical to the K2 m A Calibrate command has been added to the DG menu however this is intended for factory use only Do not use the Calibrate command There are sufficient chances to cancel the command if it is inadvertently issued This command allows firmware calibration to 0 1 accuracy of ADC span OPTIMIZING MAKALU PERFORMANCE Kinemetrics suggests that an AQ OFF AQ ON sequence be issued after the Makalu has been allowed to stabilize its internal temperature and well after GPS has been ac
143. mple period EAN mSec METER mSec oe i Tee EC MAKALU GROUP DELAY The Makalu also compensates for the group delay of its digital filters its net group delay is effectively zero Table 15 Corrections made by the MCU in the Makalu Non causal Causal Sample period BET mSec aoa mSec Be Lo 2350 1200 225 1120 340 oo so o o O E a er ME The figure below shows the compensated group delay IRIG E time code from a source that is known to be accurate to GPS is recorded on the analog channels The analog inputs are driven with an operrcollector driver so slow fall time is due to the effects of the pull up resistor and input capacitors Rise time is short enough for the test The Makalu s generated IRIG E time code is looped back to its own IRIG input to show its internal time which is also locked to GPS Note that the positive edges of the two IRIG time codes are lined up ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL 127 128 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 40 Example of Makalu group delay test STA LTA Triggering The STA LTA trigger in the recorder has several novel features in the algorithm to improve performance These algorithms are described below For computational reasons sliding window averages are not calculated but exponentially weighted averages are used Consequently not only the samples during the STA or LTA windows determine their values but also previous samples contribut
144. n its own sensor channels The external trigger input while participating in the decision to trigger and open a file in a particular unit is not included in the decision to assert the external trigger output If it were the entire group of recorders would latch up and continue to record until their storage devices filled up The parameter considerations for common triggering are the same for both local and extended interconnect methods When master slave or shared GPS operation is available the appropriate parameter settings will be described in the supplementary operating instructions Hardware Timing Options IRIG Connections IRIG connections are made on the J4 AUX IO connector on the front panel Pin C is IRIGIN and pin D is IRIGOUT When using a single instrument or configuring a master unit in an interconnected array the IRIGOUT must be connected to IRIGIN in order to have IRIG code recorded There are two types of IRIG code available IRIG E and IRIG H IRIG E consists of 10 second time frames and IRIG H onsists of 60 second time frames The type of IRIGOUT can be selected in the Terminal window at the Edit prompt To select IRIG E enter IRIG 1 To select IRIG H enter IRIG 2 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 149 150 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION IRIGIN Available on AUX IO connector pin C IRIGIN is the time code input for recording purposes This input is compatible with IRIG E and H formats sampled at K2 sample ra
145. n with a bandwidth of approximately 200 Hz Selecting a particular resistor value sets the full scale range The resistor values are determined by a high accuracy network so the range can be set at 0 25g 0 5g 1g 2g and 4g without re calibrating the sensor span The capacitor and overall loop gain are selected along with the resistor to ensure an identical transfer function on each range This is why two sets of jumpers must be changed together to modify the range The voltage output of the resistor capacitor network is set at 2 5V for the acceleration value corresponding to the particular range For example with the 2g range a lg acceleration would cause a 1 25V output on the 4g range 1g would result in a 0 625V output This voltage is then passed into the low power amplifier which amplifies the signal by either 1 or 4 selected by jumpers to give a single ended output of either 2 5V or 10V A precision resistor network also determines this gain value Features of the Internal EpiSensor Deck CAL COIL Each EpiSensor module is equipped with a calibration coil Applying a current to this coil simulates the effect of an acceleration applied to the sensor This allows a much more thorough check of the sensor s performance than older techniques as a full range of test signals can be applied to the sensor The calibration coils are open circuit in normal use to prevent cross talk and noise pick up To utilize the calibration coil remo
146. nd passwords 39 sensor settings 39 serial data stream 39 parameters alarm threshold 41 channel trigger 38 data storage 38 digital field station 39 station 37 39 stream 38 trigger voting 38 voting 51 PC connecting RS 232 cable 23 PCMCIA board 6 modem 32 preparing new cards 53 removing cards 67 SanDisks 6 slots 6 PCMCIA modem 9 post event time 40 power assembly ALTUS K2 DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 Revision G switch 5 converter 102 external port 5 Power optional CE rated charger 116 supervisor chip 112 power requirements dynamic 31 power supply wide input DC 26 pre event time 40 ProComm 15 PSA 4 line voltages 27 Q QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide 1 R recorder orientation 13 recording range 29 RJ 11 jack 32 RS 232 cable 23 interface 113 port 6 RS 232 cable 23 RS 232 cable25 pin D connector 23 S safety ground 22 sampling rate 39 supported 40 SDS serial data stream configuring 60 seismic noise local 10 seismic vault 10 sensor broadband 10 sensors orientation 13 serial data stream SDS configuring 60 serial data streams SDS 58 site low noise 10 site response hard rock 10 software ALTUS K2 DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL installation 15 solar charging system 11 spread spectrum radios 154 SS 1 144 SSR 1 Ranger 144 STA LTA adjusting trigger parameters 45 47 algorithm 46 de trigger thre
147. ndard It is often referred to as 10V differential or 40Vp p differential A 20V differential signal will produce 2 ADC counts and a 20V differential signal will produce 2 ADC counts The uncompensated full scale accuracy of the Makalu is around 1 The DSP performs a scale correction to provide better than 0 1 accuracy In actuality the span error 1s closer to 0 01 The following passage from our design validation report shows the excellent level of crosstalk The level of crosstalk was virtually undetectable The function generator was swept between 1Hz and 50Hz in discrete steps Additionally static tests at 10Hz were performed Driving any two channels at near full scale produced no detectable crosstalk on any non driven channel Caution Do not connect external signals directly to the Makalu ADC DSP board without adequate transient protection as serious damage to the Makalu could result ISOLATION BARRIER All power clock control and data connections between the control logic and the ADCs are 100 galvanically isolated This includes the power for the preamplifiers and the EpiSensors This greatly reduces the effects of system induced noise It also helps avoid system level ground loops by allowing the sensor and front end to be tied to the digital and power sections at one and only one point ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION The Makalu ADC DSP board is based on the Crystal Semiconductor CS5321 and CS5322 24 bit c
148. ng circuitry VDC Input The recorder s battery charge regulator is currently limited at approximately 600 mA If the recorder is to be powered by a 12V DC source connect it to this pin F Ground One of three power ground pins provided All imputs are transient protected The maximum steady state voltage applied to the 12V inputs must be limited to less than 14V The voltage applied to the 24V input must be limited to less than 26V Caution The inputs are reverse voltage protected however permanent reverse connection to a battery will eventually damage the battery The mating connector is an FCI P N 851 06EC10 6SN50 not supplied with the recorder but automatically furnished if you purchase Kinemetrics wide input power supply assembly The mating connector can be purchased alone as Kinemetrics P N 851024 Auxiliary The auxiliary I O connector provides access to the recorder trigger alarm timing digital data stream and channel4 sensor input A 12 VDC output 1s also provided to furnish power for external accessories 120 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table 12 Auxiliary pin descriptions 5 RS 232C RS 232C serial data input used for digital data stream interface Input Refer to Detailed Electrical Interface and Table 11 for more information ALARMOUT Type 1 This line goes low when recorder alarm criteria are exceeded Output It is latched until reset with Clea
149. ng resistor should be computed as follows Rar Ra x 200 200 Ra where Rar Final damping resistor value Kohms Ract SS 1 damping resistor for 0 7 critical damping from data calibration card value in Kohms 200 Combination of the two 200 kQ bias return resistors already present in the circuit Figure 54 To connect an SS 1 to the K2 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION SS 1 CONNECTED TO A K2 OR MAKALU WITH GAIN BOARD When the SS 1 is connected to a K2 with a gain board the damping resistor must be installed on he gain board The value of the damping resistor should be computed as indicated in the gain board operating instructions The connection can be made using the same cable drawing 501755 without installing the damping resistor on the SS 1 connector side because 1t is already installed on the gain board Refer to the gain board operating manual KMI Document 302206 for more details on these topics In this case the value of the damping resistor can be computed using the following formula Ract 200 x Ra 200 Ra where Ract Required damping resistor in Kohms Ra SS 1 damping resistor for 0 7 critical damping from data calibration card value in Kohms 200 Combination of the 200 kQ bias return resistors already present in the circuit of the gain boards Caution It is important that the passive attenuator is not used with a passive sensor It is designed to s
150. nnecting an FBA 11 to the K2 JUNCTION l fm Ta her L el gH e e N BR pe FH et xe TT SE ee e N pH Cu ET CH 2 k2 851 06EC14 19PNS0 BLK A ESSE MH gez CH 3 101 gt SS FF Fe eee H gern e E AA PTO6E 1e 10S SR 3 REQ D KINENETRICS CABLE BELDEN CABLE 700277 9874 LENGTH AS REQUIRE 5 FT o ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL 143 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Passive Seismometers 144 This section describes the use of the recorder with a passive seismometer Specific details of connecting a Kinemetrics SS 1 are given The information can be used to connect and configure passive seismometer or geophones from other manufacturers Connecting an SS 1 The SS 1 Ranger seismometer is a passive electromagnetic sensor with a constant generator of 340V m s in open circuit The SS 1 can be connected to a K2 with or without a gain board The SS 1 can be connected to an Makalu with or without a gain board A gain board is recommended for optimum system performance SS 1 CONNECTED TO A RECORDER WITHOUT A GAIN BOARD When the SS 1 is connected to an Makalu or a K2 without a gain board the damping resistor can be mounted in the connector that is attached to SS 1 This resistor has a typical value of 4 75 Kohms The exact value of the resistor can be taken from the SS 1 data calibration card Considering the input impedance of the K2 the dampi
151. not changed Kinemetrics can provide training on these procedures and set up a preventive maintenance program If you prefer to set up your own maintenance program we suggest you follow the recommendations below You should maintain your network on a consistent basis in order to provide the highest quality data Performing a Three Month System Check During the first three months after installation you should verify the Operation of the recorder to make sure the instrument is configured correctly and that the installation is functioning properly At three months we recommend that you visit the recorder site and follow the procedures described in the Regular Maintenance Check section This will allow you to see how the equipment is functioning and if the conditions at the site are as you expect remote systems check cannot tell you if the unit is submerged in muddy water If you still wish to perform the check remotely see the Remote Systems Check section At this time you may also want to decide whether the instrument parameters are optimally set to meet your scientific objectives If you wish to revise the instrument settings refer back to the Setting Instrument Parameters section in Chapter 3 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 73 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Performing a Regular Maintenance Check 74 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Follow the procedure described below for the initial three month system check and subsequ
152. nough votes to trigger the unit assigned to it Normally the number of votes should be equal to the weight If the weight is one one vote is sufficient Figure 55 Interconnecting with the local interconnect method DIODES ARE TYPE 1N4148 OR EQUIVILANT EXTERNAL 12V STANDEY POWER HUN ZX 4245 OWN 3 6 E MOJ2q JA D AY YHA EPu0Og auod 34044 SDY60 YHM SHUN UD poumbau 310 SMAC o 7 9 x n Z o Gu A o ALARA BUT 5 z IRIGIN 2 v TRIGIN 5 al CRIGOUT Q o TICKSTART c D OH OTRA TRIGOUT B TRIGO z A CHANGNI 3 k gt nv DSPTXD ae L DIODES ARE C LEVOUT N TYPE 1N4148 5 S N OR EQUIVILANT 2 n EXTERNAL 5 H2V STANDEY POWER c 3 AUX I D u o a gt FUN 2x Saris AUX 1 0 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 147 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION TIMING CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTERCONNECTED UNITS It is preferable if at least the master unit has a GPS timing option This is essential if the data recorded by the group of interconnected recorders will ever need to be correlated with data recorded by another recorder or group of recorders m If no GPS is available and an IRIG time code must be used for common timing 1t will be necessary to process the files and align their starting and ending points to the points in time MASTER SLAVE OR SHARED GPS OPERATION Altus recorders can operate with GPS in one of two modes Free field mode is the traditional
