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RAMMS 1.3.0

1. 1437 Release T1_release_area_RAMMS_rep shp pesa messy Ee Mu musi_L100 shp Density kg m3 300 0 OXi musi L100 shp Edit release areas apefile 2 Y Always show release area General Display Volumes Region D A ep en Project region information Show additional paramete x extent m 7815495 7839495 Mo Y extent m 1870245 1894245 Z extent m 1556 9 2530 6 Proj area km2 5 760 Figure 6 4 Avalanche panel Display Tab The Display tab B shows parameters that are important for the display colors trans parency of results and polygon shapefiles The Min and Max values as well as the number of colors influence directly the colorbar and the visualization The transparency of the sim ulation results can be changed on the avalanche display panel 0 means no transparency 100 means total transparency see figure below fig 6 5 The colorbar is devided into n nr of colors different colors where the lowest color is normally not displayed The bottom line informs the user of the range of the values that are not displayed in the current visualization only in output mode Volumes Tab The Volumes tab C gives the user information about the release area such as projected release area 3D release area estimated release volume input mode release mass input Pats he WSL Institute for Snow an
2. e You must have Administrator privileges on the target machine If you do not have such privileges the installer cannot modify the system configuration of the machine and the installation will fail Note that you do not need Administrator privileges to run RAMMS afterwards e Read first install afterwards Please read the whole installation process once before you begin the installation CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START 3 2 1 Installation procedure Step 1 Welcome Start the file ramms1 3 0_user_setup exe The Welcome dialog introduces you to the En glish Setup program and will guide you through the installation process Click Next to continue Installing RAMMS RAMMS Welcome to the RAMMS Installation a 1 3 0 This setup program will install RAMMS on your computer Click Cancel if you do not want to install this application Click Next to continue the installation WARNING This program is protected by international copyright law and treaties Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil and criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent of the law Figure 3 1 Installation Welcome dialog window Step 2 Readme Short introduction to RAMMS Click Next to continue ES Installing RAMMS Readme Please read the following information RAMMS 1 3 0 Rapid Mass MovementS RAMMS Rapid Ma
3. 2 222222220 19 Installation Destination directory dialog window 19 General tab of RAMMS preferences 0 0020 0004 21 Avalanche tab of RAMMS preferences 2 2 2 nn 21 RAMMS preferences 2 2 2 u 0 2 Da mn a a wa Ree heine 22 Browse for the correct folder s sos secc mag koa saga Ei aK a a 22 List of Figures 4 1 Project extent area of interest topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 24 42 Example ESRI ASCI Grid ses p s ais a a dr ee EA 25 4 3 Example ASCII X Y Z single space data aooaa a nn 26 4 4 RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Step lof4 28 4 5 Step 1 of the RAMMS project wizard Project information 29 4 6 Window to browse for a new project location 29 4 7 Step 2 of the RAMMS project wizard GIS information 29 4 8 Project coordinates lower left and upper right corner of project area 2010 swisstopo BA091601 cocinar AAA 30 4 9 Step 3 of the RAMMS project wizard Project boundary coordinates 30 4 10 Step 4 of the RAMMS project wizard Project summary 31 4 11 Created project Des eu s ed HE a Dee 34 4 12 Active project with lines and corners for resizing topographic map 92010 Swisstopo BADDIENL u u a rra a a 36 4 13 Active project with rotation axes topographic map 2010 swisstopo BANG Je 2 k e ee EAE OS eK ae es eed G 37 4 14 3D view of example model topographic
4. ommend 2nd order o Mu Xi 1 For a calculation with con stant MuXi values click con stant 2 Enter Mu and Xi values Choose Help gt RAMMS Manuals gt Friction Pa rameter Table PDF or see friction value table in the appendix for an idea of y and l o Release 1 The text field should indicate your release shapefile 2 The estimated release volume is stated in the second text field gt RAMMS Run calculation General Params Mu Xi Release Stop Simulation parameters Grid resolution m 2 0 1 End time s 100 4 2 Dump step s 5 4 3 Density kgim3 300 0 4 Numerical parameters Numerical scheme SecondOrder Y 4 5 H cutoff 0 00010 el cancel run CALCULATION Figure 5 2 Calculation parame ters 7 RAMMS Run calculation General Params Mu Xi Release Stop Mu Xi friction parameters Choose Mu Ximode E constat variable Constant values Xi m s2 2000 Muc 0 20 el cancer run CALCULATION Figure 5 3 Friction values MuXi amp RAMMS Run calculation General Params Mu Xi Release Stop Release parameters Release shapefile D user RAMMS_projects small_aval_Dorfberg_release_rep st Estimated Release Volume m3 2082 7573 el cancel run CALCULATION ma Figure 5 4 Release information res WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research
5. 83 Track 78 Panel 78 Status bar 78 Time step slider 78 Toolbar buttons 78 GRASS Advanced 86 GRASS Logfiles 86 I Import Forest Area From ASCII Grid 82 Import Forest Area From SHAPEFILE 82 Import GIS Polygon Shapefile 86 Install CYGWIN GRASS 80 Installation 5 L Licensing Methods 10 Load MuXi file 47 Release file 40 Load Existing Domain 81 Load Existing MuXi File 81 Load Existing Release Area 81 M Main window 91 Map Add 55 Change 55 Load new 55 Map Options 87 Max Flow Height 85 Max Momentum 85 Max Pressure 85 Max Velocity 85 Move 36 O Open Input file 74 Output file 74 Shapefile 74 Orthophoto Add 55 Change 55 Load new 56 P Panel Avalanche Panel 92 Display 92 General 92 Region 92 Transparency 93 Volumes 92 Point 87 viii RAMMS User Manual Index Preferences 20 22 79 Set DEM directory 20 Set FOREST directory 20 Set Map directory 20 Set Orthophoto directory 20 Set Working directory 20 22 Profile 87 Project Create new 28 General 23 Information 53 Input data 24 Model input data 24 Scenarios 23 Wizard 27 R RAMMS Logfile current 79 RAMMS Logfile last session 79 Release area 40 Create manually 40 Load 40 Release information 44 shapefile 40 Release information 26 Reload Position 87 Remove Active Forest Cover 82 Resample Slope Curvature 86 Resize 36 Results 63 Flow height 63
6. Flow momentum 63 Flow pressure 63 Flow velocity 63 Line profile 63 64 Max values 63 64 Time plot 64 Run calculation Calculation Domain 45 Constant 57 Variable 63 S Save automatically 73 manually 73 Save Active Position 87 Shapefile Load 74 Show Active Forest Cover 82 Show Contour Plot 86 Show Curvature 86 Show MuXi Classification 81 Show Slope Angle 86 Status bar Left 92 Right 92 System Requirements 5 T TFW files 55 Toolbar Horizontal 89 Vertical 91 Transparency 93 V View and Edit Release Area 81 W world files 55 wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF ix
7. please wait xi a ERa Si Finished searching for maps x A GRASS function Import the DEM file GRASS function Import the FOREST file and export the file forest5m asc GRASS function Export the file Examplel xyz with the to pographic data Reading topographic data x y and z coordinates Analysing the topography and calculating curvature and slope angles Preparing topography for dis playing in RAMMS Searching georeferenced maps in the Maps Folder 32 RAMMS User Manual 4 3 THE PROJECT WIZARD gij Choose map Xx ound several possible map files X Dim Y Dim Size MB mms Maps exampll gross tif 3661 3661 25 6549 Al C Programme ramms Maps example1 tif 3261 2461 15 8637 4 gt Load selected map RAMMS Cropping map Es 2 ATTENTION map area is much larger than your region Do you wish to crop the map If you do not crop the map the quality can be poor ij Finished searching for images RAMMS Searching images x No image found continue search von If more than one map was found the user can select a map If the map is much bigger than the project region the user can crop the map to im prove the quality of the map visualization Searching georeferenced maps in the Orthophoto Folder If no image was found the user can specify another folder or abort the process wa he WSL Institute for
8. where a dam should be considered Exercise 5 3 a How to create a new DEM to simulate a dam o Create a polygon release area where a dam is supposed to be build o Create a second inner polygon if you wish to have a two stage dam o Goon GIS GRASS gt Add DAM to DEM o You will be asked to Open dam file rel Select the shapefile you want to use as the outer edge of the dam o The question pops up if you want to Open 2nd dam shapefile inner poly gon e Click No to continue with the next step e Click Yes to choose 2nd dam file rel o Next step is to Enter TOTAL elevation height of dam m This is the elevation masl of the dam crest o If you loaded an inner polygon file you will be asked to Enter intermediate height m as well o At last you have to Enter new DEM name Your new DEM containing the dam is created in the folder set as DEM directory RAMMS preferences al End of exercise 5 3 a To run a simulation based on the new created DEM you first have to create a new project Do almost exactly the same as if creating a regular project without the dam information The only important difference is that you have to choose the correct DEM file manually during step 2 of the project wizard 70 RAMMS User Manual 5 3 EXTRAS en Ten TS E A AA AN AES EI e Avalanche beeing stopped by 5 15 igure F topographic map 20
9. Add Change Image 87 Add Change Map 87 Avalanche wizard 28 B Backup Active Project 79 Backup RAMMS Version 79 Backup User Defined Files Folders 79 C Calculation Domain 45 Colorbar 92 Edit 49 Convert Shapefile 86 Create New MuXi File Automatic Pro cedure 81 Crop Release Areas 81 D Dam 70 72 DEM Create new 70 72 Draw New Calculation Domain 81 Draw New Forest Area 82 Draw New Release Area 81 dump step slider 91 E Edit Colorbar Properties 80 Edit Dataspace Properties 80 Exit 80 Export Display To EPS 79 Export Display To Image File 79 Export GIF Animation 79 Export Result To Google Earth 87 Export Results As ASCII Grid 86 Export Results As Shapefile 86 F File management 95 Files tfw 55 world 55 Flow Height 85 Flow height 63 Max flow height 63 Flow Momentum 85 Flow momentum 63 Max momentum 63 Flow Pressure 85 Flow pressure 63 Max pressure 63 Flow Velocity 85 Flow velocity 63 Max velocity 63 Forest 51 Create FOREST file 51 Influence on friction parameters 51 Forest information 25 Friction parameter 46 Create new MuXi file 47 vil List of Exercises Load MuXi file 47 Mu 46 Xi 46 Friction Parameters 85 G Global Parameters 81 Global parameters 26 39 Graphical User Interface 78 Colorbar 78 Main window 78 Menu bar 78 Edit 80 Extras 87 GIS GRASS 86 Help 88 Input 80 Project 88 Results 84 Run 84 Show
10. OD RAMMS A marina cic Neuen Ordner erstellen Abbrechen Figure 3 17 Choose Cygwin GRASS installation directory wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 15 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START e The files are now being extracted to the directory you specified before Please be patient because this can take a while md exe c C Programme RAMMS bin 7za exe x tzip cygwin bin conjure exe cygwin bin cony exe cygwin bin convert exe cygwin bin core li cygwin bin corelist5 18 8 cygwin bin cp exe cygwin bin cpan cygwin bin cpan2dist cygwin bin cpan2dist5 18 8 cygwin bin cpan5 18 8 cygwin bin cpanp cygwin bin cpanp run perl cygwin bin cpanp run per15 18 8 cygwin bin cpanp5 18 8 cygwin bin cpansign cygwin bin cpantest cygwin bin 32 cygwin bin cygwin bin cygwin bin cygwin bin cut exe Extract ing Extracting Extracting Extract ing Extracting Extract ing Extracting Extracting Extract ing Extracting Extracting Extracting Extracting Extract ing Extracting Extracting Extract ing Extracting Extracting Extracting Extracting Extract ing Extracting Extracting Extract ing cygwin bin c yghz2 1 d11 cygwin bin cygcheck exe eygwin bin cygerypt B dll cygwin bin cygerypto 9 9 8 d11 Programme RAMMS Temp Cygwi ox Figure 3 18 Cygwin GRASS Extract files e To finish our installation of Cygwin GRASS we have to update the Windows reg istry with the Cygwin
11. Profile Draw New Line Profile o Click the middle mouse button once o A window pops up and you can browse for the line profile you wish to open End of exercise 5 2 b Exercise 5 2 c How to create a time plot a Select time plot point o Click or choose Extras Point Choose Point o Click into the map at the point where you want to create a time plot o A window opens displaying the time plot a the point of interest active param eter vs time EJ RAMMS AYALANCHE Time Plot Flow height m 3 101 x File Edit Insert Operations Window Help Dlelals l lee Kool a for AlNlololele Flow height m e 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time s dumpstep Click on item to select or click amp drag selection box 706 310 Figure 5 13 Time plot window saM he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 67 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS o To save the point coordinates choose Extras Point Save Point Loca tion and enter a file name o To save the time plot data time in s and the active paramter e g the flow height for every dump step choose Extras Point Export Point Plot Data and enter a file name b Load a time plot o To reopen the time plot graph window of the last selected point go on Extras Point Create Point Time Plot o To open an arbitrary time plot that was saved anytime before click a o Click the middle mo
