XScopes User`s Manual
Contents
1. 1 8 User Interface The K4 button is the MENU button used to navigate thru all the menus The K1 K3 buttons action depend on the current menu The green arrows represent the flow when pressing the MENU button When the MENU button is pressed on the last menu the device settings are saved and the menu goes back to the default Figure 17 shows the main menus in blue and some secondary menus in yellow Further ramifications are shown on the respective chapters Horizontal Menu no menu shown Logic Inputs Menu fre foneme iee mmmn K2 K3 Center Horizontal K Trigger Source Menu CH1 Horizontal Cursors CH2 Horizontal Cursors More trigger options If confused while navigating the menus it is easy to go back to the default Mode Menu menu by pressing the MENU ECN Set Scope mode button a few times e regenera ES Set FFT mode Lr Show scope settings A green arrow gt Miscellaneous Menu pressing the MENU button Lr Enter Display Menu 9 Sweep Options Enter AWG Menu Lr Adjust Frequency Display Menu Persistent display Save Settings Figure 17 Main Menus 1 9 Saving the settings All settings are stored to non volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu This method is used to reduce the number of write cycles to the microcontroller s EEPROM The settings are not saved if the VCC voltage is under 3 15V FS DS XScopes 3 1 February2. Gabotronics PO BOX 110332 Lakewood Rch FL 34211 XSco pe S www gabotronics com User s Manual Main Features e Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Simultaneous sampling of 2 analog and 8 digital signals Cue Xprotolab Portable options on all the wave parameters Xminilab Portable e Protocol Sniffer SPI UART e Advanced Triggering System Normal Single Auto e Arbitrary Waveform Generator with advanced sweep Free with many trigger modes adjustable trigger level and ability to view signals prior to the trigger e Meter Mode VDC VPP and Frequency readout Figure 1 Xprotolab Xminilab and the Portable models XY Mode For plotting Lissajous figures V I curves Description checking the phase difference between two waveforms 00 e Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options The XScopes Xminilab and Xprotolab are a combination of three electronic instruments a mixed signal osciloscope an arbitrary waveform generator and a e Channel Math add multiply invert and average protocol sniffer all housed in a small breadboard friendly module The XScopes can also be used as development boards for the AVE MEGA microcontroller waveform measurements and waveform references and selectable vertical log and IQ visualization e Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic External dai Interface 4 Tactile External Switches XMEGA Trigger Microcontro
3. 0 53836 0 46164 COS FFTy Hann 0 5 x COS e Blackman 0 42 0 5 COS 0 08 CO E gt FFTy m AL ALA Figure 40 Window and sine frequency response from left to right Rectangular Hamming Hann and Blackman FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 20 XScopes User s Manual 2 5 Cursors You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved on the respective menu Figure 41 shows the cursor menus ene mtm _ cr poarre ME TT rire were DIETE Figure 41 Cursor menus CHi 1i zHU 4d 2 5 Vertical Cursors Eizuf di Time interval measurements are made with a pair of time markers The oscilloscope automatically calculates the time difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta time Additionally the oscilloscope calculates the inverse of the delta time which is the frequency of the selected period 2 5 2 Horizontal Cursors Voltage measurements are made with a pair of voltage markers to determine 1 or 2 specific voltage points on a waveform The oscilloscope automatically calculates the voltage difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta voltage value 2 5 3 Automatic Curs
4. 2014 Page 12 XScopes User s Manual 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope av The XScope is a mixed signal oscilloscope it has 2 analog channels and 8 digital channels This chapter will focus on the analog signals More information about the digital channels is presented in chapter 3 2 1 Horizontal Settings The horizontal settings are controlled Horizontal Menu no menu shown Stop acquisition OT ripe Center Horizontal Auto Setup consists of 16 pixels Example 8us division 8us 16 pixels 500ns pixel Explore Wave on the default menu The menu is shown on figure 18 Continue acquisition Explore wave 2 1 1 Time Base The time base can be varied from 8us div to 50s div Table 4 shows all the possible time bases One time division Explore wave Figure 18 Horizontal Menus Time Base Fast 16u 324 64u 128u 256 5001 1m 2m 5m 10m 5 50 s div Slow 20m 50m 01 02 05 1 2 Table 4 Time divisions At 8ps div CH2 is not displayed 2 1 2 Technical Details lt There are two distinct sampling methods Fast Sampling and Slow Sampling Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster All samples are acquired to fill the buffer and then they are displayed on the screen o Pre trigger sampling ability to show samples before the trigger is available only with fast sampling o Only 128 samples are visible at a time va
5. During calibration two graphs are shown that represent the calibration on each channel 2 Shut off timeout Sets the time to shut down the device after the last key has been pressed On the non portable devices will only shut off the display and put the microcontroller to sleep 3 Restore defaults Select this function to restore to the default the settings There are many settings on the device if you are not familiar with them this function is useful to set the device to a known state 1 7 Quick Start Guide Take the device out of the packaging There is a protective film on the display which can be removed Power on the device The non portable devices can be powered with either the USB or with an external power supply by applying 5V on the corresponding pin Double check your connections because the device WILL get damaged if applying power on the wrong pin The portable variants are powered with the MENU button Connect the AWG pin to 1 On the portable variants you can flip the Curve switch instead tactile switches are named from left to right K1 K2 and The is the Menu button Press and hold the K1 key auto setup The screen should look like figure 16 Pressing K2 or K3 will change the sampling rate Additional examples on how to use the device are presented in chapter 8 Figure 16 Quick start FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 11 XScopes User s Manual
6. OT TE ORO o beats 24 O RN eie SM Cl lt 24 SA O 25 3 10 A E O 25 3 11 SPISAITO NETTEN 25 4 Arbitrary Waveform 26 O loo A 27 AL FOME 2 4 2 o 27 more ame SAM 27 S iia Cetera D M M M 28 UIT 28 A E 28 o o amp 28 6 2 so AA RUTILIUS 30 S A TNT ER 3 Vendor lILD and POT 32 72 BMP Screen Capture st diarrea isis 33 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 5 XScopes User s Manual 10 11 12 a BMP SChe Ch S10 Sres 33 742 TOS nd e BMP SCC Sh TO WI 34 A SCODE AN 35 RESISTOR OMITE DVd sra iaa 35 8 2 Measurement of an RC time constant rada 35 8 3 Half Wave Rectifier with Smoothing 35 o A 36 EA UR PNE T m Tem 36 cs sare d ud 36 scsi 37 9 1 Firmware upgrade using an e
7. press K1 and K3 simultaneously to display both the Scope and FFT 2 4 1 Oscilloscope Mode This is the default mode of the XScope The 2 analog and 8 digital channels are sampled simultaneously Any of these 10 channels can be shown on the display Figure 33 shows the oscilloscope mode and the various sections of the display are detailed Green LED Flashes after every screen refresh Trigger level mark Red LED Flashes with USB or LINK signal activity Scope Settings The scope can also display Channel Gain Time Base the traces in XY mode which is described in section 2 4 1 3 Figure 33 Oscilloscope Mode 2 4 1 1 Roll Mode The data on the display is scrolled to the left as new data comes in This is only available on the Slow Sampling rates The Roll mode and Elastic mode cannot be selected simultaneously The Roll mode disables the triggering 2 4 1 2 Elastic Traces This is also called Display average on other digital oscilloscopes It works by averaging the trace data with the new data The result is a more stable waveform displayed on the screen However using this setting only makes sense when the scope is properly triggered on a periodic signal The Elastic trace computes this equation for every point in the trace OldTrace NewData NewTrace gt FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 18 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 1 3 XY Mode The XY mode changes the display from volts vs time displa
