Model 4045 - Amazon Web Services
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1. F1 TYPE Selects the waveform Sine Triangle Square or Noise If Noise function is selected a submenu is displayed to allow adding the noise to an available waveform or to generate it as a new noise waveform F2 FROM DATA Selects the starting point of the generated waveform and data value F3 LENG SCALE Selects the length of the predefined waveform number of points for a full wave Different waveforms have different limitations on the length as shown in Table 3 1 Table 3 1 Waveform Length Limits for Predefined Waveforms Wave Minimum length Divisible by Sine 16 4 Triangle 16 4 Square 2 2 19 Model 4045 Operating Manual Noise 16 1 F3 SCALE Selects the scale factor of the waveform 100 means that the waveform spans the full scale of 2047 to 2047 Scale factors are limited by the point data value of the starting point and automatically calculated by the unit F4 EXEC Prompts you to confirm whether to execute the selected predefined waveform Press NO to abort executing the predefined waveform press YES to execute the predefined waveform On the NOISE function a menu of ADD and NEW is prompt to select a new noise waveform or to add noise to the existing waveform F4 SHOW WAVE Display the Arbitrary waveform on the full LCD display By pressing any button the display returns to the MENU selection Full Display 3 6 5 UTILITY Key Freq 1 00000 KHz INTENSITY 72. OFF Modulation execution 3 11 Memory The waveform generator uses a Nonvolatile FLASH for storing arbitrary waveform data and front panel settings Up to 1000 points Arbitrary waveform and 20 front panel settings are stored Because it is impossible to 100 guarantee against loss of stored data you should maintain a record of the data stored in memory so that you can manually restore such data if necessary 3 12 Displaying Errors At power on the waveform generator performs a diagnostic routine to check itself for problems If the diagnostic routine finds an error an error message is displayed The waveform generator also displays error messages when front panel settings are either invalid or may produce unexpected results Error messages for Model 4045 Message Text Out of range Setting conflict Trig rate short Empty location SCALE too high Protected RAM RAM error Save RAM Must divide by 4 Must divide by 2 Cause Attempt to set variable out of instrument limits Can t have this parameter set with some other Internal trigger rate too short for wave burst Attempt to restore non existent setting Attempt to set scale too high for current dot value Attempt to write to protected RAM range Error in testing RAM New firmware installed Predefined wave length must be divisible by 4 Predefined wave length must be divisible by 2 3 13 Using The Model 4045 This section explains how to generate v
3. cid a E A Utility Menu F1 RECALL Recalls a previously stored front panel setup from the selected buffer Change the buffer number by using the rotary input knob Valid storage buffer numbers are from 1 to 19 Buffer 0 is the factory default setup F3 STORE Stores the current front panel setup to the specified storage buffer Change the buffer number by using the data keys or the rotary input knob Valid storage buffer numbers range from 1 to 19 3 6 6 SWEEP Key Selects the Sweep Mode and allows the entering of sweep parameters as Sweep Start Sweep Stop and Sweep Rate To select the sweep mode press SWEEP then press the function key that corresponds to the desired Sweep menu option as shown 20 AAA AAN ae Frec LIN SWEEP SWEEP START 1 000 KHz Se R Sweep Menu F1 ON OFF Operates the sweep function selecting between Sweep On or Off F2 START STOP Defines the Sweep Start and Stop frequencies F3 RATE Defines the Sweep Rate F4 LIN LOG Selects the Sweep Shape LIN or LOG Frey LOG SWEEP SWEEP RATE 1400 ms on RATE MONTT Se START Mesta LOG Log Sweep Menu 3 6 7 MODULATION Key Selects the Modulation mode AM or FM To select the output mode press MODUL key then press the function key that corresponds to the desired menu option as shown Freq 1 00000 KHz Ampls 00 Vo Ofat 0 00 w Modulation Menu If the AM is selected the following menu is available 21 Mo
4. The error message is returned in the form lt error number gt lt error description gt A table of error numbers and their descriptions is presented here No error reported 0 No error Command Errors A command error is in the range 199 to 100 and indicates that a syntax error was detected This includes the case of an unrecognized header 100 Command Error 101 Invalid character 102 Syntax error 103 Invalid separator 104 Data type error 108 Parameter not allowed More parameters than allowed were received 109 Missing parameter Fewer parameters than necessary were received 110 Command header error 111 Header separator error 112 Program mnemonic too long The mnemonic must contain no more than 12 characters 113 Undefined header 120 Numeric data error 121 Invalid character in number 123 Exponent too large 124 Too many digits 128 Numeric data not allowed A different data type was expected 131 Invalid suffix 134 Suffix too long 138 Suffix not allowed 140 Character data error 141 Invalid character data 33 Model 4045 Operating Manual Incorrect character data were received 144 Character data too long Character data may contain no more than 12 characters 148 Character data not allowed 158 String data not allowed 161 Invalid block data An error was found in the block data 168 Block data not allowed 178 Expression data not allowed Execution Errors An execution error indicates tha
5. 2 Press F2 STORE to select the Store mode 3 Use the rotary input knob to select a buffer number Valid buffer numbers range from 1 to 19 Buffer 0 is a read only buffer that contains the power on settings listed in Table 3 3 The waveform generator does not warn you when you store a setup into a settings buffer that is already occupied Recalling Setups To recall stored front panel setup 1 Press UTILITY to display the menu 27 Model 4045 Operating Manual 2 Press F1 RECALL to select the Recall mode 3 Use the rotary input knob to select a buffer number Valid buffers numbers range from 0 to 19 Buffer 0 is a read only buffer that contains the power on settings listed in Table 3 3 28 Section 4 Programming 4 1 Overview This section provides detailed information on programming the Model 4045 via the USB interface 4 2 Device States The device may be in one of the two possible states described below 4 2 1 Local State LOCS In the LOCS the device may be operated from the front panel 4 2 2 Remote State REMS In the REMS the device may be operated from the USB interface Actuating any front panel key will cause the device state to revert to the LOCS 4 3 Message Exchange Protocol The device decodes messages using the Message Exchange Protocol similar to the one defined in IEEE 488 2 The following functions implemented in the MEP must be considered 4 3 1 The Input Buffer The device has a 128 by
6. OFF LIN LOG Note Sweep cannot be activated in ARB or if FM is active SWRAte This command sets the time for one complete sweep Arguments Type Numeric Units S mS uS nS Range 10mS to 500S Rounding to 4 digits Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax SWRAte lt ws gt lt time gt units SWRAte lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Examples SWRAte 50MS Query Syntax SWRAte lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Response NR3 SWSTArt This command sets the start frequency of the sweep Arguments Type Numeric Units MHz KHz Hz default Range Dependent on the frequency range of the current function Rounding The value is rounded to 4 digits Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax SWSTArt lt ws gt lt frequency gt units SWSTArt lt ws gt MINimum MAXimum Examples SWSTArt 5KHZ SWSTArt 5E3 SWSTArt MAXIMUM SWSTArt MIN Query Syntax SWSTArt lt ws gt MAXimum MINimum 42 Examples SWSTArt SWSTArt MAX Response NR3 SWSTOp This command sets the stop frequency of the sweep Arguments Type Units Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Query Syntax Examples Response 4 9 1 8 Duty Cycle Numeric MHz KHz Hz default Dependent on the frequency range of the current function The value is rounded to 4 digits Setting or Query SWSTOp lt ws gt lt frequency gt units SWSTOp lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum SWSTOp 5KHZ SWSTOp 5E3 SWSTOp MAXIMUM SWSTO
7. Volts for voltage To set the frequency to 1K Hz we can send one of the following commands FREQ 1000 FREQ 183 The special forms of character data accepted as numbers are MAXimum sets the parameter to its maximum value MINimum sets the parameter to its minimum value For example to set the frequency to it s maximum value we can send the command FREQ MAX vi Arbitrary Block Data 31 Model 4045 Operating Manual The Arbitrary block data type is used to send arbitrary waveform data to the instrument In this data type the waveform points are specified in binary format and each point consists of two bytes Two types of arbitrary block data are defined by IEEE 488 2 Definite Form The Definite Form has the structure Byte Count Length Byte Count 8 bit byte The Byte Count Length consists of a single ASCII digit from 1 to 9 It tells the parser how many digits are in the Byte Count The Byte Count is a decimal integer made up of the number of digits specified in the Byte Count Length It tells the parser how many 8 bit bytes are being sent Indefinite Form The Indefinite Form has the structure 0 8 bit byte LF Some Program Message Units either require or can accept more than one data element Program data elements are separated from each other by the Program Data Separator It is defined as optional white space characters followed by a comma which in turn is followed by optional white space
