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ProVIEW User`s Guide - Applied Coherent Technology

1. VX_TARGET _SOLAR_DIS TANC 14 44 VY_TARGET SOLAR_DIST ANCE 15 45 VZ_TARGET SUB_SOLAR_ AZIMUTH 16 46 TARGET_CE SUB_SOLAR_ NTER_DISTA LATITUDE NCE 17 47 SLANT_DIST SUB_SOLAR_ ANCE LONGITUDE 18 48 CENTER_LAT INCIDENCE ITUDE ANGLE 19 49 CENTER LO PHASE ANG NGITUDE LE 20 LATI 50 EMISSION A NGLE 2 LONI 51 LOCAL HOU R ANGLE 22LAT2 52 SOURCE DIS TANCE 23 LON2 53 SUB SOURCE _AZIMUTH 24 LAT3 54 SUB_SOURCE _LONGITUDE 25 LON3 55 SUB_SOURCE _LATITUDE 26 LAT4 56 SOURCE_INC IDENCE_ANG LE 27 LON4 57 SOURCE_PH ASE_ANGLE 28 58 HORIZONTA SOURCE_EMI L_PIXEL_SCA SSION_ANGL LE E 29 VERTICAL PI XEL SCALE ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 139 Table 1 SatVIEW output array description Example 1 Below is an example script file that determines image geometry information for all Clementine UVVIS images from revolution 68 in latitude bin d 60 to 50 latitude get a list of all uvvis images from revolution 68 list findfiles g lun068 luxxxxxx luxxxxxd lu 068 nlines list loop through all images and calculate geometry i 0 while i n read file and get image header fname 1list i x reada fname clemen pds image uncorr Shdr x text parse the header to get the image timestamp line getline S hdr START TIME temp Shdr line eqoffset getpos temp
2. pds ppm Raw Virtual vpf NetCDF Matrix_Vector_Algebra Mensuration PHIT Hyperspectral Plot Region_Ops ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual 4 4X X X He X He X X KH t Groi Logical t Interactive Selection t Overlapping Regions Row_Manipulations Satellite_Image_Mapping Coordinate_System_Xform Mosaics Spherical_Geometry Vector_Projection Statistics Sorting String_Ops System Trigonometric Functions Useful Data_Formatting Flow Control and Relational Operators Image Display Image Attributes Image Window Attributes MSHELL Interpreter Language 51 Math Error Handling In MSHELL floating point exceptions generate either results in the form of NOT A NUMBER NAN infinity INF or minus infinity INF The user must inspect an array for such an occurance to determine if invalid number are present in the array The example below illustrates manipulations that result in NAN or INF or INF The user can control how math related errors are reported using the system variable M matherrflag described under M in Appendix ready cos 1e38 NAN ready 1 0 INF ready 1 0 INF ready 0 0 NAN ready x 1 0 0 0 ready x 0 0 INF ready x 0 1 NAN ready log 0 INF ready log 1 0 3 14159
3. epoch temp 0 eqoffset42 eqoffset424 nepoch epoch 0 0 9 epoch 0 11 22 parse the header to get the instrument id line getline hdr INSTRUMENT ID temp Shdr line eqoffset getpos Stemp cam Stemp 0 eqoffset 1 eqoffsett 5 parse the header for the exposure duration line getline hdr EXPOSURE DURATION temp Shdr line eqoffset getpos temp exposure Stemp 0 eqoffset 1 eqoffset 8 satview expects integration time in seconds tint str2float exposure 1000 call SatVIEW with parameters calculated from header SatVIEW Snepoch MOON tint display sample values from the returned values y 0 33 35 i i 1 Detailed Description of Sat VIEW Computed Values VX_TARGET VY_TARGET VZ_TARGET lt km sec gt x y and z components of velocity vector of target relative to observer expressed in J2000 coordinates and corrected for light time evaluated at epoch at which image was taken Units are expressed in kilometers second TARGET_CENTER_DISTANCE lt km gt The target_center_distance element provides the distance between the spacecraft and the center of the named target expressed in kilometers SLANT_DISTANCE lt km gt Distance from spacecraft to camera boresight intercept point on surface expressed in kilometers CENTER_LATITUDE lt deg gt CENTER_LONGITUDE lt deg gt B 140 Appendix B Internal Functions Pr
4. ready b decimate 4 4 DDEInit Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip columnskip Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement ready b decimate 4 4 DDEPoke Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip columnskip Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement ready b decimate 4 4 DDEReqS Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip columnskip Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement ready b decimate a 4 4 DDEReqV Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip column
5. _Free void ARRAY a fn ER PR ak A ote lebe be eee sese se A a afe ARRAY test ARRAY al ARRAY a2 ARRAY a3 ARRAY a4 ARRAY a5 void SetFree void fn UN32 i j ARRAY InitA test al gt sizej al gt sizei 0 if c for i 0 i al sizej i for j 0 j lt al gt sizei j c gt re i j al gt re i j 10 0 return 56 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual In ProVIEW Command Shell Window ready loadDLL d proview 40 user test dll 0 ready x hammiw 8 8 ready y calIDLL test dll test x 0 0 0 0 ready show x meds datatypeis number of rows 8 number of columns 8 maximum value 1 minimum value 0 0064 ready show y data 15 real number of rows 8 number of columns 8 maximum value 11 minimum value 10 0064 ready _ MSHELL Interpreter Language 57 ProVIEW Web Interface ProVIEW Web is a CGI application that parses and processes field value pairs ProVIEW Web can be invoked as a result of an user submitting a form or explicitly as provweb exe _xtype value amp field1 value1 amp field2 value2 amp amp fieldn valuen The amp character is used to delimit the various field value pairs Note that since the character is used to separate the field value pair you can not use it explicitly i
6. ct Tiedt Figure 1 Sample ProVIEW screen In addition Figure 1 provides examples of some of the different types of ProVIEW Windows Command Line Image Script and Plot A description of each of the different ProVIEW windows follows Command Shell Window It is in this window that you can interact directly with MSHELL ProVIEW s command line interpreter Commands typed in this window are executed by the MSHELL interpreter It is from within this window that script files are normally invoked see ProVIEW Script Files msf msh vsh on page 4d Also any text output is normally sent to this window Note that in ProVIEW most of the menu item or icon selections are converted directly to commands in the MSHELL Interpreter Language see page Image Window Prior to enabling the An image window provides a visual representation of a two dimensional array of display of an image the numbers In ProVIEW there are several different ways to enable an image window for user can control many the display of an existing array variable attributes that will affect how the image is to be displayed see section xx for details e from the Command Shell Window using the View command see Appendix B following this section on page B 87 or e from the menu by selecting the FilelOpen Image option Once the image is open you can exercise a good deal of control over how it is displayed see ImagelOptions on page Additionally yo
7. Freq_Ops DCT Spatial_Ops Gradient_Ops T Local Statistics Morphological Resampling Oe nterpolation Irregular_Sampling Resolution_Enhancement Spatial_Blurring Fitting_and_Estimation Fractals Geo_Xform Rot2D Rot3D HTML_Tools Intensity_Mapping t Look Up Table Operators Radiometric A 64 Appendix A Function Tree ProVIEW User s Manual ProView User s Manual x X X x X X X X X X X X V Data Formats aess Ceos pds ppm Raw Virtual vpf NetCDF Matrix_Vector_Algebra Mensuration PHIT Hyperspectral Plot Region_Ops Groi_Logical Interactive_Selection Overlapping_Regions Row_Manipulations Satellite_Image_Mapping Coordinate_System_Xform Mosaics Spherical_Geometry V Vector Projection Statistics Sorting String_Ops System Trigonometric Functions Useful Data_Formatting Flow Control and Relational Operators Image Display Image Attributes Image Window Attributes Appendix A Function Tree 65 Appendix B Internal Functions re Listing Of ProVIEW s MSHELL Interpreter ProVIEW s MSHELL Internal Functions by Category A complete list by category of the the internal functions is
8. 111 1 Home riveri m wiswj z ES DON mel bd E TiaWwi slgrtwHo0N aragwg 440 WooH m wise lage make 1 vieible TERT TD DITPUT IMAGS E calibrgtad image mramirc spatial reeeloesen Em JH Stat Tisser Haw Roman iB cnlc ragw z3 1 l AOE msg by Cerp baxtrsarlay HOON taxt T Maw Fean 2B raw AO arawa i5 Stem o Mefiael Topographic Hap from dgoddapd taxte sstl y HOON Frakt Tirap Mee Roman cee i cre Vnew Makes Disk Space for Virtual Image Syntax Vnew fname nrows ncols bytes_per_pixel Description This function is used to allocate disk space in a disk file where fname is the string variable holding the file name to use nrows is the number of rows in fname ncols is the number of columns in fname and bytes per Pixel is the number of bytes per pixel in fname Returns status of 0 for good See Also Vclose Vopen Vopen Makes Virtual Variable Link to File Syntax V Vopen fname M N format offset roi access Description This function establishes a link between the Virtual Variable V and a disk file fname where M is the number of rows in fname is the number of columns in fname byte format is determined by the list below offset must be set to zero and Toi is a valid rectangular region of interest within fname Also the access parameter has been adde
9. Description This is a type of loop which runs until the condition stated is nolonger met wmove Move a Region of Interest Syntax wmove roi row col Description Given a valid rectangular region of interest roi originally defined using wdef this function will generate a new region of interest which is a translated version of the input ROI where row and col are the row and column coordinates of the upper left of the translated region of interest and roi is the input region of interest wolut Wide Open Look Up Table Syntax wolut ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 163 Description This is used to apply one of the look up tables to a particular image The wolut is a single row of 0 to 255 which then points to a particular combination of the three row tables for red green and blue which have been previously defined O gray 1 gray 2 pseudocolor 3 inverse pseudocolor 4 user defined writea Write Array to Disk Syntax writea fname a mode Description Write an array a to file fname on the disk in the indicated mode using any of the supported formats See Also readajon page i31 writecolor Writes a Color Image Syntax writecolor path filename ext r g b image type Description Used to write a color image to disk using the three red r green g blue b image color arrays The image type string is simply the type of image t
10. A m 0 00 120 00 104 00 88 00 72 00 56 00 40 00 longitude Figure 11 Plot for World Coordinates Data DatalLoad This menu item allows one to load in a data set from a file DatalSave This menu item allows one to save a data set as a file DatalFitting This menu item allows for the use of linear and bilinear interpolation when constructing a curve from data points 28 Graphical User Interface ProVIEW User s Guide DATA FITTING lt Figure 12 Data Fitting Dialog Box DatalFormatting This menu item is used for the formatting of different types of data sets so as to be manipulated correctly DATA SERIES Figure 13 Data Formatting Dialog Box DatalSeries This menu item is utilized for the creation of various specific type data sets DATA SERIES 7 E s y E E Figure 14 Data Series Creation Dialog Box Functions Functions Mathematical This menu option provides an interface to many of the mathematical functions ProView User s Manual Graphical User Interface 29 30 Graphical User Interface MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS Figure 15 Mathematical Functions Dialog Box Functions Trigonometric This menu option provides an interface to many of the trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS Figure 16 Trigonometric Functions Dialog Box Functions Statistical This menu option provides an interface
11. NORTH AZIMUTH xxxxx xxx deg Analogs to smear azimuth but applies to the target north poledirection vector SUB SPACECRAFT LATITUDE deg SUB SPACECRAFT LONGITUDE deg Planetocentric latitude and longitude of spacecraft to centerbody center surface intercept vector These parameters and the SPACECRAFT ALTITUDE and SUB SPACECRAFT AZIMUTH parameters described below are relative to the central body for which the spacecraft is orbiting and not the target of the observation SPACECRAFT ALTITUDE km Altitude of spacecraft above reference ellipsoid Distance ismeasured to closest point on ellipsoid SUB SPACECRAFT AZIMUTH deg Azimuth angle of sub spacecraft point in image Method of measurement is same as for smear azimuth see above X SC Y SC Z SC km X y and z components of position vector from observer to sun center expressed in J2000 coordinates and corrected for light timeand stellar aberration evaluated at epoch at which image was taken Units are kilometers VX SC VY SC VZ SC lt km sec gt X y and z components of velocity vector of sun relative to observer expressed in J2000 coordinates and corrected for light time evaluated at epoch at which image was taken Units are kilometers second SPACECRAFT SOLAR DISTANCE km Analogous to target center distance but Sun replaces target body in computation ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 141 SOLAR_
12. a Example The following demonstrates the process ready a randu 7 100 ready medianr a row 0 0 46 0 53 0 47 0 48 0 47 0 53 0 48 menusel Selects a Menu Item in a List Syntax menusel title options Description Returns the row position for the desired option within the options list The title of the menu must be passed along with the options Example The following demonstrates the process ready menuv menusel Some ProVIEW Demos options Some Pro VIEW Demos ptions DO ALL NON INTERACTIVE DEMOS 1 Image Rotation Example 2 Different Plotting Modes 3 Image Gradient and Hough Transform 4 Moon Rotation from file list cine loop 5 Mandelbrot Fractal B Image Warping Selection DO ALL NON INTERACTIVE DEMOS meter Displays a Metering Toolbar Syntax meter string value Description Draws a meter toolbar on the lower right hand corner of the screen The first argument string is a text string used for description purposes The second argumet value is a scaler whose value controls the behavior of the meter toolbar If value lt 0 the meter toolbar is erased if 0 lt value lt 100 the meter toolbar is drawn with value as a percent If value gt 100 an error occurs Example The following script file draws a meter toolbar i 0 while 1 lt 100 i l meter hello i meter hello 1 B
13. Intensity_Mapping mirror image columns mirror image rows perform a cyclic translation perform a non cyclic translation Look Up Table Operators heqlut hyplut select weolut wolut B 68eAppendix B Internal Functions uniform histogram equalization look up table hyperbolic histogram look up table used to select an output look up table for an image complete user definition of output look up tables user defined output look up table ProVIEW User s Manual xlut IO calIDLL closef dbclose dbconnect dbsqltr DDEExec DDEInit DDEPoke DDEReqS DDEReqV transform input through a look up table calls a DLL for execution after having been loaded close a file previously opened with openf closes the connection to a database creates a connection to a local or network database posts a formatted string to the database for submission Dynamic Data Exchange execution Dynamic Data Exchange initialization Dynamic Data Exchange polling Dynamic Data Exchange request returned as a string Dynamic Data Exchange request returned as a vector DDETermDynamic Data Exchange termination END iboxlist include inputbox load loadDLL openf print reada readf readtext return save writea writecolor writef ends execution of a script allows for choice of input options invoke a ProVIEW script file input a value from keyboard into a list load arrays from disk loads a DLL into memory and registers it with ProVIEW open a
14. MDB command DDEExec chan1 command DDETerm chan1 Query Database topic database SQL chanl DDEInit MSAccess topic temp SELECT NEW_IMAGENAME status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp FROM header status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp WHERE status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp SENSOR_NAME UVVIS status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp AND FILTER 2V BV AND MISSION_PHASE LUNAR AND MAPPING status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp AND CENTER_LATITUDE gt 14 0 AND LATITUDE 35 0 status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp AND CENTER_LONGITUDE gt 25 0 AND CENTER_LONGITUDE lt 30 0 status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp temp status DDEPoke chan1 SQLText temp res DDEReqS chan1 Data if strlen res gt 0 query query n res DDETerm chanl CS 54 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual User Provided Functions as Dynamic Link Libraries DLL ProVIEW permits the users to provide their own functions via dynamic link libraries Following are the steps required to make use of this capability First write a C program containing the code you want to execute Include user h in the header section user h is included as part of the installation The functions t
15. McGraw Hill Book Company 1979 ProView User s Manual Overview 9 Installation System Requirements The system requirements to use ProVIEW are An 80386 80486 or PENTIUM PC running Microsoft Windows 3 x with Win32S or Windows NT A hard drive with at least 10 Megabytes of available disk space A minimum of 4 Mbytes of RAM for Windows 3 1 and a minimum of 16 Mbytes for Windows NT The more memory available the larger the images that ProVIEW can handle A 3 5 inch high density disk drive CDROM or internet connection depending on the source of installation A Microsoft Windows supported High Resolution Video Graphics Adapter Card The image resolution and the number of brightness levels gray levels that can be achieved in the display depend on the video graphics card and monitor used A Microsoft or other compatible mouse A parallel port to install the ProVIEW electronic key Installing ProV IEW ProVIEW must be installed on a hard disk in your computer that has at least 10 Mbytes of free space available To Install ProVIEW 10 Installation While the computer is off attached the ProVIEW electronic key to the parallel port of your computer This device will not interfere with your printer in any way and is needed in order to access the full functionality and capabilties of the ProVIEW environment Turn on the computer and the monitor start Windows ProVIEW User s Guide e Once in Window
16. ProVIEW User s Manual Table of Contentse iii ProVIEW User s Manual iv Table of Contents ProView User s Manual ProVIEW User s Manual Table of Contentse v Overview What Is ProVIEW ProView User s Manual ProVIEW is an interactive command line and menu driven Image and Signal Processing Environment which runs as a 32 bit application under Microsoft Windows 3 x utilizing Win32s and Windows NT ProVIEW provides powerful scientific image and signal processing and visualization capability by affording you Algebraic and matrix operations using mathematically intuitive syntax Support of relational operators and flow control through the built in MSHELL image processing language interpreter Floating point image processing computations for high accuracy which support both real and complex number operations Over 300 operators FFT convolution edge detection Geometric operations re size and rotate images using unequal horizontal and vertical scaling The ability to call your own functions as a Dynamic Link Library DLL The ability to query Microsoft Access databases using ProVIEW s DDE capabilities Flexible display of multiple images plots and scripts Contrast processing linear stretching intensity range remapping Pseudo Color Lookup Tables for each Image with as many colors as the hardware permits Interactive 2D 3D and Contour Plots Multiple image format support ASCII
17. ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual ImagelSet ROI The Graphical User Interface in ProVIEW allows you to define a rectangular region of interest interactively using the mouse Note that all array variables have an implicit region of interest defined see Reson oF nieres Manipulation on page This menu option allows you to define such a rectangular region of interest in the image with the input focus in the following manner 1i Select the ImagelSet Roi menu option 20 Take the cursor back to the image and place it at the desired starting point of the rectangular window 30 Press the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the desired end point 47 Release the left mouse button ImagelStatistics Using the ImagelStatistics menu option the you can compute basic statistics over the active region of interest ROI of the active image As illustrated in Figure 6 the statistics window provides for the selected ROI e An image of the ROI e A normalized sum of ROI s columns e normalized sum of ROI s rows e A Histogram of the image of the ROI e The dimensions of the ROI e The Minimum Maximum Mean and Standard Deviation of the pixel values within the ROI and e The row and column Centroid of the ROI expressed in pixel coordinates of the original image Graphical User Interface 23 24 Graphical User Interface Figure 6 This screen illustrates the ImagelStatistics w
18. e e cosh x 2 covm Covariance Matrix Estimation Syntax covm a or a covm Description Computes an unbiased estimate of the covariance matrix established by the column vectors in a The actual estimation is done using the following equation 1 1 1 t I a 4 i 0 where is the i column in a and a sumc a is the column vector resulting by averaging each row in a See Also Fukunaga K Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition for a detailed definition ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 91 D dbclose Closes access to an external database Syntax dbclose database Description Use this command to close the alerady opened database Example The following line will close the connection to the database Clemen ready status dbclose Clemen dbconnect Connects to an external database Syntax dbconnect database Description Use this command to connect to an external datbase The string passed is the name which has been previouly defined for the database in the ODBC administration tool Example The following line connects to the external database Clemen for access ready status dbconnect Clemen dbsqltr Transacts with an external database Syntax dbsqltr query lt filename gt Description Use this command to post the passed string as the next query for the previously connected
19. is equivalent to plot real y imag y See Also M System Variables on page for a complete list of system variables which affect the plot function Example The following MSHELL instructions generate two ramp vectors in memory x and and plot sin y as a function of cos x see Figure below and code following B 126eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual 0 50 0 004 1 00 0 50 0 00 0 50 1 00 Figure 5 ready 0 3 14159 5 0 1 ready 340 5 x ready M ylabel sin y ready M xlabel cos x ready plot sin y cos x plot2image Plots an Image from Input Syntax plot2image image vec Description This is used to build polygons and then fill them with a particular color or intensity image is the image on which the polygons will be built vec is a complex vector in which intensity and co ordinates are defines Example xcoord intenisty xcorner xcorner2 xcorner3 xcorner4 ycoord O ycornerl ycorner2 ycorner3 ycorner4 vec complex xcoord ycoord plot3d 3 D Plot or Mesh Plot Syntax plot3d z Description This function generates a hidden line surface plot using the values of an input array Z The plot3d function requires as arguments a real array z with two or more rows and two or more columns You can also provide a row and column axis vector for annotation The parameter in th
20. var Variance Syntax var a or a var Description Given an input array a var a computes the variance of the elements in a The variance is computed using the following expression 212 var a a where JI j 0 112 is the sample mean of 7 for all j i J I i 0 j 0 where j i respectively row and column indices varname Returns the Variable Name Syntax varname variable Description This command returns the name of the highlighted variable as a string This can be used after having used a user defined menu command with an inputfocus call This will allow for the name of the variable to be known vartype Returns the Variable Type Syntax vartype variable Description This is used to pass the type of the specified variable to the screen so that the user knows what type a particular variable is Type is a number which can be one of the following possibilities 0 means that the variable does not exist 1 signifies an integer or array 2 signifies a string Vclose Closes Virtual Variable Link Syntax Vclose V Description This function is used to close the link between the virtual variable V and the disk file it was previously attached to by Vopen See Also Vnew and Vopen vec2image Vector Format to Image Format Syntax vec2image ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 159 Description From the command line
21. 3 4 3 10 0 X row 0 0 00 4 00i 3 00 3 001 conj Array Conjugate Syntax conj a or a conj Description This function returns the complex conjugate of each element in the input array a i e it changes the sign of the complex part Example For example if x 4431 then conj x returns 4 31 contour Generates a contour plot Syntax contour z zlevels Description This function generates a contour plot of the image or sub image region selected where z is a real array with at least 2 rows and 2 columns zlevels is the row vector with the contour levels that will be used and is the Plot Screen Number B 88eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Instead of Zlevels you can use the following instruction to generate 11 different levels between the maximum and minimum value of z z min z max z min 0 1 0 1 The parameter in the contour function is an optional integer number between 0 and 255 that selects the plot screen where the plot will be placed If an integer number from 0 to 255 is provided in this field the generated plot can be indexed from then on by that number For example if x is an array then contour3 z 0 5 0 75 will plot a contour plot of array z on plot screen number 3 using for contour levels 0 5 and 0 75 If later on you want to free that screen type free plot3 See Also M System Variables on page for a complete list of system variab
22. Every image variable has associated with it a rectangular region of interest When a variable is created this region of interest is set to be the whole image The coordinates of the defined region of interest can be easily accessed at the command line by appending vroi to the image name For example the following line of code extracts the coordinates MSHELL Interpreter Language 37 that define the variable region of interest vroi of an already defined variable say X and assigns it to a user defined variable called regionc ready regionc X vroi The notation X vroi can be viewed as if vroi is an attribute of X Tr 1 2 1 gt iar d lnesadad 1 1 mitu nymamp C ma eee a 255 11 F Figure 5 Illustrates test attributes on an image x m_aoi allows access to the actual pixel values defined by the region of interest associated with an array Given an array variable say X the actual pixel values can be easily accessed the command line by appending aoi to the image name For example ready subimage X aoi extracts the subimage defined by X vroi and assigns it to a user defined variable called subimage This could also be done using the following notation ready subimage X X vroi ProVIEW provides different ways to operate over regions of interest For example to add 10 to all pixels falling within the defined region of int
23. ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 155 or other program named by the string command To be located and executed the program must be in the current directory or in one of the directories listed in the PATH string in the environment In the case of the string consisting of a an executable command batch file or program you will be returned to the ProVIEW prompt upon completion of the executable If the the string consists of a non executable statement or is nullthen return to ProView will require you to type exit at the DOS prompt The COMSPEC environment variable is used to find the command processor program file so that file need not be in the current directory Example The following operations illustrate the function ready system edit c autoexec bat go to DOS edit the file ready when done returns to the ready ProVIEW prompt directly ready ready system opens a DOS window e gt rem at the DOS prompt you can execute operating c gt rem system commands batch files or other DOS c gt rem programs when done type EXIT c gt exit rem to return to the ProVIEW prompt ready ready to continue working ready in ProVIEW ready ready System dir s b dir lst creats and stores a listing ready Slist readtext dir lst of files in a directory B 156eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual tan Tangent Syntax tan a