153. nsors ese eeseceeceeeeeesceceneceseeeseeesaees 29 Adjustment Instructions ae ni 30 Maximizing EpiSensor Performance 31 Connecting the Internal Modem 32 Connecting a GPS Timing System 33 Setting Up Optional Gain Boards 35 Connecting External Moden nen ie ni hassen 34 Preparing a Modem Cable una ae ee 34 Connecting to a Telephone System 35 Verifying Modem Operation 35 Powernne Down ar Ill 35 Documenting the Installation 36 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 3 Configuring Operating Instruments A Ge nee ne E es eet ime teres et 37 Configuring Instruments sucia 37 Station Parameter Selection nia 222 39 Selecting Channels to Record u a 39 Stream Parameter Selecton 2225 4 ni 39 Recorded Data Rates mines Re Msn 39 Pre Event Line fers ee eisen 40 Post Eyent Time cuid 40 Minimum Run Time unio apando 40 Channel Tregenne zer Bene 41 Triggering in Strong Motion Applications 41 SEL ee 41 Triggering in Weak Motion Applications 42 Causal Filters SRE NS 42 Treger F ES a iia 43 STA LTA A SSSR anne tn 45 Trigger Voting Parameters iii ae 51 Channel Weights Trigger Detrigger Votes 51 Trigger A a Bea 51 Keyboard VO ads 51 External Vol ee dig 52 Examples of Voting Schemes ooooococnnocconncccnoncnnnonacinonaninnncn n 52 Data Storage Configuration 52 Primary amp Secondary Storage 52 Tree or Flat File System ea ea 33
154. nt l alimentation chargeur d crit ci dessous ou du 12 VDC fourni par votre propre batterie externe ou syst me d alimentation solaire Le Enregistreur est aussi quip de sa propre batterie interne d crit ci dessous qui permet d alimenter le syst me en cas de perte d alimentation externe Vous devez observer toutes les pr cautions de s curit pour toutes les diff rentes possibilit s d alimentation OPTION ALIMENTATION CHARGEUR Si vous d sirez alimenter votre Enregistreur par le r seau nous recommandons l utilisation de l alimentation chargeur fourni par Kinemetrics PSA Vous devez connecter le cordon d alimentation du PSA uniquement dans une prise Alternative ne d livrant pas plus que 260 Vrms entre deux conducteurs ou entre un conducteur et la terre Une mise la terre de protection mise disposition au travers du conducteur de terre de l alimentation chargeur and du cordon d alimentation est essentielle for un fonctionnement en toute s curit de I enregistreur num rique Le PSA est pr vu pour une utilisation en int rieur unique ment il ne doit pas tre immerg dans de l eau dans une haute humidit ambiante ou une temp rature de plus de 70 C AUTRES BATTERIES ET CHARGEURS Au cas o vous utilisez votre propre chargeur vous devez vous assurer que votre syst me d livre une tension correcte et le courant requis par le Enregistreur Dans ce cas vous tre seul responsable pour la s
155. nt procedures below watch the figures in this column to see when the voltages are in the proper range 3 Check the above table If the voltage exceeds the limits for the full scale range remove the sensor cover and use the tool provided on the cover to adjust the channels Remember the AQ DUM display is in millivolts not volts 4 The following drawing shows where to insert the adjustment tool for each EpiSensor channel As the figure indicates EpiSensor modules produce a positive output when the adjustment screw is turned clockwise Monitor this with the DVM utility Note If you have mapped the EpiSensor into the negative polarity L V T coordinate system clockwise rotation of the adjustment screw will produce a negative output when monitored by the DVM utility 30 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 15 Zero adjusting an internal EpiSensor deck Y AXIS ADJUSTMENT SCREW When the channel is adequately adjusted gently remove the tool 6 After adjusting all the channels replace the deck cover Important Give the cover a moderate tap with a screwdriver handle after replacing the cover The adjustment screw can have a residual stress that may cause an offset in data during a large earthquake Tapping it will eliminate the residual stress 8 Check that the sensors are still in the acceptable range Maximizing EpiSensor Performance Do not use a PCMCIA hard disk on a K2 with an inte
156. o enable the Auto Call mode for loss of AC power m Set the primary number for the recorder to call Download these parameters Use Terminal Window and enable Auto Call mode m Disconnect the PSA from the recorder The recorder should now initiate a call Powering Down To power down the recorder read the following notes carefully and then move the OPER STBY switch to STBY Caution Potential data loss Do not disconnect the leads to the recorder s internal battery until the recorder is in STBY mode This enables the system to close any open files and shut down in an orderly manner Note When the internal battery voltage drops to lt 10 6V a normal battery discharge cycle alerts the recorder processor to close any open files and shut down the unit in an orderly fashion When power is restored the recorder will automatically turn on ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 35 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Documenting the Installation 36 Remember to document the following aspects of your installation m The exact location of the unit m The orientation of each sensor We recommend that you take a photograph of the recorder along with each optional external sensor to record its orientation In addition prepare detailed instructions on how to access the recorder including maps contact information and clear directions for entering the structure that houses the unit Experience has taught us that such records are extremel
157. o the DSP in the system The Application Block then starts the DSP program performs some additional hardware initialization and begins acquisition The Application Block continues to run controlling the system operation user interface data storage communication with the user and configuring and controlling the ADC DSP subsystem The Application Block is written in C and uses a RTOS real time operating system to control operation of the various software tools in the system The DSP code is contained within the Application Block and controls the code to control the DSP on the main board The code image is stored in the MCU s flash memory and the MCU loads the code into the DSP s SRAM memory as part of the Application Block s initialization The DSP code controls the ADC chip and acquires the input data stream at 2000 sps The DSP program then filters this data to produce the data stream for the MCU at the final output rate The code also provides the trigger filtering and trigger algorithm The DSP code is written in Assembler to maximize the speed and efficiency of the recorder s operation ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Firmware Features This section describes some additional details of the algorithms used in the recorder These details may help users understand the operation of the system Filtering and Decimation The DSP filters and decimates the 2000 sps data from the ADCs using m
158. oard are not transient protected When used with the internal EpiSensor deck transient protection is not required Channel 4 has transient protection when it is routed to the front panel auxiliary connector If you use external channels for channels 1 3 of a 4 channel unit or channels 1 3 or 4 6 of a 6channel system the external sensor I O board P N 109498 provides the required transient protection Caution Do not connect external signals to the ADC DSP board without adequate transient protection as serious damage to the recorder could result ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION The signal then passes into the delta sigma converter which produces a digital output stream at 2 000 samples per second Note The ADC chip s internal digital filter has already provided over 80 dB of antralias protection for signals above the 1000 Hz Nyquist frequency of this raw data stream DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR The data then passes into the 24 bit DSP digital signal processor chip that performs the filtering required to produce the final output sample rate The filters in the DSP chip are designed to provide over 120 dB of antralias filtering at the final output rate s Nyquist frequency ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 101 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Note Such a brickwall filter response is practically impossible to achieve with analog filtering alone due to the number of poles required and the variability of the analog components
159. ock hazard Replace a fuse only with a fuse of the correct current voltage and characteristic as specified in Table 6 Disconnect all power to the recorder before replacing the fuses including the mains supply the internal battery and any external batteries to avoid risk of electric shock Change fuses F1 F4 as follows 1 Turn the OPER STBY switch to STBY Remove the red wire from the battery Disconnect the power supply from the unit Locate the blown fuse Use a plastic fuse extraction tool to pry the fuse out from the clips Insert a new fuse with identical ratings shown in Table 6 Reconnect the red wire to the battery Reconnect the power supply to the unit Turn the OPER STB Y switch to OPER O AT ED Caution Potential equipment damage All batteries and the PSA should be disconnected before you service the equipment because power is supplied to some of the circuit boards even when the OPER STBY switch is in the STBY position ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 83 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION THE MAKALU The Makalu also has two additional 1 8 Amp fuses located next to the 20 pin sensor interface connector on the Makalu s ADC DSP board Figure 25 Figure 25 EpiSensor fuses on an Makalu ADC DSP board A u E et il aR en To remove the fuses 1 Disconnect all batteries and the PSA 2 Remove the ADC DSP boards from the card cage 3 Remove the top shield assembly from the ADC DSP board
160. om Kinemetrics To ensure that the recorder meets the conducted and radiated RF emissions requirements of the European Union a FerriShield KMI P N 840734 should be attached to this cable ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 119 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Ext Power The recorder s external power connector connects to the battery charger power module or optional external 12 VDC power source It also provides for the connection of a 12V standby power source The battery charger cannot charge the standby power source Table 11 External power connector descriptions Pin Name WO Cision SSS 424V Input from the optional wide input external battery charger power module PSA A 24 VDC Tanit This power module automatically operates from 90 to 220 VAC at 50 60 Hz Its P output is 24 VDC at 2 amps B Ground One of three power ground pins provided Standby power input from external 12V battery Unlike pin E this battery cannot Standby 12V be charged by the recorder itself This input is intended for short term connection 12 VDC of 12V to maintain the recorder s time base while the internal or external main battery is changed out with a fresh one Do not use it for a permanent connection D Ground One of three power ground pins provided Power input from external 12V battery External sealed lead acid batteries can be E Ext 12 12V float charged at 13 5V by the recorder s battery chargi
161. om Kinemetrics Make sure the recorder and modem are both un powered before plugging the modem cable into the recorder Then plug the military style end of the modem cable into the RS 232 port and connect the DB 25 connector on the other end of the cable into the modem Figure 17 Modem cable to connect to recorder unit SHIELO WIRE WTH TEFLON SHIELD WTH TEFLON Lo BLK MRE ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Connecting to a Telephone System Plug one end of the telephone cable into the external modem jack labeled Line and the other end into the wall jack As with the internal modem we recommend installing a surge suppressor suitable surge suppressor is available from Kinemetrics P N 851293 Verifying Modem Operation To verify the operation of your internal or external modem you need to be sure that the recorder can both answer and place a phone call m The recorder modem s initialization string ATSO 1 for a Hayes compatible modem should be set to allow Auto Answer See the QuickTalk QuickLook manual for more detailed information m Using the Terminal Window put the recorder into answer mode by typing Answer at the prompt m Call the recorder using a PC with a modem Verify that the recorder answers the call and that the PC at the other end can communicate with the system m To verify that the recorder can make a call use the Quick Talk modem parameter screen t
162. on et de enregistreur num rique UTILISATION DU CORDON D ALIMENTATION APPROPRI Si vous utiliser l alimentation chargeur assurez vous d utiliser le cordon et le connecteur distribue avec l alimentation ou une cordon quivalent au sens des normes CEI Utilisez uniquement un cordon en bon tat REMPLACEMENT DES FUSIBLES Afin d viter tout risque d incendie utilisez uniquement les fusibles sp cifi s dans la section Maintenance amp Service de ce manuel Assurez vous que le type la tension ainsi que le courant limite correspondent Les fusibles doivent tre remplaces par un technicien qualifi et il faut s assurer que l instrument est compl tement d branche de toute source d alimentation avant de toucher aux fusible CABLAGE ET MISE LA TERRE DES CAPTEURS Pour les installation o les capteurs sont install s distance du Enregistreur et dans le cas o les capteurs et le Enregistreur sont mis la terre localement il est important de s assurer que toutes les parties sont mises terre au m me potentiel Des courants fatals dans les c bles de connexion peuvent r sulter d une mauvaise installation NE PAS UTILISER EN ATMOSPHERE EXPLOSIVE Le Enregistreur et sont alimentation NE COMPRENNENT PAS DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES EXPLOSIONS contre les d charges statiques ou contre les composants pouvant provoquer des arcs NE PAS utiliser ces composants en pr sence de gaz explosifs ALTUS DIGITAL R