8. 064 Table 5 Gain Settings 2 2 1 Disable Channel Any channel can be disabled this is useful to reduce clutter on the display 2 2 2 Channel Gain Table 5 shows the possible gain settings for the analog channels One gain division consists of 16 pixels The current gain settings for the analog channels are shown in the top right part of the display If the SHOW setting of the display is enabled 2 2 3 Channel Position The position of the waveform can be moved up or down in the Channel Position menu 2 2 4 Channel Invert The channel can be inverted The displayed waveform and channel calculations will be affected ney div 1 sample average 2 2 5 Channel Math Subtract The channel trace will be replaced with the difference us div sample average us diwv me ds samples averaged Multiply The channel trace will be replaced with the product Average The channel samples will be averaged to reduce aliasing See Figure 20 Channel Math Examples Hi 1 28 die CHi CHe cHiHncHz BHU dis EE TIE s Figure 21 CH1 CH2 Figure 23 CH1xCH2 me div ins divi ms div ms div 8 ms div 20 s divtr 40 s div 80 200 s div 400 s div 800 s div 2000 sample samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples average averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged
9. Port Settings Bits per second s200 vr Data bits Boe Parity None Stop bits Flow control none vr Figure 55 HyperTerminal Settings e Inthe Transfer menu select Receive File e Entera folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol See figure 56 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 33 XScopes User s Manual Receive File Place received file in the following folder cal Browse Use receiving protocol modem E E Figure 56 Receive File Settings e Entera file name with a BMP extension and press OK 7 2 To send a BMP screen capture to Linux Create the following script and save as capture sh echo Please enter filename e g capture bmp read name resh F 1 115200 capture s rx c name 1 gt 1 To use make the script executable with chmod x capture sh Then enter capture sh into a terminal followed by the serial device for example capture sh dev ttyUSBO Then enter a name for the bmp image including the bmp file extension matthew matthew laptop File Edit View Terminal Help matthewamatthew laptop capture sh dev ttyUSBe 4 Please enter filename e g capture bmp scope bmp rx ready to receive scope bmp Bytes recelved 1152 BPS 562 Transfer complete natthewgmatthew laptop Figure 57 Screen capture in Linux S DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 34 XScopes Use
10. the half life value is known 8 3 Half Wave Rectifier with Smoothing Capacitor 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 65 2 Setthe time base to 2mS div 3 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz AV 4 Setthe gain on both channels to 1 28V div 5 The display should look like figure 64 6 Ifthe capacitor is removed the display should 100k 0 1u look like figure 66 Figure 65 Half wave rectifier circuit Figure 66 Removing the capacitor Theory of operation The diode will allow current to flow only during the positive half of the sine wave The output voltage is a little bit lower because of the voltage drop of the diode When the AWG voltage is negative the diode acts like an open circuit and the capacitor discharges thru the resistor at an exponential rate FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 35 XScopes User s Manual 8 4 BJT Amplifier 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 68 2 Set the time base to 2ms div 3 Move the position on both channels all the way down GND reference grid is at the bottom of the screen 4 Set CH1 to 0 32V div Set CH2 to 1 28V div Figure 68 Amplifier circuit Figure 67 BJT Measurements 5 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz 0 250V amplitude 6 Increase the AWG offset until the CH2 wave is centered on the display The display should look like figure 67 Theory of operation The transistor needs to be biased in its forward active region this is what the offset in the AWG is
11. 05 42 B6 04 79 9A Master initiates Read to slave 55 then reads 6 bytes 3 10 UART Sniffer Connect RX to Bit 2 TX to Bit 3 The XScope can decode both the TX and RX lines of the UART at the standard baud rates and with selectable data bits 5 6 7 8 Data bits 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 bps When the sniffer begins the screen is split in two the left side is used for the RX line 00 01 02 04 H Bi 92 H A 5 06 07 08 09 RIT Ci DF Dz DE and the right side is used for the TX line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With n8 Bi 9 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line Hz 08 LH Figure 52 UART Sniffer screen 3 11 SPI Sniffer Connect the Slave Select to Bit 4 MOSI to Bit 5 MISO to Bit 6 SCK to Bit 7 The XScope can decode both the MOSI and MISO lines of an SPI bus The teadihe coe SPI s MOSI pin decoding is done in hardware so it can decode data at high CPOL CPHA speed up to 8MHz but the SPI s MISO pin decoding is implemented in CPOL software using bit banging the maximum clock is 439kHz Decoding starts ea Falling setup Rising sample _ Table 7 SPI Configuration when a falling edge on the SS pin is detected The screen is split in two the left side is used for the MOSI line and the right side is used for the MISO line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be st
12. 1 XScopes User s Manual Command Device Response Notes The device returns 4 bytes containing the version Request firmware version number in ASCII Writes a byte to the XScope s Settings at the specified index If the Index is below 14 the updatemso bit is automatically set If the Index is above 34 the updateawg is automatically set When using the USB interface the setup packet s Index contains the index and the setup packet s Value contains the data When using the using the Serial interface two additional bytes must be sent containing the index and data When using the USB interface the Index contains the lower 16bits the Value contains the high 16bits When using the Serial interface 4 additional bytes must be sent little endian format Sets the desired AWG Frequency 32bits Save XScope s Settings in EEPROM pU Save AWG wave stored in to EEPROM f Stop Scope Start Scope A Start Scope h Force Trigger Auto Setup When using the USB interface the Value contains the 16bits When using the Serial interface 2 additional bytes must be sent little endian format k Restore factory settings Disable Auto send Serial interface only O oS O When the Auto send is active the device will continuously send data this is to maximize the refresh rate on the PC side Enable Auto send When using fast sampling rates the device will first fill Serial interface onl
13. AA 550 2650 100 100 5300 Figure 12 Xminilab 2 1 2 2 Dimensions 0541 OGGI O o 64 69 6 600 2400 100 3300 Figure 13 Xminilab 2 3 Dimensions Figure 14 Xprotolab Portable Dimensions N EN rmm LLL 3 165 LL Figure 15 Xminilab Portable Dimensions FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 10 XScopes User s Manual 1 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings Xprotolab amp Xminilab PortableVariants Parameter Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Supply Voltage 5V 05 55 N A Battery Powered V Analog 30 30 180 1 v Digital Inputs 05 384 5 55 External Trigger 35 68 35 68 Operating Temperature 40 7 40 7 Storage Temperature 40 80 40 80 Cc Table 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings 1 The maximum voltage on the analog inputs has only been tested to these limits The device may tolerate higher voltages but it is not recommended for safety 1 6 Factory Setup The device can enter factory options if the MENU key is pressed during power up The following options are available 1 Offset calibration The unit is calibrated before being shipped but calibration is required again if the firmware is updated