24. a hello if a hello x text2image a view Look Up Table Manipulation Look up tables are primarily used to map intensity values displayed on the screen Output LUTs have 256 entries numbered 0 through 255 corresponding to the 256 possible different intensity values or colors ProView User s Manual MSHELL Interpreter Language 45 Output LUTs Before an image in memory is displayed on the screen it goes through an output LUT The image s pixel values are used as indices into the output look up table the output of which is displayed on the screen Image data is transformed through the currently selected output LUT whenever an image is being displayed on the screen Using the select command the user can select which is the active output look up table For example to select olut3 as the active LUT use the following command select wolut3 The user can read the first 3 output look up tables For example x weolut0O copy olutO intox Inspecting x will show that it corresponds to 3 rows of data each row with 256 entries corresponding to the red green and blue components of the pseudo color LUT Look up table weolut3 is a user defined output look up table e g wcolut3 is set to the histogram equalization LUT of image X weolut3 heqlut X The following lines modify wcolut3 to provide intensities of red initialize wcolut3 red 0 255 1 green 0 255 1 blue 0 255 1
25. reads image object ready x reada lual472h 202 clemen_pds_image_uncorr ready reads browse image object ready x reada lual472h 202 clemen pds browse uncorr ready reads histogram object ready x reada lual472h 202 clemen pds hist uncorr readf Formatted File Read Syntax readf unit format arrayname or readf unit format stringname Description This function is used to perform a formatted read of a scalar or a string from a file unit which has already been opened using the openf command Only one value or string can be read at a time The format string follows a similar form to the language formatting options where s is used for strings and f 96g e are used for floating point numbers The first command above is used for reading a value into an already existing array After executing the readf the array will have dimensions of 1x1 i e a scalar The second command above is used for reading a string into an already existing string variable If the readf is successful it will return a value of 0 On end of file eof a value of 1 is returned ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 133 See Also openf on page 125 and M path under M System Variables on page Example Assuming that unit 1 has been already open with an openf statement and that the variables x and name are respectively an array variable and a string variable then the followin
26. then b will be subtracted from all the elements in a Example The following MSHELL statement will subtract array b from a and store the result in c ready c a b Matrix Multiplication Syntax a b Description The operator symbol is used to perform the multiplication of two matrices or arrays The multiplication follows the rules of matrix multiplication used in linear algebra bay for all j i where j i row and column indices respectively An error message will be generated if the number of columns in is not equal to the number of rows in b If a is a scalar and b is not or vice versa every element in b will be multiplied by a Example The following MSHELL statements illustrate simple examples of array multiplication B 76 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready a ones 3 3 creates 3 x 3 matrix with all ones ready b ones 1 3 creates 1 x 3 vector with all ones ready a prints row 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 row 1 1 00 1 00 1 00 row 2 1 00 1 00 1 00 ready b prints b row 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 ready b a multiply row vector b by matrix a 10 0 X row 0 3 00 3 00 3 00 ready a b an invalid multiplication gt gt gt error 4 incompatible dimensions ready b 4 multiply each element of b by 4 row 0 4 00 4 00 4 00 Array Element Mu
27. wcolut3 red O green O blue ProVIEW Script Files msf msh vsh Script files provide a powerful tool to achieve repetitive processing tasks in a simple manner There are two types of script files in ProVIEW i e FUNCTION files and Include files Function Files msf A ProVIEW FUNCTION file or external function permits the user to define its own functions using the ProVIEW language syntax Local variables defined within a FUNCTION file are automatically erased by the ProVIEW interpreter when the script file is finished Syntax A valid ProVIEW FUNCTION must follow the following rules 46 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual function names must be limited to eight characters The instructions of a ProVIEW FUNCTION must be stored in a file with the same name as the function e g if the function name was MYFUNC then the file name must be MYFUNC MSF Notice the addition of the msf extension Only one function per file Array and string variables can be used as input and output arguments If a variable is not defined at the present function level the interpreter will look for it at the previous function level If the variable is not found there it will keep looking for it at the next function level until it encounters the variable or stops with an error The first eight characters in the file must be the string FUNCTION follow by the list of output arguments equated to t
28. 118 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual min Minimum in Array Syntax min a or a min Description Find the minimum value of all the elements in the input array Note that this function is only valid for real input arrays Example The following demonstrates the process ready a 2 2 1 2 row 0 2 00 1x00 0 00 1 00 2 00 row 1 2 00 1 00 0 00 1 00 2 00 ready min a 2 minof Element by Element Minimum Syntax minof a b Description Compute the minimum on an element by element basis In general the two input arrays must have the same dimensions The only exception to this is when one of the input arrays is a scalar Note that this function is only valid for real input arrays Example The following demonstrates the process ready b 4 4 2 2 ready b row 0 4 00 2 00 0 00 2 00 4 00 row 1 4 00 2 00 0 00 2 00 4 00 ready a 0 4 1 2 ready a row 0 0 00 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 row 1 0 00 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 ready minof a b row 0 4 00 2 00 0 00 2 00 4 00 row 1 4 00 2 00 0 00 2 00 4 00 minr Row Minimum Syntax minr a Description Computes the minimum for each row of array a and strores these values as a column vector momentr Row Wise Moment Syntax momentr a x Description Compute the x moment along each row of the input array where x can be real or complex The moment of the j row is defined as ProVIEW User s G
29. 2336 128 cos angle 6926 128 sin angle 256 256 flyby V roi i itl meter 1 vpftblinfo Virtual Region of Interest Syntax image vroi Description Used to store a previously defined region of interest make it virtual vroi Virtual Region of Interest Syntax image vroi Description Used to store a previously defined region of interest make it virtual B 162eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual W wclose Closes all Screen Windows Syntax wclose Description Closes all the windows presently opened in the ProVIEW environment wcolut Z Color Look up Table Syntax weolut Description Used to list and define all three rows red green blue of a color look up table O gray 1 inverse gray 2 pseudocolor 3 inverse pseudocolor 4 user defined wdef Define a Region of Interest Syntax wdef ul_row ul_col nrows ncols Description This function is used to define a region of interest or window where ul row and ul are the upper left pixel coordinates of the region of interest nrows and ncols are respectively the number of rows and columns contained in the region of interest Example The following command defines roil to be a 16 x 16 rectangular region of interest with upper left corner at row 8 and col 6 ready roil wdef 8 6 16 16 ready froi f roil extracts subimage while While Loop Syntax while condition statements counter
30. Array Interval Delimiter Syntax x n Description Used to denote an interval of rows or columns Example The following illustrates the use of the array interval delimiter To extract column number 3 of an array x type B 80 Appendix Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready x 9 3 To extract row number 2 in x and assign it to y type To extract the sub array in x defined by rows 3 to 5 and columns 2 to 10 and copy to y type ready x BS 2910 To insert the array into the array x starting at row 8 and column 0 type ready x 8 0 y To extract an image block starting at row 9 and column 20 type ready 9 20 Logical Relational Operators lt Less Than Operator gt Greater Than Operator lt Less Than or Equal To Operator gt Greater Than or Equal To Operator Equivalent To Operator Inequivalent To Operator amp amp Logical AND Operator II Logical OR Operator Syntax expression OPERATOR expression2 Description These operators are used to perform logical checks on certain desired expressions Example Notice the use of separating parenthesis to establish precedence in the example below if I 4 8 amp amp gt 3 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 81 AE abs Absolute Value Syntax abs a or a abs Descripti
31. GROI Generalized regions of interest provide a powerful syntax to perform operations on pixels that do not fall within a rectangular region in an image A number of functions can return generalized regions of interest e g gtindex Itindex and eqindex Once a generalized region of interest has been defined it can be used as an argument in array expressions Example 1 The following statements will set all the pixels in an image X which fall within the values of 100 and 110 to 0 zroi rindex X 100 110 X zroi 0 Example 2 The following statements will compute the mean value of all those pixels in an image X which have an amplitude less than or equal to the brightest pixel in X zroi Itindex X X max mean X zroi Generalized region of interest allows for the manipulation of disjoint regions of interest in an image In this method the pixel coordinates are stored as a complex row vector The length of the vector corresponds to the number of pixels identified within the generalized region of interest The real part of the row vector serves as a column index to the pixels while the complex part serves as a row index Program Flow Control and Relational Operators The if if else and while statements are used in ProVIEW to alter the flow within a script file or to cause iteration The range of each of these statements is a compound statement consisting of statements enclosed in brackets IF Statement if expression
32. Image Mensuration Dialog Box The values of yvalue and xvalue are computed as xval col dx x0 and yval row dy y0 Given an image say x the user can modify the image mensuration values of this image directly from a script file by modifying the following intrinsic image attributes 0 dx dy For example the selection done through the user dialog box above could be done within a script by typing the following lines here the image name is eqohare egohare m x0 300 eqohare m_y0 4000 eqohare m_dx 25 eqohare m_dy 25 view eqohare Plot Plot The plot menu allows you to generate plots used to modify the way that an existing plot can be displayed When the PLOT menu is selected it will work on the plot window that has the input focus PlotlSettings This selection is used for modifying the plot options and axis attributes Graphical User Interface 27 E 0 OEE HELL LET sm 17 F Aaa Jean o _ ag Lea Seats list 5 MCE Soe MEI Scale limi i er ipb min F eae r I e NE NN 7 Lia Coka Bien Pn Hate H n _ ral 8 Figure 10 Plot Settings Dialog Plot World This menu item allows one to view any section of the word by double clicking on the map and then entering in the desired coordinates of interest 0 The World u 3
33. User menu along with its corresponding menu items will appear between the Operators and Window menu headings once started ready addmenuitem Menu ready addmenuitem More ready addmenuitem Functions ready addmenuitem Special ready addmenuitem Commands ready Figure 25 Illustrative Use of the Addmenuitem Command Graphical User Interface 33 ProViIEW 4 0 More Functions Special Commands Figure 26 Corresponding Menu Creation from the above Command List 34 Graphical User Interface ProVIEW User s Guide MSHELL Interpreter Language Language Syntax Introduction At the heart of ProVIEW is the MSHELL interpreter developed by ACT MSHELL is a 32 bit image signal processing language which allows you to perform complex operations using a simple almost intuitive syntax In the following sections we will introduce you to this language and discuss it s syntax Variable Names and Types In general a variable name can be any alphanumeric string starting with a letter followed by a combination of letters and or digits The following are legal alphanumeric variable names X x10 OutputImage Note that variable names should be kept under 15 characters Additionally there are a number of reserved keywords and symbols used by the interpreter that cannot be used as variable names A list of these keywords together with a description of their use is found in the section Appendix A List of Int
34. amp lon 5 903 amp cmd include test ProVIEW Web will interpret the various field value pairs as follows Field Value Translation lat 36 1216 lat 36 1216 lon 5 903 lon 5 903 cmd include test include test If the contents of the script file test msh is as follows show all lat lon coord lat lon nThe coordinate you selected is coord n lt H2 gt Thanks for using ProVIEW Web lt H2 gt the output of ProVIEW Web bottom frame looks like this ProView User s Manual MSHELL Interpreter Language 59 Welcome to ACT s ProVIEW Web Microsoft Internet Explorer Of xi File Edt View Go Favorites Help a d Forward Stop Refresh Home Search Favorites Histo Address http www acme com dummy htm Links Latitude 216 Longitude 5 303 Submit ipaddr i 14 string lat i 7 string 1on 1 6 string 36 1216 5 903 The coordinate you selected is 36 1216 5 903 Thanks for using ProVIEW Web lp ee 60 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide Recent Changes Recent Changes that have been made to the ProVIEW functions will be documented here as well as a listing of their date of effectiveness Added Functions At this time no new functions have been added to the ProVIEW Imaging System Further functions will be listed here Updated Functi
35. and number of records filename is a string containing the name of the shapefile file bbox is a 1x4 array containing the bounding box of the region of interest Xmin Ymin Xmax Ymax size is a 1x2 array containing the desired image size rows columns and is either a Nx2 array or 0 If is a Nx2 array the first column contains the shapefile record id and the second column contains the value to use when drawing the contour for that record if it is 0 then all the shapefile records are used and the value contained in the system variable M_plotcolor is used for the contour The generated image can be used as an overlay to another image Example The following example illustrates the function shp2contour d temp admin98 shp 180 90 180 90 180 360 0 view Output image of shp2contour shp2fillimage Shapefile Image Fill Syntax shp2fillimage filename image bbox recn Description This function is useful when performing polygon fill of shapefile records of type 5 polygons filename is a string containing the name of the shapefile file image is an array variable used as input to the polygon fill routine it serves as a background image B 146 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual bbox is a 1x4 array containing the bounding box of the region of interest Xmin Ymin Xmax Ymax and can be Nx2 array a N
36. any extraneous required data such as history logs or any other text info This format can be read as well as written by ProVIEW e jpeg format jpg is a image format primarily known for its extreme ability of storing an image in a highly compressed state This format does however have one disadvantage it is a lossy format meaning that when written it loses all of the data in order to get its compression This format can be read but not written e pds format pds stands for the planetary data system whereby this format involves the Huffman First Difference algorythm with no compression This format can be read but not written Ongoing work is being done at this time for the incorpoation of a pds writer within ProVIEW FilelOpen Image File Name This option allows you to browse over a list of already defined variables or type in the variable name to be used for the requested image I O operation FilelSave Image This option using a Dialog Box similar to that of the FilelOpen Image option discussed earlier saves an open image to disk in any of the supported formats FilelSave Clipboard Bitmap This option lets you save the contents of the clipboard to disk in bmp format while specifying the output file name ProVIEW User s Guide FilelPrinter Setup Use this option to change the printer configuration e g orientation paper size output quality etc SFilelPrint Sends the contents of the active window be it an ima
37. are computedsuch that a nice set of numbers is selected M xtic Used to control the spacing of tic marks along the x axis default value is 1 Only applies if M xnice is set to zero M ydir Similar to M xdir but for y M ylabel Similar to M_xlabel but for y M ylog Similar to M xlog but for y axis M ymax Set maximum y axis value use M holdy 0 to cancel M holdy 1 to restore M ymin Set minimum y axis value use M holdy 0 to cancel M holdy 1 to restore M ynice Similar to M xnice but for y axis M ytic Similar to M xtic but for y axis M zlabel Similar to M xlable but for z M zmax Maximum z axis value M zmin Minimum z axis value M znice Similar to M xnice but for z axis M ztic Similar to M xtic but for z axis Image Display Related Variables M pframen Contains the active image plane number only for the AL860HRG Text Output M format Controls the number of digits used when printing values to the Command Line Window screen For example M format 00 000 specifies that the largest value that can be represented excluding the exponent is 99 999 Anything larger than this is printed as M ptsize Controls the font size to be used when overlaying text to images using the text2image commands the available point sizes are 9 10 12 14 18 and 24 Time Related Variables M time Returns the system time this variable is read only no value is needed or assigned ready M time T
38. command will exit the MSHELL Interpreter and confirm if you want to exit the ProVIEW environment and if so return you to the host operating system exp Inverse Natural Logarithm Syntax exp a or a exp Description Computes the inverse natural logarithm of each array element in a i e raise e to the power of each array element The actual mathematical expression computed is given by c e Jot where j and i are row and column indices respectively and e In 1 Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the inverse logarithm of a and store the result in c ready exp a B 96 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual fft 1 D Fast Fourier Transform Syntax fft a or a fft Description Computes the one dimensional Fourier transform of the rows of the input array a The input as well as the output of this function may be a complex array Note that the row dimension of the input array must be a power of two Example If a is an input array with dimensions of 64 x 64 then the one dimensional Fourier transform of each row can be computed as fft a ffe 2 D Fast Fourier Transform Syntax fft2 a or a fft2 Description Computes the two dimensional Fourier transform of the input array The input as well as the output of this function may be a complex array It is expected that the dimensions of the input array are a power of two Example
39. eqindex x 10 NULL ARRAY ready y eqindex x 10 ready y ncols 0 eqindexS Equality Index String Syntax eqindexS a b Description Finds the locations of all the elements in an input string which equal a defined substring where a is the input string and b is the substring This function returns a 1 x M complex array where M is the number of points equal to the specified value and whose array elements contain the coordinates of each string position encoded as follows the real part contains the column index and the imaginary part contains row index of the location If no elements are matched the value 1 is returned ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 95 Example ready ready string This is an example to demonstrate the use of eqindexS ready eqindexS lt string de ready x 1 row 22 88 8 88i rov 1 49 009 0 001 ready _ evaltext Evaluates a String Syntax evaltext str Description This function allows you to send a string to the MSHELL interpreter for execution You can use this function to create variable names within a script file Example The following lines of code illustrate the application i l Sstr x int2str i hammiw 32 32 255 evaltext str view x1 num 5 evaltext string This is a very good manual string exit Exit MSHELL Pro VIEW Syntax exit Description This
40. every istep column The syntax for this format is then reada eqohare chr flex type cntvec The format specifier is flex type this string can be any of the following 16 PC32 SUN16 SUN32 PCFLOAT SUNFLOAT Example Reading a portion of the eqohare chr image ready eqohare reada eqohare chr char POO St ZOU sess Lee tere ready view eqohare This format is easier to use from the menu with the Filellmage Open option since a dialog box illustrated in Figure 4 is provided to facilitate entery of the data read criteria ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 131 FLEX Reader Options x BYTE PC FLOAT number of rows E C C SUN FLOAT number of cols o C 32 header size fo C SUN 16 SUN 32 start row 0 start col 0 end row 0 end col 0 TOW step fi col step fi X Figure 4 Charflex dialog box float point using 4 bytes pixel The float format is similar to the char format but the data is stored in floating Example Creating writing and then reading in a file in float format ready writea out flt randu 3 3 float ready x reada out flt float ascii The ascii format stores images in ASCII A typical ASCII file will look like 3 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 where the first row is a three element header containing the number
41. flexibility in the reading of data prefixed by an image header When you select this format an input dialog box depicted below opens allowing you to specify the dimensions of the input image and the header size The flex format is only used for reading data ProView User s Manual Graphical User Interface 19 20 Graphical User Interface TOope rLDET Paba oF Term m PPL acd Per beximum o Teri mimi ree erio sail col Figure 3 Flex Dialog Box e clemen_pds format is the implementation of the PDS Planetary Data System Format adopted by the Clementine mission When an image in this format is opened the ascii text header is attached to the image This header can be viewed from the image window using the magelHeaderT option see page This format is used only for the reading of data e float format flt is one in which the data is stored in floating point using 4 bytes pixel Similar to the char format above a 9 byte header is used This format is used both for reading and writing of images tiff format tif can be used for both the reading and writing of data but please note that not all TIFF modes are supported e fits format fit stands for the flexible interchange transfer system this is a format designed for the flexible trasnmission of varying image data sets along with
42. image defines the maximum to be displayed defines the minimum to be displayed defines the vertical scroll position for a window defines the width of the display window defines the upper left horizontal window position defines the upper left vertical window position used to definehorizontal position of upper left pixel used to define a string of horizontal units used to define vertical position of upper left pixel used to define a string of vertical units used to close a specific window ProVIEW User s Manual wtile used to tile the existing windows ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 73 Internal Functions Alphabetical List Much of ProVIEW s power resides in the MSHELL Interpreter With over 140 internal commands ProVIEW has a flexible structure that readily permits tailoring to specific applications through User Defined external functions and script files This appendix is an alphabetical listing with descriptions and examples of all the current ProVIEW MSHELL Internal Functions Symbols a b s n Generate a I D or 2 D ramp Syntax start_value end_value step_size 1 D start_value end_value step_size number_of_rows 2 D Description returns a 1 D or 2 D ramp of values Example The following applications illustrate the use of the 1 D and 2 D ramp function ready 0 3 1 generate a 1 D row 0 00 1 00 2 00 3 00 ready 0 1 0 2 generate 1 D row with fractional st
43. is in general an expression involving variables internal functions and calls to script functions Multiple statements can be typed in the same physical line if they are separated by a semicolon For example ready x 4 y x 4 z cos y is a legal statement A statement may expand over more than one physical line if a delimiter W is used in the the continuation line e g x cos x y sin x y Tabs spaces and linefeeds are ignored by the interpreter An intuitive mathematical syntax is followed by the interpreter allowing you to input the expressions in a form similar to the their actual mathematical representation In general expressions which do not involve an assignment will print the result to the screen e g ready 3 4 7 A broad representation of numbers consistent with most computer languages is allowed The following are valid number representations 4 01 44 044 34 89E4 34 89 10 Calling Syntax for Numeric Functions The output of most of the numeric functions can be used as direct inputs to other numeric function e g X abs log 10 fft2 x Notice that you do not have to worry about the implicit dimensions of x and if it is either real or complex If a function can not handle a complex input it will return an error message Unary Numeric Function Syntax In general when using a function with only one input argument a ProVIEW unary function the following two statements are e
44. log10 Description Compute the base 10 logarithm of each array element The Log10 of zero is not defined and will generate an error whereas the Log10 of a negative number will generate a complex number The actual mathematical expression computed is given by 1081 9 for allj i where j and i are row and column indices respectively Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the base 10 logarithm of a and store the result in c ready c 10910 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 111 ltclipto Lower than Clip to Syntax Itclipto a tval newval Description Set all the values in the input array a below a selected threshold value tval to a new desired value newval Example Using the array a previously defined in leclipto ready ltclipto a 0 5 0 2 row 0 0 20 0 20 0 57 0 20 0 78 0 56 0 74 Ithresh Less than Threshold Syntax Ithresh a b Description This sets all values within a which are less than the treshold b equal to the threshold ltindex Lower Index Syntax Itindex a b Description Similar to eqindex but it returns an index to all elements in a lower than b Example Using the array a previously defined in leclipto ready ltindex a 5 row 0 0 00 0 001 1 00 0 001 3 00 0 004 B 112eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual M M_ System Varia
45. of rows the number of columns and the real complex flag 0 real 1 complex This header is followed by the This format can be used for both the reading image data stored lexico graphically in ASCII and writing of data Example Creating writing and then reading in a file in ascii format ready writea out asc randu 3 3 ascii ready x reada out asc ascii asciiflex ascii file ASCII flex could look like test asc below This is a sample user file 3 1 gain 2 tint 3 1 0 gain 22 tint 3 2 1 gain n a tint 3 0 2 gain 3 tint 0 This is the end of the file where ascii text can be mixed in with the numerical data to be extracted Note that this read The asciiflex format permits you to load selected rows and columns from an Note that the elements in the ascii file must be comma delimited A typical process searches for and accepts the first number it encounters after a delimiter The syntax is similar to that of char flex using a control vector cntvec to provide the specific read parameters The control vector structure which is differs from that of charflex is formated as follows first_row last_row nnchar B 132eAppendix B Internal Functions last row first row to read if 1 read to last row NN non numeric character flag NN ProVIEW User s Manual hdrsubset vector of column numbers to read cntvec fir