8. a section of waveform memory for execution the following parameters can be set Point rate frequency Peak to peak amplitude Offset voltage MODEL 4045 SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Model 4045 is a programmable arbitrary waveform generator that can generate arbitrary waveforms and predefined signal as Sine Triangle Square Pulse etc FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS STANDARD WAVEFORMS Sine Square Triangle Ramp Accuracy Resolution ARBITRARY CHARACTERISTICS Waveform length Vertical resolution Sampling rate Accuracy Resolution OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Amplitude Range Resolution Amplitude Accuracy Flatness for sine wave at 5Vpp into 50 Q Offset Range Offset Resolution Offset Accuracy Output Impedance Output Protection Filter WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS Harmonic Distortion for sine wave at 5Vpp into 50 Q Spurious Square Rise Fall Time 0 01 Hz to 20 MHz 0 01 Hz to 20 MHz 0 01 Hz to 2 MHz 0 005 50 ppm at lt 100 Hz 0 005 0 006 Hz 6 digits or 10 mHz 2 points to 1 000 points 12 bits 20ns to 50s 0 005 4 digits 50 ppm 10mV to 10Vp p into 50 ohms 3 digits 1000 counts 2 20mV of the programmed output from 1 01V 10V 0 5 dB at 1MHz 1 dB to 20 MHz 4 5V into 50 ohms depending on the Amplitude setting 10 mV with 3 digits resolution 2 10mV into 50 ohms 50 ohms The instrument output is protected against short circuit or accidental volt
9. characters There are two types of Program Message Units Command Message Units and Query Message Units A Query differs from a Command in that the Program Header is terminated with a question mark For example the frequency might be queried with the following query FREQ Some Query Message Units accept data giving the device more specific information about what is being queried In many cases the Query Message Unit may optionally be supplied with the MIN or MAX mnemonics as data This tells the device to return the minimum or maximum value to which the parameter may currently be set For example FREQ MAX will return the maximum value to which the frequency may currently be set Not all Program Message units have query forms for example SAV and some Program Message Units might have only the query form for example IDN The instrument puts the response to the query into the output queue from where it may be read by the controller 4 7 Status Reporting The instrument is capable of reporting status events and errors to the controller 32 4 7 1 The Error Queue The error queue is used to store codes of errors detected in the device It is implemented as a cyclic buffer of length 10 The error queue is read with the following query ERR The first error in the queue is returned and the queue is advanced 4 7 2 Error Codes The negative error codes are defined by SCPI Positive codes are specific to the instrument
10. colon Mnemonics appearing in square brackets are optional The character is used to denote a choice of specifications The lt ws gt is used to denote a white space character 4 9 1 Default Subsystem The Source Subsystem controls the frequency voltage amplitude modulation and clock source The command structure is as follows FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare TRIangle ARBitrary FREQuency lt numeric value gt AMPLitude lt numeric value gt OFFSet lt numeric value gt DCYCle lt numeric value gt 36 MODE CONT TRIG GATE BRST TRIG INT EXT TRAte lt numeric value gt BURSt lt numeric value gt MODULation OFF AM FM INT EXT MODFRequency lt numeric value gt MODSHape SIN TRI SQU DEViation lt numeric value gt DEPTh lt numeric value gt SWSTArt lt numeric value gt SWSTOp lt numeric value gt SWRAte lt numeric value gt SWEep ON OFF LIN LOG 4 9 1 1 Frequency FREQuency lt frequency gt The frequency command controls the frequency of the output waveform Arguments Type Numeric Units MHz KHz Hz default Range For SIN and SQU 10uHz to 31 MHz For TRI 10uHz to 500KHz For ARB Dependent on the Point Rate and Wavelength Fmax 1 20nS Wavelength Fmin 1 50S Wavelength Rounding The value is rounded to 10 digits DDS or 4 digits ARB Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax FREQuency lt ws gt lt frequency gt units FREQuency lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Examp
11. offset voltage 10V peak to peak 2047 SV positive peak 3 14 5 Executing an Arbitrary Waveform To load a waveform into execution memory specify its starting address and length in the ARBITRARY menu Select the channel to ON Press the ARB key and select the F4 ARB function Press F1 START to set the address Valid entries range from to 999 Press F2 LENGTH to display the length of the waveform Use the rotary input knob or the numerical keys to enter the waveform length Valid entries range from 2 to 1000 i Oe a 3 14 6 Using Voltage Offset Through the offset parameter you can add a positive or negative DC level to the output waveform To set voltage offset 1 Press Waveform to display the menu 2 Press F3 OFST to display the offset setting 3 Use the rotary input knob or the numerical keys to set the voltage offset To turn the voltage offset OFF repeat the steps above but set the offset voltage level to 0 3 14 7 Storing and Recalling a Waveform Generator Setup You can store up to 20 front panel setups in a part of nonvolatile Flash known as the settings storage memory When you recall a stored setup the front panel settings change to match the settings in the stored setup These stored and recalled settings include the starting address and length of the arbitrary memory that is loaded in the execution memory Storing Setups To store the front panel setup 1 Press UTILITY to display the menu
12. BK PRECISION MODEL 4045 20MHz DDS Sweep Function Generator with Arb Function OPERATING MANUAL V021114 Model 4045 Operating Manual V092711 Limited Three Year Warranty B amp K Precision warrants to the original purchaser that its products and the component parts thereof will be free from defects in workmanship and materials for a period of three years from date of purchase from an authorized B amp K Precision distributor B amp K Precision will without charge repair or replace at its option defective product or component parts Returned product must be accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the form of a sales receipt To obtain warranty coverage in the U S A this product must be registered by completing the warranty registration form on www bkprecision com within fifteen 15 days of purchase Exclusions This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or repairs The warranty is void if the serial number is altered defaced or removed B amp K Precision shall not be liable for any consequential damages including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use Some states do not allow limitations of incidental or consequential damages So the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights which vary from state to state Service Information Warranty Serv
13. DDRess lt ws gt lt address gt ARBitrary ADDRess lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Examples ARB ADDR 100 Query 46 memory Syntax ARBitrary ADDRess lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Response NR1 4 9 4 3 Data ARBitrary DATA lt data gt This command is used to set the values of the waveform Arguments Type Numeric Definite form arbitrary block Indefinite form arbitrary block Numeric Range 2047 to 2047 ASCII Rounding to integer value Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax Numeric ARBitrary DATA lt ws gt lt numeric gt lt numeric Example ARB DATA 100 200 1000 2000 2000 Query Syntax ARBitrary DATA lt ws gt lt number of points gt ASC1i Response Data are returned in the decimal numeric form 4 9 4 4 Line Draw ARBitrary DRAW lt start address gt lt end address gt This command is used to generate a straight line between two points in the arbitrary waveform Arguments Type Numeric Range 1 to 500 000 Rounding to integer value Command Type Setting only Setting Syntax ARBitrary DRAW lt ws gt lt start address gt lt end address gt Example ARB DRAW 1 1000 Considerations 1 The value of the data at the start and end points must first be set by the user using the ARB DATA command 2 The range of the straight line cannot overlap with protected memory 3 The end address must be greater than the start address 4 9 4 5 Predefined waveforms ARB PRED lt shape gt lt st