163. pliers The battery can provide up to 80 amps of current This amperage when flowing through a non isolated conductor can result in very high temperatures and even fire Do not replace the supplied battery with a non rechargeable battery or a battery that does not meet the requirements given in Chapter 4 in the Replacing Batteries section Refer to the Connecting the Power Supply section for instructions on how to connect AC power Refer to Chapter 6 for instructions on how to connect an optional external battery or a solar charging system Connecting the Power Supply The recorder optionally includes a wide input DC power supply assembly PSA PN 109480 or 109485 which connects to a standard AC outlet shown in the figure below Figure 11 Power supply assembly PSA 26 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Caution Using the wrong power supply unit with the recorder can permanently damage its circuit boards Do not attach any power supply assembly to the recorder other than the one supplied by Kinemetrics unless 1t exactly matches the voltage and current ratings required for the recorder Note that the K2 and Makalu use the same wide input DC power supply refer to User Supplied Charging Systems in Chapter 6 for more information Do not use an ETNA power supply unit with a K2 or try to power an ETNA with a K2 PSA in both cases the units will be badly damaged Before plugging in the PSA m M
164. properly handled Use a grounded wrist strap with impedance of approximately 1 MQ to protect components from ESD damage when handling circuit boards Before removing any circuit boards or disconnecting any internal cables be sure that all batteries and the charger are disconnected If there is no obvious damage proceed with the installation instructions Please work through the following section carefully so that the recorder installation will accomplish your scientific objectives Installation Considerations This section discusses recording network setup and operating modes Network Planning Carefully consider the scientific objectives of the installation when planning the network whether it includes one station or a hundred ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 9 10 Civil DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The station location type and position of sensors and instrument settings all affect the type of data recorded Consider local seismic noise conditions and the anticipated amplitude of events being recorded This will help you correctly set trigger parameters estimate the quantity of data expected and decide how to retrieve the data It s also necessary to plan how to analyze combine and archive data as well as how to service and maintain the network Finally consider how the network will function after a large event when mains power and telecommunications might not be available for a considerable time Under such
165. protected at 14V K2 Fourth Channel Input The input for channel four on a four channel K2 is on AUX IO connector pins J and K A fourth channel is not available on the Makalu This connection is not available on six or twelve channel units Pin K is the positive analog input and pin J is the negative analog input The input resistance to these pins is 100K 2 with a full scale voltage of 2 5V These inputs are dual stage transient protected at 5 5V The input is protected with respect to the ground return and the chassis ground This input is not as clean as the input of an external input board because the ground return to the ADC DSP board is less effective Common mode noise rejection is nominally 60dB If pins J and K are left open and channel four is recorded spikes may be observed because of high input impedance from the IRIG code on the back plane of the instrument Spikes can be avoided by not recording on channel four connecting a sensor to it or shorting the inputs to ground ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Hardware Alarms An alarm output is available on the AUX IO connector pin on pin B This line goes low when recorder alarm criteria are exceeded It is latched until reset with the CLEAR ALARM command ALARM DURATION O or after the alarm duration is exceeded The alarm duration is set at the prompt by entering Alarm Duration nn where nn is the duration in seconds If set to
166. provides an overview of the technical aspects of the system and is designed to provide a basic understanding of its overall operation The first section describes how the recorder operates while the second section describes the electrical connections in the recorder that are necessary for producing your own cables or performing advanced installations The Altus recorder is a modular system comprised of circuit boards connected to a passive motherboard The motherboard interconnects the various circuit boards This design approach allows a minimum of internal wiring in the recorder and greatly enhances the system s reliability The following is a simplified explanation of a recorder equipped with internal or external EpiSensors in its normal event triggered acquisition mode 1 The EpiSensor senses ground acceleration in three orthogonal directions and converts the acceleration levels to voltages The input voltage for the EpiSensor or other sensor seismometer pore pressure sensor is sent to the analog to digital converter ADC The ADC uses an over sampled delta sigma converter to convert the analog voltage from the sensor to a digital data stream 2 The digital data stream is then processed by the DSP chip to both filter the data and provide trigger information This information is then transmitted to the MCU system controller where the data is stored in the pre event memory buffer If the SDS is enabled the data is transmitted through
167. quired This will establish the zero level of the ADC to the best value possible typically less than 500uV In order to achieve the best timing accuracy we also strongly recommend that the GPS receiver be left on continuously ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Inspecting the Recorder Inspect the recorder as follows 1 Look at Figures 1 3 to familiarize yourself with the recorder 2 Carefully remove the recorder from its shipping container Save the container and packing materials if the recorder will be shipped further Open the four flip up latches 4 Carefully remove the cover 5 Visually compare the recorder contents with the drawings inspect the components for obvious damage such as loose screws bent metalwork and so on 6 Make sure the PCMCIA card or cards are properly seated The PCMCIA slots are in the front third of the recorder s interior and the cards should already be in the slots with the card release buttons sticking up above the slots The card release buttons should be in the up or filled position If the recorder is equipped with an internal PCMCIA modem it will be in Alternate slot B on the rear of the PCMCIA board There will be a label in slot B warning you not to insert a PCMCIA card Handling Precautions Caution Potential ESD equipment damage The recorder circuit boards contain CMOS components that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge ESD if not
168. r s specific current requirement to correctly size your solar charging system In locations where AC power is available an AC DC type power supply with an output voltage of 13 5 14 2 VDC and a current output of 1 3 amps can be used to charge a car type battery Fuses and blocking diodes are recommended Please read the Safety section before working with the recorder batteries or power supplies Advanced Telecommunications Options The manual has described using your recorder with direct RS232 connection and modem connections using POTs plain old telephone type connections Depending on your needs and location several other remote connection options are available Cellular and digital cellular phones are discussed below but first a bit of cautionary advice While it is tempting to use one of the many low cost telephones available the issue of power must be considered These telephones are normally connected to a charger which is connected to a power source but if power is ever lost most consumer use phones have an on off button that must be pushed in order to re set or re charge the phone This is not a problem in the average household but it is for remote sensor sites Kinemetrics recommends that you research phone options and power considerations well before deciding on a unit ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 153 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Cellular Phone Connections The cellular interface provides telephone comm
169. r Alarm command Time code input for recording purposes Compatible with IRIG E and H formats T i sampled at recorder sample rate Normally used for time correlation with e ie instruments other than recorders If positive logic standard IRIG code is connected gt DSPRXD to this input the recorded code will be inverted due to the active low nature of the recorder inputs Type 1 Inverted IRIG E 10 second frame time code generated by recorder It is used for IRIGOUT de Ge time correlation with instruments other than recorders When connected to recorder p inputs recorded code will be positive logic Type 1 This line is used to sync the time of year clock in conjunction with the TIME TICKSTART tae command to an external time mark The recorder s clock will start on the first j positive to negative transition of this line IPPSOUT Type 1 This line provides a once per second pulse output from the recorder s time of year CPPC Output clock Negative transitions are on time The duration of the pulse is 200 ms p Alternatively it can be configured as the cellular phone power control line A low level on this input will trigger the recorder to record an event if the T 1 parameters are set accordingly Recording will continue as long as the line is held TRIGIN na i low Once the line is returned to the high state the post event will commence When npu triggered by this line recording starts on the next 0 1 second frame
170. r sensor Cable drain Ground Quiet analog ground used internally to connect input board to ADC board Protective ground plane Connects directly to recorder chassis Ground Transients are shunted directly to this ground plane Use for non signal external cable shields G Digital and power ground and Digital and power ground ground Ground Not Not normally used used No connection is o to these pins on the EpiSensor input board ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 123 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Firmware Overview 124 The firmware in the recorder controls all aspects of system operation This section discusses the three components of the firmware and provides a very general overview of the function of each The following section discusses specific software features in more detail Boot Loader The Boot Loader module is executed by the main system board s HC16 whenever the unit is powered up It pauses to allow the user to load new firmware if you tell it to or in normal operation a time out occurs and the Application Block is executed The Boot Loader allows new firmware to be loaded into the unit through the RS 232 port or modem as described in Chapter 4 Application Block The Application Block runs when the Boot Loader exits after timing out This is the MCU code that controls the operation of the HC16 main processor Its first task is to configure FPGAs in the system and download the DSP code t
171. r the unit when external power sources fail OPTIONAL POWER SUPPLY ASSEMBLY If you plan to power the recorder from the mains supply we recommend Kinemetrics Power Supply Assembly PSA Plug the PSA s power cord into AC outlets that will not apply more than 260 Vrms between the supply conductors or between either supply conductor and ground A protective ground connection provided through the grounding conductor in the PSA and its power cord is essential for safe operation The PSA is designed for indoor use only it must not be subject to immersion in water high humidity or temperatures above 70 C USER SUPPLIED BATTERIES OR CHARGING SYSTEM If you supply your own charging system make sure the system provides the correct voltage and current required by the recorder If you derive power from the mains supply make sure there is adequate grounding for all the equipment If you supply your own batteries follow the warnings below INTERNAL BATTERY Follow the precautions in this manual when handling and replacing the internal battery Metallic instruments of any kind could short the battery terminals resulting in fire or explosion Do not drop the battery or attempt to disassemble it When charging the battery use a properly rated charger and do not overcharge the battery The only correct replacement battery is a sealed lead acid battery with relief vents and ratings comparable to the original battery Never use a norrrechargeable
172. ream for the required output rate There is only one version of the Makalu ADC DSP board and it has three channels For each channel the analog signal passes through a 4 resistor pseudo differential amplifier to the 24 bit delta sigma modulator The amplifier has a 3dB roll off at 3kHz increasing to 20dB at about 14kHz An ideal response shown from a Spice model is shown in the next figure 102 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 31 Block diagram of Makalu 24 bit ADC DSP board P N 109590 1 aa a4 13 100K TYP CLOCK GENERATORS CH2 L_ gt CONTROL LOGIC amp SERIAL cH2 gt INTERFACE CH3 __ gt ISOLATED INTERFACE BACKPLANE INTERFACE CH3 22 STEP CALDAC lt __ 16 BIT CALIBRATION DAC amp CAL COIL ENABLE 1D CAL COIL ENABLE lt lt INTERFACE nm HEADER 13 75V lt __ oa 13 75V ISOLATED DC DC CONVERTER 13 75V Figure 32 Spice model of Makalu preamplifer response Tim UN es Me ee Mu oui pr ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 103 104 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The common mode rejection ratio of the preamplifier is guaranteed by design to be at least 60dB This is achieved by the use of extremely well matched precision resistors in the front end The input stage is designed to accept the high voltage input levels of the EpiSensor Kinemetrics has joined with several other sensor and instrument manufacturers in supporting this sta