14. Manual 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer Ee The XScope has an 8 bit logic analyzer and can do sniffing on standard protocols 12C UART and SPI The logic inputs 3 3V level only the Portable devices are 5V tolerant If you need to connect 5V signals to the logic analyzer you could add a 3K resistor in series with the signal or use a 5V to 3 3V level converter chip Figure 47 shows the logic menus Protocol Sniffer Select Logic Inputs Menu Logic Select Menu 1 rosse toge oo semo __ Protocol Sniffer 5 SPI Sniffer Settings Logic Options 1 Logic Select Menu 2 Clock Polarity Change position Clock Phase nvert channel Thick logic 0 UART Sniffer Settings Data Bits amp Baud Rate Logic Options 2 Logic Select Menu 3 Parallel Decoding arity Serial Decoding Number of Stop Bits Pull Resistor it 7 Sniffer Mode Pull Resistor No pull resistor Start Protocol Sniffer Figure 47 Logic Analyzer Menus 3 1 Input Selection A subset of the 8 digital signals can be selected Any digital signal can be enabled or disabled 3 2 Channel Position The selected digital channels can be moved up or down Only applicable if less than 8 digital signals are selected 3 3 Invert Channel All digital channels are inverted This setting also affects the protocol sniffer 3 4 Thick Logic 0 A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic This is useful to
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16. anual Schematics 12 2 ea gt MP o ly 1 sth parri ccu 2017 Gabotronics TW NV lt p MENT 312kHz BW uiu 1 5 oO 5 300 R5 300k UH JE Za RS 3 00 IF 9 dg o n 0 330p 2 m 1 5 E SE BW 300k PTS635SL50 LFS p Dy uw PDI HI 1 330p 2 Rid 20 0k R15 180k 43 3V 048V 4 WIRE SPI CM da INTERFACE 6 C12 EXT INTERFACE Yi P dii 15 USB Micro P P 10103594 0001 1 NX3225GA 37 5 i ACIE cig C21 pa 6 7 amp 9 X 10 11 J2 PRTRSVOUZX 215 APT20125GC 083 R22 n m 084 C23 40 180k 4 P X 1 2 5 po 5888 T 12 5 087 z REF 7 RED wx VCOMH C E Rig S nes ap 282 EXT TRIG LOGIC ANALYZER SA HA 1 Da ad 2 12 UG 2864HSWEGO R27 IN es 180k es CFLY FUNCTION SM July 2012 GENERATOR i em Figure 76 Xprotolab Schematic Page 42 DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 L 1 3 ka 2 c HG p L le Oo 1 8 B PTS6355L50 LFS PDI 1 2 143 34 Es 6 y ct EJ XScopes User s Manual INTERFACE CH1 Hl CHANNEL E CON2 J11 412 413 414 CONT CONT ati
17. ases or decreases the sweep speed the sweep speed is reset when reaching the start or end of the 4 3 Technical Details The waveform is stored in a 256 byte long buffer this buffer is fed to the XMEGA s DAC thru the DMA Once the waveform is set the waveform will be generated without any CPU intervention The maximum conversion rate of the DAC is 1Msps this limits the maximum output frequency of the AWG as a system For example if the AWG is generating a sinewave with 256 points the maximum frequency is 3906 25Hz If generating a sinewave with only 32 points the maximum frequency is 31 25KHz The AWG amplifier has a low pass filter of 44 1KHz The predefined AWG Frequency range 5 1Hz thru 125 kHz The resolution of the waveform generator varies depending on the frequency range the lower the frequency the higher the resolution Note that the possible frequencies are discrete 125000 F Cycl requency ycles od Cycles Integer number with these possible values 1 2 4 8 16 32 Period Integer number with values between 32 and 65535 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 27 XScopes User s Manual 5 PC Interface The XScope can communicate to a PC thru the USB port it s not a virtual serial port It can also communicate using the UART on the external port by using a UART adapter or the Bluetooth module Figure 54 shows a snapshot of the PC interface Baud rate 115200 St
18. averaged averaged Figure 20 Number of samples averaged when enabling the channel AVERAGE option The device s sampling rate is normally faster than needed to be able to average samples DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 14 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 Trigger Settings The XScope has an advance triggering system it has most of the trigger controls of a professional oscilloscope Figure 24 shows the trigger menus enar More Trigger Options _ mere mocos rro rip nr Logic Trigger Select 1 Logic Trigger Select 2 Logic Trigger Select 3 wie aj sre Post Trigger Post Trigger CC COM Cl COM Figure 24 Trigger menus 2 3 1 Trigger Types There are four different trigger types which determine when to display the trace on the screen e Normal Trace only when the trigger event occurs e Single Only one trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs e Auto Trace when the trigger event occurs or after a timeout e Free Trace continuously ignoring the trigger FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 15 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 2 Trigger Modes Three triggering modes are available Edge Window and Slope The Edge and Slope have selectable direction When selecting an analog tri
19. ble specific information 3 0 December 2013 Updated protocol interface information 3 1 February 2014 Minor error corrections FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 2 XScopes User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS ia 7 1d XDEOTOIOD Des EA MOM 1 2 Xprotolab Portable and Xminilab Portable Overview eee 8 1 2 1 OUD ING SWCD 8 2075 8 L29 MENU ROWEeSrQUITO bnc EE 8 LZA 5 DEMES Da 8 ee ela T KR 9 Ree RN 10 NAS TS IMIG INO CUI OS 11 SO 11 Teg Co ICIS 11 E E 12 EZ SAVIA ME OHNO air ladra 12 2 Mixed Signal OSCIIIOSCODO ici iS 13 ZN ICN SS S m m tm 13 2 13 PORK WES CWS acia 13 ZN EXILE W OV Sa 13 2s AO SS S RAE EIDEM M TM TEES 13 LD tm ee 14 2 2 1 e UM 14 DA MEE 14 ZAS ENANOS IMM TU 14 E A 14 2 2 9 XCDhapnel MIT eta buc 14 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 3 XScopes User s Manual AS Meters NNI 15 2 3 1 ieee eic N
20. c Figure 77 Xminilab Schem Page 43 DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 10p 10p USB Micro 101035940001 18MHz 4 NX3225GA 2 z 3 C19 CH ne 8 iu dw Otu 9 E 10 e 11 2 Un Un GRN Sul A E po 598 8110 107 LJ RED E 1 Un EXT TREIG LOGIC ANALYZER AWG NE 2 T iN CONE CFLY 65u FUNCTION 1 GENERATOR XX Ri www gabotronics com
21. contains samples before the trigger gt and half contains the samples after the trigger Figure 30 Post trigger 50 of sample buffer Post trigger 100 of the sample buffer Only signals immediately after the trigger event are shown Figure 31 Post trigger 100 of buffer The actual post trigger value can vary between and 32768 samples so you can explore the signal after a very long time after the trigger event has occurred but with a high post trigger value the refresh rate of the scope will be reduced 2 3 5 Trigger Source Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source If selecting a digital channel as trigger source the slope and window modes are not applicable the device will use edge triggering The external trigger input is an additional digital trigger source which tolerates voltages up to 5 5V FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 17 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 Device Modes There are multiple device modes that can be selected the menus shown on figure 32 allow selecting the Scope Mode the Meter Mode or the Spectrum Analyzer Mode FFT Another device mode is the Protocol Sniffer which is discussed in section 3 8 Scope Mode Meter Mode Set Scope mode DC Voltage Roll Mode je cines oz rn rre pee A CET ueris retos K3 Logarithm display ES Cosine Window Figure 32 Device mode menus In the Mode Menu