14. L 4045 0 V0 1 The V0 1 reflects the firmware version number and will change accordingly 4 5 Instrument Reset The RST common command effects an instrument reset to the factory default power up state 4 6 Command Syntax 4 6 1 General Command Structure A Program Message is defined as a string containing one Program Message Units which is an instrument command or query The Program Message is terminated by the Program Message Terminator The Program Message Terminator consists of optional white space characters followed by the Linefeed LF character ASCII 0A The Program Message Unit can be divided into three sections as follows a Program Header The Program Header represents the operation to be performed and consists of ASCII character mnemonics Two types of Program Headers are used in the Model 4045 Instrument control headers and Common Command and Query headers Common Command and Query Program Headers consist of a single mnemonic prefixed by an asterisk The mnemonics consist of upper or lower case alpha characters Example The command to set the frequency to 1K HZ may be written in the following ways FREQ 1KHZ FREQ 1000HZ FREQ 1000 FREQ 1E3 freq 1khz 30 freq 1000hz freq 1000 freq 1e3 b Program Header Separator The Program Header Separator is used to separate the program header from the program data It consists of one or more white space characters denoted as lt ws gt Typically it is
15. a space c Program Data The Program Data represent the values of the parameters being set for example the 1KHZ in the above examples Different forms of program data are accepted depending on the command The Program Data types used in the instrument are 1 Character program data This form of data is comprised of a mnemonic made up of lower or upper case alpha characters As with Program Header mnemonics some Character Data mnemonics have short and long forms Only the short or the long form may be used 11 Boolean data Boolean data indicate that the parameter can take one of two states ON or OFF The parameter may be character type ON or OFF or numeric A numeric value is rounded to an integer A non zero result is interpreted as 1 ON and a zero result as 0 OFF Queries return the values 0 or 1 iii NRf This is a decimal numeric data type where NR indicates an integer number NR2 indicates a fixed point real number and NR3 indicates a floating point real number iv Numeric value program data This data type defines numeric values as well as special cases of Character Data Numeric values may be specified in any of Integer Fixed Point or Floating Point format All parameters which have associated units accept a suffix which may be specified using upper or lower case characters When the suffix is not specified the numeric value is accepted in the default units which are Hertz for frequency Seconds for time and
16. age practically available in electronic laboratories applied to the main output connector 9 pole Elliptic DC 20 KHz 55 dBc 20 KHz 100 KHz 50 dBc 100 KHz 1 MHz 40 dBc 1 MHz 20 MHz 30 dBc DC 1MHz lt 60 dBc lt 18ns 10 to 90 at full amplitude into 50 ohms 7 Model 4045 Operating Manual Variable Duty Cycle Symmetry at 50 OPERATING MODES Continuous Triggered Gate Burst Trigger Source MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS Amplitude Modulation Internal External Frequency Modulation Internal External SWEEP CHARACTERISTICS Sweep Shape Sweep Time Sweep Trigger INPUTS AND OUTPUTS Trigger In Sync Out Modulation IN GENERAL Store memory Arbitrary memory Dimensions Weight 20 to 80 to 2 MHz for Square and 10 90 for Triangle lt 1 Output continuous at programmed parameters Output quiescent until triggered by an internal or external trigger then one waveform cycle is generated to programmed parameters Up to 1OMHz trig rate for ARB waveforms and 1 MHz in DDS mode Same as triggered mode except waveform is executed for the duration of the gate signal The last cycle started is completed 2 65 535 cycles Trigger source may be internal external or manual Internal trigger rate 0 1 Hz 1MHz lus 10s 0 1Hz 20KHz sine square or triangle waveform Variable modulation from 0 to 100 5 Vp p for 100 modulation 10 Kohms input impedan
17. arious waveforms and modify the output waveform including XK Generating a standard waveform Creating an arbitrary waveform Generating a waveform output Modifying waveform output Storing and recalling a waveform generator setup 3 13 1 Selecting a Standard Waveform You can select several standard waveforms as sine triangle and square Creating a standard waveform 24 requires selecting the waveform type parameters modes etc and their settings that define the waveform Generating a standard waveform requires the following Selecting the waveform Setting the output frequency Setting the output amplitude and offset 3 13 2 Setting the Output Mode To set the output mode 1 Press MODE to display the Mode menu on the display window 2 Press the function key Fl to F4 that corresponds to the desired mode 3 13 3 Setting the Output To set the output channel press the Output ON key An internal LED is illuminated to indicate that the Output is ON 3 14 Examples 3 14 1 Creating an Arbitrary Waveform You can create an arbitrary waveform using the following methods Enter individual data points Draw lines between data points Create a predefined waveform Combine any of these methods No need to use all 1 000 data points for one waveform You can program any number of waveforms into waveform memory keeping in mind the addresses where one waveform ends and the other begins The waveform s frequ
18. art address gt lt length gt lt scale gt This command is used to load the waveform memory with a specific type of waveform Arguments Shape Type Character 47 Model 4045 Operating Manual Options Start Address Type Range Rounding Length Type Range SIN SQU TRI NOIS ANO Rounding Scale Type Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Considerations SINusoid SQUare TRlangle NOISe Pseudo Random Noise ANOise Noise added to the current waveform Numeric The MIN and MAX forms both set the address to 1 1 to 1000 to integer value Numeric 16 to 1000 divisible by 4 2 to 1000 divisible by 2 16 to 1000 divisible by 4 16 to 1000 16 to 1000 to integer value Numeric MIN sets the scale to 1 MAX sets the scale to 100 1 to 100 See considerations to integer value Setting only ARBitrary PREDefined lt ws gt lt shape gt lt start gt lt length gt lt scale gt ARB PRED SIN 1 1e3 100 1 The start address and the length must meet the specification Start address Length 1 lt 1 000 2 The scale refers to the scaling of the waveform as a percentage of full scale A scale of 100 will under the correct conditions generate a waveform whose data values range from 2047 to 2047 These correct conditions are set by the offset value This offset is the value of the data at the start address and determines the maximum scale settable The followi
19. as short as possible 3 Use good quality attenuators if it is necessary to reduce waveform amplitudes applied to sensitive circuits 4 Use termination or impedance matching devices to avoid reflections 5 Ensure that attenuators and terminations have adequate power handling capabilities If there is a DC voltage across the output load use a coupling capacitor in series with the load The time constant of the coupling capacitor and load must be long enough to maintain pulse flatness Impedance Matching If the waveform generator is driving a high impedance such as the 1 Mohm input impedance paralleled by a stated capacitance of an oscilloscope vertical input connect the transmission line to a 50 ohms attenuator a 50 ohms termination and to the oscilloscope input The attenuator isolates the input capacitance of the device and terminates the waveform generator properly 3 6 MENU Keys These keys select the main menus for displaying or changing a parameter function or mode 3 6 1 WAVEFORM Keys The keys select the waveform output and displays the waveform parameter menu frequency amplitude and offset When the Arbitrary Waveform is selected the display shows also the waveform rate Freq 1 00000 KHz AmplS 00 4 Ofst 0 00 w Sine Menu F1 FREQ Frequency Selects and displays the frequency Change the frequency setting using the cursor keys rotary knob or numerical keys Ifa certain wavelength can t produce the waveform at t
20. ce 0 1Hz 20KHz sine wave square or triangle 5 Vp p for 100 deviation 10 Kohms input impedance Linear and Logarithmic up or down 10 ms to 100 s internal external continuous or burst TTL compatible Max rate 10MHz Minimum width SOns TTL pulse at programmed frequency 50 ohms source impedance 5 Vp p for 100 modulation 10 KQ input impedance DC to gt 20 KHz minimum bandwidth 20 full panel settings at power off 1 000 points in flash memory 8 4 inch 213 mm wide 3 5 inch 88 mm high 8 3 inch 210 mm deep Approximately 2 5 Kg 8 Power 90V 264V 30 VA max Temperature Operating 0 C to 50 C Non operating 10 C to 70 C Humidity 95 RH 0 C to 30 C EMC According to EN55011 for radiated and conducted emissions Electrical Discharge Immunity According to EN55082 Safety Specifications According to EN61010 CE Labeled Included Accessories Manual and software CD power cord USB cable certificate of calibration Specifications are subject to change without notice For the most current product information please visit www bkprecision com Model 4045 Operating Manual Section 2 Installation 2 1 Introduction This section contains installation information power requirements initial inspection and signal connections for Model 4045 Function Generator 2 2 Mechanical Inspection This instrument was carefully inspected before shipment Upon receipt ins