12. SLF 59 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS o Stop 1 The stopping criteria in RAMMS is based on the momentum In classical mechanics momentum SI unit kgm s or equivalently Ns is the product of the mass 7 RAMMS Run calculation and velocity of an object p General Params Mu Xi Release Stop mv For every DUMP Program termination parameters The stopping criteria in RAMMS is based on the momentum In S TEP h classical mechanics momentum SI unit kgmis or equivalently Ns is the product of the mass and velocity of an object p mv For y we sun t e moment a every DUMP STEP we sum the momenta of all grid cells and f ll pi ll compare it with the maximum momentum sum If this percentage is lower than a user defined threshold value see below the program Or a grid cells and compare is aborted and the avalanche is regarded as stopped Threshold values between 1 10 are reasonable but this is only a it wit h t he maximum momen suggestion and must be validated by the individual user himself tum sum If this percent age Percentage of total momentum 5 00 is lower than a user defined threshold value see below el cancer run CALCULATION the program is interrupted and the avalanche is re Figure 5 5 Stop criteria garded as stopped Threshold values between 1 10 are reasonable but this is only a suggestion and must be validated by the individual user hi
13. Slope Angle Show Curvature 1 m Show Contour Plot Resample Slope Curvature GRASS Advanced GRASS Logfiles Import a ESRI GIS polygon shapefile Converts a normal polygon shape file into a RAMMS release file or a RAMMS forest file makes only sense in the input mode This function Export the active results to an ESRI GIS shapefile for later use in a GIS pro gram Export the active results to an ESRI ASCII Grid for later use in a GIS pro gram Adds a Dam to the DEM You have to specify relative Dam height or absolute Dam elevation Display the slope angles Display the curvatures Display a contour plot Normally slope and curvatures are cal culated for a grid resolution of 10m You can change this resolution by using this function These are advanced GRASS functions You should only use them if you know what you are doing Logfiles of allthe GRASS functions are provided here If your MuXi file looks strange have a look at the MuXi Log file 4 86 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI Extras Add Change or Remove map Add Change or Remove Imagery Point Profile Save Active Position Reload Position Google Earth Map Options Add or change the topographic map of your project The maps have to be located in your distribution s Map folder see section 3 5 for details If not you can browse for the maps Add chan
14. Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 33 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS The following files will be created in the project folder File Edit View Favorites Q e amp E Search Es Folders E Address C Data Example1 E B My Documents E 3 My Computer gq 31 Floppy A se Local Disk C Data en Example1 DO Test E Test2 D Documents and Settings O Program Files amp a Programme a Temp WINDOWS QS CD Drive D 2 scratch on k2 wsl ch T ES eG Control Panel E Shared Documents Marc s Documents e 9 My Network Places 2 Recycle Bin File Folder Help Name doc arassloc Dlogfiles shell grassrc6 dhm asc Examplei av2 Examplei dom j Example1 xyz j Example1_dom dbf E Example1_dom shp Example1_dom shx 4 ForestSm asc E Forest_for dbf E forest_for shp E Forest_for shx Size Type File Folder File Folder File Folder File Folder GRASSRC6 File ASC File ANZ File DOM File XYZ File DBF File SHP File SHX File ASC File DBF File SHP File SHX File JPE Date Modified 28 02 2010 17 08 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 28 02 2010 17 40 Figure 4 11 Created project files Purpose
15. Track is used to open close save print backup and export files New Project Wizard x Start a new project guided by the avalanche wizard Ctrl w New Convert XYZ gt ASCII Grid Convert laser scanning data into a ESRI ASCII grid Open gt Input File 78 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI Open an existing input file av2 Ctrl O Open Avalanche Simulation i Open existing avalanche simulation select the folder containing the simulation files Ctrl A Close a Close active file input or output Save al Save active file Ctrl S Save Copy As Save a copy of the active file e g test av2 under a new name e g simulation1 av2 works only in input mode But RAMMS stays with the active file test av2 Export Export Display To Image File Create a Image of the active window in a chosen formate You can chose the desired image format using the file extension e g png jpg gif tif etc Export Export GIF Animation Create a GIF Animation of the simulation only in OUTPUT mode Change GIF Animation Interval s in the Avalanche tab of the preferences Export Export Display To EPS Create an EPS file of the active window Backup Backup RAMMS Version Make a backup of the current RAMMS version Backup Backup Active Project Backup your active project The user will be asked if he wants to include output files in the
16. e To proceed with the installation you must accept this License Agreement Please read it carefully AS RAMMS General Licence Agreement A Please read the following general licence agreement carefully If you do not agree with the conditions do not install the RAMMS software The licence fee will be returned to you By installing the RAMMS software you accept the following contract conditions 4 PROGRAM RAMMS 1 RAMMS is a program developed by WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF The functions of the program are described in the handbook delivered with the program 2 RAMMS and the handbook are protected by copyright All rights are reserved to WSL SLF I agree with the above terms and conditions lt Back Next gt Cancel Figure 3 3 Installation License agreement dialog window Step 4 Select Destination Directory Choose your Destination Directory Simultaneously this dialog shows the amount of space available on your hard disk and required for the installation Beware Do NOT use a blank or special characters within your installation directory path name e g CA Program Files RAMMS is not allowed use CA Programs RAMMS or CA Programme RAMMS instead Click Next to start the installation process F Installing RAMMS Destination folder Select a destination folder where RAMMS will be installed Setup will install files in the following folder If you would like
17. eed 91 6 14 Main window ar 2 area ey A AR eee AS oa eR A SEER Z 91 6 1 5 D mpistepslider se sacras 2 2 80000240 e ee a a a 91 ORO Leit status bar x wo sea an eh ee he aas 92 Gir Riskt stabl s Dal us sos amp ae ans nn 2 a a a a e 92 6 18 Colorbat s sp 2 084544 22 2 440 8b eee oe ab ee oS 92 G9 Panel xe ee needa gna Sad ee eae ee AA Baws 92 6 2 File mah gement 2 bevs eke go ao bee HE a Soe a ee 95 6 2 1 Software RAMMS x zu i464 ehh ke eae eee Be 95 6 2 2 Organizing your data namen eee a eee 95 List of Figures i List of Exercises v ii RAMMS User Manual 1 Introduction In the field of natural hazards there is an increasing need for process models to help un derstand the motion of geophysical mass movements These models allow engineers to predict the speed and mass of hazardous movements in complex terrain Such models are especially helpful when proposing mitigation measures such as avalanche dams or snow sheds Hazard mapping is an especially important application in Switzerland and other mountainous countries While well tested empirical methods are available to deter mine runout distances velocities and flow heights numerical models allow practitioners to predict flow paths in general terrain as well as to model entrainment processes or the breaking effect of forests Numerical models have the advantage that initial and boundary conditions can be prescribed that more exactly represent the physical problem
18. input mode al Run Avalanche Simulation Opens the module parameter window to change parameters and to start the calculation Results This menu contains the results functions and is only active in output mode 84 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI Flow Height Flow Velocity Flow Pressure Flow Momen tum Max Max Flow Height Values Max Velocity Max Pressure Max Momentum DEM Add Deposition to Adaptations gt DEM Flow Summary of Moving Analysis Mass Friction Mu Parameters Shows flow height of the avalanche for every time step Shows flow velocity of the avalanche for every time step Shows flow pressure of the avalanche for every time step Shows flow momentum of the avalanche for every time step Displays the maximum flow height for each cell Displays the maximum veloc ity for each cell Displays the maximum pres sure for each cell Displays the maximum mo mentum for each cell Adds the deposition of an avalanche simulation to a new DEM Summarizes the Moving Mass Display mu for this simula tion Display xi for this simulation wot he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 85 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW GIS GRASS This menu contains GIS and GRASS functions Import Polygon Shapefile Convert Shapefile Export Results As Shapefile Export Results As ASCII Grid Add Dam to DEM Show
19. map 2010 swisstopo BA091601 38 4 15 2D view of example model topographic map 2010 swisstopo BA091601 38 4 16 RAMMS global parameters 0000 ee ee ee ee 39 4 17 Project with emerging release area 2 2 2 o nn 41 4 18 Release area and volume information e o 43 4 19 Release area information window 2 2 En e 44 4 20 Calculation domain in green confines the area of interest and saves calcula LION TIME au a GS Re a ie 45 4 21 RAMMS Voellmy fluid friction model 2 2 2 2 22 nn nn 46 4 22 RAMMS Automatic MuXi Procedure 2 2 222m een 47 4 23 The avalanche Display panel o nn 49 4 24 The colorbar properties window 0000 seas 50 4 25 RAMMS Project Input Log Information 53 4 26 Region extent X Y and Z Coordinates total area 54 4 27 Window to choose map image e 55 5 1 General information lt lt sais e a a Seal A 58 5 2 Calculation Parameters suma ps Bo a ae ew gee a 59 5 3 Friction values MX sa aram ek dod ed a Rae we RR Gow A 59 5 4 Release information 2m Common 59 5 3 POPC ea ia dE A ee 60 5 6 Status window of caleulation s s a s s Hr raus rr a ee RS 61 RAMMS User Manual List of Figures 5 7 Main window in output mode topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 61 5 8 MuXi settings for a variable calculation 5 9 Results Maximum v
20. mouse button for the last polygon point use a double click to finish The user is asked if he wants to draw more forest areas At last he has to specify a new filename for the forest area wa EA WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 89 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW el a 100 AlNjolo e e INPUT 2D Create new domain area specify a new domain polygon by clicking with left mouse button for the last polygon point use a double click to finish A dialogue box will then ask the user for anew domain name e g test OUTPUT 2D Line Profile Select the topography until the Line Profile Button is active Click the button and then move the cursor to the start point of your profile Click the left mouse button and move the cursor to the next position of your profile At the end position of your profile double click with the left mouse button A new window pops up called RAMMS Avalanche Line Profile Plot Active Parameter This line profile plot is linked to your simulation If you change the parameter or if you change the max value in the avalanche panel the changes are adapted in the line profile plot Zoom tools Annotation tools text line rectangle oval polygon freehand 90 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI 6 1 3 Vertical toolbar Add shapefile shp Show hide lights Show hide mesh Show map Show image iS Ls le le INPUT Show hid
21. release 88 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI 6 1 2 Horizontal toolbar G ah IS se E EE Project wizard open avalanche wizard for creating a new avalanche project Open input file Open simulation Save copy as save the active file under a new name input Close close the active file input and output Print displays the Windows print manager Undo Redo Arrow move and resize Rotate Move Simulation Results Choose this function and move the arrow over the topography x y and z Coordinates of the mouse position are shown in the lower right status bar see below OUTPUT If you move the arrow over the simulation data the active parameter is shown as well see right value in the figure below If you click once with the left mouse button at a point of interest a new window pops up called RAMMS Avalanche Time Plot lt Active Parameter gt INPUT 2D Crop Release Areas Click this button to make a selection of the release area polygons you want to crop INPUT 2D View and Edit Release Areas INPUT 2D Create new release area specify new polygon points by clicking with left mouse button for the last polygon point use a double click to finish The user is asked if he wants to draw more release areas At last he has to specify a new filename for the release area INPUT 2D Create new forest area specify new polygon points by clicking with left
22. release areas calculation domain calculation grid resolution end time time step etc can be changed for every scenario 23 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS ve von IIA Upper right corne X max Y me Dig is l P AA ent il N DN OA We as i ner ene corner Y E X min Y min m a 5 ZO SINE NE Figure 4 1 Project extent area of interest topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 4 1 2 Input data There are different kind of data to be provided to successfully perform a calculation with RAMMS Topographic data definition of release area and release mass as well as infor mation about friction parameters are mandatory RAMMS is able to process see Figs 4 2 and 4 3 e ESRI ASCH Grid and e ASCII X Y Z single space data These data types are also available e g from www swisstopo ch Because RAMMS needs the topographic data as an ESRI ASCII Grid ASCII X Y Z data can be converted within RAMMS into an ESRI ASCII Grid 4 2 Model input data 24 RAMMS User Manual 4 2 MODEL INPUT DATA 4 2 1 Topographic data Digital Elevation Model The topographic data is the most important input requirement The simulation results depend strongly on the resolution and accuracy of the topographic input data The to pographic data MUST be provided as an ESRI ASCII Grid No other type is allowed at the moment The user must therefore prepare the topographic data according to this limitation