173. recorder Thus if you used this oscillator alone to drive the real time clock there could be a worst case frequency drift of approximately one minute per month The real time clock can be set using QuickTalk software covered in the QuickTalk QuickLook User s Guide at the back of this binder For improved accuracy a time synchronization pulse can be applied to the auxiliary connector Note In systems using the optional GPS receiver the GPS system can both synchronize the absolute time and adjust the crystal frequency providing much improved timing performance See the GPS manual at the rear of this binder for more information PCMCIA Board The recorder is supplied with two fully compliant PCMCIA cardholders the mounting positions are known as slots that can accept Types I II and HI PC cards The cardholders are mounted on the PCMCIA board P N 109415 in the recorder Note Firmware supports only a selected number of PCMCIA devices Contact Kinemetrics to find out which devices are supported Cardholder B has a parallel connector on the back of the card that will accept a PCMCIA modem or other supported communication device PCMCIA with its output cable If the rear connector is used this way you ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION cannot install a PCMCIA card in cardholder B this would conflict with the device installed in the rear connector Figure 37 Block diagram of PCMCIA board
174. rnal EpiSensor deck or with an Makalu recorder The disk drive vibrations will be recorded and greatly increase the noise level of the sensor In general it is unwise to use a gain board with an instrument that has an internal EpiSensor deck because the sensor is more susceptible to several types of noise Increasing the gain of the unit will therefore not achieve the intended result of lowering the noise floor instead it will reduce the dynamic range by raising the noise above the digitization threshold To achieve the best noise performance use external EpiSensors When using a recorder with multiple external EpiSensors be certain that the dynamic power requirements of the sensors do not exceed the capacity of ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 31 32 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION the recorder When EpiSensors are configured to use their low noise amplifiers they use significantly more power than FBA 23s Be sure to gauge how much power you will need based on the dynamic power requirements of your instruments rather than on the static requirements If inadequately powered during a large event EpiSensors may not be able to accurately record large acceleration peaks WARNING Antenna and Phone Installation Never install antenna or telephone wiring during electrical storms Always ensure adequate separation between antenna cabling or telecom cabling and high voltage wiring Always perform a safety check on telecom wiring to measure
175. rom a binary PAR file KWPHF Displays or prints an ASCII formatted event header file from an EVT file KWSUM Displays a summary of an EVT file in the same format as the instrument terminal window summary command KWTC Analyze the time in an EVT file s frame headers Also can display the timecode bitmap in the frame headers If the timecode is IRIG E it will attempt to decode it KWTRIG Applies a selected trigger filter to an EVT file and writes an output file of the filtered data a TRG file A TXT help file supplied on the package disk documents each of these programs SUPPORT SOFTWARE FOR THE MAKALU Altus support software and the Strong Motion Analyst SMA have been updated to support the Makalu The EVT file format is the same as that of the K2 with the exception of the fulkscale value and the clip indicator Versions that support the Makalu are DOS Support Package 302162 Rev F or higher Windows Support Package 302161 Rev H or higher QTWIN version 2 15 and QLWIN version 2 84 or higher Strong Motion Analyst version 2 2 or higher The OTPKT Packet Mode Demonstration Program P N 302217 is available on special request from Kinemetrics This program supplied with full source code gives examples of sending and receiving binary packets in the Altus Packet Block mode communications It also demonstrates the beginnings of a C program to use the serial data stream transmissions of data packets Sixteen
176. rrected noise test data Me Denon Per Da Com Monte Mat ERIGBA EIKE IS TT LL ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 131 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Upon command SMA reports the dynamic range in a pop up Notepad window These are typical values for the Makalu Figure 44 Dynamic range calculation rms tmp Notepad Al x File Edit Search Help RMS Values for file D Program Files Kinemetrics Inc kt Ch 1 129 3 dB Ch 2 129 3 dB Ch 3 129 2 dB The dynamic range is calculated by computing the standard deviation of the noise data and comparing it to the RMS level of a full scale sine wave The peak value of the sine wave at full scale is 22 or 8 388 608 counts Its RMS level is then 5 931 642 counts peak V2 KWNTP reports the standard deviation for channel 1 at 2 75 counts This yields a dynamic range of 128 7dB The dB level is computed as 20log noiserms FSrms Correcting the baseline with the least squares fit improves the value to 129 3dB as reported by the SMA This and because the KWNTP scales the data to K2 scale factors means that KWNTP should not be used for Makalu noise testing For reference K2 full scale voltage is 5Vpp or 1 77Vrms The Makalu is 40Vpp or 14 14Vrms 18dB higher The noise for the two instruments is 3 5uVenms for the K2 and 5 0 UVrms for the Makalu The Makalu noise floor is about 3dB higher than the K2 The net increase in dynamic range is therefore about 15dB or 2 5 bits at 200 sps 13
177. rs may be added to the recorder The board contains dual stage transient protection and EMI RFI filtering to prevent electrical transients from damaging the recorder and to prevent EMI emissions from the recorder or EMI RFI from degrading the instrument s performance The optional external sensor I O board connects the recorder to external sensors through a military style circular connector The transient protection consists of a primary gas arrestor element followed by a series impedance and a shunt Transgard element This protection circuitry limits the input signals to 14V with respect to the recorder s ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 99 100 ANALOG INPUTS TO BOARD DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION ground connection and a maximum 26 normal mode voltage between input pairs A T filter element composed of ferrite beads and a shunt capacitor provides the EMI RFI protection The board also contains an ID EEPROM to store its serial number assembly drawing and revision number K2 ADC DSP Board The internal EpiSensor sends signals to the ADC DSP board which performs an analog to digital conversion and filters the data stream for the required output rate There are several versions of the ADC DSP board for the recorder Two ADC DSP boards P N 109425 and P N 109440 01 provide four 4 channels of conversion while the P N 109440 02 board provides six 6 channels of conversion on a single card The first two P
178. s 1 Switch the recorder s OPER STB Y switch to STB Y 2 Remove the external power connector 3 Disconnect the positive terminal red wire from the existing battery 4 Disconnect the negative terminal black wire WARNING Burn or explosion hazard Never place metallic objects such as a screwdriver or your wristwatch strap across the terminals of a battery The metal terminals can get very hot Handle batteries with care and do not drop them or attempt to take them apart Recycle used batteries or dispose of them in accordance with local regulations Do not throw used batteries onto a fire 5 6 7 8 Unscrew the two screws on the battery bracket Remove the battery bracket Remove the old battery Make sure the rubber battery pad remains within the recorder this pad keeps the battery from moving during transport 9 With the same orientation insert the new battery into the unit 10 Reinstall the battery bracket and pad and carefully retighten the screws 11 Connect the negative terminal black wire 12 Connect the positive terminal red wire 13 Switch the OPER STBY switch to OPER and make sure the recorder functions properly 14 Reconnect the external power connector to the recorder ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL 81 82 DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 24 Internal battery components 12 VDC 12 Ah interno battery Cable tie Sattery brocket Bottery
179. s Please contact Kinemetrics for more information in order to make the best choice for your situation Before using any new media make sure it is properly formatted To do this place the new media in an available PCMCIA slot on the K2 and use the Terminal window FORMAT command Then try to read the device in the PC you plan to use to make sure that computer can read the card If your PC cannot read the card you should get the latest release of the PCMCIA drivers and try these Kinemetrics web site contains links to help you find the latest drivers As a final option it is possible to format the card in your laptop and see 1f the K2 can write to the card The possible problem with this option is that the format used may not be optimal and the cards particularly hard drives might not be able to keep up when recording 12 channels at 250 samples per second Caution Possible data loss If you format the cards in your laptop are running 6 or more channels and or the streaming data protocol the card may not keep up with the data rate and data could be lost Cleaning the Recorder Disconnect all power from the recorder before cleaning it Then wipe off the exterior surfaces with a mild detergent and a damp soft cloth Caution Possible water damage Do not use water to clean the inside of the recorder Doing so will severely damage the unit ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 85 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION If you
180. s 109 Flash Firmware Operation 110 Timing System Operations menant 110 PCMCIA BOGE anne ae 110 Power Supply Board ia A Bass eee 111 Front Panel Board uiessnincin ainia nia lens Nes 113 System Power Requirements 2 42 idad italia 114 EpiSensor Power Consumption ncnonccnnncnnnnos 116 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Power Supply Adapter Ratings 116 Operating Temperature viciado n ei aa 117 Operating Huida inicia 117 Detailed Electrical erat ii a er 117 Connector Pin Definitions a is 119 RSC e aa a Ra te Le 119 Ext Power ranita 120 O O 120 ISRS Anlenna Human 122 External Sensor pubis a acs nt 122 SA ee 122 The Makai ies 122 Firmware Overview A RS ee RE ee 124 Boot Qader ts ne ke 124 Application Blocker a 124 Firmware Features een tel ede eile es 125 Filtering and Decimation RES RE Een 125 Causal Acausal F lterng nisse 125 K2 Clip Indicators 125 Makalu Clip Indicator v2 2 125 K2 Group Delay ciao Lan 126 Makalu Group Deli an 127 STA LTA Tasgenne a een 128 Makalu Dynamic Range amp Noise 2u 2200224ur sn ennennnnennnnsnnennnennne en 129 Noise Testing for the Makalu 130 Stepped sine Wave Tel eae ees 133 6 Advanced Installations DVENIEW es ee Tal cs Seanad Set eh Gate nr A 137 External Sensor Sui nese eed ii iaa 137 EpiSensot ES U zn zen o o creian oia iS 137 EpiSensor ES ar en 137 Changing Internal EpiSensor
181. s 98 Windows NT or Windows ME supports up to 16 serial ports and if using modems in event dia up mode a configuration of more than 16 recorders is possible In event mode NMS automatically gathers data from recorders and can help manage their storage While NMS is operating in streaming data mode the software will monitor a small to medium sized network and detect and store the state of the network much like a large recorder It can also automatically execute external software to process the data In addition the software recovers errors to compensate for bad connections or when one part of the network experiences communication delays NMS supports the Kinemetrics Serial Data Streams SDS protocol and operates in one of two modes m Takes reports of earthquake events from Altus recorders and automatically gathers event files the data and acceleration peaks in near real time to a PC that is either directly connected or connected through a modem m Takes continuously transmitted digital data from Altus recorders maximum of six channels per recorder It can display data in real time and do centralized triggering from the data being transmitted from the recorders and stores the information at a local PC Short Message Service Some wireless digital phones and service providers Pacific Bell Sprint etc conforming to the GSM digital standard support an optional service called Short Message Service or SMS ALTUS DIGITAL RECO
182. s a 3 3V power supply ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 38 Block diagram of power supply 12V CLOCK 13 5V POWER CHARGER SWITCHED ES SWITCH REGULATOR GA Ve 12V MAIN CURRENT POWER LIMIT FET PROTECTION SWITCH INTERNAL i CIRCUIT BATTERY GA Q 5 3 3V 5V HIGH EFFICIENCY CURRENT SWITCHER LIMIT PROTECTION 3 3V Feb 2 CIRCUIT POWER SUPERVISOR CONTROL FROM SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM MGY Front Panel Board The front panel of the recorder provides the standard connections for power RS 232 interface and auxiliary I O The front panel also contains the 8 LED display and the line drivers for the I O connections The system fuses are located at the top of the front panel as are the battery connections The front panel also contains the connectors used to connect the optional GPS receiver to the system A network of Ferrite beads capacitors and Transgard devices protect the recorder s inputs against EMI RFI and ESD additional gas arrestor protection provides transient protection for the power supply input and the Channel 4 ADC input ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER U SER MANUAL 113 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION System Power Requirements 114 The exact current drawn by the recorder depends on the exact options contained in your system Use the K2 or Makalu tables below to calculate the approximate current draw of your system from the 12V s