21. d during parsing based on the current value of the amplitude 4 9 1 5 Function FUNCtion The function command is used to set the type of waveform to be generated by the instrument Command Type Setting Setting or Query Syntax FUNCtion lt WS gt lt OPTION gt Examples FUNC SIN FUNC ARB Query 39 Model 4045 Operating Manual Syntax FUNCtion Examples FUNC Response SIN TRI SQU ARB The following functions are available SINusoid SQUare TRlangle ARBitrary 4 9 1 6 Modulation The following commands control the modulation MODULation This command activates or deactivates modulation Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax MODULation OFF AM FM INT EXT Examples MODULation FM MODULation OFF Query Syntax MODULation Response OFF AMINT AMEXT FM INT FM EXT DEPTh This command sets the AM modulation depth in Arguments Type Numeric Units none implied Range 0 to 100 Rounding To integer Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax DEPTh lt ws gt lt percent depth gt DEPTh lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Examples DEPTh 50 Query Syntax DEPTh lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Response NR3 MODFRequency This command sets the AM and FM modulating waveform frequency Arguments Type Numeric Units MHz KHz Hz default Range Fmax 20 KHz Fmin 0 01 Hz Rounding The value is rounded to 4 digits 40 Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Qu
22. del 4045 Operating Manual Frec 1 00000 KHz AM T 50 or E Ta FREQ Ft COPE BASE Ih AM Menu F1 ON OFF Selects the Modulation ON or OFF operating mode F2 SHAPE Defines the modulation depth from 0 to 100 and the modulation shape between SINE TRIANGLE or SQUARE F3 MOD FREQ Selects the modulation frequency from 0 1Hz to 20 00KHz F4 EXT INT Selects and enables the external modulation by an external signal applied to the Modulation In connector If the FM is selected the following menu is available Freq 1 00000 KHz Fh MOO SHAPE TRI on A DEU FREQ EST Mu SHAPE Ir FM Menu F1 ON OFF Selects the Modulation ON or OFF operating mode F2 DEV SHAPE Defines the FM deviation frequency or the modulation shape between SINE TRIANGLE or SQUARE F3 MOD FREQ Selects the modulation frequency from 0 1Hz to 20 00KHz F4 EXT INT Selects and enables the external modulation by an external signal applied to the Modulation In connector 3 7 ON Key Use these key to control the main output signal When the output is active an internal LED is illuminated 3 8 Cursor Movement Keys 22 3 9 Use these keys to move the cursor when visible either left or right They are used in conjunction with the rotary input knob to set the step size of the rotary input knob Rotary Input Knob Use this knob to increase and decrease numeric values or to scroll through a list The cursor in
23. dicates the low order position of the displayed value which changes when you rotate the knob for straight numeric entries only For other types of data the whole value changes when you rotate the knob 3 10 Power On Settings At power on the waveform generator performs a diagnostic self test procedure to check itself for errors If it find an error and error code and text appear in the display window Other error codes appear when you enter and invalid front panel setting For more information on error codes see the Error Indication section When the waveform generator finishes the diagnostic self test routine it enters the local state LOGS and assumes power on default settings Table 3 2 lists the factory default settings You can program the waveform generator for any settings you want at power on as described earlier in this section Table 3 2 Power on Default Settings Key Function Comments FREQUENCY 100000 Hz Wave frequency RATE ARB l us Sample time per point AMPLITUDE 5 00V Peak to peak output amplitude FUNCTION SINE Output waveform OFFSET 0 00V Zero offset REPITITION 10ms Internal trigger rate MODE CONT Waveform mode N BURST 2 Waves per burst START ADRS 1 Start memory address WAVELENGTH 500 Number of points per waveform TRIG SOURCE EXT External trigger source OUTPUT ON Output enabled SWEEP OFF Sweep execution 23 Model 4045 Operating Manual MODULATION
24. e length parameter in the ARBITRARY menu and the waveform execution point rate The waveform execution point rate is the execution time between each point in the waveform The total time taken to run one period of the waveform is given by number of points X rate Because the output frequency is a function of the rate and the number of points being executed the output frequency other waveform is frequency 1 number of points X rate For example to set the output frequency to 1000Hz given the number of data points used for the waveform output is 1000 calculate rate 1 us 1000 points X 1000Hz EXAMPLE Setting the Output Frequency To set the output frequency of a 1000 point waveform in execution memory to 1000Hz set the rate to lus ACTION KEYSTROKES Step 1 Set the output rate to 1 us equivalent to PARAMETER 1000Hz output frequency Fl RATE 1 KHz us 3 14 4 Setting the Amplitude The following equation represents the relative output amplitude voltage relationship between the front panel amplitude peak to peak setting and the data point values in waveform memory output voltage amplitude p p setting x data point value offset 4095 Where 4095 is the data point value range in waveform memory Table 3 4 Relative Amplitude for Waveform Output Examples Front panel Amplitude Setting Data Point Value Relative Output Amplitude Voltage 26 SV peak to peak 2047 2 5V positive peak SV peak to peak 0 OV
25. e remote command input has priority over any front panel control Therefore as long as the serial interface is continuously supplied with data the keyboard will appear to be inoperative to the user The instrument accepts a carriage return CR as an end of string EOS terminator and sends both a CR and LF as the EOS terminator 52
26. ency and amplitude are influenced by the number of data points and their value in the waveform For further information on how the number of data points influence the frequency and amplitude of a waveform in execution memory see the Setting the Frequency and Setting the Amplitude sections respectively 3 14 2 Entering Individual Data Points The most basic way to program an arbitrary waveform is to enter data points for the waveform one data point at a time While this can become tedious the auto increment function helps this process To enter individual data points into waveform memory follow these steps Press ARB main key to display the selection menu Press F4 ARB to display the arbitrary menu Press F3 EDIT to display the Edit menu Press F1 POINT to select the point by point programming mode Press F1 ADDRESS Use the rotary knob or the numerical keys to enter the address ONE a Ri 25 Model 4045 Operating Manual 7 Press F2 DATA 8 Use the rotary knob r the numerical keys to enter the value for the data point Valid entries range from 2047 to 2047 9 Repeat steps 5 through 9 until you finish programming your arbitrary waveform NOTE Each time you press ENTER to complete a data point entry in numerical mode the auto increment address advances the A value by one 3 14 3 Setting the Arbitrary Frequency The arbitrary waveform frequency is a function of the number of data points used to run the waveform th
27. epted only when the trigger mode is set to Trigger Gate or Burst and the trigger source is set to BUS Type Common Command 35 Model 4045 Operating Manual Syntax TRG 4 8 4 Stored Settings Commands a RCL Recall instrument state This command is used to restore the state of the device to that stored in the specified memory location Arguments Type lt NRf gt Range 0 to 49 Non integer values are rounded before execution Type Common Command Syntax RCL lt ws gt lt NRf gt Example RCL 0 Recall default state RCL 49 Stored setting location 50 stores the last instrument setting before power down b SAV Save instrument state This command is used to store the current instrument state in the specified memory location Arguments Type lt NRf gt Range 1 to 49 Non integer values are rounded before execution Type Common Command Syntax SAV lt ws gt lt NRf gt Example SAV 25 Stored setting location 0 stores the factory defaults and is a read only location Location 50 stores a copy of the current instrument setting and it too is read only 4 9 Instrument Control Commands Instrument control commands are grouped into logical subsystems according to the SCPI instrument Model The commands are comprised of mnemonics indicating the subsystem to which the command belongs and the hierarchy within that subsystem When the command is to be referred to the Root node it should be prefixed with a