23. running a constant calculation constant release height and constant friction parameters u and and one for using variable release height and friction parameters 57 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS Exercise 5 1 a How to run a constant avalanche calculation To run a calculation choose Run Run Avalanche Calculation or click al The RAMMS Input Parameters window opens Before clicking RUN CALCULATION you should check the input param eters General Project name Project infos You can change them by simply typing into the field Additional information Cal culation domain file and DEM file Select an output filename amp RAMMS Run calculation General Params Mu Xi Release Stop General simulation information 2 Project name Examplet ae Info Davos constant calculation 5 Additional Information 4 Calculation Domain D user RAMMS _projects Example1 Example1 d Digital Elevation Info D user AAMMS_projects Example1 Example1 E 4 Select OUTPUT filename Example el cancel run CALCULATION Figure 5 1 General information 58 RAMMS User Manual 5 1 RUNNING A CALCULATION o Params 1 Change grid resolution if nec essary 2 Choose end time of simula tion 3 Choose dump step interval 4 Keep the default value for density 5 Change numerical solver 1st or 2nd order scheme we rec
24. sora soatmi aapa p da aaa Moving resizing and changing the view of the model Global paraiieters eou ss seboa na aa aa e Re CE EE A Release areas ar 2 ie re a A oo ee Rit e RA AA A e ees 10 11 11 12 13 17 20 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 35 39 40 Contents Af Waleulation Domain s a s an su aaa wen ada da e 45 4 8 Friction parameters 22m moon 46 4 9 Colorb r 2 24 24 4444 8440 oe ooh ae RR a Ee 49 4 10 Forest 2 24 ee wa aoa a A eS A eee als 51 4 11 Project mformation x lt sarte dee ee ee naar a Bra 53 4 12 Changing maps and remote sensing imagery 59 5 Calculation and Results 57 Dl Running a calculation s sesa sde ctp 24 2 2a 20 a 4a a 57 D2 Results u er a a a RA a A 63 A aha ges ar a tee Both oy a eee Boe tee Fee A 69 5 3 1 Creating an image and a GIF animation 69 583 2 Creatine a dafi zu ae a a a nn RA Sees 70 5 3 3 Creating a new DEM with avalanche deposition 72 5 4 How to save input files and program settings 73 5 5 How to open input and output Hes a os 0 Br sn a wa ni ne 74 5 6 About RAMMS 0 4 doe ak A vun anna da ae SO 75 6 Program Overview 77 6 1 The Graphical User Interface GUI 78 6 1 1 Themenu bar sa a ur ac a ke a a A a wel 78 6 1 2 Horizontal toolbar 24244424664 2856 44 2446 Sipe 89 6 1 3 Vertical toolbar u 26 544 26 4 bbe Ga ee hee ee
25. start window Click on the image It will disappear and RAMMS will start up The following dialog window appears Fig 3 11 RAMMS Licensing gt RAMMS 1 3 0 Licensing Create personal license request file on LICENSE KEY Cancel Figure 3 11 RAMMS licensing window 3 4 1 Personal License Request File Click the button MW to create your personal license request file In Fig 3 12 enter your full name and the name of your company In the next dialogue window choose the destination directory of your personal license request file and save it to your target machine Your personal license request file should look similar to Fig 3 13 wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 11 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START RAMMS 1 3 0 User Information Enter USERHAME and COMPANY NAME Username Company Cancel Figure 3 12 Enter user name and company name fi RAMMS_request_Muster Test txt Editor Datei Bearbeiten Format Username Muster Test Company Test HostID 0d033d4f6c09 Figure 3 13 Personal license request file RAMMS_request_Muster Test txt 3 4 2 Personal License Key How to order a Personal License Key You find an order form on the RAMMS web page at http ramms slf ch Fill in all your personal information choose license period license typ and number of licenses you wish to order attach your personal license request file acc
26. the project summary especially if a DEM and FOREST file was found o To make changes click Pre vious to create the project click Create Project Ex amplel End of exercise 4 3 a RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Project Wizard Step 4 of 4 Project SUMMARY Project type Avalanche Project name Example Project description Davos constant calculation Project location DibuehleryiRAMMS Projectsismall_aval_DorfhberglExample1 DEM file D tbuehleryiRAMMS Projectsismall_aval_DortbergiDEMicomb_dtmavw_ads 40 asc Forest file D buehlery RAMMS Projects small_ayal_Dorfberg FOREST forest asc Grid resolution 2 00000 Project boundary coordinates Xmin WEST 781503 00 Xmax EAST 783997 00 Yimin SOUTH 187003 00 Cancel Previous create Project Example1 Figure 4 10 Step 4 of the RAMMS project wizard Project summary wk he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 31 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS The creation process can take a while Different status bars will pop up and show the progress of the project creation process see table below Progress bar Purpose S Importing DEM please wait xi Cancel 10 fj Importing ASCII forest please wait Cancel S Reading 19200 Z coordinates please waita aiid Cancel 20 i Analysing topography please wait x wi Cancel 10 5 Preparing topography
27. the work ing directory path Map directory Set the folder where you place your georefer enced digital maps consists of a TIFF file and a corresponding tfw file world file Image directory Set the folder where you place your digital georeferenced orthophotos aerial picture con sists of a TIFF file and a corresponding tfw file world file DEM directory Set the folder where you place the Digital Elevation Models format ASCII grid see 4 2 1 on page 25 FOREST directory Set the folder where you place your forest files formats ASCII grid or polygon shapefile 20 RAMMS User Manual 3 5 PREFERENCES e Avalanche tab Setting Purpose Read timesteps Choose between reading ALL or only 1 timestep Default is reading ALL timesteps Nr of colorbar colors Set default nr of colorbar colors GIF Animation interval s Set interval for GIF Animation images Background color Set background color greyscale between 0 black and 255 white Animation delay s Set animation delay to decelerate the animation speed 2 RAMMS Preferences General Avalanche Cygwin directory CAProgrammeiRAMMSA GRASS version grass 6 2 3 Working directory D user AAMMS_projects Map directory DARAMMSAMAPSA Orthophoto directory DRAMMSAIMAGERYA DEM directory D RAMMS DEM FOREST directory D RAMMSYFOREST RAMMS Preferences General Avalanc
28. to install RAMMS into a different folder then click Browse and select another folder Destination folder C ProgrammehRAMMS Space required 197 26MB Space available 26 87GB Cancel Figure 3 4 Installation Destination directory dialog window wa Eher WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 7 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START Step 5 Installing the files RAMMS is copying the files to the destination location and showing the installation progress Installing RAMMS Installing Files Copying RAMMS files to your computer To interrupt or pause the installation process click Cancel Directory C Programme RAMMS IDL71 help copyrights File license txt COCO Cancel Figure 3 5 Installation Installing files dialog window Step 6 Finished installing the files RAMMS finished copying the files Click Next to finish the installation process Installing RAMMS Installing Files Copying RAMMS files to your computer Click Next to continue the installation COCO Figure 3 6 Installation Finished installing files dialog window 8 RAMMS User Manual 3 2 INSTALLATION Step 7 RAMMS Installation finished RAMMS successfully finished the installation Click Finish Installing RAMMS RAMMS has been successfully installed 1 3 0 x ae Sa S D Click Finish to complete the installation Figure 3 7 Installation Finished inst
29. user RAMMS_projects Examplei Example1 av2 Project Example Info Davos constant calculation DEM file D user RAMMS_projectsVExample1 Example1 xyz DEM resolution m 2 00 Nr of nodes 1555009 Nr of quad cells 1552516 Project region extent E Wi 783996 00 781504 00 S N 187002 00 189494 00 CALCULATION DOMAIN D user RAMMS_projects WExample1 Example dom FOREST D ibuehlery RAMMS Projects small_aval_Dorfberg FOREST forest asc RELEASE D buehleryiRAMMS Projectsismall_aval_Dorfbergismall_aval_Dorfbergismall_aval_Dorfberg_re Release heights Release nr 0 0 75m Estimated release volume 2083 m3 FRICTION MUXI Mu 0 0 400 lt Figure 4 25 RAMMS Project Input Log In formation wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 53 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS A AVALANCHE PARAMETER General Display Volumes Region Project region information gt extent m 5920120 596962 0 Y extent m 124027 0 129977 0 Z extent m 891 1 2708 7 Proj area km2 29 453 Figure 4 26 Region extent X Y and Z Coordinates total area To view the project coordinates click the region tab in your avalanche panel The region tab lists X and Y Coordinates of the lower left min values and upper right max values corner this are the coordinates you entered when creating the project as well as the global minimum and maximum of altitude Z value The X and Y Co
30. velocity gt Max pressure A 0 00 50 00 10 Max pressure kPa Figure 5 9 Results Maximum values of flow height left velocity middle and pressure right topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 End of exercise 5 2 a 64 RAMMS User Manual 5 2 RESULTS Exercise 5 2 b How to draw a line profile a Draw a new line profile o o o Switch to 2D mode by clicking gt Activate the project by clicking on it once then click 1 or choose Extras Profile Draw New Line Profile Define the line profile in the same way you specify a new release area Finish the line profile with a double click with the left mouse button A window opens displaying the line profile Se RAMMS AYALANCHE Line Profile Plot Max height m joj xj File Edit Insert Operations Window Help Deals Allee Role a p AlN ololele 25 15 Max height m Altitude m o Roo 0 100 200 300 400 Distance m KI Click on item to select or click amp drag selection box 134140 Figure 5 10 Line profile plot filled grey area active parameter scale on left side red line active parameter multiplied by 50 added to the track profile alti tude scale on the right side black line track profile altitude scale on the right side bottom scale projected profile distance in m If you change the active parameter min or max values or the dump ste
31. 0 00 799 25 679038 00 236500 00 799 50 679040 00 236500 00 799 82 Dr cken Sie F1 um die Hilfe aufzurufen Figure 4 3 Example ASCII X Y Z single space data If no such files are available the user can draw a polygon shapefile in RAMMS and import it as forest information see section 4 10 on page 51 4 2 3 Release information The definition of release areas and release heights have a very strong impact on the results of RAMMS simulations Therefore we recommend to use reference information such as photography GPS measurements or filed maps to draw release areas This should be done by people with experience concerning the topographic and meteorological situation of the investigation area Users have to draw their own release polygon shapefiles see section 4 6 on page 40 All release informations are saved as polygon shapefiles and can be easily imported in GIS Software e g ArcGIS Shapefiles created in e g ArcGIS can be imported into RAMMS by using GIS GRASS Convert Shapefile Polygon Shapefile to RAMMS Release Shapefile 4 2 4 Global parameters The two global parameters return period and avalanche volume category influence the classification of the friction information 26 RAMMS User Manual 4 3 THE PROJECT WIZARD 4 2 5 Friction information An automatic RAMMS procedure calculates friction values based on topographic data analysis slope angle altitude and curvature forest information an
32. 10 Swisstopo a dam BA091601 top Figure 5 14 Project before and after bottom creating a dam topographic map 92010 Swisstopo BA091601 71 ns WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF woke CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS 5 3 3 Creating a new DEM with avalanche deposition In case you wish to simulate an avalanche flowing down over an old avalanche you should take into acount the deposition of the first avalanche because the path of the second avalanche will be influenced by the changed terrain In output mode RAMMS provides the option of adding the snow height of an avalanche at an arbitrary dump step to the DEM A new project can be created based on the updated DEM Exercise 5 3 b How to add avalanche deposition to new DEM o The deposition height of the avalanche varies with time So first run the simu lation to the specific dump step o Goto Results gt DEM Adaptations gt Add Deposition to DEM o Enter a new name for the new DEM o The new DEM containing the deposition information is created To run a simulation based on this DEM create a new project and manually choose the DEM file during step 2 of the wizard as explained above for the dam End of exercise 5 3 b 72 RAMMS User Manual 5 4 HOW TO SAVE INPUT FILES AND PROGRAM SETTINGS 5 4 How to save input files and program settings Once a project is created it is saved under the name an