46. or a tan Description Compute the tangent of each array element Note that the input is expected in radians tanh Hyperbolic Tangent Syntax tanh a or a tanh Description Compute the hyperbolic tangent of each array element The hyperbolic tangent of a is evaluated as tanh a sinh a cosh a for all i j where j and i are respectively row and column idices text Adds Text to an Array Syntax text array text Description Used to add text to an array versus just the screen image as in the following command textoverlay this command actually writes the text to the array textoverlay Annotates an Image with Text Syntax textoverlay image text Font PointSize row col color overlay orientation Description This is used to place a text overlay on an image where text is the string to be displayed and Font is a string specifying the font to use Row and column are the corresponding starting pixels for the text on the image Color is the color of the text with the folowing possibilities 0 black 1 dark gray 2 blue 3 4 gray 5 yellow 6 magenta 7 red 8 green 9 white The actual image is not modified with use of this function It is just an overlay Overlay determines the background of the text where 0 gives a background of white or 1 gives a transparent background Orien tation specifies whether the text is vertical 0 or horizontal 1 textremove Removes Text fro
47. that extrapolation is attempted the result is set to zero Example The following two examples illustrate the function B 110eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready f hammiw 1 4 T ready 10 0 X row 0 0 01 0 04 0 08 0 04 assumed abscissa values of 0 1 2 3 ready x 1 7 1 0 5 ready x 0 50 0 00 0 50 1 00 1 50 2 00 2 50 3 00 3 50 ready linterp f x 0 00 0 01 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 06 0 04 0 00 ready y 0 2 ready linterp f y 0 01376 loadDLL Loads a DLL for Execution Syntax loadDLL pathname Description Used to load a DLL for later execution using callIDLL The path and name of the DLL must be passed as a string Example The following will load the delaunay dll Notice that the path to this file has also been included ready loadDLL c proview bin delaunay dll log Natural Logarithm Syntax log a or a log Description Computes the natural logarithm of each array element The actual mathematical expression computed is given by log a forall j i where j and i are row and column indices respectively The Log of zero is not defined and will generate an error where as the Log of a negative number will generate a complex number Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the natural logarithm of a and store the result in c ready c log a log10 Base 10 Logarithm Syntax log10 a or a
48. the value item as a command to be Example Example executed cmd1 x 3D 5 show x x 5 show x name x valuel name_x valuel when the user clicks on an image name y value2 name_y value2 map the x and y values of the location where the mouse clicked Example Example are passed ProVIEW Web creates imagel x 100 imagel x 100 two variables using the name of the imagel y 200 imagel y 200 image to store these values ProVIEW Web also generates a string variable called ipaddr which contains the ip address of the client submitting the form ipaddr can be used in script files to keep track of users accessing ProVIEW Web Elements of Forms There are three types of HTML tags you use to create fields in a form TEXTAREA SELECT and INPUT TEXTAREA With TEXTAREA you can provide a field for someone to enter multiple lines of information NAME is a required option for this tag By setting the NAME to a name starting with cmd you can use this field to enter multiple commands for ProVIEW Web to execute 58 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide SELECT The SELECT element shows a list of choices in either a pop up menu or a scrollable list Just like the TEXTAREA element the SELECT tag requires you to define a name There are two possible courses of action depending upon the name used in the NAME property a if the name starts with cmd ProVIEW Web uses the item selected from the list of choices as a
49. the DLL Note that loadDLL will return 0 if the DLL is successfuly loaded and 1 otherwise Call the function in the DLL using the following ProVIEW command callDLL S dlIname functionname argl arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 functionname is the name of the function in the DLL you want to call argl arg2 arg3 arg4 and arg5 are the arguments you want to pass to the function Example On the next page MSHELL Interpreter Language 55 Example of User Provided Functions as Dynamic Link Libraries include lt stdio h gt include user h ifdef BORLANDC ARRAY export test ARRAY al ARRAY a2 ARRAY a3 ARRAY a4 ARRAY a5 endif ifdef_ MSC_VER __declspec dllexport ARRAY test ARRAY al ARRAY a2 ARRAY a3 ARRAY a4 ARRAY a5 endif Include the following two functions in your code ProVIEW will call SetInitA and SetFree upon loading the DLL to pass the addresses of the functions inside ProVIEW that InitA and Free will call It is very important that you initialize variables of type ARRAY using InitA You must pass to InitA a name you want to assign to the variable the number of rows the number of columns and the type 0 real 1 complex akak ee ok ok ok bebe obe dede beoe sese sj lebe 2 desees sk sk ale a ake ake akak ak akk kak void SetInitA void fn _InitA ARRAY char ptr unsigned long sizej unsigned long sizei unsigned char type fn
50. 0 75 0 67 0 00 0 67 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 129 randg Gaussian Random Number Generator Syntax randg n m Description This function is similar to randu except that it generates independent identically distributed 1 1 4 Gaussian random numbers with zero mean and unit variance where and m refer to the number of rows and columns in the array of Gaussian random numbers to be generated Example Say a is an already existing array to which it is desired to add Gaussian distributed random numbers with zero mean and standard deviation of 10 The following MSHELL expression will add the Gaussian noise to a and will save the result in c ready randinit 30 initialize random number generator ready a 10 100 1 ready c a 10 randg a nrows a ncols ready plot randinit Random Number Seed Initializer Syntax randinit n Description As this function is used to initialize the MSHELL random number generators it does not return any value To initialize a random sequence call randinit using a scalar value greater than 1 Example The initialization and subsequent use of a random generator ready randinit 10 initialize random number generators ready x randg 1 100 call gaussian rand num gnrtr randu Uniform Random Number Generator Syntax randu n m Description This generator produces independent identicall
51. 1 ready 0 0 1 ready 0 1 2 0 0 ready 10 0 X row0z 0 00 1 00 2 00 NAN ready z 0 1 2 1 0 ready z 100 X row 0 0 00 1 00 2 00 ready eqindex y 1 0 340i 52 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide Extendibility of the Environment In addition to the internal funtions included and listed above you can further extend the capabilities of ProVIEW by Accessing your own funtions or by e Accessing other applications that support Dynamic Data Exchange Dynamic Data Exchange ProVIEW is capable of communicating with other applications that support dynamic data exchange DDE The following ProVIEW commands are used to establish communications links with other applications via DDE DDEInit this command is used to start a conversation on a particular topic with the server application Syntax chan DDhHInit Application Name Topic Application Name is the name of the application you want to communicate with Ex MSAccess and Topic is the name of the particular topic This command returns a channel number associated with the conversation you are requesting or 1 if the operation fails DDETerm this command terminates a conversation Syntax DDETerm chan chan is the number returned by DDEInit DDEExec this command is used to send a command to the server application once the DDE conversation is established Synt
52. 1 which forces the image to be displayed e x m_viewFlag 0 which disables the display of the image Note that the default value for this atribute is zero not to display the variable x m_viewheight Controls the height of the display window x m_viewwidth Controls the width of the display window x m_viewhscrollpos Controls the horizontal scroll position of the display window x m_viewvscrollpos Controls the vertical scroll position of the display window x m_viewx0 Controls the horizontal position of the upper left corner on the display x m_viewy0 Controls the vertical position of the upper left corner on the display x m viewlut Contains the active look up table to be used for x m viewmaxval Controls the maximum value to be displayed on the screen x m viewminval Controls the minimum value to be displayed on the screen x m viewtext Allows one to view the text which is part of an image X text Allows you to access either read or set the text attribute of the image Image variables may contain associated text which can be accessed by adding text to the variable name The ProVIEW screen of Figure 5 on the next page provides an example of this the image myramp was created and its text attribute myramp text was set to some simple text line Note that to enable the display of this text the menu option ImagelHeader must be toggled x vroi Extracts the coordinates of the variable region of interest
53. 8 bits pix floating point in addition to key standard formats such as TIFF BMP FITS PGM PPM and PDS Optimum use of the dynamic range of your display hardware by providing optional automatic adjustment of pixel values prior to display Overview 7 e Support of text attributes that are attached to an image these attributes can be used to store an image header or to store processing instructions to be applied to the image e Affordable real time performance when using i860 based floating point array processors Expert or novice independent of your experience ProVIEW allows you to manipulate images and signals in a simple manner releasing you from the constant tracking of image attributes such as image dimensionality ProVIEW permits you to process a large volume of images in a fully automatic fashion e g large scale reduction calibration and analysis of satellite based digital images IF you work with satellite imagery ProVIEW enhances your productivity by providing the following additional capabilities e Using the SatVIEW module the ability to Read ephemeris information following NASA s SPICE kernel format Compute an extensive set of viewing geometry related values such as phase angle incidence angle and Compute the projection of any pixel on the planet surface or the celestial sphere e The ability to have a virtual image variable which can be as large as your collective disk space You can t
54. 89 _p o 8 y_p m o yids n p 1 0 8 0 whose elements g ji are given by 0 Eji 25 3 05 LITE p Pq Q By construction indices outside of the specified range of values in the above g matrix are zero Note that the output of convol will have dimensions of N 2P M 2Q See Also convolt below Example convolt below convolt Truncated Discrete Convolution Syntax convolt k a Description This function is similar to convol in many instances you may only be interested in determining how the elements in the range of a are affected by the convolution operation This function truncates the convolution results by only evaluating g over the range of a i e a row range of 0 to N 1 and a column range of 0 to M 1 The implementations used in convol and convolt are computationally efficient for small kernel sizes However for large kernels an FFT implementation of the convolution should be considered Example For arrays a and k as define convol and convolt are given as ready a 1 3 1 ready k 3 1 1 ready convol a k example of convol row 0 3 00 8 00 14 00 8 00 3 00 ready convolt a k example of convolt row 0 8 00 14 00 8 00 convtoi Convert Row Vector to Image Syntax convtoi a ncols Description Converts a 1 D row array a to a 2 D array where you specify the column dimension ncols The resulting number of rows must
55. Bue T PIW Auto Scale gt User Defined E 35 User Defined LUT min 0 0064 Modify LUT GrayScale Figure 7 ImagelOptions Dialog Box These options are discussed in more detail in the following Select LUT This section gives you a selection of 4 different output Look Up Tables LUT as described below or the option to customize one to your particular needs LUT DESCRIPTION amplitudes display as light white ____ wolutO gray scale LUT low amplitudes display as dark black and high wolutl inverse gray scale LUT low amplitudes display as light white and high amplitudes display as dark black wolut2 pseudo color LUT intensity values are mapped to a pseudo color LUT wolut3 pseudo color LUT intensity values are mapped to a pseudo color LUT wolut4 user defined LUT The presently active LUT is displayed in the middle of the ImagelOptions dialog box in the form of an intensity or color strip Modify LUT Box Selecting the Modify LUT option in the ImagelOption Dialog Box opens the Modify GrayScale LUT Dialog Box illustrated below This dialog box allows you to interactively modify the Gray Scale LUT that applies to the active image Within this dialog box changes to the gray scale LUT are displayed as a line plot superimposed on a Histogram of the region of interest of the active image Graphical User Interface 25 26 Graphical
56. Contour and Histogram These plots can be generated e From the GUI see magelPlot Roi on page e From the Command Line Window using the PLOT PLOT3D COUNTOUR and HIST commands see Appendix A Listing of internal Functions or Once a plot is generated its display can be changed through the PlotlSettings menu option see page To facilitate the handling of generated plots you will find that all plot windows are numbered so that they may be updated or deleted from the command line This menu allows you to control the input and output of images and script files printer output script execution and to end the ProVIEW work session TXFilelNew Script Use this option to open a text window in which to create a new script file B FilelOpen Script Use this option to open an existing script file Note that multiple script files can be open simultaneously B amp FilelSave Script Use this menu to save the script file in the active window PAF ilelSave Script As Use this menu to save the script file in the active window to a new disk file FilelChoose Font Allows the user to modify the font used within the script file windows FilelOpen Image Use this option to open an image data file stored in any of the supported formats The resulting Dialog Box shown below allows you to assign the image file format and the directory location of the file to be retrived IMAGE FILE OPEN ProVIEW User s Guide Figur
57. DISTANCE lt km gt Distance from target body center to Sun The Sun position used is that described above SUB_SOLAR_AZIMUTH lt deg gt Azimuth of the apparent sub solar point as seen by the spacecraft This point is the surface intercept of the target center to Sun vector evaluated at the camera epoch minus one way light time from target to spacecraft at that epoch spacecraft at that epoch Azimuth is measured as described above Target body position relative to the spacecraft is corrected for light time and stellar aberration Target body orientation is corrected for light time SUB SOLAR LATITUDE deg SUB SOLAR LONGITUDE deg Planetocentric latitude and longitude of the apparent sub solar point INCIDENCE ANGLE deg PHASE ANGLE deg EMISSION ANGLE deg These angles are measured at the camera boresight intercept point The target Sun vector is the same as that used in the sub solar point computation The spacecraft target vector is the same as that used in the camera boresight intercept computation The INCIDENCE ANGLE is the angle between the target Sun vector and the local vertical vector at the boresight intercept The PHASE ANGLE is measured between the boresight intercept to Sun vector and the negative of the boresight vector The EMISSION ANGLE is measured between the negative of the boresight vector and the local vertical vector at the boresight intercept LOCAL HOUR ANGLE deg The angle from the negative of th
58. ELL commands can be invoked at any time through the use of the include command where fname is the name of the script file to be executed Example Given an MSHELL script file named test msh the MSHELL instructions contained in the file can be executed by simply typing include test or include test msh In the first case above the extension msh was not included in the argument In that case MSHELL will try to open the file test if that fails it will try again after adding the extension msh The system variable M path establishes which directories in addition to the present directory are to be searched See Also M System Variables on page Include System Script Files Syntax include file2pds msh Description This script file is used to convert an existing image file to a PDS image file whereby the new image file now contains a keyed header ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 105 Syntax include imgedit msh Description This script file is used for the editing of image files It is the same script which is called when one uses the Image Edit Image Attributes menu Example image s tor mage lo debe the e vales al Pe uppes ee cag a molars gonial Syntax include img2pds msh Description This script file is used to convert open images to PDS images whereby the new image now contains a key
59. If x is an input array with dimensions of 64 x 64 then its power spectrum in dB can be estimated using the following construction Power_spectrum 20 real log10 fft2 x See Also spectrum msf Appendix B External Function fileinfo Returns detailed information of a file Syntax fileinfo fname Description Returns the size of an existing file in bytes If the file does not exist it returns 1 filesize Returns the size of a file Syntax filesize fname Description Returns the size of an existing file in bytes If the file does not exist it returns 1 findfiles Locate Files in Directory Structure Syntax findfiles path type Description This function can be used to find all files starting at a given directory level path and satisfying a matching criteria type The function returns a string with all the files that satisfy the matching criteria Example The following returns all files with extension chr in c proview ready str c proview IMAGES EQOHARE CHR c proview IMAGES MANDEL CHR c proview IMAGES MSHELL CHR proview IMAGES RM000 CHR str findfiles c proview chr float2str Converts Float Array to a String Syntax float2str a ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 97 Description Converts the input float array to a string which uses a comma as a column delimiter and a carriage return as the row delimiter Example The follo
60. Note that the input values must be in the range of 1 to 1 otherwise incorrect results will be generated also note that if both x and y are set to 0 atan2 y x is set equal to 1 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 83 B blackw Blackman Harris Window Syntax blackw n m Description Generates a 2 D 4 coefficient Blackman Harris Window The n element of the 1 D Blackman Harris Window is defined as Ww n 2 2 2 C cos n c cos 2n c cos 3n j CN CN CN where 0 35875 c 0 48829 c 0 14128 and c 0 01168 This window has side lobes that are 92dB below the main lobe Example The following generates a 256 x 256 Blackman Harris Window ready view Yspectrum ready roi wdef 256 16 256 16 32 32 ready plot3d YSpectrum roi 34 48 3 574 lt 9 An 58 61 7 M 7d RUDI A uh oe eae XE AJ OTT a E E Ie 97 66 4 YA EA gt Be e e 141 70 Figure 2 blinterp Bi linear Interpolation Syntax blinterp f z Description Blinterp will bi linearly interpolate between data points located in a two dimensional square grid e g an image Where f is a 2 dimensional real data array containing the input image The data points in f correspond to points in a square grid with an assumed interpixel distance of 1 in the row or column axis and z is a com
61. User Interface Modify GrayScale LUT Deere Slope 2 e LI S _ gt Log Horizontal Slide i 0 Vertical Slide e LI efo v Clip LUT Values 0 255 Figure 8 Look Up Table Dialog Box e Linear Button Select this option to interactively modify the user defined LUT wolut3 resulting in a linear mapping of intensity values While in this mode you can change the slope and position of the linear mapping using the slide bars e Log Button Select this option to interactively modify the user defined LUT wolut3 resulting in a logarithmic mapping of the intensity values While in this mode you can change the curvature of the logarithmic mapping using the slide bars Color Offset Using the Red Green and Blue slide bars you have full control of the LUT color offset Expand Button If this option is selected the active image will be stretched to take the full image window size Dynamic Range Use this option to either select automatic scaling of the image intensity levels Auto Scale Button or to manually modify the range of amplitude levels that will be mapped to the dynamic range of the display If the auto scale or max and min fields are modified press the Update Image button to update the display screen Imagelkdit Image Attributes This is used to edit the m_ variables of an image which are described later in the internal functions section Image Set Units Default and User Defined The position of t
62. ady b Sa line ready b time getpos Finds String Position Within a Line Syntax getpos str pattern Description Given a string variable str this function can be used to find the position within a line where the string pattern appeares for the first time Example The following example illustrates the function ready Sa Now n is the n time n for all ready b a 2 ready b time ready getpos b i 2 ready getpos b 4 getshpinfo Gets Shapefile Header Information Syntax getshpinfo filename B 100 Appendix Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Description Given a shapefile filename filename this function retrieves the header information and returns an array containing the following values file code normally 9994 file size bytes version normally 1000 shape type Xmin Ymin Xmax Ymax Example The following example illustrates the function a getshpinfo d temp admin98 shp a 10 0 X row 0 9994 000000 12440280 000000 1000 000000 5 000000 180 000000 90 000000 180 000000 83 623596 gtclipto Greater than Clip to Syntax gtclipto a tval newval Description Set all the values in the input array above a selected threshold to a new desired value where a is the input array tval is the threshold value and newval is the desired new value Example The following illustrates the operation r
63. al Functions B 77 ready pi 4 1 this text will be ignored Array Division by Scalar Syntax a b Description The operator symbol is used to perform the division of each element of an array by a scalar An error message will be generated if b is not a scalar i e a 1x1 array The actual division is implemented as c 7 G5 b forall j i where j and i are row and column indices respectively Element Array Division Syntax a b Description The operator symbol is used to perform the division of corresponding elements between two arrays An error message will be generated if a and b do not have the same dimensions The actual division is implemented as Cj aj b for all j i where j and i are row and column indices respectively Example The following MSHELL statement will divide the elements in array a by the elements in array b and attempt to divide elements in array a by a scalar ready l1 s3r 5 generates a row vector ready b a ready a b divide corresponding elements row 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 ready 4 since x is not 1 1 an error occurs gt gt gt error 4 incompatible dimensions Raise Array Elements to a Power Syntax a b Description The operator symbol or caret is used to raise the elements of an array to a given constant power or the power specified by the corresponding elements of an
64. ave been previously loaded with loadDLL The dll must not return any more than 5 values The syntax is dll filename function name returns comma delimited See Also loadDLL Loads a DLL for Execution Example The following line calls the delaunay dll for execution after having been loaded with loadDLL There is only a z variable being returned by this dll therefore one must return zeros for all unused placeholders ready CcallDLL delaunay dll delaunay z 0 0 0 0 ceil Find the Ceiling of an Array Syntax ceil array Description This function is used to find the ceiling of an array The output has the same dimensions as the original array The output contains the ceiling for each element Example ready x 2 ceil 1 2 3 4 0 2 00 4 00 centroid Finds the centroid of an object Syntax addmenuitem myscript msh Description Use this command to add the capability of invoking user defined script files from within the graphical user interface where myscript msh is a valid script file Example The following line will add the mdemo msh file to the menu item list under User ready addmenuitem mdemo msh closef Close a File Syntax closef unit Description This function is used to close a disk file previously opened using the openf function It s argument unit is the integer file number assigned when openf was initially invoked Failure to close a file could result in a future erro
65. ax DDEExec chan cmd chan is the channel number returned by DDElInit and cmd is a string you want the server to execute DDEExec will return if the server accepted the command 1 otherwise DDEPoke this command is used to request the server application to accept an unsolicited data item value Syntax DDEPoke chan item val chan is the channel number returned by DDEInit item is a string that identifies the data item you wish to send a value for and val is a string containing the value DDEpoke will return 0 if the server accepted the data item value 1 otherwise DDEReqS this command is used to request the server application to provide the value of a data item Syntax var DDEReqS chan item var is a ProVIEW string variable chan is the channel number returned by DDEInit and item is a string that identifies the data item you are requesting the value of DDEReqV this command is used to request the server application to provide the value of a data item Syntax var DDEReqV chan item var is a ProVIEW array variable chan is the channel number returned by DDEInit and item is a string that identifies the data item you are requesting the value of Example Using ProVIEW scripting language ProView User s Manual MSHELL Interpreter Language 53 path M NEWINDEX BYACCESS database 0001 Open Database chanl DDEInit MSAccess System command OpenDatabase path database
66. be an integer That is if the row vector had dimensions 1 x M and the you are questing a column dimension of N the output array will have dimensions of M N x N i e N must be a factor of M Example The following converts the row array a to a 2 D array ready a 1 2 1 2 create row vector ready convtoi a 2 convert row vector to 2 col array row 0 1 00 2 00 row 1 1 00 2 00 convtov Convert Image to Row Vector Syntax convtov a or a convtov B 90 eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Description Converts the 2 D input array to a 1 D array containing only one row That is if the input array a had dimensions N x M the output array will have dimensions of 1 x N M Example The following converts the 2 D array a to a row array ready a 1 2 1 2 creates a 2x2 matrix ready a row 0 do 2 00 row 1 1 00 2 00 ready convtov a converts matrix to row vector row 0 1 00 2 00 1 00 2 00 cos Cosine Syntax cos a or a cos Description Returns the cosine of each array element The input is expected to be in radians Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the cosine of a divided by 2 and store the result in c ready c cos a 2 cosh Hyperbolic Cosine Syntax cosh a or a cosh Description Computes the hyperbolic cosine of each array element The hyperbolic cosine of x is evaluated as