28. ery Syntax Examples Response MODSHape Setting or Query MODFR lt ws gt lt frequency gt units MODFR lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum MODFR 5KHZ MODFR 5E3 MODFR MAXIMUM MODFR MIN MODFR lt ws gt MA Ximum MINimum MODFR MODFR MAX NR3 This command selects the modulating waveform shape Arguments Type Options Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Query Syntax Response DEViation Character SINusoid TRlangle SQUare Setting or Query MODSHape lt ws gt lt SIN TRI SQU gt MODSHape SIN MODSHape TRI MODSHape SIN TRI SQU This command sets the FM modulation deviation Arguments Type Units Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Query Syntax Examples Response Numeric MHz KHz Hz default Dependent on the carrier frequency up to 1 56MHz Fmax carrier frequency Fmin 10 uHz The value is rounded to 4 digits Setting or Query DEViation lt ws gt lt frequency gt units DEViation lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum DEV 5KHZ DEV 5E3 DEV MAXIMUM DEV MIN DEViation lt ws gt MAXimum MINimum DEV DEV MAX NR3 4 9 1 7 Sweep control 41 Model 4045 Operating Manual The following commands control the sweep functionality SWEep This command activates or deactivates sweep Arguments Type Boolean Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax SWE lt ws gt ON OFF LIN LOG Examples SWE ON SWE LIN Query Syntax SWE Response
29. he desired frequency the waveform generator displays an Out of Range error message F1 FREQ RATE Selects and displays the Point Rate for Arbitrary Waveform only The Rate parameter governs the rate at which waveform points are executed and thus the frequency of the waveform output When you set this parameter the waveform generator will keep that execution rate for all waveform lengths until 1t is changed F2 AMPL Selects the Amplitude parameter In Arbitrary mode this setting defines the maximum peak to peak amplitude of a full scale waveform If the waveform does not use the full scale of data 2047 to 2047 then its actual amplitude will be smaller 14 Setting the Amplitude The following equation represents the relative output amplitude voltage relationship between the front panel amplitude peak to peak setting and the data point values in waveform memory Output voltage amplitude p p setting x data point value offset 4095 Where 4095 is the data point value range in waveform memory Examples Fran Enel Data Point Relative Output Amplitude A Setting Value Amplitude Voltage 5 Vp p 2047 2 5 V 5 Vp p 1024 1 25 V 5 Vp p 0 OV offset voltage 9 Vp p 300 659 mV 9 Vp p 1000 2 198 Y 4 Vp p 2047 2 V F3 OFST Selects the Offset parameter Change the offset by using the cursor keys rotary dial or numerical keys If a certain setting cannot be produced the waveform generator
30. ice Please return the product in the original packaging with proof of purchase to the address below Clearly state in writing the performance problem and return any leads probes connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Non Warranty Service Return the product in the original packaging to the address below Clearly state in writing the performance problem and return any leads probes connectors and accessories that you are using with the device Customers not on open account must include payment in the form of a money order or credit card For the most current repair charges please visit www bkprecision com and click on service repair Return all merchandise to B amp K Precision with pre paid shipping The flat rate repair charge for Non Warranty Service does not include return shipping Return shipping to locations in North American is included for Warranty Service only For overnight shipments and non North American shipping fees please contact B amp K Precision B amp K Precision 22820 Savi Ranch Parkway Yorba Linda CA 92887 www bkprecision com 714 921 9095 Include with the returned instrument your complete return shipping address contact name phone number and description of problem 2 Safety Summary The following safety precautions apply to both operating and maintenance personnel and must be observed during all phases of operation service and repair of this instrument Before applying power follow
31. in the AC input plug To access the fuse first disconnect the power cord and then remove the fuse cartridge 10 2 6 Grounding Requirements For the safety of operating personnel the instrument must be grounded The central pin on the AC plug grounds the instrument when properly connected to the ground wire and plugged into proper receptacle WARNING TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY DUE TO SHOCK THE THIRD WIRE EARTH GROUND MUST BE CONTINUOUS TO THE POWER OUTLET BEFORE CONNECTION TO THE POWER OUTLET EXAMINE ALL CABLES AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE UNIT AND THE FACILITY POWER FOR A CONTINUOUS EARTH GROUND PATH THE POWER CABLE MUST MEET IEC SAFETY STANDARDS 2 7 Signal Connections Use RG58U 50 Ohm or equivalent coaxial cables for all input and output signals to and from the instrument 2 8 USB Virtual COM Configuration The instrument uses 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity and baud rate of 115200 11 Model 4045 Operating Manual Section 3 Operating Instructions 3 1 General Description This section describes the displays controls and connectors of the Model 4045 Function Generator All controls for the instrument local operation are located on the front panel The connectors are located on both front and rear panels Figure 3 1 Model 4045 Front Panel 1 Power ON OFF Applies and removes AC power to the unit 2 Display Window Displays all instrument data and settings on a LCD 3 FI F4 Keys Select the menu option
32. isplay Window 13 3 3 Front Panel Controls 13 3 4 COMMECIO E PENA E EEE E E E E E ENS 13 3 5 Output Connections eo iat E a AIEEE 13 3 6 O NO 14 37 ON Ki ii 22 3 8 Cursor Movement Keys i sscescissssecsisssesessesssssssetosseveadsasveaenseobesedsvanebedendpsadstonseavagodtoonsbesonasdendoes 22 3 9 Rotary Input Knob a dd ads 22 3 10 Power on Settings 23 3 11 MEMO iS A iia 23 3 12 Displaying Errors ciscc ciccesecsvesececstestssess ccvsene cesses secetensde ccvdesacebedbdsesecstcendeschesdnscbseesecuidensectectte 24 3 13 Using the Model 4045 oo eccccsecssessceseeecsseeseesecaecseeeseeseceaecaeseeeesesaeceaecaeeeenaeeeaecaeeeeeeaeeaeens 24 3 14 Examples sitas dido added leas 25 Programming 4 1 A E AE R E AEAEE E EE S A ECO OOO 28 4 2 IDAT ASA E E at A E E SNE E 28 4 3 Message Exchange Protocol cccesccssesssesscesececeeseeseesecaecaseeseeseceaecaaecseesecaecaecaaeeseeeeeeaeeaeens 28 4 4 Instrument Identification add lid bins 29 4 5 Instrument Reset 29 4 6 Command Syntax ii a eevee ete 29 4 7 Status Reporta ara 31 4 8 Common Commands ici A A 34 4 9 Instrument Control Commands ceeescceseesceesescseseceeeeccseesececsseecnavsecaeesecaesecnenseseesaeeecnaeees 35 4 10 Remote Programming cccccceessssscesscsseesceseeecsecaceeseesecuaecaseeseeseceaecaseaaecseeecaeeaaecseeeeeeaeeaeens 50 Model 4045 Operating Manual Section 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction This manual contains information required to operate pr
33. les FREQ 5KHZ FREQ 5E3 FREQ MAXIMUM FREQ MIN Query Syntax FREQuency lt ws gt MA Ximum MINimum Examples FREQ FREQ MAX Response NR3 Considerations 1 The MIN MAX arguments should be used for ARB waveform only in a Program Message that does NOT contain Program Message Units specifying Arbitrary Point Rate or Wavelength since the MAXimum or MINimum value is calculated at the time the command is parsed 2 The MIN and MAX arguments refer to currently settable minimum or maximum 3 FIXed is alias for CW 37 Model 4045 Operating Manual 4 9 1 2 Point Rate RATE lt point rate gt This command is used to set the point rate It is coupled with the frequency of the waveform by the relation Frequency 1 Point Rate Wavelength Thus changing the point rate will result in a change in frequency Arguments Type Units Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Query Syntax Response Numeric s MS us ns 20ns to 50s to 4 digits Setting or Query RATE lt ws gt lt point rate gt units RATE lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum RATE 100NS RATe lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum NR3 Note You can alternately use the ARB PRATe command 4 9 1 3 Amplitude AMPLitude lt p p amplitude gt The amplitude command is used to set the peak to peak amplitude of the output waveform Note that the amplitude and the offset are limited by the relation Peak Amplitude Offset lt 5V Argument
34. ng Syntax ARBitrary SAVe 4 9 5 Error Queue Reading 49 Model 4045 Operating Manual ERRor This query returns the first entry in the error queue and removes that entry from the queue Command Type Query only Query Syntax ERRor Response lt Error number gt lt error description gt 50 ASCII amp GPIB CODE CHART B7 g g g g 1 1 1 1 B6 g y 1 1 T amp 1 1 B5 g J g 1 g 1 g 1 BITS NUMBERS CONTROL SYMBOLS UPPER CASE LOWER CASE B4 B3 B281 o o 140 o 160 16 s g g s NUL DLE p 0 oj 10 16 79 112 x GTL 2 LLO 161 17 z a a SOH DCI q 1 1 17 73 113 2 162 18 ga 1g DC2 r 12 18 72 114 3 23 163 19 ga 1 1 ETX DC3 Ss 3 343 19 173 rs soc Pas oc 164 20 gS 1g EOT DCA t Ta 116 5 PPC 25 PPY 165 21 18 1 ENQ NAK u 15 ral 75 t7 166 22 sg 1 1 v 75 118 167 23 g 1 1 W gt 119 170 24 189 x 78 120 171 25 18 Y9 79 y 121 172 26 18 1 z 7A 122 173 2 181 78 123 va 28 1134 7 7 124 175 29 11048 70 125 176 mS 30 1 4101 6E 110 7E 126 17 157 15 377 DEL OEE o AUBOUT 79 SF 6F 111 F 12 ADORESSED UNIVERSAL LISTEN TALK SECONDARY ADORESSES COMMANOS COMMANOS AODAESSES ADORESSES OR COMMANOS PPE PPO octal 25 PPU GPIB code NAK ASCII characier nex 21 decimal 51 Model 4045 Operating Manual 4 10 USB Virtual COM Programming 4 10 1 General The INSTALLATION section of