33. 6 b How to load an existing release area 2 o 42 4 6 c Specify release height and view release information 44 4 8 8 How to create a new MuXi file 2 266 bee ek Ran ee 48 4 8 b How to load an existing MuXi file s sacs s popok on on nn 48 4 Ove Editing the colorbar sos die ee Boh ae Re a Dr ea Bi me 49 4 10 a How to create a new FOREST file 52 4 12 a How to add or change Maps cos 2 tan a Marsa eie hee 55 4 12 b How to add or change remote sensing imagery 56 5 1 a How to run a constant avalanche calculation o 58 5 1 b How to run a variable MuXi avalanche calculation 62 52 8 Displaying max values a u u une lc eek ee dd 64 5 2 b How to draw a line proble u 2 an u Ba a wa a ana Bee 65 5 2 0 How to create a time plot u 402 a Me beg en a ri ea Be es 67 5 2 d Enter point coordinates and get a time plot 68 5 3 a How to create a new DEM to simulate a dam 70 5 3 b How to add avalanche deposition to a new DEM 72 List of Exercises 5 4 a How to save input files and program settings manually 73 boat How to open an iaput dle iv poia ann dr a ea he 74 5 5 b How to open an output file avalanche simulation 74 5 5 c How to load an optional shapefile 2 2 Emm nennen 74 vi RAMMS User Manual Index A Add Dam to DEM 86
34. 73 46 1675 46 1676 1677 78 1678 67 1679 57 1679 57 1679 84 1681 56 1682 27 1682 71 168 7 au gt Dr cken Sie F1 um die Hilfe aufzurufen NF Figure 4 2 Example ESRI ASCII Grid An ESRI ASCII GRID can be created in ArcGIS with the function Arc Toolboz Conversion Tools From Raster Raster to ASCII It is possible to import ASCII X Y Z single space data and convert the data into an ESRI ASCII Grid using Track New Convert XYZ to ASCII Grid 4 2 2 Forest information Forest information is not required for a successfull simulation but recommended because the friction parameters depend strongly on forest information Forest information can be provided as e ESRI ASCII GRID 0 no forest 1 forest e Polygon shapefile wk he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 25 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS dtm av_grid_subset xyz WordPad Datei Bearbeiten Ansicht Einf gen Format Del 464 4 B B 679000 00 236500 00 791 33 679002 00 236500 00 791 73 679004 00 236500 00 792 07 679006 00 236500 00 792 58 679008 00 236500 00 793 01 679010 00 236500 00 793 47 679012 00 236500 00 793 93 679014 00 236500 00 794 38 679016 00 236500 00 794 87 679018 00 236500 00 795 43 679020 00 236500 00 795 96 679022 00 236500 00 796 48 679024 00 236500 00 797 03 679026 00 236500 00 797 55 679028 00 236500 00 798 06 679030 00 236500 00 798 46 679032 00 236500 00 798 81 679034 00 236500 00 799 03 679036 00 23650
35. GRASS information Click YES in the window below Registry Editor 7 M Are you sure you want to add the information in C Programme cygwin cygwin reg to the registry Figure 3 19 Cygwin GRASS Add to registry Registry Editor 1 Information in C Programme cygwin cygwin reg has been successfully entered into the registry Figure 3 20 Cygwin GRASS Registered successfully 16 RAMMS User Manual 3 4 FIRST START e At the end a few Cygwin GRASS scripts are executed The installation of Cyg win GRASS is now completed gt Running ghostscript sh Cancel Figure 3 21 Cygwin GRASS Automatic scripts 3 4 4 Potential problem The following error can occur RSlAutorun A Invalid procedure call or argument Figure 3 22 Error message This error occurs if certain NET libraries are missing on your target machine You need to install these missing libraries Start the installer by double clicking the file run_system32_dll bat in the Temp folder of your RAMMS installation directory Follow the instructions below to install the files wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 17 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START Step 1 Welcome to IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules The Welcome dialog introduces you to the English Setup program and will guide you through the installation process of the IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Click Next to continue i IDL Visual
36. MSAFORESTA RAMMS_ projects D AA view Neuen Ordner erstellen OK Abbrechen Figure 3 30 Browse for the correct Figure 3 29 RAMMS preferences folder End of Example 3 5 a 22 RAMMS User Manual 4 Working with RAMMS 4 1 General To successfully start a new RAMMS project a few important preparations are necessary Topographic input data ascii format project boundary coordinates and georeferenced maps or remote sensing imagery should be prepared in advance tif format and tfw file maps and imagery are not mandatory but nice to have Georeferenced datasets have to be in a Cartesian coordinate system e g Swiss CH1903 LV95 polar coordinate systems e g WGS84 Long Lat are not supported Fore more information about specific national coordinate systems please contact the national topographic agency 4 1 1 Project Scenarios A project is defined for a region of interest Within a project one or more scenarios can be specified and analyzed For every scenario a calculation can be executed A project consists therefore of different scenarios input files with different input parameter files release and friction files The basic topographic input data is the same for every scenario Tf you want to change the topographic input data e g change the input DEM resolution or the project boundary coordinates you have to create a new project Other input parameters like friction parameters
37. RAMMS 1 3 0 Rapid Mass Movements A modeling system for snow avalanches in research and practice USER MANUAL v1 01 Ne WSL Institute for Snow and aN AR Avalanche Research SLF SLF March 2010 Written by Marc Christen Yves Buehler Perry Bartelt and Lina Schumacher Contents 1 Introduction 2 Learning by doing 3 Setup and First Start 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 9 System Requirements taname dekena edda uad Installation x e 202 0 2 8 aa i daa Aaa a 3 2 1 Installation procedure lt sss sese t re e e Licensing Methods i s aosi 4 04 A 4 a au ar da A BS O 3 4 1 Personal License Request File 3 4 2 Personal License Key o nn 3 4 3 CYGWIN GRASS mistallatioini s s cos 6 oo wu ar aa Basar ada Potential problem s sar 8 ese vn Boa e a Preferences 26 4 on hws ge bd aoe ga en 4 Working with RAMMS 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 General ciao Do e DEAR A ee td e Pee dr Al Project Scenarios nadar dr AAA 411 2 Input date 24 s seos an coe ee dra Model inp t data saos cee gee a a nn hee aan 4 2 1 Topographic data Digital Elevation Model 4 2 2 Forest information ses s sa sopoae a aoa SGA eo a de an a 4 2 3 Release information 02 000002 eae 424 Global parameters o soca sn ee ee dos e a Bue ren ee R 4 2 5 Friction information lt a ua zo 2 kin sn a a wie 4 2 6 Calculation parameters irs sa sa CE nn The Project Wizard oosa
38. Select release file rep shp and click open gt gt The release area appears in the project as well as the colorbar for the variable release height m End of exercise 4 6 b 42 RAMMS User Manual 4 6 RELEASE AREAS Once a release area is created or loaded you have to specify the release height Choose choose the release area polygon by selecting it with the left mouse button The appear Input Release Area gt View and Edit Release Areas or click the button and ing window yields information about release area mean slope angle mean altitude and estimated release volume And most importantly the release height can be entered see exercise below Additional release information is found in the avalanche panel in the volumes tab see Figure below 4 AVALANCHE PARAMETER Release height m General Display Volumes Region Release information Proj rel area m2 90573 0 Incl rel area m2 114126 2 Release volume m3 127377 0 Release mass t 38213 1 Density kg m3 300 0 Edit release areas Figure 4 18 Release area and volume information wak Bi WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 43 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 6 c Specify release height and view release information o Switch into 2D mode by clicking 2 o Click on the View and Edit Release Information button 9 in the hori zontal toolbar or in the V
39. Studio Merge Modules InstallShield Wizard Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard for IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules The InstallShield R Wizard will install IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules on your computer To continue click Next WARNING This program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Figure 3 23 IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Welcome dialog window Step 2 Ready to install the Program Click Next to continue i IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules InstallShield Wizard Ready to Install the Program The wizard is ready to begin installation Click Install to begin the installation Tf you want to review or change any of your installation settings click Back Click Cancel to exit the wizard Installshield Figure 3 24 IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Ready to install the Program 18 RAMMS User Manual 3 4 FIRST START Step 3 Installing IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules The wizard is installing the files Please wait until it is finished ie IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules InstallShield Wizard E Installing IDL Yisual Studio Merge Modules The program features you selected are being installed Please wait while the InstallShield Wizard installs IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules This may take several minutes Status 088 0 0 0 8 8 8 0 0 8 0 8 0 0 Cancel Figure 3 25 IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Installing Step 4 InstallShield Wizar
40. The header of an ESRI ASCII Grid must contain the information shown in Fig 4 2 Bl lenzerheide_dem asc WordPad ek Datei Bearbeiten Ansicht Einf gen Format bel 462 A B amp ncols 1157 nrows 1070 xllcorner 763049 yllcorner 178911 cellsize 2 NODATA value 9999 1667 2 1666 67 1665 84 1665 16 1664 96 1665 45 1666 61 1668 1669 23 1670 04 1670 87 1671 38 1665 8 1665 03 1664 58 1664 47 1664 9 1666 06 1667 78 1668 97 1669 96 1670 59 1671 28 1672 1 1664 05 1663 9 1664 1664 31 1665 09 1666 89 1668 44 1669 28 1670 03 1670 83 1671 62 1672 57 1662 43 1663 17 1663 86 1664 45 1665 78 1667 79 1669 15 1670 01 1670 55 1671 51 1672 3 1673 1661 27 1662 33 1663 92 1665 06 1666 76 1668 91 1671 24 1671 47 1671 83 1672 45 1673 15 167 1661 57 1662 53 1663 77 1666 16 1668 46 1669 98 1671 7 1672 53 1673 21 1673 33 1673 95 1674 1662 89 1663 57 1664 79 1667 08 1662 38 1670 83 1672 67 1673 97 1674 67 1674 86 1675 66 167 1664 96 1665 22 1665 73 1668 08 1670 02 1671 3 1674 13 1675 09 1675 71 1676 1 1676 59 1677 1666 74 1666 83 1667 49 1669 27 1670 54 1672 33 1674 98 1675 88 1676 57 1676 9 1677 33 1678 1668 36 1669 06 1669 8 1671 1672 33 1673 71 1675 47 1676 45 1677 25 1677 63 1678 68 1679 39 1669 94 1671 01 1672 53 1673 74 1674 22 1674 89 1676 03 1677 4 1678 31 1678 93 1679 98 1680 1671 69 1672 93 1674 56 1675 8 1676 3 1676 6 1677 47 1678 22 1679 63 1680 45 1681 19 1681 6 1672 44 1674 31 1676 1676 94 1677 63 1678 18 1678 57 1679 11 1680 5 1681 62 1682 19 1682 16
41. UST define an appropriate return period and check your avalanche volume in the Global Parameters Input Global Parameters BEFORE creating a new MuXi file 46 RAMMS User Manual 4 8 FRICTION PARAMETERS 7 RAMMS Automatic MuXi Procedure Volume Tilly Return period 30 el Optional if empty gt default name Mu Xi name Altitude Limits m a s 1 1500 2 1000 Above Altitude Limit 1 Open Slope Mu 0 155 xi 3000 Channelled Slope Mu 0 210 Xi 2000 Gully Slope Mu 0 270 x 1500 Flat Area Slope Mu 0 140 xi 4000 Forested Area mu delta xi fix Mu 0 020 Xi Below Altitude Limit 1 Open Slope Mu 0 170 Xi 2500 Channelled Slope Mu 0 220 xi 1750 Gully Slope Mu 0 285 Xi 1350 Flat Area Slope Mul 0 150 xi 3500 Forested Area mu detta xi fix mul 0 020 Xi 400 Below Altitude Limit 2 Open Slope Mu 0 190 Xi 2000 Channelled Slope Mu 0 240 xi 1500 Gully Slope Mu 0300 Xi 1200 Flat Area Slope Mu Po 170 Xi 3000 Forested Area mu delta xi fix Mu 0 020 Xi 400 Figure 4 22 RAMMS Automatic MuXi Procedure How to create a new MuXi file is demonstrated in the exercise How to create a new MuXi file on page 47 below Before running a calculation make sure you chose variable friction parameters if you want to take the topography into account Mu Xi tab in the Run calculation window In case you closed and
42. allation dialog window After having successfully installed RAMMS on your personal computer you will notice the RAMMS icon on your desktop for all users RAMMS Figure 3 8 RAMMS icon Additionally a new application folder is created in Start Programs for all users e RAMMS Run RAMMS e RAMMS Uninstall RAMMS Run RAMMS 67 Uninstall RAMMS fm RAMMS 7 Startup gt Figure 3 9 RAMMS program group saM he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 9 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START 3 3 Licensing Methods Access to RAMMS is controlled by a Personal Use License Personal use licenses are time limited licenses tied to a single personal computer This method of licensing requires a machine s unique host ID to be incorporated into a license request file After the license request file is sent to WSL SLF you will receive a license key Entering the license key on a personal computer enables full RAMMS functionality for the specific personal computer For more information please visit http ramms slf ch 10 RAMMS User Manual 3 4 FIRST START 3 4 First Start Double click the icon or use Start Programs RAMMS Run RAMMS to start RAMMS for the first time Whenever you start RAMMS the splash screen below will pop up Virtual Machine Distribution Platform To Run IDL Applications Upgrade to a development license of IDL a Figure 3 10 RAMMS