67. bles Description System variables are used to control different functions within the MSHELL environment Some of the MSHELL system variables are strings while others are numbers All system variables are prefixed by M_ For example to initialize the x axis label to the string Time use M_xlabel Time Note that system string variables do not required the symbol normally associated with user defined string variables System variables can be read into other user defined variables e g message M_xlabel is a legal construction Approximately three quarters of the system variables are used in controlling the plot and plot3d function output The following list categorize and describes the various the system variables See include system files in this section for sysedit msh which allows the user to change all system variables at one time from a table Also under the Edit menu one can find the Edit System Variables item which calls sysedit msh Plot Related Variables M_axis When using plot3d you can control if a numeric axis is drawn or not using the M_axis string string variable If M_axis is set to xyz all the axis will be drawn If x y or z is omitted from the string the corresponding axis is also omitted M blabel Bottom label used in plots string variable M device Output plot device values 0 DT2861 1 AL860HRG 2 Windows Screen default M fxaxis Used to control the number of digits used in th
68. command to be executed or b ProVIEW Web creates a string variable whose value is the item selected INPUT INPUT is a single tag option for gathering information INPUT contains other options for acquiring information including simple text fields radio buttons and checkboxes TEXT the default input type displays a simple line of text CHECKBOX displays a simple checkbox that can be checked or empty RADIO a more complex version of a checkbox allows only one of a set to be chosen In all of the above INPUT types by setting the NAME property to a name starting with cmd you can instruct ProVIEW Web to execute a command or set of commands depending on the value of the VALUE property of the INPUT type as described previously Otherwise ProVIEW Web creates a string variable whose value depends on the INPUT type In the case of TEXT the value is the text entered by the user In the case of a CHECKBOX or a RADIO the value is the string assigned to the VALUE property EXAMPLE lt PRE gt lt FORM ACTION http www acme com cgi bin provweb exe METHOD GET Target South gt Latitude lt INPUT NAME lat VALUE 36 1216 Longitude lt INPUT NAME lon VALUE 5 903 gt lt INPUT TYPE HIDDEN NAME cmd VALUE include test gt lt INPUT TYPE SUBMIT VALUE Submit gt lt FORM gt lt PRE gt When the user clicks on the Submit button the client browser will generate a call to provweb exe as follows provweb exe lat 36 1216
69. creen This whole manual is available under the help menu option Help Keyword search This option is activated when a script file window has the input focus It allows the user to highlight a word and do a search on ProVIEW s on line help file HelplAbout Provides the version numbers for the ProVIEW shell and gui for your copy of ProVIEW HelplSystem Info Help System Info will display key system information in a window similar to the one below In the example below the 2 12 Gbytes reported below include available swap space to disk ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual User System Information CPU 80486 Screen 1024 x 768 pixels 65536 colors Printer 600 x 600 DPI Avail Memory 2700 KB Phys 37584 KB Page Figure 23 System Info Dialog Box HelplDemo This menu item invokes a series of demos which show some of ProVIEW s capabilities In CO RTT Options DO ALL NON INTERACTIVE DEMOS Image Rotation Example Different Plotting Modes Image Gradient and Hough Transform Moon Rotation from file list cine loop Mandelbrot Fractal Image Warping Combine LUNAR Topo amp Albedo Maps NOOO m NA Selection DO ALL NON INTERACTIVE DEMOS Figure 24 Demos Dialog Box User defined menu items can be added under this menu using the addmenuitem command The User option will show in the menu only if addmenuitem has been invoked The
70. ctly from the command line An optional topic argument can be provided to search for help on that topic Example For help on the cos function type from the command line help cos heqlut Histogram Equalization LUT Syntax heqlut a or a heglut Description Computes the 256 entry 8 bit look up table or intensity transformation which when applied to the input image a will result in a more uniform distribution of intensity value Example An image x can be subjected to the heglut intensity transformation prior to display using the following MSHELL instructions wcolut3 ones 1 3 heqlut X select wcolut3 Note that selecting wcolut3 does not change the content of the actual image in memory only the way that it is displayed hist Histogram Generator Syntax hist a amin amax n Description This is a general purpose histogram generation subroutine It performs a histogram value of the element in the source input array The elements on the input array are first transformed by a linear equation which determines the range of the data to histogram and the number of bins on that range where a is the input array amin and amax are the B 102eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual extreme values and n is the number of levels over which the input will be grouped This function is particularly useful with floating point data while hist255 below is optimized for integer data in the ra
71. d to allow just read access 0 or read and write access 1 ProVIEW Virtual variable formats Format 1 Byte Format 2 PC16 Format 3 Sunl6 Format 4 PC float Format 5 Sun float Format 6 PC32 Format 7 Sun32 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 161 Format 8 PC16 unsigned Format 9 Sun16 unsigned See Also Vclose Vnew Note that is a special variable in ProVIEW a virtual variable With this variable you can manipulate an image file which can be as large as the whole disk space available in the system If the user has a huge image in a file or is going to be working with an image that can not be easily hold in memory then he or she can still manipulate pieces of the large image using ProVIEW s virtual variable Once a link is established between a file in disk and the virtual variable then the user can access rectangular regions of interest in the disk file for read or write operations the user must always provide a rectangular region of interest when writing or reading from the V The following example illustrates the use of a virtual variable It corresponds to the script file flyby msh located in the ProVIEW msh distribution directory M cwd proview images clemen moonbrus roi wdef 0 0 1 1 V Vopen allmoon chr 5760 11521 1 0 roi 0 flyby 0 view flyby i 0 while 1 lt 35 meter flyover virtual image i 35 100 angle i 35 6 28 roi wdef
72. d in the ProVIEW s char and float format contains a simple 9 byte header The first 4 bytes contain the number of rows the next 4 bytes contain the number of columns and the last byte contains a flag indicating if the data is real or complex ProView User s Manual MSHELL Interpreter Language 49 Internal Functions The user can locate a specific function by first looking into the Classes of ProVIEW s Built in Functions where commands are divided into functional areas see Appendix A Given a function name or symbol the user can locate specific information about its use under the alphabetical listing of internal functions see Appendix B ProVIEW array expressions can be used as arguments to other ProVIEW functions In most of the following functions the input to the functions are arrays and the output result is another array Classes of Built in Functions 50 MSHELL Interpreter Language Animation Demo Filtering Freq_Ops DCT FFT Spatial_Ops Correlation_Ops Gradient_Ops Local_Statistics Morphological Resampling Interpolation Irregular_Sampling Resolution_Enhancement Spatial_Blurring Fitting_and_Estimation Fractals Geo_Xform Rot2D Rot3D HTML_Tools Intensity_Mapping Look Up Table Operators Radiometric IO Data_Formats 5
73. d returns control to the calling process B 134eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual rfill Fills a subregion Syntax rfill a b Description Finds the subregion of an image b which is all points contained within a created groi from a list of polygonal vertices a Example ready groi 1 20 120 1 200 20 complex 208 238 1 lt 130 120 gt ready x zeros 255 255 5 ready groi2 rfill groi udef 8 0 255 2555 ready x groi2 gt 100 ready groi3 rfill groi wdef 6 120 128 gt gt ready x groi3 gt 200 ready _ rindex Range Index Syntax rindex a minval maxval Description This function finds the location of all the elements of an input array which fall within a specified range of values where a is the input array and minval and maxval are scalar values specifying the selection range This function returns a 1 x M complex array where M is the number of points equal to the specified value and whose array elements contain the coordinates of each point encoded as follows the real part contains the column index and the imaginary part contains row index of the point If no elements are matched the value 1 is returned Example The following illustrates the function using the array a ready randu 2 6 create random 2x6 matrix ready a row 0 0 08 0 59 0 23 0 46 0 93 0 13
74. database The filename is an optional parameter which is for passing the returned data to the named file Example The following example will query the database Clemen for VOLID and NEW_IMAGENAME based upon the five passed conditionals The following is the file test sql SELECT VOLID NEW_IMAGENAME FROM Clemen INDEX clemen_ACT_idx WHERE SENSOR NAME UVVIS AND MISSION PHASE LUNAR MAPPING AND CENTER LATITUDE 86 AND CENTER LATITUDE 90 AND SLANT_DISTANCE lt 10000 ready status dbconnect Clemen ready query readtext arctic mongo out sql ready filename arctic mongo out txt ready result dbsqltr Squery filename ready M_time ready M_time ready status dbclose Clemen dct8x8 Discrete Cosine Transform 8x8 Syntax dct8x8 a Description Computes the discrete cosine transform of each 8 x 8 block within the won specified array a Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip columnskip B 92eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement
75. der the Image menu one can find the Edit Image Attributes item which calls imgedit msh m x0 This is used to define the horizontal position of the upper left pixel of an image within a window m This is used to define the vertical position of the upper left pixel of an image within a window m dx Used to define the horizontal spacing between pixels of an image m dy Used to define the vertical spacing between pixels of an image m xunit Used to define a string of the horizontal units for m x0 m yunit Used to define a string of the vertical units for m m interpflag Used to select the type of interpolation to use when displaying an array m viewflag Toggles whether an image is to be viewable or not m viewlut Used to define the active look up table for an image m viewminval Used to define the minimum value to be displayed m viewmaxval Used to define the maximum value to be displayed m viewheight Used to define the height of the display window m viewwidth Used to define the width of the display window ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 115 m_viewhscroll Used to define the horizontal scroll position for a window m_viewvscroll Used to define the vertical scroll position for a window m_viewx0 Used to define the upper left horizontal position of the display window m_viewy0 Used to define the upper left vertical position of the display window m view2fit Used to expand the image t
76. dress
77. dy y row 0 The following MSHELL commands will assign to the string variable str1 the concatenation of two strings ready str sss creates a string ready strl str last name concatenates another string ready Sstrl SSS last name Column Augmentation Syntax a b Description Given two arrays with the same number of columns this operation will append the corresponding columns of one array to the other array Example The following MSHELL statement will append the columns of b to the columns of a and store the result in c ready c a b The number of rows in c equals the sum of the number of rows in a and b The following MSHELL commands illustrate the above ready 0 3 1 creates a column vector ready b ones 2 1 creates a 2 d identity column vector ready afb augments a with b and assigns result to c Assignment Syntax c a Description This operator symbol is used to assign the output of an MSHELL expression to a variable MSHELL will not allow you to assign an array expression to an already defined string variable or vice versa Example The following MSHELL statement will assign the sum of two constants to the newly defined variable c ready 4 sqrt 3 333 If the variable c has already been defined its content will be changed otherwise it will be created
78. e 2 FilelOpen Image Dialog Box FilelOpen Image Browse Button Select this option to keep the Filellmage Open window active after selecting an image file This allows the selection of another image file for display without having to open the Image File I O window again FilelOpen Image Movie Select this option to display the images with the specified file format contained in the selected directory in a movie like manner FilelOpen Image File Formats The following image file formats are supported e ascii format asc is used for images whose data is stored in ASCII A sample ASCII image data file will look like 3 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 where the first row contains the number of rows the number of columns and the real complex flag 0 real 1 complex This is followed by the image data stored in ASCII row by row starting from the top Note that the delimiter is the space character This format is used for both the reading and writing of image data e bmp format bmp is the Windows Device Independent Bitmap Format and is used both for the reading and writing of images e char format chr is used for images stored using 1 byte pixel data prefixed by a simple 9 byte header i e 4 bytes specifying the number of rows 4 bytes specifying the number of columns and 1 byte specifying a real or complex array This format is used both for reading and writing of data e flex format provides you significant
79. e plot function is an optional integer 0 to 255 that selects the plot screen where the plot will be placed If an integer number from 0 to 255 is provided in this field the generated plot can be indexed from then on by that number For example if x is an array then plot3d10 x will plot x on plot screen number 10 If you want to free that screen later on you can type free plot10 See Also M System Variables on page for a complete list of system variables which affect the plot functions Example The following MSHELL instructions generate a 32 x 32 Hamming function and displays the function as a 3d plot ready row 0 15 1 ready col 0 19 1 50 ready gt hammiw 16 20 ready M_xlabel row index ready M_ylabel column index ready plot3d z row col ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 127 polyfill Fills an Image with Polygons Syntax polyfill image complex Index fill outlist Description Fills and Image with Contained Polygons Example The following MSHELL expression illustrates the use of the polyfill function ready M_format 000 000000 ready x 3 ready print The value of x x An The value of x 3 000000 print Formatted Print Syntax print Description Prints scalar values or strings to the standard output See Also M format on page Example The following MSHELL expression illustrates the use of th
80. e print statement ready M format 000 000000 ready x 3 ready print The value of x x An The value of x 3 000000 B 128eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Q qgauss Area Under Gaussian Density Syntax qgauss a or a qgauss Description Let Z x be the one dimensional Gaussian density function with zero mean and unit variance defined as ES 1 Z x N20 then qgauss returns the integral of Z x from x to infinity zcodx for each element in the input array Example The following MSHELL expressions compute the area under the Gaussian density function the probability for values of 0 to 5 standard deviations ready sigma 0 5 0 1 ready plot sigma qgauss sigma qgaussinv Inverse of qgauss Syntax qgaussinv a or a qgaussinv Description Given an input array with values with 0 0 a ji lt 1 0 that correspond to probabilities under the normalized Gaussian density function qgaussinv computes the decision threshold values n that will generate those probability values That is qgaussinv computes the values of f such that the area under the normalized Gaussian density between and infinity equals ie 2 SI dx e j ai e Ht SNO Example The following MSHELL expression computes the ordinate values under the Gaussian density function for a row vector with values of 0 25 0 50 and 0 75 ready qgaussinv 0 25 0 50
81. e target body to Sun vector to the projection of the negative of the spacecraft to target vector onto the target s instantaneous orbital plane Both vectors are computed as in the sub spacecraft point computation The angle is measured in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from North of the ecliptic plane SOURCE DISTANCE km Distance from target body center and secondary light source center SUB SOURCE AZIMUTH deg Analogs to sub solar azimuth but using secondary light source instead of sun SUB SOURCE LONGITUDE deg SUB SOURCE LATITUDE deg Analogs to sub solar latitude and longitude but using secondary light source instead of sun SOURCE INCIDENCE ANGLE deg SOURCE PHASE ANGLE deg SOURCE EMISSION ANGLE deg Analogs to incidence phase and emission angles but using secondary light source instead of sun TWIST ANGLE xxxx xxx deg The element TWIST ANGLE provides the angle of rotation about optical axis relative to celestial coordinates The right ascension declination and twist angles define the pointing direction of the scan platform B 142eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Sat VIE Wpix Geometry Info Syntax Sat VIEW epoch camera centralbody exposure roi Description ProVIEW provides a built in function SatVIEWpix as a method of computing spacecraft image geometry using the SPICE Spacecraft Planet Instrument Camera Events formats developed by the Navigation and A
82. e x axis see M format for more information M fyaxis Similar to M fxaxis but for the y axis M fzaxis Similar to M fxaxis but for the z axis M hidden If set to O hidden line removal will not be used in plot3d default value is 1 use hidden line removal M_holdx Sets axis display if 0 display is the extent of the data if 1 display is limited by M_xmin and M_xmax M_holdy Similar to M_holdx but for y M linetype Sets plot line type style Valid line styles are 0 for symbol 1 for solid line and 2 for spikes M panel If set to 1 a side panel will be used in the plot3d default value is 0 M phil Select rotation around z axis in 3dplot values range between 90 and 90 degrees M phi2 Select out of plane angle in 3dplot values range between 90 and 90 degrees M tlabel Title label string variable xdir If set to 0 only the lines of constant x values will appear in a plot3d default value is 1 M xlabel X axis label string variable ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 113 M_xlog Log scale of x axis valid values are 0 1 2 or 3 If set to 0 the option is disabled 1 2 or 3 yield logarithmic scaling with increasing resolution applicable to plot only M_xmax Set maximum x axis value use M_holdx 0 to cancel M_holdx 1 to restore M_xmin Set minimum x axis value use M_holdx 0 to cancel M_holdx 1 to restore M_xnice If set to 1 the max and min for the x axis
83. eady x 0 3 1 x row0 0 00 1 00 2 00 3 00 ready gtclipto x 2 999 0 00 1 00 2 00 999 00 gtindex Greater than Index Syntax gtindex a b Description Similar to eqindex but it returns an index to all elements in a greater than b Example The following illustrates the operation ready geo 2 8 ready a D00 5 00 4 00 8 00 16 00 32 00 64 00 128 00 ready gtindex a 8 4 0i 6 01 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 101 H hammiw Hamming Window Syntax hammiw n m Description Generates a 1 D or 2 D Hamming Window where the nth element in the Hamming Window is defined as 2 w 054 0A6cos 012 1 This window has side lobes in the frequency domain of 43dB Note the Hamming Window is a special case of the Blackman Harris Window The syntax for generation of a row vector containing the 1 D n element Hamming Window is hammiw n and the syntax for generating the 2 D n x m element Hamming Window is hammiw n m This 2 D array is equivalent to the MSHELL construction hammiw n hammiw m Example Let a be an array with dimensions that are a power of two The following MSHELL command will multiply the array a with a 2 D Hamming Window followed by the 2 D FFT fft2 hammiw nrows a ncols a a help Invokes the Help Utility Syntax help topic Description You can invoke the help utility dire
84. ected integer value will identify the opened file from then on The file name fname must be a valid file name in DOS The mode string must be one of the followings for read w for write or a for append If the write or append modes are tried on a non existing file the file will be created The openf returns a 0 into status if successful The system variable M_path will determine which directories in addition to the current directory to be searched see M_ System Variables on page See Also writef and closef Example The following will open test out for output as unit number 1 and test in for input as unit number 2 ready status ready status openf 1 test out w openf 2 test in Tr ys ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 125 pause Suspend Execution for N Seconds Syntax pause N Description Will causes MSHELL to stop execution for N seconds If the value of N is negative a pause dialog box will be opened Note that N can be a fractional number pixval Displays Pixel Status of Mouse Syntax pixval a Description This displays the pixel value and intensity corresponding with the placement of the mouse when clicked within an image a after having entered this command at the command line window Example pixval x wow Now click in the image x where you would like placement and intensity status The following is returned lt row posi
85. ed 0 fill polygon 1 fill polygon using shapefile record id as the fill value and 2 region add The following examples show the different modes in action Mode 0 Polygon Fill This mode works exactly as shp2fillimage If recn is a Nx2 array for each row the first column contains the shapefile record id and the second column contains the value to use to fill in the corresponding polygons if it is a Nx1 array the column vector contains the shapefile ids to extract from the shapefile and if it is 0 then all the shapefile records are extracted The value used to fill in the polygons in the second and third case is determined by the content of the system variable M plotcolor The returned image is a combination of the input image and the filled in polygons Example The following example illustrates the function z ones 180 360 100 shp2image d temp admin98 shp z 180 90 180 90 0 0 view c Background Image z Output image B 148 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Mode 1 Polygon Fill using Shapefile Record Id In this mode the record id is used to fill in the polygons If is a Nx1 array the column vector contains the record ids to extract from the shapefile if recn is 0 then all the records are extracted Note that if recn is a Nx2 array the second column is ignored Example The following example illustrat
86. ed header Syntax include mpeg msh Description This script file is used for the creation of MPEG movies from a group of existing similar image files This script prompts the user for any needed information and gives the capability of advanced functions or beginner use Example Options Regular Users Advanced Users Selection Regular Users B 106 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Syntax include pdsmap msh Description This script file is used to map several or just one PDS formatted image onto a lat long annotated grid Example File Selection Menu ect this for image focus lect this to enter a specific path file or files EXIT PROGRAM re oe es Syntax include sysedit msh ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 107 Description This script file is used to convert existing images to PDS image files whereby the now contained a keyed header Example System 4 index Index of Non Zero Elements Syntax index a b Description Similar to eqindex but it returns an index to all elements different than zero Example The following illustrates the indexing ready a 2 2 2 2 row 0 2 00 0 00 2 00 row 1 2 00 0 00 2 00 ready index a row 0 0 00 0 00i 2 00 0 00i 0 00 1 00i 2 00 1 001 inputbox Prompt User for Input Syntax inputbox prompt title defa
87. ement generates an error ready x 1 5 gt gt gt error 6 requested element address is out of range There are different schemes that facilitate the reading from or writing to an arra variable see on page 42 and EE HmagelSet R on page P3 Intrinsic Attributes Associated with Array Variables There are many intrinsic attributes associated with array variables For example these attributes can control the way a variable is displayed and interpolated Most of these attributes can be inspected and changed by the user The following presents all the intrinsic attributes associated with array variables and their associated syntax ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual Let us denote X as an existing array variable Then x m_interpflag This function is not yet implemented Selects the type of interpolation to be performed while accessing an element in an array variable by setting e x m_interpflag 0 for zero order interpolation e x m_interpflag 1 for liner interpolation along the values of a row e interpflag 2 for bi linear interpolation when trying to access the values in an array For example in the following two lines of code the interpolation flag is set to 2 resulting in a request to use bi linear interpolation interpflag 2 y x 10 3 12 7 You can read the value of this attribute x m_viewflag Controls if an image is visible for display or not by setting e xX m_viewFlag
88. enerates a rowdimXcoldim image corresponding to the map of the world for the selected range of latitudes and longitudes Example y dworld 90 90 180 180 180 360 y 255 y negate the image to force white background view y B 94eA ppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual else else conditional Syntax Jelse Description Used in an if loop to specify what to do if the conditional is not met in the if statement Example The usage of else in an if statement x 0 if x 1 Sstring good else string bad 2 END Ends Execution of a Script Syntax END within a script Description Used within a script to end the execution It is to be placed at the end of the script when to be completed eqindex Equality Index Syntax eqindex a b Description Finds the locations of all the elements in an input array which equal a constant value where a is the input array and b is the constant scalar quantity This function returns a 1 x M complex array where M is the number of points equal to the specified value and whose array elements contain the coordinates of each point encoded as follows the real part contains the column index and the imaginary part contains row index of the point If no elements are matched the value 1 is returned Example Cases with matches and without are illustrated below ready x 0 5 1 ready eqindex x 3 3 Wi ready y
89. ep size 0 00 0 20 0 40 0 60 0 80 ready 3 0 1 2 generate a 2 D matrix 3 00 2 00 1 00 0 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 0 00 ready pi 3 14159 define PI ready plot 2 cos 0 4 pi pi 4 create a plot 004 A 2 504 E 2 00 1 50 VJ 1 00 T Figure 1 Array Addition Syntax a b Description The operator symbol is used to perform the addition of two array expressions The actual sum is implemented as C at b for all j i where j and i are respectively row and column indices If b is a scalar and a is not then b will be added to each of the elements in a Example The following MSHELL statements illustrate simple examples of array addition ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 75 ready a 10 15 1 creates row vector a ready b a copies a into b ready c atb add corresponding elements in a and b ready c prints the c row vector 10 0 X row 0 20 00 22 00 24 00 26 00 28 00 30 00 ready 5 add 5 to every element in c 10 0 X row 0 25 00 27 00 29 00 31 00 33 00 35 00 Array Subtraction Syntax a b Description The operator symbol is used to perform the subtraction of two array expressions The actual subtraction is implemented as Cj 0j for all j i where j and i are row and column indices respectively If b is a scalar and a is not