183. s option to convert data to SUDS format IASPEI software compatible Consult factory for others Operating temp 20 to 70 C Humidity 0 100 RH Internal EpiSensor Specifications Type Dynamic range Bandwidth Calibration coil Full scale range Full scale output Linearity Hysteresis Cross axis sensitivity Zero point thermal drift Zero point drift Operating temperature Connection 158 User selectable at 0 25g 0 5g lg 2g or 4g User selectable at 2 5V single ended 10V single ended 5V 20V differential Single military style metal connector ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 7 Appendix A Formatted K2 Header File qlwin tmp 02 01 01 13 00 14 To make a permanent copy on hard disk use FILE SAVE AS eventfile HDR OLWIN F ALTUS AX001 EVT 02 01 2001 12 59 Altus Header Version 1 40 S N 111 K2 Stn DMP Site 12 channel unit 6 channel s selected 122 38 44 06 Channel s triggered 1 Comment ABC UserCodes 0 0 0 0 Main battery 13 20V charging minimum alarm voltage 12 0V 24 bit A D with group delay 0 msec Temperature 27 7 deg C Restart Source s None Known System Error s None Known Altus Time Source RTC from cold start Event Start Time 2 1 2001 32 12 59 05 000 Event Trigger Time 2 1 2001 32 12 59 08 500 Samples per second 100 Duration 16 000 seconds 160 frames Pre event
184. sections to determine what is appropriate for your application we have split the triggering system into two sections If you are just interested in recording strong motion events when the ground or structure shakes significantly you will find instructions on setting triggers in the Triggering for Strong Motion Recording section If you are interested in recording weak events that are very close to the local seismic noise you should read Triggering and Recording Weak Motion Applications After you read the relevant section you will be able to set up each channel s triggering appropriately for your application The triggering should be set up using the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide Setting Channel Parameters section Triggering in Strong Motion Applications For strong motion recording you will want to record the strongest motion from an earthquake that can be felt and possibly cause damage to buildings and other structures Normally a simple threshold trigger will be sufficient to reliably trigger the recorder As these are sensitive instruments it is also possible to record much weaker motions using the threshold trigger The tradeoff to consider is how you will retrieve the data and how to ensure that there will be room for the big one if you have very sensitive threshold trigger levels The threshold trigger has two parameters for each channel The first is the threshold trigger which is the level in percent of
185. shold 49 long time duration 48 ratio 49 short time average long term average 45 short time duration 48 threshold trigger 48 station parameters setting 39 status display 28 T telecommunication options 153 transformer hut 10 trigger 45 algorithm 45 de trigger threshold 41 filters 43 threshold 41 threshold level 46 types and sampling rates 45 triggering channel 41 common 146 STA LTA 45 strong motion 41 weak motion 42 true free field 11 V votes voting schemes 52 W WR 1 Ranger 146 Y Y axis 16 Z zero EpiSensor deck 29 INDEX 3
186. shold of 4 and a desired STA LTA de trigger threshold of 2 you would need to set an STA LTA de trigger threshold percentage of 50 Default Values STA LTA trigger algorithm default parameters are m STA short time average window duration 1 sec m LTA long time average window duration 60 sec m STA LTA trigger threshold level 4 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 49 50 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m STA LTA de trigger threshold percentage 40 resulting in an effective STA LTA de trigger threshold level 1 6 As the configuration of STA LTA triggering requires several entries we will go through the procedure below You should also refer to the Setting Channel Parameters section of the QuickTalk and QuickLook User s Guide Proceed as follows 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 Start QuickTalk Select Recorder and Acquisition Control then click on Edit Parameters The Edit Parameters dialog box appears Click on From Recorder or From Disk to specify the source of the parameter file you want to edit Click on Channels The Channel Parameters dialog box appears Specify the channel for which you want to configure STA LTA triggering in the Edit Channel field In the box labeled Event Trigger select the Filter pull down box Select the appropriate trigger filter for the channel Now select the Type pull down box Select STA LTA from the list Specify the length of the short term average time in se
187. sion of triggers and trigger votes 16 In this dialog box you also set the Pre Event Post Event Min Run Time the Sampling Rate and the type of Final Anti Alias filter causal or nom causal 17 Click on OK 18 Click on Station The Station Parameters dialog box opens 19 In this dialog box put a check mark besides each Channel you wish to record and fill in details about the station and its location 20 Click on OK then save the parameters file to the recorder or to disk if you plan to install the parameters file on the recorder later You can also enter these parameters in the Terminal window Parameter Editor with the Channel Trigger Type Channel STA Channel LTA and Channel Ratios commands Remember that you must still specify how many triggered channels will trigger the unit with the Stream Voters command Refer to the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide for more information Trigger Voting Parameters Each channel can be assigned a number of votes that it may cast towards getting the system to trigger This is called voting How the voting system is set up is dependent on which signals you are trying to record and which you are trying not to record You may need some first hand experience with the conditions at the site before you can optimize this triggering The parameters used to set up the triggering are explained below They should be setup using the instructions in the Using QuickTalk amp Qu
188. sor You can also gently shake the unit to simulate an event and check that Autocall mode is functioning Refer to Chapter 4 Maintenance amp Service for information about running remote and orrsite systems checks The full scale range of the internal EpiSensor and their voltage levels are set at the factory to the correct values specified at the time of purchase If you wish to change the settings refer to Chapter 6 Advanced Installations Performing a Functional Test The firmware in your instrument performs a dual polarity pulse test on EpiSensors as the standard functional test when correctly configured THE K2 The height of the pulse will depend on the full scale setting of the instrument but will correspond to a g level of approximately 0 125g The exact value will be 2 5V multiplied by the sensor module s calibration coil sensitivity value provided on the sensor s data sheet ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 61 62 DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 21 EpiSensor functional test display Fla Zocr ce Pan Chen Seen Huaca Has CEAMILIOCSLAPMOTES 100OL EVT FT 7 31 1996 ZLZ 19 07 19 000 Display 6 3 ez 0 1000 0 041 39727214 0 133255 37min rt 0 15391617pp bo a 0 1240 27002 0 0356672 m1d 0 053325 9ain 0 1 777661 pp Eh 3 0 13059557mw0x 0 041 76001 d 0 000 En 0 171569770 Pel to Ch 1 Note Altus software released prior to August 1
189. ssible positions are labeled OPER and STBY In OPER mode the power is applied to all circuitry in STBY mode the power is disconnected from most electronics but still flows to some critical time keeping circuits Power to the K2 is not truly turned off unless all power sources are disconnected m Optional Board one of two Additional external input board for sensor inputs or the extended GPS system interface m External Power Port labeled EXT POWER Where external power sources plug into the recorder Fuses Protect the K2 from electrical overloads ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 5 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Graphic Display Eight LEDs and their labels provide visual information about the status of the K2 its battery the power supply and the available memory storage space Case Grounding Stud Connects the K2 to a good earth ground to protect against ESD electrostatic discharge and lightning induced transients and ensure low noise performance RS 232 Port Connects the recorder to a PC via an RS 232 cable P N 109475 Auxiliary Port Access to one of several input output connections to provide advanced features Optional Board s An external input connector or an extended EPS board can be installed in one of the two optional board positions External sensors connect to the K2 through an optional external sensor I O board The GPS connector allows a GPS antenna to be plugged into the K2 to provide an
190. strador para cargarlas Usted tiene que usar un cargador ajustado apropiadamente y tiene que tomar el cuidado de no sobre cargarlas POLARIZANDO EL REGISTRADOR DIGITAL Y SISTEMA Si Usted usa la Fuente de Poder Cargador para energizar el Registrador desde el suministro principal de AC entonces Usted esta polarizando el Registrador a trav s del Cable de Energ a corriendo desde el toma corriente AC a la Fuente de Poder Cargador Para evitar choques el ctricos conecte el Cable de la Fuente de Poder Cargador en un recept culo apropiadamente alambrado donde el polo a tierra de protecci n ha sido verificado Haga esta verificaci n antes de hacer ninguna conexi n de energ a a el registrador digital USE EL CABLE DE ENERG A APROPIADOS Si Usted usa la Fuente de Poder Cargador aseg rese que Usted usa solamente el Cable de Energ a y conector suministrado con esa Fuente de Poder Cargador o un cable de energ a est ndar IEC equivalente Use solamente un Cable de Energ a que este en buenas condiciones USE LOS FUSIBLES APROPIADOS Para evitar la amenaza de fuego use solamente los fusibles especificados en la Maintenance amp Service secci n de este manual Aseg rese de cotejarlos por tipo tasa de voltaje y tasa de corriente Los fusibles deben ser nica mente reemplazados por un t cnico calificado y Usted debe asegurarse que el instrumento esta desconectado de toda fuente de energ a antes de tocar los fusibles CABLEADO Y POLAR
191. t aca controlled __ Tom When you know the current consumption of your system its actual autonomy with the supplied 12AH battery can be calculated using this formula T hours 12000 I mA hours of autonomy An example of a basic 4 channel K2 T hours 12000 380 31 6 hours of autonomy ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 115 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION EpiSensor Power Consumption The EpiSensor current drain values included in the previous table are nominal To more accurately determine the worst case EpiSensor current requirement use the information in the following table These values take the sensor current drain values and correct them for the conversion efficiency of the K2 and Makalu power supplies Table 8 EpiSensor static current drain from recorder power supply EpiSensor ES T Static Current Drain All 3 Axes Standard post amplifier Low noise post amplifier 130mA Table 9 EpiSensor dynamic current drain Restoring current for coils per g 3 88mA 11 63mA g 13 5mA g mA i mA g Output amplifier load at 2 5V single ended 1 09 3 26mA 1 26mA 3 78mA or 5V differential full scale m Output amplifier load at 10V single ended 10 23mA 30 69mA 11 88 35 6mA The HypoSensor s downhole triaxial EpiSensor accelerometer current drain is identical to that of the EpiSensor ES T in the same configuration Uniaxial EpiSensors model ES U are not offered with the low noise amplifier Thre
192. t message Callout Acknowledge message Cellular Phone Parameters Power control OFF WarmupTime 0 seconds CheckinTime not active Call In Times OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Phone Numbers 1 EVEN 2 Automatic answer callout OFF Wait for connection 45 seconds Pause 10 seconds between calls Extend pause between calls 0 minutes Call complete based on MODEM ACK setting 0 ax dial attempts 10 Serial Data Stream Parameters ode One Data Format Compressed Disk Buffer Size 16K blocks 64 Transmission Sample Rate OFF Samples per Block 0 Channel s transmitted 1 2 3 nd Altus K2 Header S N 111 F ALTUS AX001 Gl VT E Ch 1 2 axPeak 0 0365555V 0 1569498V inPeak 0 0259382V 0 1308346V Peak Peak 0 0106174V 0 2877844V id point 0 0312468V 0 0130576V ean 0 0301597V 0 0076415V 162 OLWIN calculated statistics for all data points in F ALTUS AX001 Gl VES 3 1905728V 2011991V 3917719V 0053132V 0091685V ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL BaseLine Correction Max Mean Os Min Mean 0 Ch MaxPeak 0 MinPeak 0 Peak Peak 0 Mid point 0 Mean 0 BaseLine Correction Max Mean 0 Min Mean 0 End QLWIN calculated 0063958V 0042215V 4 0000834V 0000620V 0000215V 0000727V 0000722V 0000112V 0000103V statistics ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 1645913V 1231931V 5 0000