35. ng as the trigger source asserts the gate signal F4 BRST Burst Triggers output N output cycles for each trigger event where N ranges from 2 to 65 535 After selecting the TRIG GATE or BURST menu the trigger source menu is available Freq 1 00000 KHz TRIG RATE 10 00 ms MAh IHT EAE Trigger Menu F1 MAN Selects manual as the trigger source To trigger the waveform generator press this MAN TRIG again F2 INT Selects the internal trigger generator as the trigger source Change the internal trigger rate displayed with the rotary input knob F3 EXT Selects the external trigger signal as the trigger source The trigger source is supplied through the TRIG IN connector In BURST mode the F4 displays NBRST the number of burst pulses to be output with each trigger The N can be changed from 2 to 65 535 16 3 6 3 ARBITRARY Key When selected displays the following screen F1 FREQ RATE F2 AMPL F3 OFST F5 ARB F1 START F2 LENGTH Freq 1 000 KHz AmplS 00 4 Ofst 0 00 4 E ROS Arbitrary Menu Frequency Selects and displays the frequency Change the frequency setting using the cursor keys rotary knob or numerical keys If a certain wavelength can t produce the waveform at the desired frequency the waveform generator displays an Out of Range error message Displays the Point Rate for Arbitrary Waveform only The Rate parameter governs the rate at which waveform points are exec
36. ng table shows the data values required in order to achieve maximum scale SHAPE SIN SQU TRI NOIS DATA 0 0 0 0 4 9 4 6 Start Address ARBitrary STARt lt start address gt This command sets the start address of the waveform to be run Arguments Type Range Rounding Command Type Numeric 1 to 999 to integer value Setting or Query 48 Setting Syntax ARBitrary STARt lt ws gt lt start address gt ARBitrary STARt lt ws gt MINimum MAXimum Example ARB STAR 100 Query Syntax ARBitrary STARt lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Examples ARB START ARB STAR MIN Response NR1 Considerations The start address and length must meet the condition Start Address Length 1 lt 1000 4 9 4 7 Wavelength ARBitrary LENGth lt length gt This command sets the length of the waveform being run Arguments Type Numeric Range 2 to 1000 Rounding to integer value Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax ARBitrary LENGth lt ws gt lt length gt ARBitrary LENGth lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Example ARB LENG 1E3 Query Syntax ARBitrary LENGth lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximun Example ARB LENG Response NRI Considerations 1 Changing the wavelength will change either the frequency 2 The minimum wavelength is 2 4 9 4 8 Save ARBitrary SAVe This command is used to save all unsaved arbitrary waveform data into non volatile memory Arguments Type none Command Type Setting only Setti
37. ogram and test the Model 4045 20MHz DDS Sweep Function Generator with Arb Function This section covers the instrument general description instrument specifications and characteristics 1 2 Description The Model 4045 is a versatile high performance arbitrary waveform generator Arbitrary waveforms can be programmed and generated with 12 bit resolution and up to 1 000 points length Waveforms can be output in continuous triggered gated or burst mode AM and FM modulation combined with versatile Sweep capabilities make the unit suitable for a wide range of applications Editing is flexible and easy including auto increment line draw and predefined waveform facilities The instrument can be remotely operated via the USB virtual COM serial interface bus and it is SCPI compatible 1 3 Memory Architecture The waveform memory consists of 1 000 points The user can edit arbitrary waveforms in waveform memory and can specify any data value in the range from 2047 to 2047 for any point in waveform memory The following operations can be performed in the waveform memory Insert and scale any of the following predefined waveforms sine triangle square ramp up ramp down noise Draw a line between any two points Clear set to zero any set of points or all points Set individual point values Up to 1000 continuous points of waveform memory can be executed by specifying a starting address in waveform memory and length After specifying
38. p MIN SWSTOp lt ws gt MA Ximum MINimum SWSTOp SWSTOp MAX NR3 DCYCle lt duty cycle value gt This command is used to set the duty cycle of the square wave or the symmetry of triangular wave The value is given in percent Arguments Type Units Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Query Syntax Response 4 9 1 9 Output State OUT lt state 0 1 gt Numeric None percent implied 20 to 80 To integer Setting or Query DCYCle lt ws gt lt duty cycle value gt DCYCle lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum DCYCle lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum NR3 This command controls whether the output is ON or OFF 43 Model 4045 Operating Manual Arguments Type Boolean Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax gt OUT lt ws gt ON 1 OFF 0 Examples OUT ON OUT OFF Query Syntax OUT Response OJI 4 9 1 10 Trigger Mode MODE lt trigger mode gt This command is used to set the trigger mode Arguments Type Character Options CONT inuous TRIGger GATE BURSt Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax MODE lt ws gt lt option gt Examples MODE CONT MODE BURS Query Syntax MODE Response CONT TRIG GATE BURS 4 9 3 2 Trigger Source TRIGger lt trigger source gt This command is used to select the trigger source for use in the Trigger Gate and Burst trigger modes Arguments Type Character Options INTernal Internal trigger EXTernal External trigger Command Ty
39. pe Setting or Query Setting Syntax TRIGger lt ws gt lt option gt Examples TRIG EXT TRIG INT Query Syntax TRIGger Response INT EXT 4 9 3 3 Burst Count 44 BURSt lt burst count gt Used to set the number of cycles to be output in the BURST mode It is not a standard SCPI command Arguments Type Numeric Range 2 to 65535 Rounding To integer value Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax BURSt lt ws gt lt value gt Examples BURS 100 BURS MAXIMUM Query Syntax BURSt lt ws gt MA Ximum MINimum Response NRI Examples BURST BURS MAX 4 9 3 4 Internal Trigger Rate TRAte lt trigger rate gt Sets the rate of the internal trigger Arguments Type Numeric Units S mS uS nS Range 1E 6S to 100S Rounding to 4 digits Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax TRAte lt ws gt lt value gt units TRAte lt ws gt MINimum MAXimum Examples TRAte 10E 6 TRAte MIN Query Syntax TRAte lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Response NR3 Examples TRAte TRAte MIN 4 9 4 Arbitrary Subsystem The Arbitrary subsystem is not part of the SCPI standard It was developed to suit the needs of the instrument Within this subsystem are found commands to 1 control the point rate start address wavelength and synchronization pulse address 2 set values of the arbitrary waveform either discretely or using predefined copy or draw functions 3 protect an area of waveform memory 4 set the state of the automatic
40. pect the instrument for damage that might have occurred in transit If there is damage due to shipping file a claim with the carrier who transported the unit The shipping and packing material should be saved if reshipment is required If the original container is not to be used then use a heavy carton box Wrap the unit with plastic and place cardboard strips across the face for protection Use packing material around all sides of the container and seal it with tape bands Mark the box FRAGILE 2 3 Initial Inspection After the mechanical inspection verify the contents of the shipment accessories and installed options If the contents are incomplete or if the instrument does not pass the specification acceptance tests notify the local service center 2 4 Instrument Mounting The Model 4045 Function Generator is intended for bench use The instrument includes a front feet tilt mechanism for optimum panel viewing angle The instrument does not require special cooling when operated within conventional temperature limits The unit can be installed in a closed rack or test station if proper air flow is assured for removing about 15 W of power dissipation 2 5 Power Requirements The Model 4045 can be operated from any source of 90V to 264V AC frequency from 48Hz to 66Hz The maximum power consumption is 30 VA Use a slow blow fuse UL CSA approved of 1A as indicated on the rear panel of the instrument The instrument power fuse is located
41. rds To avoid electrical shock hazard disconnect power cord before removing covers Refer servicing to qualified personnel Before connecting the line cord to the AC mains check the rear panel AC line voltage indicator Applying a line voltage other than the indicated voltage can destroy the AC line fuses For continued fire protection replace fuses only with those of the specified voltage and current ratings This product uses components which can be damaged by electro static discharge ESD To avoid damage be sure to follow proper procedures for handling storing and transporting parts and subassemblies which contain ESD sensitive components Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Contents Introduction 1 1 Introduction Ane hei hese eae Ge AGRE BA aOR 6 1 2 Description 6 1 3 Specifications neice dee A bs 7 Installation 2 1 TO UCI A SS 10 22 Mechanical Ip iia 10 2 4 Instrument Mounting iaa 10 25 Power requirements i ccscoss cetcsececedeesda senses scdsecedcsedecatcesaescbvedacebcebse cst ccncendesdhevadescsveste debcensacntents 10 2 6 Grounding requirements 0 0 cceeceeccesecsseeseeeeceecsecsceeseesecuaecaseeseesecssecaseeseeseeseeaecaaecseeeeeeaeenaeess 11 2 Signal COMMECHONS cocino nioninavacacininnda ces inde decidida idad cesses sedabcendendecedeasensedces tacu centesddenagestdects 11 2 8 USB Virtual COM a E RARAN 11 Operating Instructions 3 1 General DIT a taO AE ai avant EE ea ee eee es 12 3 2 D