90. er is ready to receive input For a quick test of To test if ProVIEW was properly installed you can run the script file mdemo msh ProVIEW select the This is done by typing the following line after the ProVIEW prompt Help Demo option from the menubar ready include mdemo followed by Enter or Return This shell script can also be ran by choosing the Demo option below the Help menu The mdemo msh script file tests many of ProVIEW s capabilities such as image display graphic display multiple windows script file and user defined function execution Communicating with the Interpreter You can communicate commands to MSHELL ProVIEW s built in command line interpreter in several different ways a ProView User s Manual Through the Graphical User Interface When a menu option is selected under the graphical user interface it generates a corresponding command line string which is passed to the MSHELL interpreter for execution see Graphical User Interface on page Through the keyboard With the Command Line Window active you can interact directly with the interpreter by following the Starting ProVIEW 13 Image Quality 14 Starting ProVIEW MSHELL language syntax see itii o RR QA on page EI Through a ProVIEW script file ProVIEW script files are user generated text files consisting of sequences of MSHELL statements and can be invoked through either the Graphical User Interface or the keyb
91. erest and updating the display type ready X X vroi 2 X aoi 10 ready view X This could also be done as follows ready regionc X vroi ready X regionc X regionc 10 ready view X 38 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide See Section mag edit Image internal functions et ET Default and User examples on the image mensuration ProView User s Manual See Region of Interest Manipulation on page 43 for additional information on using regions of interest The following set of image attributes are related to image mensuration They all start with m just as the above intrinsic attribute commands did x m x0 user defined horizontal position of upper left pixel in image x m dx user defined spacing between two adjacent horizontal pixels as you move from left to right x m_y0 user defined vertical position of upper left pixel in image x m dy user defined spacing between two adjacent pixels in the same column as you move from top to bottom x m_xunit string describing the units of x m 0 x m yunit string describing the units of x m_y0 x m flag if this flag is set to 1 the user defined image mensuration will be used when viewing the x image String Variables A string is defined as a sequence of alpha numeric characters enclosed within quotes similar to the C language In general string variable names start with For example the strin
92. ernal Functions There are four basic types of variables e Array variables holding floating point numbers e String variables holding character strings and e System variables which are used to control the interpreter environment e Virtual Variable Throughout most of this manual the terms image array or matrix can be interchanged without loss of generality The upper left element in an image or array is denoted as element row 0 col 0 36 MSHELL Interpreter Language Array Variables The basic variable in ProVIEW s MSHELL interpreter is a two dimensional array structure More specifically if is the name of an array then it points to an array structure of the form 400 7 0914 co 0 54 a c Ajara where J is the number of rows in the array and I is number of columns The ProVIEW array structure follows the convention that array indices start at zero Having the basic variable as a two dimensional array provides a unified way to treat scalars one dimensional signals and two dimensional signals images ProVIEW array variables may be either real or complex valued i e hold imaginary numbers This is particularly advantageous in Fourier transform computations The following are valid statements ready x ones 3 3 ready x 2 2 1 ready x 0 0 1 ready row 1 ready col 2 ready x row col With x defined as above then the following stat
93. es the function ones 256 256 100 c shp2image d temp sed shp z 78 015 33 001 74 992 36 009 0 1 view c show c i er oe data type is real number of rows 256 number of columns 256 maximum value 598 minimum value 0 in this case 598 records were extracted Output Image Different colors represent different record ids Mode 2 Polygon Fill with Region Add This mode is useful when trying to determine overlapping regions As each polygon is being filled in the value of the pixels inside the polygon gets increment by the fill value for that record In this way if you assign the same fill value to every record areas of overlap will have a greater value than the fill value Example The following example illustrates the function ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 149 2 ones 256 256 100 M_plotcolor 1 shp2image d temp sed shp z 78 015 33 001 74 992 36 009 0 2 view c show c ates type is real eee of rows 256 number of columns 256 maximum value 6 minimum value 0 the maximun value of 6 indicates there were overlapping regions otherwise the maximum value would have been 1 Output image regions in yellow color represent areas where there was overlap there were no plygons in the black area there was no overlap of polygons in the darker red area sign Sign of Array Elements Sy
94. eter dims should contain the list of dimension names for the new file separated by newlines The varinfo parameter should match the dims variable and provide the size for each respective dimension Finally varname should contain the NetCDF variable name to create in the new file Currently ProVIEW will only create a single variable NetCDF file Example The following demonstrates the process A new file called newfile nc is created with two dimensions called diml and dim2 A 100x100 variable using these two dimensions is created called myvariable ready ncnew newfile nc dimlNndim2 100 100 myvariable 0 ncols Number of Columns Syntax ncols a or a ncols Description Returns the number of columns in the input array Example The following demonstrates the process ready a 0 255 1 10356 create 10357x256 matrix ready ncols a 256 ready a ncols this is an equivalent command 256 ncread NetCDF Variable reader Syntax ncread fname varname or ncread fname varname start edges Description Returns the data from a NetCDF variable varname from fname The first form reads in the entire variable The second form allows an N dimensional region of interest to be read from the variable The start variable gives the start position for each dimension of the variable The edges variable gives the length of each of the dimension to read Example The following demonstrates the process The ProVIEW variable im
95. file print values to standard output read an array from disk read from a file reads text from an ascii file stops execution of a script file save arrays to disk write an array to disk writes a color bmp file from 3 ind Arrays write to a file Data Formats Virtual VPF Shapefile Matrix Vector A Gb T abs ceil complex conj exp floor fmod V Virtual Variable Vclose closes the above link between V and a disk file Vnew allocates disk space for the above virtual link Vopen links between the virtual variable and the disk vec2image converts a vec format to a proview image Vpftblinfo returns vpf table database info getshpinfo Get shapefile header information shp2contour Shapefile to contour image shp2fillimage Shapefile fill image Igebra array subtraction array transpose column augmentation array multiplication corresponding elements array multiplication array division corresponding elements array division select an interval of rows or columns row augmentation a b a raised a to power b array addition assignment operator absolute value of array elements returns the ceiling for each element of an array used to define a complex vector a b conjugate of array elements e raised to each array element returns the floor for each element of an array floating point modulus ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 69 imag imaginary part of array ele
96. g MSHELL statements are legal readf statements ready Status readf 1 s Sname ready status readf 1 f x ready status readf 1 4 2f x ready status readf 1 g x ready status readf 1 e x readtext Loads Text File Syntax readtext fname Description This function is used to load a text file into memory Example Read then display the script file flyby msh ready x readtext c proview msh flyby msh ready x V Vopen d clemen mview uvvisn fe Otol8 chr VN 5760 11521 1 0 wdef 0 0 1 1 0 flyby 0 time i 0 while 1 lt 35 meter flyby demo completion i 35 100 angle i 35 6 28 roi wdef 2336 128 cos angle 6926 128 sin angle 256 256 flyby V roi i itl meter 1 time view flyby ready evaltext x real Real Part of an Array Syntax real a or a real Description Returns real part for each element in the array a Example The following MSHELL statement will extract the real part of the Fourier Transform of a and store the result in c real fft2 a ready evaltext x regionand Defines a ROI as Common of Two Syntax regionand roi roi2 Description Defines a new region of interest which is the common overlapping area of two other regions of interest roi and roi2 return Returns From an Include File Syntax return Description Stops the execution of an include file an
97. g variable message can be assigned a string as follows message hello world ProVIEW allows the use of control characters within a string such as n linefeed t tabulation b backspace iM backslash The above control characters can be used to control the format of strings on the output If x is a string its content can be accessed using the following syntax x row x row column x row start column end column For example x 3 returns row 3 starting at 0 MSHELL Interpreter Language 39 x 3 4 returns character 4 at row 3 x 3 4 10 returns substring at row 3 Relational Operations are permitted on strings See Program Flow Control for more info System Variables Within the system variables there are plot image display and script related variables The majority of the system variables are used for plotting purposes by the plot and plot3d functions A complete list of these variables can be found in the dictionary of internal functions under M Some of the ProVIEW system variables are strings while others are numbers All system variables are prefixed by M String system variables do not require the they are a special case For example to initialize the x axis label to the string Time use M_xlabel Time Virtual Variable V ProVIEW has a special variable called the virtual variable With this variable the user can manipulate an image f
98. g will contain 51 rows and 51 columns from the first plane of the variable Temperature ProVIEW arrays storing more than one plane will be filled sequentially with each plane requested B 122eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready img ncread temp nc Temperature 0 0 0 1 51 51 ready show img img data type is real number of rows 51 number of columns 51 maximum value 28 833 minimum value le 034 ncvarattstr NetCDF Variable Attribute String Syntax nevarattstr fname varname attname Description Returns the contents of the attribute attname attached to variable varname from NetCDF file fname as a string An error will occur if the variable does not exist A blank string will be returned if the attribute does not exist See Also cvarattval NetCDF Variable Attribute Value Example The following demonstrates the process ready ncvarattstr temp nc Temperature units degc ncvarattval NetCDF Variable Attribute Value Syntax nevarattval fname varname attname Description Returns the value of the attribute attname attached to variable varname from NetCDF file fname as an array An error will occur if the variable does not exist A blank string will be returned if the attribute does not exist Returns a Null string if attribute contains an unknown numeric type See Also cvarattstr NetCDF Variable Attribute String Example The following demo
99. ge a plot or a script file to the selected printer Note that ProVIEW does not require any special printer drivers as utilizes the Windows printer divers that you have already installed File Print Screen Sends an image of the ProVIEW screen to the printer IRunScript Use this menu option to execute the script file in the active window or just the highlighted portion of the script file in the active window This very powerful feature simplifies the interactive development of SCRIPT files FilelExit Terminates execution of the current ProVIEW session Edit This menu allows the user to select from any of the following options Undo Paste Delete and Clear Although these options are primarily for the editing of script files the Copy and Paste options can be used with Images EditlEdit System Variables This command runs the sysedit msh script file which allows one to change all of the system variables M_ which are described later in the internal functions section Search This menu allows the user to select from any of the following options v All these options are primarily related to the editing of script files Find Image Image Display This menu option provides you with a means using the Dialog Box of Figure 4 to select which of the open Image Variables to display see Array Variables on page ProView User s Manual Graphical User Interface 21 22 Graphical U
100. given file the image will not load properly The image file formats or modes supported are char charflex fits tiff gif pds float bmp jpeg asciiflex and clemen_pds Note that only the charflex and asciiflex formats requires the additional argument cntvec please see third and fourth examples Several examples using supported file formates follow See Also M_path under M System Variables on page chr The char format stores images by using 1 byte pixel prefixed by MSHELL s 9 byte header i e 4 bytes specifying the number of rows 4 bytes specifying the number of columns and 1 byte specifying if array elements real or complex This format can be used both for both the reading and writing of data Example Read eqohare chr image ready x reada eqohare chr char ready view x flex The flex format provides you significant flexibility when reading various byte pixel types of data You can read the whole image or just specified subregions of the image This is accomplished by using an additional argument cntvec This is a vector with specific data read criteria and is formated as follows in sizej number of rows in input image in sizei number of col in input image hsize header size to skip if any NN jstart start row NN istart start column jend end row NN iend end column NN jstep read every jstep row NN istep read
101. hat can be called from ProVIEW must conform to the following declaration ARRAY fname ARRAY ARRAY ARRAY ARRAY ARRAY where ARRAY is a data structure defined in user h Note that the declaration requires five ARRAY inputs but the user need not use the five inputs The functions the user wants to call from ProVIEW must be exportable Second generate a 32 bit dynamic link library The C compiler linker you use must be able to generate a 32 bit DLL Consult your compiler reference manual Note The memory allocation routines that ProVIEW uses are contained in mem dll If you plan to use memory allocation routines in your code i e malloc calloc realloc free strdup it is strongly recommended that you use instead the functions contained in mem dll ie NewMalloc NewCalloc NewRealloc NewFree NewStrdup The file prvmem h is provided with the ProVIEW installation Include it in your source code if you are going to make use of the mem dll memory allocation routines If you are using Microsoft Visual C include the import library memvc lib in your project If you are using Borland C C include the import library membc lib in your project Both memvc lib and membc lib are included as part of the ProVIEW installation From within ProVIEW s Command Shell Window register the DLL using the following command loadDLL fullpath dllname where fullpath is the path to the DLL including drive letter and dllname is the name of
102. he cursor within an image on the screen is normally given with respect to the upper left pixel in the image i e row column 0 0 As you move the cursor over the image it s row position column position and pixel value are tracked in the status bar at the bottom left of ProVIEW s Main Window These are reported as row col val default mode row yval lt units gt col xval lt units gt val user define mode In the user defined mode the cursor position is mapped into user defined rectangular coordinate system row col gt yval xval To set user defined ProVIEW User s Guide For a discussion of ima attributes See ProView User s Manual Plot interpixel distance from the Graphical User Interface you need use the ImagelMensuration User Defined menu This will bring an input box similar to the one below where 0 is the coordinate along the row axis for the first pixel on the upper left corner of the image yO is the coordinate along the column axis for the first pixel on the upper left corner of the image dx is the interpixel distance along the horizontal axis and dy is the interpixel distance along vertical axis gt 12 384 meters c48 1536 meters val 178 2g Figure 9 Partial Landsat Image of Ohare Airport Notice user defined units on the lower left corner MENSURATION x0 yO 4000 dx 25 dy 25 cunits meters runits meters Figure 10
103. he function name and followed by the list of input arguments The following is a simple ProVIEW FUNCTION file FUNCTION out1 out2 MYFUNC in1 in2 in3 in4 LOCAL 10 inl b 3 in2 The string passed was in4 outl inl in2 This is a dummy function out2 inl in2 in3 a b Notice that the variables a and b in the above example only exist during the duration of subroutine Variables needed within the function must be passed to the function and new variables not implicitly declared in the calling statement should then be declared within the function using the LOCAL statement An actual call to the above example function could be x hammiw 32 32 y gtclipto x 0 5 0 5 Z res1 res2 MYFUNC x y z where res1 and res2 will contain the result to the external function call Include Files msh Include files are not function files hence they do not erase local variables upon termination Include files are simpler than ProVIEW Function files and are not constrained by the FUNCTION rules The user may think of an include file as a sequence of commands that can be invoked with a simple include call Typically include files are saved to disk with the extension msh Virtual Include Files vsh A modification to the standard msh is the vsh extension this allows ProVIEW to automatically execute the entire contents of the script when opened
104. he use of xcorr and xcorrt ready x 2 4 2 ready y 0 2 1 ready z xcorr x y example of xcorr row 0 0 00 2 00 8 00 10 00 4 00 ready zp xcorrt x y example of xcorrt ready zp row 0 2 00 8 00 10 00 xline Extract Pixel Values along Line Segment Syntax xline a rowl coll row2 col2 Description This function extracts the pixel values along a line segment in an array The coordinates rowl coll and row2 col2 are respectively the start and end points of the line segment Note that xline a rowl coll row2 col2 is equivalent to the following MSHELL instruction based on the bresen and complex funtions bresen complex col1 col2 row1 row2 See Also bresen Example For the given an array the following will calculate both the xline and the a besen complex 0 3 0 3 transformations of the array B 166 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual a hammiw 4 4 generate a 4 x 4 array a 10 0 X row 0 0 0064 0 0432 0 0800 0 0432 row 1 0 0432 0 2916 0 5400 0 2916 row 2 0 0800 0 5400 1 0000 0 5400 row 3 0 0432 0 2916 0 5400 0 2916 xline a 0 0 3 3 example of xline 10 0 X row 0 0 0064 0 2916 1 0000 0 2916 0 0432 a bresen complex 0 3 0 3 0 0064 0 2916 1 0000 0 2916 xlinec Extracts Coordinates of Line Syntax xlinec image Description Used to list the coordinates along a linear region of interest Once the command has been issued
105. hen read and write to selective regions of interest in a very flexible manner e The ability to perform simple automatic projections of satellite images into the planet surface or the celestial sphere Who Should Use ProVIEW 8 Overview ProVIEW has been developed by and for professionals working in the areas of image and signal processing who desire to concentrate on algorithmic development rather than on low level programming ProVIEW can significantly reduce the time required for the development and implementation of image and signal processing algorithms without sacrificing computational performance A single statement in ProVIEW s interpreter language MSHELL can be equivalent to a large number of statements in other languages such as C or FORTRAN Based on the understanding that both image processing and multi dimensional signal processing share the same mathematical foundations MSHELL was developed from the onset as an image and signal processing language With MSHELL at it s core ProVIEW is an Image and Signal Processing Environment that is powerful compact and simple to use This makes ProVIEW an excellent tool for work in many diverse application areas such as e Calibration and Reduction of Satellite Imagery coherent as well as non coherent image data e Visualization of Multi Spectral Image Data ProVIEW User s Guide e Modeling of Electro Optical Imaging Systems e Machine Inspection e Pattern Recogn
106. ices of the desired polygonal region within the image of interest B 168 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual zeropad Expand an Image with Zeroes Syntax zeropad a n m Description Add zeros to the input array a where n is the number of rows and m is the number of columns Example Takes a 2 x 2 array and pads it to a 3 x 5 array ready x 1 2 3 4 ready x row 0 1 00 2 00 row 1 3 00 4 00 ready zeropad x 3 5 ready y row 0 1 00 2 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 row 1 3 00 4 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 row 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 zeros Initialize Array to all Zeros Syntax zeros n m Description Create an array in memory with all the elements set to 0 Example The following MSHELL statement will create the 512 x 512 array c in memory with all entries set to 0 zeros 512 512 zinterp Zero Order Interpolation Syntax zinterp f x Description This is used to perform zero order interpolation on an array f by expanding the data to a range specified by the x array which will list the abscissa and ordinate indices for each new desired element ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 169 Appendix C External Functions Introduction The external function list can be seen by linking to the following web address The detailed descriptions and realtime examples of the external functions can be seen at the above mentioned web ad
107. ile which can be as large as the whole disk space available in the system If the user has a huge image in a file or is going to be working with an image that can not be easily held in memory then he or she can still manipulate pieces of the large image using ProVIEW s virtual variable The basic virtual related functions in ProVIEW are Vopen Vclose and Vnew Vopen Links V to a floating point or 1 byte pixel type of file Vclose Stops link between V and a disk file Vnew Creates a new virtual file See Appendix B for detailed usage of the above virtual variable manipulatory functions Pages B 87 88 Once a link is established between a file in disk and the virtual variable V then the user can access rectangular regions of interest in the disk file for read or write operations the user must always provide a rectangular region of interest when writing or reading from Example The following script file illustrates the use of ProVIEW s virtual variable VE M_cwd proview images clemen moonbrus roi wdef 0 0 1 1 VzVopen allmoon chr 5760 11521 1 0 r01 0 flyby 20 view flyby i20 while i lt 35 meter flyover virtual image i 35 100 angle 1 35 6 28 roi wdef 2336 128 cos angle 6926 128 sin angle 256 256 flyby V roi i it l meter 1 Vclose V 40 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual Statements A statement
108. in the command window then one is prompted to click the endpoints of the desired linear region within the image of interest xlinev Extracts Vertices of Line Syntax xlinev image Description Used to list the vertices or end point of a linear region of interest Once the command has been issued in the command window then one is prompted to click the endpoints of the desired linear region within the image of interest xlut Look Up Table Transformation Syntax xlut a lut Description Performs a permanent look up table transformation on the given input array a using a user supplied look up table Tut Example Suppose it is desired to transform an array region of interest in image f using inverse ramp mapping This can be done using t reada eqohare chr char troi wdef 0 0 20 30 f roi xlut f roi 255 0 1 xpolyc Extracts Coordinates of a Polygon Syntax xpolyc image Description Used to list the coordinates along a polygonal region of interest Once the command has been issued in the command window then one is prompted to click the vertices of the desired polygonal region within the image of interest Xpolyv Extracts Vertices of a Polygon Syntax xpolyv image ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 167 Description Used to list the vertices of a polygonal region of interest Once the command has been issued in the command window then one is prompted to click the vert
109. indow Image Plot Roi Using this menu option you can generate any of the following types of plots PLOT3D CONTOUR and HISTOGRAM for the active region of interest defined for the active image Once a region of interest has been defined an alternative way to invoke these plot functions is through the set of icons in the ProVIEW tool bar i e use A for Plot3d use for Histogram and use IK for Contour ImagelSpreadsheet View This allows one to view the image values as they would appear within a spreadsheet where each pixel is simply an entry within a table with the same dimensions rmagelZoom This option allows the user to zoom over the active image Zero order interpolation is used for zooming into the image As you move a rectangular window over the input image a magnified version of the encompassed region appears within the ImagelZoom popup window ImagelOptions Selecting this menu item opens the ImagelOptions Dialog Box which affords you a great deal of control over the way the image is displayed on screen The options available as pictured in Figure 7 include a choice of pre defined or user defined Output Look Up Tables adjustable Color Offset and adjustable Dynamic Range setting ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual Image Options x Select LUT 0 Offset 255 Gray Scale Red e i0 Expand OFF i gt PseudoColori Dynamic Range gt PseudoColor2
110. ing is an example of str2float usage with a 2x3 array creation ready str 4 56 34 25 67 02 n12 28 34 64 3 23 define string variable ready str2float str example of str2float 10 0 X row 0 4 56 34 25 67 02 row 1 12 28 34 64 3 23 str2int Converts Numeric String to Integer Syntax str2int string Description Returns an array with integer value s equal to that of the numeric string string as if it had been evaluated at the command line string can be comma delimited for column separation and n delimited for row signification See Also str2float strlen Example The following is an example of str2float usage with a 2x3 array creation ready str 4 56 34 25 67 02 n12 28 34 64 3 23 define string variable ready str2int str example of str2int 10 0 X row 0 4 00 34 00 67 00 row 1 12 00 34 00 3 00 strlen Computes the Length of a String Syntax strlen string Description Returns a 1 x 1 array with the number of characters in a string See Also str2float str2ind Example The following generates a string variable and then calculates str2float sstr2ind and strlen of the variable ready Sstr 4 356 define string variable ready strlen Sstr example of srtlen d 5 strlow2up Converts lowercase to uppercase Syntax strlow2up lowercase Description The output is a string whereby all lowercase characters have been changed to
111. ion However to help you get off to a quick start we provide you with some useful tips and observations e When a script file or function is executing the word running appears in the lower right portion of the screen STOP ICON qty e To stop ProVIEW from executing an instruction click on the STOP icon located on the tool bar or press the ESC key e While in the Command Line Window any recently invoked command can be re invoked by using the UP and DOWN arrow keys on the keyboard e To exit ProVIEW select the FilelExit menu option ProView User s Manual Starting ProVIEW 15 Graphical User Interface ProVIEW s Windows Environment Since ProVIEW runs under Microsoft Windows some familiarity with the Windows Graphical User Interface GUI is assumed For additional details or for a review of the Windows environment we refer you to your Microsoft Windows manuals With ProVIEW you can have multiple windows open at the same time each one containing an image a plot text or a script file However you will note that at any given time only one of these windows will be the Active Window i e the window with the highlighted top bar In Figure 1 the Command Shell Window is the active window dt image Piet Goris Upessiar iedos 2 ALLILLAE ajari al 1 pui E asi a a a aed i IS E weedy goles DL peed OP 58 GE rai dea 4 read sirs mrball th a 1 RA