193. ta will be filtered and how long before the trigger and after the de trigger the unit will record m Channel trigger parameters These select what type of seismic signal will cause an individual channel to be considered triggered m Trigger voting parameters These determine what combination of triggered channels and external inputs are required to cause the unit to trigger and record The following figure illustrates these areas so you can see how they relate to the flow of data through the instrument Figure 18 Flow of data through Altus instruments INDIVIDUAL CHANNEL FILTERING AND TRIGGERING DA R o gt M CHANNEL DATA TO RECORD WHEN o gt POTENTIALLYRECORD SELECTED FOR TRIGGERED RECORDING CHANNEL TRIGGER PARAMETER SELECTION STREAM PARAMETER SELECTION 250 SPS ACAUSAL FIR OUTPUT FILTER AND DECIMATE IIR A THRESHOLD TRIGGER OUTPUT FROM CRITERIA ANALOG TO 200 SPS DIGITAL OUTPUT PRES CLASSIC CONVERTER STRONG MOTION CAUSAL STA LTA FIR TRIGGER FILTER AND 100 SPS IIR C CRITERIA DECIMATE OUTPUT TRIGGER FILTER TYPE OR TRIGGER TYPE INSTRUMENT TRIGGERING e E 0 Not Triggered nus o5 sh m 4 zoa 3 a Fa 1 Triggered 205 z5 O cc ra ral IHO u o a E E 0 Channel Not Selected for MULTIPLY BY MULTIPLY BY MULTIPLY BY MULTIPLY BY MULTIPLY BY MULTIPLY BY A CHANNEL CHANNEL CHANNEL CHANNEL CHANNEL CHANNEL Triggering WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT SU
194. te and is normally used for time correlation with instruments other than K2s If positive logic standard IRIG code is connected to this input the recorded code will be inverted due to the active low nature of the recorder inputs This input is meant to be driven by a K2 Makalu SSA or similar operrcollector outputs or devices with similar drive characteristics The input threshold is set at 2 5V and the signal input is pulled up to 5V with 4 7 k resistors The input is considered true when it is pulled below 2 5 V Input hysteresis is approximately 60 mV and the maximum voltage input must be limited to 14V The input is transient protected IRIGOUT Available on the AUX IO connector pin D IRIGOUT is inverted IRIG E 10 second frame or IRIG H 60 second frame time code generated by the recorder It is used for time correlation with instruments other than recorders When connected to inputs recorded code will be positive logic This output is active low open collector transistor It is intended to be connected to recorder signal inputs SSA inputs or similar devices There is no pull up resistor on this line and it must be pulled up by the input to which it is connected The maximum pull up voltage is 20V This output can sink 100 mA at 70 C with a saturation voltage of approximately 170 mV If this output is connected to inductive loads such as relays appropriate spike suppression diodes must be used This output is transient
195. ted OACI A A AA IA 1 Ns RE en 2 The Mak alusiones nos 7 Differences Between the Makalu amp K2 8 Optimizing Makalu Performance 8 Inspecting the Recorder sun ae ee 9 Handling Pr cautions smile ehe 9 Installation Considerations u u a 9 Network PANNE pisse ann dan desire pis ch et 9 A SR A E O 10 Free Field Installations seen 10 Structural Monitoring Installations 11 Requirements Tor Installation ardid 11 Required Tools a TE ra 12 For the TECOrder epa ne ee el 12 For the GPS Timing System ide 12 For an External EpiSensor viii iia Res 12 Required Supplies res na En 13 Required Equipment seen 13 Pr ctico Assembler 13 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Why Practice In the Laboratory is 13 2 Installation Basics OVEIVIEW opa peo td teo dl eel 15 Installing the Basic Record Re 15 Installing Support Software 15 Orienting a Recorder with an Internal EpiSensor 16 Mounting The Recorder od li ee 17 Floor Mounting Recommended 18 Shell Meuntinsia 2 22 ea 21 W all Mounting init idad cade 21 Grounding the Recorder suicidio iria 21 The Malla 25 Connecting Your PE es une 23 Connecting the Internal Battery 25 Connecting the Power Supply sise 26 Verifying Basic Unit Operation 27 Turning On the Power iia 27 Front Panel Display srecni eain is 28 Running Quick Talk unse nk 29 Zero Adjusting Internal EpiSe
196. tellites the screen should display the last two times the GPS made time locks and the last two times the GPS powered up Last Powered Up At Last Position and Average Position Indicate the position of your unit to a high degree of accuracy You can use this information to fill in the unit s latitude and longitude ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 79 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION DAC Value entries show the DAC values used to control the voltage controlled oscillator frequency These values can range from 0 to 4096 counts but if the unit is working correctly and the temperature is close to 20 C they should range from 1250 to 2750 counts GPS antenna describes the electrical status of the antenna The status will be either OK or open short This completes the remote system diagnostic check Now retrieve and then delete old files leaving only the last functional test and SRT on the recorder for reference Enter Q to exit Diagnostics Mode Finally end the call as described in the Connecting a Recorder to the Modem section in Chapter 2 of the QuickTalk Users Guide Replacing Batteries Because they lose their capacity over time you should replace the internal batteries used in the recorder at regular intervals Kinemetrics recommends that you replace the batteries every three years in normal operating environments more frequently if the unit s ambient temperature is significantly above 20 C Read the Safety sec
197. tely from outside the unit the calibration coil enable signal must be activated by applying a DC voltage of 5V to 12V with respect to ground A voltage signal applied to the calibration line when the CCE is active will cause all three EpiSensor modules to respond with an acceleration output of ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION approximately 0 05 g per volt applied The exact calibration coil sensitivity is provided on the data sheet of each module This voltage mode is normally used for checking the response of the sensor remotely from a digitizer If you wish to use a current source to drive the calibration coils in a laboratory setting they may be accessed by removing the EpiSensor s deck cover The recorder provides all the necessary controls signals and connections to operate the calibration coils on the EpiSensor when it performs a functional test or SRT EEPROM The EpiSensor deck has a serial EEPROM that contains each sensor s serial number and calibration data This data can be loaded into the unit s parameter menu by typing DEF FAC at the Edit Prompt in Terminal Mode Note Since it is possible to accidentally alter this data be cautious about entering the sensor parameters for an internal EpiSensor deck Pole Zero Representation of the EpiSensor EpiSensor accelerometers are closed loop force feedback sensors measuring the relative displacement of a moving mass plates with respect
198. the menu at the top of the screen or use the appropriate command for your communication program When the Window File menu appears select the application program s correct path and name from the disk The filename format is bot img beginning with bot then five numbers then an img extension 7 Double click on this filename to transfer the Boot Loader program and click on OK to begin the uploading sequence ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Note 10 If you complete Steps 6 and 7 within the 40 second time period the next screen will appear AS TRANSHIT File F SALTUSS BOT 40106 1MG Blocks 32 ZZ EE Errors While the file is loading observe the XMODEM TRANSMIT screen The number in the Blocks header should increase It is not a problem if the number in the Errors header increases This means that XMODEM has had to retransmit a block of data This happens often Windows message will appear if a real problem occurs If the XMODEM TRANSMIT screen does not appear as shown above then you were not quick enough You must go back to Step 6 and repeat the procedure If the XMODEM TRANSMIT screen does appear go to Step 9 After the Boot Loader has uploaded successfully the recorder will redisplay the Boot Loader s main menu shown in Step 5 After you have completed loading the new Boot Loader enter X to restart the Boot Loader The new Boot Loader will start
199. the serial port ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 93 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 3 Every 1 10 second the system controller examines the various trigger streams to determine if the system should declare an event The basic unit of data storage in the recorder is this 1 10 second frame of data and time code If an event is declared the system controller opens a temporary file in the TMP directory on the primary PCMCIA device then begins transmitting the data into the file beginning with the pre event buffer 4 When the unit detriggers the system controller moves the temporary file into the event storage directory The controller then returns to monitoring the trigger condition The above describes the basic operation of all the boards except the power supply board and the front panel board The power supply board generates the operating and charging power for the system and its batteries while the front panel provides connections to the unit and the PC display The functions of all the boards are described in greater detail in the next section Most of the circuit boards have a serial EEPROM that contains the circuit board s serial number assembly drawing number revision and other data pertaining to the board s manufacturer Note See Appendix B ID Bus Address Assignments for the EEPROM addresses and an example of using the EEPROM diagnostic command in the terminal window to interrogate one of the serial EEPROM
200. tion before replacing the battery Battery Specifications E We strongly recommend that you purchase replacement batteries from Kinemetrics The battery is a 12V 12 amp hour sealed lead acid cell with Faston terminal tabs 0 250 x 0 032 equipped with a pressure relief valve that meets UL924 WARNING Fire or explosion hazard Do not install a nom rechargeable battery in the recorder Only install a sealed lead acid battery with specifications compatible with those above If you store a battery you should still charge it every six to nine months to prevent permanent loss of capacity You can float charge the battery at 13 5 13 8V or cycle charge the battery provided the current is limited to less than 2 4 amps and the voltage to less than 14 7V When the voltage reaches 14 7V the battery will be damaged unless you convert the cycle charging to float charging Kinemetrics ships batteries fully charged make sure a battery is still fully charged before installing it Battery Installation 80 Follow the instructions below and refer to Figure 24 to install a new battery ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Caution Before installing the new battery make sure 1t is fully charged If the battery is uncharged the recorder will charge it but this can take some time and if AC power is lost the unit s power autonomy will be reduced Install a new battery inside the recorder as follow
201. tion of this chapter before unpacking and examining the recorder Figure 1 K2 with its cover off Cover Latches two of four Leveling Foot one of three GPS Connector An optional shoulder strap may be purchased which allows the unit to be carried to remote field locations on foot Figure 2 shows the strap and the shoulder strap hooks to which it attaches DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 2 Shoulder strap and hooks optional The Kinemetrics PSA power supply assembly option is normally supplied with the unit Caution Potential equipment damage Read through the rest of these instructions and those in the Safety section before plugging the power supply into the AC mains ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 3 Inside the K2 rCalibratin Bubole fie a Tool 9 j Level PT PCMCIA Card EpiSensor Deck a Cover Alternate Slot a For Modem Optional Coble Harness _ Back of PCMCIA Board 4 to 5 Channels Battery ADC OSP Board Slot A PCMCIA Boord Mating Cannectar gt Telephone Optional Boord Port Graphic Disploy Leveling Bi Foot Cose Ground Stud RS232C Port Seriol Number Lobe Connector Board A typical K2 contains the following elements m Telephone or ISDN Internal PCMCIA modem connection Power Switch Toggle switch that either turns the K2 on or to a standby state Its two po
202. tional internal GPS a BNC bulkhead feed through connector is added to the recorder s case under the latch on the left side of the case The supplied antenna is connected to the BNC see the Altus GPS Timing System User Guide External Sensor Input The optional external sensor I O board connects the recorder to external sensors through a military style circular connector The inputs from the sensors are double stage transient protected and allow a maximum voltage of 14V on any input with respect to the recorder s PGP round and a maximum differential voltage of 26V across signal pairs THE K2 The outputs from the board 12V 12V the calibration coil and calibration enable lines are transient protected to prevent damage to the driving circuit in the recorder THE MAKALU The outputs from the board 13 75V 13 75V the calibration coil and calibration enable lines are transient protected to prevent damage to the driving circuit in the recorder Caution The K2 s 12V and the Makalu s 13 75 V power is designed to power the EpiSensor Other sensors and may require separate power supplies See Chapter 6 for more information The mating connector is supplied with the board It is an FCI 851 06EC14 19PN50 and can be ordered from Kinemetrics as P N 851119 Cables can also be ordered from Kinemetrics and further details of cabling to common sensor types can be found in Chapter 6 To ensure that the recorder meets th
203. to bring the inside of the unit to 0 C Operating Humidity The case of the recorder is designed to meet the requirements of a NEMA 6P enclosure equivalent to IP67 The system can operate in humidity levels of up to 100 and withstand occasional temporary immersion in water up to 2 meters in depth The system should not be continuously immersed as galvanic corrosion of the connectors will occur potentially destroying the system To ensure operation in high humidity the desiccant packet must be fresh and the case of the unit should be carefully sealed after opening Detailed Electrical Interface The standard electrical connectors are divided into seven types Each type N has different voltage current ratings When designing your own interface or cables be sure the signals are compatible to avoid damaging the recorder The types are listed below RS 232C inputs All inputs are RS 232C compatible except that because of the recorder s transient protectors the maximum input voltage must be limited to less than 14V ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 117 118 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION RS 232C outputs The outputs swing 10V nominal They are transient protected at 14V like the RS 232C inputs Type 1 signal inputs These inputs are active low and are designed to be driven by the recorder other Altus products SSAs or similar open collector outputs or devices with similar drive characteristics The input threshold