42. s Type Units Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Query Syntax Numeric V mV VPP mVPP 10mV to 10V 1mV from 10mV to 999mV 10mV from 1V to 10V Setting or Query AMPLitude lt ws gt lt amplitude gt units AMPLitude lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum AMPL 2 5 AMPL 2 5V AMPL MAX AMPLitude lt ws gt MINimum MAXimum 38 Examples Response Considerations AMPL AMPL MAX NR2 1 The MA Ximum amplitude is dependent on the offset 2 The MAX and MIN arguments should not be used in a program message containing an OFFSet command since these values are evaluated during parsing based on the current value of the offset 4 9 1 4 Offset OFFSet lt offset gt The offset command is used to set the DC offset of the output waveform Note that the amplitude and the offset are limited by the relation Peak Amplitude Offset lt 5V Arguments Type Units Range Rounding Command Type Setting Syntax Examples Query Syntax Examples Response Considerations Numeric V mV 10mV to 4 5V to 10mV Setting or Query OFFSet lt ws gt lt offset gt units OFFSet lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum OFFS 2 5 OFFS 2 5V OFFS MAX OFFSet lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum OFFS OFFS MAX NR2 1 The MAXimum offset is dependent on the amplitude 2 The MAX and MIN arguments should not be used in a program message containing an AMPLitude command since these values are evaluate
43. s Under certain conditions even with the power cable removed dangerous voltages may exist To avoid injuries always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE Do not attempt any internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY THE INSTRUMENT Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modifications to this instrument Return the instrument to TEXIO for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS WARNING and CAUTION statements such as the following examples denote a hazard and appear throughout this manual Follow all instructions contained in these statements A WARNING statement calls attention to an operating procedure practice or condition which if not followed correctly could result in injury or death to personnel A CAUTION statement calls attention to an operating procedure practice or condition which if not followed correctly could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product Model 4045 Operating Manual WARNING WARNING CAUTION CAUTION Do not alter the ground connection Without the protective ground connection all accessible conductive parts including control knobs can render an electric shock The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet IEC safety standa
44. s that appear on the second line of the LCD display Menus differ depending on the selected parameter function or mode 4 Function Keys Select the output waveform Sine Square Triangle or Arbitrary 5 Rotary Knob Used to increment decrement numerical values or to scan through the possible selections 6 Modify Keys Used to move the cursor when visible to either left or right 7 Output ON Controls the main output signal The output status is displayed on the LCD 12 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 Display Window The Model 4045 has a graphic LCD display that can display up to 124 x 64 dots When you power on the unit the SINE is selected and its current settings appear in the display The bottom displays a menu that corresponds to the function parameter or mode displayed selected Front Panel Controls The front panel controls select display and change parameter function and mode settings They also include the keys you use to program and generate arbitrary waveform output Use the rotary input knob and the cursor movement keys to enter data into the waveform generator To change a setting 1 Press the key that leads to a required item 2 Move cursor using cursor keys to the appropriate position in the numeric field 1f applicable 3 Use the rotary input or the numerical keyboard to change the value of the displayed item Changes take effect immediately The following subsections describe the function of each fron
45. sent before the entire response of a previous query was read 420 Query UNTERMINATED 34 An attempt was made to read a response before the complete program message meant to generate that response was sent Warnings The execution of some commands might cause an undesirable instrument state The commands are executed but a warning is issued 500 Trigger rate short 510 Output overload Trigger rate short means that the period of the waveform is larger than the value of the internal trigger rate Thus not every trigger will generate a cycle or burst of the waveform 4 8 Common Commands 4 8 1 System Data Commands a IDN Identification query The identification query enables unique identification of the device over the GPIB This query should always be the last in a program message It returns a string with four fields Manufacturer name Model name Serial number 0 if not relevant Version number Command Type Common Query Syntax IDN Response B amp K PRECISION MODEL 4045 0 V1 1 4 8 2 Internal Operation Commands a RST Reset command The Reset command performs a device reset It causes the device to return to the factory default power up state Type Common Command Syntax RST 4 8 3 Device Trigger Commands a TRG Trigger command This command is analogous to the IEEE 488 1 Group Execute Trigger interface message and has the same effect It is used to trigger the device to output a wave and is acc
46. t panel key and connector Connectors The function generator has two BNC connectors on the front panel and two on the rear panel where you can connect coaxial cables These coaxial cables serve as carrier lines for input and output signals delivered to and from the function generator Output Connector Use this connector to transfer the main output signal from the function generator Trig In Connector Use this connector to apply an external trigger or gate signal depending on the waveform generator setting to the generator Sync Out Connector Use this connector to output a positive TTL sync pulse generated at each waveform cycle Modulation In Connector SV p p signal for 100 modulation 10Kohms input impedance with DC gt 20 KHz bandwidth Output Connections The waveform generator output circuits operate as a 50 ohms voltage source working into a 50 ohms load At higher frequencies non terminated or improperly terminated output cause aberrations on the output waveform In addition loads less than 50 ohms reduce the waveform amplitude while loads more than 50 ohms increase waveform amplitude 13 Model 4045 Operating Manual Excessive distortion or aberrations caused by improper termination are less noticeable at lower frequencies especially with sine and triangle waveforms To ensure waveform integrity follow these precautions 1 Use good quality 50 ohms coaxial cable and connectors 2 Make all connections tight and
47. t the device could not execute a syntactically correct command either since the data were out of the instrument s range or due to a device condition 200 Execution error An attempt was made to RECALL the contents of an uninitialized stored setting buffer 211 Trigger ignored The TRG common command was ignored due to the device not being in the correct state to execute the trigger 220 Parameter error A parameter is in the correct range but conflicts with other parameters 221 Settings conflict The parameter is out of range due to the current instrument state 222 Data out of range 223 Too much data The arbitrary waveform memory limit has been exceeded 224 Illegal parameter value The parameter value must be selected from a finite list of possibilities Device Specific Errors An error specific to the device occurred 315 Configuration memory lost Device memory has been lost 330 Self test failed 350 Queue overflow Error codes have been lost due to more than 10 errors being reported without being read Query Errors A query error indicates that the output queue control has detected a problem This could occur if either an attempt was made to read data from the instrument if none was available or when data were lost Data could be lost when a query causes data to be formatted for the controller to be read and the controller sends more commands without reading the data 410 Query INTERRUPTED Data were