22. crete steps The frequency range is determined by the highest frequency of the analog channels If there is a high frequency on one channel and a low frequency on the other the channel with the lowest frequency will have low resolution Frequency measurements with the FFT are best suited for analog signals Frequency measurements on the digital inputs are done counting the pulses on the pin over one second The resolution of the measurement is 1Hz Frequency measurements with the Frequency counter are best suited for digital signals FFT Analog channels Frequency Counter Digital channels 14V to 20V Logic level range or Ext Trig 2 2V to 5 5V 500kHz 16MHz or 12MHz on the Ext Trig Variable depending on frequency 1Hz range From 6 25Hz to 7 812kHz Signal is noisy or is Finds the fundamental frequency Not suitable mixed with other signals Signal has a high offset Still works Stops working when the offset is above the logic threshold Table 6 FFT vs Frequency Counter FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 19 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 3 Spectrum Analyzer nen The spectrum analyzer is done by calculating the Fast Fourier Transform FFT CHE of the selected analog channels or the channel math functions if enabled When the FFT is enabled the spectrum is plotted as frequency vs magnitude The horizontal axis represents the frequency Hertz and the vertical axis represents the magnit
23. d time base The maximum frequency is shown on the top right of the display 4 Set the AWG to Sine Wave 5 Enable the Frequency Sweep 6 Set the AWG Sweep range to 1 255 7 Set the display to persistent Figure 72 shows an RLC circuit and figure 73 shows the frequency response Figure 73 Frequency plot This example shows the vertical scale with the LOG disabled FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 36 XScopes User s Manual 9 Firmware Updating This guide will show how to update the firmware your AVR XMEGA based device There two updating methods the first method requires an external programmer You can use either method depending on your needs 9 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer 9 1 1 Tools required e AVRISP mkll or similar PDI capable programmer e AVR Studio 4 or Atmel Studio 6 IDE Integrated Development Environment HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon A regular AVR programmer might not work the programmer needs to be PDI capable PDI is the new interface to program XMEGA microcontrollers Many old AVR programmers use ISP which is not compatible with the XMEGA 9 1 2 Instructions to install the tools e Install AVR Studio and USB driver e Connect the programmer to the computer and auto install the hardware A more detailed guide on how to install the tools is found here http www atmel com dyn resources prod
24. documents AVRISPmkll UG pdf 9 1 3 Instructions to update the firmware 1 Start AVR Studio Connect the cable from the AVRISP to the PDI connector on the board Power the board Press the Display the Connect dialog button m Alternatively you can go to this menu Tools Program AVR Connect Select your programmer and port AVRISP mkll and AUTO or USB In the MAIN tab select the device ATXMEGA32A4U In the programming mode select PDI eet m To check that everything is ok press the Read Signature button You will see a message saying that the device matches the signature 9 Gotothe PROGRAM tab 10 In the Flash section look for the HEX file and click Program 11 In the EEPROM section look for the EEP file and click Program 12 Go to the FUSES tab and select BODPD Sampled BODACT Continuous BODLVL 2 8V SUT 4ms 13 Click Program 14 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device See section 1 6 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 37 XScopes User s Manual 9 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloader 9 2 1 Tools required e Standard USB type A to micro USB cable e Atmel s FLIP software http www atmel com tools FLIP aspx e Flip Manual with driver installation procedure http www atmel com Images doc8429 pdf e HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon 9 2 2 Activating the bootloader The device needs to be powe
25. e mode The device is also powered off when the shutdown timer expires regardless of the device mode 1 2 4 USB Port Device Charging The USB port is also used to charge the device The device can be charged either when the powered on or off When the device is powered off the battery can be fully charged in about 2 hours FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 8 XScopes User s Manual 1 3 Specifications m Xprotolab Xminilab _ Xprotolab Portable Xminilab Portable ES Wis Microcontroller ATXMEGA32A4U 32KB 4KB Flash 4KB SRAM 1KB EEPROM Display Type Graphic OLED 128x64 pixels max refresh rate 122Hz Display Size 0 96 inches 2 42 inches 2 42 inches Display Life Time 10 000 hours min 40 000 hours min 10 000 hours min 40 000 hours min Xprotolab 1 615 1 01 3 3 x 1 75 1 83 x 3 13 x0 7 3 17 x 2 22 x 0 7 3 4 Tactile Switches USB Micro USB connector UART PDI for debugging 45mA to 75mA 8 Digital Inputs 3 lt gt 1 o lt gt 7mA Table 2 XScopes Specifications Frequency Counter 16MHz 1Hz resolution 100ppm accuracy Sniffer Protocols UART 12C SPI o O O Q 2 Notes 1 The Active current varies depending on the number of pixels lit on the display FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 9 XScopes User s Manual 1 4 Dimensions OSZT 0551 O A A A A A AAA A A
26. e provided can be used as a template for your own programs The HEX file does contain the full version of the oscilloscope so you can always program back the original firmware 11 I tried updating the firmware using the USB bootloader It didn t work and now the device does not start The bootloader should still be functional Try resetting the computer and try the procedure again step by step 12 How does the XScope compare to other digital oscilloscopes You can check this comparison table http www gabotronics com resources hobbyists oscilloscopes htm 11 Troubleshooting Is the XScope not working Check out these tips 1 The unit does not power up If using the USB connector to power try applying 5V directly instead with another power supply 2 The unit powers up but the MSO is not working Try restoring the default settings Press K4 during power up then select Restore 3 The screen turns off after a certain amount of time This is the screen saver in action The screen saver time can be changed in factory options See Section 1 6 4 I built my own Xprotolab a particular button doesn t work There might be shorted pins on the microcontroller Check for debris or solder bridges Using a solder wick on the pins will help 5 When powering up the splash screen stays for a very long time more than 4 seconds The crystal is defective or the traces on the crystal are shorted 6 It still isn t working If you have a mu
27. en them If using ASCII only codes 0x20 thru 0x7A will show valid characters Figure 51 shows the 3x6 font Figure 51 Small 3x6 font 3 8 Sniffers Modes e Normal mode Continuous operation when the buffer is filled all pages are erased the index goes back to page 1 e Single mode The sniffer will stop when the buffer is filled e Circular mode New data will be placed at the end of the last page older data will be shifted towards the first page At the beginning the device will show 0x00 an all pages and the last page will be set The circular mode is useful if you are only interested in the most recent data received S DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 24 XScopes User s Manual 3 9 12 Sniffer Connect SDA to Bit 0 SCL to Bit 1 The XScope implements the I2C sniffing in a bit bang fashion The maximum tested clock frequency is 400kHz Standard I2C Fast Speed As the data is decoded the data in HEX will appear on the screen accompanied by a symbol When the Master initiates a read lt is an ACK and is a NACK When the Master initiates a write gt is ACK and is Subsequent data in the frame will be accompanied by for ACK or a for NACK There are 16 pages of data each page shows 64 bytes gt the total memory for the I2C sniffer is 1024 bytes Example communicating to a Si570 Programmable oscillator 55 gt O7 Master initiates Write to slave 55 byte address 7 55 lt