204. to the sensor case The sensor s transfer function TF depends almost entirely on the electronic components rather than on the mechanical components of the sensors The influence on the transfer function of the mechanical damping spring elements and internal RC low pass filter in the trans conductance amplifier stage within the closed loop path of the sensor are negligible for most applications We have determined a good empirical model of the system which uses two pairs of conjugate poles to represent the transfer function of the instrument If this transfer function is corrected for the DC sensitivity of the sensor the amplitude agreement is within 0 5 dB over the bandwidth of the sensor The phase agreement is within 2 5 in the 0 100 Hz band and within 5 over the full bandwidth of the instrument The phase response of the transfer function is fairly linear and equivalent to approximately 1 6 ms group delay for signals up to 200 Hz This model can be represented as where kl 2 46 x 10 k2 Sensitivity of sensor in V g s is the Laplace transform variable p 981 10091 Pole 1 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 97 98 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION p2 981 10091 Pole 2 p3 3290 12631 Pole 3 pa 3290 12631 Pole 4 V s is the Laplace transform of the output voltage A s is the Laplace transform of the input acceleration The figure below shows the amplitude phase and step response of this
205. tool are ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DocuMENT 302200 REVISION used for zero adjustment The Makalu has no bubble level or deck cover because it does not use internal EpiSensors Gain boards in the Makalu are installed in this location Caution Potential performance degradation The EpiSensor deck cover provides grounding for the EpiSensor deck Make sure it is attached during normal operation for the lowest noise performance m Battery Provides approximately 30 hours of power if the AC mains supply is interrupted or fails Note Actual power autonomy is dependent on the options installed The Makalu The Makalu is similar to the K2 in both function and appearance The photo below shows a 6 channel Makalu The ADC DSP boards are different and there is a plug in PCB shield installed in the third slot of the card cage Figure 4 6 channel Makalu recorder ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MAKALU amp K2 m Data is recorded to full 24 bit precision The least significant bit LSB is not used as a clip indicator The clip indicator has been moved to the frame header New versions of the support software support this change m The input full scale range is 40Vp p 10V differential each side This range is compatible with external EpiSensors with the low noise post amp configured for high gain and differential operation Other broadband sensors and seis
206. tput For this reason the LSB of the K2 s 24 bit data sample is set to 1 if a sample within the FIRs length is saturated This clip indicator can be used to check for saturated inputs MAKALU CLIP INDICATOR Due to the higher resolution inherent in data recorded by the Makalu the clip indicator has been moved from the LSB of the 24 bit data word sample to the 0 1 sec frame headers making the maximum dynamic range of the ADC and DSP filters available When QLWIN is used to view recorded data frames with raw clipped 2000 sps data samples will be indicated by a wider trace ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 125 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Clipped input data to the FIR filters is not always recognizable because of the smoothing effects of these filters Hard clipping will always be apparent The figure below sho ws the QLWIN display of a 50Vp p signal Figure 39 QLWIN display of 50Vp p signal Be certain to take clipping effects into account when analyzing large signals K2 GROUP DELAY In older versions of the K2 the group delay of the ADC and digital filters were not compensated and group delay was shown in the file header From application code 2 20 onward the group delay in the event file header is 0 0 and the time stamps are accurate for the first scan and the trigger scan 126 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table 14 Corrections made by the MCU in the K2 Non causal Causal Sa
207. trics com Configure causal FIR filtering as follows Start OuickTalk 1 Select Recorder and Acquisition Control then click on Edit Parameters The Edit Parameters dialog box appears 2 Click on From Recorder or From Disk to specify the source of the parameter file you want to edit 3 Click on Streams The Stream Parameters dialog box appears 4 Select Causal in the final Anti Alias Filter selection box This will select a filter with a bandwidth of 40 of the sampling frequency and an asymmetrical impulse response with no ringing before the signal but more ringing after the impulse ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 5 Click on OK then save the parameters file to the recorder or to disk if you plan to install the parameters file on the recorder later Or enter these parameters in the Terminal Window Parameter Editor with the Stream Filter command Refer to the Using QuickTalk amp OuickLook Software User s Guide for more information TRIGGER FILTERS Your selection of a pre trigger filter is determined by your application by seismic noise conditions at the site and by the type of sensors installed with the recorder The pre trigger filter pass band should encompass the maximum energy of expected seismic events The filter you select should have a pass band that doesn t coincide with the peak frequency components of seismic noise at the site thus discriminating against seismic noise s
208. uen Sie dieses bitte ehe Sie das Aufzeichnungsgeraet digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet am Netz anschliessen GEBRAUCH VOM EIGENEN NETZKABEL Falls Sie das Stromversorgungs Ladeger t gebrauchen stellen Sie sicher dass nur das mitgelieferte Netzkabel oder ein equivalentes IEC standard Netzkabel gebraucht wird Benutzen Sie nur ein Kabel in gutem Zustand GEBRAUCH VON EIGENE SICHERUNGEN Um Feuer zu vermeiden gebrauchen Sie nur Sicherungen die im Kapitel 4 in diesem Manuel beschrieben sind Stellen sie sicher das Spannung und Strom bereinstimmen Sicherungen sollten nur durch einen qualifizierten Techniker ausgewechselt werden Sie m ssen sicherstellen dass das Ger t nicht mehr an eine Stromversorgung angeschlossen ist bevor eine Sicherung ausgewechselt wird VERKABLUNG UND ERDUNG VOM SENSOR In Installationen wo FBA Sensoren vom Aufzeichnungsgeraet entfernt montiert sind und wo beide Sensoren und die Aufzeichnungsgeraet lokal geerdet sind ist es sehr wichtig dass sichergestellt wird dass alle angeschlossenen Einheiten am gleichen Spannungspotential geerdet werden Es k nnten anderenfalls gef hrliche Spannungspotentiale im Kabel entstehen NICHT IN EXPLOSIONSGEF HRDETE UMGEBUNG GEBRAUCHEN Der Aufzeichnungsgeraet und das Stromversorgungs Ladeger t haben KEINE EXPLOSIONS SCHUTZ von statische Entladungen oder funkgef hrdete Bauteile Gebrauchen sie die Ger te NICHT in Umgebungen mit explosiven Gasen ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER
209. ulttrate FIR filters in the following way The first stage filter A is a non causal FIR type filter with 47 coefficients at a 250 Hz sampling rate 57 coefficients at a 200 Hz sampling rate and 113 coefficients at a 100 Hz sampling rate The 2 kHz data stream from the A D converter is decimated by a factor of 4 at 250 Hz final sampling rate by a factor of 5 at 200 Hz sampling rate and by a factor of 10 at 100 Hz sampling rate All data from the A D converter enters the filter input buffer However filter output is calculated only at the fourth fifth or tenth sample depending on the final sampling rate The data output rate from the first stage filter is twice the final output data rate 500 sps for 250 sps output 400 sps for 200 sps and 200 sps for 100 sps output CAUSAL ACAUSAL FILTERING The finabstage filter B is either causal or acausal depending on your selection It has 137 coefficients at all sampling rates in acausal form and 111 in its causal form The final output is derived by applying the filter to every second sample and outputting the result K2 CLIP INDICATOR The ADC indicates when it senses an overload condition at its input This is represented as a full scale positive or negative input for that sample in the DSP As the DSP performs the FIR filtering this overload condition can be filtered down to an unsaturated value Thus there can be a situation when there is no indication of this overload condition in the final ou
210. umpers X1 and X2 route the channel 4 input from the 3 channel input board or the Auxiliary connector The shunts are shown as configured for use in the primary position for use in a 6 channel or 12 channel unit ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DocuMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 34 109440 K2 ADC DSP board w RNA Tae Y SATIN pases IS SS SS S p 20000 53555 58 hee ar2 E seule 5 23 838 O LS SE 55 SL D COTE meag 5 cae y PDT RN 2 gt Tia ne 5 SE sn 0000000000 ARA Es ps ss S 222555 Sf 5 agga sly A LER ae ss Dr Sep Spin y RNIS Eno E sitios DO Chi is 835383 z LH mis 000bo ee ARB rs A ne 2885 E 15858555 E Y Sees io ep psan hap ART _ 00000090 LR Les ch ooo ug ooo guonooe sg Zape ID or pianoa Bb mg 0000 409 2 By Tro we DONO red Q Zu a das T pa sg 0000 00080 eono 08000000 TE a o 5 00 oo oo F J000 on son anaonzon y 200801 008 0000000 0000000 4 7 Fe eme RNIO u4 o A oo GENERIEREN 33 y 00 00 O 2s E a oo 00800080 a ID 2 00 00 og u800000 00200600 pony o ment gt Er g 4 uno CRI u Ego nee OR oovooooeoooonge 00000090 fal 5 PP oe00000080000060 goBDD0S000000000 gol000000000O000 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 107 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 109590 MAKALU ADC DSP BOARD Like the K2 two jumpers are used to configure the bo
211. unication wherever landlines are unavailable impractical or too expensive Single line telephone communication with the recorder is possible anywhere cellular service is available This is particularly useful in remote sites that require data downloads All that is required for communication is a modem a RJ 11 jack and a cellular phone Not all phones are suitable however Select those that are DC powered and have a dial tone available we also recommend a transceiver with a 3 watt unit which will allow you to communicate even in fringe areas of cellular coverage We have tested the Teluar Canada PhoneCell SX system and found it to work reliably and successfully with the recorder The modem speed should be kept between 2400 4800 baud Our testing indicates that the PhoneCell can effectively transfer data at 4800 baud but we recommend that you experiment in the field to see which rate works best Digital Cellular Phones It is also possible to communicate with the recorder via a digital cell phone as provided m the U S by PacBell or Sprint s PCS service This technology 1s referred to outside of the U S as GSM To use GSM or PCS to transmit data requires A modem that supports GSM PCS phones and the necessary cable Kinemetrics has used Siemen s GSM Modem M1 m Data connection service normal digital phone accounts support only voice communication data transmission generally requires the purchase of additional service packages I
212. unications in a variety of ways This section explains how to configure the parameters correctly so you can use these options The recorder can be connected to the PC directly from the RS 232 port via an RS 232 cable The maximum length of an RS 232 connection is 50 feet ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 53 54 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION The recorder can also be connected to the PC via two modems an internal PCMCIA or an external modem at the recorder and an internal or external modem at the PC using a public telephone carrier Other devices such as Frame Relay Access Devices FRAD an ISDN modem or a spread spectrum modem can be used to implement the physical link between the recorder and the remote PC The physical connection between the recorder and the PC is invisible within QuickTalk except that the user must first establish a modem connection between the recorder and the PC RS232 DIRECT CONNECTION To communicate directly to the recorder using an RS232 cable the only configuration required is to match the baud rate of the instrument to the COM port of the PC This procedure is explained in the Quick Talk Quick Look Users Guide Modem and Other Remote Connections The recorder can be configured in several different telecommunication modes depending on your requirements Answer Mode System will answer a call on either the PCMCIA modem or its external modem This is the simplest telecommunications mode Auto Call
213. upply This can be used to calculate the autonomy of the system and to correctly size a solar charging system The values in the tables are inflated slightly to ensure that the expected battery autonomy is achieved Table 6 K2 system power requirements A A Current mA maus System Eu Recodo ao without ADC cards a 6 channel primary ADCeard 20 Secondary 6 channel ADC 20 External O boards J oo o 3 channel gain band S internal EpiSensor deck EpiSensor ES T standar J LEpisensor BS Tdownoise f io f Er L supply using 50 efficiency for power converters supplied value CI A A 5m 25m antenna Extended GPS system permanentlyon 25s E DS 5 rd cycle ee PCMCIA hard drive ts P max not power controlled fora ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Table 7 Makalu System power requirements E Current mA Pen System a alla iD N without ADC cards E DEERE 3 channel secondary ADC card f ns External VO boards wo o 3 channel gain board to EpiSensor ES T standard so o EpiSensor ES T Glow noise aso J o oo Other sensors calculate current from single 12V Customer E OT using 50 efficiency for power converters aa value GPS system EP pea ao anal on 5m 25m antenna ts GPS system 5 duty cycle 7 5m 25m antenna Extended GPS system permanently on 25 Extended GPS system 12 5 duty cycle PCMCIA modem max no