43. alog window 2 2 nn 6 Installation License agreement dialog window 7 Installation Destination directory dialog window 7 Installation Installing files dialog window 2 2 2 2 22 2 8 Installation Finished installing files dialog window 8 Installation Finished installation dialog window 9 RANIVIS ICO acia ee we ete Boe ek eee Ye Pace A er el 9 RAMMS program 6roup s s 04 au pa sa sa a we we a 9 RAMMS start window s sos Soi ars eee ee ee ee we a A 11 RAMMS licensing window 2 0 00002 eee ee ee 11 Enter user name and company name 2 LE Emm 12 Personal license request file RAMMS_request_Muster Test tat 12 Personal license key file RAMMS_license_Muster Test tat 13 Continue Cygwin GRASS installation o o oo o 13 Choose Cygwin GRASS installation zip file 14 Choose Cygwin GRASS installation directory 15 Cygwin GRASS Extract files 2 4 46 06984425 Dede bee wos 16 Cygwin GRASS Add to registry o o o e 16 Cygwin GRASS Registered successfully o o o 16 Cyewin GRASS Automatic serpls gt lt a ca a sa a Pe Rs 17 Error TESSIE a ape da a en ed 17 IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Welcome dialog window 18 IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Ready to install the Program 18 IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Installing
44. alues of flow height left velocity middle and pres sure right topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 BLO Line profile plot 60 44 inside ee a eS 5 11 Line profile perpendicular to flow direction topographic map 2010 Swis atopo BAUJIGUL o sap sorp eack ee Sa ewe EES HS GH 5 12 Line profile along the avalanche path topographic map 2010 Swisstopo A 5 13 Time plot window 4 a e ara a ts a ea aa 5 14 Project before top and after bottom creating a dam topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 2 ee ee ee 5 15 Avalanche beeing stopped by a dam topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BAM 5 16 About RAMM S es a a o E Eh e he a a g 6 1 Graphical user interface GUI si prole har see 6 2 Position information and triangle simulation results in the right status bar 6 3 Colorbar orar zn a wie Ba eek lage ek a Pe e la 6 4 Avalanche padel o c s a s 22 ss as a sr da a ee a 6 5 No transparency left and 40 transparency right of simulation result 62 66 67 78 92 93 94 wak Ea WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF ii List of Exercises Joa Working directory us A A E E a 22 4 3 a How to create a new project o nn 28 4 4 a Moving and resizing the model 2 CE nn 36 4 4 b Rotating the model spa caa 24 A 04 Sh de ia area 37 4 4 c How to switch between 2D and 3D mode 38 4 6 a How to create a new release area nn 41 4
45. anual 6 Program Overview RAMMS is a windows based program that relies on drop down menus and dialogue boxes to set the model parameters run calculations and view results Toolbar buttons are also available and provide short cuts of the menu paths moving the cursor over a button results in a short explanation appearing in a text box below the cursor tooltip For functions not available in the current context the menus and buttons are deactivated and cannot be used TT CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW 5 RAMMS AVALANCHE 1 3 0 T WPerryWdIS_817_2mWdIS_817_2m out gz Track Show Results GIS GRASS Extras Project Help CE Ea xD qa 100 ANDOGY A AVALANCHE PARAMETER Flow height m General Display Volumes Region Simulation parameters Nr of nodes 244394 S elmo Nr of colle 243251 End time s 200 Dump step s 70 Gridresolution m 4 00 Density kg m3 300 E 19 2 cJ E El 53 lt Dump Steps Click amp drag selected item or use arrow keys to rotate 526 452 Figure 6 1 Graphical user interface GUI 6 1 The Graphical User Interface GUI The graphical user interface GUI see figure 6 1 on page 78 consists of menu bar horizon tal and vertical toolbar main window time step slider right and left status bar colorbar and panel They will be explained in the following sections 6 1 1 The menu bar Track Similar to the Microsoft Windows File menu
46. backup This function is useful when having problems with a simulation Make a backup and send the zip file together with some explanations to rammsQslf ch Make sure that all your input data release area shapefiles MuXi files domain files etc is in the project folder Backup Backup User Defined Files Folders Backup any folder or files you want Preferences Change RAMMS preferences Log files RAMMS Logfile current Show active RAMMS logfile Log files RAMMS Logfile last session If RAMMS crashed open this logfile gak 2 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 79 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW and copy paste the content into an email to ramms slf ch Install CYGWIN GRASS Install CYGWIN and GRASS Exit Exit RAMMS Ctrl Q Edit This menu is used to edit colorbar and dataspace properties It is active only in input mode Edit Colorbar Properties Edit the colorbar properties Edit Dataspace Properties Edit your dataspace properties Input Menu used to specify the global parameters the calculation domain release area friction parameters and forest cover This menu is active only in input mode 80 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI Global Parame ters Calculation Domain Release Area Friction Values Draw New Calcula tion Domain Load Existing Do main Draw New Release Areas Load Existin
47. bar Changing the min and max values of the colorbar as well as changing the number of colors used is done in the Avalanche Panel under Display A AVALANCHE o Simply type a new value into the re PARAMETER Flow height m spective field and hit the return key General Display Volumes Region on the keyboard The display will OS be refreshed o A further very helpful thing to Min 0 000000 change is the transparency This is Maz s2983 useful when the topography should o Nr of colors o be visible through the avalanche o ATTENTION The line Values lt Transparency 363 O x xxx are not displayed is im Hit EHTER to confirm portant Depending on your min and max values check this line to sues 0 097 ara not displayed know which values are not dis played Figure 4 23 The avalanche Display panel saM he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 49 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS O Open the editing window by either choosing Edit gt Edit colorbar properties only INPUT or clicking al in the vertical tool bar To change the colorbar properties simply click into the field you want to change then click OK End of exercise 4 9 a Colorbar properties lolx Colorbar Vertical 255 255 255 7 4 0 Flow height m 255 255 255 Helvetica Normal 11 Figure 4 24 The colorbar prop erties window 50 RAMMS Use
48. browse for the correct map location and file wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 55 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS o If the question Map area is much larger than your region Do you wish to crop the map appears as it says your map is much larger than your project area o Click No to load the map without croping It may lead to a bad resolution o We suggest to click Yes The map will be cropped to the same size as the project region A window opens to enter a name for the new map The default saving location is the one set in the RAMMS preferences You can change it if necessary End of exercise 4 12 a Exercise 4 12 b How to add or change remote sensing imagery o Go to Extras gt Add Change image See exercise How to add and change maps on page 55 above End of exercise 4 12 b To check which map and imagery are currently loaded in the project open the project input or output log Project Project Input Log Next to Map image and Ortho image you will find the location and name of the loaded map and imagery respectively 56 RAMMS User Manual 5 Calculation and Results 5 1 Running a calculation To run a calculation one has to have created a project loaded a release area and if a cal culation with variable friction parameters is desired a muxi file must have been created as well Below you find two short examples one for
49. d Avalanche Research SLF 93 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW Figure 6 5 No transparency left and 40 transparency right of simulation result and calculated release volume output The input release volume is estimated Normally the calculated release area is 1 7 larger than the estimated values Region Tab The Region Tab D gives information about min and max X Y coordinates and the altitude limits as well as an information about the region area in km2 94 RAMMS User Manual 6 2 FILE MANAGEMENT 6 2 File management 6 2 1 Software RAMMS After the installation of RAMMS the installation directory contains the following folders lt installation_directory gt lt bin gt This folder contains all RAMMS executable files lt bmp gt Bitmap files used for toolbar buttons lt defaults gt This folder contains some default files lt grass gt This folder contains all GRASS shell scripts used for terrain analysis lt IDL71 gt This folder contains the IDL Virtual Machine distribution lt Manual gt This folder contains the manuals and publications lt Temp gt This folder contains some temporary files and the CYGWIN GRASS installation Additionally the installation directory contains also the following files lt installation_directory gt lt ramms ico gt The RAMMS icon lt ramms sav gt The main compiled program file lt rammsinit sav gt Additional compiled program file lt ramms
50. d Completed The wizard completed the installation Click Finish ie IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules InstallShield Wizard InstallShield Wizard Completed The InstallShield Wizard has successfully installed IDL Visual Studio Merge Modules Click Finish to exit the wizard Figure 3 26 Installation Destination directory dialog window You successfully installed the necessary files and RAMMS should start now normally Go back to section 3 4 and start RAMMS wa EA WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 19 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START 3 5 Preferences Before starting to work with RAMMS be sure to set your RAMMS preferences and place the necessary DEM Digital Elevation Model files as well as the FOREST files MAPS and georeferenced IMAGERY you wish to use in the appropriate folders defined in the preferences see Figs 3 27 and 3 28 Use Track Preferences to open the RAMMS preferences window or click the button El e General tab Setting Purpose Cygwin directory This field allows you to set the Cygwin directory This should correspond to your installation di rectory of Cygwin e g CA Programme cygwin GRASS version Use this field to specify the GRASS version you use You can find your current GRASS version here CA Programme cygwin usr local grass 6 X X default grass 6 2 3 Working directory Set your working directory VERY IMPOR TANT Do NOT use BLANKS in
51. d global parameters see section 4 8 on page 46 All friction informations are saved as polygon shapefiles and can be easily imported in GIS Software e g ArcGIS 4 2 6 Calculation parameters Calculation parameters such as output name simulation grid resolution end time time step etc can be changed interactively in RAMMS 4 3 The Project Wizard A new project is created with the RAMMS Project Wizard shown in the exercise below The wizard consists of four steps gak 2 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 27 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 3 a How to create a new project o Click a or Track gt New gt Project wizard to open the RAMMS Project Wizard o The following window pops up 5 RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Project Wizard Step 1 of 4 Project information Enter project name project details and location of the project in the fields below The project name will be used to name your input and output files Project name Project details Location D user RAMMS_projectst Project will be created at D user RAMMS_projects rer Fremen Hox Figure 4 4 RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Step 1 of 4 28 RAMMS User Manual 4 3 THE PROJECT WIZARD Step 1 o Enter a project name 1 o Add some project details 2 o The project location 3 suggested is the current working directory To change the location click into the locat
52. d location you entered during step 1 of the RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard see figure 4 5 on page 29 The created inputfile has the ending av2 The second situation in which the input file is saved automatically is when a calculation is started The saved input file has the same name as the created output file Exercise 5 4 a How to save input files and program settings manually a Input file o In case you want to save the input file manually before running a calculation go on Track Save This is helpful when a release area and muxi file was loaded but you wish to close the project before doing the calculation o If you wish to save a copy of your file under a new name go on Track Save Copy As or click al o A window pops up to choose an old file which should be overwritten or to type in a new name then click Save o Continue working on the original file not the just saved one b Program settings o If you have moved and or rotated your project for a better view you can save this position by going on Extras Save Active Position o You can now get back to this position anytime by choosing Extras Reload Position End of Example 5 4 a wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 73 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS 5 5 How to open input and output files Exercise 5 5 a How to open an input file o Close any active project file o Goto Track Open Inputf