112. ion This command lists the pixel values within a previously selected region of interest Note The region of interest must be of conservative size considering the requirements to list all values within the region B 82eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual asin Inverse Sine Syntax asin a or a asin Description Compute the inverse sine of each array element The output is in radians The actual mathematical expression computed is given by asin a for allj i where j and i are row and column indices respectively Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the inverse sine of a and store the result in c ready asin a atan Inverse Tangent Syntax atan a or a atan Description Compute the inverse tangent of each array element The output is in radians The actual mathematical expression computed is given by atan a for all j i where j and i are row and column indices respectively The returned values are between 7 2 and 7 2 Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the inverse tangent of a and store the result in c ready c atan x atan2 Inverse Tangent Syntax atan2 y x Description Computes the inverse tangent of each array element The output is in radians Returns the arc tangent of y x in the range to 7 atan2 produces correct results even when the resulting angle is near 7 2 or 7 2 i e x near 0
113. ition and e Neural Network modeling To effectivly use ProVIEW a working knowledge of Linear Algebra Image Processing and Computer Programming is recommended _A listing of textbooks which can provide such a working knowledge is given in References and Further below References and Further Readings e Applied Research Corporation A User s Guide for the Flexible Image Transport System FITS March 5 1990 e Frick Malaret Applied Coherent Technology Clementine EDR Archive SIS October 1 1994 e Fukunaga K Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition Academic Press 1972 e Harris G G On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform Proceedings of the IEEE vol 66 No 1 pp 51 83 January 1978 e Kernighan B W and Ritchie D M The C Programming Language Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs N J e Knuth D E Sorting and Searching vol 3 of The Art of Computer Programming Addison Wesley 1973 e Microsoft Windows User s Guide Microsoft Corporation e Press W H Flanney B P Teukolsky S A and Vettering W T Numerical Recipes in C Cambridge University Press 1988 e Rosenfeld A Kak A C Digital Picture Processing second edition Academic Press New York New York 1982 e Strang G Linear Algebra and Its Applications Academic Press New York 1980 e Newman W M and Sproull R F Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics
114. ity for performing arbitrary spatial filtering functions For example the local mean and variance over the array a using a Nx N window can be computed respectively using the following MSHELL calls spatf a mean spatf a N N var Likewise the local maximum over a 9 x 9 window can be computed with spatf a 9 9 max sqrt Square Root Syntax sqrt a or a sqrt Description Computes the square root of each array element in a If any of the entries in the input array are negative the output of the square root will be complex i e sqrt 1 0 1i where i implies that the number is imaginary Taking the square root of a complex array is a valid operation stats Computes Basic Statistics Syntax stats a or a stats Description Returns a row vector whose first element is the minimum value in a its second element is the maximum value in a its third element is the mean value of the elements of a and its last element is the standard deviation of the elements of a str2float Converts Numeric String to Float Syntax str2float string Description Returns an array with float value s equal to that of the numeric string string as if it had been evaluated at the command line string can be comma delimited for column separation and n delimited for row signification See Also str2int strlen B 152eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Example The follow
115. k Syntax save path array ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 143 Description Used to save an array to disk wherby one specifies the desired path and array name to use scale255 Scale to 8 bit Range Syntax scale255 a or a scale255 Description Scale the input array values to fall in the range 0 255 This function is particularly useful for scaling an array prior to copying it to an 8 bit image frame buffer Note that the input to scale255 must be real Example Given that a is a valid array f scale255 a will scale a and copy it into image f select Selects an Output Look Up Table Syntax select wolut Description This is used to select the desired look up table The sign will be replaced with the corresponding number for the look up table desired Example The following will select look up table 2 ready select wolut2 setcwd Sets the current working directory Syntax setcwd Sstring status setewd string Description This is used to set the current working directory from the command line or within a script The advantage of using this function over the typical M_cwd command is that this captures the state of the change If status is 0 then the cwd request was successful if equal to lt 1 gt then it was unsuccessful This could be because the directory specified does not exist or simply that access permissions have not been met Example The followi
116. les which affect the plot related functions Example The following MSHELL instructions generate a 32 x 32 hamming function which is then stored in x and then used to generate a contour plot of x ready M_xlabel row index M_ylabel column index ready x hammiw 32 32 ready contour10 x x min x max x min 0 1 0 3 convol Discrete Convolution Syntax convol k a Description This function performs the discrete convolution of a given array a with a kernel array k The implementations used in convol and convolt are computationally efficient for small kernel sizes However for large kernels an FFT implementation of the convolution should be considered Given an image and the right kernel this function can be used to change the spatial resolution in the image Given that array a has dimensions N x M 77 Aom Ay yy a 77 ON Ly it is assumed that a is zero for any index outside of the implicit range specified above It is required that the kernel k be of odd dimension say 2P 1 x 2Q 1 where P and Q are non negative integers satisfying 2P 1 lt N and 20 1 lt The input kernel samples are assumed to map into a row range of P to and a column range of Q to Q k gt The result of convolution is the array g ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B
117. ltiplication Syntax a b Description The operator symbol is used to perform the multiplication of corresponding elements between two arrays The multiplication is implemented as C 7 aj b j for all j 1 where j and i are row and column indices respectively An error message will be generated if a and b do not have the same dimensions Example The following MSHELL statement will multiply corresponding elements in array a and b and store the result in c ready a 1 2 3 creates a row vector ready a print array row 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 ready b a ready a b mult corresponding elements ready c print results row 0 1 00 4 00 9 00 Continuation Line delimiter Description The symbol tells the MSHELL interpreter that the present statement will be continued on the next physical line Continuation lines can only be used within MSHELL script files msf or msh Example The following 2 lines of code illustrate the use of the continuation line delimiter within a script function The result of the expression is 21 4 5 NN 1 Single Line Comment Delimiter Description The symbol is used to specify that a single line comments will follow All characters that follow this symbol within a given physical line will be ignored Example The following illustrates the use of the single line delimiter ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Intern
118. m an Image Syntax textremove image text ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 157 Description Used to remove the desired string text from an image if it was created using the command textoverlay text2image Converts Text to an Image Syntax text2image sexpr Description Given a single line input string text2image converts the input string into a two dimensional array where sexpr is a string expression Once the text exists in image form it can be manipulated just as any other image Example The ProVIEW screen of Figure 5 illustrates this application Eie Edi Search Plat perminra Lommand shall ntr EmgxEZLnagri OBAHE BIHPORI 3 l 01 7 GES che char toukmw eqoharn E a bei Figure 5 trace Sum Diagonal Elements Syntax trace a or a trace Description Sums the elements on the diagonal of the input square array Example Generate a square array and calculate trace ready x randg 3 3 ready x row 0 0 85 0 94 D I6 row 1 1 23 1 08 0 46 row 2 0 88 0 80 0 41 aan trace x 1 52219 B 158 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual V Virtual Variable Syntax V Description This variable is used to hold the virtual variable All access to any array opened virtually will be performed using this variable
119. ments int integer part of array elements invm array inverse log natural log of array elements log10 log base 10 of array elements makecmplx makes a scalar into a complex vector nint nearest integer of array elements real real part of array elements sign sign of array elements sqrt square root of array elements sum sum of all array elements sume sum columns sumcum row wise cumulative sum of array elements sumr sum rows svd computes the singular value decomp of an array trace sum diagonal elements Plot colplot plots a given column from an array contour contour plot of an array dworld extracts a latlong region from the world database plot plot a row vector complex or real plot2image uses coords and intensity to form a shaded image plot3d mesh plot or 3d plot of an array rowplot plots a given row from an view4d produces a 3d image which is given height by another Region_Ops aoi lists pixel values within active region of interest bresen compute line segment between two points ladd2groi local addition to generalized region of interest pixval pixel value and mouse status in an image rfill fills determined polygons with roi s text used to add text to an array for later display vroi variable region of interest wdef define a region of interest wmove move a region of interest wsize dimensions of a rectangular region of interest xline extract values along a line xlinec extract coordinate points of a line xlinev extract vertices point
120. n either the field or value parameters If you need to use the character in the value parameter for instance you must encode it using the character followed by the hexadecimal representation of its ASCII value i e 3D Also the character is used to denote a white space so if you need to use the character in the value parameter you must encode it as 2B Below are examples of incorrect and correct usage Incorrect Correct provweb exe cmd1 x 5 provweb exe cmd1 x 3D 5 provweb exe cmd2zy 5 provweb exe cmd2 y 3D x 2B 5 provweb exe subject Hello World provweb exe subjectz Hello World The table below shows how ProVIEW Web interprets various field value instances The xtype value is optional and is used to define the content type returned by ProVIEW Web If omitted the content type is text html with the Title Head and Body tags already predefined If you specify _xtype text html when invoking provweb exe you are expected to provide the Title Head and Body tags as part of the output of ProVIEW Web Field value Internal Representation Description fieldname value1 fieldname value 1 ProVIEW Web internally creates a string variable with the same name as the field item and sets the value Example Example to the value item myname Joe Smith myname Joe Smith cmd value2 value2 when the field item starts with cmd ProVIEW Web uses
121. ncillary Information Facility NAIF at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SatVIEWpix is called from the command shell within ProVIEW Given a list of one or more points in the focal plane array of an image SatVIEWpix computes for each point its corresponding latitude longitude incidence phase and emission angles This function is highly dependent on the SatVIEW function The first four inputs to SatVIEWpix are similar to the ones used with SatVIEW Calling Syntax y SatVIEWpix Sepoch camera centralbody exposure roi INPUT epoch Start time of image example 27FEB94 20 12 34 513 camera Camera for which the values will be computed centralbody Body for which all SUB SPACECRAFT values are computed exposure Time in seconds of the exposure duration for the sensor roi complex row vector with dimension x N Each entire in roi corresponds to a pixel position in the focal plane array The real part correspond to the column position and the imaginary part correspond to the row position The upper left corner pixel is referenced corresponds to row 0 and column 0 OUTPUT y 5 x N array The entries in the i column of the return array are listed and described in Table 2 Description latitude in deg longitude in deg incidence angle in deg phase angle in deg emission angle in deg Table 2 SatVIEWpix return array description save Saves an Array to Dis
122. nctions ProVIEW User s Manual G gauss N Dimensional Gaussian Density Syntax gauss a invcov det Description Given a covariance matrix this function evaluates the Zero Mean Multi Dimensional Gaussian Density Function The gaussian density function is evaluated for each column vector in a The actual mathematical expression evaluated for each column vector in a is 1 D n Zx where is the covariance matrix of the Gaussian density function with dimensions N x N N is the dimension of the columns in a is a column vector in the input array the function is 1 cae evaluated for each column in x X is the matrix inverse of the covariance matrix and is the determinant of the covariance matrix The output of this function is a row vector of length equal to number of columns present in the input array a geclipto Greater or Equal Clip to Syntax geclipto a tval newval Description Set all the values in the input array greater than or equal to a selected threshold to a new desired value where a is the input array tval is the threshold value and newval is the desired new value Example The following illustrates the operation ready x 0 3 1 x 0 00 1 00 2 00 3 00 ready geclipto 2 999 0 00 1 00 999 00 999 00 geindex Greater than or Equal Index Syntax geindex a b Description Similar t
123. ng sets the current working directory to Since status 0 we know that the request was successful ready status setcwd C NNTemp ready status 0 ready setroi Interactively sets an ROI Syntax setroi image Description This is used to set a roi from the screen using the mouse for input After having released the left mouse buton and clicking the right button the roi will be saved as the rectangular region selected Example The following sets the variable roi equal to the complex array of pixels defining the dragged out contained region within image ready roi setroi image B 144 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual shiftc Cyclic Shift of an Image Syntax shiftc a row col Description This function is used to shift or translate an input array or image by a specified number of columns and rows The shift is cyclic i e border pixels will wrap around Note that the values of row and col must be non negative Example Included with example of shiftt shiftt Shift an Array or Image Syntax shiftt a row col Description This function is used to shift or translate an input array or image by a specified number of columns and rows The shift is non cyclic i e border pixels will not wrap around Note that the values of row and col must be non negative Example The example on the next page generates an array and then applie
124. nge of 0 to 255 hist255 Histogram of 8 bit data Syntax hist255 a or a hist255 Description Generate a histogram of the distribution of intensity values in the input array The data values within the input array must assume only integer values in the range of 0 to 255 inclusive The returned vector has 256 entries where k positive value in the i 1 entry implies there were k elements in the input array which assumed the i value Example The following is a typical application ready x reada eqohare chr char ready plot hist255 x 6000 00 D 000 004 i M I T 00 100 00 200 00 300 00 x Figure 3 hyplut Hyperbolic Histogram LUT Syntax hyplut a imin imax Description Computes the 256 entries 8bit look up table or intensity transformation which when applied to the input image will result in a hyperbolic distribution of intensity values The input arguments are the input image a and the intensity limits imin and imax respectively the minimum and the maximum values that any intensity value in a can be map to Both imin and imax must be between 0 and 255 inclusive It is expected that the input image is representative of an image with 8 bits pixel An advantage of using a hyperbolic lut is that it accounts for the assumed logarithmic or cube root response of the photoreceptors of the human eye model resulting in a perceived m
125. nstrates the process ready ncvarattval temp nc Temperature dtgymd 19981012 newrite NetCDF Write Variable Syntax ncwrite fname varname img ncstart ncedges Description Writes array img to an existing variable varname in NetCDF file fname The parameters ncstart and ncedges determine what position to start writing in the variable and how much to write in each dimension For an N dimensional NetCDF variable ncstart and ncedges must be 1xN Example The following demonstrates the process The values 1 2 3 are written to the beginning of the first row in the 2 D variable myvariable in NetCDF file temp nc om ready ncwrite newfile nc myvariable 1 2 3 0 0 1 3 0 ncwriteatt NetCDF Write Attribute Syntax newriteatt fname varname attname value or newriteatt fname varname attname strvalue ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 123 Description Creates or modifies the value of attribute attname associated with variable varname If varname is empty string the attribute is added to the global attributes of the NetCDF file A floating point value value or a string strvalue can be written Example The following demonstrates the process ready ncwriteatt newfile nc myvariable version 3 0 ready ncwriteatt newfile nc myvariable Units degrees C 0 nint Nearest Integer Syntax nint a or a nint Description C
126. ntax sign a or a sign Description Compute the sign of each element in the array For every element in a it returns 1 if the element is greater than or equal to zero and 1 otherwise This function does not accept complex inputs Example Generate a vector and then apply the sign function to the vector ready a geo 2 7 generate a row vector ready sign a example of sign row 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 sin Sine Syntax sin a or a sin B 150 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual Description Compute the sine of each array element Note that the input is expected in radians sinc Sinc Function Syntax sinc a or a sinc Description Evaluates the sinc function for each element in the input array The sinc function is defined as sin m x sinc x T X Note that sinc 0 is evaluated as 1 sinh Hyperbolic Sine Syntax sinh a or a sinh Description Computes the hyperbolic sine of each array element The hyperbolic sine of x is evaluated as g g sinh x 2 Skeleton Binary Conversion Filter Syntax skeleton array Description Converts an image to all 0 and 1 depending upon their amplitude This is used to show lines of maximum amplitude Example smodify String Replace Syntax smodify string from to Description This replaces all occurrences of from with to in the string string The outpu
127. o be written bmp tiff or ppm writef Formatted File Write Syntax writef unit format arrayname or writef unit format stringname Description This function is used to perform a formatted write to a file unit which has already being open using the openf command Note that only one value or string can be written at a time The first command above is used for doing a formatted write of an already existing 1 x 1 array into a file The second command above is used for doing a formatted string write into an already open file The format string follows a similar form to the C language formatting options where s is used for strings and f 96g e are used for floating point numbers Example Given that unit 1 has been already open with an openf statement and that is an array variable and name is a string variable then the following MSHELL statements are legal writef statements status writef 1 Hello my name is s n name status writef 1 The temperature is f degrees x status writef 1 The value is Mn 4 2f x status writef 1 g x status writef 1 e x wsize Size of a Region of Interest Syntax wsize roi or roi wsize Description Given a valid rectangular region of interest this function will return the dimensions of the rectangular window defining the ROI wtile Tiles all Screen Windows Syntax wtile Description Tiles all the windows presently opened in the ProVIEW environment B 164 eA
128. o eqindex but it returns an index to all elements in a greater or equal than b Example The following illustrates the operation ready a geo 2 8 ready geindex a 16 row 0 4 00 0 001 6 00 0 001 geo Geometric Series Syntax geo a n Description Generates a vector whose elements are the first n terms of the geometric eu series of the input scalar a It is expected that a be a real or complex scalar Mathematically geo a n generates the row vector ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 99 a al a Example The following illustrates the operation ready geo 2 8 row 0 1 00 2 00 4 00 8 00 16 00 32 00 64 00 128 00 getenv Get Environment Variable Syntax getenv string Description Returns a string which is the currently held value for the string passed in parenthesis This string is the environment variable for which information is to be retreived ready getenv PATH C WINNT40 SYSTEM32 getline Finds Line Matching String Pattern Syntax getline str pattern Description Given a string variable str this function can be used to find the line where the string pattern appears for the first time Example The following example illustrates the function ready Sa Now n is the Mn time Mn for all ready a Now is the time for elles ready line getline Sa time re
129. o the extents of the window makecmplx Makes a scalar into a complex vector Syntax makecmplx x Description Makes the scalar x into a complex vector Example The following demonstrates the operation ready makecmplx 5 ready y row 0 5 04 Maximum in Array Syntax max a or a max Description Find the maximum value of all the elements in the input array Note that this function is only valid for real input arrays Example The following demonstrates the operation ready a randu 1 8 ready a row 0 0 02 0 46 0 64 0 96 0 34 0 57 0 08 0 60 ready max a 0 95636 maxmin Maximum and Minimum in Array Syntax maxmin a or a maxmin Description Find the maximum and minimum values of all the elements in the input array Note that this function is only valid for real input arrays Example The following demonstrates the process ready a randu 1 100 create a vector of random numbers ready maxmin a row 0 1 00 0 01 maxof Element by Element Maximum Syntax maxof a b Description Computes the maximum on an element by element basis In general the two input arrays must have the same dimensions The only exception to this is when one of the input arrays is a scalar Note that this function is only valid for real input arrays Example The following demonstrates the process B 116 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual
130. oVIEW User s Manual Planetocentric latitude and longitude of camera boresight intercept point LATI LONI LAT2 LON2 LAT3 LON3 deg Latitudes and longitudes of the surface intercept points of the principle points of the camera HORIZONTAL_PIXEL_SCALE lt km gt VERTICAL PIXEL SCALE km Distance measured along horizontal and vertical directions along target surface between intercept points defined by centers of left and right edges of pixel sized region in FOV centered at camera boresight Defined only when boresight intercepts surface Units are in kilometers SMEAR LENGTH pixels Norm of velocity vector of camera boresight intercept point projected on target multiplied by the exposure duration with the scale of the image factored to obtain the smear in pixels Spacecraft rotation is taken into account Units are in pixels SMEAR AZIMUTH xxxxx xx deg Azimuth of smear velocity vector The reference line for the angleextends from the center of the image to the right edge of the image The angle increases in the clock wise direction The angle is measured to the image of the smear velocity vector in the camera s focal plane This image is computed by orthogonally projecting the smear vector onto the image plane and then applying whatever transformations are required to orient the result properly with respect to the image The specific transformations to be performed are given by the camera s I kernel
131. oard as described above see ProVIEW Script on page lig Note that since a script file is just a collection or sequence of MSHELL language statements it is also referred to as a MSHELL script file The spatial resolution in pixels and the number of gray levels and or pseudo colors that your system has while running ProVIEW is determined by the display driver loaded in the Microsoft Windows environment and the graphics adapter hardware installed in your computer ProVIEW has been tested with the following graphic adapter cards ooo eee Graphics Card Spatial Resolution Number of Gray Levels columns X rows or Colors Number 9 1280 X 1024 16 777 216 24 bits ATI Graphics Ultra Pro 1024 X 768 65 536 16 bits 800 X 600 16 777 216 24 bits 640 X 480 16 777 216 24 bits Diamond Viper 2Mb 1024 X 768 65 536 16 bits 800 X 600 16 777 216 24 bits Diamond Stealth 64 2Mb 640 X 480 16 777 216 24 bits VGA generic 640 X 480 16 4 bits 8514 1024 X 768 256 8 bits When at least 65 536 gray levels or pseudo colors are used it is possible to display gray scale images together with pseudo color images See HelplSystem Info on page B2 for how to get specific information about your video graphics card s present configuration ProVIEW User s Guide Useful Tips Specific information on how to navigate throughout the ProVIEW environment can be found in the Graphical User Interface sect
132. ompute the nearest integer for each element in the array Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the nearest integer for each element of the input array a and store the result in c ready a randu 2 4 create a random 2x4 matrix ready nint a row 0 0 00 1 00 1 00 0 00 row do 1 00 1 00 0 00 0 00 nlines Returns number of Lines Syntax nlines string Description This function returns the number of lines contained in the string string nrows Number of Rows Syntax nrows a or a nrows Description Returns the number of rows in the input array Example The following demonstrates the process ready 0 255 1 10356 create 10357x256 matrix ready nrows a 10356 ready a nrows this command is equivalent 10356 B 124eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual O ones Initialize an Array to all ones Syntax ones n m Description Create an array of the specified dimensions with all elements set equal to 1 Example The following MSHELL statement will create a 512 x 512 array with all entries set to 1 ready a ones 512 512 ready a 300 0 4 print first 5 elements in row 301 row 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 openf Open a file for Formatted I O Syntax openf unit fname mode Description This function is used to open a disk file for formatted input or output The unit number can be any positive integer value The sel