28. ermine if you are reading from the same frame The INDEX is not used in the fast sampling rates For the slow sampling rates it indicates the current position in the buffer For example if you set the Xprotolab at 15 div you will see on the display that the samples start filling the screen from left to right The index represents this position So for the slow sampling rates the FRAME and INDEX can help you determine if you need to erase the screen and you are able to show more data on the screen similar to the Xprotolab screen 6 2 Control data All XScope s settings are stored in 44 bytes table 10 shows these variables table 11 describes the bitfield variables FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 28 XScopes User s Manual Name DataType Description 0 srate Unsigned 8bit_ Sampling Rate Range 0 21 8 us div to 5Os div 1 CHictrl BitField8bit_ Channel 1 controls J SSS O 2 3 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 BitField8bit_ Channel 2 controls oS O it Field 8bit_ Logic Analyzer Optionst it Field 8bit Trigger control it Field 8bit AWG Sweep Options it Field 8bit Sniffer Controls 5 o3 Bi 4 CHmask Bit Field 8bit_ Logic enabled bits Selects which logic channels are displayed NN Bi 6 Bi 7 8 oe MTS Bi 11 Status BitField8bit ScopeStatus 12 _ U 8 5 1 EUN 18 _ it Field 8bit_ Cursor Opti
29. for The output voltage will vary according to the BJT transfer curve changes in the input make large changes in the output 8 5 Component V I Curves 1 Build the circuit shown in figure 71 or flip the CURVE switch on the Portables 2 the Portables flip the input switches to the DC position 3 Set the time base to 500us div 4 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz 4V 5 Set the gain on both channels to 0 64V div or 1 28V div on the Portables 6 Enter the CH2 options and select SUBTRACT 7 Set the device oscilloscope in XY mode Figure 71 Component tester Figure 70 1N4148 curve Theory of operation The goal is to plot the component s voltage versus the component s current Using the integrated waveform generator and a 1 resistor we can inject current into the component The voltage is measured directly using CH1 The current thru the component is the same as the current thru the resistor the voltage on the resistor is proportional to the current The voltage on the resistor is equal to CH2 CH1 1V on the scope will represent 1mA on the component Figure 69 and figure 70 show examples of V I curves on components 8 6 Frequency Plots The AWG sweep function can be used to plot the frequency response of a circuit This method is not directly a BODE plot since the horizontal axis is not logarithmic it is linear 1 Connect the AWG to the input and CH1 to the output 2 Set the device to FFT mode 3 Change to the desire
30. gger source the trigger direction is changed in the Adjust Trigger Level menu by moving up or down the trigger level When selecting a digital trigger source the trigger direction is toggled on every button press e Edge Trigger The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the trigger level in a certain direction The trigger level is represented on the display as a rising T falling or dual arrow o Rising edge The trigger when the signal the level from below to above o Falling Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the level from above to below o Dual Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the trigger level in any direction To select the Dual Edge mode deselect Window Edge and Slope in the Trigger Mode Menu the trigger mark will change to a dual arrow 1 Edge Trigger The signal crosses a level Figure 25 Edge Trigger Window Trigger The trigger occurs when the signal leaves a voltage range This mode is useful for detecting overvoltages or undervoltages Two arrow trigger marks represent the window levels CHi 280 4 Bleu tdi Window Trigger The signal is outside a range Figure 26 Window Trigger e Slope Trigger The trigger occurs when the difference between two consecutive samples is greater or lower than a predefined value This is useful for detecting spikes or for detecting high frequency signals The trigger mark is represented on t
31. he screen as two small lines with a separation proportional to the trigger value _ Slope Trigger The difference of two points in the signal is above a value Figure 27 Slope trigger FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 16 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 3 Trigger Hold The trigger hold specifies a time to wait before detecting the next trigger It is useful when the signal can have multiple trigger events occurring close to each other but you only want to trigger on the first one 2 3 4 Post Trigger The oscilloscope is continuously acquiring samples in a circular buffer Once the trigger event occurs the oscilloscope will acquire more samples specified by the Post Trigger value The ability to show samples before or after the trigger is one of the most powerful features of a digital sampling oscilloscope The post trigger is only available on the fast sampling rates Depending on the post trigger settings different parts of a signal can be displayed Consider the signal on figure 28 Figure 28 Sample signal Even though the buffer sample is relatively small any section of the shown figure can be analyzed by varying the post trigger value Examples Post trigger don t acquire more signals after the trigger Only the signals that occurred before the trigger event are shown i Figure 29 Post trigger value equal zero Post trigger 5096 of the sample buffer default setting Half of the buffer
32. in the waveform The persistent mode can also be used to make frequency plots in combination with the AWG frequency sweep 2 6 2 Line Pixel Display This menu item selects the drawing method e Line A line is drawn from one sample to the next e Pixel A single pixel represents a sample The pixel display is useful at slow sampling rates or when used in combination with the persistent mode Figure 46 shows the pixel display Figure 46 Pixel Display 2 6 3 Show scope settings Toggles the display of the scope settings Channel gain and time base 2 6 4 Grid Type There are 4 different grid types No grid Dots for each division Vertical dots represent the scale divisions Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Vertical grid line follow trigger Vertical dots represent the position of the trigger the location of the vertical dots follow the trigger position Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Dot graticule The screen is filled with dots that represent the vertical and horizontal divisions 2 6 5 Flip Display The display orientation is flipped This is useful when mounting the XScope on a panel and the display s orientations is backwards 2 6 6 Invert Display When enabled the display s pixels are inverted the display will have a white background FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 22 XScopes User s
33. ller 8 Digital Inputs Analog Analog Input CH1 Input CH2 Figure 2 XScopes Block Diagram FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 1 XScopes User s Manual About this manual This manual targets both novice and advanced users providing a full resource for everyone However for a full understanding of the operation of the XScopes the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope The features documented in this manual are for units with firmware version 2 24 Conventions XScope Xprotolab Xminilab Xprotolab Portable or Xminilab Portable Portables Xprotolab Portable or Xminilab Portable CH1 Analog Channel 1 CH2 Analog Channel 2 CHD Logic Inputs Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster time base Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower time base Helpful tip A Warning Technical Detail Manual Revision History e a f 4 Version Date Notes 2 0 August 2012 Added a chapter with examples 2 1 September 2012 Documented the Frequency Counter 2 2 September 2012 Updated Frequency Counter 2 3 April 2013 Updates to the protocol interface and minor corrections 2 4 April 2013 Added Xprotolab Portable specific information 2 5 June 2013 Added precautions in section 1 2 2 2 6 August 2013 Added information about the FRAME and INDEX variables 2 7 August 2013 Added information 5 maximum clock 2 8 September 2013 Added information about new features 2 9 September 2013 Added Xminilab Porta