53. doc folder Folder containing input and ouput LOG files grassloc folder Folder containing GRASS files do NOT delete or change them logfiles folder Log files for GRASS operations shell folder Folder containing GRASS shell scripts grassrc6 GRASS ini file do NOT delete or change dhm asc ASCH Grid with altitude values Examplel av2 Input file Examplel dom Calculation domain ASCII file Examplel_dom shp Calculation domain shapefile Examplel_dom shx Calculation domain shapefile Examplel_dom dbf Calculation domain shapefile Examplel xyz Topographic data used in RAMMS forest_shp shp Extracted forest shapefile forest_shp shx Extracted forest shapefile forest_shp dbf Extracted forest shapefile 34 RAMMS User Manual 4 4 MOVING RESIZING AND CHANGING THE VIEW OF THE MODEL ASCII Grid with forest information 0 no forest 1 forest forest5m asc 4 4 Moving resizing and changing the view of the model Once the project is created there are several useful tools that might be helpful when working with RAMMS They are explained in the excercises below wa 2 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 35 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 4 a Moving and resizing the model a Terrain model has a dimension of 100 or smaller o By clicking on the arrow 91 the model can be moved and re
54. e exercise above exercise How to run a constant avalanche calculation on page 57 RAMMS Run calculation General Params Mu i Release Stop Mu Xi friction parameters o Mu Xi Choose Mu Ximode O constat variable Constant values 1 Fora calculation with variable a Mu 3 0 40 MuXi values click variable Variable values 2 Check if the correct MuXi file DirsorrrAms projecte Example vui 1300 shp is used If a different file should be used click into the field and es Cem Ree eee Figure 5 8 MuXi settings for a variable calculation End of exercise 5 1 b 62 RAMMS User Manual 5 2 RESULTS 5 2 Results This section just gives a short overview on what is possible to do with the simulation results The interpretation of the results has to be done by an avalanche expert who is familiar with the topographic and meteorological situation of the investigation area The RAMMS simulation results should not be used without questioning them Perform sensi tivity studies The drop down menu Results offers the following functions e Flow Height e Flow Velocity e Flow Pressure e Flow Momentum e Max values Height Velocity Pressure Momentum e DEM Adaptations Add Deposition to DEM e Flow Analysis Summary of Moving Mass e Friction Values Mu Xi These results are all visualized by a colorplot in the topography See exercise Displa
55. e release area or other active parameter OUTPUT Show hide simulation Switch between isotropic and anisotropic view Show hide colorbar 6 la INPUT Run Simulation OUTPUT Animate Simulation Continue Simulation Stop Pause Simulation IB OUTPUT End Simulation skip to last dump step of simulation Create a screenshot of the main window OUTPUT Create GIF animation Edit colorbar properties Edit dataspace properties Change RAMMS preferences e g working directory e lala le le la a Change view to 2D Change view to 3D gt J 6 1 4 Main window All input and output related visualizations are displayed in the main window 6 1 5 Time step slider only OUTPUT The time step slider can be moved manually to change the active time step wt he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 91 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW 6 1 6 Left status bar The left status bar is used to display status information for operations or informational messages pertaining to the currently selected surface or manipulators 6 1 7 Right status bar The right status bar is used to display the position of the cursor within the surface and additionally simulation results at the position of the cursor AAA i X 788009 Y 195396 Altitude m 1679 Flow height m 1 70430 Figure 6 2 Position information and triangle simulation results in the right status bar 6 1 8 Colorbar In general t
56. emplify different steps in set ting up and running a RAMMS simulation especially in Chapter 4 Working with RAMMS However to get the most from the manual we suggest reading it through while simultaneously having the RAMMS program open learning by doing We assume RAMMS users to have a basic level of familiarity with windows based programs com mands and general computer terminology We do not describe the basics of windows management such as resizing or minimizing RAMMS windows click options and input masks are similar to other windows based programs and can be used closed reduced or resized in the same way All topographic base maps and aerial images are reproduced 2010 swisstopo BA091601 3 Setup and First Start 3 1 System Requirements We recommend the following minimum system requirements for running RAMMS e OS Windows XP 2000 32 bit e RAM memory 1GB 2 GB recommended e CPU Intel Pentium 1 GHz dual core recommended e Harddisk ca 410 MB Windows Vista and Windows 7 are not supported at the moment 3 2 Installation Please download the RAMMS setup file ramms_user_setup zip from http ramms slf ch ramms downloads ramms_user_setup zip Please do the following steps before you begin to install e Unzip the file ramms_user_setup zip to a temporary directory on your target machine The unzipped file will be entitled similar to ramms1 3 0_user_setup exe showing the actual version of RAMMS e g 1 3 0
57. end to use Calculation Domains especially if you calculate with small cell sizes e g lt 5m 1 275x10 1 255x 110 5 935x 10 5 940x10 5 945x 10 5 950x 10 Figure 4 20 Calculation domain in green confines the area of interest and saves calculation time wa hee WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 45 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS 4 8 Friction parameters RAMMS employs a Voellmy fluid friction model This model divides the frictional re sistance into two parts a dry Coulomb type friction coefficient u that scales with the normal stress and a velocity squared drag coefficient The frictional resistance S Pa is then 72 pg S upHg cos 4 PEZ I Figure 4 21 RAMMS Voellmy fluid friction model where p is the flow density g gravitational acceleration amp the slope angle H the flow height and U the flow velocity This model has found wide application in the simulation of mass movements especially snow avalanches The Voellmy model has been in use in Switzerland for a long time and a set of calibrated parameters is available RAMMS offers a constant and a variable calucation mode If a calculation is done with constant friction values of course no terrain undulations and forest areas are considered Therefore we suggest to use the variable friction values if possible u and depend strongly on the global parameters return period and avalanche volume Therefore you M
58. ept the license agreement and click Submit Order An order confirmation email is sent to your Email address We then process your order and send you an invoice As soon as we received your payment we will send you your personal license key Your personal license key is named similar to RAMMS _license_Muster Test txt Open the file in a text editor It should look similar to Fig 3 14 Now restart RAMMS as explained before Again the pop up window Fig 3 10 and then the dialogue window of Fig 3 11 appears RAMMS Licensing Copy the license key in this example akck 3ijh 3jtl 2h5h g340 and paste it at LICENSE KEY see Figure 3 11 If RAMMS accepts your installation key you successfully finished 12 RAMMS User Manual 3 4 FIRST START E RAMMS_license_Muster Test txt Editor Datei Bearbeiten Format Username Muster Test Company Test Installation Key akck 3ijh 3jt 2h5h g340 Figure 3 14 Personal license key file RAMMS_license_Muster Test txt the installation Please continue with section 3 4 3 and install Cygwin GRASS required to use RAMMS 3 4 3 CYGWIN GRASS installation RAMMS is coupled to the Open Source GIS Software GRASS Before you can benefit of all the functions of RAMMS you must install GRASS on your PC RAMMS works with GRASS version 6 2 3 Later versions of GRASS are not supported in RAMMS GRASS needs Cygwin a Linux like environment for Windows Please perform the following steps to i
59. exe gt Start RAMMS with this exe file lt ramms ini gt The ini file belongs to the ramms exe file lt uninstall exe gt Uninstall RAMMS with this exe file lt uninstall ini gt The ini file belongs to the uninstall exe file 6 2 2 Organizing your data Recommendation to organize your RAMMS data this is only a recommendation but it proved to be a good way Create a folder RAMMS not in your installation directory use another drive for your projects and data e g D RAMMS and in there the following folders e Projects e DEM e FOREST e Maps wot he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 95 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW e OrthoPhoto It is important that the DEM and forest files as well as your georeferenced maps and imagery are located in the appropriate folders These folders are the ones selected in the RAMMS preferences how to set the correct folders see section 3 5 IMPORTANT There should be no blanks or special characters in all the above directories For example do not specify a working directory like CA Documents and Settings Eigene Dateien Data etc this will not work for RAMMS 96 RAMMS User Manual List 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 9 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 16 3 17 3 18 3 19 3 20 3 21 3 22 3 23 3 24 3 25 3 26 3 21 3 28 3 29 3 30 of Figures Installation Welcome dialog window 2 2 o nn 6 Installation Readme di
60. g Re lease Areas View and Edit Re lease Areas Crop Release Area Load Existing MuXi File Create New MuXi File Automatic Pro cedure Show MuXi Classifi cation Change the global parameters avalanche return period vol ume category This activates the button to draw a new calculation do main The mouse cursor changes to an arrow Load a existing calculation domain dom drawn and saved before This activates the button to draw new release areas The mouse cursor changes to an arrow Load an existing release area shapefile The mouse cursor changes to an arrow and you can select release areas to define the re lease height and to view re lease area information This works only in 2D mode If your release area shape file consists of several poly gons you can crop some of them and create a new release shapefile Load afore created MuXi file muxi shp The DEM is analysed classi fied and according to altitude slope and curvature informa tion a new MuXi file is cre ated Shows the result of the MuXi classification wot he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 81 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW Forest Draw New Forest The mouse cursor changes to Area an arrow and you can draw new forest areas Save the for est shapefile and then use the function below Import Forest Area From SHAPEFILE to import the forest cover Show Active Forest If fore
61. ge or remove the imagery used for visualization of your project The images have to be located in your distribution s IMAGE folder see sec tion 3 5 for details If not you can browse for the images Used to select points in OUTPUT mode save point locations and export Time Plot Data Used to draw a profile in OUTPUT mode save profile points and export Profile Plot Data Save your current state of view as well as the enabled and disabled visualiza tions Reload your saved position This function exports release areas muxi files and your results to Google Earth See Map Options for map set tings for areas outside of Switzerland Dialogue window to enter map settings projection datum offsets for areas outside of Switzerland wot he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 87 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW Project This menu contains the project input and output logfiles Project Input Log Displays the input logfile Project Output Log Displays the output logfile The input logfile is appended to the output logfile Help Manuals User Manual PDF RAMMS User Manual Friction Parameter RAMMS friction parameter Table PDF table RAMMS web RAMMS Homepage at http ramms slf ch Updates Download RAMMS updates manually or directly from the web About About dialog window RAMM License Agree RAMMS License Agreement ment Release Notes Information about the RAMMS
62. he Read timesteps ALL Nr of colorbar colors 50 GIF Animation interval s 1 Background color 0 09 Animation delay s 0 1 E Figure 3 27 General tab of RAMMS Figure 3 28 Avalanche tab of preferences RAMMS preferences See exercise Working directory on page 22 below on how to choose a new working directory All further settings can be changed in a similar manner The settings are saved until they are changed again manually wa ES WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 21 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START Exercise 3 5 a Working directory Choosing the right working directory is very useful and saves a lot of time searching for files and folders o Click or use Track Preferences to open the RAMMS preferences window o Click into the field Working directory then the appearing arrow 2 and Edit A window pops up where you can choose your new working directory Click OK in both windows Ordner suchen RAMMS Preferences General Avalanche Please Select a Directory DO MC_TMP O orahome Cygwin directory GRASS version Map directory Orthophoto directory DEM directory C Programme RAMMS grass 6 2 3 Working directory D user RAMMS_ projects D RAMMS SMAPS DARAMMSAMAGERYA DARAMMSADEMA Bar O RAMMS E O RExcel O scripts slope OD swissmap a temp 5 TerraGoHome Trimbel 3 user FOREST directory DARAM
63. he colorbar appears at the ee right edge of the main window see figure 0 00 050 100 1 50 Flow height m 6 1 and can be moved and resized see ex ercise Editing the colorbar on page 49 Fides Colmar 6 1 9 Panel An avalanche panel is displayed on the right side of the RAMMS GUI see fig 6 4 and consists of four tabs General Display Volumes and Region This panel changes interactively depending on what parameter is displayed in the main window The current parameter A 1 and all visualizations A 2 are additional information functions on the avalanche panel General Tab The General tab A shows some important simulation parameters such as nr of nodes nr of cells end time s dump step s grid resolution m and avalanche density kg m3 92 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI A AVALANCHE General Display Volumes Region PARAMETER Release height m A Colorbar MIN and MAX values B Min 0 00 General Display Yolur gt Display Volumes 1 ar ar Simulation parameters Nr of nodes 9409 1 Nr of colors 50 Nr of cells 9216 Transparency 0 Bew o o Hit ENTER to confirm ie Grid resolution m 25 00 Density kg m3 300 General Display Yolumes Region Volumes and areas G Proj rel area m2 56117 3 Incl rel area m2 71458 0 Release volume m3 71458 0