48. te long cyclic input buffer Decoding of remote messages is begun as soon as the input buffer is not empty that is as soon as the controller has sent at least one byte to the device Should the input buffer be filled up by the controller faster than the device can remove the bytes and decode them the bus handshake CTS RTS is used to pause data transfer until room has been made for more bytes in the buffer This prevents the controller from overrunning the device with data 4 3 2 The Output Queue The device has a 100 byte long output queue in which it stores response messages for the controller to read If at the time a response message is formatted the queue contains previously formatted response messages such that there is not enough place in the queue for the new message the device will put off putting the message in the queue until there is place for it 29 Model 4045 Operating Manual 4 3 3 Response Messages The device sends a Response Message in response to a valid query All queries return a single Response Message Unit In only one case is the Response Message generated when the response is read as opposed to when the response is parsed and this is when querying Arbitrary Waveform data All other queries generate the Response Message when they are parsed 4 4 Instrument Identification The IDN common query is used to read the instrument s identification string The string returned is as follows B amp K PRECISION MODE
49. the installation instructions and become familiar with the operating instructions for this instrument Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument B amp K PRECISION assumes no liability for a customer s failure to comply with these requirements This is a Safety Class I instrument GROUND THE INSTRUMENT To minimize shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground This instrument is grounded through the ground conductor of the supplied three conductor ac power cable The power cable must be plugged into an approved three conductor electrical outlet Do not alter the ground connection Without the protective ground connection all accessible conductive parts including control knobs can render an electric shock The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet IEC safety standards DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS Instrument covers must not be removed by operating personnel Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel Disconnect the power cord before removing the instrument covers and replacing component
50. this manual describes the USB virtual COM connection for the instrument A USB virtual COM port is a software interface that enables applications to access a USB device as if it were a built in serial port The baud rate is the bit rate during the transmission of a word in bits per second Different devices use many baud rates but the baud rates of the two devices that are connected must be the same The instrument is set to a fixed baud rate of 19200 115200 for instrument with USB virtual COM as described in Section 3 Operating Instructions Data signals over the serial interface use a voltage of 3 V to 25V to represent a zero called a space and a voltage of 3V to 25V to represent a one called a mark Handshake and control lines use 3 V to 25V to indicate a true condition and 3V to 25V to indicate a false condition When no data is being transmitted the idle state of the data lines will be the mark state To transmit a byte the transmitting device first sends a start bit to synchronize the receiver 4 10 2 USB Virtual COM Operation The USB virtual COM standard is not very specific about many of the handshaking signals and it is therefore usually necessary to refer to the manuals for both of the devices being connected to determine the exact pin out signal definition and signal direction for the devices The instrument is programmed by sending ASCII coded characters to the instrument When the instrument is in the remote mod
51. ue at an address to another point create a predefined waveform or combine these to create complex waveforms The valid data values range is 2047 to 2047 The valid waveform memory addresses range from 1 to 1 000 The data value governs the output amplitude of that point of the waveform scaled to the instrument output amplitude Therefore a value of 2047 corresponds to positive peak amplitude 0 corresponds to the waveform offset and 2047 corresponds to the negative peak amplitude Freg 1 000 KHz Ampls 00 Vo Ofst 0 00 w Edit Menu F1 POINT This menu allows the point by point waveform editing When selected the following menu is displayed Freq 1 000 KHz ADRAS 1 OATA O Point Menu F1 ADRS Select the current address in the arbitrary waveform memory F2 DATA Selects the data point value at the current address You can change the point value from 2047 to 2047 F2 LINE This menu allows a line drawing between two selected points Displays the following menu 18 Freq 1 000 KHz Fron 1 Line Menu F1 FROM Selects the starting point address F2 TO Selects the ending point address F4 EXEC Displays the Confirmation menu F1 NO and F3 YES Freq 1 000 KHz ARE YOU SURE Confirmation Menu F3 PREDEF Predefined Waveforms Selects one of the predefined waveforms Sine Triangle Square and Noise Displays the Predefined waveforms menu Freq 1 000 KHz PREDEF SINE Predefine Menu
52. update and increment features 5 update the waveform The following shows the structure of the ARBitrary subsystem ARBitrary 45 Model 4045 Operating Manual PRATe lt numeric value gt ADDRess lt numeric value gt DATA lt numeric value gt lt arbitrary block gt DRAW lt numeric value gt lt numeric value gt PREDefined lt shape gt lt start address gt lt length gt lt scale gt STARt lt numeric value gt LENGth lt numeric value gt SA Ve 4 9 4 1 Point Rate ARBitrary PRATe lt point rate gt This command is used to set the point rate It is coupled with the frequency of the waveform by the relation Frequency 1 Point Rate Wavelength Thus changing the point rate will result in a change in frequency Arguments Type Numeric Units S mS uS nS Range 20nS to 50S Rounding to 4 digits Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax ARBitrary PRATe lt ws gt lt point rate gt units ARBitrary PRATe lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Examples ARB PRAT 100NS Query Syntax ARBitrary PRATe lt ws gt MINimum MA Ximum Response NR3 Note You can alternately use the RATE command 4 9 4 2 Address ARBitrary ADDRess lt address gt This command sets the current address of the waveform It is used to determine where arbitrary data are to be written Arguments Type Numeric Range 1 to 1 000 Rounding to integer value Command Type Setting or Query Setting Syntax ARBitrary A
53. uted and thus the frequency of the waveform output When you set this parameter the waveform generator will keep that execution rate for all waveform lengths until it is changed Selects the Amplitude parameter In Arbitrary mode this setting defines the maximum peak to peak amplitude of a full scale waveform If the waveform does not use the full scale of data 2047 to 2047 then its actual amplitude will be smaller Selects the Offset parameter Change the offset by using the cursor keys rotary dial or numerical keys If a certain setting cannot be produced the waveform generator will display a Setting Conflict message Selects the Arbitrary editing menu Freq 1 000 KHz START 1 Arbitrary Editing Menu Selects the arbitrary waveform start address Selects the arbitrary waveform length Use the START and LENGTH keys to mark a selection of the waveform memory that will be executed Changing one of the arbitrary parameters as start and length cause an updating of the output waveform to the new parameters When exiting the Arbitrary Menu by selecting a different waveform a message to save 17 Model 4045 Operating Manual the Arbitrary wave will be displayed is the Arb data was changed Select YES or NO to save the new waveform 3 6 4 Arbitrary EDIT Menu Enters data for creating arbitrary waveforms You can enter data one point at a time as a value at an address draw a line from one point a val
54. will display a Setting Conflict message Amplitude and Offset Interaction Amplitude and offset settings interact and are bound by hardware restrictions In order to obtain the desired waveform the following amplitude and offset hardware limitations must be considered The offset voltage has three ranges as follows Output Voltage Range 1 01 volt to 10 00 volts Constraints of Amplitude Offset Vp p 2 offset lt 5 volts 0 101 volt to 1 volt Vp p 2 offset lt 0 5 volts 0 010 volt to 0 100 volt Vp pJ 2 offset lt 0 05 volts F4 SYM When the Square or Triangle waveforms are selected the SYMMETRY is available Change the symmetry by using the cursor keys rotary dial or numerical keys If a certain setting cannot be produced the waveform generator will display a warning message Freq 1 00000 KHz SMMETRY 0 FRE AMPL OFST MO ES ts 15 Model 4045 Operating Manual Triangle Menu 3 6 2 MODE Key Selects the output mode CONT Continuous TRIG Triggered GATE Gated and BRST Burst To select the output mode press MODE then press the function key that corresponds to the desired Mode menu option as shown Freq 1 00000 KHz MODE CONT Mode Menu F1 CONT Continuous Selects continuous output F2 TRIG Triggered Triggers one output cycle of the selected waveform for each trigger event F3 GATE Gated Triggers output cycles as lo
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