133. on Returns the absolute value of each element in the array Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the absolute values for each element of a ready aclin2553 4 stores these values on variable a ready abs row 0 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 acos Inverse Cosine Syntax acos a or a acosor Description Returns the inverse cosine of each array element The output is in radians The actual mathematical expression computed is given by acos a for all j where j and i are row and column indices respectively Example The following MSHELL statement will compute the inverse cosine of a and store the result in c ready c acos a addmenuitem Adds a User Defined Menu Item Syntax addmenuitem myscript msh Description Use this command to add the capability of invoking user defined script files from within the graphical user interface where myscript msh is a valid script file Example The following line will add the mdemo msh file to the menu item list under User ready addmenuitem mdemo msh all Allows for all Variables to be included Syntax free all Description Use this command to access all variables at one time It can be used with show all to free all variables or with free all to free all variables Example The following line will free all variables from memory ready free all aoi Active Region of Interest Syntax image aoi Descript
134. on ID if any These numbers come directly from call to NetCDF library function nc_inq_var The text portion of the return variable will contain a list of the variable names from the file separated by newlines Example The following demonstrates the process The example NetCDF file has 3 dimensions 4 variables no global attributes and no variables with an unlimited dimension ready netcdfinfo ncinq temp nc ready netcdfinfo 3 00 4 00 0 00 1 00 ready netcdfinfo text Longitude Latitude Depth Temperature ncinqvar NetCDF Variable Inquiry Syntax ncinqvar fname varname Description Returns the size and shape of variable varname within NetCDF file fname ina 1xN array where N is the number of dimensions of the requested variable The format of the array is Size of dimensionfl Size of dimension 2 Size of dimension 3 Size of dimension N The text portion of the return variable will contain a list of the N dimension names the variable makes use of Example The following demonstrates the process ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 121 ready varinfo ncinqvar temp nc Temperature ready varinfo 10 0 X row 0 34 00 51 00 51 00 ready varinfo text Depth Latitude Longitude ncnew Create new NetCDF file Syntax ncnew fname dims varinfo varname Description Creates a new NetCDF file Parameter fname is the filename to use The param
135. ons ProView User s Manual MSHELL Interpreter Language 61 Appendix A Function Tree By Category Of ProVIEW s MSHELL Interpreter Introduction With over 140 internal functions and over 100 external functions ProVIEW is an extremely powerful and flexible environment in which to perform signal and image processing This appendix in conjunction with Appendix B and the HTML based external function list is your guide and quick reference to these functions While this appendix lists the categories by which ProVIEW s functions are organized it also contains information as to the listings of the internal and external functions within these categories The internal functions contained within the categories are marked by the asterisks below in the list The external function list can be seen by linking to the For detailed descriptions and examples of the internal functions see Appendix B The detailed descriptions and realtime examples of the external functions can be seen at the above mentioned web address Categories of ProVIEW s MSHELL Functions The over 140 internal functions currently supported by ProVIEW s MSHELL interpreter are divided into the following categories marked with an The external functions are also divided among this list they can be seen online via the above link The following represents the master tree whereby all functions both internal and external are categorized Animation Demo
136. or from a script file use this command to enable the display of any image variable i e myimage that already exits in memory view Enables Screen Display of an Image Syntax view myimage Description From the command line or from a script file use this command to enable the display of any image variable i e myimage that already exits in memory view4d Amplitude Enhanced Image Syntax view4d image 0 z rot tilt nout ns Description Use this command to amplitude enhance any image with z values with a rotation of rot a tilt of tilt and with number of rows and columns of nout Also one can specify the sampling accuracy using the parameter ns from 1 8 where 1 is most accurate and 8 is the least Example Within the view4d entry in the script file below the uvvis750 flt file corresponds to the lower image in the top image this file has been altitude enhanced with topography image luntopo 4 Clementine Global Lamar image Combined Wilh Derived Altimetry Lata B 160 eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual THE CLSHTI H3 umtopo flz float i uyi i reada urve A chr ehar umvig ES dacimate urvig 753 7 7 Bkifrciluxtopo 3 3805 dantepo mcalaczh5 luntrze view Luztapa Mood miswid uv i eI d utp di 13 Ts BO 2B riswflagr iHD BOON oom 10 HDOH nol shifte
137. ore uniform distribution of intensity values The actual intensity mapping utilized has the following mathematical representation k hyplut k I in min P j hist255 a a nrows a ncols ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 103 1 iboxlist Input Box List Syntax iboxlist b Description This is used to create an input box on the screen with a list of vaious options It allows one to modify various options in a table Example The following MSHELL statement will create a 4x4 identity array in memory Stitle System Variables Editor Silist Sitem M_cwd Sitemdesc Sets the current working directory r n _ c directory Sitemval M_cwd list add2list S ilist item itemdesc Sitemval Si list list text list iboxlist title 40 Silist idct8x8 Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 8x8 Syntax idct8x8 b Description Used to perform the inverse discrete cosine transform on an array b which is the DCT of a previous function The resultant will be identical to the original array previous to the creation of b except for small errors resulting from computer roundoff errors ident Generate an Identity Array Syntax ident n Description Create an N x N array in memory in which the main diagonal eleements are set to value 1 and all off diagonal elements are set to zero Example The following MSHELL sta
138. other array The above statement will raise the elements in array a to the power specified by the elements in array b where a and b have the same dimensions For a and b input arrays we have the following If a and b have the same dimension the actual operation is implemented as b ji m Cj 7j for all j i If b is a scalar i e a 1 x 1 array and a is not the operation is implemented as b Ca 09 ji ji for all j i If a is a scalar i e a 1x1 array and b is not the operation is implemented as bj E c a forallj i ji 0 0 where j and i are row and column indices respectively Note that in each case the result c is an array only in the case of both a and b scalars will c be a scalar Example B 78eAppendix Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready x 1 3 4 4 5 creates 2 by 2 matrix ready x print tx row 0 1 00 3 00 row 1 4 00 5 00 ready 2 raise 2 to x row 0 2 00 8 00 row 1 16 00 32 00 ready x 0 5 raises x to 0 5 row 0 1 00 1 73 row 1 2 00 2 24 ready raises corresponding elements row 0 1 00 27 00 row 1 256 00 ready M_format 00000 00 ready row 0 1 00 27 00 row 1 256 00 3125 00 Matrix Transpose Syntax a Description The operator symbol is used to generate the tran
139. ow 1 18 00 row 2 15 00 ready ready sumcum x example of sumcum x row 0 2 00 6 00 8 00 row 1 1 00 8 00 18 00 row 2 5 00 10 00 15 00 ready sumr x example of sumr x row 0 8 00 16 00 17 00 ready randu 3 3 10 generate a 3 x 3 array of random nint x integers in the range of 1 to 10 svd Singular Value Decomposition Syntax svd A U D V Description Computes the singular value decomposition of an input matrix The routine used for this computation is derived from Numerical Recipes in see page 3 References and Further Readings This routine takes the input matrix A and returns U D and V which contain the singular value decomposition of A The following equalities will hold U U 1 V V 1 U D V Note that all the input variables must exist before calling this function Example Performs the operation and then checks the result ready a randu 2 2 create a 2 x 2 random array ready a row 0 0 23 0 36 row 1 0 16 0 55 ready u 0 d 0 v 0 initialize u d v prior to svd call ready svd a u d v call svd function ready u d v test output row 0 0 23 0 36 row 1 0 16 0 55 system Issues Operating System Command Syntax system string Description This function allows you to issue an operating system command It invokes the operating system command processor to execute an operating system command batch file
140. plex data array containing the vertices at which the input image is to be bi linearly interpolated Specifically the real part of Z contains the fractional column positions and the imaginary part contains the fractional row positions at which the input image is to be interpolated Note that for every point that extrapolation is attempted the result is set to zero Example The following example generates a simple test pattern image over a 4x4 grid The image is then bilinearly interpolated at the row coordinate 2 2 and column coordinate 1 2 B 84eA ppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready f hammiw 4 4 test image ready f row 0 0 01 0 04 0 08 0 04 row 1 0 04 0 29 0 54 0 29 row 2 0 08 0 54 1 00 0 54 row 3 0 04 0 29 0 54 0 29 ready x complex 2 2 1 2 ready blinterp f x 0 573856 bresen Compute Line Segment Points Syntax bresen z or z bresen Description Given the coordinates of two or more end points in the plane this function computes the points along the line segment between the points using the Bressenham s Line Drawing Algorithm This function is particularly useful to define a region of interest make out of line segments The argument Z is a complex row data vector in which the nearest integer of the real part of z is used as the column positions and the nearest integer of the complex part of z as the row positions Example The following uses bresen to compute the
141. ppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 165 xcorr Cross Correlation Syntax xcorr a b Description Perform the cross correlation between two input arrays There are no specific restrictions on the two input arrays they can be either real or complex and one or two dimensional If has dimensions N x M and b has dimensions P x Q the resulting ARRAY will have dimensions N P 1 M Q 1 The implementation used in xcorr is computationally efficient for small arrays For large array sizes an FFT implementation should be considered See Also xcorrt Example Example with xcorrt xcorrfft Cross Correlation of two FFT s Syntax xcorrfft FFT1 FFT2 Description This is used to find the cross corrleation between two computed FFT s of certain previous arrays This command is especially advantageous where a cross correlation of two large arrays would be processor comsumptive therefore an FFT being much smaller would be much faster to compare xcorrt Truncated Cross Correlation Syntax xcorrt a b Description This function is similar to xcorr except that it only evaluates the cross correlation in the range of the second array This function xcorrt truncates the cross correlation results by only evaluating the cross correlation over the range of b Note that is assumed to have odd dimensions Example The following illustrates t
142. presented on the following pages Filtering blackw hammiw Freq_Ops DCT dct2 dct8x8 idct2 idct8x8 FFT fft ifft ifft2 Spatial_Ops Blackman Harris window Hamming window computes the 2D DCT of each 8x8 block of an image computes the DCT of each 8x8 block of an image computes the inverse 2D DCT of a previous 2D DCT computes the inverse DCT of a previous DCT one dimensional Fourier transform two dimensional Fourier transform inverse one dimensional Fourier transform inverse two dimensional Fourier transform Correlation_Ops convol convolt spatf xcorr xcorrfft xcorrt convolutes an array with a kernel truncated convolution general spatial filter module compute cross correlation between two arrays computes the cross correlation between FFT s truncated cross correlation between arrays Local_ Statistics covm gauss hist hist255 qgauss qgaussinv randg randinit randu covariance matrix estimation compute the Gaussian density function histogram of array elements histogram of array elements 255 levels area under Gaussian density function inverse of qgauss gaussian random number generator initialize random number generator uniform random number generator Morphological skeleton a binary conversion filter Resampling Interpolation blinterp bilinear interpolation linterp linear interpolation zinterp zero order interpolation Geo_Xform cmirror rmirror shiftc shiftt
143. ption ProVIEW provides the built in function SatVIEW as a method of computing spacecraft image geometry using the SPICE Spacecraft Planet Instrument Camera Events formats developed by the Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility NAIF at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SatVIEW called from the command shell within ProVIEW requires a timestamp instrument name ID and exposure duration to return an array of observation geometry parameters Calling Syntax y SatVIEW Sepoch camera centralbody exposure INPUT epoch Start time of image Example 27FEB94 20 12 34 513 camera Camera for which the values will be computed centralbody Body for which all SUB SPACECRAFT values are computed exposure Time in seconds of the exposure duration for the sensor OUTPUT Row vector with 59 entries containing image geometry values computed by SatVIEW The indices of the returned array correspond to the list given in Tablel on the next page If ProVIEW was installed in the c drive SatVIEW will look for a SPICE kernel definition file in c proview satview satview ini an example is illustrated below LDPOOL Text file containing other planetary constants kernell c proview satview pck00003 tpc Leapsecond Kernel File kernel2 c proview satview naif0004 tls Clementine HIRES Instrument kernel kernel3 c proview satview hires007 ti Clementine UV Visible Instrument kernel kernel4 c proview satview uvvi
144. quivalent ufun varname varname ufun For example if x is an array variable the following two lines are equivalent y cos mean x y cos x mean The notation in the second line allows us to look at the mean value as an attribute of x Comments Statements enclosed between and are ignored by the interpreter This is used to place comments in a script file or to prevent the execution of the line or lines between the comment delimiters For example a valid group of statements that make use of comment delimiters is MSHELL Interpreter Language 41 Compute the magnitude of the FFT on image x abs fft2 x The delimiter can be used to create single line comments in a script file e g x fft2 x note compute the 2D FFT of x Operator Precedence The following operator symbols are defined within ProVIEW Most of them are used in algebraic operations The precedence of operators increases as we move down the list with operators within the same line having the same precedence assignment operator row augmentation or string concatenation column augmentation array addition and subtraction multiplication and division elemental a b a to the power of b unary minus e g x 7 transpose operator e g x f an internal function e g cos Hence in the expression atb x the multiplication is performed prior to the addition Proper use of The user can u
145. r when doing disk i o See Also openf on page 125 cmirror Mirrors an Image Column Wise Syntax cmirror a or a cmirror Description Mirrors the columns of the input array or image a See Also Example The following illustrates the operation on the array aa ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 87 ready aa sy eee Ge eo ready aa row 0 1 00 2 3 00 row 1 4 00 55 6 00 row 2 7 00 8 00 9 00 ready cmirror aa print mirror array of aa row 0 3 00 2 1 00 row 1 6 00 5 4 00 2 9 00 8 7 00 Syntax Description Syntax Description colplot Plots a Row from an Array colplot array column Used to plot a particular column from an array cmplxoverlap Adds a User Defined Menu Item addmenuitem myscript msh Use this command to add the capability of invoking user defined script files from within the graphical user interface where myscript msh is a valid script file Example User ready addmenuitem The following line will add the mdemo msh file to the menu item list under mdemo msh Syntax Description complex Creates a Complex Array complex x y Given x and y as real arrays with equal dimension this function constructs an array z of the form z x iy where i sqrt 1 Example The following is a simple application of the function ready complex 0
146. ready x randu 2 2 ready x row 0 0 01 0 22 row 1 0 12 0 38 ready y randu 2 2 ready y row 0 0 48 0 02 row 0 56 0 78 ready maxof x y row 0 0 48 0 22 row 0 56 0 73 maxr Row Maximum Syntax maxr a Description Computes the maximum for each row of array a and strores these values as a column vector mbox Text Box Syntax mbox string Description Prints to string to a dialog box on the screen mean Mean of Array Elements Syntax mean a or a mean Description This module computes the mean of all the elements in the input array The formula used to compute the mean is 1 1 1 cry for all j i i 0 T L ll where j and i are row and column indices respectively Example The following demonstrates the application ready a randu 2 100 create a matrix of ran num ready mean 0 503304 median Compute Median Value Syntax median a Description Compute the median value of all the elements in the input array The output is a scalar i e a 1x1 array Example The following demonstrates the process ready a randu 2 100 ready median 0 502454 ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 117 medianr Row Wise Median Syntax medianr a or a medianr Description Compute the median value along each row of the input array The output is a column vector with the number of elements equal to the number of rows in the input array
147. roi groil groi2 Description This is used to add two local generalized regions of interest together leclipto Lower or Equal Clip to Syntax leclipto a tval newval Description Set all the values in the input array a that are less than or equal to a selected threshold value tval to a new desired value newval Example The following illustrates the operation ready a randu 1 7 ready a row 0 0 43 0 43 0 57 0 09 0 78 0 56 0 74 ready leclipto a 50 1 row 0 1 00 1 00 0457 1 00 0 78 0 56 0 74 leindex Lower or Equal Index Syntax leindex a b Description Similar to eqindex but returns an index to all elements in a lower than or equal to b Example Using the array a previously defined in leclipto ready a randu 1 7 ready leindex a 5 row 0 0 00 0 00i 1 00 0 00i 3 00 0 00i linterp Linear Interpolation Syntax linterp f x Description Linearly interpolates between data points located on a one dimensional grid The function argument f is a 1 dimensional row vector with an assumed interpixel distance of 1 along the axis i e the element values of f can be considered the ordinate values for some function over a set of increasing or decreasing abscissa values The argument x is a real 1 Dimensional row vector containing values of the abscissa for which ordinate values are to be linearly interpolated For every point
148. row 1 0 79 0 19 0 39 0 33 0 71 0 67 ready rindex a 4 5 3 0i rmirror Row Mirror Syntax rmirror a or a rmirror Description This function yields the mirror image of the input array over its rows e g the last row will become the first row ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 135 See Also cmirror Example Creates array a and then does the row reflection ready a randu 3 3 ready a row 0 0 96 0 42 0 93 row 1 0 17 0 31 0 90 row 2 0 75 0 58 0 65 ready rmirror a row 0 0 75 0 58 0 65 row 1 0 17 0 31 0 90 row 2 0 96 0 42 0 93 rowplot Plots a Row from Array Syntax rowplot array row Description Used to plot a particular row from an array B 136eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual string String Access Control Syntax string Description This is used to extract a particular area of text out of a large string The first identifies the line range and the second determines the column range within the string Example ready string This is an example of string extraction nFirst one may create a ready string This is an example of string extraction First one may create a string and then vill later pick a region to extract ready string 1 12 18 gt example ay crea ready _ SatVIEW Geometry Info for Satellite Images Syntax SatVIEW Sepoch camera centralbody exposure Descri
149. s end points of a line xpolyc extracts coordinate points of a polygon xpolyv extracts vertices of a polygon Groi_Logical regionand defines a roi which is the common area of two roi s Interactive_Selection inputfocus puts focus to a specific variable for interactive selection setroi allows for interactive selection of an roi using the mouse varname returns the variable name of a variable Overlapping_Regions cmplxoverlap finds the overlapping locations within another roi Satellite_Image_Mapping SatVIEW computes spacecraft image geometry for the corners Sat VIEWpix computes spacecraft image geometry for listed points Statistics mean mean of array elements median median of array elements medianr median along the row of array elements momentr moment computations along rows B 70 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual String_Ops System rcoeff stats var Sorting bthresh eqindex geclipto geindex gtclipto gtindex index leclipto leindex Itclipto Ithresh Itindex max maxmin maxof maxr min minof minr rindex sortr string str 4 Ph eqindexS float2str getline getpos int2str itoa nlines smodify str2float str2int strlow2up strup2low addmenuitem all evaltext exit fileinfo filesize findfiles free getenv help M_ command mbox menusel meter show system vartype correlation coefficient between two arrays computes basic statistics
150. s a string which is the uupercase of the input outputs a string which is the lowercase of the input used to add a user defined menu to the menu bar used with free and show for all variables used to evaluate a string for functionality exit the ProVIEW interpreter returns detailed file information returns the size of a file in bytes used to find a particular file or group of files erase an array from memory returns desired environment variable value used to call the ProVIEW help directory System Variables brings a dialog box onto the screen with the specified text used to select a menu item within an iboxlist used to show percent of completion within a loop display variables information calls a DOS shell from within ProVIEW returns the type of the chosen variable ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 71 Trigonometric Functions acos arccosine of array elements asin arcsine of array elements atan r arctangent of array elements atan2 x y arctangent of value preserving quadrant specifics cos cosine of array elements cosh hyperbolic cosine of array elements sin sine of array elements sinh hyperbolic sine of array elements tan tangent of array elements tanh hyperbolic tangent of array elements Useful a b d generate a 1 d or 2 d ramp decimate decimate an array geo geometric series ident generate a square identity array ones generate an array of all ones sinc compu
151. s insert the ProVIEW disk labled 1 in the 3 5 inch floppy disk drive a or b as applicable or place the CDROM in its drive depending upon source of installation e From the Program Manager select File and then Run You can also do this from the File Manager by double clicking on the previously mentioned file e When the dialog box appears type in a install and select OK or b install if applicable e Follow the instructions on the screen Once the installation is completed you will find the following new directories e g if installed in c V on your hard drive c ProVIEW c ProVIEW Bin c ProVIEW Images c ProVIEW Scripts c ProVIEW User c ProVIEW Temp c ProVIEW Wdb In addition you will find that a ProVIEW program group has been created in Programs Start Menu After this has been completed you are now ready to start ProVIEW Technical Support For Technical Support with ProVIEW please contact Applied Coherent Technology Corporation ACT Phone 703 742 0294 Fax 703 742 0358 Between 9 00 AM to 6 00 PM EST or internet http www actgate com ProView User s Manual Installation 11 Starting ProVIEW Start Procedure Once installed ProVIEW can be started by double clicking on the ProVIEW icon a located in the ProVIEW Program manager group Once ProVIEW is loaded in memory the ProVIEW prompt ready will appear in the Command Line Window indicating that the command line interpret
152. s the shiftc and shiftt functions ready int randu 3 3 10 generate a 3 x 3 array of random ready x integers between 1 and 10 10 0 X row 0 3 00 1 00 2 00 row 1 9 00 3 00 1 00 row 2 2 00 5 00 8 00 ready shiftc x 1 0 cyclic shift one row down 10 0 X row 0 2 00 5 00 8 00 row 1 3 00 1 00 2 00 row 2 9 00 3 00 1 00 ready shiftt x 0 1 translation one column right 10 0 X row 0 0 00 3 00 1 00 row 1 0 00 9 00 3 00 row 2 0 00 2 00 5 00 show Display Variables Information Syntax show variable or list of variables Description Display basic parameters of a list of arrays or of all arrays in memory Also have show all Note that this command can not be used within an expression Example Generate some variables and then invoke show ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 145 ready ramp 0 255 1 256 ready a randg 3 100 1 name Carlos ready x 5 00 ready show all a pU US 100 real defined at level 0 x T 1 1 defined at level 0 ramp 256 256 real defined at level 0 name LO b 6 string ready show a shta m data type is real number of rows 3 number of columns 100 maximum value 2 75168 minimum value 2 92469 shp2contour Shapefile to Contour Image Syntax shp2contour filename bbox size recn Description This function generates an image containing a view of the shapefile for a given region
153. s007 ti Clementine Near InfraRed Instrument kernel 15 proview satview nir007 ti Clementine Long Wave InfraRed Instrument kernel kernel6 c proview satview lwir007 ti Clementine Star Tracker A Instrument kernel ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 137 kernel7 c proview satview astar005 ti Clementine Star Tracker B Instrument kernel kernel8 c proview satview bstar005 ti SC SCLK Kernel kernel9 c proview satview dspse002 tsc SPKLEF Clementine Binary SP Kernel spacecraft ephemeris 11 proview satview clemdef0 bsp Binary SP Kernel of Planetary Ephemeris kernel2 c proview satview de245 bsp CKLPF Clementine Binary C Kernel spacecraft pointing info kernell c proview satview clemdef1 bck PCKLOF Lunar Binary PC Kernel Euler angles of moon Mean Earth Frame kernell c proview satview melib245 Return continue Vector Description 00 30 RIGHT_ASCE SMEAR_LEN NSION GTH 01 31 DECLINATIO SMEAR_AZI N MUTH 02 RAI 32 NORTH_AZI MUTH 03 33 SUB_SPACEC RAFT_LATIT UDE 04 RA2 34 SUB_SPACEC RAFT_LONGI TUDE 05 DEC2 35 SPACECRAFT _ALTITUDE 06 RA3 36 SUB_SPACEC RAFT_AZIMU TH 07 DEC3 37 X_SC 08 RA4 38 Y_SC 09 DEC4 39 Z_SC 10 X_TARGET 40 VX_SC 11 Y_TARGET 41 VY_SC 12 Z_TARGET 42 VZ_SC 13 43 SPACECRAFT B 138eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual
154. screen coordinates of the points joining 5 vertices ready x 0 4 1 ready x 2 generate points on a parabola ready xy complex x y gen vert on the complex plane ready bresen xy ready image zeros 30 30 create an array of zeroes ready image bresen xy 255 overlay computed line ready view image display the array bthresh Binary Threshold Syntax bthresh a tval Description Given an input array a and a threshold value tval this function returns a clipped version of the input array That is every element in the input array less than the real threshold value is set to zero and every element greater or equal than the threshold value is set to 1 Example The following illustrates the use of bthresh ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 85 ready ready row 0 0 00 row 1 B 86eAppendix B Internal Functions dis 1 00 00 00 00 0 5 1 4 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 bthresh z 3 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ProVIEW User s Manual us callDLL Calls a DLL for execution Syntax calIDLL dllname function returned_paramters Description This function is used to call a DLL for execution It must h