34. ltimeter and want to try to fix yourself check the following voltages If any of the voltages are wrong there might be a defective part e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V If the unit is powered with e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V e Voltage at 3 3V should be between 43 2 and 3 4V Voltage at pin 8 of U3 should be between 2 00 and 2 09V more than 5 5V the negative voltage generator would be the first component to get damaged If all fails and if the device is under warranty you can send it back for repairs S DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 40 XScopes User s Manual 12 XScope Design 12 1 System Architecture The XScope uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller Figure 75 shows the XScope s Architecture block diagram Timer TCC1 Timer TCCO Post System Timer TCEO Architecture For ADC Trigge lt he A di Analog Y CHO Gain j OLED Input CHO Stage CHO Display Analog Input CH1 Digital Inputs AWG amplifier USB 1 1 1 1 1 1 For DAC Timer TCD1 for refresh A E Switches ATXMEGA32A4 nn Figure 75 XScopes Architecture Block Diagram A DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 41 XScopes User s M
35. me as the power source minus 60mA 5V Approximately 50mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 3 3V Approximately 200mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 7 What is the maximum frequency that can measure with the XScope The analog bandwidth is set at 200kHz However you can still measure frequencies up to almost Nyquist 2 i e 1MHz The FFT analysis will be particularly useful when measuring high frequencies 8 Can measure voltages above 20V The portable XScopes can use a 3 5mm to BNC adapter and then you could use a standard 10 1 probe On the non portable devices you can add 9Mohm resistor in series to the input Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm the voltage will is divided by 10 This is the equivalent of using a 10 1 probe 9 Are the logic inputs 5V tolerant Only on the Portable devices On the non portable variants the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant An easy solution would be to place a 3K resistor in series with the 5V signal this will work for signals with a frequency lower than 200kHz Another solution would be to use a voltage translator chip such as the 74LVC245 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 39 XScopes User s Manual 10 The source code says evaluation version can get the full version The full source code is currently not open The evaluation source code does not contain the MSO application but the source cod
36. ons Bit Field 8bit_ FFT Options Bit Field 8bi 22 Range 0 32767 Indicates how many samples to O 0 1 1 CH2 2 9 10 External Trigger 0 Noise 1 Sine 2 Square 3 Triangle 4 Custom 40 desired LLB 41 AWG Desired Frequenc Unsigned 32bit d y multiplied by 100 Range 100 12500000 1Hz to 125kHz Table 10 Xscope s settings FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 29 XScopes User s Manual 6 2 1 Bitfield variables Bit Chanelon CHictrl _ CH2ctrj Bit4 invertchannel O Bit 5 Average samples Bit Chanelon pe Bit 4 Invert channel Bit 5 Serial Decode Bit 6 Parallel Decode Bit 7 ASCII Sniffer display Bit O Normal Trigger Bit 2 Auto Trigger Bit 3 Trigger Direction tr ger 5 Slope Trigger Bit 6 Window Trigger Bit 0 Roll Scope Bit 1 Automatic Cursors Bit 2 Track Cursors Bit 5 Vertical Cursoron Bit 6 Reference wavefoemon _Bit 7 Single Sniffer Capture 00 No Grid 01 Dots per division 10 Follow trigger 11 Graticule _Bit 2 Elastic Display Bit 3 Invert Display it Flip Bit 5 Persistent Display Bit 7 Show Settings MR DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 30 XScopes User s Manual Bit 0 Hamming Window Bit 1 Hann Window Only one window m
37. ooth sweep set the scope with a high speed sampling or stop the oscilloscope FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 26 XScopes User s Manual 4 1 Predefined Waveforms Triangle Wave Exponential Table 8 AWG Preprogrammed Waveforms The XScope can output the following waveforms Sine Square Triangle and Exponential There is a Periodic Noise option that fills the AWG buffer with random data it is periodic because the same data is output over and over but each time the Noise wave is selected new random data will be generated There is also a custom waveform which is initially set with an ECG wave but can be changed with the PC XScope Interface 4 2 Parameter Sweep The XScope has a SWEEP feature which increases one or more parameter values automatically on each screen refresh of the oscilloscope When the sweep is enabled three dots will appear at the bottom of the screen representing the start end and current sweep value When doing a Frequency sweep the frequency range is determined by the current time base Since the frequency sweep is synchronized with the oscilloscope displaying perfect frequency plots is easy To make a frequency plot set the mode to FFT and set the display to persistent See section 8 6 for an example 4 2 1 Sweep Modes In the Sweep Mode menu the sweep direction can be changed Automatic change of the direction is done by enabling the Ping Pong mode The sweep acceleration incre
38. op Bits One Handshaking None Table 9 Serial settings Figure 54 Xprotolab PC interface Parity None 6 Interface Protocol ms 01011011 The XScope can communicate to external devices thru the USB or the external port Each interface can access the Xscope s main settings Follow the protocols to make your own applications or to make devices that attach to the XScope 6 1 Interface settings The settings for communicating with the serial port are shown in Table 9 If using the USB interface you can use WinUSB or LibUSB libraries The USB device s endpoints have a size of 64 bytes The device uses BULK IN transfers on endpoint 1 for transferring data 770 bytes in SCOPE mode CH1 CH2 CHD FRAME and INDEX 1289 bytes in SNIFFER mode BULK OUT transfers on endpoint 1 to write to the AWG RAM buffer 256 bytes and CONTROL READ transfers on endpoint O for changing and reading settings The FRAME and INDEX are variables used to check the flow of the data They are also needed if you want to implement the ROLL mode The FRAME will increase whenever a full buffer has been acquired For the fast sampling rates this will occur all the time Ideally when you read data the FRAME will increment by 1 every time If you see that the FRAME has incremented by more than 1 then you are not reading data fast enough and missing frames of data In the slow sampling rates since you can read faster than the acquisition the FRAME will help you det
39. ored for each decoded line Table 7 shows the SPI configuration FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 25 XScopes User s Manual 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator lt The XScope has an embedded arbitrary waveform generator The waveform generator output is independent from the data acquisition and is always running in the background You can adjust all the parameters of the waveform frequency amplitude offset and duty cycle You can sweep the frequency amplitude and duty cycle Figure 53 shows the AWG Menus AWG Sweep Menu 2 sup cin COC reis AWG Sweep Menu a ewm CIC Wave Type 2 CN Exponential Wave Adjust Frequency Adjust Amplitude Adjust Duty Cycle Adjust Offset Amplitude Duty Cycle Decrease Frequency Decrease Amplitude p Decrease Duty Cycle Increase Frequency Increase Amplitude Increase Duty Cycle Figure 53 AWG Menus Sweep Speed Sweep Mode Increase Speed Sweep Range AWG Sweep Range Sweep Frequency Select Range Sweep Amplitude Decrease range Sweep Duty Cycle Increase range Waveform Type Adjust Amplitude Sweep Options Adjust Duty Cycle Adjust Offset Adjust Frequency Decrease Offset Increase Offset T P When adjusting the parameters the K1 button serves as a shortcut key which sets predefined values When enabling the Sweep the waveform will be updated only on a screen refresh For a sm