64. ile optional fi 1 f h fil Do NOT use forest information elds to browse for the appropriate files nn 5 1 Grid resolution m 5 0 3 o If you don t want to use a FOREST 4 file select Do NOT use forest infor ex mation 2 Figure 4 7 Step 2 of the o Click Next 3 RAMMS project wizard GIS information aX he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 29 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Step 3 o Enter the X and Y coordinates of the lower left and upper right corner of your project area using the Swiss Coordinate System CH1903 LV95 or another cartesian coordinate system as it is shown below for the Valle de la Sionne area AB ower left corner mn Yin NS Figure 4 8 Project coordinates lower left and upper right corner of project area 2010 swisstopo BA091601 Figure 4 9 Step 3 of the RAMMS project wizard Project boundary coordinates Saree re ie 1 fe 7 ER UN iP AS ER NS RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Project Wizard Step 3 of 4 Project boundary coordinates Kae N Enter Xmin WEST Xmax EAST Ymin SOUTH and Ymax NORTH Coordinates Y max m NORTH 189497 X min m WEST 781503 Xmax m EAST 783997 Y min m SOUTH 187003 30 RAMMS User Manual 4 3 THE PROJECT WIZARD Step 4 o Check
65. ile or click o A window opens to browse for an avalanche input file av2 o Click Open after file name was selected o The project will be opened End of Example 5 5 a Exercise 5 5 b How to open an output file avalanche simulation o Close any active project file o Goto Track Open Avalanche Simulation or click al o A window opens to browse for an avalanche simulation file out gz o Click OK o The simulation will be opened End of Example 5 5 b Exercise 5 5 c How to load an optional shapefile o To load a shapefile click o A window opens to browse for a shapefile shp o Click Open after file was selected End of Example 5 5 c 74 RAMMS User Manual 5 6 ABOUT RAMMS 5 6 About RAMMS Some information about the RAMMS installation on your computer is found here gt A bout RAMM S About RAMMS for Windows RAMMS Version 1 3 0 for Windows 2000 XP This product is licensed to Marc Christen SLF Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure of this software is subject to your license agreement with WWSL SLF January 2010 SLF Davos Switzerland Marc Christen Julia Kowalski Perry Bartel Urs Gruber Christoph Graf Brian McArdell Yves Buehler Figure 5 16 About RAMMS wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 75 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS 76 RAMMS User M
66. ion field A second window appears and you can browse for a different folder see figure below VERY IMPORTANT Do NOT use BLANKS or special characters in the project location path o Click Next 4 RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Project Wizard Step 1 of 4 Ordner suchen Choose project location Project information Enter project name project details and location of the project in the fields below The project name will be used to name your input and output files 6 C LMSTEIN_projects O my_projects Panasonic E paper_review Project details Ramms Davos constant calculation E data Project name Examplet Location joomla Diuser RAMMS_projectst DO MANUAL Project will be created at Projects D user RAMMS_projectsVExample1 BG Axel_Dorfberg E Dani_Lussi E India_project E small_aval_Dorfberg DE cena mannst tex Neuen Ordner erstellen OK Abbrechen Figure 4 5 Step 1 of the RAMMS Figure 4 6 Window to browse for a project wizard Project information new project location 7 RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard Project Wizard Step 2 of 4 S te p 2 GIS information Choose DEM Digital Elevation Model file FOREST file and specity the grid resolution of your project o Locate your DEM and FOREST file ssc Select DEM file optional in the folder set in the RAMMS pref erences Click into the corresponding gt K Select forest f
67. m OSmall O Tiny Cancel Figure 4 16 RAMMS global parameters Prior to creating a new muxi file choose the return period and the volume category The MuXi file will be calculated based on these values Changing the return period and or volume category has no effect on already existing muxi files The default volume category is chosen based on the specified release volume wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 39 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS 4 6 Release areas There are different possibilities to include a release area into the project This is of course necessary to run a calculation The following table gives an overview of the possibilities RAMMS offers For further explanations see the exercises below If there is no release area available for your project or Create a new release area you wish to create a new one switch to 2D mode and click Pal Load an existing release Load an existing release area with Input gt Release area area gt Load existing release area Draw a release area using a GIS tool and save it as Import a shapefile and con shapefile shp Then convert the shapefile using vert it to a release area GIS GRASS Convert Shapefile gt Polygon Shapefile to RAMMS Release Shapefile The defnition of release areas and release heights have a very strong impact on the results of RAMMS simulations Therefore we recommend to use reference information such as ph
68. model o After activating the rotation button No w the model can be rotated along the rotation axis by moving the cursor directly on one of the axis until the cursor changes from BS Otherwise a freehand rotation in any direction is possible Figure 4 13 Active project with rotation axes topographic map 2010 swisstopo BA091601 End of exercise 4 4 b wt he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 37 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 4 c How to switch between 2D and 3D mode o Click gt to switch from 3D to 2D view This button then changes to gt and by clicking again you will return to 3D view Figure 4 14 3D view of example Figure 4 15 2D view of example model topographic map 2010 swis model topographic map 2010 swis stopo BA091601 stopo BA091601 In 2D mode you have all possibilities that you know from 3D mode It works for input files as well as for simulations For the following functions of RAMMS it is necessary to switch from 3D to 2D view INPUT OUTPUT o New release area Ba o Line profile pS o Release area information Kl o Edit Release area 2 o New domain End of exercise 4 4 c 38 RAMMS User Manual 4 5 GLOBAL PARAMETERS 4 5 Global parameters RAMMS Global parameters Global MuXi Parameters Return period years O30 100 30 10 Avalanche volume category Large Mediu
69. mself 60 RAMMS User Manual 5 1 RUNNING A CALCULATION O Oo Ci Figure 5 7 Main window in output mode topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 Click RUN CALCULATION fig 5 4 The following window appears showing the status of the calculation et IDL Workspace70 ramms1 2 bin ramms_aval exe Welcome to the RAMMS Avalanche calculation module Starting calculation with 78758 nodes 78186 elements and 155889 edges Writing output file E RAMMS_Beispiele vdls_5 6 Test out Writing coordinates Writing connectivity list Writing initial conditions Starting explicit time integration Time 5 Step 33 DI 6823273 Cfl 8 342693 Hmax 1 26618 Umax 32 8261 Umax 24 7186 HEmax MOUING MASS 98 268442 percent of total mass Volume 78387 401474 m3 HE_Total 8 000008 GJ ra ETS Step 99 DT 8 00382922 Cf1 8 365933 Hmax 2 21239 Umax 34 5582 Umax 24 7186 HEmax MOUING MASS 96 304883 percent of total mass Figure 5 6 Status window of calculation 1 25 Flow height m Once it s finished the simulation is opened in RAMMS End of exercise 5 1 a wa mgs WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 61 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS Exercise 5 1 b How to run a variable avalanche calculation The process for a variable calculation is almost the same than for a constant calcula tion Therefor this exercise only shows the difference to th
70. nstall both GRASS and Cygwin e Be aware You need Administrator privileges on the target machine to install GRASS e Run Track gt Install Cygwin GRASS to install GRASS Version 6 2 3 CYGWIN GRASS installation J This will install CYGWIN and GRASS on your PC continue Figure 3 15 Continue Cygwin GRASS installation Click YES to begin the installation of Cygwin and GRASS wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 13 CHAPTER 3 SETUP AND FIRST START e Choose the file Cygwin623 zip in the Temp directory of your RAMMS distribution and click OK Choose CYGWIN installation file cyewinXX zip Suchen in Temp en a Cygwin623 zip Zuletzt verwendete D Desktop Eigene Dateien Arbeitsplatz Dateiname Netzwerkumgeb Dateityp Pai v Abbrechen Figure 3 16 Choose Cygwin GRASS installation zip file 14 RAMMS User Manual 3 4 FIRST START e In the next window you are asked to specify the installation directory Choose e g CA Programs without cygwin because cygwin will be appended automatically VERY IMPORTANT Do NOT use BLANKS or any special characters in the installation path Ordner suchen Choose CYGWIN installation directory cygwin will be appended Y Arbeitsplatz Se SYSTEM C E a Documents and Settings O Downloads O Mc_TMP O Msocache PhotoShop 5 Program Files B Programme a aval DO Perl O PuTTY
71. olumes tab in the panel or choose Input Release Area View and Edit Release Areas o Then click on the release area you want to get information on A red polygon is drawn around the selected release area The following window appears RAMMS Release inform Release area information Proj area m2 2222 22 Mean slope angle 36 4193 Mean altitude m 2113 54 Estimated release volume m3 2071 18 Calc with mean slope angle Release area nr 0 Release height d0 m 0 75 7 o Figure 4 19 Release area information window Remark The estimated release volume shown is estimated calculated with a mean slope angle for the whole release area o To change the release height enter a new value the resulting release volume is directly adjusted Click OK if you want to keep the changes Cancel otherwise End of exercise 4 6 c 44 RAMMS User Manual 4 7 CALCULATION DOMAIN 4 7 Calculation Domain To save calculation time you can specify a calculation domain If you know where the avalanche path is situated e g by running a calculation with a coarse cell size e g 25m you can exclude the area which is not of interest Switch to 2D mode and chose Input Calculation Domain Draw new Domain Now you can draw a polygon con taining the area of interest accordingly to drawing a new release area see exercise C reate release area on page 40 We strongly recomm
72. ordinates do not correspond exactly to the clipping values you entered at creation time of the project This is due to the clipping algorithm in GRASS Additionally the total region area is shown in km2 54 RAMMS User Manual 4 12 CHANGING MAPS AND REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY 4 12 Changing maps and remote sensing imagery It is possible to change the map or imagery of a project anytime Take into account that the corresponding TFW file world file has to be in the same folder as the actual map tif If this is not the case the map will not be found found folder Exercise 4 12 a How to add or change maps o Goto Extras gt Add Change Map If more than one map is found the following window pops up listing the maps 3661 35661 25 6549 a C AProgrammetramms Mapsrexample tif 3261 2461 15 8637 gt Load selected map Figure 4 27 Window to choose map image Information on the image dimensions x Dim and y Dim pixel and size in MB are provided and might be a selection criterion o Select the map you wish to add and click Load selected map o If the question No map found continue search appears you either don t have an appropriate map the Map folder directory is set wrong or the map is saved in a different folder In the latter case click Yes and choose the correct o Click No to cancel search o Click Yes to continue search o A window pops up to
73. otography GPS measurements or filed maps to draw release areas This should be done by people with experience concerning the topographic and meteorological situation of the investigation area 40 RAMMS User Manual 4 6 RELEASE AREAS Exercise 4 6 a How to create a new release area Switch to 2D mode by clicking 2 Activate the project by clicking on it once Click al Click into the project where you want to start drawing the outline of the release polygon Continue drawing the release polygon by moving the cursor and clicking the left mouse button To end the release polygon double click the left mouse button The polygon will be closed automatically gt mast 4 Figure 4 17 Project with emerging release area Before the release area is created you have to answer a few questions o Add more release areas You can either answer with Yes and create a second release polygon as explained above or answer with No and continue with the next step Choose a new release filename Enter a new name for the release area The ending rep shp is added automat ically The release area will now be created and opened directly as well as the colorbar End of exercise 4 6 a wa he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 41 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 6 b How to load an existing release area o Choose Input Release area Load existing release area o