155. se parenthesis to force grouping of terms and override the operator parenthesis can result in precedence The use of parenthesis for grouping can result in faster code execution a significantly faster For example consider the following two expressions execution X a b c x a c b if a and b are scalars and c is a large 2 dimensional or Idimensional array the grouping a b c executes significantly faster since it involves fewer operations Region of Interest Manipulation ProVIEW supports two types of regions of interest rectangular regions of interest ROI and non connected regions of interest also called generalized regions of interest GROI ROIs provide a simple way to refer and access rectangular regions within an image while GROIs provide a simple way to refer to a list of pixels in an image as an entity ROI A rectangular region of interest can be constructed in the following ways 42 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide ProView User s Manual e Using the window definition function e g roi wdef row0 col0 nrows ncols e Interactively using the mouse This option is selected using the IMAGEISET ROI menu option If the ROI is a valid region of interest it can be used as an argument of a ProVIEW variable Regions of interest can be specified in any of the following operations e Assignments x wmove roi 25 40 x roi e Within expressions x roi y roi z roi q roi
156. ser Interface Array s Figure 4 Dialog Box to Select Image Variable for Display Image Header This option enables or disables the display of any text associated with the image in the active window Figure 5 shows this option enabled Note that the Header Window is fully contained in the Image Window BImagelT ext This option enables you to make annotations to the image in the active window in a nondestructive manner the actual image data is not modified Figure 5 shows this option s popup window Text Text o dg Orientation Horizontal mj Overlay gt Mertical Figure 5 This screen illustrates the ImagelHeader and Image Text menu options 35 ImagelProfile This menu options allows you to extract a profile of intensity values between any two points in the image with the input focus The extracted values are then automatically plotted in a new plot window To select a new profile from the active image 111 Select the ImagelProfile menu 211 Take the cursor back to the image and place it at the desired starting point 30 Press the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the desired end point and 4i Release the left mouse button While the extraction of the profile of intensity values is in progress the length of the line in pixels or user defined units between the two selected points is shown in the status bar at the bottom of ProVIEW s main window
157. sion The control expression can include relational equality and logical expressions Relational logical and equality operators all have the same precedence Hence parenthesis should be used to obtain the desired groupings For example in the following statement there is no ambiguity due to the use of parenthesis if 1224 8 amp amp p 3 Relational Operators The expression syntax when using a relational operator is 44 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide expression rel op expression2 where the relational operators are less than gt greater than lt less or equal to gt greater or equal to Equality Operators The expression syntax when using an equality operator is expressionl equality op expression2 where the equality operators are test for equality iz test for inequality Logical Operators The expression syntax when using a logical operator is expression logical op expression2 where the logical operators are amp amp logical and logical or Control Expression with Strings The following are the valid comparisons that can be done with strings s1 s2 s1 s2 s1 lt s2 s1 gt s2 Remember that these type of comparisons are only meaningfull if used within the control expression in a while or if statement For example the following code performs a test on the string a and displays itself as an image depending on the result of the test
158. skip Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 93 ready b decimate a 4 4 DDETerm Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip columnskip Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement ready b decimate a 4 4 decimate Signal Decimation Syntax decimate a rowskip columnskip Description Extracts a sub sampled version of the input signal where a is the input array rowskip and columnskip are the number of rows and columns respectively to be skipped in each direction Example A 512 x 512 input image a can be decimated to a 128 x 128 image b using the following MSHELL statement ready b decimate a 4 4 dworld draws world contours Syntax dworld latmin latmax longmin longmax rowdim coldim Description G
159. spose of an array Mathematically this operation is implemented as Crow i col j a for all j 1 row j col i where j and i are row and column indices respectively in a Example These MSHELL statements assigns the transpose of a to c ready data 3 3 generate a 3x3 random array ready data print data row 0 0 18 0 10 1 36 row 0 61 0 57 1 23 row 2 1 10 1 55 0 58 ready data transpose of data row 0 0 18 0 61 e Re row 0 10 0 57 1 55 row 2 36 1 23 0 58 x Concatenate Arrays or Strings Syntax Description Given two arrays with the same number of rows this operation will append the corresponding rows of one array to the other array Likewise given two strings which can be considered one row arrays or row vectors this operation will append the two strings Example For the arrays a and b the following MSHELL statement will append the rows of a to the rows of b and store the result in c ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 79 ready c a b The number of columns in c is equal the sum of the number of columns in a and b The following MSHELL commands will assign to the variable y the concatenation of two arrays ready x 1 2 creates a row vector ready y x x concatenates 2 vectors ready x row 0 1 00 2 00 rea
160. statements if expression statements MSHELL Interpreter Language 43 Always use parenthesis when using relational logical or equality operators Do not assume a specific precedence else statements The if statement causes execution of its compound statements if and only if the relation in the expression results in a non zero value The if else has two groups of compound statements If the relation in the expression returns a non zero value the first group of statements is executed otherwise the second group of statements is executed An early exit from an if block can be performed using the ifbreak statement While Statement while expression statements The while statement causes repeated execution of its statements as long as the expression results in a non zero value The relation is tested before each execution of its range and if the relations is false control passes to the next statement beyond the range of the while statement The traditional for statement used in the C language i e for expression relation expression2 statements can be constructed using the while statement as expression while relation statements expression2 An early exit from a while loop can be performed using the wbreak statement Control Expression with Numeric Values The statements in an if or while block are executed depending on the value returned by the control expres
161. strow lastrow nnchar colvec cntvec text The text portion of the control vector contains the delimiter to use for ascii reading Note that the non numeric charecter flag value nnchar is assigned to any array entry encountered in the read process that does not contain an ascii numeric data The syntax for this format is then on reada test asc asciiflex cntvec Example Reading a portion of the test asc file ready cntvec 1 1 999 0 2 read rows 1 to end columns 0 and 2 ready cntvec text ready data reada test asc asciiflex cntvec ready data 10 0 X row 0 3 00 2 00 row 1 1 00 22 00 row 2 2 00 999 00 row 3 0 00 3 00 row 4 999 00 999 00 Note that in the above example only the numeric data was extracted from the array entries of column 2 in those cases rows 3 and 5 that contained non numeric data the designated nnchar value has bee assigned This flexability in extraction of numeric information from ascii text commented data arrays is a very powerful processing tool bmp The bmp format is the windows Bit Map Format BMP This format can be used for both the reading and writing of images Example Reading a file in bmp format ready x reada mandel bmp bmp PDS The PDS format used is the implementation of the Planetary Data System Format adopted by the Clementine mission Example Reading a file in PDS format ready
162. t of this function can be set to a resultant string also Example This replaces the F in Fun with a G to form Gun ready smodify Fun F G xeplaces F with G Gun sortr Row Wise Sorting Syntax sortr a or a sortr ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 151 Description Returns a sorted version on a row basis of the input array The sorting algorithm utilized is Heapsort The sorting is performed from small number to large number Example Create an array and then perform a row wise sort of the array ready a randu 2 7 create random 2x7 matrix ready a row 0 0 41 0 72 0 63 0 39 0 62 0 50 0 98 row 1 0 79 0 17 0 01 0 20 0 42 0 10 0 28 ready sortr a example of sort row 0 0 39 0 41 0 50 0 62 0 63 0 72 0 98 row 1 0 01 0 10 0 17 0 20 0 28 0 42 0 79 spatf Spatial Filter Syntax spatf a n m function Description Applies a user selected or user defined spatial filter to the input array The filter is implemented over a moving window through out the whole input array The dimensions of the window are N x M The window must be able to fit within the dimensions of a otherwise an error message will be generated The final argument function is the name of a single argument internal MSHELL function which returns a scalar value e g var mean max min Example This module provides significant flexibil
163. te the sinc function zeros generate an array of all zeroes Data_Formatting convtoi convert row vector to image convtov convert a 2 d array to a one dimensional one ncols return number of columns in an array nrows return number of rows in an array scale255 scale input to fit in the range of 0 255 zeropad add zeroes to an array Flow Control and Relational Operators test for inequality amp amp logical and logical or lt less than lt less than or equal to test for equality gt greater than gt greater than or equal to ifbreak exit if block immediately if else if else statement pause pause ProVIEW s execution while while statement Image Display Image Attributes text2image textoverlay textremove converts text to image form used to add a text annotation to an image used to remove a text annotation from an image Image Window Attributes m_dx m_dy m_interpflag m_viewflag m_viewheight m_viewhscroll m_viewlut m_viewmaxval m_viewminval m_viewvscroll m_viewwidth m_viewx0 m_viewy0 m_x0 m_xunit m_yunit wclose B 72eAppendix B Internal Functions used to define horizontal spacing between pixels used to define vertical spacing between pixels selects the type of interpolation to use on an array toggles whether an image is to be viewable or not defines the height of the display window defines the horizontal scroll position for a window defines the active look up table for an
164. tement will create a 4x4 identity array in memory ready ident 4 row 0 1 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 row 1 0 00 1 00 0 00 0 00 row 2 0 00 0 00 1 00 0 00 row 3 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 00 If If Conditional Syntax if expression Statements or if expression Statements B 104eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual felsef statements Description This condition is used to execute the statements if the expression is considered true ifft Inverse 1 D FFT Syntax ifft a or a ifft Description Compute the one dimensional inverse Fourier transform of the input array It is expected that the row dimension of the input array is a power of two Note that the_output of this operation is a complex array ifft2 Inverse 2 D FFT Syntax ifft2 a or a ifft2 Description Compute the two dimensional inverse Fourier transform of the input array It is expected that the dimensions of the input array are powers of two Note that the output of this operation is a complex array imag Imaginary Part Syntax imag a or a imag Description For a complex input array extract the imaginary part for each element in the array Example The following MSHELL statement will extract the imaginary part of the 2D Fourier Transform of a and store the result in c ready c imag fft2 a include Invoke an MSHELL Script File Syntax include fname Description A file with a sequence of MSH
165. tion gt lt column position gt lt intensity gt lt button value gt The lt button value gt is 1 for a left click or 2 for a right click Also if the selection is made outside of the image then the first three values are all 1 plot Plot a Vector Syntax plot y or plot x y Description Plots a row vector The parameter amp in the plot function is an optional integer 0 to 255 that selects the plot screen where the plot will be placed If an integer number from 0 to 255 is provided in this field the generated plot can be indexed from then on by that number For example if x is a row vector then plot10 x will plot the vector on plot screen number 10 If you would like to free that screen later on you can type free plot10 Note that the plot function can have either one or two arguments Single Argument Case When one argument is used in the plot function as in plot y the row vector y will be plotted against an internally generated ramp of integer values If y is complex vector then the real part of y will be used as the abscissa and the imaginary part of y as the ordinate Two Argument Case When two arguments are used with the plot function as in plot x y the first argument x corresponds to the abscissa values and the second argument y corresponds to the ordinate values i e a plot of versus x will result Hence for the case that y is complex plot y
166. to many of the statistical functions STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS Figure 17 Statistical Functions Dialog Box FunctionslIRandom Numbers This menu option provides an interface to the random number generator ProVIEW User s Guide RANDOM NUMBERS Figure 18 Random Generator Dialog Box Functions Ranking This menu option provides an interface to the many ranking sorting functions Mace NEP Figure 19 Ranking Functions Dialog Box Operators Operators Matrix This menu item is used for the manipulation and operation of matrices MATRIX OPERATORS Figure 20 Ranking Functions Dialog Box Operators Transforms This menu item is used for the operation of various transforms on data ProView User s Manual Graphical User Interface 31 THANSF JH s GP ERA TORRES Figure 21 Transform Operators Dialog Box Operators Filtering This menu item is used for the various filtering of data sets ALTER OPERATORS hiackwin 1 s emel Fh tH Viren apad 1 s Figure 22 Filtering Operators Dialog Box Window Help 32 Graphical User Interface This menu allows the user to select from any of the following options Tile Cascade Arrange Icons and Close All These menu options permits the control of the layout of the different windows open within the ProVIEW environment HelplContent This option will bring up ProVIEW s on line help s
167. u can use the scroll bars that are part of the image window to slide the image horizontally or vertically or use the cursor to travel over the image Notice that as you move the cursor over the image it s row position column position and corresponding pixel value are tracked in the status bar at the bottom left of ProVIEW s Main Window Script File Window In a Script File Window you can create edit or display a text file of MSHELL commands The easy to use built in editor supports the standard Cut Paste Search and Replace operations found in most windows applications Executing a Script File From the Graphical User Interface To execute the script file located in a Script File Window 1 Make the Script File Window the active window then 2 Select FilelRun from the menu or click on the Run tool bar icon RUNICON 2 To execute a portion of the script file in a Script File Window 1 Make the Script File Window the active window then 2 Highlight the desired portion of the text using the mouse by moving the cursor to the point where you want to start and while pressing the left mouse button move the cursor to highlight the selected area and then release the left mouse button then 3 Select FilelRun from the menu or click on the Run tool bar icon ProView User s Manual Graphical User Interface 17 Plot Windows Menu Commands File 18 Graphical User Interface The major types of plot windows in ProVIEW include 2D 3D
168. ue Apr 25 12 04 35 1995 B 114 eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual System Related Variables M cwd Sets the current working directory For example to set c mydir as the current working directory type c mydir M path The path string assigned to this variable will be searched when trying to open an input file For example to set M path to the directorys c mshell bin amp c mshell msf type M path c mshell bin c mshell msf M wdb This show the location of the world database M windir This is the windows root directory M wwwroot This is the root www directory which is used for ProVIEW Web M echo This toggles the display of executed commands within a script file M echo 1 causes all commands to be displayed as they are performed M echo 0 turns the display of the commands off again Math Related M matherrflag Selects the manner in which math errors or exceptions are reported and handled If M matherrflag 0 no errors are reported If M matherrflag 1 mathematical exceptions are reported and script file execution halted until you acknowledge by clicking in a popup window If M matherrflag is set equal to 2 mathematical exceptions are reported and script file execution is halted m Array Window Operators Syntax m xxxx a See include system files in this section for imgedit msh which allows the user to change all image attributes at one time from a table Also un
169. uide Appendix B Internal Functions B 119 Example The MSHELL statements on the following page will compute the second moment of each row of the array a and assign the values to b ready a randu 100 5 ready b momentr 2 ready show a po data type is real number of rows 100 number of columns 5 maximum value 0 995382 minimum value 0 00161857 ready show b al ak pee b data type is real number of rows 1 number of columns 5 maximum value 7 25416 minimum value 5 92651 ready b 6 48 7 25 7 18 6 13 5 93 B 120eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual N ncaddvar NetCDF Add Variable Syntax ncaddvar fname varname vardims Description Adds a new variable to an existing NetCDF file The variable must use existing dimensions from the NetCDF file and specify them in order in vardims Example The following demonstrates the process The example NetCDF file has 3 dimensions plane lat and lon ready status ncaddvar temp nc mydata plane nlat nlon n ready status ncaddvar temp nc planeinfo plane n ncinq NetCDF File Inquiry Syntax ncing fname Description Returns size and shape of NetCDF file fname in a 1x4 array and a list of the variable names in the file The format of the array is Number of dimensions Number of Variables Number of Global Attributes The Unlimited Dimensi
170. ult Description Prompts for input through a dialog box where all the input arguments are strings This function returns a string which can be convert to a number See Also str2int and str2float Example The following illustrates the instructions and the Dialog Box ready inputbox enter new value INPUT MENU 1 INPUT MENU enter new value Figure 4 B 108 Appendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual inputfocus Captures Array with Current Focus Syntax inputfocus Description Sets the defined variable equal to the variable whose window currently has focus int Integer part Syntax int a or a int Description Computes the integer part for each element in the input array a int2str Converts an Integer Array to a String Syntax int2str a Description Converts the input integer array to a string which uses a comma as a column delimiter and a carriage return as the row delimiter Example The following array will be converted to a string reaqy x 45 34 23 10 9 46 ready x int2str x ready x 45 34 23 10 9 46 invm Inverse of an Array Syntax invm a Description Computes the inverse of matrix a so that a multiplyed by its inverse equals the identity matrix itoa Integer to Ascii Syntax itoa x Description Converts the integer x to a string ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 109 ladd2groi Local Add to Groi Syntax ladd2g
171. uppercase strup2low Converts uppercase to lowercase Syntax strlow2up uppercase Description The output is a string whereby all uppercase characters have been changed to lowercase ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 153 sum Sum All Elements Syntax sum a or a sum Description Sum all the elements in the input array The output of this operation is a scalar i e a 1 x 1 array Example With example for sumr sumc Sum Column Vectors in an Array Syntax sumc a or a sumc Description For each row in the input array sum the values along the row The output is a column vector Example With example for sumr sumcum Row Wise Cumulative Sum Syntax sumcum a or a sumcm Description For each row in the input array compute the cumulative sum of values along the row The output will have the same dimensions as the input Example With example for sumr sumr Sum Row Vectors in an Array Syntax sumr a or a sumr Description For each column in the input array sum the values along the column The output is a row vector Example The following generates an array and then calculates sum sumc sumcum and sumr of that array B 154eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual ready x ready x row 0 2 00 4 00 2 00 row 1 1 00 7 00 10 00 row 2 5 00 5 00 5 00 ready sum x example of sum x 41 00 ready ready sumc x example of sumc x row 0 8 00 r
172. using the ImagelOpen menu item or reada syntax of ProVIEW MSHELL Interpreter Language 47 Example movie msh Using a script file a sequence of image files residing in disk can be read display and processed under the control of a script file In this example a list of file names of type bmp is assumed to exit This script file can be used as a building block for creating more complex movie like script files read input list of image files rm lst from hard disk list readtext images rm Ist print number of lines in input list nlines list initialize the variable out to zero and view it out 0 view out start a loop to load every image in rm lst for viewing the variable 1 will be used as the loop index 120 while i nlines list 1 infile z images list 1 infile out reada infile char 1 1 1 if at end of list reset 1 to start again This script file must be stopped using the ESC key or the STOP sign icon if i nlines list 1 120 48 MSHELL Interpreter Language ProVIEW User s Guide Importing and Exporting Data Importing Data into ProVIEW ProVIEW can read image or array data in a number of different output formats see FilelOpen Image File Format on page Exporting Data out of ProVIEW ProVIEW can write image or array data in a number of different output formats see FilelOpen Image File Format on page Data store
173. variance of array elements binary threshold of array elements index of elements with a specific value clip values above and including threshold index of array elements above a given value clip values above threshold index of array elements above a given value index of non zero elements in array reset values below and equal to threshold index elements less or equal to a given value reset values below threshold sets the values less than tresh to the thresh index elements lower than a given value maximum of array elements maximum and minimum of array elements element by element maximum returns the maximum for each row minimum of array elements element by element minimum returns the minimum for each row index all elements within a specified range sort array elements row wise used to define a string variable returns a subregion of a string included multi line comment single line comment used as a control character within strings line continuation returns the complex position of each occcurence convert a floating point number to a text string returns the line of of the desired text within a string returns the index of the desired text within a string convert an integer number to a text string convert an integer number to ascii text returns the number of lines contained within a string used to perform a search and replace within a string convert a number from ASCII to float convert a number from ASCII to integer output
174. wing array will be converted to a string reaqy x 45 54 34 71 23 16 10 08 9 13 46 82 ready x float2str ready x 45 54 34 71 23 16 10 08 9 13 46 82 floor Floor of Input Array Syntax floor a or a floor Description For each element in a compute the largest integer not greater than that element i e returns the Greatest Integer Value for each element of the array Example The following illustrates the function ready floor 3 3 4 5 row 0 3 0 4 0 fmod Floating Point Modulus Syntax fmod a b Description Compute the floating point modulus of every element in the input array Example The following illustrates the function ready a 4 6 1 create row vector ready fmod a 5 3 row 0 1 50 2 50 0 50 free Free Variable from Memory Syntax freeab c Description Used to erase a list of already defined variables from memory also have free all free plot plot plot The variable list can contain array variables or string variables To erase all variables from memory use free all As you delete image variables the total memory available will increase However the amount of memory increase may not correspond directly to the size of the object just released This is due to the fact that MSHELL can have two different variable names sharing the same array structure in memory as long as they have an identical content B 98eA ppendix B Internal Fu
175. x array or 0 If is 2 array for each row the first column contains the shapefile record id and the second column contains the value to use to fill in the corresponding polygon if it is a 1 array the column vector contains the shapefile ids to extract from the shapefile and if it is 0 then all the shapefile records are extracted The value used to fill in the polygons in the second and third case is determined by the content of the system variable M_plotcolor The returned image is a combination of the input image and the filled in polygons Example The following example illustrates the function gt ones 180 360 100 shp2fillimage d temp admin98 shp z 180 90 180 90 0 view c Background Image z Output image of shp2fillimage shp2image Shapefile to Image Syntax shp2image filename image bbox recn mode Description This function is useful when performing polygon fill of shapefile records of type 5 polygons filename is a string containing the name of the shapefile file image is an array variable used as input to the polygon fill routine it serves as a background image bbox is a 1x4 array containing the bounding box of the region of interest Xmin Ymin Xmax Ymax can be a Nx2 array a 1 array or 0 and mode is a value that ProVIEW User s Guide Appendix B Internal Functions B 147 determines the type of output generat
176. y distributed i i d random numbers between and 1 It returns a pointer to an x dimensioned array structure where n and m are respectively the number of rows and columns of uniformly distributed random numbers generated The uniform random number generator itself is an adaptation of RANI generator presented in Numerical Recipes in see page 3 References and Further Readings This is a portable generator given the same seed number it will generate the same random sequence on all machines which utilizes three linear congruential generators in producing output Example The following MSHELL expressions will add uniform noise with intensities between 0 and 10 to the array a and save the result in rcoeff Correlation Coefficient Syntax rcoeff a b Description Estimates the correlation coefficient between two arrays a and b with the same dimensions The correlation coefficient is a scalar Although the correlation coefficient is an internal function it could also be computed in terms of other MSHELL instructions as rcoeff a b mean a b a mean b mean sqrt a var b var B 130eAppendix B Internal Functions ProVIEW User s Manual reada Read Array or Image Syntax reada fname mode cntvec Description Reads an array or image from disk The mode string specifies the format of the data to be read from the disk If the wrong mode is used with a

ProVIEW User`s Guide - Applied Coherent Technology

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