40. ors Figure 43 Horizontal Cursors When the automatic cursors are enabled the device will try to automatically make measurements on the wavetorm e Vertical Cursors The device will try find a full or half cycle of the selected waveform If both CH1 and CH2 are enabled the channel with the most amplitude will be used e Horizontal Cursor The selected horizontal cursor will be set with the maximum and minimum points of the waveform 2 5 4 Track Horizontal Cursors When Track is enabled the location of the horizontal cursor will track the signal located on the vertical cursor 2 5 5 Reference Waveform A snapshot is taken of the analog waveforms to be used as reference waveforms the captured waveforms stay on the screen The reference waveforms are stored in non volatile memory 2 5 6 Cursors in XY Mode When the XY mode is active the vertical cursors are disabled and the pair of horizontal cursors represent the X and Y position Figure 44 Cursors in XY Mode FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 21 XScopes User s Manual 2 6 Display Settings These menus control various characteristics of the display Figure 45 shows the display menus Display Menu More Display Options wenn memos _ nvert Display Figure 45 Display menus 2 6 1 Persistent Display When the persistent display is enabled the waveform traces are not erased The persistent display is useful as a simple data logger or to catch glitches
41. puts USB Port Input Coupling Switch Analog Inputs Arbitrary Waveform External Trigger Curve Tracer Switch USB Port rtable curve AC DC AC DC Xprotolab d Device Charging m v E Figure 7 Xprotolab Portable Portable Curve Tracer Switch External Trigger Arbitrary Waveform Analog Inputs MENU Power button j Input Coupling Switch Device Charging Digital Inputs 31901 tees 9 4 ONS Figure 8 Xminilab Portable 1 2 1 Input Coupling Switch The coupling switch is electrically placed between the input connector and nins Hao the oscilloscope s input amplifier The switch selects a direct path for DC or AC Se AMPLIFIER measurements or path thru a capacitor for AC only measurements 100nF Figure 9 Input Coupling Switch 1 2 2 Curve Tracer Switch This switch connects the AWG to the input channels this is used in particular for creating V l curve traces An example of setting the device for curve tracing is showed in section 8 5 AA 100k Do not connect CH2 to a voltage ini Sgen X source while the CURVE switch is on p Damage to the device will occur Figure 10 Curve Tracer Switch 1 2 3 MENU Power button The device is powered on by pressing the MENU button To power off press the MENU button for 2 seconds Some of the device modes disable this command so to power off set the device in Scop
42. quickly differentiate a O from a J E FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 23 XScopes User s Manual 3 5 Parallel Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the 8 bit digital input lines The hexadecimal number is shown below the last digital trace If all the 8 digital traces are enabled 5 then there is no space to show the parallel decoding Figure 48 shows an example of the parallel decoding with 4 logic lines enabled 3 6 Serial Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the stream of bits on each channel The decoding starts at the first vertical cursor and ends at the second vertical cursor 8 bits are decoded If the cursors are disabled then the decoding is done from the start of the screen to the end The data can be decoded MSB first or LSB first depending on the position of the first vertical cursor 3 7 Protocol Sniffer When the XScope is in Sniffer mode and before any data is received a brief 00 01 02 z 04 BO Hi DE 75 06 07 08 09 EG text appears on the screen to indicate where to hook up the signals As soon as data is received the data is displayed in pages There are 16 pages of data To browse thru the pages use the buttons K2 and To stop and start the sniffer press the K1 button Figure 50 shows the device in sniffer mode Figure 50 Sniffer In the UART and SPI sniffers the data can be displayed in HEX or ASCII press K2 and simultaneously to toggle betwe
43. r s Manual 8 XScope s Examples 8 1 Resistor Voltage Divider uv wm o 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 58 10k 4958 0 450 2 Set the device to Meter mode 3 You should see similar voltages as z Figure 59 Meter mode shown on figure 29 Figure 58 Resistor divider Vin R1 R1 R2 Theory of operation The circuit is a voltage divider where Vin is 5V and Vout is the voltage at CH2 Vout 8 2 Measurement of an RC time constant 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 61 PRU 2 Set the time base to 500us div 3 Set the AWG to Square wave 500Hz AV 4 Set the gain on both channels to 2 56V div 5 The display should look similar to figure 60 6 Now set the time base to 16us div 7 Turn off CH1 set the CH2 gain to 1 28V div 8 Adjust the horizontal and CH2 positions so that the rising wave takes most of the screen RECEN 9 Turn on the vertical and CH2 horizontal cursors Figure 63 Half life measurement 10 Enable the cursors TRACK option 11 Set the first vertical cursor at the corner of the wave and the second cursor where the voltage equals OV 12 The display should look like figure 63 The measured time T1 2 69ps is the half life time so RC 99 95us Figure 62 RC Equations Theory of operation Circuit theory shows that if the RC circuit is fed with a step input the output will approach a DC value exponentially figure 62 shows the equation from which we can obtain RC when
44. red off first The K1 button needs to be pressed while powering on the device For the portable devices you need to press K1 and also press the MENU button For the non portable you need to press K1 while connecting the device to the computer with the USB cable Once the XScope enters the bootloader the red LED will be lit and will blink with USB activity The XScope will appear as a new device on the host computer the drivers required are found in the FLIP application folder 9 2 1 FLIP application instructions Loos a 2 Select ATXMEGA32AMU in the device selection list 3 Select USB as communication medium gt bo de 4 Open the USB port to connect the target buf ATxmega32A4U 5 Make sure the FLASH buffer is selected and check ages pls Pr fs id ERASE BLANK CHECK PROGRAM VERIFY ge 0x0 8 Device Boot 145100 00 6 Load the HEX file hex od E aor dez 7 Press RUN Reset Before Loading 8 Press SELECT EEPROM Z Program HEX File 9 Load the HEX file eep 10 Uncheck ERASE and BLANK CHECK only leave Zi Verify AIMEL checked PROGRAM and VERIFY 11 Press RUN 7 Reset 12 Press START APPLICATION USB ON 13 After updating the firmware the device will enter Figure 74 Flip application the calibration function on the first power up See section 1 6 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 38 XScopes User s Manual 10 Frequen
45. rying the horizontal position allows exploring the full buffer Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Single samples are acquired and simultaneously displayed on the display o TheROLL mode waveform scrolls to the left during acquisition is only available with the slow sampling o All256 samples are visible on the display each vertical line will have at least two samples 2 1 3 Explore Wave The horizontal position can be varied on the Fast Sampling time bases There are 256 samples for each channel but only 128 are displayed on the screen When the acquisition is stopped the full sample buffer can be explored with the K2 and K3 buttons Pressing K2 and K3 simultaneously on the default menu will center the horizontal position When setting the XY mode the graph can be moved vertically Section 2 4 1 3 2 1 4 Auto Setup The Auto Setup feature will try to find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 13 XScopes User s Manual 2 2 Vertical Settings The analog channel controls are discussed in this section Figure 19 shows the Vertical menu flow Main Channel Menu O K2 Position shortcut Channel Menu kt Toggle Channel on off CH1 and CH2 have identical settings aj CES channel Math Average Channel Figure 19 Vertical menus Gain Settings