74. p in RAMMS the plot is directly updated You can also start the simulation and then watch the time variations in your line profile plot It makes sense to either draw a profile line perpendicular to the flow direction or to draw the line along the avalanche path Basically every imaginable path is possible eat he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 65 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS 4 J 4 EE 1650 u E E 3E E 3 3 rs DE 1600 2 E E 5 E z 2E z 2E a E 1550 E c E Lc E 1 16 E 1500 E built sl 057400 200 300 400 500 O 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Proj Distance m Proj Distance m Figure 5 11 Line profile perpendicu Figure 5 12 Line profile along the lar to flow direction topographic map avalanche path topographic map 2010 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 Swisstopo BA091601 o To save the coordinates of the points belonging to the line profile go on Extras Profile Save Line Profile Points and enter a file name o To save the line profile parameters distance in m and the active pa rameter e g the flow height in m at the current dump step go on Extras Profile Export Profile Plot Data and enter a file name 66 RAMMS User Manual 5 2 RESULTS b Load an existing line profile o Switch to 2D mode by clickin 2 o Activate the project by clicking on it once and click 1 or choose Extras
75. r Manual 4 10 FOREST 4 10 Forest It is necessary to take forest areas into account when running a simulation with variable friction parameters Mu and Xi The easiest way to consider forest is to have a digital forest file ASCII grid or forest shapefile located in the folder set in the RAMMS preferences FOREST directory In this case the forest file will already be included while creating the project Step 2 of the RAMMS Avalanche Project Wizard deals with the DEM and FOREST files Click into the field once to browse for your FOREST file If you have a forest file available and located in the FOREST folder but don t want to use it click Do NOT use forest information This is necessary e g if you want to simulate a situation without considering the forest wk he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 51 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 10 a How to create a FOREST file o Switch to 2D mode by clicking 2 o Activate project by clicking on the map once o Click YE or choose Input Forest Draw New Forest Areas o Trace the forest outline by creating as many FOREST area polygons as nec essary proceed as in exercise How to create a new release area on page 40 and name your new FOREST file A new FOREST shapefile is saved o You are asked if you want to import the created FOREST file into your project Click YES if you want to use the newly created FOREST igno
76. re the next point in this case Otherwise click NO and import the FOREST file later as explained in the next point o Import the new FOREST shapefile Choose Input Forest Import For est Area From SHAPEFILE then select your FOREST shapefile o This new FOREST information is not automatically taken over in existing MuXi files Therefore recreate existing MuXi files if needed If you create a new MuXi file with Input Friction Values Create new MuXi file Automatic Procedure the forest will now be considered End of exercise 4 10 a 52 RAMMS User Manual 4 11 PROJECT INFORMATION 4 11 Project information There are two ways to view your project settings and information First you can open your project s input log file or output log file in OUTPUT mode or you can check your project s region extent and area in the avalanche panel in the region tab You can open the project s input log with Project Project Input Log The following window opens This window provides information about all your project s input specifications like number of nodes and cells release areas forest files used DEM the loaded map and ortho images as well as your global simulation parameters gt Example1 RAMMS input LOG File ORAR ARROBA AAA RAMMS 1 2 42 INPUT LOGFILE PEOR RRA RADAR RR RAR RRA RRA RARO RRA R RRA RRA RARARARRRA Date Tue Feb 23 17 18 28 2010 Input filename D
77. sized Figure 4 12 Active project with lines and corners for resizing topographic map 2010 Swisstopo BA091601 o To move the model without changing size or aspect ratio move to the model xa Then click and hold the left mouse button and drag the model to the desired position and check if the cursor turns to o To resize the model without changing the aspect ratio move to one of the green corners If the cursor turns to oe click and hold the left mouse button By moving the mouse towards the model the size will be reduced move away to enlarge the model Alternatively you can resize the model by changing the percentage value in the horizontal toolbar 100 j 36 RAMMS User Manual 4 4 MOVING RESIZING AND CHANGING THE VIEW OF THE MODEL o To resize the model by changing the aspect ratio go on one of the green lines click and hold the left mouse button and change the size by moving the mouse When the mouse cursor changes to Kg b Terrain model has a dimension gt 100 o All steps explained above are still possible Especially for the last two steps explained the view of one of the corners or lines is required o In addition to this the white hand right next to the rotation button becomes active as well After clicking on this so called view pan button MBIT it is also possible to move the model End of exercise 4 4 a Exercise 4 4 b Rotating the
78. ss MovementS is a state of the art numerical simulation model to calculate the motion of geophysical mass movements snow avalanches rockslides debris flaws shallow landslides from initiation to runout in three dimensional terrain It was designed to be used in practice by hazard engineers who need solutions to real everyday problems It is coupled with a user friendly visualization tool that allows users to easily access display and analyze simulation results New constitutive models have been developed and implemented in RAMMS thanks to calibration and verification at full scale tests at sites such as Vall e de la Sionne These models allow the application of RAMMS to solve both large extreme avalanche events as well as smaller mass movements such as hillslope debris flaws and shallow landslides RAMMS is developed at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Davos by Marc Christen Julia Kowalski Perry Bartelt Yves B hler Christoph Createlnstall Free Figure 3 2 Installation Readme dialog window 6 RAMMS User Manual 3 2 INSTALLATION Step 3 Accepting the License Agreement Read the license agreement carefully and accept it by activating the check box in the lower left corner If you do not accept the license agreement you are not able to proceed with the installation After accepting the license agreement click Next to continue the installation F Installing RAMMS License Agreement
79. st cover is taken into Cover account the corresponding shapefile is displayed If your project uses no forest cover at the moment RAMMS will tell you so Import Forest Area If a forest shapefile has been From SHAPEFILE drawn using it can be im ported using this function Import Forest Area Ifa forest ASCII grid is avail From ASCIT Grid able it can be imported using this function 0 no forest 1 forest Remove Active For Remove the active forest est Cover raster data from the project 82 RAMMS User Manual 6 1 THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI Show This menu enables and disables the different visualizations A little arrow indicates if the visualization is enabled or disabled Show Lights Show hide light effects Show Grid Show hide computational grid El Show Map Show map Show Image Show orthophoto image El Show Release Area Simulation Show hide release area input mode or simulation results output mode a Show Isotropic View Switch between realistic isotropic and anisotropic view a Show Colorbar Show hide colorbar Show Bottom Color Show hide 0 color Show Arrow OUTPUT Show hide point arrow of time plot Show Line Profile OUTPUT Show hide line of line profile Show Domain Show hide calculation domain area only in input mode wk he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 83 CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM OVERVIEW Run This menu is active only in
80. that needs to be solved RAMMS Rapid Mass MovementS is a state of the art numerical simulation model to calculate the motion of geophysical mass movements snow avalanches rockslides debris flows shallow landslides from initiation to runout in three dimensional terrain It was designed to be used in practice by hazard engineers who need solutions to real everyday problems It is coupled with a user friendly visualization tool that allows users to easily access display and analyze simulation results New constitutive models have been de veloped and implemented in RAMMS thanks to calibration and verification at full scale tests at sites such as Vall e de la Sionne These models allow the application of RAMMS to solve both large extreme avalanche events as well as smaller mass movements such as hillslope debris flows and shallow landslides RAMMS was developed by the Avalanche Debris Flow and Rockfall research unit of the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF This manual describes the features of the RAMMS program allowing beginners to get started quickly as well as serving as a reference to expert users On the RAMMS web page http ramms s1lf ch you find useful features such as a mod erated discussion forum frequently asked questions FAQ or recent software updates Please visit this web page frequently to stay up to date 2 Learning by doing This manual provides an overview of RAMMS Exercises ex
81. then reopened a project and did not save it with the created MuXi file you can simply load the MuXi file again and do not have to create it again see exercise How to load an existing MuXi file on page 47 wa Ee WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 47 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH RAMMS Exercise 4 8 a How to create a new MuXi file o Choose Input Friction Values Create new MuXi file Automatic Procedure o Enter a file name o Unless you know better leave the values as they are o Click OK o The MuXi file will be loaded after it is created If you create the first MuXi file for this project this procedure can take a while depending on your computer s performance CPU and RAM The creation of following MuXi files will be much faster o You can switch between the release area if already loaded the Mu and Xi value via the avalanche panel End of exercise 4 8 a Exercise 4 8 b How to load an existing MuXi file o Choose Input Friction values Load existing MuXi file o A window opens to browse for an existing MuXi file MuXi shp o Click Open and the file will be loaded End of exercise 4 8 b 48 RAMMS User Manual 4 9 COLORBAR 4 9 Colorbar As soon as a parameter is shown in the project the colorbar appears on the right side of the main window It can be turned on and off by clicking on El Exercise 4 9 a Editing the color
82. use button once o A window pops up and you can browse for the time plot file you wish to open End of exercise 5 2 c Exercise 5 2 d Enter point coordinates and get a time plot o Go to Extras Point Enter Point Coordinates X Y Enter X coordinate of your point of interest Click OK O O Enter Y coordinate of your point of interest Click OK o The time plot opens End of exercise 5 2 d 68 RAMMS User Manual 5 3 EXTRAS 5 3 Extras 5 3 1 Creating an image and a GIF animation Image It is possible to export your results as an image in different formats e g png jpg gif tifetc Choose Track gt Export and define a new file name with the corresponding extension or click el An image of the visible part in the viewer will then be saved GIF animation Creating a GIF animation is of course only possible in output mode Click sa and wait until the simulation stopped and a window opened Enter a file name and location The GIF animation folder as well as the corresponding gif animation file is saved in the simulation folder In the avalanche tab in the preferences you can define the interval for the GIF animation GIF animation interval s wa 2 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 69 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS 5 3 2 Creating a dam RAMMS offers the possibility to simulate a dam by increasing the altitude at the position
83. ying max values on page 64 In the horizontal toolbar you find two further functions e Line Profile A e Time plot Line profile A line profile is a good alternative to the color plot if the avalanche snow height velocity or pressure should be known at a specific location The graph shows the currently active parameter Every line profile is saved in the file profile txt in the project directory If you want to keep this line profile you have to save it see exercise How to draw a line profile on page 64 wot he WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF 63 CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION AND RESULTS Time plot This function provides a time plot at a single point This is helpful when knowing the position of an obstacle building dam tree and the max values at this location over time are a relevant information Every point is saved in the file point txt and a point info file point_info txt is additionally saved in the project directory If you want to keep this point you have to save it see exercise How to create a timeplot on page 64 The point info file can be visualized with Extras Point View Point Info File Exercise 5 2 a Displaying max values of flow height flow velocity and pressure The maximum values of snow height velocity and pressure give a good view on the dimension of the avalanche You find them under Results gt Max values gt Max flow height gt Max

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