214. ure low noise operation and to serve as a ground return for EMI RFI and transients Such a ground does not work as a safety ground for protection against electrical shock This symbol means an alternating current AC power line This symbol means a direct current DC power line derived from an AC power line This symbol indicates an electrostatic sensitive device ESD meaning that when handling the marked equipment you should observe all standard precautions for handling such devices This symbol indicates that a particular step process or procedure is required to ensure the installation maintains conformity to European requirements These safety related terms appear in this manual Note Statements identify information that you should consider before moving to the next instruction or choice Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to the equipment the software or other property WARNING statements identify conditions or practices that could result in personal injury or loss of life ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY Specific Precautions Safety ii Follow the precautions below to ensure your personal safety and prevent damage to your Altus digital recorder The recorder is powered by an 18 24 VDC or 12 VDC supplied by the power supply assembly from external batteries or from the solar charging system The recorder can also contain an internal battery that can powe
215. veral packets with little or no signal between them With a standard STA LTA trigger algorithm such events are frequently dissected into several files or secondary packets and are not recorded at all In the recorder s algorithm when a signal falls below the de trigger threshold level for the first time the recorder begins watching for consecutive exceedence of de trigger threshold levels rather than for exceedence of the much higher trigger threshold level This feature makes the instrument more tigger sensitive immediately after each de triggering for a certain amount of post event time and thus allows for secondary packets within the same event file Makalu Dynamic Range amp Noise The Makalu noise floor yields a typical dynamic range of 129dB at 20 samples per second This figure has a deviation of approximately 1db over different instrument and channels within the instrument This corresponds to a dynamic range in bits of 21 5 This is precisely what the ADC chipsets used typically provide This dynamic range is computed in the most conservative way It is based on the ratio of the RMS level of a full scale peak to peak sine wave that is 40Vp p to the RMS value of the AC component of the noise Spectral techniques and additional filtering can be used to obtain higher values Before believing the dB calculation which is based on the ratio of the full scale RMS value to the RMS value of the noise a power spectral densit
216. w STA watches for earthquakes and measures the instant amplitude of the seismic signals The long time average window LTA takes care of the average value of seismic noise during the same period of time A ratio of both values the STA LTA ratio is continuously calculated and if it exceeds the preset STA LTA trigger threshold level a channel trigger is declared The channel de triggers if the STA LTA ratio falls below another pre set value the STA LTA de trigger threshold level STA LTA trigger ratio calculations are calculated according to the steps in Figure 20 All calculations are made for every data sample in every channel in the recorder assuring minimal time delay between the seismic event and the triggering ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Figure 20 Simplified flowchart of STA LTA calculations TRIGGER DATA where FILTER LSTA Length of STA in Samples FILTER DATA WITH CALCULATE STA SELECTED BANDPASSED STA STA _ LSTA 1 LSTA abs DATA LSTA CALCULATE LTA Note This flowchart is simplified a de a and does not show the STA LTA LLTA Length of LTA in Samples ratio partial freezing that occurs during an event to prevent coda truncation i LSTA CALCULATE STA LTA IF STA LTA gt STA LTA Trigger Threshold THEN Trigger IF Triggered AND STA LTA lt STA Trigger Threshold Detrigger Threshold Percent THEN Detrigger STA LTA Parameters
217. x channel recorder only and is not offered with an internal accelerometer It functions as a 3 or 6channel seismological or strong motion recorder In general terms a recorder functions in this way as the sensors pick up ground acceleration or velocity signals the recorder continuously monitors those signals to see if they satisfy seismic event detection criteria When the signals satisfy these criteria the recorder stores them as event data on a PCMCIA card for later retrieval Event data can be retrieved remotely via modem or telemetry or by a visit to the recorder site The recorder can also transmit a continuous stream of digital data in real time To set up and retrieve data requires an IBM compatible PC running Windows 2000 Windows NT 4 0 Windows 98 or Windows ME For your convenience the programs will also run under Windows 93 or 3 1 This avoids the expense of a specialized dedicated playback system ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Typically the watertight case contains the following components m System electronics m PCMCIA data storage modules which conform to Personal Computer Memory Card International Association standards PC card A battery EpiSensors optional on the K2 and unavailable on the Makalu These components are illustrated in Figure 1 which shows a typical K2 with the cover open Note Please read the Inspecting the Recorder sec
218. y ooonoocccnoccccnonccononcnononnconnnannnnnccnnnnos 152 User Supplied Charging Systems ocooococconcccnoncncnnnnnononcnnnnnccnonncncnnncninnnos 153 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Advanced Telecommunications Options ocoonoccccnocccononcninnncnnnnos Cellular Phone Connections Digital Cellular Phones y 35 12 scsssccaspaszevsdecadeasonnecdesndzecvatorses ISDN Access 2 id iS Frame Relay ACCESS a ua Spread Spectrum Radios asian ke Satellite Connections 7 Appendix A Formatted K2 Header File 8 Appendix B AA ea nas ee ET A eines A Le eaten 9 Index Table of Figures Figure 1 K2 with its Cover Off u a Figure 2 Shoulder strap and hooks optional Fig re 3 Taide the Rd a aan Eee Lia Figure 4 6 channel Makalu recorder Figure 5 Mounting dimensions Figure 6 K2 mounted with sufficient working space Figure 7 Drilling a hole for the anchor bolt Figure 8 Driving the anchor bolt and nut into the hole Figure 9 RS 232 cable assembly ooooonccnnncninccnocnconncconncannnnnnoss Figure 10 Internal battery sine nes ds Figure 11 Power supply assembly PSA Figure 12 Status displays u a usa Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 2
219. y PSD calculation is performed It is examined for any excessive spectral peaks Current acceptance criteria allow peaks at a maximum of 1 5dB in the flat portion of the PSD at 200 sps Typically a 30 minute record of 200 sps data is recorded with the inputs terminated using 100Q low noise resistors The performance of the unit at 250 sps offers a typical dynamic range of 128dB At lower sampling rates the dynamic range improves with typical values of 131dB at 100 sps 133 dB at 50 sps and 135 dB at 20 sps To obtain the best performance at low frequencies it is important that the unit is mounted in a thermally stable environment away from air currents A well designed seismic vault with fiberglass or polystyrene insulation to stop convection currents is a good test site for low frequency performance Note Allow the unit to thermally stabilize for several hours before running the tests ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 129 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION NOISE TESTING FOR THE MAKALU KWNTP is not recommended for use with the Makalu Instead use spectral processing to verify that the response is flat and use the ratio of RMS noise to RMS clip levels to compute dynamic range Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst SMA can be used for this purpose Alternately the KW2ASC and KW2CNTS can be used to create an ASCII file that can be processed with commercially available signal processing software packages The following PSD plot from
220. y useful In an emergency untrained personnel might need to visit the site to retrieve data ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION 3 Configuring amp Operating Instruments Overview The recorder can be configured to gather data for both strong and weak motion applications the purpose of your installation will determine the triggering and filter parameters that you set This chapter includes basic operating instructions and will frequently refer you to the Using QuickTalk amp QuickLook Software User s Guide Doc 302208 in the back of this binder for further specific instructions Configuring Instruments The K2 and Makalu are versatile instruments that can be used for a variety of tasks In this chapter we explain the different ways to configure them in order to record the kind of data you want More detail on the firmware Operation is included in the Reference chapter The K2 and Makalu are normally used as event triggered recorders To operate them correctly both what will be recorded and what will trigger the unit to record need to be set up The settings that affect these functions can be divided into the following areas m Station parameters These determine which channels are recorded and information on the instrument ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 37 DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION m Stream parameters These determine what sampling rate the instrument will record at how the da
221. your location you can find the correct deviation on a local topographical map If the instrument is installed in a structure it is normally aligned parallel to the structure s main axis If possible keep the same orientation for all recorders installed in the same building Figure 5 Mounting dimersions 0 27 7mm q 16 ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL DOCUMENT 302200 REVISION Keep a permanent record of the orientation you choose and of how and in relation to what the recorder is oriented This information is crucial to the proper analysis of recorder data To place the recorder inside an existing structure make sure the area is large enough and includes at least 8 10 inches 20 25cm of working space on each side of the unit see Figure 6 Allowing sufficient access space is crucial for the K2 because it has an internal sensor deck that may need to be accessed after installation Figure 6 K2 mounted with sufficient working space If the interior planned dimensions are large enough and the concrete pad is poured and prepared you are ready to mount the recorder unit Mounting the Recorder The next step is to decide how you are going to mount the recorder This section explains the following mounting procedures m Floor mounting recommended for all recorders but required for K2s w
222. ypes and sampling rates ooooonoccnonccnocnnonncnononannnnnnnonnnonns 45 Table 3 File stat s codes aa anne teen 66 Table 4 Acceptable voltage ranges for an operating recorder 78 Table 5 RUSS and rain een ie 84 Table 6 K2 system power requirements 114 Table 7 Makalu System power requirements 115 Table 8 EpiSensor static current drain from recorder power supply 116 Table 9 EpiSensor dynamic current drain 116 Table 10 RS 232C pin descriptions oooccooccnonnconncoonnnananonnnonnnccnncnnncnnnnoss 119 Table 11 External power connector descriptions ooooccnnccnnoccnonccannnnnnos 120 Table 12 Auxiliary pin descriptions ooconoccnoncnoonononcnonnnonnnonncconccanccnnnno 121 Table 13 External sensor input ar 123 Table 14 Corrections made by the MCU in the K2 127 Table 15 Corrections made by the MCU in the Makalu 127 Table 16 Range sensitivity calculations 138 Table 17 Output voltage level jumper settings ooconnncccnnoncccnocncnnannnos 140 Table 18 HypoSensor Connection 141 Symbols Terms Safety These symbols may appear on Kinemetrics equipment or in this manual When you see this symbol pay careful attention Refer to the similarly marked relevant part of this manual before servicing the instrument This symbol means a low noise earth ground The noted item should be grounded to ens
223. zero the alarm is latched until the CLEAR ALARM command is issued This output is an active low open collector transistor It is intended to be connected to recorder signal inputs SSA inputs or similar devices There is no pull up resistor on this line It must be pulled up by the input to which it is connected The maximum pull up voltage is 20V This output can sink 100 mA at 70 C with a saturation voltage of approximately 170 mV If this output is connected to inductive loads such as relays appropriate spike suppression diodes must be used Output is transient protected at 14V Powering External Equipment A 12V DC output is available on AUX IO connector pin M for powering external equipment The OPERATE STANDBY switch controls this output Current drawn should be less than 100 mA The ground return can be pin N P R T or U Controlling Power to External Telecomm Equipment Recorder application code controls the cellular phone power control CPPC signal The user can supply interface hardware to use this logic level signal to control power to cellular phones external modems or other devices CONNECTION The signal is available on the Auxiliary I O connector Pin F but you must set the EDIT mode command CELLULAR POWER_CONTROL because the line is shared with the 1 PPS out signal CALL IN CALL OUT WINDOWS The user can enable the CPPC line by setting start times and duration for five call in windows The warm up time w

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