46. tly Asked Questions E 1 What tools do need to develop my own programs on the XScope If you don t need debugging capabilities only a regular cable is needed to program the device If you want to be able to debug your code you need an external debugger such as the AVR JTAGICE mkll or the AVR ONE Software Tools e Integrated Development Environment AVR Studio 4 or Atmel Studio 6 e f using AVR Studio 4 the C compiler is a separate package found in the WinAVR package 2 Can the waveform generator and the oscilloscope run simultaneously Yes the waveform generator runs on the background The AWG uses the DMA so it doesn t need any CPU intervention 3 How do power the non portable XScopes The XScope can be powered thru the micro USB port Alternatively the XScope can be powered by connecting a 5V power supply on the 5V pin Do not connect a 5V power supply and the USB at the same time 4 Can connect the XScope to the computer to control the oscilloscope and get the data Yes you can use the XScope PC Interface A UART to USB cable will be required for old hardware revisions 1 4 and 1 5 5 Can connect the XScope to the computer using the USB for firmware updates Yes Only the old hardware revisions 1 4 and 1 5 need programmer for firmware updates 6 How much power can the non portable XScopes supply The XScope can also power external devices This is the maximum current on each voltage 5V Will be the sa
47. ude Figure 36 shows the XScope in Spectrum Analyzer Mode The Nyquist frequency is shown on the top right corner of the display e If only interested in one channel turn off the other channel to maximize the vertical display 2 4 3 1 IQ FFT Mode When the IQ FFT is disabled the XScope calculates two independent 256 point FFTs of the analog channels the Real and Imaginary components of the FFT have the same data The output of the FFT is symmetrical but only half of the result is shown on the display When the IQ FFT is enabled only one FFT is calculated the Real component is filled with the CH1 data and the Imaginary component is filled with the CH2 data The result is a 256 point FFT you can use the horizontal controls described in section 2 1 3 to explore all the data since only 128 points can be shown on the display The IQ FFT is useful to monitor RF Spectrums with the proper hardware mixer 2 4 3 2 Logarithm display The log is useful when analyzing low level components on the signal When analyzing audio it is also very useful as it maps more directly to how humans perceive sound The actual function performed is 16 log gt x Example A bd tee ere Figure 37 Triangle Wave Figure 39 FFT without Log Figure 38 FFT with Log 2 4 3 3 Windows To reduce the spectral leakage an FFT window function can be applied Four FFT window types are available e Rectangular No window applied e Hamming
48. ust be selected or none for No Window Bit 2 Bit2 Blackman Window Bit2 Blackman Window Bit 3 Vertical log MEET Bit 3 Vertical Log CE Bit 5 Bit 5 Scope Mode Bit 6 XY Bite XY Mode EH 7 FFT Bit7 FFT Bit 0 Acceleration Direction Bit 1 Accelerate Sweep O Bit 2 Sweep Direction O sweep Bit3 PingPongMode Bit 4 Sweep Frequency Bit 5 Sweep Amplitude J O Bit 6 Sweep Offset O Bit 7 Sweep Duty Cycle O UART Sniffer Baud Rates Bit6 XY Mode Multiple modes can be selected simultaneously If no bits are Bit 7 FFT 566 the Meter mode is displayed Bit 1 Baud 1 000 1200 001 2400 010 4800 011 9600 Bit 2 Baud 2 100 19200 101 38400 110 57600 111 115200 Bit 3 Uart O UART Data bits Sniffer Bit 4 Uart 1 00 5 Bits 01 6 Bits 10 7 Bits 11 8 Bits MStatus Table 11 Bitfield variable description 6 3 Command Set When using the serial port the commands are sent to the XScope in ASCII format further data sent or received is in binary When using the USB interface the commands are sent as CONTROL READ requests where the packet s request byte is the command and the packet s Index and Value are additional parameters sent to the XScope If the PC is requesting data it will be returned in the endpoint O IN buffer Table 12 shows the XScope Interface Protocol Command Set FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 3
49. xternal programmer esses eene nennen snas 37 9 1 1 TOONS m 37 9 7 INSTUCHONS TOS IGN TINS TOO Sai 37 Pleo AASTUCHONS TO Te WO Susi te uices t pibe ti 37 9 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloadler eese nennen nnne 38 2 225 SISTE UI REMIS 38 922 MS OC eo PE 38 9 2 1 AU les Rm 38 Frequenily Asked QUESTIONS ninia ds 39 SS O tdi 40 A SCOPE 6 TEE ELTON UNT 41 12 ao la 4 A e 42 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 6 XScopes User s Manual 1 General Overview eS 1 1 Xprotolab 4 Xminilab Pin Description 01234567 GND CH2 AWG EXT T y 3 3V SY Figure 3 Xminilab HW 2 1 amp 2 2 Front Signals 2 AWG Figure 4 Front and Signals micro 77 USB 155432101 Mov eem 5 Hb TREET Logic GND 5V 01234567 Figure 5 Back Signals CH1 CH2 AWGEXT T Logic 3 3V 5V Figure 6 Xminilab HW 2 3 Front Signals Name Description Comment reduce voltage offset errors Table 1 Pin description GND FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 7 XScopes User s Manual 1 2 Xprotolab Portable and Xminilab Portable Overview MENU Power button Digital In
50. y its buffers and then send the buffers in bursts When using slow sampling rates the PC app will need to keep track of time as the samples will arrive with no time reference oend waveform data G character which signals the PC that the device is Serial interface only ready Then the PC sends the data 256 bytes Sets the desired Post Trigger value 16bits Then the device sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received C Request BMP 128x64 Monochrome BMP using the XModem Serial interface only protocol A A Table 12 XScope Command Set 6 4 Vendor ID and Product ID If you are using LibUSB to interface with the device you need VID 16D0 PID 06F9 If you are using WinUSB you will need the GUID defined on the driver s inf file GUID 88BAE032 5A81 49f0 BC3D A4FF138216D6 FS DS XScopes 3 1 February 2014 Page 32 A XScopes User s Manual 7 BMP Screen Capture 7 1 send a BMP screen capture to PC You can send a screen capture of the XScope to your PC using HyperTerminal All the screen captures bitmaps in this manual where generated using this method The screen capture is done thru the XScope s serial port e Open HyperTerminal e Entera name for a new connection example scope e Enter the COM port where the device is connected e Select 115200 bits per second 8 data bits Parity None 1 Stop bit Flow control None See figure 55 COMI Properties
51. y to volts vs volts You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Lissajous figures can also be plotted using the XY Mode Component curves can also be plotted see section 8 5 When using the XY modes with a Slow Sampling rate activating the ROLL mode will display a continuous beam You can use the Explore Wave menu to move the graph vertically Figure 34 XY Mode 2 4 2 Meter Mode The XScope can function as a dual digital voltmeter The font used is bigger CHi CH n in meter mode to facilitate reading The available measurements in meter mode 2 765 h 1 3 are Average Voltage DC Peak to Peak Voltage and Frequency A small trace of the analog signals is displayed below the measurements FREQUENCY If there is more than 10mV of voltage the VDC measurement Figure 35 Meter Mode with no signal recalibrate the device s offset Section 1 6 2 4 2 1 Frequency Measurements The device can measure frequencies on any channel analog or digital The measurements on the analog channels are always shown and the trigger source see section 2 3 selects which digital channel to measure Frequency measurements on the analog channels are done using the FFT of the acquired data so measured frequencies have dis
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